. . 4844891 0588044 TT1 . .

NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
INTERNATIONAL 156
Deuxieme edition
STANDARD Second edition
1995-Q7

lsolants liquides-
Determination de Ia tension de claquage
afrequence industrielle -
Methode d'essai

Insulating liquids -
Determination of the breakdown voltage
at power frequency-
Test method

-. )

Numero de reference
Reference number
CEI/IEC 156: 1995

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Wed Oct 24 13:47:10 2007
 . . 4844891 0588045 938 . .

Validite de Ia presente publication Validity of this publication

Le contenu technique des publications de Ia CEI est cons- The technical content of IEC publications is kept under
tamment revu par Ia CEI afin qu'il rem~te l'etat actuel de constant review by the IEC, thus ensuring that the content
Ia technique. reflects current technology.

Des renseignements relatifs a Ia date de reconfirmation de Information relating to the date of the reconfirmation of
Ia publication sont disponibles aupres du Bureau Central the publication is available from the IEC Central Office.
de Ia CEI.

Les renseignements relatifs a ces revisions. a I' etablis- Information on the revision work, the issue of revised
sement des editions revisees et aux amendements peuvent editions and amendments may be obtained from IEC
etre obtenus aupres des Comites nationaux de Ia CEI et National Committees and from the following IEC sources:
dans les documents ci-dessous:

• Bulletin de Ia CEI • IEC Bulletin

• Annualre de Ia CEI • IEC Yearbook
Publie annuellement Published yearly
• Catalogue des publications de Ia CEI • Catalogue of IEC publications
Publie annuellement et mis ?I jour regulierement Published yearly with regular updates

Terminologie Terminology
En ce qui concerne Ia terminologie generale, le lecteur se For general terminology, readers are referred to IEC 50:
reporters a Ia CEI 50: Vocobulaire Elecrrotechnique /mer- Internorionol Elec1rotechnical Vocabulary (lEV), which
national (VEl), qui se pn!sente sous forme de chapitres is issued in the form of separate chapters each dealing
separes traitant chacun d 'un sujet detini. Des details with a specific field. Full details of the lEV will be
complets sur Ie VEl peuvent etre obtenus sur demande. supplied on request. See also the IEC Multilingual
Voir egalement le dictionnaire multilingue de Ia CEI. Dictionary.

Les termes et definitions figurant dans Ia presente publi- The terms and definitions contained in the present publi-
cation ont ete soit tires du VEl, soit specifiquement cation have either been taken from the lEV or have been
approuves aux fins de cette publication. specifically approved for the purpose of this publication.

Symboles graphiques et litu!raux Graphical and letter symbols

Pour les symboles graphiques, les symboles litteraux et les For graphical symbols, and letter symbols and signs
signes d'usage general approuves par Ia CEI. Ie lecteur approved by the IEC for general use, readers are referred
consulters: to publications:

- Ia CEI 27: Symboles lim!raux a utiliser en electro- IEC 27: Leuer symbols ro be used in electrical
technique; technology;

- Ia CEI 417: Symboles graphiques utilisables sur /e IEC 417: Graphical symbols for use on equip-
materiel. Index, releve et compilation des feuilles ment. Index, survey and compilation of the single
individuelles; sheets;

- Ia CEI 617: Symboles graphiques pour schemas; IEC 617: Graphical symbols for diagrams;

et pour les appareils electromedicaux. and for medical electrical equipment,

- Ia CEI 878: Symboles graphiques pour equipements IEC 878: Graphical symbols for electromedical
electriques en pratique medica/e. equipment in medical practice.

Les symboles et signes contenus dans Ia presente publi- The symbols and signs contained in the present publi-
cation ont ete so it tires de la CEI 27, de la CEI 417. de cation have either been taken from IEC 27, IEC 417,
la CEI 617 et/ou de Ia CEI 878. soit specifiquement IEC 617 and/or IEC 878, or have been specifically appro-
approuves aux fins de cette publication. ved for the purpose of this publication.

Publications de Ia CEI etablies par le meme IEC publications prepared by the same
comite d'etudes technical committee
L 'attention du lecteur est attiree sur les listes figurant a Ia The attention of readers is drawn to the end pages of this
fin de cette publication, qui enumerent les publications de publication which list the IEC publications issued by
Ia CEI preparees par le comite d'etudes qui a etabli La the technical committee which has prepared the present
presente publication. publication.

