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Cleaner Production of Basic Chromium Sulfate - With A Review of Sustainable Green Production Options - PubAg

This article discusses options for more sustainably producing basic chromium sulfate, a chemical used in tanning leather. Currently, the production process inefficiently reduces chromium (VI) to chromium (III) using sulfur dioxide, resulting in toxicity. The researchers studied how pH, temperature, and sulfur dioxide concentration affect absorption in the production tower. They increased the conversion rate from 70% to 80% by optimizing operating conditions. Treating waste with ferrous sulfate or sodium sulfide further reduces chromium (VI) levels. The researchers suggest several methods to eliminate remaining chromium (VI) and provide cleaner production.

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143 views2 pages

Cleaner Production of Basic Chromium Sulfate - With A Review of Sustainable Green Production Options - PubAg

This article discusses options for more sustainably producing basic chromium sulfate, a chemical used in tanning leather. Currently, the production process inefficiently reduces chromium (VI) to chromium (III) using sulfur dioxide, resulting in toxicity. The researchers studied how pH, temperature, and sulfur dioxide concentration affect absorption in the production tower. They increased the conversion rate from 70% to 80% by optimizing operating conditions. Treating waste with ferrous sulfate or sodium sulfide further reduces chromium (VI) levels. The researchers suggest several methods to eliminate remaining chromium (VI) and provide cleaner production.

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modikirit
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Cleaner production of basic chromium sulfate – with a


review of sustainable green production options
Author:
Panda, R.C., Selvasekhar, Siddharthan, Murugan, D., Sivakumar, V., Narayani, T.,
Sreepradha, C.
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2016 v.112 pp. 4854-4862
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
absorption, chromium, ferrous sulfate, landfills, leather, leather industry, leather
tanning, mathematical models, pH, probability, response surface methodology, sodium
dichromate, sodium sulfide, solid wastes, sulfur dioxide, sustainable technology, tanning
agents, temperature, toxicity, India
Abstract:
Ferrochromium and chromium based compounds are produced worldwide from
chromite ore. Chrome chemicals are from chromium based compounds. Basic-chromium-
sulfate (BCS) is a chrome chemical mostly required as main tanning agent in chrome
tanning process in leather industry and also to synthesize other chromic compounds.
During the preparation of basic-chromium- sulfate, sodium dichromate containing
chromium (VI) is reduced to chromium (III) by sulfur-di-oxide in a packed tower at a
chemical process industry (B&M Chemicals, India) where the BCS is produced at
suboptimal efficiency due to inefficient (suboptimal) absorption of sulfur-di-oxide (as the
gas enters the tower at a higher temperature) followed by reaction. Improper reduction
leads to the presence of unconverted chromium (VI) that imparts toxicity, not only
through product basic-chromium- sulfate but also through leather and articles produced
using this chemical. Design and operating conditions of the packed bed absorber were
found and effects of pH, temperature and concentration of SO2 on the performance of
absorption were studied. The reaction is favored at pH 4. The overall efficiency of
conversion in the tower is increased from 70% to 80% by operating the column at optimal
operating conditions obtained using response surface method. Dispersion is achieved by
random packing that provides complex countercurrent flow path resulting in greater
probability of entraining gas inside the tower. Profiles of basic chromium sulfate are
obtained along the height of the tower by solving mathematical models of the reactive
absorption process. Chromium (VI) is 99% reduced to chromium (III) in the product.
Leached residues and liquid wastes are treated with either ferrous sulfate or sodium
sulfide to convert chromium (VI) to chromium (III) to provide sustainable technology.
Treated solid waste is stored before safe disposal in hazardous landfill facility. As
chromium (VI) is highly toxic, several sustainable methods are suggested to eliminate it
from effluent to provide cleaner and sustainable production environment in the industry.
Agid:
5649938
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.05.123

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DOI (10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.05.123)

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