DR. K. M.

NADKARNI'S

INDIAN
MATERIA
MEDICA
With Ayurvedic, Unani-Tibhi, Siddha, Allopathic,
Homeopathic, Naturopathic & Home Rem,edieS)
Appendices & Indexes

<Originally edited by the late Dr. K. M. NADKARNI, F.S.SC,

L.A., (Lond.): M.C.S. (Paris) M.BR.PH.C. (Lond.) etc.)

Third Edition
Revised & Enlarged by
A. K. NADKARNI

IN TWO VOLUMES • VOLUME TWO

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 CONTENTS
VOLUME TWO
Part II
MINERAL KINGDOM .. •• 1-13S

Part III
ANIMAL KINGDOM .. .. •• 135-234

APPENDIXES
I, Drugs (officinal and non-officinal) ac-
<L'aKdxa.<|, t a t,b5ala.^Q^Jl^.ca.l. and. vhjjslQlQ?-ical
actions .. .. .. •• 235-274

II. Drugs, preparations and their Specifit^ ^^^

more important uses in diseases •• 274-313

IIL Equivalents and substitutes for impoftant »

foreign etc. drugs .. .. • • 313-326

Therapeutic Index of diseases and ^^^

ments (with their equivalents in Sans-
krit) and their remedies .. • • 327-400

IV, Approximate percentage, composition,

and calories etc. in foods and dietetic
articles .. .. •• 401-415

V. Vitamins in foods and dietetic articles;

(vitamin requirements of man) • • 415-526
Vitamins in Fruits .. .. • • 426-435
Addendum to above table of vitamins etc.
incl'dding Fish Food-value chart • • 436-487

VI. Principal forms of Ayurvedic medication

and methods of their preparation and uses
in brief •• 487-506
 Vn. Therapeutic Agents, with their defini-
tions, brief explanations and a few
examples .. .. .. .. 506-528

INDEXES

Index List of Plants in this book arranged according

to their Natural Orders .. .. .. 529-615
Index List of Natural Orders, Genera and Families,
appearing in this book, with their respective
alternatives, English and Indian equivalent
^ names .. .. .. .. 616-622
T Index List of Indian Plants and Drugs from which
Mother-tinctures and Extracts etc., are pre-
pared according to the Homoeopathic system of
medicine .. .. .. .. 623-637
Index of Preparations, Combinations, Substances
and allied products of all kinds .. .. 638-664
Index of Chemical Constituents (Mjijor and minor;
significant and insignificant) .. .. 665-714
General Index—Cross Index of SJ^nonyms (in all
languages, dialects, etc.) .. .. 715-968
"To be a Physician is to my mind the
grandest thing in the world. A good -physician
is a God-serid in any comnnunity and a bless-
ing in the consulting room.''

—Dr. Jones, M.D., D.Sc, Ph.D.

"There is neither East nor West, nor Border,

nor Breed, nor Birth, when too strong Forces
of Civilisations and Cultures stand face to
face, tho' they come from the ends of the
earth".

—Dr. Walter Eugene Clark, Ph.D.,

Prof, of Sanskrit in the University of Chicago

"We live in tirmes of a New Renaissance. Old

values, ancient traditions and out-dated con-
cepts are crumbling fast under the impact of
a changing world. Thinkers exhort all to
think and act in terms of a greater humanity,
to raise above the mean limitations that crip-
ple our growth and retard our progress, to
consider everything and being as our brothers,
irrespective of all accidents of birth and con-
spiracies of circumstances. And, in all things
that affect us to gaze at new horizons and
'hitch our wagons to the stars'. Humanity is
one! Truth is real! Culture is our food
and drink—Unity and Progress through
Culture!!!".
 THE

INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

PART II

(MINERAL KINGDOM)

1. ADAMAS

Sans;—Heeraka; Hirakam; Vajra. Eng.—Diamond. Fr.

Diamant. Pers.—Almas. Hind. Ben. & Mah.—Heera. Tel.—
—Bajar. Mai. & Tarn.—Vairam; Vayaram. Can. & Kon.—
Vajra.
Source.—Obtained from mines, formerly from Grol-
conda (Deccan); now mostly from Johannesburg in South
Africa.
Characters.—^A gem of the most valuable kind con-
sisting of pure carbon and remarkable for its hardness and
clear transparency and brilUance.
Classification.—It is divided into classes according to
its colour and form:—^The white coloured; the red coloured;
the yellow variety; the black variety. The round sized one
with high gloss and line or spot is termed male.
Purification & Preparation.—Diamond is purified b y
being enclosed within a lemon and boiled in the juice of
the leaves of Agati grahdiflora. It is reduced to powder thus.
—A paste is made of the root of a cotton plant with the juice
of some betel leaves, both the vegetables being not less than
three years old. The diamond is then enclosed within this
paste and roasted in a pit of fire. This process is repeated
seven times, when the stone is easily reduced to a fine powder.
Another process consists in roasting the diamond enclosed in
a paste made of horn-shavings for three times in succession-
2 THE INDIAN MATERIA ADEDICA

it can also be purified after having it beaten with horse's

urine land then cooking it in the putapaka process.
Action.—Diamond thus prepared is a powerful alterat-
ive, tonic, stimulant, improves nutrition, increases the strength
and firmness of^the body and removes all sorts of diseases.
Dose is about 1 grain. It generates the secretion of semen
and is always preferred for medicinal purposes. For internal
administration prepared or purified white diamond is pre-
ferred, the red-colored is beneficial in various diseases and
prevents premature death. -The yellow Variety gives strength.
The black variety is also beneficial in several ailments.
Uses.—Diamond forms an ingredient of several alterat-
ive and tonic medicines such as Trailokya Chintatnani Rasa,
Ratnagiri Rasa, Sarvangasundara Rasa etc, which contain be-
sides diamond, pearls^ gold, iron, talc, mercury, etc., in vary-
ing proportions and are used in similar cases. Trailokya
Chintamani Rasa contains diamond, gold and pearls one part
each and iron, talc and Rasa Sindura 4 parts each, rubbed
together with the juice of Aloe indica and jnade into two grain
pills. Another preparation called by the same name contains
the above ingredients minus iron and also prepared coral,
orpiment, realgar and aconite. It is useful in gastric dis-
orders, general debility, asthma, phthisis, diarrhoea, colic,
anaemia, sexual debility etc. Dose is 1 to 3 pills of one grain
each, three times a day.

2. ALUMEN

Sans.—Sphatikari; Surashtraja; Kamakshi; Tuvari. Eng.—

Alum; Sulphate of Alumina and Potash or of Aluminium and
Ammonium; Aluminous sulphate. Pers.—Shab-i-yemeni; Zake
bilor; Zake-safed. Arab.—Shabb-Zaje-abyaz; Zaj. Hind.—
Phitikhari; Phitkari. Ben.—Phatkiri. Bom.—Sambe-mani.
Guj. & Dufc.—Phatkari. Mah-.-^Turati; Phatki. Tarn.—Pati-
karam; Padikharam; Shinacarum. Tel.—Pattikaramu; Padi-
kharam. Can.—^Phatikara. Sink.—Shina-karan. Bwrm.—
Khiii; Kyouh-kyen; Keo-khin, Malay.—^Tawas.
 WITH AYURVEDIC; UNANI •& HOME REMEDIES S

Source.—Chiefly found with peroxide of iron in Silajit

or in Alum earths of Nepal or prepared from the alvun shales
in the Punjab, Rajputana, Bihar and Cutch States. As
found in the bazaars, it is often mixed with impurities; it may
be rendered fit for medicinal purposes by dissolving it in boil-
ing water, straining the solution and evaporating it- so as to
obtain crystals, which should be preservied for use. Alum is
a general name for a class of double sulphates containing
aluminium and such anetals as potassium, ammonium, iron,
etc.
Characters.—Colourless, transparent crystals, with acid^
sweetish astringent taste.,
Action.—Astringent, caustic, haemostatic, antispasmodic
and antiseptic; irxitant and purgative in large doses; emetic in
repeated doses. I t constringes small vessels and organic fibres
and thus acts in diminishing the exhalations, secretions and
supply of blood to a part.
Uses.—It is useful in leucorrhoea, haematuria, haemop-
tysis, menorrhagia, gastric and intestinal catarrh and other
haemorrhages; in fluxes of the respiratory passages with pro-
fuse ropy mucous phlegm; in chronic diarrhoea and dysentery
and in atonic discharges generally. In chroiiic diarrhoeas, a
mixture containing 10 grains of alum, 5 drops of laudanum and
I2 ounces of infusion of acorus root, given thrice daily is
useful. In the diarrhoea preceding cholera and in the diar-
rhoea of phthisis, a compound powder of alum, catechu and
cinnamon each 10 grains mixed with honey is given in repeated
doses. It is useful also in strangury and vomiting in small
doses i.e., 2 to 10 grains. Ten grains of it arrests the spasms
of asthma. In narcotic poisoning in children it is a good and
efficient antidote. In whooping cough, after the first or acute
stage has passed, alum in doses of 2 to 4 grains according to
age of the child, given twice or thrice a day, in the form of
powder or in solution in Omum water (1 in 60) in doses of a
teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful for a child from 1 to 4 years
old, given thrice a day is most beneficial. For asthma and
cough alum 5 grains in half an ounce of rose water is given-
twice a day. Persons bitten by serpents are made to drink
buttermilk or water mixed with 6 mashas (72 grains) of good
4 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

alum powder—(J. L.. Duveji). In obstinate cases of malaria

desiccated alum in 5 grain doses with some aromatic compound
powder to disguise the taste given 2 hours before the expected
rigour with only a teaspoonful of ^vater has given very satis-
factory results. In injuries which result in concussion of the
brain or spinal cord or in severe sprains or fractures the first
thing given is alum 5 grains with treacle or sugar. In croup
a teaspoonful mixed with honey or syrup is an excellent
emetic. In obstinate hiccup one-drachm doses given two or
three times a day induce vomiting and stop hiccup. If the
powder isr taken with very little water there is less likelihood
of its inducing vomiting. In frequently repeated . doses of
30 grains alum relieves lead colic by precipitating soluble salts
of lead. Alum 45 grains mixed with treacle is given inter-
nally for guinea-worm. Alum in 5-grain doses thrice a day
with the juice of Adhatoda vasica works wonderfully in cer-
tain forms of leucorrhoea, especially when the flow is tinged
with blood. In haemorrhages from kidneys, uterus and other
internal organs alum in doses of 10 to 12 grains thrice daily
with or without opium is given with benefit, hut not when
much fever is. present. Alum whey or 'lime whey' prepared
by boiling for 10 minutes two drachms of powdered alum in
a pint of milk and strained is beneficial in doses of i to 2
ounces thrice daily in menorrhagia and bleeding piles. "As
a haemostatic, its use is recommended in bleeding from the
nose and other mucous surfaces."^ Dr. H. C. Sen has "derived
satisfactory results" from alum-whey in cases of enteric fever.
It is palUative in diabetes and albuminuria also. Externally,
alum forms one of the ingredients of some hair dyes and hair
lotions. It is applied in a saturated solution, i.e., 5 per cent
in bleeding from, the nose, gums, vagina or the rectum; as a
styptic, in leech bites, cuts etc.; in prolapsus ani and prolapsus
uteri. Locally applied it checks sweats in the armpits, groins
and soles of the feet. Weak solution (1 to 2 p.c.) is used as
a lotion to ulcers and chilblains; as "an astringent gargle
in a strength of 2 drachma to a pint of decoction of gall or
Babul dark or of plain water"^ it is used in relaxed or ulcerat-
ed sore-throat, aphonia, atony of the larynx, spongy or bleed-
ing gums, loose teeth, ulcers of the mouth and tongue, fissures
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 5

of the tongue jri consumption, in excessive salivation etc.; it

is locally applied in diphtheria, croup and 'pharyngitis; as a
coUyrium (preferably mixed with rose-water) it is used in
chronic and purulent ophthalmia, chronic conjunctivitis,
generally in what is known as country sore eyes, especially
among children, for whom a solution of 3 to 6 grains to an
ounce of distilled water or rose-water is sufficient. Its solu-
tion is also used as an injection in gleet and leucorrhoea.
"Alum lotion, internally, is administered to check haemorrhage
from lungs, stomach, kidneys and other organs or to arrest
excessive menstrual flow".^ In inflanimation round the ear,
a paste made of alum and gypsum equal parts- and Gile-armani,
(Armenian Bole) is applied; in otorrhoea it may be dropped
into the ear. In recent eccbymosis, contusions^ sprains etc.,
poultices made of wheat bran and the solution of alum or
of 30 grains of powdered alum mixed with the white of an
egg are highly useful; the latter are useful chiefly in cases of
severe blows on the eye and the consequent pain, heat and
swelling. In aphthae and thrush, spongy gums and other
affections of the mouth powdered alum with honey, is used
with benefit. It is often sprinkled over indolent ulcers,
especially chronic umbihcal ulcers of infants, and used as' a
^uff in epistaxis; or a gauze weit with alUm lotion (5 p.c.) is
plugged in the nose. Similar alum plugs combined with
glycerine or alum douches may be used in leucorrhoea. The
solution may be used also as a nasal spray if the lesion is
higher up in the nose. In cases of post partum haemorrhage
or menorrhagia, sterilized cotton plugs saturated with alum
powder or sterilized alum lotion (5 p.c.) immediately stop the
bleeding. A lotion made of alum and borax 40 grains each
and 8 ounces of water is useful in weeping eczema. Alum
powder mixed with talc and zinCiOxide is a good remedy for
sweating feet. A powder composed of alum 1 part arid gile-
armani and Catechu i part each, is an application to swollen
gums and in toothache. In bleeding piles, cloths saturated
with a solution of alum in decoction of galls or of Babul bark
(in the proportion of 2 drachms of alum to 8 oimces of the
decoction) are kept constantly applied to the parts; this is
useful in prolapsus of the anus especially in children.' A
 THE INDIAN MATERIA. MEDICA

weaker solution, i.e., of two drachms to the pint of the decoc-

tioHj forms a useful gargle in diseases of the mouth and throat
above-mentioned and as useful injection in leucorrhoea and
other vaginal discharges. In discharges from the urethra,
caused by a sore or excoriated surface between the prepuce
and the head of the. penis often confounded with gonorrhoea,
a 4 p.c. solution applied twice or thrice daily is very bene-
ficial. For gleet and urethral stricture, Zad-Garib prescribes
for injection a lotion made of alum. 1 tola, Nila^tutiya (blue
vitriol) 70 grains and water 1 seer, dissolved by aid of heat,
strained and cooled. This is used for urethral injection. In
chronic gonorrhoea 1 or 2 p.c. solution with potassium perman-
ganate is used. "In old chronic, spreading and gangrenous
ulcers an application made of finely powdered alum 4 drs.,
finely powdered catechu 1 dr., opium 4 dr., and ceromel or
Kokum butter or ghee 1 or 2 ounces, applied on a soft rag,
night and morning is very excellent".'* For bed sores or
where these are likely to occur, a mixture of 30 grains of
b u r n t alum and the white of an egg, is painted, over the part.
For traumatic swellings and enlargement of the joints especial-
ly that of the knee and for other swellings from blows, bruises
or sprains, cloths wet with the lotion of alum 4 drs., vinegar
and Arrack 1 pint each, are .kept applied to the affected part'.
In scorpion and insect bites, alum moistened with water and
locally applied affords instantaneous relief.—(Dr. Saunders-
Waring).
(1), (2), (3) and (4)—CSiopra's "I. D. of I." pp. 563/564.

3. ALUMEN EXSICCATUM
(Dried or burnt alum) is used as an astringent and caustic
to check unhealthy granulations; used in indolent ulcers and
and ulcerative stomatitis.

4. ALUMINII SILICAS
{Sans.—Kharyamitti, Eng.—^Felspar; Clay; Silicate of Alu-
mina. Hind.—Chikni or Sufaid mitti; Lang-i-dalam. Duk.-^
jEChar; Dhoi-huvi-khari. Pers.—Kadi; Gilsufeid. Guj.-—Khadu.
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 7

Tarn, and Tel.—Namon. Mai. and Can.—Nama) under peculiar

circumstances and By the action of the Carbonic acid gas of
t h e air suffers after a long time complete decomposition and is
converted into a. soft, friable mass of earthy matter resembling
soft mortar. When the decomposing rock contains, besides
•felspar, oxide of iron, the clay produced is iron-coloured. ITie
dark appearance of some clay is due to its containing bitumi-
nous matter. Prepared or purified pipe-clay is used in medi-
cine as a dusting powder.

5.: GQPICHANDAN
(Sans.—Shoraktri. Hind.—Pani-soka. Ben.—Sugandamitti;|
is so named from a lake called Gopi, near Dwarka^ wherefroni
it is taken. It is a kind of d a y — a manganesium iron and an
aluminium yellow earth found in pieces of various shapes. Its
smell resembles that of 'Multani mati, another kind ai clay.
Water poured upon it is soon absorbed. It is used as an absor-
bent powder dusted on unhealthy ulcers and wounds. It is
cooling and desiccant. It is applied with rose-water, as a paste,
to the forehead to relieve headache, and also to inflamed boils.

