21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR 1G-286 4/96 PAGE

1G-286
PR ODUCT INF
PRODUCT ORMA
INFORMA TION
ORMATION 1/98

21 SI

HEAVY DUTY
BRUSH ALTERNATOR
SERVICE MANUAL

©1998 Delco Remy International Inc. All Rights Reserved.

PAGE 1G-286 4/96 21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR
FEATURES
n High-Output Models
l 100 to 145 Amps, 12-Volt

l 50 to 70 Amps, 24-Volt

198.0 mm

n Applications
l Large and Mid-Range On-Highway Diesel and

Gasoline Engines
l Off-Highway, Agriculture and Construction

l Handles Heavy Belt Load and Vibrations

l High Electrical Loads

n Heavy Duty Design

l High-Output Rectifier Bridge
211.3 mm
21-5410
l Double-Sealed Needle Bearing

l 25mm Drive End Ball Bearing n Specifications

l Swivel Brush Holder Construction l Maximum Speed, Continuous: 10,000 rpm

l Intermittent: 12,000 rpm

l Ambient Temperature Limits:

n Built-in Voltage Regulator -34o C to + 93o C (-30 o F to +200o F)

l Solid-State Integrated-Circuit l Mounting Span: Conforms to SAE J180

l Flat Temperature-Compensated l Polarity: Negative Ground

l Low Parasitic Draw l Rotation: Clockwise or Counterclockwise

l Low Turn-On Speed l Weight: 6.46 kg (14.2 lbs.)

l Improved RFI Suppression

l Load Dump Protection (12-Volt) n Charging System Wiring

l One, Two or Three-Wire Design

l Terminal Boots Prevent Damage

l Optional “R” and/or “I” Terminals

Steel
Integrated Tread
Swivel Brush
Circuit Insert
Assembly
Regulator

Grease
Reservoir Double-Sealed
Heavy-Duty
Ball Bearing

Heavy-Duty
Roller Bearing
with Lip Seal
Rectifier Adjustable
Bridge Steel Bushing

21-5408
21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR 1G-286 4/96 PAGE 1

PRODUCT INFORMATION AND SERVICE MANUAL

21-SI HEAVY DUTY
BRUSH ALTERNATOR
CONTENTS
Introduction ...............................................................1 Alternator ............................................................. 8
Features......................................................................2 SRE Housing and Components ............................ 9
Operating Principles ..................................................3 DE Frame and Components ................................. 11
Troubleshooting .........................................................4 Alternator Assembly .................................................. 12
A. All Systems .....................................................4 DE Frame and Components ................................. 12
B. Systems with Indicator Light ..........................5 SRE Housing and Components ............................ 13
C. Systems without Indicator Light .....................6 Final Unit Assembly ............................................ 17
D. No Output ........................................................6 Alternator Bench Check ...................................... 18
E. Rated Output Check ........................................7 Alternator Mounting .................................................. 20
Alternator Unit Repair ...............................................8 Alternator Specification ............................................ 22
Disassembly and Bench Checks ..........................8 Service Parts .............................................................. 23

10,000 alternator rpm. Intermittent speeds of up to 12,000

2 4 alternator rpm are also acceptable. The ambient temperature
1 3
range for proper operation is -34O C to + 93O C (-30°F to
+200O F)
5
The solid state, integrated circuit voltage regulator built
into the 21-SI Alternator limits system voltage by switching
the ground circuit for the rotor field on and off. When the
ground circuit is on, field current passes from a diode trio
through the rotor via brushes and slip rings on the rotor
shaft. Nominal regulated voltages of 13.8, 14.0, and 14.2
volts are available for 12-volt systems and 27.5 volts for
24-volt systems.

Various output levels are available. For 12-volt systems,

output ratings range from 65 amperes to 160 amperes. For
24-volt systems, output ratings are 50 to 70 amperes. Refer
to Figure 2 for graphs of typical outputs over a range of
7 6 alternator speeds. For output ratings of specific 21-SI
7 models call 1-800-DRA-0222.

1 SLIP RING END (SRE) HOUSING 5 FAN

2 STATOR 6 PULLEY
3 DRIVE END (DE) FRAME 7 MOUNTING LUGS
4 ADJUSTMENT LUG
21-5409

Figure 1. 21-SI Alternator

INTRODUCTION

The 21-SI Heavy Duty Alternator is a high output integral

charging system with built-in diode rectifier and voltage
regulator, producing DC current for battery electrical
systems. The 21-SI series is designed for use on large and
mid-range diesel and gasoline engines in over-the-road
service, as well as for off-road, agricultural, and
construction equipment.

The 21-SI Alternator may be operated in either clockwise

or counterclockwise directions (external fan may require 21-5411

changing to reverse rotation) at continuous speed of up to Figure 2. Typical Output vs Alternator RPM
PAGE 2 1G-286 4/96 21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR

FEATURES 6 8
7
3
The 21-SI Heavy Duty Brush Alternator is available in 1
either a 1-wire, 2-wire, or 3-wire configuration. These wire
configurations refer to the minimum number of lead wire 2
4
connections necessary at the alternator for operation. Some
applications may use additional connections for accessory 5
operation, and/or an additional ground lead connection.
1 ALTERNATOR 5 SYSTEM LOADS
The one-wire type requires only that the alternator output 2 OUTPUT TERMINAL 6 #1 TERMINAL CIRCUIT
3 BATTERY 7 INDICATOR LIGHT
(“BAT”) terminal be connected to the battery positive 4 IGNITION SWITCH 8 #2 TERMINAL CIRCUIT
terminal and that a ground path be provided between the MR6004-R1
alternator housing and the battery negative terminal (refer Figure 5. Basic Three-Wire System
to Figure 3). “R” and/or “I” terminal connections are
optional and do not affect alternator operation. External connections to the 21-SI Alternator are made to
terminals as shown in Figure 6. The “BAT” terminal may
1
6
3
be 1/4”, 5/16”, or M6 (metric) size, depending on the
application requirement. Connections to terminals 1 and 2
2 on 3-wire systems are made by installing a special Packard
BAT connector with two blade terminal receptacles and latch
4 feature, available in wiring package 1870921.
5 7
5 6
7
1 ALTERNATOR 5 SYSTEM LOADS 4
2 OUTPUT TERMINAL 6 AMMETER (IF USED) 1
3 BATTERY 1
7 VOLTMETER (IF USED) 3
4 IGNITION SWITCH 3
MR6003-R1

Figure 3. Basic One-Wire System

The two-wire type requires the “BAT” terminal connection
2 2
to battery positive and the ground path to the alternator
housing, along with an additional connection (See Figure
4). This additional lead should initiate at the ignition switch
and through an indicator light (or 10-50 ohm resistor or
diode to prevent alternator feedback) and attach to
ONE-WIRE & TWO WIRE THREE-WIRE
alternator “I” terminal. SYSTEMS SYSTEM

1 3 1 OUTPUT TERMINAL
2 THREADED HOLE FOR GROUNDING
I 3 RELAY TERMINAL (STANDARD LOCATION)
BAT 4 RELAY TERMINAL (OPTIONAL LOCATION, 3-WIRE SYSTEM)
4 5 TERMINAL #1 - INDICATOR LIGHT or
RESISTANCE WIRE (3-WIRE SYSTEM)
6 TERMINAL #2 - VOLTAGE SENSE (3-WIRE SYSTEM)
2 5 7 INDICATOR LIGHT TERMINAL (1 & 2-WIRE SYSTEMS)

