Nama : Reza Apriliana
NIM : 181810301052
TUGAS VOLUME MOLAR DAN TERMODINAMIKA CAMPURAN
1. The partial molar volumes of acetone (propanone) and chloroform (trichloromethane) in a
mixture in which the mole fraction ofCHCl 3 is 0.4693 are 74.166 cm 3 mol-I and 80.235
cm' mol-I, respectively. What is the volume of a solution of mass 1.000 kg?
Jawab :
Diketahui : N CHCl3 = 0,4693 mol
N CH3COCH3 = (1-0,4693) = 0,5307 mol
Mr CHCl3 = 119,37 g / mol
Mr CH3COCH3 = 58,08 g / mol
Vc = 80.235 cm3 /mol
Vp = 74.166 cm 3/ mol
Berat molekul larutan =
119.37 g 58.08 g
0.4693 mol x + 0.5307 mol x
1mol 1 mol
= 86.843 g/mol
1 mol
1000 g larutan senyawa menjadi 1000 g x = 11.515 mol dari larutan
86.843 g
V = ncVc + npVp
= xcntotalVc + xpntotalVp
= (0.4693)(11.515)(80.235) + (0.5307)(11.515)(74.166)
= 887 cm3
Nb : p = propanon
C = CHCl3
2. At 25°C, the density of a 50 per cent by mass ethanol-water solution is 0.914 g cm-3 . Given
that the partial molar volume of water in the solution is 17.4 cm 1 mol-1 , calculate the partial
molar volume of the ethanol.
Jawab :
A = air
B = etanol
Volume total larutan = V = nAVA + nBVB
Asumsikan kita punya 100 cm3 larutan;
Massa (m) = d x V = (0.914 g/cm3) x (100 cm3)
= 91.4 g
Dengan 45.7 g air dan 45.7 g etanol
45.7 g 45.7 g
100 cm3 = ( ) x (17.4 cm3/mol) + ( )VB
18.02 g /mol 46.07 g/mol
= 44.13 cm3 + 0.9920 mol VB
VB = 56.3 cm3/mol
3. Consider a container of volume 5.0 dm3 that is divided into two compartments of equal size.
In the left compartment there is nitrogen at 1.0 atm and 25°C; in the right compartment there
is hydrogen at the same temperature and pressure. Calculate the entropy and Gibbs energy of
mixing when the partition is removed. Assume that the gases are perfect.
Jawab :
Diketahui : V = 5.0 dm3
P = 1 atm
T = 25°C = 298 K
PV=nRT
1 atm. 5 dm3 = n (0.082 L atm/mol K) . 298K
24,436
n =( )
5
n = 0,2046 mol
Karena kedua gas menempati volume dan suhu yang sama, maka
ntotal = 0.2046 + 0.2046 = 0.4092 mol
T2
∆S = Cv ln ( )
T1
T2
= nR ln ( )
T1
= (0.4092 mol)( 8.314J/molK) ln 2
= 2.36 J/K
∆G = ∆H – TS
∆H = U-Pv
= 0
∆G = ∆H – TS
= 0- (298 K 2.36 J/K)
= 702.6 J
4. Calculate the Gibbs energy, entropy, and enthalpy of mixing when 1.00 mol C6H14 (hexane)
is mixed with 1.00 mol C7HI6 (heptane) at 298 K; treat the solution as ideal.
Jawab :
Diketahui :
n C6H14 = 1 mol
n C7HI6 = 1 mol
T =298 K
n C 6 H 14
X C6H14 = ( )
nC 6 H 14+n C 6 H 16
1 mol
=( )
1mol +1 mol
= 0.5 mol
X C7H16 = 1 – 0.5 mol
= 0.5 mol
∆G mix = nRT (X C6H14 lnX C6H14 + C7H16 ln X C7H16 )
= (1 mol + 1 mol)(8.314J/K/mol)(298 K) [0.5 (ln 0.5) + 0.5 (ln 0.5)]
= -3.43.103J/mol.
∆Smix = -nR(X C6H14 lnX C6H14 + C7H16 ln X C7H16 )
= -(2 mol. 8.314J/K/mol) [0.5 (ln 0.5) + 0.5 (ln 0.5)]
= 11.5 J/K
∆Hmix = ∆G mix + T∆mix S
= 0 J/K
5. What is the S, G, V, H of mixing of 1 mol of oxygen with 3 mol of nitrogen at 25oC,
assuming that they are ideal gases?