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 II 4844891 0588046 874 II

NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
INTERNATIONAL 156
Deuxieme edition
STANDARD Second edition
1995-07

lsolants liquides-
Determination de Ia tension de claquage
a frequence industrielle -
Methode d'essai

Insulating liquids-
Determination of the breakdown voltage
at power frequency -
Test method

© CEI 1995 Droits de reproduction reserves- Copyright - all rights reserved

Aucune partie de oetle publicatiOn ne peut irtre reprodute n1 No part of this publleat"'" may be reproduced 0< uti<Zed on
uttlls8e sous quelque forme que oe sort et par aucun Pfo- any form or by any fT"'eeans, electronic or mechaniCal,
c8d8, itlec1ro01que OtJ mecan~que, 'f 00~ Ia photooopte et ncluchng photocopying and mteroftlm, without permsstOn
ies rrucrof,lms. sans I aocord &cnt de I 8chteur .... wr•hng from the pubhsher

Bureau Central de Ia Commission Electroteclmique lntemationale 3, rue de Varembe Geneva, Suisse

II
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PRICE CODE L
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-2- 156 © CEI:1995

SOMMAIRE

Pages

AVANT-PROPOS ............................................................................................................................. 4

INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 6
Articles
(

1 Domaine d'application ..................... :........................................................................................ 8

2 References normatives ............................................................................................................. 8

3 Appareillage electrique ............................................................................................................. 8

3.1 Regulateur de tension ....................................................................................................... 8

3.2 Transformateur elevateur ................................................................................................. 10

3.3 Resistances de limitation de courant ................................................................................ 10

3.4 Disjoncteur ........................................................................................................................ 10

3.5 Disposi~if de mesurage ..................................................................................................... 12

4 Dispositif d'essai ....................................................................................................................... 12

4.1 Cellule d'essai ................................................................................................................... 12

4.2 Electrodes ......................................................................................................................... 12

4.3 Agitation (facultative) ......................................................................................................... 14

5 Preparation des electrodes ....................................................................................................... 14

6 Preparation du dispositif d'essai ............................................................................................... 14

7 Echantillonnage ........................................................................................................................ 16

7.1 Recipient d'echantillonnage .............................................................................................. 16

7.2 Technique d'echantillonnage ............................................................................................ 16

8 Etat de l'echantillon ................................................................................................................... 16

9 Mode operatoire ........................................................................................................................ 16

9.1 Preparation de l'echantillon ............................................................................................... 16

9.2 Remplissage de Ia cellule ................................................................................................. 18

9.3 Application de Ia tension ................................................................................................... 18

10 Rapport ..................................................................................................................................... 18

11 Dispersion des resultats ........................................................................................................... 18

Figures .............................................................................................................................................. 20

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156 © IEC:1995 -3-

CONTENTS

Page

FOREWORD................................................................................................................................... 5

• INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................. 7

Clause

Scope....................................................................................................................................... 9

2 Normative references ............ .... ..... .................. ... ..................... ............... ............. ... ................ 9

3 Electrical apparatus ............. .... ............ ................. .... .......... ... ................. ...... ......... ... ............... 9

3.1 Voltage regulator.............................................................................................................. 9

3.2 Step-up transformer......................................................................................................... 11

3.3 Current-limiting resistors.................................................................................................. 11

3.4 Switching system.............................................................................................................. 11

3.5 Measuring device .... .............. ............................. ..................................... ............... .......... 13

4 Testassembly.......................................................................................................................... 13

4.1 Test cell............................................................................................................................ 13

4.2 Electrodes........................................................................................................................ 13

4.3 Stirring (optional).............................................................................................................. 15

5 Preparation of electrodes......................................................................................................... 15

6 Test assembly preparation....................................................................................................... 15

7 Sampling ........ .. .. ......... .. ..... ........... .... ......... ............ .................. ........ ... ........ .. .... ............ ... .. ...... 17

7.1 Sample containers ... .. ... ................. .............. .... ............. ................ ................. .................. 17

7.2 Sampling technique.......................................................................................................... 17

8 Condition of the sample........................................................................................................... 17

9 Test procedure......................................................................................................................... 17

9.1 Sam pie preparation .. .. .. ... ... ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. . 17

9.2 Filling of the cell................................................................................................................ 19

9.3 Application of voltage....................................................................................................... 19

10 Report...................................................................................................................................... 19

11 Test data dispersion................................................................................................................. 19

Figures............................................................................................................................................. 20

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156 © IEC:1995 -5-

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

INSULATING LIQUIDS- DETERMINATION OF

THE BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE AT POWER FREQUENCY-

TEST METHOD

FOREWORD

1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international cooperation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two
organizations.

2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by technical committees on which
all the National Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with.

3) They have the form of recommendations for international use published in the form of standards, technical
reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.

4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
International Standard IEC 156 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 10: Fluids for
electrotechnical applications.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1963 and constitutes a
technical revision.

The text of this standard is based on the following documents:

DIS Report on voting

10/338/DIS 10/346/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.

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156 © IEC:1995 -7-

INTRODUCTION

As normally applied, breakdown voltage of Insulating liquids is not a basic material property but
an empirical test procedure intended to indicate the presence of contaminants such as water
and solid suspended matter, and the advisability of carrying out drying and filtration treatment.

