RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY
NKPOLU- OROWORUKWO, PORT HARCOURT.
PROJECT PROPOSAL
ON
REVIEW AND UPDATE OF STREET GUIDE MAP OF PORT HARCOURT
TOWNSHIP AND BORIKIRI RIVERS STATE
PRESENTED BY
SAPIRA, WISDOM MONDAY DE.2016/1742
MATTHIAS, DESTINY O. DE.2016:1558
ADEBAYO, RICHARD TAMMUNOTONYE DE.2015/1530
WEST, TAMMUNOEMI FUBARA DE.2015/155
TO
DEPARTMENT OF SURVEYING AND GEOMATICS
FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
SUPERVISORS: SURV. OLAGBADEBO OGUNNUBI
SURV. IYOWUNA BENJAMIN JONAH
FEBRUARY 2020
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
A map is a model of the earth surface showing the shape and position of different
countries, political borders, natural and artificial features (Fasote, et al, 2016). From earliest
civilisation, maps have been used to portray information about the earth’s surface. Navigators,
Surveyors, Town Planners, Military, Architects, etc. used maps to show spatial distribution of
important geographic features. Once produced, this graphic image (Map) becomes static,
therefore, it should be expected that a map may be partly out-of-date by the time of its
publication and it may have to continue in this state for a period of time. Since there is constant
search for ways of providing the static map with information about changes. Thus, the true
purpose of map revision or update is to keep all maps up-to-date with changes as may be
witnessed over time. If the accuracy and quality of the map is to be maintained, then the revision
information must be compiled exactly and carefully located (Keates, 1973).
Maps have played vital roles in the world through aiding decision making and policy
formulation processes as well as aiding tourism and general navigation (Longley et al., 2007).
Maps, a spatial model of the Earth's surface (Heywood et al., 2006), showing how
physical features are positioned and related to each other, created through cartographic
abstraction process are highly potent means of communicating spatial information to people. A
street guide map is a type of map that focuses on the locations of streets in an urban area. The
map making process can be a daunting and challenging process, however advances made in
computer hardware and software technology have tremendously improved both the speed and
quality of map making. The computer has changed both the mapping process and the map as a
concept. It has increased the value of the map as a source of environmental information for all
types of planning and decision making. Furthermore, there has been an increase in the demands
for high quality hardcopy and digital maps in recent times (ESRI, 2004). Thus the need for the
capability or capacity of producing high precision and quality maps within a reasonable time
frame and at a greatly reduced production cost. Unfortunately, traditional mapping processes
cannot sustain such current demand.
Immediately a map is produced it becomes static which makes it out of date after it has
been produced. Outdated maps are not suitable for effective planning, environmental
management and sustainable development. Due to natural and manmade activities the landscape
of our environment changes rapidly. Based on this reason therefore, maps produced some years
back soon lack details of recent development, hence, map revision- the process of updating
earlier maps, is therefore necessary so as to incorporate recent changes in the landscape.
Data about these changes in the area of interest can be collected through field survey
(classical method), Aerial photographs, satellite datasets. In this study satellite imagery (Remote
sensing) will be used to revise the Map sheet 6272.
1.1 Statement of the Problem
The study area lacks an up-to-date street guide map and recent information about the features of
the study area. The street guide map available for the area was last produced in 1966 that is fifty
four (54) years ago with sheet number 6272, which is now out of date therefore, it can no longer
be used for it desired purpose. Because of this, there is need for the map to be reviewed. So that
it can assist the relevant authorities in planning and executing elaborate revenue mobilisation
scheme and also guide to residents and tourist.
1.2 Aim of Project
The aim of this project is to prepare an up to date map of Port Harcourt Township and Borokiri.
1.3 Objectives
The objectives of this project are as follows;
1. To produce an updated street guide map of Port Harcourt township and Borikiri in compliance
to survey laws and regulations.
2. To maintain survey information as contained in the initial analogue street guide map useful for
tourism.
3. To extract features of interest, both spatial and non-spatial data within the project area.
Conversion of existing paper maps of the study area into digital format. Generate spatial
distribution of road network, and other utilities within the study area.
1.4 Significance of the Study
This project will serve as a guide for government agencies, institutions, and individuals in taking
good decision in sitting of facilities within the study area.
This study will aid government agencies, institutions, and individuals in taking good decision in
siting of facility within the study area.
It will boost tourists’ experience in the area, which are often hampered by the unavailability and
out-dated analogue street guide maps of the area.
It will help the general management and administration of the local government council through
the provision of up-to-date information on the location of utilities and services in the area.
1.5 Study Area
Port Harcourt Township and Borikiri is in Port Harcourt Local Government Area of Rivers State
in southern Nigerian. It is located between longitudes, 009º 12’41” and 009º15’32”, and
between latitudes, 002º 32’30” and 002º 31’16”. It is a major business and urban residential
neighborhood.