Jawab :
n O2 = 1 mol
n N2 = 3 mol
T = 25ᵒC = 298K
n O2
X O2 =( )
nO 2+ n N 2
1 mol
=( )
1mol +3 mol
= 0.25 mol
nN2
X N2 ( )
nO 2+ n N 2
3 mol
=( )
1mol +3 mol
= 0.75 mol
∆G mix = nRT (X O2 lnX O2 + N2 ln X N2 )
= (1 mol + 3 mol)(8.314J/K/mol)(298 K) [0.25 (ln 0.25) + 0.75 (ln 0.75)]
= (4 mol )(8.314J/K/mol)(298 K) (-0.562)
= - 5,569.58 J
∆Smix = -nR(X O2 lnX O2 + N2 ln X N2 )
= (1 mol + 3 mol)(8.314J/K/mol) [0.25 (ln 0.25) + 0.75 (ln 0.75)]
= 18.68 J/K
∆Hmix = ∆G mix + T∆mix S
= 0 J/K
Clausius Clapeyron
1. Liquid mercury has a density of 13,690 g cm-3, and solid mercury has a density of 14,193 g
cm-3, both being measured at the melting point, -38,87 C, at 1 bar pressure. The heat of
fusion is 9,75 J g-1 . Calculate the melting points of mercury under a pressure of (a) 10 bar
and (b) 3540 bar. The observed melting point under 3540 bar is -19,9oC.
Jawab :
Diketahui :
p merkuri cair = 13,690 g cm-3
p merkuri padat = 14,193 g cm-3
T lebur = -38,87 = 234.3 K
P = 1 bar
Qfus = 9,75 J/ g
ΔfusH Hg = 1,95 kJ/mol = 1950 J/mol
∆ fus H
a. P ͌ P* + ( ) ln ¿
∆ fusV
9,75 J /g
106 Pa≈ 105 Pa + ln ¿
1,413mol /m3
ln ¿ ≈ 9.105Pa – 6,9 J/mol.g/m3
¿ ≈ e9.105Pa – 6,9 J/mol.g/m3
¿ ≈ 2446.000 Pa – 18,756 J/mol gm3
T* ≈ 9,572 K
T* ≈ -263,43 ᵒC
∆ fus H
b. P ≈ P* + ( ) ln ¿
∆ fusV
9,75 J /g
3540.105 Pa≈ 105 Pa + ln ¿
1,413mol /m3
3540.105 Pa≈ 3540-10.105 Pa – 6,9 J/mol.g/m3
ln ¿ ≈ 3540-10.105 Pa – 6,9 J/mol.g/m3
¿ ≈ e3540-10.105 Pa – 6,9 J/mol.g/m3
¿ ≈ 961998981,24
T* ≈ 2,630 K
T* ≈ -270,37 ᵒC
2. What pressure is necessary to change the boiling point of water from its 1,00 atm value of
100°C (373 K) to 97°C (370 K)? The heat of vaporization of water is 40,7 kJ/mol. The
density of liquid water at 100°C is 0,958 g/mL and the density of steam is 0,5983 g/L. You
will have to use the relationship 101,32 J= 1 L.atm.
Jawab :
Diketahui : ∆T = (373 K) - (370 K)
Panas penguapan air adalah 40,7 kJ / mol.
Kepadatan air cair pada 100 ° C adalah 0,958 g / mL
densitas uap 0,5983 g / L.
101,32 J = 1 L.atm.
Ditanya :P apa yang diperlukan untuk mengubah titik didih air dari nilai 100 atm ?
P2 ∆ Hvap 1 1
ln = [ − ]
P1 R T2 T2
P2 401,302 Latm/mol 1 1
ln = [ − ]
1atm 0,082 Latm/ Kmol 373 K 370 K
P2
ln = 4.893,926/K[0,00268/K – 0,00270/K]
1atm
P2
ln = 4.893,926/K[-0,00002/K
1atm
P2
ln = (-0,0979)
1atm
P2
= e(-0,0979)
1atm
P2
= 0,9067
1atm
p 2=0,9067 atm
3. All liquids have characteristic vapor pressures that vary with temperature. The characteristic
vapor pressure for pure water at 22,0°C is 19,827 mmHg and at 30,0°C is 31,824 mmHg. Use
these data to calculate the change in enthalpy per mole for the vaporization process.
Jawab :
P2 ∆ Hvap 1 1
ln = [ − ]
P1 R T2 T2
4.242,85 kPa ∆ Hvap 1 1
ln = [ − ]
2.643,382kPa 8,314 x 10−3 kJ /Kmol 295 K 303 K
3,934 X 10−3 kJ / Kmol
= 0,00008/ K
∆ Hvap
3,934 X 10−3 kJ / Kmol
∆ Hvap=¿
0,00008/ K
= 49,175 Kj/mol
