Lesson 5: The Kartilya of the Katipunan  June 1896: Bonifacio sent Dr.

Pio Valenzuela to
Dapitan to seek Rizal’s advice on the planned
Emilio Jacinto (1875-1899) revolution.
 Pen name: DIMAS ILAW Rizal’s advice:
 Known as the “Brains of the Katipunan” - the timing was not right for a revolution. The
 born in Trozo (Tondo) Manila on December 15, people were not yet ready and they did not
1875 have enough weapons
 His parents were Mariano Jacinto and Josefa - obtain the support of wealthy and influential
Dizon Filipinos first, in order to gain financial
 Background Education assistance
- Secondary education: Colegio de San Juan de - recommended Antonio Luna as commander of
Letran its armed forces
- study law at the University of Santo Tomas Propaganda/ Reform Movement: LA SOLIDARIDAD
 one of the greatest military genius during his (19TH CENTURY DIFFERENT LIBERAL IDEAS THAT
time and youngest writer of the katipunan PENETRATED OUR COUNTRY)
 only 18 when he joined the Katipunan in 1894
and took the symbolic name PINGKIAN  It involved a lot of filipinos from the middle-
 became the advisor on fiscal matters and class studied abroad
secretary to Andres Bonifacio  TRIUMVIRATE OF THE REFORM MOVEMENT /
 edited and wrote for the Katipunan newspaper ILUSTRADOS
“KALAYAAN” (Freedom in Tagalog) -Jose Rizal
 His book entitled KARTILYA was the one used -Marcelo Del Pilar
by the Katipuneros as their guide in fighting the -Graciano Lopez Jaena
Spanish colonizers.
Spanish were not able to give services and clean
 died on April 16, 1899 at the age of 23 years
old because of MALARIA government to the Philippines, it was all about
“ASSIMILATION OF THE PHILIPPINES AS A REGULAR
Kartilya ng Katipunan PROVINCE OF SPAIN”
 best known of all Katipunan texts  reforms in the education
 derived from the Spanish CARTILLA (PRIMER)  equality before the law
 served as the guidebook for new members of  representation in the Spanish courts
the organization which laid out the group's  economic development
rules and principles  secularization
 It is the only document of any length set in print
by the Katipunan prior to August 1896 that is TRIANGLE SYSTEM (recruiting members of Katipunan)-
Each original member would recruit two new members
known to be still extant
who were not related to each other. Each new member
The Founding of the Katipunan would do the same thing, and so on down the line.
 Jose Rizal was arrested by the Spanish
authorities. He was sentenced to death and
Lesson 9: The First Cry of the Revolution (initial move
was exiled to Dapitan in 1893
 La Liga Filipina – a progressive organization of the Filipinos to begin the revolution for
independence)
initiated by Rizal that sought peaceful reforms
 Bonifacio became convinced that the only way CEDULAS- symbolizes the Spanish power/authority of
the Philippines could gain independence was spain over the Filipinos (decided to torn the cedulas)
through a revolution
 July 7, 1892: Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalang August 19, 1896: DISCOVERY OF KATIPUNAN
na Katipunan nang manga Anak ng Bayan  Apolonio Dela Cruz and Teodoro Patinio
or Katipunan (Azcarraga) (KATIPUNEROS and workers of DIARIO DE
 sanduguan (blood compact)- a symbol of the MANILA)
member’s loyalty  The two katipuneros fought because of unfair
salary at work
  because of greed and jealousy, Teodoro told his -the discussion was whether or not the revolution
sister Honoria about the existence of the against the Spanish government should be started
Katipunan on Aug 29, 1896
 The information upset Honoria so much that -only one man protested and fought against a war
she told the orphanage’s Mother Superior, Sor and that was TEODORO PLATA (against dun sa day
Teresa de Jesus, what her brother had revealed. ng revolution)
Sor Teresa suggested they seek the advice of - after the meeting they tore their cedulas and
Father Mariano Gil, the  parish priest  of Tondo. shouted “LONG LIVE THE PHILIPPINES!”
