MATEC Web of Conferences 195, 04016 (2018)

https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819504016
ICRMCE 2018

Application of android-based parking violations

reporting system to support green campus
program
Setiono1,* and Budi Yulianto1
1Civil Engineering Department, Sebelas Maret University, Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126,

Indonesia

Abstract. The use of private vehicles by the academic community of

Sebelas Maret University (UNS) is increasing every year. This has resulted
in a reduced availability of vehicle parking spaces, thus impacting the
emergence of illegal parking and violation of parking rules. In relation to the
vision of the UNS rector mission to a green campus policy, it is therefore
necessary to make vehicle parking arrangement on the campus area. The aim
of study is to conduct parking management and develop a law enforcement
parking vehicles system based on internet and android technology. An
Android-based parking violation reporting application, called BuSet Parking
App is developed. The analysis of vehicle parking characteristics results
shows that the parking index value at motorcycles and cars parking areas are
above 1.0 at a certain time, thus causing parking violations. The BuSet
Parking App records the location and time of the parking violations incident
along with the visual evidence of the infringement. This information is
connected to the database system to detect offenders and to do the parking
law enforcement process. With this technology, sustainable transport efforts
by controlling the number of parking vehicles in the campus environment
can then be done effectively and efficiently.

1 Introduction
The use of private vehicles in Indonesia is experiencing rapid growth with around 9.0% for
motorcycles and passenger cars [1], along with the decline in public transport services [2]
causing various problems in the community. Congestion, accident, pollution and parking area
problems are unavoidable logical consequences. The UNS currently has 35,382 students and
1,658 academic staff. Most of the students and academic staff use private vehicles as a mode
of transport to the campus [3]. Every day the number of motorcycles and cars that enter the
campus are around 22,000 for motorcycles and 2,000 for cars. As the use of fuel consumption
by automobiles is high, this will cause a high level of CO2 in the campus environment [4].
The number of students studying at the Faculty of Engineering UNS (FE UNS) is 2,448
people by 2018 [5] while the number of academic staffs is 34 people. FE UNS provides a
parking area for its students and academic staff who bring motorcycles and cars to the

*
Corresponding author: [email protected]

© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
MATEC Web of Conferences 195, 04016 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819504016
ICRMCE 2018

campus. In relation to the high motorcycle users and potential for motorcycle theft, the
motorcycle parking area is equipped with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology
[6]. This parking system helps the parking operator control the in-out flow of motorcycles in
the parking area safely.
Field conditions show that from year to year the number of private vehicle users increased
so that the available parking area is not sufficient to accommodate the parking needs. This
resulted in the emergence of illegal parking and violation of parking rules. Figure 1 shows
motorcycles and cars that do not park in the available parking area. To reduce the level of
CO2 in the campus environment in accordance with green campus policy and minimise
parking violation, it is then necessary to make a vehicle parking arrangement on the campus
area.

Fig. 1. Violation of parking rules.

The smartphone technology is advantageous for developing an application that helps
humans with any daily life problems. It offers mobility and functionality such as Global
Positioning Systems (GPS) module, a camera, and networking within android systems (open
source systems) required by developers. Based on the Linux operating system, the android
can communicate with other Linux based application such as Apache server, MySQL, and
PHP.
The main objective of this research is to conduct parking management and develop an
Android-based parking violation reporting application. The application can be used to
capture parking violation incidents in real time as part of monitoring and controlling the
parking system in the FE UNS neighbourhood.

2 Research method
The location of research is at FE UNS parking area. Figure 2 shows the location of motorcycle
and car parking areas viewed on Google Maps.

3) cars

1) motorcycles 2) cars

Fig. 2. Location of research at FE UNS.

2
MATEC Web of Conferences 195, 04016 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819504016
ICRMCE 2018

Analysis of vehicle parking characteristics is conducted to determine the parking capacity,

parking accumulation and parking index [7]. Parking index shows the occupancy rate of
parking, which can be used as a parameter to know the occurrence of parking violation. If
the parking index value is higher than 1.0 that means a parking violation occurred.
As part of the law enforcement parking efforts in the campus parking area, a parking
violation reporting application, called BuSet Parking App, is developed. The tools used for
developing the application are Android Studio an official IDE for Android application and
PHP5, JavaScript, and MYSQL for web development. The Google Maps library is also
required to support the application relate to the information of incident location. Vehicle data
belonging to students and academic staff of FE UNS that has been registered in the parking
system are used by the application to report a parking violation.