6. KAOIJNUM
(Satis.—Gairika; Krishnamrittika. Eng.—China clay;
Kadlinite; Kaolin; Porcelain clay; Red ochre. Ben.—Giri-
rQati; Gainika. Hind.—Chikmimati; Geru. Sinli.—Kiramatti) is
a native white aluminium silicate found in Ceylon, China etc.
It is obtained by purifying native white felspar or aluminiunx
silicate by elutriation which removes silica and undecomposed
felspar. It is thus converted into a soft, friable, whitish earthy
mass. It is pulverizable, insoluble, in water or in dilute acids.
P u r e Kaolin contains alumina 70, silica 26, and iron oxide
4 p.c. It has been in medicinal use since the earliest dawn of
medical history. Discorides of Cilicia, who. lived about the
dawn of the Christian Era, describes five different kinds of
clay in medicinal use in his materia medica. Galen attributes,
its discovery to Hermes Trismegistes, the teacher of Aescu-
lapius. Avisenne, most famous of Arab physicians (98() to
8 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDIGA

1039 A.D.), describes the v.arious kinds of clay in medicinal

.use in Ids era. In the middle ages it came to be extensively
tised for all sorts of complaints, such as epilepsy and cardiac
"diseases, and not unnaturally fell into disrepute under such
improper usage. Subsequently in slight demand as an exci-
•pient for pills and pastes, it has remained for Stumpf of Wurz-
burg in 1898 to almost re-introduce this valuable medicament
to the profession. His attention to its value was first drawn
b y noting in 1882 that a corpse which had been buried for 37
months, and which was then exhumed for medico-legal exa-.
Biination, had been buried in a clay soil and was in a Jtnost
extraordinary state of preservation. In 1886 he commenced
to use clay as a paste in the treatment of old standing septic
wounds with most gratifying results as to deodorisation, pro-
tection from irritiation^ and healing. In 1900 Stumpf began
the internal treatment of cases of cholera, dysentery, diarrhoea
and septic wounds by oral administration of kaolin. During
the iperiod after the Treaty of Bucharest when the Serbian
armies returned to theii: homes. Dr. Kuhne was in charge of
a cholera: camp in Belgrade and also of a similar one at Nish.
During this period Dr. Stumpf came to Dr. Kuhne and begged
to be a[llowed to treat the cholera cases with kaolin. Cases
which were apparently desperate were handed over to him,
with the result that n e x t d a y they were not dead, b u t recover-
ing. Persevering in this line of treatment, the mortality in
these cholera camps dropped jErom 44 p.c. to 3 p.c.! It :proved
far more efficacious tJian injections of anti-serum, injections of
iodine, or hypertonic saline treatrnent. Also it was far more
practicahle. Dr. Kuhne w;rites that he b a s now adopted kaolin
treatment in alt general cases of intestinal disorder in place of
bismuth, charcoal, talc etc. In tlie treatment of cholera, the
following prescription is advocated.—Into 250 c.c. of cold boiled
water pour 100 gms. of finely pulverised kaolin. This is shaken-
until a perfectly homogeneous, yellow-white creamy liquid is.
obtained, A tumblerful of this mixture is given to the patient
orally every half hour or every hour to six or more doses. A s
a rule, after the sixth dose the patient falls asleep and all
acute symptoms are over. The treatment is continued w i t h
smaller dosage over the next few days and the patient should
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES <-«

be able to leave Jiospital in from 5 to 10. days' time. If it should

prove impossible to administer the emulsion by the mouth it
may be given by the stomach, tube or b y enema,—giving at
least three litres of the suspension per dose in the latter case.
When making the emulsion the kaolin should always he added
to the water, and not vice versa. Other accessory treatment
the author' considers to be Superfluous. For the first 18 hours
after the admission nothing else should be given by the mouth
except plain cold water. The advantages of kaolin treatment—
if it be as successful as the author claims (says the Indian Me-
dical Gazette, Feb. Ii926) are obvious. It can be administered
by any one, even by this patient himself; accurate dosage is
not necessary; in art hour a medical attendant can deal with
a hundred patients; the treatment is not painful, is free from
danger, and requires ho special appliances; it can be used as
a prophylactic measure; it is 'equally applicable to all forms
of diarrhoea and dysentery; lastly it is very cheap. Should the
true diagiwsis.be choleraic dia/rrhoed and not true cholera, only
good and not harm, is done.
Kaolin probably owes its value to (a), absorption on the sur-
face of its fine molecules of toxins; thus,, it is of great value in
cases of food poisoning also; (b) its rriechanical protective coat-
ing of the acutely inflamed gut. Finally^ the range of thera-
peutic application of kaolin is riot confined to intestinal dis-
orders, and in relieving bleeding from internal organs; it is of
value in infantile diarrhoea; as a local application in diphthieria
of the throat and on, burns; for local treatment in leucorrhoea
and in vaginal and uterine inflammation and lastly, for disin-
fection of the surgeon's hands before operation, where thorough
rubbing of the hands with purified kaolin will—'it is believed—^
remove all septic infection from the skin without causing the
irritation of the skin so clommon with the use of the usual
surgical antiseptics! "Personally" says the editor of the Gazette
"we have now been using kaolin in the treatment of intestinal
disorders for some two years-^^especially in the treatment of
bacillary dysentery. Morson's electrically precipitated "Osm
o-kaolin" is probably the best preparation. It may be said that
such treatment is exceedingly well tolerated by the patient;
is often very successful from a clinical point of view; and is a
10 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

^measure of distinct therapeutic value. The usual dose given,

js 2 drachms suspended in water or milk every four hours
during the acute dysenteric phase". For other uses of kaolin
?ee B.P,
The different kinds of clay are the mineral deposits from
the disintegration of felspathic rock. They are, besides KaoUn,
ah follow:—(1) Red bole or Ochre (Guj. & Hind.-^Gerumati)
is a SiUcate of Alumina and oxide of iron; this relieves bleedr,
ing from internal organs. (2) Bole Armeniac ( G u j . ^ G u l e -
Armani. Rind.—Ghermumitti) is Silicate of Alumina, Magr '
nesia and oxide of iron. This is refrigerant, astringent, ab- •
sorbent and antiseptic; (3) Multani Mati and Gopichandan
are both varieties of Bole Armeniac; (4) Pipe Clay (Guj.—•
Khadu) above referred to, and. (5) Silicate of Alumina, Lime
and oxide of iron {Hind.—Gill) uses of this are like 'v^ultan}
•mati'.

A mixture of clay and vinegar is used by peasants in some

districts as a cooling local application in. fevers. In the treat-
ment of aneurism, in neurosis of the heart and in the treatment
of the disagreeable pulsations' in hysteria, clay is appHed with
success; after an. application, of a paste of clay to a pulsatile
tumour, not only the subjective conditions ias the asthmatic
symptom and cardiac pain, but also the objective symptoms
namely the pulsation and the volume of the tumbiir become di-
minished.—(Prof. Botkin, Dr. Pirogoff and other Russian sur-
geons).. .In cases of hysteria, not only the epigastric pulsa-
.tions become reduced but also the intensity of the other dis-
turbances of the abdominal organs, with the disappearance of
the vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pains, became notably
reduced. In Wologda (Russia) women soothe: the pains of
hysteria by applying clay to the soles of the feet. Dr. Louea-
•dhevitch reports several cases of gonorrlioeal epididymitis
promptly cured by the application of white moulding clay of
Sculptors made into a paste with water. The dressings are
removed twice, a day; .the swellings are said to subside on the
2nd or 3rd day. Pale or yellow Ochre (Indian Bazaar:^
Multani mati) is used externally in combination with fresh
lemon juice and oil or curd and rose-water for rubbing and
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 11

Washing head, which removes dandruff, softens the hairs, and

keeps the head cool. Pipe clay and anunoriium chloride in
equal parts made into a paste are applied to the temples in
headache.

7. AMMONn. CHLORIDUM or AMMONIUM GHLOEroE

(See also:—Saline Substances)
(Sans.—Navasara; Navasagara; Chulika lavana. Eng.
—Sal Ammoniac. Arab.—Armina; Milhunnar. Punj. &
Pers.—JNToshadar. Kash.—Nausadan. Hind.-^Navasadara;
Nousadar. Ben.—Navasagara. Nishadal. Duk. Guj.
Mah. & Kon.—Navsagar. Tarn. • & Sinh.^Nava-
charam; Nava-charum. Mai. & Tel.^^Navasaram.
Burm.—Lovas; Zarasa) as obtained in the bazaars is
generally very impurie in dirty white or brownish translucent
<:akes, "as it is manufactured from a kind of clay found at
K a m a l in the Punjab".—(Chopra). It is obtained by the com-
bustion of eixcretions of various animals or of anirnal matters
or by burning coals or common salt. It is a seconday product
in the. manufacture of coal gas. It is generally obtained in
India from unburnt extremities of brick-kilns in which manure
of animals, especially camel's dung' is used as fuel. To this,
coal and common salt are added and sublimed. It is thus
obtained in white granular crystals or transparent masses. It
is readily soluble in water and is highly deliquescent. It
has a saline, disagreeable, nauseous and pungent taste. It can
be purified and made into a powder by dissolving in hot water
and evaporating to dryness and then bottling. It is alterative,
expectorant and cholagogue in small doses; in large doses pur-
gative. It has a marked stimulating action on the mucous
membranes, increasing their secretion also oh the absorbent
system and on gland structures. It relieves hepatic conges-
tion and modifies hepatic secretions; useful is cases of hepatic
abscess, chronic hepatic congestion and in dropsy connected
with the liver and ovarian diseases; in cirrhosis and in jaun-
dice from catarrh of the bile ducts. For hepatitis, sal-ammo-
niac 8 to 15 grains, mixed with 105 grains of Absinthiuni (worm
12 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

wood), rubbed well in a mortar with a little water and given

in a single dose will give relief (Hakim & ,Vaidyan). In
gastric catarrh in biliousness with coated tongue, foetid breath,
flatulence etc., in bronchial and vesical catarrh, in chronic
pharyngitis with glairy mucous secretions and whooping cough
it is valuable, combined with liquid extract of glycyrrhiza or
syrup of; Country liquorice and with a few grains of powdered
cinnamon, in cases of whooping cough. In amenorrhoea, dys-
menorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhoea, chronic dysentery and other
similar chronic discharges from lungs, stomach and other in-
ternal organs it is given dissolved in conjee water (2 drachms
to. a pint) in wineglassful doses every second or third hour.
"In hysteria, nervousness, jaundice and other liver complaints
and gastric catarrh, doses of 10-20, grains three times daily
are beneficial. It is often prescribed as a stimulating expec-
torant in chronic bronchitis and in pneumonia in the stage of
a^esolution."'—(Chopra), In^ various forms of neuralgia, in
chronic liver diseases, organic or functional, in rheumatic af-
fections of the face etc., it is given in infusion of Indian Sarsa-
parilla; in intermittent fever, in sick or nervous headaches,
acute alcohoUsm and in delirium tremens its action is very
marked, given dissolved in camphor julep, In dropsy due to
liver disease and in that foUowing fevers, it is administered
with infusion of Moringa or decoction, of Astercantha. As an
alterative it acts, by slowly modifying the nutrition of the
tissues; it is a useful agent in chronic inflammatory diseases of
the glands such as thyroid body, liver and spleen, and in indura-
tion of the uterus, ovaries and the prostate and externally for
fomentation in the form of a lotion (1 in 80). In urinary dis-
eases chiefly where the urine is full of lithates it is very user
ful. Externally its solution combined with nitre is a nice cool-
ing and stimulant application to the head in .headache, "sprains,
rheumatism, lumbago,^ sciatica" (Chopra), mania and apoplexy,
and for inflamed erysipelas and hernial tumours; in inflamed
hydrocele, indolent tumours,, in enlarged glands, in (mammary)
.milk abscesses occurring after confinement and abscesses in
other parts of the body before formation of matter, in chronic,
skin diseases and as a dressing for bruises and blows on the
eye (black eye), For milk abscesses etc., it is used as lotion
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME "REMEDIES l3

with Arrack and rose-water (1 in 8 and 160 parts respectively).

Mixed with sulphide of arsenic, .it is used a;s an application to
scorpion bites. As an inhalation in affections of the air pas-
sages its vapours produced by heating a drachm of it on a
dish, are useful. Ammonium Chloride is recomniended for
local appUcation in cases of cataract.—(Ilaj-ul-Gurba)*

8. ANHMONII SULPHIDUM or ANTIMONY SULPHIDE

(Sans.—^Srotonjana; Sauvira. Eng.—Kermes mineral; Black
antimony; Sulphide of Antimony. Ben.—Surma. Hind.—Anjan;
Surmaka-patthar. Arab.—Ismad; Kohal. Pers.—Sagl-surmah.
Guj.—Surme; Kuhl-anjan. Duk.—Anjan. Mah. & Kon.—
Surmav. Tarn.—Anjanamai. Tel.—Nilanjanam; Katuka. Can.
Anjana. Burm.—Tay-lak-youk) is found in Vizianagram and
in several parts of the Punjab. It is a tersulphide of antimony
purified by fusion and reduced to a black powder. The pow-
der is used as an application to the eye-lids and eye-brows
especially by women in Upper India and as a cosmetic to
improve the .personal appearance. When thus applied it is
supposed also to protect the eyes from the glare of the sun by
absorbing the rays. An Awjan or CoUyrium is recommended
by Pdt. J. L. Duveji as a cure for impaired eye-sight, ophthal-
mia, cataract, itching, redness, irritation etc., in the eyes, in
short as a remedy for several eye-complaints. I t is prepared
thus.—Take half a tola each of borax, purified ammonium chlo-
ride, cuttle-fish-bone, saltpetre, Sang-basri, alum flower, kernel
of Butea frohdosa root, and kernel of mustard seeds and ten,
tolas of antimony (sulphide) and pestle them well in a mortar
for three hours mixing lemon juice. Sieve well after getting
them dried in a shady place before filling in phials which should
be kept well corked. Internally antimony sulphide is seldom
used, except occasionally as a tonic for horses.

9. ARGENTUM
Sans.—Rajata; Rupya; Tara. Eng.—Silver. Fr.-^^Arzgent.
Ger.—Silber; L. Argentum. Ben.T-^Rupa. Arab..—Fazzeh;
14 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Faddah, Pers.—Nokta. Hind. & Mah.—Chandi. G u j . ^ R u p u n . '

Kon,—Rupeh, Tarn. & MaL—Velli. Tel.-^Vendi. Can.—Belli.
Sink.—Peddi, Burjn.—Ngway.
Source.—Found throughout the mineral kingdom in a
metallic state often alloyed with other metals, gold, arsenic,
copper etc., or combined with sulphur, iodine, chlorine etc.
There were silver mines in Sind, Agra, Delhi and Lahore—
(Ain-i-Akbari), In ancient times silver was obtained from
galena (lead sulphide) which contains a minute quantity of
silver. Even now silver is derived from this source in many
places—(Jour. Ayur. F e b . 1926).
Characters.—^A soft, white, brilliant and ductile metal; it
does not oxidize when exposed to the air, but is soon tarnished
by vapours of sulphur. It is piirified in "the same way as gold.
Preparations.—Silver leaf is prepared like gold leaf;
Tara Bhasma (Black oxide of silver). Silver leaves are
treated with twice their weight of Cinnabar and heated in the
subliming apparatus. The mercury rises u p and collects in
the upper vessel and silver in powder fo^m remains in the
lower vessel. Prepared silver is thus sulphide of silver and
not oxide of silver. It contains 84 p.c. of silver and 16 p.c. of
sulphur. Dose.—of the leaf,—1 to 2 grains; of the powder,—•
-I grain.
Action.r—Silver leaf and Bhasma (powder) are tonic,
stimulant and aphrodisiac. Silver is said to be "acidulous,
sweet, astringent, cool, demulcent, purgative, emetic, cons^
tipative, alleviative of wind and bile"—(N. N. Sen Gupta).
According tO' Rasaratna Samucchaya it is "acid-sour in taste,
sweet in action, cooling, purger, destroying of Vayu and
Kapha, appetiser, enervator of digestive heat, rejuvenator and
nourisher of memory and intelligence."
Uses.—The silver leaf and powder aire given in combina-
tion with stimulant confections and with various aphrodisiac
medicines. They are highly recommended in excessive heat
in the body, hectic fever, phthisis, chest affections, impotence
and seminal weakness; also in painful arid irritable condition
of the stomach and intestines, in h e a r t - b u m and in chronic"
 WITH AYURVEDIC,, UNANl & HOME. REMEDIES l5

diarrhoea, in uterine diseasesi as leucorrhoea, meriorrhagia etc.,

and in irritability of the, uterus. SUver enters into the com-
position of several remedies as Yogafaja (See urider Asphal-
tum), Jayamangala Rasa, Vrihat vata gajankusa etc. Iri
hysteria, hypochondriasis and other nervous affections, a
confection made of gaozuban, amber, silver leaves and sugar
equal parts is useful. As an alterative tonic and aphrodisiac
in general debility, impotence etc., a pill known as Mafia-
lakshmibilas Rasa, is used; it is made up of the oxides of
silver and orpinient (prepared) 1, prepared Talc 8, prepared
mercury and sulphur each 4, prepared tin 2, prepared copper
2, camphor, nutmeg and mace each 4 and seeds of Argyreia
specipsa and of dhatura each 2 parts, all mixed together,
rubbed with the juice of betel leaves and made into pills of
about 6 grains each. In dyspnoea of phthisis a preparation:
known as Kanchanahhra is recormnended; it is corhposed of
gold and silver, red sulphide of mercury, burnt coral and
pearl, iron and mica, jnusk,^ realgar, and embelia
myrobalan. In asthma and other complaints of difficult
breathing, a preparation named Swasa Gajankusa made of gold
and silver, mica, tin, camphor, red sandal wood, close, inalati
flower (Echites caryophyllata?) with juice of Adhatoda.vasaka,
is recommended. In cases of obesity, a preparation made of
silver leaf 4, long pepper 6, black pepper 2, Cyperus rotimdus
2, rock salt 2, and borax 4 parts; the whole triturated in cow's-
urine is Useful. Dose is grains 2 to 10 or even 20. It also
increases appetite etc.— (Khory). Externally the powder has;
been used and on sore nipbles, foul ulcers etc. Silver leaf
applied to ulcers forms a soluble albuminate with the serum
excreted. Other actions and uses of silver are similar to those
of gold, b u t somewhat inferior.

10. ARSENUM; ACIDUM ARSENIOSUM

Sans.—Sankhavisha, Darumucha; Sambaliakshara. Eng:—

Arsenious Acid; White oxide of arsenic; White arsenic; flowers
of arsenic. Arab.—^Sammula far. Pers.—^Margemosha. Hind.
—Sankhya.. Duk.—Safed sambala. Ben.-r—Surnbulkhar. Guj.—
16 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Spmal khar. Mah.—Sankhya sambala. Tarn.—-Vella pashanuin.

