Konsep Dasar,
Tahapan dan
Metode
Perancangan
D O N N A I M E L D A , S .T. , M . S I
C H E M I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G D E PA R T M E N T
J AYA B AYA U N I V E R S I T Y
Kompetensi
Memahami konsep dasar
perancangan, tahapan, jenis-
jenis metode perancangan
serta perbedaan tingkat
akurasi
Indikator
Overview Mampu menyebutkan dan
menjelaskan konsep dasar
perancangan, tahapan, jenis-jenis
metode perancangan, perbedaan
dan akurasinya
Materi
Konsep Dasar Perancangan
Tahapan Perancangan
Jenis-Jenis Metode
Perancangan
Reka rupa, rencana atau perancangan
Desain yang bertujuan agar memiliki fungsi,
nilai, dan manfaat bagi manusia
Plant design includes all engineering
aspects involved in the development
of either a new, modified, or
expanded industrial plant. In this
development, the chemical engineer
Plant Design will be making economic evaluations
of new processes, designing
individual pieces of equipment for
the proposed new venture, or
developing a plant layout for
coordination of the overall operation.
Three Types of Project
Chemical engineering projects can be divided into three types, depending on the novelty
involved:
1. Modifications, and additions, to existing plant; usually carried out by the plant design group.
2. New production capacity to meet growing sales demand, and the sale of established processes
by contractors. Repetition of existing designs, with only minor design changes, including designs
of vendor’s or competitor’s processes carried out to understand whether they have a
compellingly better cost of production.
3. New processes, developed from laboratory research, through pilot plant, to a commercial
process. Even here, most of the unit operations and process equipment will use established
designs.
Aspek
Kelayakan
Chemical Plant Design
PROCESS DESIGN PLANT DESIGN
which covers the steps from the initial includingthe detailed mechanical design of
selection of the process to be used, through to equipment, the structural, civil and electrical
the issuing of the process flow-sheets; and design, and the specification and design of the
includes the selection, specification and ancillary services. These activities will be the
chemical engineering design of equipment. In a responsibility of specialist design groups,
typical organization, this phase is the having expertise in the whole range of
responsibility of the Process Design Group, and engineering disciplines. Other specialist groups
the work is mainly done by chemical engineers. will be responsible for cost estimation, and the
The process design group may also be purchase and procurement of equipment and
responsible for the preparation of the piping materials.
and instrumentation diagrams.
▪ Inception
▪ Preliminary evaluation of
economics and market
▪ Development of data necessary
for final design
Tahapan ▪ Final economic evaluation
Perancangan ▪ Detailed engineering design
▪ Procurement
▪ Erection
▪ Startup and trial runs
▪ Production
Process
Raw Material (Unit Product
Operations)
Unit Operation
▪ Fluid flow processes, including fluids transportation, filtration, and solids fluidization.
▪ Heat transfer processes, including evaporation and heat exchange.
▪ Mass transfer processes, including gas absorption, distillation, extraction, adsorption,
and drying.
▪ Thermodynamic processes, including gas liquefaction, and refrigeration.
▪ Mechanical processes, including solids transportation, crushing and pulverization,
and screening and sieving
Tahapan Proses
▪ Tahap Persiapan Bahan Baku
▪ Tahap Pembentukan Produk
▪ Tahap Pemurnian Produk
Tahap Persiapan
Bahan Baku
▪ Pemurnian bahan baku untuk
menghilangkan impurities atau
senyawa-senyawa yang tidak
dibutuhkan
▪ Pengkondisian fase dan atau ukuran
bahan sesuai dengan kebutuhan pada
reaktor
▪ Pengkondisian tekanan dan
temperatur umpan sehingga sesuai
dengan kondisi reaktor
Tahap Pembentukan produk
▪ Terjadi karena ada reaksi kimia antar bahan
▪ Pembentukan terjadi di dalam reaktor
▪ Reaktor harus pada kondisi operasi yang
sesuai agar pembentukan produk bisa terjadi
Tahap Pemurnian
Produk
▪ Memisahkan antara produk dengan
reaktan yang tidak bereaksi atau
dengan produk yang tidak diinginkan
▪ Pemisahan dilakukan menggunakan
alat separasi baik secara mekanis
maupun kimiawi, menggunakan panas
atau tidak menggunakan panas
▪ Reaktan yang tidak bereaksi akan
diumpankan kembali ke reaktor
Jenis-Jenis Desain
PRELIMINARY OR QUICK DETAILED ESTIMATE FIRM PROCESS DESIGNS OR
ESTIMATE DESIGNS DESIGNS DETAIL DESIGNS
▪ Basis for determining whether further work should
be done on the proposed process
PRELIMINARY OR ▪ Base on approximate process methods dan rough
QUICK ESTIMATE cost estimates are prepared
▪ Few detail are included
DESIGNS ▪ Time spent on calculations is kept a minimum
▪ Developed from preliminary design
▪ Cost and profit potential of an established
Detailed Estimate process is determined by detailed analysis and
calculations
Designs ▪ Exact spesifications are not given for the
equipment
▪ Drafting room work is minimized
▪ Project should be a commercial process
▪ Final step before developing construction plans
Firm Process for the plant
▪ Complete specifications are presented for all
Designs or Detail component of the plant
Designs ▪ Accurate cost base on quoted prices obtained
▪ Includes blue print and sufficient information to
permit immediate development of the final plans
for construction the plant
Wrap Up
Thank you
QUESTIONS?