 Father Mariano Gil-accompanied by several
Guardias Civiles immediately searched the
premises of Diario de Manila and found Santiago Alvarez’s Account
evidence of the Katipunan’s existence.  One of the leaders of the cavite revolution,
 hundreds of suspected KKK members known as “KIDLAT NG APOY”
were arrested  FIRST CRY: AUGUST 24, 1896
 AFTER THE DISCOVERY OF KATIPUNAN, Andres  FIRST PLACE: HOUSE OF APOLONIO SAMSON
Bonifacio proceed to a designated meeting IN KANGKONG TO REST
place outside the city to plan on their next  August 22: Bonifacio ordered his men to
move. guard the house of Apolonio Samson
August 30, 1896 – prompted by the spread of -Because of fear of a sudden attack by the
enemies, they moved to BAHAY TORO
rebellion led by Andres Bonifacio, Spanish Gov.
Gen. Ramon Blanco declared martial law in 8  August 23: MOVED IN BAHAY TORO (House of
Cabesang Melchora)
provinces
 August 24: MEETING IN BAHAY TORO
1. Manila -revolution should start at midnight of
Saturday, August 29, 1896
2. Cavite -if opportunity arise, the revolution could be
3. Laguna started earlier than the agreed time and date.
-the immediate objective was the capture of
4. Pampanga Manila
5. Bulacan  After the meeting, they shouted “LONG LIVE
THE SONS OF THE PEOPLE!”
6. Bataan
7. Nueva Ecija Guillermo Masangkay’s Account
8. Batangas  A friend and fellow katipunero of Andres
Bonifacio
 FIRST CRY: AUGUST 26, 1896
Dr. Pio Valenzuela’s Account: official date and place of  BIG MEETING IN BALINTAWAK AT THE HOUSE
the first cry were largely based OF APOLONIO SAMSON
 Leaders of KKK were against the start of the
 FIRST CRY: AUGUST 23, 1896 revolution
 official of the Katipunan and a friend of Andres  Bonifacio feel that he would lose in the
Bonifacio who was present during the event discussion so he gave the decision to the
 FIRST PLACE OF REFUGE: BALINTAWAK people who were waiting outside the hall
 August 22: FIRST MEETING IN KANGKONG AT  “REVOLT” the people shouted as one
HOUSE AND YARD OF APOLONIO SAMSON  In spite of the protests of the leaders of
-500 members in Katipunan attended Katipunan, they still voted to start the
-WALANG NAPAGKASUNDUAN revolution.
 August 23: SECOND MEETING IN PUGAD LAWIN AT  They shouted “LONG LIVE THE PHILIPPINE
HOUSE OF JUAN RAMOS (son of melchora aquino) REPUBLIC”
-1,000 members in Katipunan attended
  Antonio Montenegro support Severino’s
suggestion and said that the members of
Katipunan are TULISANES or BRUTES
Lesson 10: The Tejeros Assembly  These words of Antonio hurts Santiago Alvarez
and defend their organization which is the
 Because of the defeat of the Katipunan on the KATIPUNAN
first day of revolution, Bonifacio and his men  Bonifacio was chosen to be president at the
retreat to the mountains of Montalban meeting because Lumbreras ought not to
(MORONG, RIZAL) preside at the continuation of the meeting.
 KKK IN CAVITE  Bonifacio agreed to establish a new
-Magdalo: KAWIT (AGUINALDO) government, abolishing the Katipunan. They
-Magdiwang: NOVELETA (BONIFACIO) proceeded to the election of the following
-the 2 groups form a revolutionary government officers of the Republic
(PAMAHALAANG PANGHIHIMAGSIK) -President: Emilio Aguinaldo
 December 31, 1896: IMUS ASSEMBLY -Vice President: Mariano Trias Closas, Severino
-to end the rivalry de las Alas suggests that Bonifacio should get
-to determine the leadership in cavite the position for vice president since he had the
 March 22, 1897: TEJEROS ASSEMBLY 2nd largest number of votes
-to discuss how to protect and defend the -Secretary: Artemio Ricarte
province of Cavite  Daniel Tirona- protest that Andres Bonifacio
should not be in the position for Minister of the
Artemio Ricarte’s Account Interior and instead it was Jose del Rosario who
is a province lawyer
 One of the officials of magdiwang faction  Andres Bonifacio got insulted and declare the
 Ricarte was elected in the Tejeros Assembly as assembly closed as the president of the session
Captain-General of the revolutionary
government
 March 22: Men of Magdalo and Magdiwang Andres Bonifacio’s Account
filled the Tejeros estate house
 The session opened under the presidency of  This account wrote after the Tejeros Election
Jacinto Lumbreras (CHAIRMAN) who explained  He discovered that before the election, people
the purpose of the meeting in Imus had secretly did evil intention for the
 Severino de las Alas wants to discuss the kind election. It was for this reason that Captain
of government existing in the country Emilio Aguinaldo was elected President.