MR6005-R1
1 ALTERNATOR 4 IGNITION SWITCH
2 OUTPUT TERMINAL 5 SYSTEMS LOADS Figure 6. 21-SI Electrical Terminals
3 BATTERY
21-5413 Optional connections to the 21-SI series, include “R”
Figure 4. Basic Two-Wire System (relay) and “I” (indicator light) terminals, and a ground
lead connection to the alternator housing.
The 3-wire type requires the “BAT” terminal connection
to battery positive and the ground path to the alternator A Relay terminal may be located either counterclockwise
housing, along with two additional connections (refer to from the BAT terminal where an R is molded into the
Figure 5). The first, to the regulator #1 terminal, is a casting, or at an opening clockwise from the BAT terminal
switched battery positive field current/indicator light lead and labeled “RELAY” by a permanent adhesive label next
with an overall circuit resistance of 10 to 50 ohms. The to the terminal. On a replacement unit, there will be a round
second, to the regulator #2 terminal, is a system voltage push-on label on the terminal itself. This terminal may be
sense lead for voltage control. An “R” terminal connection used to operate a charge indicator, ADLO system,
is optional and does not affect alternator operation.
21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR 1G-286 4/96 PAGE 3

tachometer, or similar device by providing voltage pulses

at about half of system voltage and at a frequency of 6 1
times the alternator rpm.
I
When an “I” terminal is present it will be located where
BAT
there is an I molded into the casting, clockwise from the 3
BAT terminal. An “I” terminal is connected internally to 7
the field circuit. If an indicator light is connected in series
with this terminal, the light will be on whenever there is a 2 5
voltage difference between the “positive” side of the field 4
R
circuit and the system voltage at other side of the indicator
light. During normal alternator operation, the light will be
off since the diode trio output voltage equals the system
voltage.
6
GRD
The R and I terminals are available in either threaded (10-
24 or M4) or pin types.
1 REGULATOR 5 DIODE TRIO
A threaded 1/4” or 5/16” hole in the slip ring end (SRE) 2 ROTOR (FIELD) 6 RECTIFIER BRIDGE
frame is provided to connect a ground lead if used; 3 BRUSHES 7 CAPACITOR
4 STATOR
otherwise, the ground path is through the mounting
hardware and brackets to the engine.
MR6006-R1

Some applications use a debris shield on the outside of the Figure 7. One-Wire Alternator Schematic
SRE housing of the alternator. Such shields are added by
the engine manufacturer to reduce the amount of airborne VOLTAGE
SENSE (#2)
debris that enters the alternator in severe environments. A INDICATOR
stud mounted in the “I” terminal hole may be used to attach LIGHT
the debris shield to the alternator. The stud is not connected 1
electrically inside the unit. BAT
3
7
OPERATING PRINCIPLES
2 5
An alternator is a voltage-creating machine. The voltage 4
regulator limits the maximum voltage that the alternator R (RELAY)
will produce at the output (BAT) terminal by controlling
the magnetic field present in the rotor. The voltage produced
allows current to flow to satisfy the electrical loads placed
on the system, up to a maximum current characteristic of 6
the alternator design. GRD

Schematic of the alternator circuitry are shown in Figure 7

(one-wire systems) and Figure 8 (three-wire systems). With 1 REGULATOR 5 DIODE TRIO
the alternator rotor turning, magnetic fields around the rotor 2 ROTOR (FIELD) 6 RECTIFIER BRIDGE
induce voltages in the stator windings. The faster the rotor 3 BRUSHES 7 CAPACITOR
4 STATOR
turns, the higher the induced voltage will be. In a one-wire
system, the voltages at start-up are generated by residual MR6007-R1

magnetism in the rotor. In a 3-wire system, rotor magnetism Figure 8. Three-Wire Alternator Schematic
is boosted at start-up by field current entering through the
#1 regulator terminal then flowing through the rotor As speed and output increase, voltage available at the diode
windings. Because of the boosted magnetism, a 3-wire trio becomes sufficient to supply field current for normal
system will have a lower turn-on speed (rpm) than a operation. When the output voltage exceeds the battery
comparable one-wire system. However, once turned on, voltage, the alternator begins to drive the system voltage.
the output curves are identical. If the wiring system includes an indicator light, the presence
of system voltage at the diode trio equalizes the voltage on
both sides of the indicator light and the light goes out.
PAGE 4 1G-286 4/96 21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR

While the system voltage is below the voltage regulator l Indicator light “off” with key on, engine not running.
setting, the regulator turns on the field current through the
rotor and allows the alternator to produce as much output l Undercharged or overcharged battery.
as possible for the alternator speed (rpm), temperature and
system voltage. When the voltage setting is reached, the l Short life of light bulbs or other electric equipment caused
regulator turns the field current off. When the field current by abnormally high system voltage.
is turned off, the magnetic field in the rotor collapses and
the alternator output voltage begins to fall. The falling l System voltmeter readings outside normal range.
voltage causes the regulator to turn the field current back
on and the magnetic field to rebuild. This switching action Diagnose system as follows (refer to Figures 9 and 10.)
of the regulator continues rapidly, keeping the output and
system voltage very close to the voltage setting. This will A. ALL CHARGING SYSTEMS -
continue unless the electrical demands of the system cause
the system voltage to fall below the voltage setting. Should TEST EQUIPMENT NEEDED:
this happen, the regulator will again allow full field current
to flow so that the maximum output of the alternator at the l Belt Tension Gage
given speed, temperature and systems voltage is realized. l Battery State-of -Charge Indicator

One-wire systems use system voltage at the alternator to 1. Check electrical system wiring and battery terminals
control the output voltage, and extra sense wiring is not for poor connections or other obvious conditions that
needed. With a 3-wire system, the voltage present in the might result in shorts, opens, grounds, or high resistance.
sense lead is used to control the output voltage. Using a Correct as necessary.
sense lead makes it possible to sense the system voltage at
another location (such as at a junction closer to the battery) 2. Check alternator drive belt for proper tension. Adjust
for voltage control. to manufacturer’s specifications.

TROUBLESHOOTING 3. Check battery for state-of-charge. If low, recharge

according to manufacturer’s specifications and load test
Trouble in the charging system will normally be indicated to establish serviceability. Further diagnostic tests
by one of the following: require a known good, fully-charged battery for accurate
results.
l Indicator light “on” with engine running.

INDICATOR
VOLTMETER LIGHT
INDICATOR START
LIGHT CIRCUIT RUN
OFF
FUSE ACC
BLOCK KEY
STEPS
C1,C2 STEPS SWITCH
D2
I
BAT
R GRD
STEP INDICATOR LIGHT (“I”)
POLARIZING TERMINAL CONNECTOR
BATTERY JUMPER LEAD ALTERNATOR D3
(DISCONNECTED)
(TOUCH BRIEFLY
TO “R” TERMINAL)

JUMPER LEAD
WITH 5 AMP FUSE
STEPS
B2,B3

MR6008-R1

Figure 9. Troubleshooting a One-Wire System

21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR 1G-286 4/96 PAGE 5

INDICATOR
VOLTMETER INDICATOR LIGHT
LIGHT CIRCUIT START
V RUN
OFF
FUSE ACC
STEPS BLOCK KEY
CI,C2 SWITCH

VOLTAGE SENSE CIRCUIT

1 2
BAT
R REGULATOR TERMINAL CONNECTOR
GRD
(DISCONNECTED)

BATTERY ALTERNATOR

V
JUMPER LEAD
WITH 5 AMP FUSE
VOLTMETER
STEPS
B2,B3 STEP
D1

MR6009-R1

Figure 10. Troubleshooting a Three-Wire System

B. SYSTEMS WITH INDICATOR LIGHT - connects to the #1 terminal on the regulator. Use fused
(5-amp) jumper lead to ground indicator lamp circuit in
TEST EQUIPMENT NEEDED: harness connector to alternator housing.

l Jumper Lead with 5-Amp Fuse - If indicator light comes on with jumper lead in place,
repair, or replace alternator.
1. If indicator light is on with engine running:
- If indicator light does not come on with jumper lead in
Stop engine. Turn key switch to “run” position. Indicator place, locate and correct open circuit in indicator light
light should be on. If not, go to step 3. circuit. Circuit fuse may be open or light bulb may be
burned out. Correct as necessary.
Disconnect indicator light lead at alternator. For one-
wire systems, this will be the “I” terminal connector. NOTE: If 5-amp fuse blows, jumper lead has probably
For 3-wire systems, disconnect the regulator terminal been connected to sense circuit instead of indicator light
connector (terminals 1 and 2). circuit. Replace jumper lead fuse and try again.