Tel.—^Tela pashanum. Can. & Kon:—Sankhya pashana,
Burm.—Tein; Hypso. Sinh.—Sudu pasanum. Mai.—Waran-
ganpulih.
Source.—Found in arsenical ores as arsenates of iron,
nickel or cobalt; commercial arsenious acid is obtained by
roasting the native ores, in the form of a sublimate. The
metal arsenic is widely distributed in nature, but in small
quantities. With oxygen it forms arsenious acid.
Characters:—^The by-product arsenious acid exists as a
solid, heavy, white powder, or stratified masses or minute
transparent and glass-like crystals, tasteless, soluble in water
(1 in 100), in boiling water (L in 10), in glycerine (1 in, 5),
very slightly in alcohol, in alkahes and their carbonates and
in hydrochloric acid,
Action.—In very small doses, it is stomachic, general and
nervine tonic, alterative and antiperiodic; and a cardiac, res-
piratory, intestinal and sexual stimulant. Externally, irritant.
"Arsenic alters our constitution in such a manner that our
vital resistance becomes capable of combating many diseases"
— (H. C. Sen).
Purification.—White arsenic is purified by being soaked
in lemon-juice or the juice of the plantain tree. Dr. H. C.
Sen's method consists in boiling the powdered arsenic tied iri
a cloth for about 3 hours in milk on a slow fire and subliming
it in a closed vessel. This boiling, in milk mitigates its action;
sublimation increases its penetrating power.
Uses.—It is used in a variety of diseases; but chiefly in
fever, either alone or combined with other substances. Some
physicians administer ghee containing arsenic (sublimed or
atomised after being boiled in milk on a slow fire for a long
time, so that the sublimate may be absorbed in the cream)
in gradually increasing doses from a minim to two with milk. '
This preparation has better effect than that of the B. P. To
increase immunity from diseases arsenic is administered in
gradually increasing doses, generally in the beginning of
winter or in the rainy season. To prevent the cumulative
 WITH AYUR\'EDIC, UNANI & ; H 0 M E REMEDIES IT

action of the drug aiid also to soothe its irritative effect a mild
purgative, generally ihei' infusion of t h e three myxobalans in.
purgative doses is taken during the course of arsenic. During
the course plenty of fatty food like milk, ghee, butter etc.,
should be taken. In chronic liver complaints, in lienferic
diarrhoea, arsenic in minute doses is very useful. In very
bad cases of diarrhoea with anasarca, minute doses of arsenic
with opium are administered, with great benefit; but salt
and water are stopped altogether until the patient is fairly
convalescent—(H. C. Sen). A preparation known as Jvara-
brakma'stra prepared in cow's urine and in the juice of Celsia
coromarideliana (Kokasima) and. prescribed in "Tantroctah"
(book) for recent and chronic fevers, ague and remittent,
fevers is, administered in minute quantities (the weight of a
mustard—about one-ninth oj a grain) with a lump of sugar
in intermittent fever before the paroxysm comes on. An-
other preparation called Darubrahma rasa is recommended in.
"Sankshipatasarah" (book); it consists of white arsenic, cinna-
bar, datura seeds and long pepper, equal parts, xnade into
four-grain pills with lemon juice; they are given with the
juice of Ocimum sanctum in remittent fever with shivering,
incoherent speech or wandering, profuse perspiration or much
heat of body and difficult breathing. Chandesvararasa is yet
another preparation recommended by the same authority and
consisting of, equal parts of mercury, sulphur, aconite, pre-
pared copper and white arsenic, prepared in the juice of fresh
ginger and in the juice of- Vitex negundo, and made into pills,
about a grain each and administered with the juice of fresh
ginger. Along with this medicine, inunction with oil, cold
bathing and nourishing food should be used. In Malaria, Dr.
R. L. Purahik of Nanded (Deccan) has been using concentrated
infusion of chiretta with. Liquor Arsenicalis in minim doses
and the preparations of Gulahcha with great success, even
where quinine and neo-salvarsan have failed. Pills made of
Arsenic, sulphide of mercury, chebulic myrobalans and Trikatu
are used in malaria, anaernia, diabetes, psoriasis etc., in doses
of 1 to 4 pills of 1 grain each, three times a day after meals.
These were tried in 59 cases of malaria, in the out-patient's
Department of the General Hospital, Madras, and "found to be

2
IS THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

useful in checking the attacks of malarial fever"^-(Ind. Drugs

R e p t Madras). Dr. H, Ci Sen says that "the use of arsenic,
(prepared in the Ayurvedic method) with the three myiXH
balans (triphala) or simply chebulic myrobalans or any other
mild purgative to prevent its cumulative action is sufficient
to save the villagers from dyspepsia or malaria. Arsenic*
when taken in lai^e doses and continued for a long time often
leads to emaciation and gastric and intestinal catarrh. As a
rule it should be taken after meals. Enlarged lymphatic
glands, often yield iinder its treatment. By its use obesity is
cured. It is useful in chorea occurring 'in delicate children,
in neuralgia of t h e 5th nerve, intercostal neuralgia and that of
miasmatic origin. In neuralgias it should be combined with '
quinine and given in large doses. In pulmonary phthisis, in
chronic coryza, bronchitis acute and chroiiic, and in gastro-
intestinal disturbance associated with diarrhoea, arsenic is
highly useful. A preparaition known as Brihat Kasturi
Bhaimh consisting of arsenic, gold and silver, musk and cam-
phor, copper and ;mica, the dried seed of Mucuna pruriens and
Pavonia odorata, Embeiia ribes, Cyperus rotundus and ginger,
is recommended in dyspnoea with fever, collapse, deliriuin
etc. It is very effective in sloughing of the mouth, sore throat
and cancrum oris. In leucorrhoea and diabetes it has been
found xisefuL In chronic diarrhoea in children minute doses
of arsenic judiciously used have given good resxilts.
Externally it is used to remove large growths as cancer
and lupus; also used locally to kill vermins in the head and
other hairy parts. Cigarettes made of tissue paper impregnat-
ed with the. solution of arsenic are used with benefit in asthma.
As a caustic, axsenic. is apphed to piles. A butter or oil of
arsenic prepared by churning a mixture of it and a paste
made of the roots of Calotropis gigentea and Nerium odorum
is xised as a nervine tonic and aphrodisiac. It is useful in
asthma, cough and seminal weakness; it is administered in
betel-leaves, by giving them a coating of the oil by means of
a stick or probe. Dose of the oil is one^sixtieth of a grain.
A ghee is prepared by taking i dr. each of white arsenic and
opium, and four ounces of .Nerium odorum, finely powdering
and mixing them with 8 pounds of ghee and heating the whole
 WITH AYURVKDIC, UNANI & HOME EEMEDIES 19

over a fire for 4 liours and filtering and keeping for use when
required. Also an oil is prepared by powdering seeds of
Abrus prescatorius and croton seeds, aconite and white arsenic,
all in equal parts, a n d mixing them with goat's: milk and ex-
pressing oil o u t of the mass. This oil i s kept' for use when
required. These are useful as, external medications in. im-
potence etc. A few simple useful remedies:^—(1) Take of
Somfda. bhasma, {prepared by taking purified arsenic and sub-
mitting it to a process of roasting) 1 gr. Borax 100 grs. Make
a paste in the .leaf juice of Azadirachta indica. Dose i s 10 to
20 grams; used in quartan fever. (2) Take of Somala bhasma,
and Sulphide of Mercury, each 1, Anacyclus pyxethnun 5,
and Pistacia khinjuk 4 parts. Make a pill maSs with honey.
Dose is 3 to 5 grains.. Used in secondary or tertiary syphilis.
(3) Take of Sortialabhasma 1, Solanum jacquinii 20, lime juice
20 parts. Make a pUl mass. Dose is X grain; used in syphi-
litic rheumatism, cough and asthma. (4) Take of Scrmala^
bhasma 1, Carbonate of Soda 1, impure, carbonate of potash 1,
Piper longum, and Piper i^igrum, each 5 parts. Dose is gr. i;
used in asthma. (5) Take of white arsenic 1 grain and white
sugar 1000 grains. Mix and powder them -finely in a mortar.;
dose is 2 to 4 grains as alterative and anti-emetic^ (Hakeem
Ahmed ud d^en Saheb, Lahpre).
During administration of arsenic, chillies, oil, asafoetida
und other hot and spicy things should he avoided. MSk,
sugar, ghee, butter, grams and other nutritious substances
should be taken in large quantities.

11. ARSENII DISULPfflDUM; Bisidphuret of Arsenic;

Arsenictun Riibrum
(Sans.—Manashila. Eng.-—Realgar or Red orpiment;
Arsenic disulphide. Port.—Rosalgar. Fr.—Sulphurs
rouged arsenic. Gar.—Arsen-sulphur. Arab.—Zurneik
surkh. Pers.—Yaranikhee surkha. Hind.—Lai Hara-
tal; Lai Sambal. Ben.—Manaswila. Guj. Mah. Kon,
&• Can.-^Manasil. Jam.—Kudire-palpashanam. Mai.—
Warangan) is artificially prepared by fusing arsenious acid 5
20 THE INDIAN .MATERIA MEDICA

parts with sulphur 3 parts. It is purified by being rubbed with

the juice of lemons or of ginger. It is used as an alterative,
febrifuge and tonic, given in fever, cough, asthma and skin
•diseases; in these last it is used also externally. Locally it is
applied to fistulous sores. lii fever it is generally used in
combination with mercury, orpiment etc., as in the follow-
ing:—C/iandesuara rasa already mentioned under "Arsenious
Acid" is recommended in Rasendrasarasangraha for remittent
fevers. Svasakuthara Rasa is another preparation mentioned
in the same, and consisting of realgar, mercury, sulphur, aco-
nite, borax, black pepper, ginger and long pepper, is recom-
mended in asthma with cough and in remittent fever with
cerebiral complications. Dose is 4 grains in pill form. In
coma from remittent fever, these pills are powdered and used,
as a snuff to rouse the patient; also used similarly in cepha-
lalgia, hemicrania, ozoena etc. Realgar mixed with the ashes
of Achyranthes iaspera is applied to patches of leucoderma or
white lepra. In leprous ulcers a liniment composed of realgar
and orpiment 2 parts each, black pepper 4 parts, sesamum oil
20- parts and the juice of Calotropis gigentia 5 parts is recom-
mended as application in Chakradatta. The same recommends»
for application to the eye, in affections of the internal tunics,
tumours or other growths, night blindness etc., a preparation
known as Chandraprabha Varti which is made of realgar,
galena, conch-shell lime^ seeds of Moringa pterygosperma, long
pepper, liquorice and the kernel of belleric myrobalan in equal
parts rubbed together with goat's milk, dried and made into
small pastils. These are rubbed with a little honey and ap-
plied to the eyes as a coUyrium. Bhavaprakash recommends
an oil for application to fistulous sores; it is. prepared as fol-
lows:—^Take of sulphur, realgar and turmeric 8 tolas each,
mustard oil 1 seer, juice of datura leaves 1 seer & water 4
seers. Boil together in the usual way.

12. AKSENII TKISULPHIDUM (As. S,) or

Trisiilphuret of Arsenic
(Sans. Mah. & Ben;—^Haritala. Eng.—Orpiment;
Yellow sulphuret of arsenic, Yellow Arsenic trisulphide. Hind.
 WITH AYURYEDIC, UNANI & HOME: REMEDIES 21,

& Duk.—Haratala. Arafa;^Ursanigum. Pers.:—Zarneik-zard.

Gv,j.—^Aratal. Tarn.—Arridaram;- Yellikud pasihanam. TGL
—Daddipashanum. Can. & Kon-.-.—Ardala. Burm.—^Hsaydan.-
Shwaywa. 5m?i.^Aridala') is found native in China a n d
Persia. Orpiment occurs in two forms viz., in smooth shining^
gold-colored scales called Vdnsapatri haritala and in fine
lemon yeUow opaque masses called Pinda haritala. The-
former is preferred for internal use as an alterative and febri^
fuge.
Action:—Emmenagogue. Haritala is purified for
internal administration, by being successively boiled iii
Kanjika, the juice of the fruit of Benincasa cerifera, sessamum
oil and a decoction of the three myrobalans for three hours in
each fluid; or it may be boiled in the mixture of all these
fluids together to save time, as done by some p;hysicians. The
dose of the purified orpiment is 2 to 4 grains. I t is generally
known as harital hhasma. As an antiperiodic and alterative'
tonic it is given to cure fevers, and skin, diseases, to increase,
strength and beauty and, to prolong life; also in incipient
phthisis and asthma, paraplegia, hemiplegia, monoplegia and
facial paralysis, in cough, chronic fever, gonorrhoea, epilepsy,
dropsy etc. It is generally used in combination with other in-i
gredients. Pills known as Ramban Rasa composed of orpi-
ment, sulphur and asafoetida are recommended in asthma and
chronic skin diseases as eczema, psoriasis etc., in doses of 1 to
4 pills of one grain each with ghee three times a day after
meals. "This preparation was administered to cases of asthma
and rheumatism and was faiirly beneficial in giving relief to
the patients in-those diseases"—(Ind. Drugs Kept., Madras).
A preparation called MahaXakshmibilas composed of mercury
and sulphur, arsenic, iron, mica, tin,, copper, aco-
nite, camphor, nutmeg, mace and seed of Gmelina asiatica is
recommended in Vayu & Kapha (asthma). Jt iS given rubbed,
with betel leaf juiqe. In fevers it is used in combination wifh
mercury, aconite etc.; for example, the Vetala.rasa recommend-
ed in Bhaisajyaratnavali, is made of equal pajrts of purified
mercury, sulphur^ orpiment, aconite and black pepper; these
pills of two grains each are given with the juice of fresh ginger
in remittent fever with affection of the brain.'' I n enlargement
221 T H E INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

of spleen and other abdominal viscera. Vidyadhara rasa des-'

cribed in Rasendrasarasaiigraha is recommended; it is made
up of mercury, sulphur, prepared copper, iron-pyrites, realgar
and orpiment in equal parts, rubbed together and then soaked
in a decoction of long pepper and in the milky juice of Euphor-^
bia nerifolia, and made into pills of 6 grains each. These ar&
given with honey. In chronic irregular fever with intestinal
worms and blood parasites, a preparation called Kitari Rasa
consisting of realgar, mercury and sulphur, indrajav, bonjowan
and palash and juice of Luffa amara is given with the juice of
Phaseolus roxburghii and sugar as vehicle. For all sorts of
chronic skin diseases Bhavaprakasha prescribes a compound
called Talakesati rasa which is composed of orpiment, realgar,
iron pyrites, mercury, borax and rock salt one part each, sul-
phur and burnt conch shell two parts each, rubbed together
for a day with lemon juice, then with aconite l/30th part of the
weight of the whole mass; dose is 5 • to 10 grains with butter;
this should be followed by two drachms of the powdered seeds
of Vemonia anthelmintica mixed with honey and ghee. A
similar prescription is given in Sarangadhara under the name-
of Mah'atalesvara. A cure for leprosy has been advocated by
Pandit J. L. Duveji and it is this:—"One ratti or half of harital
hhasTna to be taken daily with betel. Oil of Copaiba should
also be rubbed over the affected parts. This is a successful
remedy. The patient should take sweettneats". As an
(external application for skin diseases, especially in psoriasis
Sarangadhara prescribes a paste made of orpiment, wood of
Berberis aristata, seeds of Raphanus sativus, wood of Pinus
deodara and betel leaves each two tolas and burnt conch-shell
half a tola, beaten together with water into a thin paste. Also
as a depilat07-y, orpiment forms an ingredient of several for-
mulae for the removal of hair; e.g., a paste made up of conch-
shell-lime (soaked in the juice of plantain tree) and of orpi-
ment in equal parts; or of conch-shell-lime two parts, orpiment
and impure carbonate of soda one part each and realgar half a
p a r t rubbed together with water, both of these are recom-
mended in Sarangadhara. FOr leprous ulcers a liniment made
of orpiment and realgar 2 parts each, black pepper 4 parts,
sessamum oil 20 parts and the milky juice of Galotropis
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME. REMEDIES '23

;gigentia 5 parts, is. useful. Foir warts and corns the liquor of
purified orpiment is applied locally. In cases of lingworm an
ointment made of harital 1 part and sweet oil 2 parts is useful
foi; external application. Fox suppurating scrofulous glands
a n oil .made of yellow and r e d orpiment,, marking nut, carda-
•jnoms, Indian aloes, sandalwood, Valeriana hardwiekii and
Jasmine each, 1 pajl, Neem oil 40 parts and water 100 parts,
hoiled together and preparefd in the usual, way, is .a highly
useful application.

13. ASPHALTUM
Saws.—Silajit; Silaras. Eng^—Asphalt; Mineral pitch;
Jew's pitch. Hind. Guj. MaJi. & Can.—Silajita. Ben.—
Silajatu. Arab.—Hajar-ul-musa. Pers.—Momiai Faqui-ul
Yahud. Hind.—Ral-yahudi. Tarn.—Perangyum; Uerang-
yum.
Source.—^Ejected out of rocks during hot weather in the
lower Himalayas, Vindhya. arid other mountain tracts and
Nepal where iron abounds, naturally flowing out from bet-
ween t h e fissures in t h e rocks; or it: may be a tar formed in
t h e earth from the decomposition of vegetable substances.
"Large quantities are imported .into India from Khatmandu
(Nepal). A white-variety is s a i d t o be collected front rocks
in Mount Abu (Rajputana)."-^(Chopra). r
Remarks.—"Alurh earth of Nepal which is sold in Cal-
"Cutta as white shilajit is tquite .a different substance from the
-Silajit used in the Hindu Materia Medica. A product called
'Momia' resembling Silajit, is obtained from some of the
mountains in Arabia and Persia".—(Chopra).
Varieties and their Characters.—"Four varieties of silajit
^arei described by the ancient Hindu write5ns:^l) the gold
silajit which is red; (2) the silver silojit which is white; (3) the
copper silajit which is blue coloured; and (4) iron silajit which
is blackish brown,. Blue and red siljit are not found coni-
monly and t h e variety most available is the fourth variety
•which, from the therapeutic point of view, is considered to
.be active.",—(Chopra's " I D . of L" p. 433>.
-24 . THE. INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA *•

"Silajit is a bituminous substance, which isc a -compact

mass of vegetable organic matter composed of dark-red
gummy (sticky and xmctuous) matrix interspersed with vege-
.table fibres, sand and earthy matter".—(Chopra). Silajit is
•of a bitter taste and -of a smell resembling cow's stale urine.
.This is known as gomutlira silajit. The other variety found
in the bazaars is called Karpoora Silajit which occurs in white
plates. .On igniting, i t leaves a. large quantity of ash consist-
ing of lime, magnesia, silica and oxides of iron. The black
variety is the one mostly used in medicine, after purifying it
by certain processes. "Purified 'Silajit' (Shodhita) is just
like the concentrated watery* extract of the crude stuff. Both
the crude and purified samples have a. decided, urinous odour
and slightly bitter, salin^, sc^mewhat pungent and astringent
taste. The purified substance is nearly completely soluble in
.water and has an acid reaction".—(Chopra).
Constituents.—"The gummy substance of silajit dissolves
in water and when washed away leaves an earthy matter,
vegetable) fibres and a few black round button-like masses
( l / 8 t h inch in jdiam.) resembling peas. The insoluble matter
•is removed, by straining through a thick cloth or flannel. The
•fluid is allowed to stand in the' sun when a creamy substance
••rises to the top''.— (Chbprai). '
"Silajit contains an oil which when distilled is known as
ichthyol. Benzoic acid and benzoates which are present in
-silajit in large quantities are considered by Chopra to-be the
main active principles. Ray (1930) is of opinioil that there
. -inusti be some other active principle or some linknoWn body
or a pyridin derivative, in silajit."—r-(Chopra). -
It contains' 65 p.c. of urea. Analysed by Hooper it yield-
ed:^—water 8.85 p . c , organic' niatter' 56.20 p . c , arid riiineral
-matter 34.55 p.c. containing nitrogen 1.02, lime 7.80, potash
9.07, phosphoric acid 0.16 and Silica 1.35 p.C; It dissolves in
iwelfer and is neutral in reaction. "The^ organic niatter yield-
ed to spirit a small percentage of brownish coloured wax4ike
substance which melted on heating and burnt! away with a
'smoky flame. It (retained the peculiar odour of the drug and
had no marked taste. It was neutral in reaction and did not
 WITH AYURVEDIC, U N A N I & HOME REMEDIES '25

assume a crystalline structure when carefully evaporated from

alcoholic solution. The tests would indicate the presence of a
mineral hydrocarbon of a |)itumiriou§ nature. The bulk of
the dark brown organic matter had the properties of huniic
acid. The drug, from a chemical point of view, should have
some valuable manurial properties".— (Chopra's "I.D. of I."
p. 434).
The results of samples analysed by Chopra' and his co-
workers are as follows:—
White Silajit:—^A sample of white silajit, which is consi-
dered to be more effective than the black variety, was also
examined by Chopra. It was a cream-coloured crystalline
with a strong nauseous odour. It was apparently of animal
origin and afforded gaseous ammonia when mixed with slaked
lime. I t yielded 64- per cent of p u r e urea when determined
from the amount of nitrogen given off by means of hypo-
bromite of sodium.' It appeared t o "be crude urea or evaporat-
ed urine in a solid state.
A careful analysis of the ordinary silajit was carried out
by the author and, his co-workers. It does not contain any
compound of the nature of an alkaloid. The following table
shows the percentage of dried extracts after distilling off the
solvent.
Solvent Crude silajit Purified silajit
amount dissolved amount dissolved
in per cent. in per cent.
Chloroform .^. 2.15 per cent. 5.88 per cent, (cryst.)
Ethyl acetate .^, 1.12 „ „ 1.37 „ „
Alcchol (80 per cent.) .. 29.25 „ „ 30.81 „ ,, (cryst.)
Water _ .. 22.66 _ ,, „ 28.32, „ „
Both the alcoholic extracts crystallised after several days
and were found to contain benzoic acid; the ash left after
ignition showed the presence of a larger quantity of lime.
The crystals under the. microscope looked like those of cal-
cium benzoate. The ethyl acetate extract was crystsilUne in
naftire. It contained a substance soluble in alcohol and parti-
ally soluble in hot water, but practically insoluble in ether
and chloroform. The crystals had. a melting point o£-187°-C
^ THE B«>IAN MATTOIA B ^

and were identified by fiirther examinaUon. t o be those of

hij>puric acid.
The result of the analysis shows ihat silajit is composed
a& the ioUowing substances:
Organic Constituents
C r u d e , silajit Purified siLijit
p e r cent. per cent.
Moisture ia54, 29.03
Benzoic acid &.8a S.58.
Hippuric acid 5.53 6.13
Fatty acids aoi. 1.^
Resin and waxy matter 3.28" ZU
Gums 15.59 17.32
Albuminoids 19.61 16.12
Vegetable matter, sand, etc: 28.52 2.15