 Lumbreras replied to Severino “from the time  March 23, 1897
the Katipunan was established the country had -went to Tanza for OATH TAKING
been ruled by the Supreme Council, the -Issued “ACTA DE TEJEROS”
provincial and popular councils -NAIC MILITARY AGREEMENT: Hindi kinilala si
 Andres Bonifacio explained the significance of Emilio Aguinaldo bilang leader
letter “K” in the center of the sun on the flag
which means LIBERTY (KALAYAAN) Santiago Alvarez’s Account
 Severino said that neither the letter “K” on the
flag nor the flag itself has anything to do with  March 25: Tejeros Assembly
the character of the government existing  Almost same to the account of Artemio Ricarte
whether it was a monarchy or republic  FRAUD IN ELECTION- Mr. Diego Mojica, the
 Bonifacio replied that the katipuneros, from the Magdiwang secretary of the treasury warned
president of the Supreme Council to the most the Supremo that many ballots distributed were
insignificant member, recognized the principles already filled out
of UNION, FRATERNITY and EQUALITY on which
it was very clear that the government of the Case file of Andres Bonifacio
Katipunan was in republican form  TREASON- for trying to overthrow Emilio
Aguinaldo and his government
 SEDITION- revolution
Brother of Bonifacio Spanish-American War (April 25, 1898)
 Procopio  USA (REGIONAL POWER)
 Ciriaco -because they defeat British empire twice
 Troadio -presence of Pacific and Atlantic Ocean
-Gen. Mariano Noriel- the one who made a letter of -connected in 4 major continent (north
instruction of Bonifacio brothers’ death America, south America, Europe, Africa)
-Pio del Pilar- signatory under Naic Military Agreement -JAMES MONROE (5TH PRESIDENT OF USA)
(TRAITOR) -walang access sa asia (PHILIPPINES=GATEWAY
-On May 10, 1897, four days after his trial, Andres TO ASIA)
Bonifacio and his brother, Procopio, were fetched from  Emilio Aguinaldo left Hongkong and went to
their prison by soldiers led by Lazaro Macapagal Saigon (Vietnam). Isabelo Artacho filed case to
(EXECUTED BONIFACIO BROTHERS)
Emilio
 After Vietnam, he went to SINGAPORE and
Lesson 6: The Act of Proclamation of Independence of talked to E. SPENCER PRATT--- US-FILIPINO
the Filipino People COLLABORATION against the Spaniards
 Emilio went back to Hongkong and met
 Emilio Aguinaldo ROUNSEVILLE WILDMAN. Purchased weapons
-wealthy and influential family worth 117,000 pesos. Wildman recommend to
-created a new government (BIAK-NA-BATO establish Dictatorial Government
REPUBLIC)---kinopya lang sa CUBAN  May 1, 1898- Battle of Manila bay (American
CONSTITUTION OF JIMAGUAYU won over Spanish)
-Felix Ferrer and Isabelo Artacho- writers of the  May 19,1898- Emilio returned to Philippines
biak-na-bato republic (PLAGIARISTS) (Second Phase of the Revolution began---
 Biak-na-bato Republic (July 1897) SPANIARDS)
- Expulsion of the friars and the return of the  June 12, 1898- INDEPENDENCE WAS DECLARED
friar lands to the Filipinos -Dictatorial government
-Freedom of the press and of religion -Apolinario Mabini was against the declaration
-Equality for all before the law because they realized that the AMERICANS
-Representation of the Philippines in the WILL BECOME OUR NEW COLONIZERS
Spanish Cortes  requisite of independence state:
-Abolition of the government’s power to banish -recognition of international community
Filipinos -maintain sovereignty
 The Pact of Biak-na-Bato
- Pedro Paterno (PEACE NEGOTIATOR) between Spain and USA- MOCK BATTLE OF MANILA
Aguinaldo and Gov. Primo de Rivera---TO STOP (INTRAMUROS)
THE REVOLUTION -fake battle
- an agreement between Aguinaldo and the
Spanish forces was made that the Spanish -emilio was present
government will grant self-rule to the -ayaw ng mga Espanyol na sumuko sa mga Pilipino gusto
Philippines in 3 years if Aguinaldo went to exile nila sa mga Amerikano