If indicator light remains on, locate and correct shorted 3. If indicator light comes on while engine is running, but
or grounded condition in indicator light circuit between is not on with engine stopped and key switch in “run”
the light and the alternator. position.

If indicator light goes out, light is working properly. Leave key in “run” position with engine stopped.
Proceed to “C” for check of system with indicator light Disconnect indicator light lead from alternator. For one-
working properly. wire systems, this will be at the “I” terminal. For 3-
wire systems, disconnect the regulator terminal
2. If indicator light does not come on with the key switch connector (terminals 1 and 2) and determine which is
in the “run” position with the engine stopped (“bulb the indicator lamp circuit by locating the terminal that
check” mode): connect to the #1 terminal on the regulator. Use fused
(5-amp) jumper lead to ground indicator lamp circuit to
Leave key in “run” position with engine stopped. alternator housing.
Disconnect indicator light lead from alternator. For one-
wire systems, this will be at the “I” terminal. For 3- - If indicator light comes on with jumper lead in place,
wire systems, disconnect the regulator terminal replace regulator as described under Unit Repair
connector (terminals 1 and 2) and determine which is
the indicator lamp circuit by locating the terminal that
PAGE 6 1G-286 4/96 21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR

- If indicator light does not come on with jumper lead in With fully charged battery, engine running at moderate
place, locate and correct open circuit in indicator light speed and all electrical loads off, use voltmeter to check
circuit between battery and light. Circuit fuse may be voltage at battery terminals. If checking a 3-wire system,
open. (With engine running, light is being powered by locate sense lead (connects to alternator #2 terminal)
alternator and grounded through other circuits connected and gently wiggle the connections at both ends while
in parallel to indicator light circuit.) Correct as watching the voltage reading.
necessary.
For a 12-volt system, readings should be stable, around
NOTE: If 5-amp fuse blows, jumper lead has probably 13.5 - 14.5 volts and in no case go above 15 volts. For a
been connected to sense circuit instead of indicator light 24-volt system, readings should be stable, around 27 -
circuit. Replace jumper lead fuse and try again. 28 volts and in no case go above 31 volts.

4. If indicator light is on with key switch in “off” position: - One-wire system: If voltage is erratic or goes above 15
volts (31 volts on 24-volt system), replace regulator as
Disconnect indicator light circuit at alternator. described under Unit Repair and test field coil for shorts.

- If indicator light remains on, locate and correct shorted - 3-wire system: If voltage is erratic or goes above 15
condition between the light and alternator. volts (31 volts on 24-volt system) during any of these
checks, check sense lead for continuity and clean and
- If indicator light goes out, diode is shorted in rectifier tighten sense lead connections. Recheck voltages with
bridge. Replace rectifier bridge as described under Unit engine running. If problem persists, replace regulator
Repair. as described under Unit Repair and test field coil for
shorts.
C. SYSTEMS WITHOUT INDICATOR LIGHT OR WITH
INDICATOR LIGHT WORKING PROPERLY - D. NO OUTPUT

TEST EQUIPMENT NEEDED: TEST EQUIPMENT NEEDED:

l Voltmeter l Voltmeter
l Jumper Lead (18 ga. min; no fuse)
1. If battery is undercharged, indicator light remains on
while vehicle is running, or system voltmeter shows Note that 21-SI Alternators must be connected to a
operating voltage is below acceptable range: battery for the voltage sensing circuit to allow initial
turn on (refer to section on Features). When properly
With engine stopped and all electrical loads turned off, connected and system checks indicate a “no output”
use voltmeter to check voltage across battery terminals. condition, use the following steps to determine if the
Record voltage. alternator requires repair:

Start engine and run at moderate speed. Check voltage 1. For 3-wire systems, use voltmeter to check voltages
across battery terminals with engine running. present in harness connector at regulator. With connector
disconnected and key switch in “run” position (engine
- If voltage reading at battery terminals is different from not running), both terminals 1 and 2 in harness should
reading showing at system voltmeter (if equipped), read battery voltage. If OK, go to step 4. If not, alternator
locate and correct cause of incorrect reading. will not turn on. Locate and correct cause of voltage
loss.
- If voltage is lower than reading previously recorded with
engine stopped, there is no alternator output. Proceed 2. For one-wire systems without an “I” terminal, battery
to section on No Output. positive voltage at the “BAT” terminal and residual
magnetism in rotor are necessary for alternator to turn
- If voltage is higher than previous reading with engine on. Use voltmeter to verify that battery voltage is present
stopped, alternator output is present. Proceed to section at “BAT” terminal. If not, locate and correct cause of
on Rated Output Check. voltage loss.

2. If battery is overcharged (as evidenced by excessive Residual magnetism in the rotor is sometimes lost during
water use or electrolyte spewing from battery vents), servicing of the alternator If the alternator has no “R”
light bulbs or other electrical equipment have shortened or “RELAY” terminal, proceed to step 4. If the alternator
life due to suspected high system voltage, or system has an “R” terminal, the rotor can be remagnetized
voltmeter reads above normal range: without removing alternator from application. To
21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR 1G-286 4/96 PAGE 7

remagnetize rotor, make sure the normal connections E. RATED OUTPUT CHECK
are made to the alternator. BAT terminal and to the
ground circuit. Disconnect the wiring harness from the TEST EQUIPMENT NEEDED
“R” terminal. Momentarily connect a jumper lead from
battery positive to the alternator “R” terminal. This will l Voltmeter
cause field current to momentarily flow through the rotor l Ammeter (current capability at least 15 amperes
in the proper direction and restore magnetism. higher than alternator rating)
Reconnect wiring harness to “R” terminal, then recheck l Variable Carbon Pile Load Test
alternator for output.
CAUTION: Failure to disconnect negative battery
3. For one-wire systems with an “I” terminal, the indicator cable at battery before removing or attaching
light current at this terminal will establish normal alternator “BAT” terminal lead may result in an
magnetism. With engine stopped and key switch on, use injury. If a tool is shorted at alternator “BAT”
voltmeter to check for voltage present at this terminal. terminal, the tool can quickly heat enough to cause a
With “I” terminal connected and indicator lamp on, skin burn.
voltage will be less than battery voltage. If necessary to
disconnect wiring at “I” terminal to make this check, 1. Refer to Fig. 11 for test equipment hookups as described
check for battery voltage in harness wire. If voltage is in following steps. If inductive pick-up (“clamp on”)
present, proceed to step 4. If no voltage is present, check type ammeter is used, place current clamp on alternator
“I” terminal circuit for cause of voltage loss (bulb may output lead and skip to step 4. If series ammeter is used,
be burned out). Correct as necessary. disconnect negative battery cable at battery.
4. If no conditions have been found that might prevent the 2. Install ammeter in series with alternator “BAT” terminal.
alternator from turning on (step 1, 2, or 3), remove
alternator from engine in accordance with engine 3. Reconnect negative battery cable at battery.
manufacturer’s instructions and proceed to Unit Repair.
4. NOTICE: When a 12-volt carbon pile load test is used
to diagnose a 24-volt system, attach load test only to
12-volt potential in battery pack. Attaching a 12-volt
load test to a 24-volt potential will damage the load test.

