Ericsson

microwave transport neTWORK

Mohamed maher
30 march 2011
 INDEX
Slide title
pt

Text › INTRODUCTION ABOUT TRANSPORT NETWORKS

pt

5
› MICROWAVE TRANSPORT DESIGN
pt
› TEMS – MICROWAVE PLANNING TOOL
› ERICSSON MICROWAVE MINI-LINK PORTFOLIO
› ERICSSON MINI-LINK TN
› ERICSSON MARCONI LH

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 2

TRANSPORT NETWORKS

iNTRODUCTION
 What is a transport network?
Slide title
pt

› Transport Network
Text
pt – The network that carries
communication & information signals
5
pt from one place to another
BSC/RNC

MOBILE TRANSPORT
FROM HOP TO NETWORK

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 4

 TRANSport NEtwork TYPES
Slide title
pt

Text
pt

5
pt

WHAT TYPE TO USE TO

TRANSMIT TRAFFIC?

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 5

Microwave TRANSPORT
 Microwave transport
Slide title
pt

Text
› WHY MICROWAVE?
pt
› MICROWAVE PATH PLANNING CRITERIA
5
pt
› MICROWAVE PROPAGATION

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 7

 Why Microwave?
Slide title
pt

Text
pt MICROWAVE - Capacities for LTE MORE THAN 60% of all mobile traffic
and beyond connected via Microwave
5
pt

Be First, Profitable & Future Proof – Lowest Capacity Costs with

Use Microwave Microwave

Most competitive choice for

Flexible and speedy network roll out
capacities up to 1 Gbps

Reduced investments & operational 50 % lower opex compared to leased

costs fiber

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 8

 Mobile backhaul costs 2010
Slide title
pt

Text › Lowest capacity costs with

pt
Microwave
5
pt
› 50 % lower OPEX with
Microwave compared to
leased Fiber

Mobile backhaul costs 2010

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 9

Microwave Path Planning

Planning Criteria
Slide title
pt Microwave Path Planning
Text
pt

5
pt

Careful path planning is necessary to ensure high performance and availability

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 11

 BEFORE Designing a MICROWAVE Link...
Slide title
pt

Text
pt
At what data rate must we send? How high must the antenna be?
5
pt

How big must the antenna be? What power level will we receive?

How big are the losses? What frequency will we use?

How good will the performance be? What should the transmit power be?

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 12

 Microwave Path Planning CRITERIA
Slide title
pt

Text
› Topographical Feasibility › Frequency Planning
pt – Survey – Frequency Pattern
5 – Path Profile – Channel Allocation
pt
– K-factor – Interference
– Antenna heights – Antenna type

› Performance & Availability

– Quality
– Availability
– Link budget
– Radio System Configuration

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 13

Microwave Propagation

oVERVIEW
Topographical Feasibility
Slide title
pt MICROWAVE PATH
Fresnel Zone
Text
pt

5 Fz
pt

Clearance in excess of the

Earth Bulge & Obstacle h
Height

Antenna Height
Obstacle Height

Earth Bulge
© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 16
 Propagation Path Types
Slide title
pt

Text
› Critical Path
pt › High reflective flat surfaces
5 › Water Bodies (like lakes, big rivers, open sea), Salt lakes
pt
› Deserts, especially when the desert meets the sea

› Uncritical Path
› Rough surfaces with vegetation and/or construction
› Hilly terrain in continental temperate climates
› Very rough and mountainous terrain with dry climates

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 17

 Path profile
Slide title
pt

350
Text
340
pt
330

5 320

pt 310

300
E le v a tio n ( m )

290

280

270

260

250

240

230

220
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
P a th le n g th ( 3 2 .7 1 km )
R U M O D A U D A F r e q u e n c y ( M H z ) = 7 5 0 0 .0 J IB E R U
L a titu d e 0 9 4 6 0 5 .9 9 N K = 1 .3 3 L a titu d e 0 9 3 0 0 5 .0 0 N
L o n g itu d e 0 1 2 4 2 3 2 .0 0 E % F 1 = 1 0 0 .0 0 , 6 0 .0 0 L o n g itu d e 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 .0 2 E
A z im u th 2 0 5 .5 2 ° A z im u th 2 5 .4 9 °
E le va tio n 2 3 4 m A S L E le va tio n 2 3 1 m A S L
A n te n n a C L 1 0 0 .0 , 9 0 .0 m A G L A n te n n a C L 1 0 0 .0 , 9 0 .0 m A G L

A pr 08 04

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 18

 Earth bulge
Slide title
pt

Text
› Earth bulge due to spherical earth
pt – Earth bulge [m] =hop length [km]²/51
5 – Depends on hop length
pt
› can be neglected for hops < 5-10km only
(typically for high frequencies > 20GHz)
› Modification of real Earth radius by
effective Earth radius factor k
› k = 1.33 for standard atmosphere
› Effective Earth radius = real Earth radius * k