3 Results and discussion

3.1 Vehicle parking characteristics

Surveys of recording the number of vehicles entering and exiting the parking area are carried
out to calculate the parking accumulation and parking index. Surveys are conducted from
06:00 AM to 04:00 PM for both motorcycles and cars. Figure 3 shows the fluctuation of
motorcycle parking accumulation and parking index at parking area 1. The highest parking
accumulation value is 804 motorcycles. During the time intervals of 09:45 AM – 11:30 AM,
the parking accumulation exceeds the amount of parking capacity provided. Therefore, the
value of index parking at that time exceeds the value of 1.0. This has an impact on the
emergence of illegal parking and violation of parking rules. Several motorcycles are parked
in the basketball area and in the alley between the parking space and the building, see Figure
4.
Motorcycles Parking Accumulation at Parking Area 1 Motorcycles Parking Index at Parking Area 1
1000 1.2
Number of Vehicles

800 1.0
Indeks Parkir

600 0.8
0.6
400
0.4
200
0.2
0
0.0
06.00‐06.15
06.15‐06.30
06.30‐06.45
06.45‐07.00
07.00‐07.15
07.15‐07.30
07.30‐07.45
07.45‐08.00
08.00‐08.15
08.15‐08.30
08.30‐08.45
08.45‐09.00
09.00‐09.15
09.15‐09.30
09.30‐09.45
09.45‐10.00
10.00‐10.15
10.15‐10.30
10.30‐10.45
10.45‐11.00
11.00‐11.15
11.15‐11.30
11.30‐11.45
11.45‐12.00
12.00‐12.15
12.15‐12.30
12.30‐12.45
12.45‐13.00
13.00‐13.15
13.15‐13.30
13.30‐13.45
13.45‐14.00
14.00‐14.15
14.15‐14.30
14.30‐14.45
14.45‐15.00
15.00‐15.15
15.15‐15.30
15.30‐15.45
15.45‐16.00

06.00‐06.15
06.15‐06.30
06.30‐06.45
06.45‐07.00
07.00‐07.15
07.15‐07.30
07.30‐07.45
07.45‐08.00
08.00‐08.15
08.15‐08.30
08.30‐08.45
08.45‐09.00
09.00‐09.15
09.15‐09.30
09.30‐09.45
09.45‐10.00
10.00‐10.15
10.15‐10.30
10.30‐10.45
10.45‐11.00
11.00‐11.15
11.15‐11.30
11.30‐11.45
11.45‐12.00
12.00‐12.15
12.15‐12.30
12.30‐12.45
12.45‐13.00
13.00‐13.15
13.15‐13.30
13.30‐13.45
13.45‐14.00
14.00‐14.15
14.15‐14.30
14.30‐14.45
14.45‐15.00
15.00‐15.15
15.15‐15.30
15.30‐15.45
15.45‐16.00

Time Interval Time Interval

Fig. 3. Motorcycles parking accumulation and parking index.

Fig. 4. Motorcycles parked in the basketball area and in the alley between parking space and the
building.
Figure 5 shows the fluctuation of car parking accumulation and parking index at parking
area 2 and 3. The highest parking accumulation value is 42 cars and 20 cars, consecutively.
During the time intervals of 01:00-02:15 PM and 09:45-10.45 AM, the parking accumulation

3
 Number of Vehicles Number of Vehicles

10
15
20
25

0
5
0
10
20
30
40
50
06.00‐06.15 06.00‐06.15
06.15‐06.30 06.15‐06.30
ICRMCE 2018

06.30‐06.45 06.30‐06.45
06.45‐07.00 06.45‐07.00
07.00‐07.15 07.00‐07.15
07.15‐07.30 07.15‐07.30
07.30‐07.45 07.30‐07.45
07.45‐08.00 07.45‐08.00
08.00‐08.15 08.00‐08.15
08.15‐08.30 08.15‐08.30
08.30‐08.45 08.30‐08.45
08.45‐09.00 08.45‐09.00
09.00‐09.15 09.00‐09.15
09.15‐09.30 09.15‐09.30
09.30‐09.45 09.30‐09.45
09.45‐10.00 09.45‐10.00
10.00‐10.15 10.00‐10.15
10.15‐10.30 10.15‐10.30
10.30‐10.45 10.30‐10.45
10.45‐11.00 10.45‐11.00
11.00‐11.15 11.00‐11.15