CARBON PILE A AMMETER

LOAD TEST

STEP
E9

BAT

GRD

BATTERY STEPS
E6,E8 ALTERNATOR

VOLTMETER
MR010-R1

Figure 11. Rated Output Check

PAGE 8 1G-286 4/96 21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR

With load turned off, attach carbon pile load test across ALTERNATOR UNIT REPAIR
battery.
CAUTION: Failure to disconnect negative cable
5. Attach voltmeter negative to grounded negative battery at battery before removing or attaching alternator
terminal. Leave positive meter lead open for checks at “BAT” terminal lead may result in an injury. If a
various points. tool is shorted at alternator “BAT” terminal, the
tool can quickly heat enough to cause a skin burn.
6. Check and record voltage at battery positive terminal.
For multi-battery systems, check positive voltage of NOTICE: Always reinstall fasteners at original
battery set connected as if in battery charging mode. location. If necessary to replace fasteners, use only
correct part number or equivalent.
7. With all system electrical loads off, start engine and
run at moderate speed (rpm). l If correct part number is not available, use only equal
size and strength. For alternator internal fasteners,
8. Recheck voltage at battery positive terminal. Voltage refer to Delco Remy America Standard Hardware
should be higher than previous reading, but below 15 Fasteners section in Service Parts Catalog.
volts on 12-volt system (31 volts on 24-volt system).
l Fasteners that are NOT to be reused will be noted in
- If reading is lower than previous reading (step 6), refer procedure.
to section on No Output.
l Fasteners requiring thread locking compound will
- If reading is higher than 15 volts on 12-volt system (31 be noted in procedure.
volts on 24-volt system), refer to section on High Voltage
Output. l Use specified torque values when shown.
9. Turn carbon pile load on and adjust to obtain maximum Using or replacing fasteners in any other manner could
alternator output on ammeter without allowing voltage result in part or system damage.
at battery positive terminal to drop below 13 volts (25
volts on 24-volt system). Record maximum ampere If diagnosis determines that alternator repair is needed,
output. remove alternator from engine according to
manufacturer’s instructions.
With alternator still running at maximum output, check
and record voltage drop in ground circuit between DISASSEMBLY AND BENCH CHECKS
alternator housing and battery negative terminal. Turn
carbon pile load off. TEST EQUIPMENT NEEDED:

Maximum ampere output should be within 15 amps of l Ohmmeter

output rating stamped next to part number on alternator l 110-Volt Test Lamp (optional)
drive end (DE) frame, or as listed in Specifications
section of this manual. Voltage drop should be 0.25 volts NOTICE: On some alternators on certain engine
or less on 12-volt system (0.5 volts or less on 24-volt configurations, a 1.5µf capacitor (DRA 1985444) has
system). been installed to the output terminal and attached with a
3/8” long 10-24 self tapping screw. Remove the screw
- If ground circuit voltage drop is over 0.25 volts on 12- and the capacitor (DRA 1985444) before disassembly.
volt system (0.5 volts on 24-volt system), clean and
tighten all ground circuit connections. If this does not
correct excessive voltage drop, check ground circuit ALTERNATOR
cables for improper sizing or high resistance conditions.
Correct as necessary. 1. Place alignment mark across slip ring end (SRE) housing
and drive end (DE) frame for assembly after repair (Fig.
- If within 15 amps of rating, alternator is good. Look 12).
elsewhere for cause of problem.
2. Remove 4 thru bolts.
- If more than 15 amps below rating, repair or replace
alternator. 3. Separate DE frame (with rotor) from SRE housing (with
stator). If necessary, carefully pry DE frame from edge
of stator with screwdriver (Fig. 13). After separation,
place tape over SRE bearing inside unit to prevent dirt
from entering during checks.
21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR 1G-286 4/96 PAGE 9

1 1 SRE HOUSING
2 3 ASSEMBLY
2 SCREWDRIVER
3 STATOR
1 SRE HOUSING 4 RECTIFIER BRIDGE
2 STATOR NUTS (3 PCS.)
3 DE FRAME
MR6011-R1 MR6013-R1

Figure 12. Marking Alignment for Reassembly Figure 14. Removing Stator
OHMMETER
4 1
1 2

1 THRU BOLTS (4PCS.) 1 STATOR LEADS

2 DE FRAME (WITH ROTOR) 2 STATOR
3 SCREWDRIVER LAMINATIONS
4 SRE HOUSING (WITH STATOR) MR6012-R1 MR6014-R1

Figure 13. Disassembly of Alternator Figure 15. Electrical Check of Stator

SRE HOUSING AND COMPONENTS The stator should also be replaced if the windings are
uniformly dark and burned, with the varnish coating
4. Inspect SRE housing assembly for loose connections flaking off to expose bare wires.
or other obvious conditions. Correct as necessary. If
none are found, proceed with SRE checks. 7. Perform electrical check on stator. Use ohmmeter or
110-volt test lamp (Fig. 15). There should be no
5. Remove 3 rectifier bridge nuts to disconnect stator. Lift continuity between any of the stator leads and the stator
stator from SRE housing. If necessary, carefully pry laminations.
stator away from SRE housing with screwdriver (Fig.
14). - If continuity is present, windings are grounded. Replace
stator.
6. Inspect stator winding for a dark, burned appearance.
View winding from inside of unit - black paint on - If there is no continuity, stator is probably good.
outside of windings does not indicate burned windings. However, there is no service electrical check for shorted
If all windings are uniform in color and varnish covering or open delta stator windings. If all other electrical
is not flaking off, proceed with electrical check. If some checks are normal and the alternator did not produce
windings are dark and others are light, a shorted, open within 15 amps of the rated output, a shorted or open
or grounded condition is indicated. Replace the stator. stator in indicated and the stator is to be replaced.
PAGE 10 1G-286 4/96 21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR

8. Remove insulated regulator attaching screw to disconnect 4

diode trio (Fig. 16). Lift trio from SRE assembly. 1

NOTE: Wherever “Ohmmeter” is specified for use when

checking diodes, the “Diode Test Functions” setting 2
should be used for “Digital Type” multimeters.

9. Use ohmmeter to check diode trio (Fig 16). Place 3

negative ohmmeter lead on regulator strap and use
positive ohmmeter lead to check for continuity to each
of the three rectifier bridge straps. All three readings
should indicate continuity. Reverse the ohmmeter leads
and perform checks again. Readings should all indicate 1 ATTACH. SCREW
(INSULATED)
open circuits. 2 DIODE TRIO
3 REGULATOR
STRAP
- If all readings are proper, diode trio is good. 4 RECTIFIER
BRIDGE STRAPS
- If any reading is wrong, replace diode trio. MR6015-R1

Figure 16. Electrical Check of Diode Trio

10. Use ohmmeter to check rectifier bridge (Fig. 17).
Bridge may be checked in place in the SRE frame.
Check 6 diodes as follows: OHMMETER

Place negative ohmmeter lead on grounded heat sink.

Touch positive ohmmeter lead firmly to metal diode
clips that surround each of the 3 threaded studs. All 3 1
readings should be the same, and indicate open circuits.
Switch leads and repeat. All 3 new readings should
indicate continuity.

Repeat checks using insulated (positive) heat sink in

3
place of grounded heat sink. With negative ohmmeter
lead on insulated heat sink, all 3 readings should
indicate continuity. Switch leads and repeat. All 3 new 2
reading should indicate open circuits.
1 GROUND HEAT SINK
2 DIODE CLIPS
- If all readings are correct, the rectifier bridge is good. 3 INSULATED HEAT SINK
MR6016-R1

- If any reading is wrong, an open or shorted diode is Figure 17. Electrical Check of Rectifier Bridge
indicated and rectifier bridge should be replaced. To
remove bridge, remove inside BAT terminal nut, nut
1 6
and connector from regulator stud, inside “R” (relay) 7
2
terminal nut and connector (if used), two bridge
attaching screws, and insulated capacitor attaching 5
3 5 9
screw. Lift capacitor and rectifier bridge from SRE
4
housing (Fig 18).
8
1 “BAT” TERMINAL NUT
2 REGULATOR NUT
3 REGULATOR STUD
CONN. (1-WIRE TYPE)
4 RELAY TERMINALNUT
5 RELAY TERMINAL
CONNECTOR
6 BRIDGE ATTACHING
SCREWS
7 CAPACITOR ATTACH.
SCREWS (INSULATED)
8 CAPACITOR
9 RECTIFIER BRIDGE