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 19

Slide title
pt Fresnel zone
Text
› Fresnel Zone
pt – When a microwave signal is sent it travels
5 from the transmit end to the receive end
pt the signals take the form of an ellipsoid
– The size of the ellipsoid is biggest at the
center of the LOS
› Any obstruction in the Fresnel Zone
will reflect the signal and distort the
main signal
› The height of the LOS should be high
enough to not permit any obstructions
to enter the Fresnel Zone

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 20

PERformance & AVailability
 SIGNAL FADING
Slide title
pt

Text
› Fading can occur due to › Types of Fading are
pt – Refractions – Multi-path Fading
5 – Reflections – Frequency Selective Fading
pt
– Atmospheric fluctuations – Rain Fading

The phenomenon of the attenuation of a signal due to atmospheric and

propagation conditions is called fading

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 22

 Multi-path Fading
Slide title
pt

Text Transmitter
pt
Direct Beam
5 Receiver
pt

Reflected
Beam

Space Diversity Radio Configuration is used to counter Multi-path Fading

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 23

 Frequency Selective Fading
Slide title
pt

Text › Due to Atmospheric fluctuations

pt
different frequencies undergo different
5 attenuation levels
pt
› The occurrence of frequency selective
fading is sporadic and not a regular
occurrence

Frequency Diversity Radio Configuration is used to counter Frequency Selective Fading

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 24

 RAIN Fading
Slide title
pt

Text Rain fading is the attenuation caused to the signals due to water droplets
pt

5 › Rain fading occurs at frequencies above 10 GHz only

pt
› Horizontal Polarization is more prone to Rain Fades as the wavelength
matches the size of the droplet
› Rain fading is the main limiting factor above frequencies of 38GHz

Space Diversity Radio Configuration is used to counter Rain Fading

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 25

 FREE SPACE LOSS
Slide title
pt

Text
› FSL=92.4+20 log10(f)+20 log10(d)
pt – FSL is in dB
5 – f is frequency in GHz
pt
– d is distance in Km

› The FSL has to be compensated for

by increasing the ERP of the
transmitter so as to have adequate
signal at the receiver

FSL is the attenuation caused to the signal as it travels through free space

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 26

 LINK BUDGET
Slide title
pt

Text
› Prx = Ptx+ Gtx+ Grx- FSL
pt – Prx is the power received
5 – Ptx is the transmitted power
pt
– Gtx is Gain of transmit Antenna
– Grx is Gain of receive Antenna
– FSL is free space loss.
› Fade Margin = Prx - Receiver Sensitivity (@BER 10-6)
› Receiver Sensitivity
– It is the minimum quantity of the received signal that must be available at the
demodulator for it to demodulate the signal in a stable manner

The Link Budget is the sum of all the losses and the gains in a system

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 27

 Availability
Slide title
pt

Text
› Availability is the % quantity of time the system is functioning normally
pt

5 › Availability is the measure of system reliability

pt

› It takes into account the total time the system is unavailable due to the
atmospheric conditions and due to hardware failures

› An outage > 10 consecutive seconds is defined as Unavailability

› System becomes unavailable for following reasons

– Person made fault
– Unavoidable or non-person made fault like hardware failure
– Due to Atmospheric conditions
© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 28
 PERFORMANCE (Quality)
Slide title
pt

Text
› Error Performance
pt – We refer to error performance when outage < 10 consecutive seconds
5 – mainly caused by multipath propagation
pt
– can only be calculated whilst hop availability
– Objectives for Errored seconds ratio ESR, severely errored seconds
ratio (SESR) defined in ITU-R F.1668

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 29

 Radio system configuration
Slide title
pt

Text
› 1+0 Configuration
pt – No Protection in case of
5 link failure
pt

Radio Terminal configured as 1+0

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 30

 Radio system configuration
Slide title
pt

Text
› Hot Standby
pt – One radio channel
5 – One active transmitter
pt
– Two receivers
– One receiver selected as active
› Working Standby:
– Two radio channels
– Two active transmitters
– Two receivers
– One receiver selected as active
– Frequency diversity

Radio Terminal configured with protection (1+1)

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 31
 Radio system configuration
Slide title
pt

Text
› Hot Standby
pt – One frequency
5 – One active transmitter
pt
– Two receivers
– One receiver selected as active
› With two receiver antennas
we have space diversity