Moisture was determined by drying the substance in th6

steam oyen. at a temperature not exceejiing 90°C. Albur
nitnoids w e r e calculated from; the total nitrogen, determined
by Kjeldhal's process (modified) after deducting the percent-
age pf nitrogen in the hippuric acid present.
The mineral constituents, as obtained from the ash by
incineration of the substance at a dull red heat, are also ap-
pended in the following table:—
C r u d e silajit P u r e .silajit
per cent. p e r cent.
Moisture 12.54 29.03
Loss on ignition 64.58 . 52.63
Ash 22.88 18.34
Silica (residue insoluble in HCl) 4.60 2.69
Iron .(Fe, O,) 0.51 0.64
Alumina (AI2 O3) 2.26 2.61
Lime (CaO) •6.83 4.82
Magnesia (MgO) 1.29 1J20
Potash (Kg O) ' 4.60 3.81
Sulphuric acid (SO3) 0.64 ^ 0.97
Chloride (NaGl) 0.26 0.57
Phosphoric acid .(P„ O,) 0.28 0,24
Nitrogen 3.64 3.36
From a comparison of the above results, i t appears that
there is not much difference, between, the crude and the puri-
fied .silajit. The crtide stuff; leaves a residue after extraction
 WITH AYURVEDIC, lOTAin & HDME REMEDIES ZT.

?vith water which amounts to about 3Q p e r cent, whereas the

residue in t h e ptirifiotl; drug^is only about ,2/aLjfer,ceiit.. l i d s
paay lead one to suppose that the purified silajit contains more
extractives than the. crude form. This would have been the
fcase were it not for the fact that the high percentage of mois-
ture in the purified substance counfer-baianced ,the insoluble
matter in the crude stuff. The mam point of difference bet-
ween the varieties, is. thai the. cfJorofonn and :ethyl acetate
Extracts- erf the purified substance d e p o a t .crystals iffif benzoic
and. hippuric: acids, but there are none in similar e^jdracts made
ixam t h e crude silatjit It would appear, therefore, that a
portion of the benzaia a n d hippuric acids; remains free in the
purified silajit. Frobably the salts of t h e benzoic and hip-
puric acids m the crude silajit are hydrolysed during the pro-
cess of purification.

From the physical characteristics and from a microscopical

examination of ,the residue left after extracticm. with, water,
which w a s mainly c o m p o s t of sand, earthy matter and vege-
table fibres, silajit would appear to be a substance of vege-.
table origin. Its chemical composition, however, "shows the
presence pf hippuric acid and a high percentage of albu-
minoids, which makes this supposition doubtful. If hippuric
acid is formed from the decomposition and decay of vegetable
protein substances without animal intervention, the amount
of proteins must be in unusually higher proportions than is
ordinarily met with in the vegetable kingdiam. It is well-
known that benzoic acid; can be easily formed, from hippuric
acid, in fact this is one of t h e commercial methods of its manu-
facture. It is further found t h a t benzoic acid manufactured
from hippuric acid: possesses a decided urinous odour and we
have already mentioned that the crude and the pinrified silajit
possess this ddour. The presence of gum and resin is also a
point in favour of its vegetable origin. The other possibility
is that silajit may b e composed of the excrements of some,
animals which have been washed off by the rains from the
hiH-side and h a v e been deposited in the crevices and low-lying
irocks. Ehiring; the summer the heat .of the sun removes the
moisture and leavfes the residue like an exudafidn oh the rock..
 2S :i S.- THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDTCA

The whole of the subject of the production of silajit requires

further investigation. (Chopra "I,B. of I."-pp. 434 to 436).
Action.—^Locally antiseptic, anodyne, parasiticide and
antiphlogistic. Internally alterative, tonic, slightly laxative,
cholagogue, respiratory stimulant, disinfectant and expector-
ant, intestinal antiseptic, diuretic and lithontriptic.
Uses.—Charaka says "There is hardly any curable disease
which, cannot be controlled or cured with the aid of Silajit".
It is used by Kavirajas -and Hakims in a great variety of
diseases. I t is. specially employed in genito-urinary diseases
and in diabetes; i n gall stones, jaundice, enlarged spleen, fer-
mentative .dyspepsia,, .worms, digestive, troubles, piles, adipos-
%: ity, anasarca, renal stone, renal and bladder "calculi, anuria
etc., hysteria, neurasthenia, epilepsy • and insanity, nervous
diseases; amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea and menorrhagia;
scrofula,, tuberculosis, phthisis and-^ lepr.osy; eczema, elephan-
tiasis, anaemia, anorexia, biliary congestion, chronic bron-
chitis, asthma, fracture of bones etc.j. in diabetes in which it
reduces the .quantity of sugar and urine. But it increases the
quantity of urea; therefore, it should never he given in uric
acid calculus. .It diminishes phosphaturia and is useful in
phosphatic concretions. It is also useful in ascites, uraemia,
cholaemia and the like.. I t is valuable in cases of diabetic
albuminmia, where; both casts and albumin diminish; it is said
to be a cure for diabetic amaurosis. "Under the influence of
silajit, thirst, polyuria, burning sensation and exhaustion dis-
appear quickly. I t markedly helps the assimilation of sugar.
Kavirajas use silajit in combination with milk or grape juice".-
-f-(Chopra). An extract iS made from crude Silajit by mak-
ing an emulsion of i t with hot water and repeatedly exposing,
the emulsion to the sun.. A cream floats on the surface and-
it is removed and collected. The process is continued as long
as any cream rises. The extract of silajit thus collected is
sun-dried and then purified by being soaked' in a decoction of
trivhula and dashamula. "Purified silajit is also recommended
to be soaked in the decoctions of one or more of the following
plants as this is said to increase its efficacy:^—Shorea robusta;
Buchanania latifblia; Terminalia tomentosa; Acacia farnesiana;'
 WITH AYURVEPIC; IINANI & HOME REMEDIES i29

Catchu .nigrum; Terminalia, .chebula; and Sida cordifolia".—

(Chopra). It is a :ppwerful tonic and alterative useful in a
variety of diseases, "Dose of this purified product is 5 grains
taken as pills-^one pill to be taken 10 aninutes .after food,
followed by an ounce or two of milk".—(Andhra Medical
J o u r n a l ) . But it is genetally begun with 1 grain or so, and
.gradj.tally increased^ J)r. Kpman says, that he had used this
medicine with Ahhrak bhasma in. two cases of diabetes (22
grains of sugar to th.e ounce and 36 grains to: the, ounce) and
the sugar disappeared completely after about 3; weeks,' treatr
ment, the accompanying symptoms isuch as excessive flow of
urine, .thirst, neuritis, of. legs etc., having also subsided to a
considerable extent. .B.oth, the patients were on milk and
bread diet. He also adds that a few years ago he "saw a case
of chronic cystitis, deriving much benefit from the use of
Silajit, which was. administered .by an Unani physician".T—
(Ind. .Drugs. Report, .Madras). Silajit is used as a paste and
bhasma; to prepare paste, jiiacerate silajit in the juice of
Margqsa leaves, gulancha and, ghee; and to pirepare bhasma,
take Silajit and swlphur 2.0 parts each and orpiment 10 parts,
mix together, triturate in the juice of bijorun and roast. Dose
is 1 to 2 grains. Bhasma is given in retention of urine, scald?,
ing due to gravel, gonorrhoea, le.ucorrhoea, also in cough,
diabetes, .consumption, etc.. As a tonic it is given in anaemia
and general debility; as abortifacient it causes uterine con-
tractions and promotes, expulsion of the foetus. As an anthel-
mintic, its suppositories are used to remove ascarides from
the rectum, "It is also used as an antiseptic in parasitic
diseases of the skin and as an antiphlogistic. Unani physi-
cians used it as an, antidote to poisons and in. the treatment
of other diseases. Hakims use 'Momia' as an external appli-
cation for inflammatory swellings, arthritis, etc,"—(Chopra),
Paste is locally applied to relieve rheumatic pains in joints,
used as an embrocation in paralysis, contusions etc.; also in
sprains and bruises. "When applied externally, silajit has
been credited with antiseptic, parasiticidal, anodyne and anti-
phlogistic properties by Kayirajas; these are in all probability
due to the free benzoic acid which it contains. I t is well-
known that benzoic acid which in concentrations of over 0.1
 so ". ' THE INDIAN MATERIA SIEOICA -

p e r cent, produces moderate local irritation, may iii this way

be useful a s a n application to sprained aiid b r u i s ^ parts.
'Senzoic acid is also resportsiMe for the benieficial actibn <£
silajit oti the appetitef and its «se in; dyspepsia. Its good
effects in affections of thfe liver such as jaundice, its miM
iaarcotic action, its antispasmodic'effects in colics of all forms
and spaans of ^muscular „tubes and' asthma may also be attrir
buted to the presence of this acid aiid its salts'. Silajit is used
by the Hindu physicians in acute and chronic bronchitis and
benzoic acid and benzoates are administered in these condi-
tions in the Western medicine, especially for children and to
old feeble persons with profuse thin secretion. It undoubt-
edly promotes expectoration, probably reflexly, by causing
•%: irritation of the throat and stomach. The Vaidyas prescribe
silajit in arthritis and pulmonary tuberculosis; 30 years ago;
i)enz(5ic acid and its salts enjoyed a reputation in the Western
medicine as a remedy for these conditions, b u t are given up.
The indigenous practitioners also used silajit as a diuretic and
lithontriptic. Similar properties "were attributed to benzoic
acid in Western oniedicihe. It will be' seen, therefore, that
most of t h e properties ascribed to silajit can be explained by
the presence of benzoic acid a n d benzoates "which are present
in it in large quantities and which Chopra considers are Jthe
main active principles of silajit." (Chopra's "I.D. of I.'^
pp. 437-438). Internally silajit is very useful in chronic
•dyspepsia, and •dyspeptic diarrhoea, given with the decoction
of emeblic myrobalans; in biliaiy colic and jaundice with the
decoction of the. three myrobalaris (triphala) or of -dasamida.
In dyspepsia due to hepatic derangement, silajit is used in com-
bination with other •cholagogiies. I n the first stage of ascites
it is used with iroh-rust together with milk diet; salt nnd water
•is stopped altogether. Rice and milk boiled together into gruel
is a good dietary in commencing cirrhosis of the liver of adults.
I n the first stage of infantile cirrhosis silajit is used
with other cholagogues like the juice of the leaves of
AndrOgraphis paniculata, of Cajanus indicus or of Nyc-
tanthes arbbr-tristic. In False angina pectoris even during the
absence of paroxysms it is recomihended. It is very useful in
acute and chronic bronchitis and in bronchiectasis, in asthma
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI i&' HOME REMEDIES 31'

with l>ad liver and itidigestion, in the asthma of gouty people^

in pulmonary phthisis, in diabetic phthisis and in intes-
tinal tuberculosis'. In isexual weakness it is geiierally ad-
ministered with Asvagaiidha, in spermatorrhoea with' grajie
juice or infusion of the three myrobalans {tnphdla); in chronic
gonorrhoea and gleet, with prepared oxides of tin, lead, silver
etc^ It c a n also be used alone with much benefit. In ftmc-
tional anenorrhagia complicated with biliousness and hepatic
derangement it is commonly given with the decoction of em-
blic myrobalans, or combined with astringent drugs like ca-
techu, flowers of Wbodfordia floribunda or syriip of the corm
of red lily. In leucorrhoea from debility it is given with tnilk
or with astringents. In strangury or painful micturition Silajit
is lused 'vvith other diuretics and demulcents Uke the decoction'
of Tribulus terrestris, Giycyrrhiza glabra etc. In albumi-
nuria and chyluria it is beneficial with the decoction of astrin-
gents like catechu, -Shorea robusta, juice of leaves of Cajanus
indicus, or of igarHc. In hysteria it is generally used 'with in-
fusion of Valeriana jatamansi or decoction of Alhagi Mouro-
rum and in insanity with the infusion of the three myrobalans'
(triphala) or decoction oi-dasarmda.—(H. C. Sen). As an al-
terative tonic it is used in combination with iron as in the fol-
lowing confection called Yogaraja mentioned in Chakradatta.
It is made of Silajitu, prepared iron, iron pyrites and silver
each 5; parts, the three myrohalans, ginger, black pepper and
long pepper, plumbago root and baberang seeds each 1 part,
and sugar 8 parts,, all powdered, mixed and made ipto a con-
fection with honey. Dose is about half a tola; used in anaemia,
jaundice, consumption, chronic fever, skin diseases, urinary
diseases, piles etc. A piU made of Silajit 2 parts, Tribulus,
terrestris 5 parts and honey 2 parts is used in urinary diseases,
scanty urine, cystitis etc. Dose is 10 to 15 grains. A po-wder
called Pachanahheda Churna made of equal parts of Silajit,
Carbonate of ii;on and lime, long pepper, Trichosanthes
cucumerina, is used in gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea and other m u -
cous discharges. Dose is 10 to 15 grains, Dr. H. C. Sen
concludes that Silajit should be tried extensively in obesity,
diabetes, dyspepsia, anasarca, enlargement of Hver and
spleen, painful and bleeding piles, asthrha, strangury, renal
3^ THE INDIAN MATERIA J/IEDICA

diseases and functional uterine troubles; that continued u s e

of this remedy appears to remove the tendency tQ formation
of renal and biUary calculi; that it. is far better and safer than
morphia injection in biliary colic. Because morphia relieves
temporarily, but silajit cures permanently, and morphia does
harm to the liver in the long run by stopping the secretioHj
whereas SilcLJit is a valuable cholagogue and laxative.
"Chopra's trial of purified silajit. by itself (in pill form) till, a
maximum of 30 grains a day during 24 hours, j n a series of
cages of diabetes mellitus, and doses ranging from 5 grains
to 10 grains, three times a day, for a period of 8 to 12 days,
in a series of diabetic patients,, had no effect whatr
ever either on the blood sugar or sugar in the
urine. There was no decrease in the total quantity of the
urine passed, and there was no amelioration of such symp-
toms as thirst, exhaustion etc. The assimilation of carbo-
hydrates was not improved in any way! Ray (1930) has
shown that injections of extract? of silajit produce a rise in
blood pressure and stimulatio.n of respiration in experimental
animals".—(Chopra's "I.D. of I." pp. 437-438).

14. AURUM
Sans.—Suvarna. Eng.—Gold. Fr. & Ger.—Geld. Arab.
^ Z a h a b . P e r s . ^ Z a r a Tita. Hind. & Mah.—Sona. Guj.—
Sonum. Ben.—Sonar. Tain.^-Ponnu. Tel.—rBangaroo. Med.
—Tangan^ Can.—:Hondu; Ghinna. Kon.^rr^Bhangara. Sinh.—
Ran-ta-hadu. Burm.—ShueTsaku.
Source.—Found in primitive rocks, in aluvial deposits in
small particles called gold dust. It is found commonly alloy-
ed with other riietals such as silver, copper, iron, etc.
Characters.—Pure gold has a metallic lustre, reddish
yellow colour; it is the most ductile of all metals, softer than
silver. It acquires lustre under pressure. It is not attacked
by any acid except selenic acid and a mixture of which like
nitro-hydrochloric acid, contains nascent chlorine.
Preparations.—Gold leaf and gold ashes. Dose: of the
gold leaf 1/30 to 1/12 grain; of the powder 1/6 to 1/3 grain;
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 33

of the hhastna 1/10 to 1/4 grain. Gold leaf {Sona varak) is

prepared by beating gold into extremely thin leaves. Gold
powder or ashes (Sona bhasma) is prepared by rubbing to-
gether two parts of mercury and 1 part of leaf gold into a
mass with lemon-juice, placing it in a crucible with three
parts of sulphur. The crucible is then covered and exposed
to heat. This process is repeated 14 times when the- gold
completely loses its metallic character, and becomes reduced
to a dark brown impalpable powder. This process is advocat-
ed by Kaviraj Binod Lai Sen. But according to books gold
should be rubbed with mercury only the first time and in
roasting it afterwards sulphur alone should be placed in t h e
crucible with the gold.—(U. C. Dutt).
Action.—Gold and its preparations are nervine and
aphrodisiac tonic, resolvant, emmenagogue and alterative.
They increase strength and beauty, improve intellect and
memory, clear the voice and increase sexual powers; also
stimulate the activity of the stomach, and of the skin and
kidneys causing diaphoresis and diuresis. They also increase
the flow of menses in women. In large doses, they act like
irritant poison setting up gastro-enteritis with convulsions,
cramps, insensibiUty etc. The antidotes are egg albumen,
milk, flour etc.
Uses.—^Preparations of properly reduced gold are used
in fevers, consumption, insanity, diseases of the nervous sys-
tem and urinary organs, hysteria, epilepsy, leprosy, asthma,
nervous dyspepsia, amenorrhoea, impotence, sterility, habitual
abortion, chronic Bright's disease, chronic metritis, syphilis
and scrofula. Gold leaf is generally eaten with betel leaf;
when given in the juice of Eclipta prostrata, it stimulates virilo
powers and acts as alterative; with the juice of Ayapana or
juice of garlic or juice of Cactus grandiflorus it is given in
tuberculosis; when given with Punamava it improves the
sight. In case of poisoning it is given with the juice o£
Nirhishi (Ayapana—the sensitive plant), in insanity, with the
powder of dry ginger, round pepper and cloves; as a rejuve-
nator with butter or ghee or cream of milk; as an aphrodisiac
with milk and sugar or candy powder; as a memory invigo-
34 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

rator, with sweet flag; for lustre of health, with saffron; for
heart-disease with milk and bark of Terminalia arjiina and
cane sugar. Suvarna Vasanta Malti, a preparation containing
leaf-gold, pearl, red sulphide of mercury, zinc carbonate and
black pepper is used in impotence, chronic fevers, gonorrhoea,
syphilis etc.; dose is 2 to 5 grains in piU form mixed with
honey. Rasendrasarasangraha recommends a pill known as
Jayamangala Rasa which contains besides gold, sublimed
mercury, cinnabar, prepared copper, tin, sulphur, borax, p r e -
pared iron and silver, iron pyrites etc. Dose is 4 ^ a i n s . It
is taken with cumin seed powder and honey; useful in old
chronic fevers of all sorts; it is a powerful tonic and alterative,
administered with suitable adjuncts in many diseases. In the
same book is recommended a powder called Mriganka RaSa,
which consists of mercury, prepared gold, sulphur, pearls
and borax; it is administered in doses of one to four grains
with about twenty grains of black pepper powder, in phthisis.
Two other preparations named Pottali Hemagarbha Rasa and
Ratnagarhha pottali Rasa which are used in this disease are
made up of the same ingredients b u t in varying proportions.
Suvarna Parpati is another preparation, which is composed
of mercury, gold and sulphur and used like Rasa parpati in
chronic diarrhoea and anasarca. Milk diet is enjoined and
water and salt are prohibited. Dose is grains two gradually
increased to ten in the course of 21 days, to be again gradually
reduced to the original dose of two grains in another three
weeks. Another preparation used in the same diseases is
Vijayaparpati which contains diamond, pearls, silver, copper
and talc in addition to gold, sulphur and mercury.