and surrender his arms
- In exchange, Aguinaldo will receive P800,000 Treaty of Paris- signed on December 10, 1898
(Mexican Pesos) as remuneration to the -binenta tayo ng Spain sa USA worth 20 million
revolutionaries and an amnesty. After receiving
a partial payment of P400,000, Aguinaldo left
for Hong Kong on December 27, 1897. 
  He was involved only in securing the retraction
document but had not been personally witnessed
rizal’s retraction
White man’s burden
- responsibility of white man to civilize the uncivilized Rafael Palma’s Critical Analysis
and educate the uneducated
 Rizal was not reconciled with the Catholic
-not colonizers but seek to help us Church, judging from the way they treated him
-ended for 40 years after his death
1. the original document of the retraction of
-the existing government vanish after signing the treaty rizal was kept secret by the authorities
American-Philippine War (Feb 4, 1899) 2. when the family of rizal asked for the original
document of marriage with Josephine Bracken,
-laging talo yung pilipinas both petitions were denied
3. Rizal’s burial was kept secret and never give
-iniwan ni Apolinario Mabini ang kabinete
it to the family who claimed it
-pinatay si General Luna (the best among the ranks). 4. no masses were said for his soul or funeral
Itinatag nya ang “GUERRILLA WARFARE” kaso hindi na held by the catholics
natuloy kase pinatay sya 5. he was not buried in the Catholic cemetery
of Paco but in the ground without any cross or
-ang mga amerikano alam nila ang ating gusto na stone to mark his grave
“Kalayaan” 6. Rizal figures on a page in the book burials is
-ang mga Pilipino gusto nilang i-prolong yung war kaso not identified. In other words, he was
itinigal na ng amerika kasi ubos na yung mga resources considered impenitent and did not receive
nila at wala na ring silbi kung makikipaglaban pa sila. spiritual aid
7. no moral motive for the conversion. What
was the motive that could have induced him to
adjure masonry and reconcile himself to the
Lesson 11: The Rizal Retraction
rites of the religion which he had fought?
Fr. Vicente Balaguer’s Statement
 one of the Jesuit priests who visited Rizal during his
Austin Coates’s Critical Analysis
last hours in Fort Santiago
 he solemnized the marriage of Josephine Bracken -retraction is a FRAUD. It is a work of man not of a
and Rizal hours before the hero’s execution church
 Formula of retraction and profession of faith, is
composed by Reverend Father Pio Pi (shorter and
more concise formula) Lesson 13: The Philippine Constitution
 Father Viza- prelate formula of retraction
 Rizal chose the formula retraction of Father Pio  Constitution- defined as the FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF A
because his style is simple as Rizal. NATION OR STATE
 To make it appear more of his own, he wished to - “the highest expression of the law”
introduce some little modifications
Purpose:
 Before Rizal reached Bagumbayan, Balaguer
delivered the document to father pio pi and he - It describes the kind of government that will
handed it to archbishop Nozaleda exist in the state
- It creates the different departments and
Fr. Pio Pi’s Statement
specifies their respective functions and duties
 Jesuit Superior in the Philippines during the time - It is the source of the sovereign powers of a
when Rizal was excuted government by establishing the fixed, first or
basic principles
- It promotes public welfare
 The constitution is written by a constitutional -FIRST DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT OF THE
convention—a body assembled for the express COUNTRY
purpose of framing or writing a constitution revising -nawala nung PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR
an existing one or proposing amendments to it.