MR6017-R1

Figure 18. Removing rectifier Bridge

21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR 1G-286 4/96 PAGE 11

11. Brush holder assembly must be removed to service

brushes or regulator (Fig 19). Hold brushes in retracted 2 3
position and insert brush pin to keep brushes in
retracted position. Remove insulated regulator 4
1 BRUSH (2 PCS.) 10
attaching screw. Remove regulator nut and stud 2 BRUSH PIN 7
connector (if used). Loosen or remove inside “I” 3 REGULATOR ATTACH.
SCREWS (INSULATED)
terminal nut to move “I” terminal connector (if used) 4 BRUSH HOLDER 5
PIVOT SCREW 1
as necessary for clearance. Finally, remove brush 8
5 INSIDE “I” TERM. 6
holder pivot screw. Lift brush holder assembly from 9 1
NUT
housing without bending regulator connector from 6 “I” TERM CONN. 10
7 REGULATOR STUD
diode trio or “I” terminal connector. CONN. (3-WIRE) 11
8 SPACER
9 BRUSH SPRINGS
12. Check brushes and leads for excessive wear, breakage, 10 BRUSH LEAD CLIP
etc. If necessary to replace, note routing of lead wires (2 PCS.)
11 BRUSH HOLDER
and position of lead clips for later assembly; brushes 12 REGULATOR 13
13 REGULATOR ATTACH. 12
are identical but leads and clips are positioned SCREW (GROUNDED)
differently. Carefully remove brush pin to release
brushes (Fig. 19). Remove brushes and spacer one at a MR6018-R1
time, placing fingers around springs to prevent loss. It Figure 19. Brush Holder Disassembly
may be necessary to spread the brush lead clips slightly
to disengage retaining tabs.

13. Remove remaining regulator attaching (ground) screw. 4

If previous checks lead to an instruction to replace the
regulator, replace it. If it is not known whether regulator 3
is good, use an approved tester for SI-type regulators.
Always check field coil for shorts when replacing 2
1
regulator.

14. Remove protective tape (see step 3) and check bearing

in SRE housing. Bearings are permanently lubricated;
do not add grease. If bearing is dry or damaged, replace
bearing. If bearing is being replaced without removing 1 SRE HOUSING
brushes from SRE housing, use brush pin to hold 2 SRE BEARING
brushes in retracted position while bearing is removed. 3 TUBE
4 HAMMER
To remove bearing, use tube slightly smaller than
opening in SRE housing and drive bearing through to
inside of housing (Fig. 20). If bearing is not removed, MR6019-R1

place tape back over bearing. Figure 20. Removing SRE Bearing

DE FRAME AND COMPONENTS

15. Use ohmmeter to check rotor field resistance. Place 3

1 2 4
ohmmeter leads on the two slip rings on the rotor shaft
to make this check (Fig. 21). Refer to Service
Specifications at the end of this section for proper value.
Also use ohmmeter to check for a grounded field by
touching one lead to a slip ring and one lead to rotor
frame or shaft. Reading should be infinite (open) to
show that field is not grounded. If field resistance is
outside specifications or if field is grounded, replace
rotor as described in following steps. OHMMETER

1 DE FRAME
2 ROTOR FRAME
3 SLIP RINGS
4 ROTOR SHAFT
MR6020-R1

Figure 21. Electrical Check of Rotor

PAGE 12 1G-286 4/96 21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR

16. Hold DE frame and spin rotor by hand to see that it

spins freely in ball bearing. Bearing is permanently SHAFT NUT
REMOVAL
lubricated; do not add grease. If movement is rough or
wobbly, replace DE bearing as described in following 7
steps. 2
8

17. Remove shaft nut by placing 5/16” hex wrench in end 9

10 1
of shaft to hold while removing nut with common 11
6
wrench (Fig. 22). Turn nut counterclockwise to remove.
If hex wrench is not available, wrap rotor in shop cloth COMPONENT 5
DISASSEMBLY
and place in vise, tightening just enough to hold while 4
removing shaft nut. 3
1 HEX WRENCH
18. Lift shaft nut washer, pulley and fan from shaft (Fig. 2 COMMON WRENCH
22). 3 SHAFT NUT
4 WASHER 8 ATTACHING SCREWS
5 PULLEY 9 RETAINER PLATE
19. Pull rotor from DE bearing (Fig. 22). 6 FAN 10 DE BEARING
7 ROTOR 11 DE FRAME
MR6021-R1
If rotor checked good electrically (step 15), inspect Figure 22. DE Frame and Components
slip rings. If rough or out of round, turn in lathe,
removing only enough material to make rings smooth
and round. Maximum indicator reading for roundness INSTALL BEARING
FLUSH WITH
is 0.05 mm (.002”). Finish with 400 grain polishing 4 EDGE OF HOUSING 2
cloth. Blow away all copper dust. Clean shaft of any
grease that may have accumulated copper dust.

20. Remove three attaching screws and bearing retainer 3

plate from DE frame (Fig. 22). 1

2
21. Inspect DE bearing. If bearing appears dry or if rotor
did not turn smoothly when checked during alternator 1
disassembly, replace DE bearing. Bearing is
permanently lubricated. Do not attempt to add grease.
1 SRE HOUSING
2 SRE BEARING
ALTERNATOR ASSEMBLY 3 TUBE
4 HAMMER
ASSEMBLY OF DE FRAME AND COMPONENTS MR6022-R1

Figure 23. SRE Bearing Installation

Install

1. DE bearing and bearing retainer plate to DE frame.

Install 3 attaching screws (Fig. 22).

Tighten

Retainer plate attaching screws to 3.0 N.m (26 lb. in.).

2. Rotor shaft into DE bearing (Fig. 22).

3. Fan, pulley, shaft nut washer, and shaft nut onto rotor
shaft (Fig. 22). Hold shaft with 5/16” hex wrench in
end or wrap rotor in shop cloth and tighten in vice just
enough to hold while tightening shaft nut.

Tighten

Shaft nut to 100 N.m (75 lb. ft.).

ASSEMBLY OF SRE HOUSING AND COMPONENTS

21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR 1G-286 4/96 PAGE 13

3 Install or Connect

4. SRE bearing into SRE housing (Fig. 23). Use thin-wall

2 socket or tube slightly smaller than hole in SRE housing
to drive bearing in from outside. Position bearing flush
with outside lip of SRE housing. Cover opening in
1 bearing with piece of tape to prevent dirt from entering
during rest of procedure.

Install or Connect

5. Rectifier bridge assemble to SRE housing. Install one

rectifier bridge attaching screw/washer assembly
through grounded heat sink into SRE housing (Fig. 24).
1 SRE HOUSING
Finger tighten.
2 RECTIFIER BRIDGE
3 ATTACHING SCREW Relay “R” terminal (if used) to SRE housing and hold
MR6023-R1
in place (see Fig. 25). Place inside insulating washer
Figure 24. Installing Rectifier Bridge
over “R” terminal stud. Place relay terminal connector
over stud on rectifier bridge and “R” terminal stud. Be
SHAPE OF CONNECTOR (4) DETERMINES LOCATION IN HOUSING
sure inside insulating washer is between connector and
TYPE 1 TYPE 2
5 SRE housing at terminal end. Connector must not touch
5
6
SRE housing. Also be sure outside insulator is properly
centered in hole so terminal stud cannot touch SRE
housing. Install inside nut/washer assembly onto “R”
4 terminal stud.
4

2
2
3
3
1

1 “R” TERMINAL 1
2 INSULATING WASHER
3 SRE HOUSING
4 “R” TERMINAL CONNECTOR
5 RECITIER BRIDGE STUD
6 INSIDE NUT/ WASHER ASM. MR6024-R1
Figure 25. Installing Relay Terminal
PAGE 14 1G-286 4/96 21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR

Tighten
5
6
Inside nut/washer assembly to 2.5 N.m (22 lb. in.)
3
4
6. Output (BAT) terminal to SRE housing, being sure to
seat square insulator flange in hole, then inside output
terminal nut/washer assembly onto terminal stud (Fig.
26). Finger tighten.