Prepared gold in doses of two grains daily with the addi-

tion of honey, ghee and emebHc myrobalan, or root of Acorus
calamus is recommended to be taken for a lengthened period
—(Sandehabhanjanee). It is also given to feeble infants in
a few days after birth, as it imparts strength and beauty, in
the following composition:—-Take of powdered gold, root of
Acorus calamus and Aplotaxis auriculata, Chebuhc myro-
balans and leaves of Herpestes monniera equal parts; powder
and mix. Dose is two grains with honey and ghee. The
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOIHE REMEDIES 35

principal alterative tonic of the Ayurvedic physicians is a

well known, preparation called Makaradhwaja.

15. MAKABADHWAJA
(See:—"Hydrargyrum" also)
Source.—"This is an inorganic preparation of the Hindu
Pharmacopoeia from the time of Bhavamisra the renowned
Hindu physician, of the 16th century."^
Characters.—"It is claimed by the Vaidyas that 'Makara-
dhwaja' is not ordinary red sulphide of mercury but is a com-'
bination of sulphide of mercury with gold. This gold is not
in a chemically combined condition but its presence in. a
very fine state of division alters the property of the drug to a
considerable extent."^ "According to Ayurvedic Pharma-
copoeia a great deal depends on the method for preparation
adopted. Various methods have been described in books on
Hindu medicine".—(Chopra).
Mode of Preparation.—"8 Parts of pure mercury and
1 part of gold leaf are mixed together to form an amalgam.
To this mixture, 16 parts of sublimed sulphur are added and
the resulting mixture is rubbed very thoroughly in a stone
mortar for 24 hours or more until the whole is converted into
a lustreless, fine, impalpable powder of uniform consistence.
This powder should be light enough to float on water and
there should be absolutely no lumps or grit in it when rubbed
between the fingers. This is known as 'kajjaW in Sanskrit
and its chemical composition is said to be the same as black
sulphide of mercury. This preparation forms the basis for
the 'makaradhwaja'. The 'kaijaW is placed in a narrow-
mouthed bottle and is gradually heated on a sand bath. When
the temperature reaches a certain limit the bottle is filled
with reddish fumes of various hues. On cooling, 'makara-
dhwaja' is found deposited on the inner surface of the bottle.
The sublimed powder is collected by breaking the neck of the
bottle and scraping off the deposit, which is then preserved in
a clean dry vessel for future use".—(Chopra).^
36 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Composition.—Chemically 'makaradhwaia' is identical

with the red sulphide of mercury. This sulphide occurs in
nature as the mineral ore called 'cinnabar' in many parts of
the world, particularly in Califprnia, China and Spain.* For
further particulars see "hydrargyrum".
Constituents.—"Although gold is used in the preparation
of 'makaradhwaja', properly speaking it is a preparation of
mercury and sulphur, sublimed in the form of red sulphide
as in the preparation of mercury called 'Rasasindura'; the
gold may possibly exercise some catalytic influence during the
process of sublimation".— (Chopra).
Pvxrification.—"A great deal of stress has been laid by
the Hindu physicians on the purification of mercury ernploy-
ed for the preparation of this drug. The mercury used has
to be passed through various methods of purification laid
down in the Ayurvedic books, before it can be accepted for
use. These processes are known as 'Sodhana', and are very
tedious and complicated."^ "Modern chemical methods of
purification are preferable to the old 'Sodhana' processes".—
(Chopra).
Action.—" 'Makaradhwaja' and other sulphides of mer-
cury in a fine state of division undergo solution in 5 c.c. of a
0.2 per cent solution of HCl at 100°F. in an hour. This is also
true when these sulphides are digested with filtered gastric
juice obtained artificially from a healthy patient. If sulphide
of mercury is broken up in this manner by the acid of the
gastric juice, it is likely that absorption will take place.—
(Ghosh). Experiments on animals have shown that 'Makara-
dhwaja' is not absorbed either from the stomach or from the
small intestines. It is, hov/ever, likely that very minute quan-
tities are absorbed and excreted and the ordinary chemical
tests are not sensitive enough to detect its presence. Further
investigations with improved methods of identification of mer-
cury are, therefore, called for. -
"Excretion of 'Makaradhwaja' in urine of healthy, young
men who were under strict control, was studied by a new ana-
lytical method of Booth, Schreiber and Zwick (1926), and no
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 37

traces of mercury were detected. Excretion of 'Makaradhwaja'

in stools is also being studied by the same analytical method,
and the results have to be called for from the Tropical School
Indian Medicine, Calcutta."^
"Recent work (upto 1932) has shown that the mercury ion
in a high state of dilution has a definite stimulant action on
animal tissues. One in one mission of mercuric chloride add-
ed to the perfusate distinctly stimulated the isolated mamma-
lian heart and increased its force of contraction. It is, there-
fore, likely that if absorption does take place in very small
quantities, 'Makaradhwaja' would produce a stimulant action
on the heart."''
"It is quite possible that in 'Makaradhwaja' we have an
insoluble preparation which by action of the gastro-intestinal
juices is rendered absorbable to such an extent that minute
quantities of mercury ions sufficient for stimulation of the
tissues and no more, are taken into the system and are acting
on the tissues".— (Chopra).^
Administration & Uses.—" 'Makaradhwaja' is seldom used
alone. In the majority of cases, it is mixed with various drugs
called 'anupana' or adjuvants. In cases of indigestion and
diarrhoea, 'Makaradhwaja' is mixed with powdered Aegle mar-
melos fruit; for fever and cough it is given with the juice of
ginger, pepper, betel leaves, and leaves of Ocinuvi viride; in
heart disease, it is combined with musk. In the absence of
proper 'anupana' (adjuvant), honey may be used in every
case".^ "The usual procedure is to take a dose (approximately
one grain) of 'Makaradhwaja' daily with 60 drops of the 'anu-
pana' or honey or other suitable adjuncts, and rub it for
sometime in a stone mortar before administration",^'' and given
in general and nervous debility, in convalescent patients after
acute illness, brain fatigue from excessive mental work,
habitual constipation, womb complaints after delivery, sper-
matorrhoea etc. "This may be used both for adults and
children, the dosage being regulated according to age."^'
Mixed with some stimulant drugs, viz: camphor, nutmeg,
black pepper and cloves each 4 parts and musk 1/16 part to
38 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

every part of Makaradliwaja, it is used as an aphrodisiac

under the name of Chandrodaya Makaradhwaja. Dose is one
pill of ten grains, each given with milk or enclosed in betel
leaves to be chewed. Diet ought to be generous consisting of
milk, ghee, pulses etc. It is useful in nervous debility, im-
potence, premature old age etc. A pill named Brihat Kapha-
ketu which is made u p of gold, pearl, burnt coral, mica and
Makaradhwaja, made into pills with mother's milk is generally
used in the asthma of children, with irregular pulse and cold
extremities. 'Makaradhwaja' when taken regularly as per
the indigenous system of medicine is a wonderful tonic and
will increase the longevity of the patient".'^ "In failing cir-
culation and in cardiac asthenia, it is a sovereign remedy.
Tried in some cases of myocardial disorders following acute
specific fevers, have shown distinct clinical improvement; yet,
further trials are necessary. 'Makaradhwaja' is also used as
a laxative with good results, particularly in those cases when
there is visceroptosis and atonic condition of the gastro-
intestinal tract. As an intestinal antiseptic also, it is said to .
be of great utility and is supposed to relieve the gaseous dis-
tension of the bowels due to fermentation".'^ Brihat Kasturi
Bhairah containing gold, silver etc. (mentioned under
"Arsenic") is useful in dyspnoea with fever, collapse, delirium
etc. In dyspnoea of phthisis and prameha, Brihat Kanchana-
hhra is recommended; it consists of gold, silver, copper, tin,
iron, mica, pearl, coral, Rasasindur, Baikranta. musk, cloves
and mace. An exhaustive list of preparations containing gold
as used in a large number of diseases is given in the "Journal
of Ayurveda" of Mai"ch 1925, to which the reader may refer.
Dr. H. C. Sen highly commends the use of chloride of gold in
low continued fevers, especially of typhoid state, for "keeping
up the vital centres and heart". He generally used oxide or
chloride of gold in very small doses. To prevent spasms and
to give tone to the nervous system he used the bromide of
gold "With satisfactory results". He used chloride of gold in
doses of 1/20 to 1/12 of a grain in many cases with or without
the decoction of Semecarpus anacardium to remove the tre-
mors noticed in the muscles of the wrist and fingers of patients
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES '39

exhausted from continued fevers and to steady the functions

of the brain after meningeal troubles. The chloride of gold
has been much lauded as a remedy for confirmed dipsomania.
The tribromide of gold (dose i to i grain in pill made with
Kaolin) is used for hysteria, epilepsy etc. The use of gold in
•tuberculosis is also recommended by some modem westerp
authorities:—"In 1890 Koch showed that a salt of gold inhibit-
ed the growth of tubercle bacilli in a solution as weak as one
in a million. In 1917 Felot and Spies introduced a pre-
paration of gold named "Knysolgan" which was used in the
treatment of tuberculosis. Prof. Holger Moellgaard has a
n e w inorganic compound of gold and sodium under the nanae
of "Sacrocrysin" which is said to materially check the growth
of tubercle bacilli in a solution of one in a million and to arrest
it completely in a solution of one in 100,000. Serum from a
"tuberculous animal was given by intramuscular injection in
doses of 20 to 40 cc. m. and proved potent in counteracting
the tuberculin shock caused by the sacrocrysin. In non-
technical language, a serum is injected into the blood to pre-
pare it for digesting the dead tuberculosis bacilH. Either
before or after the blood is thus prepared, a new substance
''Sanocrysin," is injected in weak solution; Sanocrysin killg
the bacilli;. the serum eliminates the poisons which have beeii
caused by the presence of the dead bacilli. Sanocrysin ac-
cording to "Medical Science" review, is a compound salt of
gold and sodium. It is a solid snow-white substance composed
of long needlelike crystals. Its activity is amazing. A solu-
tion of 1 in 100,000 kills the baciUi and of 1 in 1,000,000 pre-
vents its growth. Sanocrysin without the' serum kills the
Tjacilli, but it also kills the patient when it is tried on animals.
B u t where its administration is combined with a serum it has
healed animals even when the case was an advanced one.
Upto 1927 the use of Sanocrysin was only in its infancy, but
good medical opinion held that the world was on the eve of a
discovery which might revolutionise treatment and perhaps
exterminate tuberculosis! Refer 'Hydrargyrum' also for some
more information.

(1) to (13)—Chopra's "I.D. of I." pp. 414/421.

40 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

16. CALCIUM (Eng.—Lime)

Several sorts of lime are used in Hindu medicine; thus
w e have lime from Limestone (Sans.—Churna); Calcined
cowries (Kapardaka bhasma); Conch shells (Shankha bhas-
ma); Bivalve shells (Shukti bhasma); Snail shells (Shaynbuka
bhasma). The various kinds of hme are found free in nature.
These shells are purified by being soaked in lemon juice and
are prepared for use by being calcined within covered cruci-
bles. Lime is used internally in dyspepsia, enlarged spleen and
other enlargements in the abdomen and externally as a caustic.
Lime enters into the composition of a great many prescriptions
of different sorts of dyspepsia; e.g.—A compound pill called
Amrita Vati prescribed in Bhaishajyaratnavali for loss of ap-
petite and indigestion contains calcined cowries, aconite and
black pepper in 5, 2 & 9 parts respectively, made into two-
grain pills. In the same is mentioned another compound pill
named Agnikumara Rasa containing calcined cowries, conch-
shells and aconite 3 tolas each, borax, mercury, and sulphur
1 tola each, and black pepper 8 tolas, aU rubbed together for
12 hours with lime juice and made into twelve-grain pills.
This medicine increases appetite and cures indigestion.
Bhavaprakash recommends calcined conch-shell (Shankha
bhasma) in half-drachm doses to be taken with lime juice in
enlarged spleen. In jaundice, urinary trouble and acidosis a
preparation called Krimi-dhuUjalapraba Rasa containing
Shankha bhasma, tin, mercury and sulphur and emeblic myro-
balan has been recommended—(Jour, of Ayur. Oct. 1925).
As a caustic, lime isi used in various combinations for differ-
ent diseases; e-g.:—as an application to enlarged glands and
tumours, a mixture of Conch-shell lime (Shankha bhasma),
impure carbonate of soda (Sarjika) and the ashes of Raphanus
sativus is recommended by Chakradatta. A mixture of lime,
carbonate of soda, sulphate of copper and borax is applied as
a caustic to tumours and warts. As a depilatory, a paste
made of Conch-shell lime 3 tolas, orpiment and the ashes of
Butea frondosa one tola each rubbed together with the juice
of plantain stalks or of Calotropis gigentea, is mentioned in
Sharangadhara. It is applied seven times to the part from
which the hair is to be removed.
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 41

17. CALCII CARBONAS; or CALCIUM CARBONATE

(Eng.—Chalk; marble. Hind.—Vilati-chuna. Ben.—

Karimatti. Arab.—Kits. Pers.—Gil safed. Guj.—Chaka.
Tam.—Seemaychunnambu. Mai.—Kapur ingris. Burm.—
Tounghpyu) occurs in nature as lime-stone, white marble etc.
It consists of infinitesimal shells composed mostly of carbonate
of lime contaminated with iron oxide, clay, organic matter etc.
and forms rocky beds. Chalk exists in plants and can be ob-
tained by reducing them to ashes. In the animal kingdom it is
found in the hard parts of Corals and in oyster shells. Thus
it exists in all the three kingdoms of Nature. Carbonate of
lime is an ordinary ingredient of mineral and common waters.
In crystallized form it is known as calcareous spar. The crusts
which envelop crabs and lobsters are made of carbonate of
lime mixed with phosphate of lime. In the bones of animals
they are met with in equal quantities. Chalk occurs in ir-
regular, white, amorphous pieces, sometimes as a powder.
Prepared chalk or Creta Praeparata is a native friable car-
bonate of lime freed from impurities by elutriation i.e., the
chalk is powdered, washed with water, decanted and allowed
to subside. The sediment left is a pure carbonate of lime
free from soluble salines and flinty and sandy matters. Pre-
pared chalk or Cretae (Fr.—Craie. Ger.—Kreide. Hind.^^
Khariya. Ben.—^Khari) administered internally neutralises
the free acid of the gastric juice; it is useful in dyspepsia due
to acidity of the stomach, and to' check sour eructations; in
gout with excessive uric acid and in rickets (rachitis) with a
deficiency of hme in the system. Dose is 5 to 20 grains of the
powder. Prepared chalk is an antidote to poisoning by mine-
rals. Externally chalk is used as a desiccant, absorbent and
an antacid; useful in slight abrasions and burns, intertrigo
of children, and erysipelous inflammations. For scalds which
have much injured the skin, application of chalk ointment is
useful. Matron Crooks recommends for burns the application
of a mixture of chalk and linseed or olive oil with the addition
of vinegar just enough to reduce it to the consistency of treacle
or thin honey. Each renewal is said to bring "fresh rehef
and a most gratifying coolness";—(Health, Nov. 1925). In
42 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

purulent discharges from ulcers, in combination with burnt

cocoanut shell it is useful; it brings about a healthy action and
lessens the discharge.
Red Chalk is a kind of earth of red colour; Lat.—Ferrum
Haematite (Sans.—Suvarna Gairika. Ben.—Lalgiri-mati.
Hind.—Sitageru. Eng.—Red Ochre. Fr.—Ocre rouge). It
consists of the mixture of the hydrated sesqui-oxides of iron
with various earthy materials principally Kaolin and Quartz.
It is used as an antidote to arsenical poisoning. It is "sweet,
astringent, cooling, antibihous, anti-phlegmatic, generative of
bile, preventive of haemorrhage and beneficial in hiccup, piles,
vitiated blood, poison and burns. The electuary prepared
with its powder and honey instantly relieves the hiccup of
children.—(N. N. Sen Gupta).