 After writing the constitution, it is submitted to a  1935 Constitution and the Commonwealth
plebiscite for ratification in which the people will Government
decide whether it is acceptable or not -Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison---known
 The results are then followed by the government for FILIPINIZATION POLICY (filipinos were given a hand
in running the country)
-women’s right to vote
History of the Philippine Constitutions -JONES LAW (1916)
 Also known as the Philippine Autonomy Act
 The Biak-na-Bato Republic Constitution (1897) was passed the US Congress
-in spite of being a copied constitution, the  Created the Senate of the Philippines
constitution had its own unique features: Its preamble  Harrison- formed the Council of State
reiterated the objective of the Revolution which was  Resident Commisisioners- these were filipinos
“THE SEPARATION OF THE PHILIPPINES FROM THE sent by America as spectators to observe the
SPANISH MONARCHY AND THEIR FORMATION INTO process in US Congress
AN INDEPENDENT STATE WITH ITS OWN  Hare-Hawes Cutting Act- first US law passed
GOVERNMENT” setting a process and a date for
-the government that was formed was a Supreme the Philippines to gain independence from
Council (order laws, collect taxes, raise an army, ratify the United States. It was the result of
treaties) the OsRox Mission led by Sergio
-the official language was TAGALOG Osmeña and Manuel Roxas.
-Articles XXII to XXV were essentially the Bill of Rights  Tydings-McDuffie Law- known as Philippine
accorded to every Filipino independence act
-Commonwealth Government- United States
 The Malolos Republic Constitution (1899) territorial government, and was established by
-After the Philippine independence was declared, the Tydings–McDuffie Act. The Commonwealth was
Aguinaldo ordered the convening of a Congress in designed as a transitional administration in
Malolos, Bulacan preparation for the country's full achievement of
-group led by Pedro Paterno decided to create a independence
constitution to form a government that would -Tomas Cabili of Lanao- felt that the constitution did
recognized by foreign powers not serve the people of Mindanao
-mabini was against this for he believed that peaceful -the 1935 constitution of the Philippines served as the
conditions should first prevail before a constitution fundamental law of the land from 1935-1972
should be drafted -NAKAMIT NG MGA PILIPINO YUNG KALAYAAN SA
-mabini was overruled by paterno KAMAY NG MGA AMERIKANO
-Felipe Calderon- submitted a draft constitution
(inspiration from the constitutions of Mexico, Belgium,
Guatemala, Costa Rica, Brazil and France)  Japanese Occupation and the 2nd Philippine
-discussion was focused on the issue of the union of Republic (1943 Constitution)
CHURCH and STATE where Catholicism would be the -Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere Program
state religion  the Japanese offered to grant the
FIRST REPUBLICAN CONSTITUTION IN ASIA Philippines its independence
-based on democratic traditions with 3 distinct  they came here to remove the USA in the
branches—EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE, JUDICIAL face of Asia wanted to prove the
-presidential form of government with the president Philippines that they don’t want to be the
elected for a term of 4 years enemy
-recognized the freedom of religion and the -Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong
separation of the church and state Pilipinas/KALIBAPI--- a Filipino political party
-emphasized the basic civil rights of not only Filipinos during the Japanese occupation elected a phil
but foreigners through a bill of rights
 commission for phil independence TO WRITE A -everyone in the barangay regardless of status had
NEW CONSTITUTION access on the land and mutually shares resources and
-the 2nd Philippine republic was inaugurated with the fruits of their labor
Jose P. Laurel as president
-land cultivation was done commonly by kaingin system
-1943 constitution was basically a condensed
wherein land was cleared by burning the bushes before
version of the 1935 constitution consisting only of
planting the crops
a preamble and 12 articles
-TAGALOG was declared the national language -MARAGTAS CODE: only recorded transaction of land
sale during this time. It is about the selling of the Panay
Island by the natives to the ten datus in exchange of
golden salakot and a long gold necklace.