Time Interval
11.15‐11.30 11.15‐11.30

Time Interval
11.30‐11.45 11.30‐11.45
11.45‐12.00 11.45‐12.00
12.00‐12.15 12.00‐12.15
12.15‐12.30 12.15‐12.30
12.30‐12.45 12.30‐12.45
12.45‐13.00 12.45‐13.00
13.00‐13.15 13.00‐13.15
13.15‐13.30 13.15‐13.30

Cars Parking Accumulation at Parking Area 3
Cars Parking Accumulation at Parking Area 2 

13.30‐13.45 13.30‐13.45
13.45‐14.00 13.45‐14.00
14.00‐14.15 14.00‐14.15
14.15‐14.30 14.15‐14.30
14.30‐14.45 14.30‐14.45
14.45‐15.00 14.45‐15.00
15.00‐15.15 15.00‐15.15
15.15‐15.30 15.15‐15.30
15.30‐15.45 15.30‐15.45
15.45‐16.00 15.45‐16.00

3.2 BuSet parking android application

4
Parking  Index ParkingIndex

Fig. 5. Cars parking accumulation and parking index.

0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2

06.00‐06.15 06.00‐06.15
06.15‐06.30 06.15‐06.30
area and in the alley between the parks, see Figure 6.

06.30‐06.45 06.30‐06.45
06.45‐07.00 06.45‐07.00
07.00‐07.15 07.00‐07.15

incident (Figure 7d) and upload the data into the server.
07.15‐07.30 07.15‐07.30
07.30‐07.45 07.30‐07.45
07.45‐08.00 07.45‐08.00
08.00‐08.15 08.00‐08.15
08.15‐08.30 08.15‐08.30
08.30‐08.45 08.30‐08.45
08.45‐09.00 08.45‐09.00

Fig. 6. Cars parked in the canopy area and in the alley between parks.
09.00‐09.15 09.00‐09.15
09.15‐09.30 09.15‐09.30
09.30‐09.45 09.30‐09.45
09.45‐10.00 09.45‐10.00
10.00‐10.15 10.00‐10.15
10.15‐10.30 10.15‐10.30
10.30‐10.45 10.30‐10.45
10.45‐11.00 10.45‐11.00
11.00‐11.15 11.00‐11.15
11.15‐11.30 11.15‐11.30
Time Interval
Time Interval

11.30‐11.45 11.30‐11.45
11.45‐12.00 11.45‐12.00
12.00‐12.15 12.00‐12.15
12.15‐12.30 12.15‐12.30
12.30‐12.45 12.30‐12.45
12.45‐13.00 12.45‐13.00
Cars Parking Index at Parking Area 3
Cars Parking Index at Parking Area 2

13.00‐13.15 13.00‐13.15
13.15‐13.30 13.15‐13.30
13.30‐13.45 13.30‐13.45
13.45‐14.00 13.45‐14.00
14.00‐14.15 14.00‐14.15
14.15‐14.30 14.15‐14.30
14.30‐14.45 14.30‐14.45
14.45‐15.00 14.45‐15.00
15.00‐15.15 15.00‐15.15
15.15‐15.30 15.15‐15.30
15.30‐15.45 15.30‐15.45
15.45‐16.00 15.45‐16.00

Enforcement System application in Surakarta City with some changes according to its
emergence of illegal parking and violation of parking rules. Several cars parked in the canopy
exceeds the amount of parking capacity provided at parking area 2 and 3, consecutively.

serial number. An internet connection is required to do this process. A user has to register to
The user interface is developed with Android Studio - version android of 5.0.2 Lollipop. The

login process (Figure 7c), the user may use the application with the GPS turned on to capture
the system before he/she can use the facilities in the application, see Figure 7b. After the
Figure 7a is the main form, where the user can log into the system with IMEI and a phone
Therefore, the value of index parking at that time exceeds the 1.0. This has an impact on the

The concept used by the BuSet Parking App refers to the previous work called E-Traffic Law

the incident of parking violations; input the vehicle plate number and description of the
designation [8]. Figure 7 below shows the user interface design of the BuSet Parking App.
MATEC Web of Conferences 195, 04016 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819504016
MATEC Web of Conferences 195, 04016 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819504016
ICRMCE 2018

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Fig. 7. Android Application user interface.
In communicating with the server, several scripts written in PHP5 are developed. The
data parsed to/retrieved from the server must be in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
format. JSON is a data format that uses human-readable text to express data objects
containing attribute-value pairs.