7. Capacitor to holes in end of rectifier bridge assembly

(Fig 26). Install rectifier bridge attaching screw/washer 2
assembly through capacitor connector, grounded heat
sink, and into SRE housing (finger tighten).
1 OUTPUT (“BAT”) 1 5 RECTIFIER BRIDGE
TERMINAL ATTACH. SCREW
8. Insulated capacitor attaching screw, through capacitor 2 SRE HOUSING (GROUNDING)
connector, insulated heat sink and into SRE housing 3 INSIDE “BAT” 6 CAPACITOR ATTACH.
TERM. NUT/WASHER ASM. SCREW (INSULATED)
(finger tighten). 4 CAPACITOR
MR6025-R1

Inspect Figure 26. Installing BAT Terminal and Capacitor

9. Regulator mounting area for presence of grease or dirt 4

2
(Fig. 27). Good electrical contact is necessary in this
1
area.

Clean 3

NOTICE: Do not immerse or wet regulator with

solvent. Internal damage to regulator could result.

Regulator mounting bosses in SRE housing, metal base

plate and contact rings on regulator by wiping with
clean, dry cloth.
1 CLEAN AREA 3 SRE HOUSING
Install of Connect 2 REGULATOR 4 REGULATOR ATTACH.
SCREW (GROUND)
10. Regulator to SRE housing (Fig. 27), with regulator
attaching screw (grounding). Finger tighten. MR6026-R1

Figure 27. Installing Regulator

11. If placing individual brushes, proceed to step 12. If
installing complete brush holder assembly, skip to step
13.
21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR 1G-286 4/96 PAGE 15

12. Brush assemblies (with springs) and spacer to brush

holder (Fig. 28). Brushes are identical, but leads and
6 contact clips are positioned differently. Pin brushes in
1
5 retracted position.

Install or Connect

2 3 4 13. With brushes pinned in retracted position (Fig. 29),

brush holder assembly to mounting holes in regulator
and SRE housing. Install brush holder attaching (pivot)
2 screw and one insulated regulator attaching screw
(finger tighten both screws).
1 5
14. Diode trio onto 3 threaded studs on rectifier bridge
1 BRUSH (WITH ARM) 4 BRUSH HOLDER assembly (Fig. 29). Position long connector strap on
2 BRUSH SPRING 5 BRUSH CONTACT diode trio over closest mounting hole in brush holder
3 SPACER CLIP
6 BRUSH PIN and regulator.
MR6027-R1

Figure 28. Assembly of Brush Holder For 3-wire systems, skip to step 18.

5 15. For one-wire systems (Fig. 30), hold outside output

6 terminal and temporarily remove inside output terminal
7 nut. Install regulator stud connector to threaded stud
and to inside output terminal stud. Reinstall output
terminal nut/washer and install regulator nut/washer
assembly to threaded stud on regulator (finger tighten).
2

1
16. “I” terminal (if used) with outside insulator to SRE
housing and hold in place (Fig. 31). Inside insulator,
4
1 BRUSH PIN
then regulator/indicator light connector over “I”
2 BRUSH HOLDER ASM. terminal stud inside SRE housing. Position other end
3 REGULATOR of connector over mounting hole in brush holder. Inside
4 SRE HOUSING
5 ATTACHING SCREW “I” terminal nut/washer assembly onto terminal stud
(PIVOT) (finger tighten).
6 REGULATOR ATTACH.
SCREW (INSULATED)
8 7 DIODE TRIO 17. Second insulated regulator attaching screw to mounting
3 8 RECTIFIER BRIDGE
hole in brush holder, passing through diode trio
MR6028 connector and “I” terminal connector, if used (Fig. 30).
Figure 29. Installing Brush Holder and Diode Trio Finger tighten.
5 For 1-wire systems, skip to step 20.
1
11 9
8
2
10 7
3
9
6
4
8

1 INSIDE “BAT” TERM. 6

“I” TERMIANL
NUT/WASHER ASM. 7
INSIDE INSULATOR
2 REGULATOR STUD CONN. 8
“I” TERMINAL CONN.
3 REGULATOR STUD 9
INSIDE “I” TERM.
4 “BAT” TERMINAL STUD NUT/WASHER ASM.
5 REGULATOR STUD 10 DIODE TRIO CONN.
NUT/WASHER ASM. 11 REGULATOR ATTACH.
SCREW (INSULATED)
MR6029-R1

Figure 30. Regulator Connector, 1-Wire System

PAGE 16 1G-286 4/96 21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR

18. For some 3-wire systems (Fig. 31), regulator stud

connector onto threaded stud on regulator, positioning
other end over brush holder mounting hole. Regulator 5
nut to threaded stud on regulator (finger tighten).
3 6 1
4
NOTE: Later regulator designs do not have a threaded
2
stud and the connector is not used. The earlier and later
designs are interchangeable. If replacing regulator
having stud by new regulator without stud, omit 7
connector and nut; if replacing regulator that does have 1 REGULATOR STUD
CONNECTOR (IF USED)
stud by regulator having stud, add connector and nut. 2 THREADED STUD
(IF PRESENT)
3 MOUNTING HOLE
19. Second insulated regulator attaching screw to mounting 4 NUT/WASHER ASM.
hole in brush holder, passing through diode trio (IF USED)
5 REGULATOR ATTACH.
connector and regulator stud connector. Finger tighten. SCREW (INSULATED)
6 DIODE TRIO CONN.
7 DIODE TRIO
20. Secure SRE component fastener in following order
(Fig. 32): MR6030-R1

Figure 31. Regulator Connector, 3-Wire System

Tighten
6 5
(1) Inside output terminal nut to 5.5 N.m (50 lb. in.).
6
(2) Rectifier bridge attaching screws (2 places) to 3.0
N.m (25 lb. in.). 8 7

(3) Insulated capacitor attaching screw to 2.5 N.m (22

lb.in.). 3
4

(4) “R” and/or “I” terminal (2 places, if used inside

nuts to 2.5 N.m (22 lb. in.). It may be necessary to
hold terminal on outside while tightening.
1
(5) Regulator mounting screw (grounding) to 2.0 N.m (20
4
lb. in.).
2
(6) Insulated regulator attaching screws (2 places to 2.0 2
SEE STEP 20 FOR TORQUES
N.m (20 lb. in.). MR6031-R1
Figure 32. Fastener Tightening Order
(7) Regulator nut (if used) to 2.5 N.m (22 lb. in.).

(8) Brush holder attaching screw (pivot) to 2.0 N.m (20 lb.
in.). 5

Install or Connect
1
21. Debris shield mounting stud (if used) with inside
washer to “I” terminal hole in SRE housing. Outside 2
washer, lockwasher, and nut to mounting stud on
outside. Tighten nut to 5.5 N.m (50 lb. in.).
3
22. Stator to SRE housing assembly, placing 3 phase leads
4
over 3 threaded studs on rectifier bridge (Fig. 33). Be
1 STATOR
sure stator is seated in register around edge of SRE 2 PHASE LEADS
housing. 3 SRE HOUSING ASSEMBLY
4 THREADED STUDS ON
RECTIFIER BRIDGE
23. Rectifier bridge nuts to 3 threaded studs on rectifier 5 RECTIFIER BRIDGE NUTS
bridge ( Fig. 33). MR6032-R1
Figure 33. Installing Stator
21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR 1G-286 4/96 PAGE 17

2 Tighten

Rectifier bridge nuts (3 places) to 2.5 N.m (22 lb. in.).

FINAL UNIT ASSEMBLY

Clean
4
3 24. Slip rings on rotor shaft (if not previously cleaned) by
spinning rotor while holding 400 grain polishing cloth
1
around slip rings (Fig. 34). Blow away all copper dust.

1 VISE 25. Rotor shaft where it will slip into SRE bearing by
2 DE FRAME wiping with soft cloth. Shaft must be free of dirt and
3 ROTOR
4 400 GRAIN POLISHING other foreign material.
CLOTH (OVER SLIP RINGS)

MR6033-R1
26. Brushes by wiping with clean soft cloth. Contact
Figure 34. Cleaning Slip Rings surfaces of brushes must be free of grease and other
contaminants. Be sure brushes are pinned in retracted
position and that pin extends through SRE housing for
ALIGN SCRIBE MARKS removal after unit assembly. Remove protective tape
from opening in SRE bearing

27. As required, Capacitor with self tapping screw securely

into available hole in SRE housing.
3
Install or Connect

27. DE frame assembly to SRE frame assembly, aligning

marks made earlier on SRE housing and DE frame (Fig.
35). If mark was lost due to part replacement, use mark
2
on old part or match mounting lugs to application to
1 determine proper frame orientation.