 1973 Constitution and the Marcos Dictatorship

-Eduardo Quintero accused marcos of bring  Spanish Era
delegates to vote for a provision to extend the
-the colonial government at this period introduced a
presidential term of office and to change the
Pueblo Agriculture: they practiced no share cropper
form of government
class or landless class. It is a system wherein native
-Declared MARTIAL LAW because of economic
rural communities were organized into pueblo and each
crisis
Christianized family is given 4-5 hectares of land to
 rebellion
cultivate.
 invasion
-Created a parliamentary form of government -the concept of encomienda (Royal Land Grants) was
(PRESIDENT AND PRIME MINISTER) introduced. It is a large tract of land given to Spaniards
-It was abolished by the declaration of EDSA (Encomiendero)
PEOPLE POWER REVOLUTION (1986)
-Encomiendero: to manage and have the right to
receive tributes from the natives cultivate it.
 The Freedom Constitution (1986)
-President Cory Aquino signed proclamation no. -Natives within these areas became mere cultivators
3 “declaring a national policy to implement the working for a share of crops. They did not even have
reforms mandated by the people, protecting any rights to the land
their basic rights, adopting a provisional
constitution and providing for an orderly
transition to a government under new  First Philippine Republic
constitution” - Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo declared in the Malolos
Constitution his intention to confiscate large estates,
 The 1987 Constitution especially the so-called FRIAR LANDS
-consists of 18 articles with a preamble
-limit the power of the president -However, as the Republic was short-lived, Aguinaldo’s
-3 BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT: plan was never implemented
1. EXECUTIVE- headed by the President and
Cabinet
2. LEGISLATIVE- headed by the senate president
 American Colonization Period
and the house of representatives
3. JUDICIARY- composed of supreme court -purchased the friar lands to get the support and
headed by the chief justice and the lower courts loyalty of the Filipinos
-they will grant you a piece of land or will sell it for
a cheap price
Lesson 14: Agrarian Reform -Tayug Uprising in Pangasinan (1931) and
Sakdalista Uprising (1935): prompted the
 Pre-colonial times (before 16th century)
government to address the agrarian problem
-Before the Spaniards came to the Philippines, Filipinos -President Manuel L. Quezon espoused the
lived in villages or barangays ruled by chiefs or datus
"SOCIAL JUSTICE" program to arrest the increasing
 agrarian unrest in Central Luzon and to alleviate -Republic Act No. 34 -- Established the 70-30
the poverty of the farmers. sharing arrangements and regulating SHARE-
-Art. II, Sec. 5 of the 1935 Constitution: "The TENANCY CONTRACTS
promotion of social justice to ensure the well-being -Republic Act No. 55 -- Provided for a more
and economic security of all people should be the effective safeguard against arbitrary ejectment of
concern of the State" tenants from the land they are cultivating
-Philippine Bill of 1902: disposal of public lands
wherein a private individual can own 16 hectares  ELPIDIO R. QUIRINO (1948-1953)
of land while the corporate land holdings can avail -Executive Order No. 355 issued on October 23,
of 1,024 hectares. This also gave the rights to the 1950 -- Replaced the National Land Settlement
Americans to own agricultural lands. Administration with Land Settlement
 Commonwealth Era Development Corporation (LASEDECO) which
takes over the responsibilities of the:
-Commonwealth Act No. 178 (An Amendment to RICE 1.)Agricultural Machinery Equipment
TENANCY ACT NO. 4045), Nov. 13, 1936 – Provided for Corporation
certain controls in the LANDLORD-TENANT 2.)Rice and Corn Production Administration