Coordinates: 4°49′27″N 7°2′1″ECoordinates: 4°49′27″N 7°2′1″E
Country Nigeria
State Rivers
LGA(s) Port Harcourt
Obio-Akpor
Okrika
Eleme
Founded 1912
Incorporation 1913[3]
Named for Lewis Vernon Harcourt
Government
• Type Mayor–Council
• Body Port Harcourt City Council
• Mayor Victor Ihunwo[4]
Area
[5][6]
• Metropolis 369 km2 (142 sq mi)
• Land 360 km2 (140 sq mi)
• Water 9 km2 (3 sq mi)
• Urban 158 km2 (61 sq mi)
• Metro 1,900 km2 (700 sq mi)
Population
(2006 census)[7][8]
• Metropolis 1,005,904
• Density 2,700/km2 (7,100/sq mi)
• Urban 1,865,000
• Urban density 12,000/km2 (31,000/sq mi)
• Metro 2,000,000
• Metro density 1,100/km2 (2,700/sq mi)
Demonym(s) Portians[9]
Time zone UTC+1 (WAT)
Postcode 500[10]
Area code(s) 084[11]
Climate Am
Borokiri
Neighborhood
Coordinates: 4°44′56″N 7°2′6″ECoordinates: 4°44′56″N 7°2′6″E
Country Nigeria
State Rivers State
LGA City of Port Harcourt
Neighborhood of Port Harcourt
Time zone UTC+1 (WAT)
ZIP code 500244
Borokiri (also spelled Borikiri) is a neighborhood of the city of Port Harcourt situated just south
of Old GRA in Rivers State, Nigeria. It lies at latitude 4.749° N and longitude 7.035° E. The
neighborhood is bounded by Ahoada Street to the north, Okrika Island to the east (across
Aboturu Creek), Orubiri oilfield to the south and Ship Builders Road to the west. Its land uses
include residential, commercial, institutional and recreation
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
In order to accomplish the above mention objectives, the following task have to be done.
1. Reconnaissance survey of the project.
2. Satellite data set will be acquired from Universal Map Downloader and AsterDEM from
Earthexplorer.usgs.gov, as well as the map sheet 6272 (1964) from the Office of the
Surveyor General Moscow Road Port Harcourt was also acquired.
3. Geo-rectification: the map sheet 6272 and Satellite imagery would be geo-rectified with
Arc-GIS.
4. Digitizing: The map sheet and satellite data set would be “digitized”, in a correct way, to
acquire information from images/maps.
5. Ground Truthing
6. Field Completion Exercise: The possible left-out features were updated using Satellite
data set and contour were extracted using AsterDEM.
7. Map presentation: this is reproduction of the revised map sheet 6272.
2.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
1. Remote sensing is the science and art of obtaining information about an object, area, or
phenomenon through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in contact with
the object, area, or phenomenon under investigation (Lillesand and Kiefer, Year).
2. Geospatial information system (GIS) is system for Capturing, storing, checking,
integrating, manipulating, analysing and displaying data which are spatially referenced to
the Earth. GIS includes the capabilities of Computer Aided Design and Data Base
Management Systems (Shahab, 2008).
3. Computer aided cartography (CAC) is a system which is used to perform specific
cartography functions by means of computer hardware and software which aids the
humans in the system to make their decisions (Termium Plus),.
2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW
The literatures reviewed in this study are:
Ejikeme, J.O. Igbokwe, E.C and Ezeomedo, I.O (2014)- The revision of 1:50,000 topographic
map of Onitsha metropolis, Anambra state,Nigeria using NigeriaSat-1 imagery.
Yohanna, P. Nuhu, H.(2012)- Application of remote sensing and geographic information system
(GIS) in revising township map: a case study of Mubi metropolis, Adamawa state, Nigeria
Dimos, P. Haralambos, K. Dimitris, S. Li, Y. Tongying, G. Kostas, S (2005).- The update of
middle scale topographic maps using high-resolution satellite images.
Fawole, E.O (2017)- Revision of topographical map sheet 262, Apomu using Aster DEM and
satellite imagery.
2.3 GAPS IDENTIFIED IN LITERAURE REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
In this project we would make use of satellite imagery, Satellite imagery (also Earth observation
imagery or spaceborne photography) are images of Earth or other planets collected by imaging
satellites operated by governments and businesses around the world. Satellite imaging companies
sell images by licensing them to governments and businesses such as Apple Maps and Google
Maps.
CREATE FLOWCHART
3.0.1 PROPOSED DATA ACQUISITION
Base on this Study both primary and secondary data sources will be used.
3.0.1.1 PRIMARY SOURCE: The primary data to be obtained are the coordinates of the
prominent features that will be visible on the imagery which will be used for geo-rectifying,
Global Positioning System (GPS) will be used to acquire the Easting and Northing coordinate of
each features.
3.0.1.2 SECONDARY SOURCES: Map sheet 6272 (1964) and Satellite dataset (Ikonos) were
obtained from the office of the surveyor General Moscow Road Port Harcourt.
3.0.1.3 PROPOSED DATA VALIDATION
The map sheet 6272 (1964) acquired from the office of the Surveyor general was produced in
National coordinate system Minna Datum (Clark 1880) in Feet. The scale was 1inch to 400feet.