The breakdown voltage value of insulating liquids strongly depends on the particular set of
conditions used in its measurement. Therefore, standardized testing procedures and equip-
ment are essential for the unambiguous interpretation of test results .
•
The method described in this International Standard applies to either acceptance tests on new
deliveries of insulating liquids, or testing of treated liquids prior to or during filling into electrical
equipment, or to the monitoring and maintenance of oil-filled apparatus in service. It specifies
rigorous sample-handling procedures and temperature control that should be adhered to when
certified results are required. For routine tests, especially in the field, less stringent procedures
may be practicable and it is the responsibility of the user to determine their effect on the
results.

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INSULATING LIQUIDS- DETERMINATION OF

THE BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE AT POWER FREQUENCY-

TEST METHOD

1 Scope

• This International Standard specifies the method for determining the dielectric breakdown
voltage of insulating liquids at power frequency. The test portion, contained in a specified
apparatus, is subjected to an increasing a.c. electrical field by means of a constant rate of
voltage rise until breakdown occurs.

The method applies to all types of insulating liquids of nominal viscosity up to 350 mm2s-1 at
40 oc. It is appropriate both for acceptance testing on unused liquids at the time of their
delivery and for establishing the condition of samples taken in monitoring and maintenance of
equipment.

2 Normative references

The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions
indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to
agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility
of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members of
IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 52: 1960, Recommendations for voltage measurement by means of sphere-gaps (one
sphere earthed)
IEC 60, High-voltage test techniques
IEC 475: 1974, Method of sampling liquid dielectrics

3 Electrical apparatus

The electrical apparatus consists of the following units:

a) Voltage regulator
b) Step-up transformer
c) Switching system
d) Energy limiting devices

Two or more of these units may be integrated in any equipment system.

3.1 Voltage regulator

Uniform increase of voltage with time by manual means is difficult and, for this reason,
automatic control is essential.

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156 © IEC:1995 - 11-

Voltage control may be achieved by one of the following methods:

a) Variable ratio auto-transformer

b) Electronic regulator
c) Generator-field regulation
d) Induction regulator
e) Resistive type voltage divider

3.2 Step-up transformer

The test voltage is obtained by using a step-up transformer supplied from an a.c. (48 Hz to 62
Hz) voltage source whose value is gradually increased. The controls of the variable low-voltage
source shall be capable of varying the test voltage smoothly, uniformly and without overshoots
or transients. Incremental increases (produced, for example, by a variable auto-transformer)
shall not exceed 2 % of the expected breakdown voltage.

The voltage applied to the electrodes of the liquid-filled cell shall have an approximately
sinusoidal waveform, such that the peak factor is within the following limits: 1,41 ± 0,07.

The centre-point of the secondary winding of the transformer should be connected to earth.

3.3 Current-limiting resistors

To protect the equipment and to avoid excessive decomposition of the liquid at the instant of
breakdown, a resistance limiting the breakdown current may be inserted in series with the test
cell.

The short-circuit current of the transformer and associated circuits shall be within the range of
10 rnA to 25 rnA for all voltages higher than 15 kV. This may be achieved by a combination of
resistors in either or both the primary and secondary circuits of the high- voltage transformer.

3.4 Switching system

3.4.1 Basic requirements

The circuit shall be opened automatically if an established arc occurs. The primary circuit of the
step-up transformer shall be fitted with a circuit-breaker operated by the current resulting from
the breakdown of the sample, and shall break the voltage within 10 ms. The circuit may be
opened manually if a transient spark (audible or visible) occurs between the electrodes.

NOTE -The sensitivity of the current-sensing element depends on the energy-limiting device employed and
only approximate guidance can be given. Normally, triggering of cut·off by a current of 4 rnA maintained for
5 ms is acceptable, while fast energy-limiting (see 3.4.2) triggering by a transient current of 1 A maintained
for 1 JJS has been found satisfactory.

3.4.2 Special requirements for silicone liquids

Silicone liquids can give rise to solid decomposition products through the action of electric
discharges, which may cause gross errors in the observed [esults. In such cases, all feasible
steps shall be taken to minimize the energy available for dissipation in the breakdown
discharge.

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Whilst current limiting as above, combined with isolation of the step-up transformer primary
within 10 ms, is adequate for hydrocarbons. More satisfactory performance for silicone liquids
is obtained by short circuiting of the primary circuit of the transformer by a low-impedance or by
use of a low-voltage device for detection of breakdown acting within a few microseconds. This
device may be of either analogue (for example, modulating amplifier) or switching (for example,
thyristor) type. By the use of this device, the output voltage of the step-up transformer shall be
reduced to zero within 1 ms of detection of breakdown, and shall not thereafter increase again
until the next step of the test sequence is commenced.