Radio Terminal configured as 1+1 Hot Standby with space diversity

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 32

Frequency planning
 Antenna characteristics
Slide title
pt

› We use parabolic antennas › Polarization

Text
pt
– High directivity – Vertical and horizontal polarization
– Good performances › Different polarizations are used to reduce
5
pt – Easy installation interference between neighboring paths
– Reliable construction that are using the same or adjacent
frequencies
› Antenna Types: › Both H and V polarizations are used to
– Standard allow frequency channels reuse taking
– High Performance advantage of the polarization
› Reduced side lobes to reduce discrimination of the antennas
the risk of interference between › G=17.5+20 log 10(f)+20 log 10(d)
close by paths – G=antenna gain, d = diameter, f = frequency

The antenna is a device which converts the electrical signal into

the electromagnetic waves that propagate through free space
© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 34
 Channel Spacing and Bandwidth
Slide title
pt

Text 2x2 Mbit/s – QPSK (3.5 MHz)

pt

5
pt

8X2 Mbit/s – 16 QAM (7 MHz)

17X2 Mbit/s – 16 QAM (14 MHz)

32X2 Mbit/s 16 QAM (28 MHz)

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 35

 Modulation techniques
Slide title
pt

Text
› Each symbol is represented by a
pt combination of carrier phase and
5 amplitude
pt

› Low modulation order:

– long hops, good resistance to disturbances
– fairly uncomplicated technique

› High modulation order:

– high traffic capacity per bandwidth/channel
spacing

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 36

Slide title
pt Interference
Text
› Far Interference in Microwave Networks
pt – An interfering signal originates from a transmitter
5 other than the one generating the carrier
pt – The presence of interfering signal(s) will degrade
the threshold level of the receiver and thereby
degrade the fading margin
– An interfering signal can be the same or an
adjacent frequency to the wanted signal, the
carrier

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 37

Slide title
pt SUBBAND allocation
Text
› TX frequency of one end must be same
pt of RX frequency of the other end to
5 maintain the duplex distance
pt

› Frequency range between TX and RX

frequency is called duplex distance

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 38

Slide title
pt High/low violation
Text
pt

5
pt

High/Low violation must be avoided during frequency planning

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 39

 FAR INTERFERENCE EXAMPLES
Slide title
pt

Text
pt ANTENNA POLARIZATION
5
pt

CO-POLARIZATION
INTERFERENCE

CROSS-POLARIZATION
INTERFERENCE

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 40

TEMS Link Planner

path planning Tool

 TEMS Link Planner
Slide title
pt

Text › TEMS Link Planner is an advanced

pt design tool dedicated for microwave
5
pt
transmission link planning, for both
Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint
networks
› By using this TEMS Link Planner,
transmission engineers can plan a
cost effective network that meets the
desired quality and availability
targets

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 42

Slide title
pt Planning a link with TEMS
Text
pt

5
pt

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 43

Ericsson mini-link

overview
 WHY Ericsson & MINI-LINK?
Slide title
pt

Text
pt
Ericsson - The market leader Handling the IP network evolution
5
pt

Reliable Partner with Technology Network cost saver

edge Easy capacity upgrades

Market leading on High Capacity

Integrated Ethernet switching
Microwave

Speed to Revenue Cost-effective Capacity

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 45

 Product PORTFOLIO - MINI Link
Slide title
pt

Mini-link TN
Mini-link CN
Text A modular solution
Compact solutions
pt for evolving networks
for microwave & fiber transport
5
pt

All-outdoor Mini-link LH
Common outdoor units
solutions THE ethernet trunk radio
Radio and antenna

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 46

Ericsson mini-link TN

Product overview
 Ericsson Mini-link TN
Slide title
pt

Text
› FUNCTIONALITIES
pt
› OUTDOOR UNITS
5
pt
› INDOOR UNITS AND PLUG-IN UNITS

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 48

Ericsson mini-link TN

functionalities
Slide title
pt Advanced Integrated Traffic Handling
Text
› ATM › PDH
pt – Capacities: – Traffic cross connect on E1 level
5 › 96 E1’s
pt
› 16 ATM interfaces
› SDH
– Traffic aggregation:
– Cross connect on VC4, VC3 and VC12 level
› Policing
– SDH ring with ADM of 21xE1
› VP/VC cross connect
› Shaping

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 50

Slide title
pt High performance Radio Link
› Ethernet:
Text
pt – Up to 1 Gbps*
5
› Over one antenna and one frequency channel using XPIC
pt – Up to 500 Mbps*
› Over one radio

› PDH:
– Up to 2 x 80 E1s
› Over one antenna and one frequency channel using XPIC
› SDH:
– Up to 2 STM1s
› Over one antenna and one frequency channel using XPIC

* the stated Ethernet capacity figure is based on maximum line interface capacity

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 51

Slide title
pt Advanced Integrated Traffic Handling
Text
pt › Ethernet:
– Integrated non blocking Ethernet L2 switch:
5
pt › VLAN switching (Q bridge)
› Provider bridge
– L1 Radio link bonding

