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Address Mapping in Data Communication

This document discusses address mapping protocols like ARP, RARP, BOOTP, and DHCP. It provides details on ARP packets, encapsulation, ARP operation with different cases, proxy ARP, and issues with RARP. It then covers how RARP, BOOTP, and DHCP are used to map physical addresses to logical IP addresses on boot for diskless systems to obtain network configuration.

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YELCHURI VENKATA NAGASAI RAVI TEJA
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© © All Rights Reserved
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153 views

Address Mapping in Data Communication

This document discusses address mapping protocols like ARP, RARP, BOOTP, and DHCP. It provides details on ARP packets, encapsulation, ARP operation with different cases, proxy ARP, and issues with RARP. It then covers how RARP, BOOTP, and DHCP are used to map physical addresses to logical IP addresses on boot for diskless systems to obtain network configuration.

Uploaded by

YELCHURI VENKATA NAGASAI RAVI TEJA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADDRESS MAPPING

• ADRESSING

• NEED?

• STATIC MAPPING

• ISSUES

• DYNAMIC MAPPING
Mapping logical to physical address : ARP
Hardware type 16 bit- type of network
ARP Packet Protocol type-16 bit define protocol

Hardware length-8 bit define length of


physical address

Protocol length-8 bit logical address length

Operation-16 bit-ARP request(1) and ARP


reply(2)

Sender hardware address- physical address


of the sender variable length

Sender protocol address-logical address of


the sender

Target hardware address-physical address of


the destination. In req it is 0

Target protocol address-logical IP of target


Encapsulation
Operation
1. The sender knows the IP
2. IP request ARP to create an ARP request message with source IP and
MAC, destination IP and in MAC filled with 0
3. Message is passed to data link layer, encapsulated in a frame by using
broadcast address as the destination address
4. Every router or host receives the frame, all station remove the message
and send it to ARP. Except target machine all other drop the packets
5. Target machine replies with ARP reply message.
6. Now the IP datagram , is now encapsulated in a frame and it is unicasted.
Four different cases
1. Host to host

2. Host to router

3. Router to router

4. Router to receiver
Proxy ARP
• Proxy ARP is used to create subnetting effect

• The router with proxy ARP will announce its own hardware address as
target address

• It receives the IP datagram and forward it to the appropriate target


Mapping Physical to logical address: RARP,
BOOTP and DHCP
1. A diskless station is just booted, it knows its physical address from
interface but not IP

2. IP address on demand
RARP
• Reverse address resolution protocol

• IP is usually read from the configuration file of disk

• Diskless system are booted using ROM , its information are limited

• MAC from NIC, then it can get its IP by using RARP

• RARP client send the request RARP server send the reply
Issues of RARP
• Broadcasting done at the datalink layer

• Does not cross the boundary of the network

• Hence each network must have RARP server

• RARP is not absolute

• The protocols DHCP and BOOTP are replacing RARP


BOOTP
• Bootstrap protocol
• Application layer protocol
• UDP packet
• Encapsulated in IP packet
• Relay agent
• Feasible solution to RARP issue
DHCP
• Dynamic Configuration protocol
• Static address allocation
• Dynamic address allocation

• Manual and automatic configuration

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