3.5 Measuring device

For the purpose of this standard, the magnitude of the test voltage is defined as its peak value
divided by J2.
This voltage may be measured by means of a peak-voltmeter or by means of another type of
voltmeter connected to the input or output side of the testing transformer, or to a special
winding provided thereon; the instrument then used shall be calibrated against a standard up to
the full voltage which it is desired to measure.

A method of calibration which has been found satisfactory is the use of a transfer standard.
This is an auxiliary measuring device which is connected in place of the test cell between the
high-voltage terminals to which it presents the same impedance as the filled test cell. The
auxiliary device is separately calibrated against a primary standard, for example, a sphere gap
in accordance with IEC 52 (see also IEC 60).

4 Test assembly

4.1 Test cell

The volume of the cell shall be between 350 ml and 600 mi.

The cell shall be made of material that is electrically insulating, transparent and chemically
inert, resistant to the insulating liquid and the cleaning agents which may be used.

The cell shall be provided with a cover and shall be designed to permit easy removal of the
electrodes for cleaning and maintenance.

Examples of suitable cell designs are given in figures 1 and 2.

4.2 Electrodes

The electrodes shall be made either of brass, bronze or austenitic stainless steel. They shall be
polished and, in shape, either spherical (12,5 mm to 13,0 mm diameter) as shown in figure 1 or
partially spherical of the shape and dimensions given in figure 2. The axis of the electrode
system shall be horizontal, and at least 40 mm below the surface of the test liquid in the cell.
No part of the electrode shall be closer than 12 mm to the cell wall or stirrer. The gap between
the electrodes shall be 2,50 mm ± 0,05 mm. -

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The electrodes shall be examined frequently for pitting or other damage, and shall be
maintained or replaced as soon as such damage is observed.

4.3 Stirring (optional)

The test may be conducted with or without stirring. Differences between tests with or without
stirring have not been found statistically significant. A stirrer, however, may be convenient
especially with apparatus capable of automatic operation.

Stirring may be achieved by means of a two-bladed impeller of effective diameter 20 mm to 25

mm, axial depth 5 mm to 10 mm, rotating at a speed of 250 r.p.m to 300 r.p.m. The impeller
shall not entrain air bubbles and preferably rotate in such a direction that the resulting liquid
flow is directed downward. It shall be constructed so that it is easily cleaned.

Stirring by means of a magnetic bar (20 mm to 25 mm in length and 5 mm to 10 mm in

diameter) is an acceptable alternative when there is no risk of removing magnetic particles.

The dimensions of the stirring device shall conform to the clearance requirements in 4.2.

5 Preparation of electrodes

New electrodes, pitted electrodes, electrodes which have not been properly stored for a
considerable time shall be cleaned by the following procedure:

- clean all surfaces with a suitable volatile solvent and allow the solvent to evaporate;
- polish with fine abrasive powder (for example, jeweller's rouge) or abrasive paper or cloth
(for example, crocus cloth);
- after polishing, clean with petroleum spirit (reagent quality: boiling range 60 oc - 80 °C}
followed by acetone (reagent quality);
- assemble the electrodes in the cell, fill with a clean, unused insulating liquid of the type
to be tested next, and raise the electrode voltage to breakdown 24 times.

6 Test assembly preparation

It is recommended that a separate test cell assembly be reserved for each insulating liquid
type.

Test assemblies shall be stored in a dry place, covered and filled with dry insulating liquid of
the type in regular use in the cell.

On change of the type of liquid under test, remove all residues of the previous liquid with an
appropriate solvent, rinse the assembly with clean, dry liquid of the same type as that to be
tested, drain and refill.

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7 Sampling

7.1 Sample containers

Sample size should be approximately three times the capacity of the test cell.

Appropriate sample containers shall comply with IEC 475. An amber glass bottle is the
pref~rred container. Clear glass bottles may be used but they shall be shielded from direct light
until ready to be tested. Plastic containers which are not attacked by the liquid to be tested
may be used, but these shall not be used more than once. For sealing, screw caps with
polyolefine or polytetrafluoroethylene insert are preferred.

Containers and caps shall be cleaned by washing with a suitable solvent to remove residues of
an earlier sample. Containers shall next be rinsed with acetone, traces of which shall be
removed by blowing with warm air.

After cleaning, containers shall be immediately capped and kept sealed until used.

7.2 Sampling technique

Sampling of new and used insulating liquids shall be carried out in full compliance with
procedures detailed in lEG 475.

When sampling, containers should be almost filled with sample, leaving about 3 % of the
container volume as free air space.

Breakdown voltage is extremely sensitive to the slightest contamination of the sample by water
and particulate matters. Special reference is made to precautions necessary to avoid
contamination of the sample and the need for trained personnel and experienced supervision.

Unless otherwise required, the sample is taken where the liquid is likely to be most
contaminated, usually at the lowest point of the container holding it.

8 Condition of the sample

The test is carried out, unless otherwise specified, on the sample as received without drying or
degassing.