› QoS with Priority Queuing

– 8 priority levels
– QoS for Ethernet, IP and MPLS
– Carrier Grade QoS, with Policing, SP, WFQ &
WRED

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 52

 Extensive protection for carrier class
equipment
Slide title
pt

Text › Highly reliable system architecture › Microwave propagation protection

pt
– Separate traffic and control system – Hitless Hot/Working standby
5 (1+1 protection)
pt
– Hot swap
– Minimized need for cabling and
interfaces

› Equipment and line protection › Network protection

– Redundant plug-in boards – SNCP
– Redundant power – RSTP
– MSTP
– Redundant buses
– Microwave 1+1 protection
– SDH protection

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 53

Ericsson mini-link TN

Outdoor units
 High Power RadioS
Slide title
pt

Text Enhanced performance on

pt transmission powers
5
pt
Increased hop length

All modulation schemes

Increased capacity due to higher

modulation

Compact Radio Case

Easier and quicker installation

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 55

Slide title
pt MINI-LINK Radio Frequencies
Text
pt

5
pt

FREQUENCIES FROM
6 GHZ UP TO 70/80 GHZ
© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 56
 MICROWAVE ANTENNAS
Slide title
pt

Text Integrated installation - Reduced cost

pt

5
pt No flexible waveguide losses
Reduced output power

Robust
Reduced maintenance costs

Single or Dual polarized antennas

Perfect in combination with XPIC

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 57

Slide title
pt MINI-LINK TN ANTENNA Frequencies
Text
pt

5
pt

DISH SIZES FROM FREQUENCIES FROM

0.2M UP 4.6M 4 GHZ UP TO 70/80 GHZ
© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 58
Ericsson mini-link TN

Indoor units and plug-in units

Slide title
Mini-link TN Indoor units
pt Access module magazines

Text PDH bus, with traffic cross connect

pt capabilities
5
pt Separate High speed buses for SDH
& Ethernet

Separate control bus

Separate power capable of

redundancy

Separated PDH, SDH, Ethernet and

ATM traffic

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 60

Slide title
MINI-LINK TN plug-in units
pt Node Processor Unit (NPU)

Text › Mandatory plug-in card

pt NPU1 B

5
pt › Centralized node processor:
– OSPF router for DCN network NPU1 C
– SNMP Master Agent
– Configuration data stored in RMM
– USB port for LCT connection
– DCN Connection NPU3

NPU3 B

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 61

 Mini-link TN PLUG-IN units
MODEM Units (MMU’s)
Slide title
pt

C-QPSK 16 QAM C-QPSK 4 QAM 16 QAM 64 QAM 128 QAM 256 QAM 512 QAM 16/64/128 QAM
Text
2x2 - 17x2 8x2 - 32x2 Mbps 8-33 10 – 93 20 – 180 30 - 285 Mbps 35 – 326 75 - 369 95 - 405 155 Mbps
pt Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps
Mbps

5
PDH modems Native
Ethernet andEthernet and Native PDH modems
PDH modems SDH modems
pt

MMU2 B MMU2 D MMU2 E

MMU2 H MMU2 F
MMU2 C
with XPIC and Adaptive Modulation With XPIC

› Capacity and modulation agile modems

optimized for Ethernet, PDH & SDH transport

› MINI-LINK TN handles Ethernet over any of these modems

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 62

MArconi LH

Product OVerview
 MARCONI LH
Slide title
pt

Text MARCONI LH Equipment

pt

5
pt

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 64

Slide title
pt Marconi LH Radio Frequencies
Text
pt

5
pt

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 65

 WHY ERICSSON & MARCONI LH?
Slide title
pt

Text
pt Long hop lengths due to high Market leading reliability
system gain & Diversity No single point of failure
5
pt

Highest transmission capacity End to end service portfolio –

Best in class spectrum efficiency from planning to operation

No restriction in the channel

Minimized spare-part handling
arrangement

Less investment and operating costs Best in class low power

small footprint consumption

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 66

 MArconi LH - Typical Applications
Backhaul and high capacity networks
Slide title
pt

Text
› Mobile and fixed backhaul
pt
– Used for the Metro network
5 – Connecting the access transport network to the Core network
pt
› TV Broadcasting
– Used for broadcasting backhaul
– Complete Digital Terrestrial TV distribution solution available from Ericsson
› Communication networks
– Internal communications, video surveillance and control data
– For utility, defense, transportation industries
› Fiber Complement and Backup

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 67

Slide title
pt WinFF – Marconi LH Planning Tool
Text
pt

5
pt

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 68

Slide title
pt

Text
pt

5
pt

© Ericsson AB 2011 | March 2011 | Page 69