1 DE FRAME ASSEMBLY 28. Thru bolts (4 places).

2 SRE HOUSING ASSEMBLY
3 THRU BOLTS (4 REQ’D)
MR6034-R1 Tighten
Figure 35. Final Unit Assembly
Thru bolts to 5.5 N.m (50 lb. in.).

29. For one-wire systems only, regulator terminal cover to

114 regulator terminals.
2
113
Remove or Disconnect

1 30. Remove brush pin to release brushes onto slip rings

inside unit (Fig. 36).

1 SRE HOUSING END OF

ASSEMBLED UNIT
2 BRUSH PIN
113 CAPACITOR A/R
114 SCREW, SELF TAPPING A/R
MR6035-R1

Figure 36. Removal of Brush Pin

PAGE 18 1G-286 4/96 21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR

ALTERNATOR BENCH TEST With carbon pile load turned off and with battery or
battery set fully charged, make electrical connections
TEST EQUIPMENT NEEDED: as show in Fig. 37. Connect for one-wire or 3-wire type
as applicable. Battery voltage and ground polarity must
l Alternator Test Stand (5000 rpm capability) be same as system in which alternator is used. Check
l Battery or Battery Set (fully charged) and record battery voltage before proceeding with test.
l Variable Carbon Pile Load Test
l Ammeter (current capability at least 15 amps higher 3. Turn on #1 terminal circuit switch (3-wire systems only).
than alternator rating) With carbon pile load “off” start test stand and slowly
l Voltmeter increase alternator speed to 5000 rpm. Observe
l Ohmmeter voltmeter.
This bench test procedure is used to verify that the alternator - If voltage does not increase but remains at or below
is functioning properly prior to installation on the vehicle. previous reading (step 2), there is no alternator output.
This test checks the alternator output in the same manner Skip to step 5.
as the Rated Output Check covered earlier in this procedure.
If bench test equipment is not available, install the alternator - If voltage increases above 15 volts on 12-volt system
on the engine according to manufacturer’s instructions and (or above 31 volts on 24-volt system), voltage is
repeat the Rated Output Check to verify alternator uncontrolled. Recheck alternator for proper assembly.
operation. If bench test equipment is available, proceed as Assure that test tab in “D” hole is not grounded. If
follows: alternator has been assembled properly, replace regulator
as described under Unit Repair and test field coil for
1. Mount alternator in suitable test stand, according to test shorts or grounds.
stand manufacturer’s instructions. Test stand must be
capable of driving alternator at speeds up to 5000 rpm. - If voltage is proper, proceed to next step.
2. IMPORTANT: Battery or battery set must be fully 4. With alternator running at about 5000 rpm, turn on
charged for test results to be valid. carbon pile load and adjust to obtain maximum
alternator output on ammeter without allowing voltage
NOTICE: When a 12-volt carbon pile load test is used on voltmeter to fall below 13 volts (25 volts on a 24-
to diagnose a 24-volt system, attach load test only to volt system).
12-volt potential in battery set. Attaching a 12-volt load
test to a 24-volt potential will damage the load test.

CIRCUITSTO REGULATOR TERMINALS

#1 AND #2 USED FOR 3-WIRE TYPE ONLY -
OMIT THESE CIRCUITS FOR 1-WIRE TYPE
CARBON PILE
LOAD TEST

SWITCH 10-50 OHM “D” SHAPED TEST HOLE

RESISTOR 1 2
OUTPUT LEAD BAT
GRD MAKE GROUND CONNECTION
AT ALTERNATOR
BATTERY

ALTERNATOR

V A

VOLTMETER AMMETER

MR6036-R1

Figure 37. Alternator Bench Test

21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR 1G-286 4/96 PAGE 19

1 1

2
3

1 TERMINAL COVER
1 “D” SHAPED 2 REGULATOR
TEST HOLE IN TERMINALS
SRE HOUSING 3 CONNECTOR
2 TEST TAB ON
BRUSH CLIP
INSIDE UNIT
3 SCREWDRIVER (TILTED 2
TO TOUCH TEST TAB
AND EDGE OF TEST HOLE
AT SAME TIME)
MR6037-R1 MR6038-R1

Figure 38. Using Test Hole Figure 39. Checking 1-Wire Regulator Terminals
- If ammeter reading is within 15 amps of cold output voltmeter to fall below 13 volts on 12-volt system (25
shown under Specification, (page 22) alternator is good. volts on 24-volt system). Record reading then turn off
Turn off carbon pile and stop test stand. carbon pile and stop test stand.

- If ammeter reading is more than 15 amps below - If there is still no output, refer to Unit Repair and check
specification, alternator is not operating properly. rotor and brushes for an open circuit. Be sure that
Proceed to step 5. brushes are assembled properly and in contact with the
slip rings. Check internal electrical connections to be
5. NOTICE: Do not insert screwdriver more than 3/4” sure grounding and insulated mounting screws are
into test hole during this step. The grounding tab on the installed in the proper locations.
brush holder assembly is reached at this distance.
Inserting the screwdriver deeper may result in internal For a one-wire system only, remove the regulator
damage to the alternator. terminal cover and verify that there is a connector
between the two regulator terminals (Fig. 39). If not,
Test hole is provided in SRE housing to allow direct replace regulator as described under Unit Repair.
grounding of rotor field circuit (Fig. 38). Grounding
the brush tab inside this hole bypasses the regulator - If the output is now within 15 amps of the cold output
and turns the alternator on in “full field” mode. If the specification (Page 22), but was not when checked per
alternator output is proper with the brush tab grounded, step 4, check the regulator mounting to assure that
the previous low output is due to conditions within the grounding and insulated mounting screws are installed
regulator. Because the voltage is not regulated and can in the proper location. If assembly is proper, replace
exceed 16 volts in full field mode, the test hole should regulator as described under Unit Repair.
be used only for bench test procedures.
- If there is some alternator output, but it is still more
Insert screwdriver straight into test hole in SRE housing than 15 amps below the cold output specification, check
to make contact with tab on grounding brush. Tilt handle the rotor field, brushes, stator, diode trio, and rectifier
slightly to ground tab to housing at edge of test hole bridge as described under Unit Repair.
and hold. Again adjust carbon pile to obtain maximum
output on ammeter without allowing voltage on
PAGE 20 1G-286 4/96 21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR

ALTERNATOR MOUNTING
7 6 5
CAUTION: Failure to disconnect negative cable at
battery before removing or attaching alternator “BAT”
terminal lead may result in an injury. If a tool is shorted
at alternator “BAT” terminal, the tool can quickly heat
enough to cause a skin burn.

NOTICE: Always reinstall fasteners at original location. 3

If necessary to replace fasteners, use only correct part
number or equivalent.
1 MOUNTING BRACKET 4
2
(ON ENGINE)
NOTICE: On some engine configurations a 1.5µf capacitor 2 SRE HINGE BUSHING
(DRA 1985444) must be installed to the alternator at 3 MOUNTING BOLT
4 MOUNTING NUT
installation. 5 ADJUSTMENT BRACKET
(ON ENGINE) 1
l If correct part number is not available, use only equal 6 FLAT WASHER
7 ADJUSTMENT BOLT
size and strength. MR6039-R1

Figure 40. Installing Alternator on Engine

l Fasteners that are NOT to be reused will be noted in
procedure.

l Fasteners requiring thread locking compound will be

noted in procedure.
SAE
l Use specified torque values when shown. GRADE 5 1.5 in. 1/8 IN. THICK
1/2-13 FLANGED HEX HEAD HARDENED STEEL
ADJUSTMENT BOLT FLAT WASHER
Using or replacing fasteners in any other manner could SAE GRADE 5 OR BETTER 0.55”I.D., 1.2”O.D.
result in part or system damage.