At the time of test, the temperatures of the test liquid and ambient air shall not differ by more
than 5 oc and for referee tests the liquid temperature shall be 20 oc ± 5 oc.

9 Test procedure

9.1 Sample preparation

Immediately before filling the test cell, the sample container is gently agitated and turned over
several times in such a way as to ensure as far as possible a homogeneous distribution of the
impurities contained in the liquid without causing the formation of air bubbles.

Unnecessary exposure to the ambient air of the sample shall be avoided.

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9.2 Filling of the celf

Immediately before commencing the test, drain the test cell and rinse the walls, electrodes and
other component parts, with the test sample. Drain and slowly fill with the test sample avoiding
the formation of air bubbles.

Measure and record the temperature of the liquid.

Position the cell in the test equipment and start the stirrer if used.

9.3 Application of voltage

The first application of voltage is started approximately 5 min after completion of filling and
checking that no air bubbles are visible in the electrode gap.

Apply voltage to the electrodes and uniformly increase voltage from zero at the rate of
2,0 kV s-1 ± 0,2 kV s-1 until breakdown occurs. The breakdown voltage is the maximum
voltage reached at the time the circuit is opened either automatically (established arc) or
manually (visible or audible discharge detected).

Record the value.

Carry out six breakdowns on the same cell filling allowing a pause of at least 2 min after each
breakdown before re-application of voltage. Check that no gas bubbles are present within the
electrode gap. If a stirrer is used, it shall run continuously throughout the test.

Calculate the mean value of the six breakdowns in kilovolts.

10 Report

Report the mean value, in kilovolts, of the six breakdowns as the test result.

The report shall also include: the sample identification, the value of each individual breakdown,
the type of electrodes used, the frequency of the test voltage, the temperature of the liquid, the
use of a stirrer (if any).

11 Test data dispersion

The scatter of individual breakdown voltages has been found to be very dependent on the
value of the result. The graphical representation of figure 3 indicates the values of standard
deviation/mean ratio which have been found in a large body of test data in several laboratories
using transformer oil.

The full line in the graph shows the distribution of the median value of SO/mean as a function
of the value of the mean. The dotted lines indicate the expected 95 % range of values of
SO/mean as a function of the value of the mean.

Copyright by the International Electrotechnical Commission

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-20- 156 © CEJ:1995

12

Figure 1 - Exemple d'une cellule et d'electrodes spheriques appropriees

Example of suitable cell and spherical electrodes

0
Methacrylate de methyle
Methyl methacrylate

10 100 10

0
.......

Figure 2- Exemple d'une cellule et d'electrodes hemispheriques approprh~es

Example of suitable cell and partially spherical electrodes

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 . . 4844891 0588066 662 . .
156 © IEC:1995 -21-

SO/Mean 0,5
DS/Moyenne

0,4 "' . . . . . . . . ·:
'
. ........
"'
. ..... - - -
·;

0,3 - - -, ~ - - - - -~ - - -- - - _, : -~ --------

0,975
0,2

0,50
0,1 - - - - - - - : -- -- -- - - - . . . - . - . .
=~ ~

0,025

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Mean, kV
Moyenne en kV

Figure 3- Representation graphique du coefficient de variation (rapport de l'ecart type

a Ia valeur moyenne) en fonction de Ia moyenne de tension de claquage
Graphical representation of coefficient of variation (standard deviation/
mean ratio) versus mean breakdown voltage

Copyright by the International Electrotechnical Commission

Wed Oct 24 13:48:19 2007
 I . . 4844891 0588067 5T9 . .

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 II 4844891 0588068 435 II

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other •••••••••••.••.••
9.
0 serving on standards development

I
3. committees
In what medium of standard does your organization
This standard was purchased from: maintain most of its standards (check one): 0 olher

0 paper 16.
4. D microfilm/microfiche My organization uses (check one):

0
0
This standard will be used
(check as many as apply);
for r1:1lerence
in a standards library
0
0
0
mag tape

CD ROM

floppy disk
0
0
0
French text only

English text only

Both English/French text

I
0
0
0
0
to develop a new product

to write specifications
to use in a tender
0
9A.
on line

If your organization currently maintains part or

17.
Other comments: I
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tor educational purposes
all of its standards collection in electronic media
0 for a lawsuit please indicate the format(s).

0 for quality assessment 0 raster image

0 for certification 0 fulltext

0
0
0
for general information

for design purposes

fortesting
10.
In what medium does your organization intend
to maintain its standards collection In the tuture
(check all that apply):
I
0 0
I
other •••••.•....•••••.. paper

5. 0 microfilm/microfiche
18.
This standard will be used in conjunction
with (check as many as apply):
0 mag tape
Please give us inlormation about you
0 CD ROM and your company
0
I
IEC

0 ISO
0 lloppy disk name: ............................ .

0 corporate 0 on line
job title: ••.••.••..••••••..••...
10A.
0 other (published by • · · • . · · • • • )

I
For electronic media which format will be chosen company: •.•••.....•...••......
0 other (published by (check one):

D other (published by 0 raster image address: •••••••••••.•••.•••.•..