The coordinate system need to be converted to Universal Traverse Mercator (UTM) World
Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) and also the scale at which the map sheet of 1964 was
produced need to be converted to its equivalent in meters to aid us to know the scale we are to
produce the revised map.
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 PROPOSED DATA PROCESSING
The data we will acquire during the course of this project will be downloaded into ArcGIS 10.3.1
for processing, they will include the following:
4.0.1 EXISTING MAP GROUND COORDINATES SATELLITE DATASETS
After scanning the datasets to be used, we will import the files into ArcGIS application
software and Shape-files used to represent a set of geographic features such as building, road and
vegetation. There are two ways by which data can be added to ArcMap window, it can be by
dragging from Arc-Catalog and by using the ‘’add’’ data button in ArcMap.
METHODOLOGY
4.0.1.1 GEO-RECTIFICATION
The datasets will be Geo-rectified into Arcmap spatial grid UTM WGS 84. Geo-rectification is
the process of taking an image of a map and referencing it to a spatial grid, so that the image of
the map can in turn be used for associating points of interest with the spatial grid. Geo-
rectification is crucial in making of satellite imagery, usually raster, useful for mapping as it
explains how the coordinates relates to the imagery. To geo-rectify a map, one identifies points
on the image of the map which correspond to points in a coordinate reference system.
4.0.1.2 DIGITIZING
After geo-rectifying our dataset the next operation will be digitizing. Digitizing is the process
of converting geographic data either from a scanned image into vector data by tracing the
features. We will create various layers to be digitized with the available information in our
datasets we are
4.1 EXPECTED RESULT PRESENTATION
EXPECTED MAP DESIGN/PRODUCTION
All decisions on the basic elements of a map are reached at this stage; such decisions are on the
symbolization, color concept, visual perception, sizes, title, orientation, legend and scale. They
are important because they are the components of the map, which it must bear, and the map is
viewed, as whole composed of these components.
4.2 EXPECTED RESULT DISCUSSION
The result expected to be obtained from this study should satisfy the aim and objectives
of the project. A high quality and updated street guide map of Port Harcourt Township and
Borokiri will be produced through Computer Aided Cartographic processes. The map will be
compared with the existing analogue map of the study area. It is expected that the results
obtained will play essential role in the following areas:
i. Tourism Industry: Despite the fact that the state is inundated with several eye-catching
tourists’ locations and hospitality services, tourism in the state is continuously ebbing. Lack of
up-to-date maps is believed to be one of the major factors contributing to this. The map that will
be produced during this project is expected to improve tourists experience in the area and state in
general as major centres of attractions will be captured.
ii. Transport Services: The expected street map will help to improve the transportation system
in the area to a very large extent, as it would aid navigation within the area through easy
identification of routes and services.
iii. Revenue Collection Services: The information that will be included in the street map will
immensely assist relevant state and local government agencies in planning and executing
elaborate revenue mobilisation schemes which will tackle the challenges of the current system
based on out-of-date and analogue models.
iv. Refuse Collection Services: Waste recycling in the state is at its lowest due to inefficient
refuse collection system. However, through the aid of the expected street map and other
information that will be included in the map produced from this research, relevant waste
management agencies would be able to effectively plan regular, intensive and reliable refuse
collection services.
v. Security: The expected revised and updated street guide map will aid security agencies in the
state in combating crime in the state.
vi. Mail Services: Delivery of mails in the state has largely been restricted to post offices and big
institutions and departments but with the improvement that will be achieved in this research, it is
expected to revitalize house-to-house mail delivery, as delivery routes could easily be planned
from the offices.
vii. Engineering and construction: The street guide map that will be produced at the end of this
project could be used by the Departments of Works in the local and state governments for
planning road rehabilitation projects, urban drainage projects, culverts construction, and water
pipe laying projects.
viii. Road Analysis: From the research work different classes of roads will be identified, when
the map is revised and updated we may discover an increment or decrement in settlements in the
study area which may lead to creation of numerous minor roads, streets and facilities or
dormancy.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE
This project will highlight the benefits of adopting Computer Aided Cartography (satellite
imagery) in street mapping in Rivers State, through the production of an accurate, high quality,
comprehensive and up-to-date street map of Port Harcourt township and Borokiri. The expected
revised and updated map is expected to boost tourism in the state, as well as play vital role in
transportation, hospitality, security, mail delivery, revenue collection, refuse collection, road
analysis and engineering works. The map will be produced in a quick and cost effective way that
underscores the advantages of CAC over the traditional methods currently being employed in the
state. The digitally based map will also grant map makers the flexibility of quick updates and
revisions, and could be used for the generation of application specific maps in a quick and cost
effective way.
REFERERNCES
file:///C:/Users/HP/Downloads/Documents/TS08I_nnam_ekpete_et_al_5621.pdf
https://www.google.com/maps/place/Port+Harcourt,
+Nigeria/@4.760374,7.0233971,14z/data=!4m5!3m4!
1s0x1069cbecf621cd57:0x9c209d41295659c0!8m2!3d4.7385703!4d7.0337141
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_imagery