Always follow engine manufacturer’s instructions for

mounting alternator on engine. The following procedure is
typical and may not match all steps necessary for a
6.25 in. 1/2-13 FLANGED
particular application HEAD LOCKING NUT
1/2-13 FLANGED HEX HEAD SAE GRADE 5 OR BETTER
MOUNTING BOLT, SAE GRADE 5 OR BETTER

ALL PARTS ZINC OR PHOSPHATE COATED

TEST EQUIPMENT NEEDED: HARDENEED STEEL WASHERS MAY BE SUBSTITUTED FOR FLANGES
MR6040-R1

l Belt Tension Gage Figure 41. Alternator Mounting Bolts

Remove or Disconnect 4. Alternator adjustment lug to adjustment bracket on

engine, with 1/8” thick hardener steel washer (part no.
1. Negative cable at battery. 1967343) and flanged adjustment bolt (Fig. 40). Finger
tighten.
Adjust
5. Alternator belt to pulley.
2. SRE hinge bushing position so that the mounting lugs
will fit over the bracket spool. 6. If engine uses automatic belt tensioner (idler), skip to
step 7.
Install or Connect
NOTICE: Do not pry directly against stator or SRE
3. Alternator double mounting lugs to mounting bracket housing to adjust belt tension. Force must be applied
on engine (Fig. 40). Adjust hinge bushing in mounting to DE frame as described. Prying only against stator or
lug by tapping endways until it just clears the spool on SRE housing may damage the alternator.
the mounting bracket. Install flanged mounting bolt and
flanged mounting bolt nut. If bolt and/or nut are not
flanged, 1/8” thick hardened steel washers (part no.
1967343) must be substituted for flanges (Fig. 41).
21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR 1G-286 4/96 PAGE 21

If belt tension is adjusted by forcing alternator against

4 1 belt, use suitable pry bar positioned against DE frame
2 of alternator (Fig. 42). If DE frame is not accessible,
3 place wood block along side of alternator against both
4 DE frame and SRE housing and pry against wood block.
6

Adjust
5
Using belt tension gage, adjust to engine manufacturer’s
specification and hold.

Tighten

1 DE FRAME 7. Adjusting lug bolt to 88 N.m (64 lb. ft.).

2 STATOR
3 SRE HOUSING
1 4 PRY BAR 8. Hex mounting bolt nut to 88 N.m (65 lb. ft.).
2 5 WOOD BLOCK, IF NEEDED
3 6 TORQUE WRENCH
MR6041-R1 Measure
Figure 42. Adjusting Belt Tension
9. Belt tension to be sure specification is maintained. If
not, repeat tensioning procedure.

Install or Connect
2

10. “I” and/or “R” (or “Relay”) terminal connectors, if used.

For threaded terminals with a hex base, hold hex portion
of terminal as anti-turn while tightening nut (Fig. 43).
1

Tighten
3
4 M4 “I” and “R” (or “Relay”) terminal nuts to 2.0 N.m
5 1 “R” OR “I” TERMINAL (20 lb. in.).
6 (THREADED TYPE WITH
HEX BASE)
2 HOLDING WRENCH 10-24 “I” and “R” (or Relay) terminals nuts to 2.0 N.m
3 TERMINAL LEAD (20 lb. in.).
4 LOCK WASHER
5 NUT
6 TERMINAL CAP 11. Terminal caps to “I” and “R” (or “Relay”) terminals as
MR6042-R1 necessary.
Figure 43. Threaded “I” and “R” Terminals
PAGE 22 1G-286 4/96 21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR

4
1 REGULATOR TERMINALS
2 REGULATOR CONNECTOR
3 #1 TERMINAL CIRCUIT
(INDICATOR LIGHT)
5 3 4 #2 TERMINAL CIRCUIT
4 (VOLTAGE SENSE)
113 2

1
6
7
1 GROUND LEAD
2 GROUND (GRD) HOLE
2 3 GROUND SCREW
(WITH LOCKWASHER)
4 OUTPUT LEAD
5 OUTPUT (BAT)
3 1 TERMINAL
6 LOCK WASHER
7 NUT
113 CAPACITOR LEAD
MR6043-R1 MR6044-R1
Figure 44. Installing Ground and Output Leads Figure 45. Regulator Connector (3-Wire Systems)

12. Ground lead to “GRD” hole in SRE housing, with ground 21-SI ALTERNATOR SPECIFICATIONS
screw/lockwasher assembly (Fig. 44).
The typical 21-SI Alternator rotor field check at 12 volts is
Tighten 6.7 - 7.1 current amps and 1.7 - 1.8 ohms at 80 o F. The
rotor field check at 24 volts is 2.2 - 2.5 current amps and
1/4” Ground screw to 6 N.m (55 lb. in.). 9.5 - 10.7 ohms at 80 o F.

5/16” ground screw to 11 N.m (100 lb. in.). Cold current output at 80 o F is shown in the following table.

13. Output lead to “BAT” terminal, using lock washer and Alternator Amperes @ 80o F
output terminal nut (Fig. 44). Model
1600 rpm 5000 rpm
Tighten 12V/65A 45 65
12V/90A 48 90
M6 output terminal nut to 11 N.m (100 lb. in.). 12V/100A 60 100
12V115A 55 115
1/4” output terminal nut to 7 N.m (65 lb. in.). 12V/125A 50 125
12V/130A 50 130
5/16” output terminal nut to 11 N.m (100 lb.in.). 12V/145A 40 145
12V/160A* 45 150
14. For 3-wire systems only, regulator connector to
regulator terminals (Fig. 45). 24V/50A 25 50
24V/70A 15 70
15. Negative cable at battery.
*Rated at 160A @ 8300 rpm.

For further information on rotations and exact specification

number on these or other Delco Remy America Products
Call: 1-800-DRA-0222
21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR 1G-286 4/96 PAGE 23

SERVICE PARTS

4 29 27 16 15 23 28 9 19 32 34

10

11

24 8 26 30 13 14 12 7 1 18 2 20

25 33 22 21 5 6 17 3

31

MR6049-R1

Illus. Illus.
No. Name No. Name

1. Housing, SRE 22. Pulley

2. Bearing, SRE 23. Nut, Regulator
3. Rotor Assembly 24. Nut, Rectifier Bridge
4. Stator Assembly 25. Nut. Shaft
5. Frame, DE 26. Screw (& Lockwasher), Rectifier Bridge
6. Bearing, DE Attaching
7. Rectifier Bridge Assembly 27. Screw, Brush Holder Attachment (pivot)
8. Diode Trio 28. Screw, Regulator Attachment (ground)
9. Regulator 29. Screw, Regulator Attachment (insulated)
10. Terminal Package, Output 30. Screw, Capacitior Attachment
11. Terminal Package, Relay or “I” 31. Screw, Bearing Retainer Plate Attachment
12. Connector, Regulator Stud 32. Screw (& Lockwasher), SRE Frame Ground
13. Connector, Relay Terminal 33. Washer, Shaft Nut
14. Capacitor 34. Bolt, Thru
15. Brush Holder Assembly
16. Brush and Arm Miscellaneous:
17. Retainer Plate, DE Nut, Debris Shield Mounting Stud
18. Bushing, SRE Hinge Washer, Debris Shield Mounting Stud (inside)
19. Cover, Regulator Terminal Washer, Debris Shield Mounting Stud (outside)
20. Cap, Relay Terminal Lockwasher, Debris Shield Mounting Stud
21. Fan Stud, Debris Shield Mounting
Connector, Regulator to “I” Terminal
PAGE 1G-286 4/96 21-SI HEAVY DUTY BRUSH ALTERNATOR

Delco Remy International, Inc.

2902 Enterprise Drive
Anderson, IN 46013
For further information and specifications on these and other
Delco Remy Products call: 1-800-DRA-0222

© Copyright DRI, 1G-286 10/97

Delco Remy is a registered trademark licensed by General Motors Corporation.