0 fulltext
6.

0
0
This standard meets my needs
(check one):

not at all
11.
My organization is in the following sector
(e.g. engineering, manufacturing}

····---- ................................ .
I
I
almost
12.
0 fairly well Does your organization have a standards library:
No. employees at your location: •••••••
0 exactly 0 Yes
0 No turnover/sales: •••.••..••••••••...

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Ilit Enquete sur les normes

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La CEI se preocupe de savoir comment ses normes sent accueillies et utilisees. Les reponses
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a a
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I
1. 7.
13.
Numero de Ia Norme CEI: Nous vous demandons maintenant de donner
En combien de volumes dans Ia cas
una note a chacun des crileres ci-dessous
affirmatif?
(1, mauvais; 2. en-dessous de Ia moyenne;
3, moyen; 4, au-dessus de Ia moyenne;

I
5, exceptionnel; 0, sans objet)
2.
Pourquoi possedez-vous cette norme?
(plusieurs reponses possibles). Je suis:
0 clarte de Ia redaction 14.
D logique de Ia disposition QueUes organisations de normalisation ont
0 l'acheteur 0 tableaux inlormatils
publiees las normes de cette bibliotheque ?
(ISO, DIN, ANSI, BSI. etc.):
0
D
D
D
l'utilisateur
bibliothecaire

chercheur
ingenieur
0
0
8.
illustrations
informations techniques

J'aimerais savoir comment je peux reproduire

15.
Ma societe apports sa contribution a l'elabQration
II
des normes par las moyens suivants
klgalement cette norma pour:
0 expert en securite (plusieurs reponses possibles):
0
I
usage interne
0 charge d'effectuer des essais
0 des renseignements commerciaux 0 en achetant des normes
D fonctionnaire d'Etat
0 des demonstrations de produil 0 en utilisant des normes
0 dans !'industria
0
0 autres. __ ••••• _____ •••••
autres •• - ••••• - ••••• _ • _ ••• 0 en qualite de membra d'organisations
de normalisation
9.
3.
auel support votre societe utilise-t-elle pour 0 en qualite de membra de comites de

I
Ou avez-vous achete cette norme? garder Ia plupart des ses normes? normalisation

0 papier
0 autres ................. .
4.
Comment cette norma sera-t-ene
0 microfilm/microfiche 16.
0 Ma societe utilise:

I
utilisee? (plusleurs repo~s possibles) bandes magmltiques
(una seule reponse)
D comma reference 0 CD-ROM 0 des normes en fran~ais seulement
0 dans una bibliotheque de normas 0 disqueues
0 pour developper un produit nouveau 0 des normes en anglais seulement
D abonnement a un serveur etectronique
0 pour redlger des specifications
0 pour utilisation dans une soumission 9A.
D a des fins educatives
0
Si votre societe conserve en totalite ou en partie
sa collection de normes sous forme electronique.
0
17.
des nonnes bilingues anglalsllran~is

Autres observations:
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I
pour un proc&s indiquer Ia ou las formats:

0 pour una evaluation de Ia qualite 0 format trame (ou inage balayee ligne par ligne)

0 pour Ia certification D texte integral

0 a litre d'inlormation generate 10.

0
0
0
pour une etude de conception
pour effectuer des essais
autres- . - - •• - • - • - ••.....
Sur quais supports votre societe prevoit-elle
de conserver sa collection de normes a
l'avenir (plusieures r&ponses possibles):
0 papier
I
I
5.
0 microfilm/microfiche
Celie norma est-elle appel4e a Otre 0 banda magnetique 18.
utilisee oonjointement avec d"autres
normes? Lesquelles? (plusieurs Ci CD-ROM Pourriez-vous nous donner quelques
informations sur vous-mOme at votre societe?:
reponses possibles):
0 disquette
D
I
CEI nom:
0 abonnement a un serveur electronique
D ISO fonction: ••••.. _ .... - _ •.••.•.•..
10A.
D internes a votre societe Ouel format serait retenu pour un moyen
D electronique? (una seule reponse) nom de Ia societe: ••••••• _ ••••• _ ••.

I
autre (publiee par .••••.. _ ••
0 autre (publiee par ...••.. _ . _ 0 format tram&
adresse: _ •• ___ •••••••••••• __ . _ •
D autre (publiee par .•••••• __ _ 0 texte integral

11.
6.