3.2 Database model

The database for the application has four tables i.e. tblAdmin, tblUser, tblVehicle, and
tblViolation. The entity relationship (E-R) diagram can be seen in Figure 8. The relationship
of tblViolation towards tblUser and tblVehicles is Many to One. It implies that one vehicle
can have more than one incident of violation as well as one user can record more than one
incident.
The tblAdmin is used to store information of the administrator in managing the whole
system such as verification of the registered users and sending notifications to vehicle’s
owners on parking violation through communication by phone (via SMS or WhatsApp).

Fig. 8. Database model of BuSet parking app.

5
MATEC Web of Conferences 195, 04016 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819504016
ICRMCE 2018

3.3 Web parking violation management systems

The module of web user interface is built for administrative purposes. Figure 9 shows several
appearances of it. The module provides administrator capability of manipulating (insert, edit
and delete) the vehicles and user data. The module is developed using Codeigniter PHP
framework and Bootstrap CSS library which has the responsive capability on any kind of
machines (smartphones, tablets, and PCs).
The module with the support of Google Maps library can show the location of a parking
violation incident and its picture as evidence [9]. It is also designed to have the capability of
sending a notification to the vehicle’s owner regarding that incident.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Fig. 9. Web user interface of BuSet parking app for administrative purpose a) view, b) login, c)
database options, d) incident location data.

4 Conclusion
The analysis of vehicle parking characteristics results indicates that the parking index value
at FE UNS parking area exceeds the value 1.0, thus causing parking violations. BuSet Parking
App is developed for monitoring and controlling the parking system in the FE UNS
neighbourhood. The application is able to record the location and time of the parking
violation incidents along with the visual evidence of the infringement. This data will be used
as evidence in punishing the offenders of the parking rules. The use of Android application
makes it easier for the law enforcement department to conduct supervision, control and law
enforcement against traffic violations due to its easy to use, simplicity, transparency and
reliability.

The author would like to the LPPM of Sebelas Maret University for their support in funding this
research.

References
1. Statistics Indonesia, Number of Motor Vehicles by Types, Indonesia 1949-2016,
(Statistics Indonesia, Jakarta, 2018)

6
MATEC Web of Conferences 195, 04016 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819504016
ICRMCE 2018

2. D. Parikesit, B. Susantono, Strengthening the Role of Public Transport. Morichi, S.,

Archarya, S.R., (Eds) Transport Development in Asian Megacities – A New Perspective.
Springer, 2013, p. 107-142, (2013)
3. Biro Perencanaan dan Informasi, Data dan Informasi Tahun 2017, University of Sebelas
Maret, (2017)
4. B. Talbi, CO2 Emissions Reduction in Road Transport Sector in Tunisia, Renewable and
Sustainable Reviews, Volume 69, March 2017, Pages 232-238, (2017)
5. UNS Executive Information Systems, Data Rekapitulasi Mahasiswa Aktif Fakultas
Teknik, (site: https://eis.uns.ac.id/akademik/mahasiswa/fakultas?f=0110&n=0,
accessed: 23 April 2018)
6. C. M. Roberts, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Computers & Security, Volume
25, Issue 1, February 2006, Pages 18-26, (2006)
7. N. Chen, L. Wang, L. Jia, H. Dong, H. Li, Parking Survey Made Efficient in Intelligent
Parking Systems, Procedia Engineering 137, pages487-495, (2016)
8. B. Yulianto, Setiono, Android-based E-Traffic Law Enforcement System in Surakarta
City, AIP Conference Proceedings 1941, 020056 (2018); doi: 10.1063/1.5028114,
(2018)
9. B. Yulianto, Setiono, Web Application and Database Modeling of Traffic Impact Using
Google Maps, AIP Conference Proceedings 1855, 060002 (2017); doi:
10.1063/1.4985525, (2017)