RELATIONSHIPS
 RAMON MAGSAYSAY (1953-1957)
-NATIONAL RICE AND CORN CORPORATION (NARIC),
1936 – Established the price of rice and corn thereby -Republic Act No. 1160 of 1954 -- Abolished the
help the poor tenants and consumers LASEDECO and established the National Resettlement
and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA)
-RURAL PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION, March 2, 1939 –
-Republic Act No. 1199 (AGRICULTURAL TENANCY ACT
mandated to facilitate the sale or lease of the
OF 1954) -- governed the relationship between
haciendas to the tenants landowners and tenant farmers by organizing share-
-legislation of these planned programs was stopped by tenancy and leasehold system. The law provided the
many of the landowning legislators in the security of tenure of tenants. It also created the Court
Commonwealth National Assembly who would be of Agrarian Relations
affected it they would pass these laws -Republic Act No. 1400 (LAND REFORM ACT OF 1955) --
Created the Land Tenure Administration (LTA) which
was responsible for the acquisition and distribution of
 3rd-5th Philippine Republic large tenanted rice and corn lands over 200 hectares
 JAPANESE OCCUPATION- peasants and workers for individuals and 600 hectares for corporations
organizations grew strength. Many peasants took -Republic Act No. 821 (Creation of Agricultural Credit
up arms and identified themselves with the anti- Cooperative Financing Administration) -- Provided
Japanese group, the HUKBALAHAP (Hukbo ng small farmers and share tenants loans with low interest
Bayan Laban sa Hapon) who later changed their rates of six to eight percent.
name to Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayaran
 DIOSDADO P. MACAPAGAL (1961-1965)
(People’s Liberation Army).
-Republic Act No. 3844 of August 8, 1963
-Hukbalahap controlled whole areas of Central (AGRICULTURAL LAND REFORM CODE) -- Abolished
Luzon; landlords who supported the Japanese lost share tenancy and provided for the leasing of agrarian
their lands to peasants while those who lands to farmers.
supported the Huks earned fixed rentals in favor -The RA was hailed as one that would emancipate
of the tenants. Filipino farmers from the bondage of tenancy
 MANUEL A. ROXAS (1946-1948)
 FERDINAND E. MARCOS (1965-1986)
-Presidential Decree No. 2, September 26, 1972-- -launched the Magkabalikat Para sa Kaunlarang
declared the entire country a land reform area Agraryo or MAGKASAKA
-The DAR forged into joint ventures with private
-Republic Act No. 6389, (CODE OF AGRARIAN REFORM)
-- Created the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR). It investors into agrarian sector
strengthens the position of farmers and expanded the
scope of agrarian reform.  GLORIA MACAPACAL-ARROYO (2000-2010)
-Department of Agrarian Reform was re-named
-Department of Agrarian Reform was renamed the twice. (Department of Land Reform and got back
Ministry of Agrarian Reform in 1978 when the to using DAR again)
government adopted the parliamentary system - extend the CARP for another 5 years beginning
-Presidential Decree No. 27, October 21, 1972 -- July 2009
Restricted land reform scope to tenanted rice and corn
lands and set the retention limit at 7 hectares  BENIGNO AQUINO III (2010-2016)

 CORAZON C. AQUINO (1986-1992) -The younger Aquino distributed their family-

-Republic Act No. 6657 or otherwise known as the owned Hacienda Luisita in Tarlac. Apart from the
COMPREHENSIVE AGRARIAN REFORM LAW (CARL). said farm lots, he also promised to complete the
The law was signed by cory and became effective on distribution of privately-owned lands of
June 15, 1988. productive agricultural estates in the country that
-CARL was enacted to a lawful basis for the have escaped the coverage of the program.