I
A qual secteur d'activite appartient votre societe?
Cette norma repond-elle (par ex. ingenierie, fabrication)
a vos besolns?
...........................................
D pas du tout 12.
D
I
a peu pres Votre societe possede-t-elle una
bibliotheque de normes? nombre d'employes: ••••.•••• _ •••••
D asez bien
Ooui
D parfaitement
0 Non
chlffre d'affaires: •••••••••••••••••

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Copyright by the International Electrotechnical Commission
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 . . 4844891 0588071 T2T . .

Publications de Ia CEI preparees IEC publications prepared

par le Comite d'Etudes n° 10 by Technical Committee No. 10

!56 (1995) Methode pour Ia determination de Ia rigidite elec- 156 (1995) Method for the determination of the electric
trique des huiles isolantes. strength of insulating oils.
247 (1978) Mesure de Ia permittivite relative, du facteur de 247 (1978) Measurement of relative permittivity, dielectric
dissipation dielectrique et de Ia resistivite (en dissipation factor and d.c. resistivity of insulating
courant continu) des liquides isolants. liquids.
296 (1982) Spi<:ification des huiles minerales isolantes neuves 296 (1982) Specification for unused mineral insulating oils for
pour transformateurs et appareillage de connexion. transformers and switchgear.
Modification n° I (1986). Amendment No. I (1986).
376 (1971) Spi<:ifications et reception de l'hexafluorure de 376 (1971) Specification and acceptance of new sulphur hexa·
soufre neuf. fluoride.
376A (1973) Premier complement: Section treize: Taux d'huile 376A (1973) First supplement: Section Thirteen: Mineral oil
minerale. content.
376B (1974) Deuxieme complement: Article 26. 376B (1974) Second supplement: Clause 26.
422 (1989) Guide de maintenance et de surveillance des huiles 422 (1989) Supervision and maintenance guide for mineral
minerales isolantes en service dans les materiels insulating oils in electrical equipment.
electriques.
465 (1988) Spi<:ification pour huiles minerales isolantes 465 (1988) Specification for unused insulating mineral oils for
neuves pour cables a circulation d'hutle. cables with oil ducts.
475 (1974) Methode d'echantillonnage des dielectriques 475 (1974) Method of sampling liquid dielectrics.
liquides.
480 (1974) Guide relatif au contr61e de l'hexafluorure de 480 (1974) Guide to the checking of sulphur hexafluoride
soufre (SFc) preleve sur le materiel elect rique. (SF6) taken from electrical equipment.
567 (1992) Guide d'echantillonnage de gaz et d'huile dans les 567 (1992) Guide for the sampling of gases and of oil from
materiels electriques immerges, pour !'analyse des oil-filled electrical equipment and for the analysis
gaz libres et dissous. of free and dissolved gases.
588: - Askarels pour transformateurs et condensateurs. 588: - Askarels for transformers and capaci1ors.
588-1 (1977) Premiere partie: Generalites. 588-1 (1977) Part 1: General.
5 88-2 ( 1978) Deuxieme partie: Methodes d' essai. 588-2 (1978) Part 2: Test methods.
588-3 (1977) Troisieme partie: Specifications pour askarels 588-3 (1977) Part 3: Specifications for new askarels.
neufs.
588-4 (1979) Quatrieme partie: Guide pour Ia maintenance des 588-4 (I 979) Part 4: Guide for maintenance of transformer
askarels dans les transfonnateurs. askarels in equipment.
588-5 (1979) Cinquieme partie: Essai eliminatoire pour deter- 588-5 (1979) Part 5: Screening test for compatibility of
miner Ia compatibilite des materiaux avec les aska- materials and transformer askarels.
rels pour transformateurs.
588-6 (1979) Sixieme partie: Essai eliminatoire pour determiner 588-6 (1979) Part 6: Screening test for effects of materials on
les effets des materiaux sur les askarels pour capacitor askarels.
condensateurs.
590 (1977) Determination de Ia teneur en hydrocarbures 590 (1977) Determination of the aromatic hydrocarbon
aromatiques des huiles isolantes minerales neuves. content of new mineral insulating oils.
599 {1978) Interpretation de I' analyse des gaz dans les trans- 599 (1978) Interpretation of the analysis of gases in trans-
fonnateurs et autres materiels 6lectnques remphs formers and other oil-filled electrical equipment in
d'huile, en service. service.
628 (1985) Gassing des isolants liquides sous contrainte 628 (1985) Gassing of insulating liquids under electrical
Clectrique et ionisauon. stress and ionization.
666 (1979) Detection et dosage d'additifs antioxydams speci- 666 (1979) Detection and determination of specified anti-
fiques presents dans les huiles isolames. oxidant additives in insulating oils.
733 (1982) Dosage de l'eau dans les huiles isolanles, dans les 733 (1982) Determination of water in insulating oils, and in
papiers et cartons impregnes d 'huile. oil-impregnated paper and pressboard.
814 (1985) Dosage de l'eau dans les dielectriques liquides 814 (1985) Determination of water in insulating liquids by
par titration coulometrique de Karl Fischer auto- automatic coulometric Karl Fischer titration.
matique.
836 (1988) Specifications pour liquides silicones pour usages 836 (1988) Specifications for silicone liquids for electrical
electriques. purposes.
867 (1993) lsolants liquides - Specifications pour liquides neufs 867 (1993) Insulating liquids - Specifications for unused
a base d'hydrocarbures aromatiques de synthese. liquids based on synthetic aromatic hydrocarbons.
897 (1987) Methodes de detem1ination de Ia tension de 897 (1987) Methods for the determination of the lightning
claquage au choc de foudre des liquides isolants. impulse breakdown voltage of insulating liquids.