18. CALCII HYDRAS

Galcii hydroxidum; Calcium hydroxide; Calci hydro-
xide; Calcium hydrate (Eng.—Slaked lime. Sans.—Churna.
Hmdl-^Chuna. Ben.—Chun. Punj.—^Kalai. Guj.—Chuno.
Tarn.—Chunambu. Tel.—Sunna. Arab.—^Kils; Ahu. Pers.—
Nurah. Burm.—Thon-phiyu) enters into the composition of
numerous compound powders and used in the cure of
dyspepsia. Locally it is applied to tumours and warts. Lime
water is prepared by adding two ounces of slaked lime to a
gallon of water and decanting off the supernatent clear fluid
after the whole mixture has been allowed to stand for a time,
r—(Chopra). Lime water given internally forms a good antacid
in dyspepsia and heart-burn; it is given with milk to children in
acidity of the stomach. Dose is 1 to 4 drachms, for children.
Another form called the Saccharated solution of lime, better
adapted for administration to infants and children, is prepared
by carefully mixing together in a mortar one ounce of slaked
lime and two ounces of powdered white sugar and adding this
to a pint of water and shaking well and allowing it to stand
for some hours. The supernatent liquid should be kept in a
well stoppered bottle. Dose is 15 to 20 drops in milk twice or
thrice daily. The uses of lime water are many and varied:—In
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 43

acidity of the stomach, in heart-burn, in those forms of diges-

tion due to acidity of the stomach and of indigestibn, when the
urine is scanty and high colored and when vomiting and acid
eructations are prominent symptoms, hme water is best given
in milk, in doses of 1^ to 2 ounces of the lime water. In diar-
rhoea arising from acidity it is best given in a solution of gum
arabic or other mucilage; in obstinate cases 10 drops of lau-
danum may be added to each dose. It may also be advan-
tageously combined with omum water. In chronic dysentery
the same treatment in addition to enemas of lime water diluted
with an equal part of tepid milk or mucilage has been bene-
ficial. In the diarrhoea and vomiting of infants and young
children, resulting from artificial feeding one part of lime Water
diluted with four to six parts of milk is suitable and the sac-
charated solution of lime internally is also of great service. Ob-
stinate vomiting, diarrhoea, in consumption, in poisoning by
mineral acids, vomiting attendant on the advanced stages of
fever, even the black vomit of yellow fever, and pyrosis or
waterbrash sometimes yield to a few doses of lime water 4 or
5 ounces being added to a pint of milk. In scrofula and in
those cases in which abscesses and ulcers are continually
forming, and also in cases of warts of children, lime water in
doses of half ounce in milk three or four times a daj' and
preserved for some time has proved beneficial to sorne extent.
In consumption as well as in diabetes lime water and milk
has been strongly recommended as an ordinary beverage. In
poisoning by any mineral acids, and also arsenic, lime water
given plentifully in milk is an antidote. Extefridlly, "Calci-
um popularly used in the forni of limei-water, is a well-known
remedy in all inflammatory swellings"—(Chopra), in pruritus
ani and pudendi (distressing irritation of the genital organs),
bathing the parts well with tepid lime water three or four
times a day affords much relief. Leucorrhoea arid other vagi-
nal discharges have in some instaiices been mitigated and even
cured by the use of injections of a mixture of 1 part of lime
water to 2 or 3 parts of water. Scrofulous and other ulcers
with much discharge have been found to improve under the
use of lime water as a local application. For syphilitic ulcers
or chancres one of the best applications is a mixture of lime
44 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

water haK a pint and calomel 30 grains (commonly known as

Black Wash); it is constantly applied to the part by means of a
piece of lint or clean rag moistened with it. Many forms of
skin diseases attended with much secretion and with great
irritation or burning, burns and scalds, and sore or cracked
nipples are benefited by using lime water as an emollient,
either pure or conjoined with some bland oil. Diluted with
equal parts of water or milk it forms a useful injection in
discharges from the nose and ears occurring in scrofulous and
other children. For thread worms in children, enemas of 3
or 4 ounces of lime water repeated two or three times have
sometimes effected a cure. To burns and scalds lime liniment
called Carron oil, composed of equal parts of lime water and a
bland oil (olive oil or sesamum oil, perferably linseed oil)
thoroughly shaken well together so as to form a uniform mix-
ture is a popular remedy; the parts scalded should be kept
covered with rags constantly wetted with the liniment. This
liniment on cotton wool applied to the pustules of small pox
is said to prevent pitting.

19. CALCII OXIDUM

Calcium Oxide or Calx or Lime Ko (Sans.—Sudha
Shudhakshara. Eng.—Burnt lime; quicklime; caustic lime
Hind. & Ben.—Kalika-chuna; Chunam. Arab.—Kilo
Apag. Pers.—Ahaka-nurch. Punj. & Kash.—Chuna; Chun
Guj.—Kalichuno. Mah. & Kon.—Chunno. Can.—Sunna. Tarn.
& Tel.—Chunnambu; Kar-shunnambu. Tel.—Sunnam; Ralla-
sunnamu. Mai.—^Nura. Burm.—^H'tonphia. Sinh.—^Hunnoo.
Malay.—^Kapor) is an alkaline earth occurring in both the
mineral and vegetable kingdoms. In the mineral kingdom it
is found combined in the form of carbonate, sulphate, phos-
phate, silicate and biborate of lime. Flourspar is a combina-
tion of lime with fluorine etc. In the vegetable kingdom it is
found in combination with vegetable acids. It is obtained by
calcination or by burning chalk, marble or lime stone with
coal or coke in a wind furnace known as kiln. It exists in
light lumps of dirty white colour; it slakes rapidly if water is
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 45

poured upon it, leaving a white, bulky powder. Lime is made

from burnt shell or lime stone. Its action is antacid. It is of
a pungent, acid and caustic taste and slightly soluble in water.
It is called slaked lime (Calcium hydrate) and the water
above is lime water. Slaked lime, the residue left after re-
moving lime water is a soft white powder of a strong alkaline
taste a n d reaction. Lime water is obtained by pouring water
on recently burnt lime, or when vapour ceases to be dis-
engaged set it aside to cool. It is also obtained by adding
water to slaked lime and shaking well for a few minutes and.
allowing it to settle down for about twelve hours. The
supernatent liquor is lime water. Quick lime shell or
unslaked lime is used as a caustic. A paste made of quick
lime and pearl ash equal parts is a useful application to j-emove
warts. An ointment prepared by mixing-well 3 parts of
butter and 1 part of wet chunam, lightly applied to develop-
ing witlow, twice daily, morning and evening, cures it. Mixed
with sulphuret of arsenic it is used as a cure for indolent ulcers.
In ringworm or Dhobie's itch an application made of quick
lime 1 ounce and precipitated sulphus two ounces boiled in
15 ounces of water until reduced to 10 ounces and then the
water decanted, is used every night for three or four days
for a cure. In combination with sulphuret of sodium, sul-
phuret of barium or sulphuret of arsenic in the proportion of
3 to 1, it is used to remove superfluous hair. For this purpose
a paste made of quicklime 4 parts, yellow orpiment 2 parts,
seeds of Butea frondosa 2 and Calotropis gigentea 3 parts is
in general use. It is also useful to destroy noevi and is a
useful caustic application on the bites of rabid dogs. In
neuralgic headache, applied to the part, it gives relief; applied
to relieve painful and gouty joints. For this purpose a paste
made of quick lime 2 partsi and the gum resin of Garcinia
pictoria or morella (gamboge) 3 parts is used. Quicklime is
also useful in jaundice, acidosis, urinary trouble and enlarged
glands.
46 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

20. C A L C n SULPHAS {CaSo^aHaO), or

HYDRATED CALCIUM SULPHATE
(Sans.—Sanjirahat. Eng.—Alabaster; Plaster of Paris;
Exsiccated Calcium Sulphate; Gypsum; Satin Spar. Sind.—
Karicheri. Pers.—Sangmakrani. Hind.—Sufed Pathar. Guj.
—Gabhana. Mah.—Godanti; Haratala) in primitive form oc-
curs generally in long, flat, dirty-white or 'alabaster' whiteness,
transparent scales, crystals or regular four-sided prisms, and
is an hydrous sulphate finely grained, cut to the shape of an
egg, having a fibrous structure and a pearly opalescence.
Action:—^Plaster of Paris is cooling, antacid and astringent.
For medicinal purposes it is prepared by everburning and
then grinding the ashes and is then known as Plaster of Paris
(Latin.—Gypsum selenite; Hind.—^Kulnar) or carbonate of
lime. Plaster of Paris is used to retain broken bones in a
fixed position. In fracture of the limbs and ribs and in
diseases of the spine it is useful. Carbonate of lime-ash is
well rubbed in curd and then locally applied to painful and
swollen parts or to the chest with relief. Internally it is an
astringent and antacid and is useful in menorrhagia and aci-
dity of the stomach, and is given as gruel in fever. In inflam-
mation round the ear, a paste made of Carbonate of lime 5,
alum 5 and Gile-armani (Silicate of alumina, magnesia and
oxide of iron) 4 parts is applied outside the ear; in otorrhoea
it may be dropped into the ear.

21. CAKBO LIGNI

(Eng.—^Wood charcoal; Medicinal charcoal. Hind.—
Lakrika-koyelah. Duk.—Lakrika kolsa. Ben.—Kash-tha-
kpyala. Mah.—Lakdacha-kolsa. Guj.—^Lakdu-koelo. Punj.
—Koilah. Kash.—^Tsuing. Tarn.—^Aduppu-kari. Tel.—Katta-
boggu. Mai.—Muttikari. Can.—Kattige-iddalu. Burm.-^
Then-muswe. Sinh.—Anguru. Malay—Ahrang) is an importr
ant article from the sanitary, medical as well as economical
point of view. It is used as a deodoriser in sickrooms by
hanging this muslin bags loosely filled with roughly powdered
charcoal; the charcoal requires to be renewed occasionally.
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 47

Water is purified by boiling it with a good-sized piece of

freshly prepared charcoal. Charcoal is used i n respirators
and sewer traps to protect .from poisonous gases. It also
forms an excellent filter placed in alternate layers with river
sand. Finely powdered charcoal mixed with fine powder of
the Areca or Betel nut forms an excellent toothpowder. Char-
coal poultice made by adding finely powdered charcoal to a
common rice poultice in the proportion of one part of the
former to three or four of the latter, with a little
charcoal powder also sprinkled over the surface of the poultice
is an esteemed application to foul ulcers and wounds. An
efficient charcoal poultice is made up of 2 ounces of bread
crumb boiled in 10 ounces of water for 10 minutes, then li
ounces of linseed meal or rice flour added and the whole
stirred to form a poultice to which i ounce of wood charcoal is
finally added, and a like quantity of dry charcoal is sprinkled
over the surface of the poultice. It corrects bad odour and
stimulates healthy action. Internally a mixture of charcoal
and rhubarb powder 5 grains each is given after food in dys-
pepsia with benefit; also in flatulence and acidity of the stomach
and intestinal tract; also in diarrhoea, dysentery and typhoid
fever charcoal powder is used internally as antiseptic and
stimulant, in biscuit or capsules. The most palatable way is
to mix it with chocolate. Dose is 1 to 2 drachms. Charcoal
of Butea frondosa has the property of decolorising like animal
charcoal. Dry charcoal has the power of condensing oxygen
within its pores which then becomes a powerful oxidiser
rapidly destroying organic substances. When thoroughly
wetted it loses this power.

22. CUPRUM
Sans.—Tamra; Shulva; Ravi; Mlechha-muka. Eng.—
Copper. Arab.—Nehass. Fr.—Cuivxe. Ger.—Kupfer. Pers.
—Misa. Hind.—Tamba. Beng.—^Tama. Assam.—^Tam. Guj.
—Trambo. Mah. & Kon.—Tambay. Tarn.—Shembu. Tel—
Tamberam; Ragi. Can.—^Tambra. Mai.—^Tambaga. Burm.-—
Kyani.
48 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Source.—Foiind extensively free in the metallic state and

also in various combinations as sulphide in copper pyrites
and as carbonate, phosphate, and arsenate; with oxygen as
cuprous or red oxide and as, cupric or black oxide. Copper
ores are found in several of the independent States of Raj-
putana, and in the districts of Ajmer, SLngbhum and Hazari-
bag (Bengal). In minute quantities it is found in natural
springs and in the animal and vegetable organisms.

Characters.—A brilliant, sonorous, ductile metal of a

reddish colour; impure copper is black; when mixed with im-
purities it breaks on being hammered. Copper is a good
conductor of heat and electricity. Its chief solvent is nitric
acid. Its most important alloys are four.—(1) Brass (an alloy
of copper with 25-40% of zinc). (Sans. & Indian Languages:—
Pittal. Pers.—Biring. Tel.—Atdi. Can.—Hittali). After
purified and reduced it is said to be "saltish, bitter, cool and
beneficial in jaundice, worms and spleen."—(N. N. Sen
Gupta). Calx of this compound metal is used as tonic and
alterative. A preparation called "Pittal Bhasma" is advertised
as astringent, expectorant and diuretic useful in bleeding piles,
anaemia, colic, asthma and other lung complaints. Dose is 2
to 4 grains with milk; Brass is of two kinds—'Ritika' and
'Kakatundi'. The former on being heated and plimged into
sour gruel turns copper-coloured. Brass, which is heavy,
soft, of yellow colour, capable of resisting strokes, is to be re-
commended. Brass, which is light and of offensive odour, is
not good for medicinal purposes. Brass, smeared
with a paste of lemon juice, orpiment and sul-
phur and roasted 8 times, isreducctd to ashes. The pro-
cess of killing brass is the same as that of copper.—(Sir P . C.
Ray's H. of H. Ch., Vol. I, Page 114). (2) Bronze {Sans.—
Kansa; Klansya. Pers.—^Roeen; Taliqun) contains 12 p.c. of
tin, also a little zinc, copper and lead; (3) Bell metal (an
alloy of copper, zinc, tin and antimony) (Sans.—Kansa- Pers.
^ T u a l i q u n . Hind. & Ben.—Kansa. Guj.—^Kanso- Mah. &
Kon.—Kanshe. Tel. & Can.—Kanchu) contains 25 p.c. of tin.
Bell-metal is also made by melting together 8 parts of copper
and 2 parts of tin. It is completely killed by being roasted
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 49

5 times with sulphur arid orpiment.—(Sir P. C. Ray).

(4) German Silver, an alloy of copper, zinc and nickel. Bell
metal and Brass' are sometimes used in combination with other
metals as for example, in the preparation called "Nityananda
Rasa." They are regarded as tonic and alterative. They are
purified and reduced to powder in the same way as copper.
Vartaloham:—is produced from Brass, copper, bell-metal,
iron and lead; hence it is regarded by metallurgists as an alloy
of 5 metals It is killed with the aid of sulphur and
orpiment.— (Sir P. C Ray).
"There is a copper ore, bornite or erubescite (CugFeSs)
which, on account of its peculiar colour and iridescence, is
known as 'peacock' ore. It occurs in several parts of India":.
— (Sir P . C. Ray, in H. of H. Ch., Vol. I, Page 138).
Preparations:—Thin plates of copper which can be pierced
by a pin are purified by being boiled in cow's urine for three
hours; then reduced to powder by smearing the thin leaves
with a paste of siilphur and lemon juice and beating them into
a mass and expiosing to heat in a covered crucible within a
sand-bath for 12 hours. The powder thus produced is rubbed
with Kanjika (fermented rice or paddy liquor) arid made into
a ball which is introduced into a tuber of Amorphopliallus
campanulatus as in, a crucible and roasted.- When cool take
out the ball and powder; the sulphide of copper thus produced
is innocuous; this last process is called ATnritakarana which
makes copper fit for internal use, freeing it from its toxic
effects of causing purging, vomiting, vertigo etc. The copper
powder (Taw-ra Bhasma.) is a dark-black powder, somewhat
gritty to the feel. Another method of preparing' Copper
Bhasma is by rubbing together mercury i and sulphur 2 parts
in the juice of Calotropis gigentea and adding old copper coins
(which are supposed to be of purer copper than new ones) and
submitting the whole to processes of oxidation and calcination
as in the preparation of gold or silver bhasvia. Dose is ^ to
1 grain. As alterative, the dose is 2 to 4 graini. As emetic,
in cases of poisoning, the dose is 24 grains with sugar or honey.
Action.—^Astringent, sedative, antispasmodic, alterative,
antiseptic, emetic and purgative. In small doses it is astrin-
4
,50 THE INDIAN MATEKIA. MEDICA

gent; in large doses it is alterative and in very large doses it

is emetic. Copper is absorbed from the stomach, intestines
and mucous membranes probably as a colloid and stored up
in the liver, smjall amounts being found also in the spleen and
kidneys. It is excreted by the liver, kidneys and the salivary
and intestinal glands. Colloidal copper increases activity of
cell-metabolism—(Dr. Gers. Med. Press 1910).

Uses.—Copper enters into the composition of several medi-

cines for ague, remittent and relapsing fevers, heart disease,
skin diseases, phthisis, enlarged spleen etc. Copper is used
in combination with aconite and the juice of dhatura leaves,
•in epilepsy, gout and rheumatisrn; also in chronic skin diseases,
leprosy, asthma, chronic diarrhoea and gonorrhoea. As anti-
septic copper salts are good in diarrhoea and bacterial infec-
tions e.g. Bacilli Coli. Owing to itS' antiseptic qualities an-
•cient Hindus preserved water in bright copper vessels (Tavtvra-
•patra).! Externally, Tamra-Bhasma is recommended in Ayur-
veda for local application in piles, leprosy, skin-diseases, and
ozoena. Modern researches have shown colloidal copper to
be useful in cancer. It. diminishes pain and produces marked
improvement. Internally prepared copper in small doses (gr.
1 to 2) is; considered valuable for chronic diarrhoea and sprue
—even cholera. Copper is highly poisonous to lower forms
of plant life, but not so on the higher forms of either plant or
animal Hfe. Copper has been used "in all forms of cholera and
diarrhoea with uniform success and satisfaction. Its greatest
usefulness is i n the prevention of all these diseases, the most
important of which is. typhoid fever"—(C. Wifekofi Cummins
in Jour, of Med. Soc. of N. J., J u n e 1912). The effect of 1/24
grain of copper sulpho-carbolate on choleraic diseases is mar-
vellous; all of the serious symptomsi abate in a few hours.
When using the copper nothing is used to con-
trol the diarrhoea directly unless it seems to be too
debilitating'. Then a little camphorated tincture of opium is
added and perhaps some cinnamon. In flatulent swelling of
intestines and Tabes Mesenterica (GulTxia), prepared copper
in two-grain doses rubbed with ginger juice and enclosed in
betel leaf is useful—(Rasendrasara Sangraha). A compound
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 51

preparatidri known as Gulma Kalanala Rasa is recommended

in this disease; it is given in dosegi of 8 grains on empty
stomach mixed with honey and a decoction of chebulic myro-
bolans. As antiseptic, prepared copper is useful in small
intestinal worms—(Rajanighantu); it may be tried in hook-
worm. The same recommends it in acid dyspepsia as an
alterative,'sedative and antiseptic. Prepared copper in small
doses is useful in bronchitis as an expectorant and also prob-
ably for its effect on the bronchial nerves. This (Tamra
hhasma) "was tried given with honey in a few cases of asthma
and bronchitis and found to give relief in those cases"—(Ind.
Drugs Report, Madras). As an emetic in large doses it is
useful to expel excessive mucous from respiratory tract; also
in asthmatic fitsi caused by the Vagus reflex. For this, Shar-
angadhara recommends a preparation of copper named Surya-
vartta Rasa. In phthisis also it is recommended. In this
disease Nighantu Ratnakar recommends a preparation called
Tamraparpati in -J to 2 grain doses. I n modern times Luton
has reported favourably on the use- of copper in tuberculosis.
— (Prev. Med., Deo. 1912). Jalodarari Rasa containing copper
and 1/3 grain of croton seed with other ingredients in eack
piU is recommended in ascites and dropsy.