implementation of the CARP -DAR: provides farmers support for their
-program was a failure because Cory was a member agricultural production. The farmers also
of the Cojuangco family which owned one of the competed with foreign agricultural products
largest haciendas in Luzon (THE HACIENDA LUISITA) which entered the local market through the
Promises of EDSA: economic liberalization program of the
- Restoration of democracy government
- Better lives of the Filipinos
- Economic development TYPES OF TAXES
- Security of other Filipinos and Provinces  NATIONAL- paid to the government through the
*if it were fulfilled, there were no marcoses in the Bureau of Internal Revenue
administration 1. Capital Gains Tax- imposed on gains by a
seller from the sale
 FIDEL V. RAMOS (1992-1998) 2. Documentary Stamp Tax- tax on documents
-revived public trust in the agrarian reform program and papers like bank promissory notes
-Republic Act No. 7905 – Strengthened the 3. Donor’s Tax- tax on a donation or gift
implementation of the CARP. 4. Estate Tax- tax imposed on the privilege of
-Executive Order No. 363 – limited the land transmitting property upon the death of the
conversion scheme by making certain types of owner
agricultural land as non-negotiable for conversion 5. Income Tax- tax on all annual profits
-Republic Act 8532- (AGRARIAN REFORM FUND 6. Percentage Tax- business tax imposed in
BILL) –provided an additional Php50 billion for CARP entities who sell goods, properties or services
and extended its implementation for another 10 whose gross annual sales do not exceed the
years. amount required to register as VAT-registered
taxpayers.
 JOSEPH E. ESTRADA (1998-2000) 7. Value-Added Tax- imposed from the seller in
-Executive Order N0. 151 (FARMER’S TRUST FUND) the course of business on every sale of goods
Allowed the voluntary consolidation of small farm and services
operation into medium and large scale integrated 8. Excise Tax- imposed on goods manufactured
enterprise that can access long-term capital. or produced in the Philippines for domestic sale
 9. Withholding Tax on Compensation- tax from Lesson 8: Artworks
individuals receiving purely compensation  Photographs and Illustrations- reflect social
income arising from an employer-employee conditions of historical realities and everyday life
relationship and indicate the situations of past societies
10. Expanded withholding Tax- only for a  Editorial Cartoons- sources of political expression
certain payor like those withheld on rental or propaganda in the historical era in which they
came out
income and professional income
 El Candidato Longino- issue of the Lipang-
11. Final Withholding Tax- only for certain
Kalabaw (weekly satirical magazine published in
payors and is not creditable against the income Manila
tax due of the payee for the taxable year -shows Philippine Assembly candidate
12. Withholding Tax on Government Money Dominador Gomez as the Roman centurion
Payments- tax withheld by government offices Longinus delivering the final spear blow to the
 LOCAL- taxes imposed by the local government crucified freedom fighters (Makario Sakay,
units such as provinces, cities, municipalities Francisco Carreon, Julian Montalan and Lucio
and barangays de Vega
 Popular Manifestation in Honor of the
Triumphant Candidate of the Southern District
of Manila- a cartoon form the magazine lipang-
Lesson 7: Speech of President Corazon C. Aquino
kalabaw depicts the festivity or parade of
 11th president and FIRST FEMALE PRESIDENT Filipinos celebrating the election of their
of the Philippines. She restored democracy popular candidate
after the long dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos  Watch for the Saboteurs- sponsored by the
 Known for leading the People Power League of Women Voters of the Philippines
published in 1951
Revolution in 1986 which restored democracy
-Pres. Elpidio Quirino- wrote to the league
to the country
saying that the booklet graphically shows the
 Background of the Document:
defects of both the individual and the society
-NINOY’S CAPTIVATING AND ASSASSINATION  Espana y Filipinas- Spain was shown to be
-SNAP PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN 1986: The leading the Philippines along the path
Election proved to be a farce, thuggery and to progress and development
fraud
-Ferdinand Marcos won and declared by his
allies at the Batasang Pambansa Lesson 12: Historical Sites
-“BOYCOTT” – Cory Aquino, to the products of National Historical Commission of the Philippines
businesses that supported Ferdinand Marcos, in (NHCP)- responsible for the conservation and
protest preservation of the country’s historical legacies
-Juan Ponce Enrile (defense minister of
Marcos) and Gen. Fidel Ramos (AFP Vice-Chief
of Staff) announced their defection from the
Marcos government. This led to the People
Power Revolution
Marcos flown to Hawaii, lived in Exile

THE JOINT SESSION OF THE U.S. CONGRESS

-Cory Aquino ask for financial aid to the

Philippines
-She also conferred with then Pres. Ronald
Reagan
-Met American businessmen to convince them
to invest in the Philippines