(Suite) (Conlinued)

Copyright by the International Electrotechnical Commission

Wed Oct 24 13:48:27 2007
 II 4844e91 0588072 966 II

Publications de Ia CEI preparees IEC publications prepared

par le Comite d'Etudes n° 10 (Suite) by Technical Committee No. 10 (Continued)

944 (1988) Guide de maintenance des liquides silicones pour 944 (1988) Guide for the mainrenance of silicone transformer
transformareurs. liquids.
962 (1988) Guide de maintenance et d'emploi des huiles lubri- 962 (1988) Maintenance and use guide for petroleum lubricat·
fiantes de petrole pour turbines a vapeur. ing oils for steam turbines.
963 (1988) Specification pour polybulenes neufs. 963 (1988) Specification for unused polybutenes.
970 (1989) Methodes de determination du nombre et de Ia 970 (1989) Methods for counting and sizing particles in
taille des panicules dans les isolants liquides. insulating liquids.
978 (1989) Guide de maintenance et d'emploi des fluides de 978 (1989) Maintenance and use guide for triaryl phosphate
regulation esters phosphates de triaryle pour ester turbine control fluids.
turbine.
997 (1989) Determination des po1ychlorobiphinyles (PCB) 997 (1989) Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls
dans les huiles minerales isolantes par chromato· (PCBs) in mineral insulating oils by packed
graphic en phase gazeuse (CPG) sur colonnes column gas chromatography (GC).
remplies.
1039 (1990) Oassificarion generate des isolanrs liquides. 1039 (1990) General classification of insulating liquids.
1065 (1991) Methode d'evaluation des proprietes d'ecoulement a 1065 (1991) Method for evaluating the low temperature flow
basse temperature des huiles minerales isolantes propenies of mineral insulating oils after ageing.
apres vieillissemem.
1099 (1992) Specifications pour esters organiques de symhese a 1099 (1992) Specifications for unused synthetic organic esters
usages eleetriques. for electrical purposes.
llOO (1992) Oassification des isolants liquides selon le point de 1100 (1992) Oassification of insulating liquids according to
feu et le pouvoir calorifique inferieur. fire-point and net calorific value.
1125 (1992) lsolants Iiquides neufs a base d'hydrocarbures - 1125 (1992) Unused hydrocarbon-based insulating liquids -
Methodes d' essai pour evaluer Ia stabilite a Test methods for evaluating the oxidation
l'oxydarion. stability.
1144 (1992) Methode d'essai pour Ia determination de l'indice 1144 (1992) Test method for the determination of oxygen index
d'oxygene des isolants liquides. of insulating liquids.
1181 (1993) Materiaux isolants impregnes - Application de 1181 (1993) Impregnated insulating materials - Application of
l'analyse des gaz dissous (DGA) lors d'essais en dissolved gas analysis (DGA) to factory tests on
usine de materiels electriques. electrical equipment.
ll97 (1993) lsolants liquides - Propagation lineaire de Ia 1197 (1993) Insulating liquids - Linear flame propagation -
flamme - Methode d'essai utilisant un ruban en Test method using a glass-fibre tape.
fibres de verre.
ll98 (1993) Huiles minerales isolantes - Methodes pour Ia 1198 (1993) Mineral insulating oils - Methods for the deter-
determination du 2-furfural et ses derives. mination of 2-furfural and related compounds.
1203 (1992) Esters organiques de synthese a usages eleetriques - 1203 (1992) Synthetic organic esters for electrical purposes -
Guide de maintenance des esters pour trans· Guide for maintenance of transformer esters in
formateurs dans les materiels. equipment.
1221 (1993) Produits petroliers et lubrifiants - Fluides de regula- 1221 (1993) Petroleum products and lubricants - T riaryl
tion pour turbines. esters phosphates de triaoyle phosphate ester turbine control fluids (categooy
(categoric !SO-L-TCD)- Spicificarions. JSO-L-TCD)- Specifications.
1294 (1993) lsolants liquides - Determination de Ia tension 1294 (1993) Insulating liquids - Determination of the panial dis-
d'apparition des decharges panielles (T ADP) - charge tnceplion voltage (PDIV) - Test procedure.
Methode d •essai.

Publication !56

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