In case of acute poisoning from use of unprepared Copper

(no case of poisoning from the "rectified" copper preparations;
of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia is known to have occurred) with
violent gastro-intestinal symptoms, potassium ferro-cyanide
should be given at once followed by demulcents such as milk
and ghee or infusion of Isaphgol. To reheve pain apply
counter-irritant over abdomen and give opium. For chronic
poisoning produced by taking small quantities for a long time,
with symptoms of gastiro-intestinal irritation, pharyngeal and
laryngeal catarrh, anaemia and wasting, profuse perspiration
and nervous symptomsi,—Saline purgatives for daily evacua-
tion, large quantities of milk and ghee and freshly made in-
fusion of Isaphgol are to be given.
52 THE INDIAN MATERIA M E D I C A

23. CUPRI SULPHAS, or CUPRUM SULPHAS, or

CUPRIC SULPHATE

(Sans.—Sasyaka; Tutta; Nella tutia; Tuttham; Mayura

tuttham; Sikhigrivam. Eiig.—Verdigris; Crude Copper sul-
phate or Copper acetate; Basic Copper acetate; Blue cop-
peras; blue stone; Roman vitriol. Beng.—Tutia. Hind. & Punj.
—Nila-thotha; Nila tuta. Guj. & Duk.—Mor-tutta. Malay.—
Toorshi; Turi. Burm.—Doutha. Tarn.—-Mayil-tuttam; Tut-
tam turichi. Tel.—Mayilu-tuttam. Can. & Kon.—Mayil-tuttu.
Sink.—Palmanikam. Arab.—Zajul-akhzar. Pers.—Zake-sabz)
is prepared by roasting copper pyrites with sulphur, dissolv-
ing the roasted mass in water and evaporating the solution to
obtain the dark-blue crystals of the sulphate. Copper sul-
phate occurs in blue crystalline masses. "Blue vitriol is in-
deed a semimetal oi copper as it isi derived from copper"-^
(Bhavaprakash). The stuff obtained from the bazar is usually
impure. It- may be purified by dissolving in water and re-
crystallising, and for internal use it is purified by being rubbed
with honey and/or ghee and exposed to heat in a crucible; it
is then soaked for three days in whey or water, and dried
in the sun. Copper sulphate thus prepared will be free from
toxic effects and will not produce vomiting. Its incompatibles
are alkalies, lime water, mineral salts (except sulphates) and
most vegetable astringents. It is a powerful astringent, eme-
tic and antiseptic; externally stimulant, styptic and mild
caustic. Dose, as an astringent is l / 8 t h to 2 grains; as an
emetic it is 5 grains, xxsed in case?) of poisoning by narcotics
such as opium, nux vomica, arsenic etc. In chronic diarrhoea
and dysentery, purified copper sulphate in doses of i to 2
grains is beneficial; and in the diarrhoea of the advanced
stages of phthisis, copper sulphate and opium i grain of each
in pill form, mixed with honey is given thrice daily. It is con-
tained in medicines named Grahanikapata, Rasa which is use-
ful in bowel diseases such as chronic diarrhoea and dysentery
and especially sprue; in Garbhabilasa Rasa or Sutikahindu
(Rasendrasarasangraha) which are recommended for puer-
peral diseases like puerperal diarrhoea, and indigestion during
pregnancy; in Jayamangala Rasa, Mahamrityunjaya Lauha,
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 53

Putapakwavisamajwarantaka Lauha, Jvarankusha (Bhava-

prakash) and Chaturthakari (Bhaisajyatantra) which are
used in intermittent and relapsing fevers with enlarged spleen
and liver. In cases of diarrhoea in children a mixture made
of copper sulphate 2J grains, Ajowan water 2 ounces is useful
in doses of a teaspoonful thrice daily. In cases of diphtheria
and croup in children a solution of copper sulphate (5 grains
to an ounce of water) in teaspoonful doses every J hour till
vomiting is produced, is useful. In cases of poisoning, copper
sulphate 4 grs. dissolved in hot water is given every few
minutes till vomiting occurs. Externally copper sulphate is
applied to indolent ulcers, exuberant granulations, sinuses
and fistula in ano in solid or preferably liquid form as solution
(2 grains gradually increased to 10 in an ounce of water). An
ordinary "pichu" or clean cotton or a piece of cloth boiled in
Samundra lavana 1 tola in 1 rrieasure or Padi of water, and
these cloth pieces preserved in wide-mouthed glass bottles so
as not to be contaminated with dust, are used in lieu of gauze
etc., as dressings for wounds. Where sodhana is required,
these cotton pieces may be dripped in a solution of Tutha
(copper sulphate) 1 grain to 4 ounces of solution, and applied.
For foul and obstjnate indolent ulcers, Chakradatta recom-
mends an ointment of copper. An ointment known as Oleatum
Cupri (B.P.) is highly recommended in parasitic diseases of
the skin, in ringworm, indolent ulcers etc. In prickly heat
a solution of copper sulphate in rose water (1 in 50) often
gives relief. In ringworm an ointment made of copper sul-
phate 10 grains, powdered galls 1 dr. and an ounce of ceromel^
rubbed on the affected parts, though it smarts, is very effect
tive. In eye diseases, Chakradatta recommends a weak solu-
tion of Copper sulphate (1 in 500) to be dropped into the eye
in opacity of the cornea. A half per cent solution (copper
sulphate 2 grains, alum 2 grains and water one ounce) may be
used in conjunctivitis and ophthalmia with copious discharge.
In haemorrhage from the nose (i.e., epistaxis) and other forms
of bleeding from mucous surfaces, solution of copper sulphate
4 grains to 1 ounce of water, is effective as a nasal douche
even when alum fails. If there is excessive bleeding from
wounds, due to leech-bite, application of a little powdered
54 THE. INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

copper sulphate is useful when alum fails. In leucorrhoea

and gonorrhoea it may be used as an astringent and antiseptic
vaginal or urethral injection. In ulceration of the mouth
copper sulphate 2 grains in a little honey may he applied to the
ulcers. In cases of poisoning by opium, dhatura, nux-vomica,
Cocculus indicus, aconite, arsenic etc., (where immediate
emptying of the stomach is necessary and not in other cases)
copper sulphate solution (5 grains in a pint of tepid water)
given at a draught acts promptly as a good emetic; this may
be repeated a second or third time if necessary. Vomiting
is promoted by copious draughts of warm water. If the sul-
phate causes any unpleasant effects the white of egg is the
best remedy. In cases of b u m s from phosphorus, cotton pads
soaked in 1 per cent solution of copper sulphate are useful;
this immediately coats the phosphorus with a black layer and
renders it inert".^^(Dr. D. C. W a l t o n ^ J . Amer. Med. Assoc).
For spongy gurris Aksir-ul-Imraj recommends an application
made of copper sulphate, alum, pellitory root, black pepper,
each 2 mashas and honey 1 tola; it is to be applied to ^the
gums. Vaidyas prepare a coUyrium called "Tuthavn" or
"Tuttan^ana" made of copper sulphate and root of C. luteum.
(See—C. luteum).

24. FERRUM
Sans.—Lauha; Hyam. Eng.—Iron. Arab.—Hadida. Pers.
—Ahana. Urdu.—Lohchun. Hind., Ben. & Duk.—Loha.
Guj.—Lodhun. Mah. & Kan.—Lokhand. Can.—Kabbina.
Tarn.—^Irimbu. Tel.—Inumu. S'inh.—Yekada. Burm.—
Than. Malay.—Basi.
Source.—Rareily met with free in nature, though very
widely distributed in both the organic and inorganic king-
doms. Found in nearly all rocks, soils, etc., variously com-
bined with oxygen as haematite, magnetic iron ore etc., with
sulphur as iron-pyrites, and as carbonate of iron, in. spathic
iron; in the ashes of plants and even the blood (red corpuscles
of the blood) of animals; also in the bile, chyle, gastric juice,
lymph, milk, pigment of the eye and in the urine.
 WITH AYURVEDIC, U^fANI & HOME REMEDIES 55

Classification.—According to Rasaratna Saiiiuchchaya

there are three varieties of iron:—(1) Cast or Wrought Iron
(Mundam), which is again sub-divided into three varieties:
(a) Mridu is that variety of iron which easily melts, does not-
break and is glossy; (b) Kuntham, that which expands, with
difficulty when struck with a hammer, and (c) Kadaram, that
which breaks when struck with a, hammer and has a black
fracture. (2) Steel, i.e., properly cast-iron; (Tikshnam)—;
which is again of six varieties: (a) Khara—rough, free from,
hair-like lines and on breaking shows the lustre of quicksilver
and break easily by bending; (b) Sara—the variety which,
breaks in the sides by hammering; it has hair-like lines and
is a product of brown soil; (c) Hrinnala—it is black in colour,
shows seed or beak-like fines and is very difficult to .cut;
(d) Bajir Lauha—it is of sky colour and shows thin lines;
(e) Tarahatta—^not described; (f) Kala. or Kalayasa—blue-
black colour, brilliant, plain, heavy and. does not break even,
by striking with an iron hammer. (3) Wrought iron
(Kantam); its characters:—"It possesses one, two, three, four
or five faces and often many more faces (with which to attract
iron) and is of yellow, black and red colour respectively. It
is also subdivided into five varieties:—(a) Bhramaka—"that
variety which makes all kinds of iron move about";.
(b) Chumb.aka—"that which kisses any other piece of iron";
(c) Karshaka—"that which attracts another piece of iron";
(d) Dravaka—"that which can at once melt other sorts of
iron", and (e) Romakanta—"^that which when broken, shoots
forth hair-like filaments". Of all varieties described above
Bhramaka and Chumhaka are well suited in curing diseases;
Karshaka and Dravaka in Rasayana for rebuilding of the lost
tissues of the system. Romakanta is best suited in binding oc
treating mercury. "Mercury is like an intoxicated elephant
and Kantain is like the bent hook wherewith to restrain it.
The wise man digs it out of the mines. That which has re-
mained, exposed to the sun and the atmosphere is to be avoid-
ed".—(Rasarnava). "If water is kept in a vessel and oil
poured over it and the oil does not spread about; if asafoetida
gives up its odour, and decoction of Melia azadirachta (neein)
its bitterness, and milk being boiled in it, does not overthrow
56 THE INDIAN MATERIA MBDICA.

"but rises high like a peak—if such be the characteristics of the

vessel, know that it is made of Kanta iron (Kanta Lauha).—r
(Sir P. C. Ray's H. of H. Ch., Vol. I, p, 109). Kanta Lauha is
recommended for use in preparation of medicines.
Purification.—Iron is purified by the following methods:—
(1) It is first of all beaten into thin plates, which are then
heated in fire and when red-hot, plunged into the following
liquids one at a time:—oil, whey, conjee, cow's urine and a
decoction of Dolichos uniflorus. This is repeated three times
in succession. (2) To get rid of impurities, boil one and half
seer of water, reducing to quarter and then soaking in if half
a seer of thin plates of cast iron which have been previously
heated. Repeat the process seven times. (3) "Powdered iron
is to be macerated a while in the decoction of the three myro-
balans, (triphala), in cow's urine and then to be mixed u p
with clarified butter and fried in an earthen vessel and
stirred with an iron rod until a blade of straw thrown over it.
catches fire. The iron powder is to be pounded and the
above process repeated five times. Or, iron is roasted four
times in a covered crucible with the decoction of the myro-
balans and is reduced to fine powder. Leaves of Tikshna
iron (steel or cast-iron) are repeatedly to be heated and
plunged into water and then to be powdered in a stone mortar
with an iron p e s t l e , . . The powder of iron thus obtained is to
be roasted twenty times in a covered crucible in combination
"Vvith mercury aiid sulphur, and after each roasting the powder
of iron is to be pounded as directed above—iron thus reduced
to ashes is to be used in medicine.

Take one part of iron aiid twentieth part of its weight of

cinnabar and rub them with lemon juice and sour gruel and
roast the mixture in a covered crucible. The operation being
repeated 40 times, Kantdm, tikshnam and mundam are killed.

Take of mercury 1 part, sulphur 2 p a r t s and iron-powder-

3 parts and rub them with the juice of Indian aloe and after
6 hours transfer the mass to a brass-vessel and cgvei; it with
t h e leaves of the castor-oil plant. At the end of an hour and
a half the mass will become: heated., It is then buried under
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 57

a heap of paddy grains and taken out after three days and
then powdered very fine and the contents passed through
hnen. All the three varieties of iron are thus completely
killed.—(Sir P . C. Ray's H. of H. Ch., Vol.. I, pp. 109-110).
Tests for Killed Iron.—"Killed iron is that which in the
shape of impalpable powder floats on water and when rubbed
between the thumb and the fore-finger enters the lines; which
on being mixed with treacle, Abrus precatorius, honey cind
ghee, and heated, does not revert to the natural state; which
floats on water and does not sink down even when heavy
things like paddy grains are placed over it.
Killed iron is that which on being heated with silver does
not mix (or alloy), with, it.—(Sir P. C. Ray's H. of H. Ch.,
Vol. I, p. 119).
Characters of Prepared Iron (Oxides of Iron).—It is a fine
impalpable powder of a dark reddish brown colour which
floats on water.
Preparation, of Lauha Bhasma.:—^The fnost easy method
of reduction of iron is by soaking it for seven successive; days
in the juice of pomegranate or J a m leaves and drying it in
the sun. Then the iron is roasted (by putas) as usual. By
this method only 6 to 10 putas are sufficient for efficient reduc-
tion of iron:—Dose is 6 to 12 grains.
. Action.—Iron improves the quality of blood. Iron pro-
duces constipation and this is why it was recommended to be
administered with Trrphala- powder. Iron stimulates the func-
tional activity of all the organs of the body and is therefore
a valuable general tonic. Lauha Bhasma is a powerful altera-
tive, astringent, tonic and restorative.
Uses.—:Iron and its preparations are generally given with
certain selected, vehicles. In consumption it is given with
black pepper and long pepper. In hectic iever Lauha, Bhasma
is given; with honey and dry ginger. I n gonorrhoea it is given
with guggula. As a haematihic tonic prepared iron is. used
in many diseases:—Anaemia and chlorosis:^Iron is of great
value in both simple and secondary anaemias. The benefit is
58 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

specially marked in cases of clilorosis and in anaemia caused

by malaria, kala-azar, chronic discharges or repeated passive
haemorrhage. Among the various preparations Navayasa
Lauha is very useful and is very commonly used in all forms
of anaemia; it is prepared thus;—Take of prepared iron 9
parts, ginger, long pepper, black pepper, tuber of Cyperus
rotundus. Plumbago root, each 1 part; powder and mix. Dose
in 4 grains with honey. The dose is increased gradually every
second day by 2 grains till the maximum dose of 16 grains is
reached—(Chakradatta). Guduchyadi Lauha is a similar
preparation with the only difference that it contains also
Gulancha. Lohasava is another similar preparation contain-
ing, besides the above drugs, triphala, ajwan and vavading.
It is useful in anaemic dropsy and diseases of the spleen. Dose
is 4 to 2 tolas. In secondary anaemia from chronic intermit-
tent fever, iron is very useful adjuvant to anti-pyretic drugs.
Vrihat Sarva-Jvara-hara-Lduha, Visama Jwarantaka-Lauha
and Jaya iMangala Rasa are well known preparations contain-
ing iron and are commonly used. In haemorrhagic diseases
such as haemoptysis, haematuria, bleeding from piles, etc.,
iron is commonly given with good results. In leucorrhoea
leading to anaemia, preparations containing iron are useful.
Iron is a valuable remedy in Bright's disease and not only
cures the anaemia but also lessens' the albumin. It is usually
prescribed with Yavakshara, for which Tryviskanadi Lauha re-
commended in Rasendrasara Sangraha is used. It contains:—
Iron 4 parts, Yavakshara, ginger, long pepper & black pepper
each 1 part, made into 6 grain pills with water. It is useful
also in chronic dyspepsia with anaemia, scrofula and tuber-
culosis and in anaemia due to intestinal worms. Iron is of
great value wlien given internally in some skin diseases, i.e.,
erysipelas, carbuncles and farunculosis. The use of iron with
vegetables containing tannic acid, produces tannate of iron
which is insoluble in water and it is a very strong illustration
of chemical incompatibility. But, Dr. H. C. Sen Says "recent
investigations have shown that, iron in its mineral state is not
absorbed. The only way i n which it enters the system is as
vegetable or mineral compound. Large quantities of iron do
produce effect on anaemia., This is due to the power of iron
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME_ REMEDIES 59

to educate the cells to take ironj from vegetables and animals.

Iron is not. absorbed in any other way. We have about
46 grains of iron in our system. If it were not for this fact,
and 3 doses of ferri carbonas saccharatus ought to have cured
every case of anaemia. We know, however, that this is far
from being t r u e . The iron goes out with the faecal .matter as
sulphide. The gradual effect of iron in anaemia is due to its
teaching the intestinal and other cells to do their duty of selec-
tion more carefully. What is true of iron, is true of many
other things." A light diet of fine rice etc., should, be adopted,
and all indigestible food should be avoided during the use of
this medicine. A preparation called ChandaTiadya Lauha is
recommended in Rasendrasarasangraha for all sorts of chronic
intermittent fevers and fever with enlarged spleen; it eontains
iron, together with a number of vegetable drugs, all rubbed
together. Dose is ten grains to. be taken with the fresh juice
of Tinospora Cordifolia and Hedyotis biflora. Rasayanamrita
Leha is a confection containing prepared iron and a number
of vegetable medicines and rock salt prepared with the aid of
lemon juice, decoction of the myrobalans, sugar and ghee is
useful in enlargement of .abdominal, viscera, anaemia, jaundice
and chronic fever. Dose is 1 to 2. tolas. Visamajvarantaka
Lauha is also useful in such cases.. It is prepared out of sub-
limed mercury and sulphur, prepared gold, prepared iron, copr
per and talc, prepared tin, red ochre and corala, roasted pearls,
conchshell a n d bivalve shell, and beaten together into a mass
with the aid of water, and. the mass then enclosed within bi-
valve shells covered with .a layer of clay and roasted lightly in
fire burning with cowdung .cakes. Dose of this is four grains
given with the addition of long pepper, rock salt and asafoetida
each 4 grains and a little honey, daily in the morning. Seve-
ral preparations of iron are used in piles such as Mana Sura^
nadya Lauha, Arsari Lauha, Agnimukha, Lauha etc, . .Mana
Suranadya Lauha is prepared thus:—^Take of the root-stocks
of Colocasia indica.and Amorphophallus campanulatus, of the
roots of Ipomoea turpethum and Baliosperum montanum,
marking nuts, the three myrohalans (triphala), black pepper,
long pepper, ginger, seeds of Embelia ribes, root of Plumbago
zeylanica and the tubers of Cyperus rotundus, equal parts, pre-
60 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

pared iron in quantity equal to all the above ingredients. Pow-

der and mix. Dose is about a scruple. This medicine is use-
ful in piles with constipation. For haemorrhagic diseases
Kandakadya lauhcC, Sudhanidhi rasa, Amalakadya lauha, etc.,
are recommended. The last is prepared thus:'—Take of emeb-
lic myj.'obalan and long pepper each 1 part, sugar 2 parts, pre-
pared iron 4 parts, powder and mix them together. Dose is 6
to 12 grains in haemoptysis, haematuria etc., with suitable ad-
juncts— (Rasendrasarasangraha). In anaemia and dyspepsia
with anorexia an organic compound of iron called Kdlpam
made of iron powder, pepper, garlic and limes, was tried and
"found very beneficial in improving the blood, strengthening
the patient and also in creating an appetite"—(Ind. Drugs Re-
port, Madras). In dropsy due to anaemia, Bright's disease and
heart affections, Shoathahar Loha the chief ingredients of
which are trikatu, Yavakshara and hoha hhasma (Calcined
iron) is recommended in doses of 1 to 4 pills of 6 grains each
three times a day after food. For chronic dyspepsia giving
pain after digestioii, and for chronic fever, diar-
rhoea, phthisis etc., Bhavaprakasha gives a con-
fection containing vdvading, mustaka, triphalii, tri-
katu, gulancha, dariti, trivrit cliitraka, prepared iron,
old iron rust, prepared talc, purified mercury and sul-
phur. Dose is 10 to 30 grains with milk or cold water. For
anaemia, jaundice and dyspepsia a preparation called Dhatri
leha made of prepared iron 32 tolas, emeblic myrobalan 64 tolas
and liquorice root 16 tolas, all powdered and soaked into
Gulancha root-juice seven times successively is used. Dose is
20 to 40 grains. In asthma with constipation due to Vayu-pitta,
iron is used in the form of Mahdsvasari lauha and Pippuladi
lauha which are similar in composition viz:—^prepared iron,
prepared talc, tnphala, liquorice root, raisins, long pepper,
kernel of jujube fruits, bamboo-manna, taUspatra, haherang
seeds, cardarrioms, root of Aplotaxis auriculata, flowers of
Mesua ferrea, honey and sugar. Dose is 20 grains taken with
honey two or three times a day. In enlarged spleen Rohitaka
lauha is the favourite form in which iron is used. In enlarged
liver, spleen, jaudice etc. Yakridari lauha mentioned in
Rasendrasarasangraha is used; it is made of prepared iron, talc
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES U

and copper 4 tolas each, root of Citrus Bergamia and burnt

deer-skin 8 tolas each, rubbed together with water to make a
pill-mass. Dose is 9 to 18 grains. In anasarca it recommends
Tryushanadi lauha already mentioned in connection, with
Bright's disease. It gives also a number of iron preparations
for various kinds of diseases; e.g., erysipelas, carbuncles and
boils, a pill called Kalagnirudra rasa is recommended. It con-
tains mercury, sulphur, prepared talc, iron, iron rust and iron
pyrites each 1 part rubbed together with water and the mixture
roasted within a covered crucible, and when cool, one-tenth
part of its weight of aconite is added, mixed intimately and the
mass divided into 22 grain pills. For chronic fever, anaemia,
jaudice etc., and urinary diseases as gonorrhoea, strangury
etc., a preparation called Mehamudgara rasa is recommend-
ed. It contains prepared iron, black salt, triphdla, trikaiu
and a number of other vegetable substances, beaten into a
uniform mass with ghee. Dose is 22 grains with water or
goat's milk. In diabetes and other urinary diseases, female
complaints etc., pills called Vrihat Somanatha rasa are recom-
mended to be administered with honey. It contains prepared
iron, talc, tin, silver, calamine, iron pyrites, sublimed and puri-
fied mercury and gold. Dose, is 4 grains. For diabetes, late
Hakeem Ajmal Khan Saheb of Delhi prescribed 1 grain of
reduced emerald and i grain of reduced iron, mixed and made
into one dose to be used with a Majoon (confection) suited to
the disease—(Hakeem & Vaidyan). A preparation similar in
composition to the above and called Somesvara rasa is given in
leucorrhoea and other female complaints. In "worm
affecting the liver and causing jaundice and in blood parasites
with constipation and ulceration in eye and throat" a prepara-
tion called Krirai-kalavul Rasa, containing iron mercury and
sulphur, lead, aconite, and Vidanga, is recommended and for
"blood parasite causing jaundice or dysentery, another pre-
paration named Krimirogari Rasa containing iron, mercury
and sulphur, lead, aconite, Cyperus rotundus, triphala, trikatu,
Cissempelos pareira, Pavonia odorata, Aegle marmelos, Wood-
fordia floribunda and juice of Verbesina calendulaceae, is re-
commended—(Dr. Ashutosh Roy—Jour, of Ayur., Oct. 1925).
Another haematinic vermifuge mentioned by the same and
62 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

called, Vidanga Lauha containing vidanga, iron, mercury and

sulphur, arsenic, black pepper, nutmeg, cloves, ginger and
borax is good in worms and blood parasites with chronic fever
and other troubles of gastrq-intestinal tract.
Besides the preparations mentioned above numerous other
combinations of mercury, iron and talc with the addition of
gold, silver, copper etc., in varying proportions and combina-
tions are described under different names. In fact, mercury,
iron and talc constitute the basis of the great majority of the
pills used by Kavirajas. Iron forms an ingredient of hair dyes,
e.g.—a paste made of powdered iron, chebulic and emeblic
myrobalans 2 tolas each, mango stones 5 tolas and belleric my-
robalan 1 tola rubbed together with water in an iron vessel
and steeped for one night. This paste is applied to grey hairs
for turning them into black—(Bhavaprakasha).

25. FERROSO-FERRIC OXIDE

Ferri Oxidum Praecipitatum Fuscum (B.P-C.) o r F e r r i Pe-
roxidum Rubrlim (Sans.—Manduram. Eng.^-Ironrust; impure
oxide of iron; Magnetic iron oxide; Magnetite. Arab.-^Khabsul
Hadid. Pers.—Zang-e-ahana. Bom.—Loheka janga. Hind.—
Lohaka-Zang. Ben.—Lohar-gu. Duk.—Lohaka-gu; Mandur.
Guj.—Lodhano-kata. Tel.—Innupa chittumu. Tarn.—
Irumboo Chittam. Mai.—Irambak kitane. Can.—Kabbinada
Kilubu or kitta. Sinh.—Yakada kittam. Kon.—Lokhanda-gu.
Burm.—Sanpia; Tambia) is prepared iron rust consisting of
small particles of iron or forge scales scattered round the
blacksmith's anvil, when, hot iron is! beaten on it; these by
exposure to air become rusty and brittle; then they are con-
sidered fit for use. They are then roasted again and powder-
ed very finely. Mandura is thus purified and prepared for
use like cast iron. The properties of Mandura are similar to
those of cast iron. "The qualities which reside in killed iron
are also to be found in the rust of iron; hence the latter may
be substituted for the treatment of diseases"—(Rasaratna
Samucchaya). Dose is 2 to 6 <5rains. Mandura is specially
useful in anaemia, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia,
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 63

chlorosis etc.; also diarrhoea, chronic bowel complaints, dyspe-

psia, intestinal worms and nervous diseases; neuralgia of the
5th nerve due to debility, kidney diseases, albuminuria etc.
The most, important conditions under which the use of Mdn-
dura should ibe avoided are jeverishness produced either hy
chronic diseases or by local irritation as in dyspepsia attended
with constipation- Guda Mandurd is a favourite medicine for
dyspepsia with pain after taking food. It is made thus:^—Take
of iron rust 3 parts, emeblic and chebulic myrobalans, and old
treacle each 1 part, These are rubbed together with honey
and ghee and made into boluses; to be taken in dividisd doses
before, along with, and after meals—(Bhavaprakash). Mari-
dura Loha, the chief ingredients of which are trikatu, chitraka,
vidanga, rnakshika hhasma and mandura hhasma is used in
asthma, general debility, sexual debility, intermittent fever
with enlargeinent of spleen and heart disease. Dose is 1 to
4 pills of two grains each twice a day after food. For dyspe-
psia, congested liver etc., a powder composed of Mandura and
panchalavana (the five salts) 5 parts each and Amla 4 parts
is useful. jDose; is 10 grains. To women with scanty men-
struation Mandura is given in combination with aloesi and
other stimulants. Following are a few useful Home Remedies
containing Mandura.— (1) Take of Mandura 4 parts, Oxalis
corniculata. Piper iongum, each 1 part, and sugar 2 parts. Mix
and powder, Pose is 10 grains; used i n haemoptysis and hae-
maturia. (2) Take of Mandura 5, Cinnabar 1, Trikatu 5, Cloves
2, Arillus of nutmeg ,3- parts. Mix and powder. Dose is 5
grains; used as an alterative tonic in the pregnant state. (3)
Take of Mandura 4, Impure carbonate of potash 3, and Trikatu
1 part. Dose is 3 grains; used in anasarca. Externally an oil
made of swee.t oil 4^ parts, Mandura, triphala and Indian sarsa-
parilla 1 part each and the juice of Bhangra 15 parts is used
with much benefit in alopaecia.

26. FERRI SULPHAS

(Sans.—Kasisa; Hura-tutia. Eng,—Green Vitriol; Green
Copperas; Copperas of Commerce; Sulphates of Iron (FeSo);
Crude Ferrous Sulphate; Iron Sulphate; Salt of Steel. Fr.—
 64 THE INDIAN .MATERIA MEDICA

Sulphate ferreux. Ger.—Schwefelsaures Eiserioxydul. Ben.—

Hira-kas; Hirakosis. Can. & Kon.—Hirakasa. Arab.—2^:lje-
Asfara. Pbrs.—Zankurmadni; Tutiya^saba. Hznd.-^Haratutia;
JKasis; Hira-kasis oi- Heera-Kasus; Kahi. Guj.—Hara-kaSis;
Kashis. Punj. & Kash.-—Sang-i-sahz, Can. Tarn.. Tel. &
Mai.—Annabedi. Malay.—Madtikalpa. f 6l.—Tagramu) was
divided into, two varieties by the ancient Hindu chemists:—
(1) Valuka-kasisa. or DhaPu-kasisa, the green variety (ferrous
sulphate); (2) Pushpa-kasisa, the yellowish variety which is
probably iron sulphate covered with the- basic sulphate of
the sesquioxide from absorption of oxygen.—(Rasai^atnasamu-
chchaya). "Copperas of commerce, is produced principally
from the so-called alum shales from which alum is prepared.
As is the case also with alum, copperas is found sometimes as
a natural exudation upon alum shales and other rocks which
include iron pyrites".—(Sir P . C . R a y in H. of H.Ch. Vol. I,
p. 150). It is a salt usually obtained by the decomposition of
iron-pyrites by t h e action of atmospheric moisture. It can be
obtained also by dissolving iron wires in sulphuric acid by the
aid of heat. It occurs in pale bluish-gi-een oblique rhombic
prisms. Crude, greenish-blue crystals of sulphate of iron are
available in all the bazaars in India. Its taste is very astrin-
gent or styptic and without any odour; acid reaction; soluble
in water, insoluble in alcohol- It is a valuable haematinic,
tonic and astringent. It is apt to irritate the stomach. Pre-
parations made of it are generally Bhasina, oil and solution.
Bhasma is prepared by taking equal quantities of iron-sulphate
and sulphur, reducing them to fine powder, mixing and roast-
ing the mixture or mass. To this is added triphala (the three
myrobalans), black pepper, honey and ghee and the whole is
triturated. Dose is i to 2 grains twice a day with honey and
milk along with triphala powder and pepper. The Bhasma
is alterative and diuretic and is given in ozoena, consumption,
enlargement of the liver etc. According to Ayurvedic works it
is rarely used internally. Only Chakradatta had recommend-
ed a linctus composed of iron sulphate and pulp of wood in
hiccup. Iron sulphate, on account of its astringent properties,
is used as a lotion in erysipelas, anaemia and constitutional de-
bility, following on malaria, Kala-azar, etc., the following pre-
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 65

scription has been found useful : ^ F e r r i sulphas 4 grains, omem

water 6 ounces and infusion of chiretta 6 ounces. Two ounces
of the mixturp is given twice or thrice daily. Iron sulphate
is, however, useful in all diseases, where iron is indicated^
Following remedies are valuable in anaemia and debility:—
(1) A grain of ferri sulphas in an ounce each of omum water
and infusion of chiretta thrice a day after food. This is use-
ful in larger doses in cases of neuralgic' or rheumatic attacks
recurring periodically among the weak and the anaemic.
(2) Twenty-four grains of ferri sulphas and thirty grains
each of black pepper and cinnamon powder, made into 12. pills
with a sufficient quantity of honey and given in doses of one
pill twice a day. For anaemic females suffering from chorea
etc., leucorrhoea and anlenorrhoea purified aloes in equal
quantity to iron sulphate may be advantageously added.
Though iron is useful in simple anq.em,ias, it is useless or even
fiarmful in pernicious anaemia. The diagnosis between the
two forms is made by a microscopical examination of the blood.
Externally iron sulphate is used in skin diseases either alone
or with other medicines. For painful .syphilitic ulcers, Ferri
sulphas is dusted over them after washing them. Its stick or
solution is applied to foul ulcers and various skin diseases as
eczema, prurites, intertrigo etc. Chakradatta prescribes fop
the above complaints, a paste made of equal parts of iron sul-r
phate, gorochana, barberry root and orpiment, beaten into a
paste with Kanjika. In spreading erysipelas a solution made
of 10 grains of iron sulphate in an ounce of spirit of wine is
applied with a camel hair brush over the reddened area of the
skin and allowed to dry on; the application is repeated once
a day only until the redness disappears. The part should be
covered with cotton wool to exclude air. Chakradatta and
Sharangadhara both recommend an oil called Kasisadya taila,
as an application to the genitals and the breasts with the view
of strengthening them. It is applied also in fislula-in-ano for
the burning and pain in piles, and in ozoena, with benefit. It
is made of 16 tolas each of iron sulphate, Withariia somnifera
root, bark of Syroplocos racemosa and roots of Pothos offici-
nalis, beaten into a paste and it is boiled with 4 seers of sesa-
mum oil and 16 seers of water in the usual way. In bleeding
66 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

piles and prolapsus of the rectum, daily enemas of the simple

solution of the sulphate (3 grains to an ounce of water) are
serviceable. In chronic skin diseases an ointment made of
iron pyrites and ghee' is used with benefit.

27. FERRI SULPHURATUM (Fe S)

(Sans.—Svarnamakshika; Makshikam; Taramakshika.
•Eng.—Iron pyrites. Hind. & Bom.—Sonamukhi. Guj.—Sona-
mukhina-gantha) is formed by a combination of iron with
sulphur; i t is met with in many parts of India and has been
used in Hindu medicine from a very remote period. "Iron py-
rites (Fe 'Sa) are brass-yellow in colour and their dimorphous
form marcasite is pale bronze-yellow; but there are other
pyrite-like minerals which are silvery white; for instance,
Cobaltite (C0S2.C0.As2), Smaltite (CoAso), LoUingite (FeAss
with S) and Leucopyrite (Fe3As4). Iron pyrites roasted in
'air would give a red residue of FeaOg. But it seems more
likely that the "golden-yellow" variety is copper pyrite,
which has a deep yellow-colour and besides which iron-pyrite
when freshly fractured would appear almost silver in colour.
I n that case the 'essence of the appearance, of copper' might
be the metal itself. {'Vimala' would appear also to be a
variety of pyrites)". (Sir P. C. Ray's H. of H. Ch., Vol. I,
•p. 138).
Iron pyrites occur in two forms, viz: in dark-yellow
nodules or granules with a golden metallic lustre (brass-
yeUow colour) and in silvery radiated crystals. The former,
a native of Kanauj, is called Svamamaksika and the latter
Taramakshika is associated with stones and is of inferior
quality. Chemically, iron pyrites consist of bisuphide of iron.
Sulphide of iron is contained in preparations like Lauha-
parpati, Siddha-Jogeshwar and other tantric medicines along
with the sulphide of rnercury and other vegetable substances.
It is thus prepared::—Take 2 parts each of mercury, and sul-
phur and 1 part of killed iron, r u b well together in an iron
ladle and melt this powder with clarified butter over a gentle
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 67'

fire. It is then poured over plantain leaves and gently pressed

and finally used with other vegetable substances. Iron pyrites
is purified by being boiled in lemoii. juice with one-third of
its weight of rock salt in an iron vessel till the pot turns red
hot. It is reduced to powder by being rubbed with oil or
goat's urine and then roasted in a closed crucible. Iron
pyrites thus prepared has a sweetish bitter taste. It is tonic,
alterative and useful in anaemia, leucorrhoea, urinary diseases,
ascites, anasarca, prurigo, eye-diseases etc. Dose is 2 to 6
grains with honey. As an alterative, tonic it is generally used
in combination with other medicines of its class, such as iron,
talc, mercury etc. It is contained in a preparation known as
Garhha Vinoda Rasa. Chakradatta recommends a prepara-
tion containing iron pyrites 5 parts, prepared iron, sesamum
seeds, long pepper, black pepper and ginger 1 part each, beaten
into a mass with sufficient quantity of honey, to be given in
doses of 2 to 1 drachm in advanced anaemia and chlorosis; it is
also useful in ascites and anasarca. As an alterative tonic
useful in diseases of pregnancy a compound pill called Garhha
Kalana Rasa is given in Rasehdrasarasangraha; it contains
iron pyrites and cinnabar 4 tolas each, ginger, long pepper and
black pepper 3 tolas each, cloves and mace 6 tolas each beaten
into a pill-mass with water, and divided into pills of 4 grains
each. Dose is one pill twice a day- Ariother compound pill
containing prepared iron-pyrites (Mdkshika hhasma), Vavad-
ing and Atis each 1 part and guggula equal in weight to all
the other ingredients, made into a pill-mass and divided into
pills of two grains each, is used in doses' of 1 to 2 pills with
milk and conjee in cases of rheumatism, gonorrhoea, heart
disease, lumbago, hysteria etc. An ointment made of iron
pyrites, iron sulphate and copper sulphate, in butter or ghee
is a useful application in pityriasis, syphilitic sores and ulcers.

28. HYDRARGYRUM
(See also "Makaradhwaja" under A u r u m ) .
Sans.—Parada; Rasa. Ensr.-=—Mercury; Quicksilver. Fr.^—
Mercure. Ger.^-Merkur. Arab.—^Abuk; Zibakh. Pers.—
68 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Simab; Zeebaq. Hind. Ben. Duk. & Mah.—Para, Guj.—

Paro. Mai.—Rassam. Tel.—Padarasam. Tam. Kon. &-Can.—
Padrasa. Sink.—Rasadiya,
Para, means that which protects mankind from all sorts of
diseases.
Source.—Mercury is sometimes met with free in Nature
in the form of small, shining, silvery globules when it is called
quicksilver; it is so found in small quantities. But it is mostly
found as sulphide or native Cinnabar. It is scattered through
different kinds of stones, clay or ores.
Characters.—It is a shining, silver-white metal liquid at
ordinary temperature, divisible into spherical globules,
mobile, without any odour or taste, slowly volatilizing at
ordinary temperature; insoluble in water, hydrochloric acid,
or cold sulphuric acid, but soluble in nitric acid and hot sul-
phuric acid. It readily volatilizes at a temperature of red heat
without any residue. Mercury as found in the market con-
tains impurities such as tin, lead, stone etc. If administered
in an impure state it brings a number of diseases; hence it is
purified before use.
Impurities.—There are 3 natural impurities in quicksilver:
Visha (poison), Vanhi (fire), and Mala, (dirt, dregs) and two
artificial, due to its being alloyed with lead and tin. (Trades-
people fraudulently adulterate quicksilver with lead and tin,
hence it is to be freed from these artificial defects (impurities)
by means of 3 distillations by the use of Tiryakpatana Yan-
tram).—{Siv P. C. Ray).
Purification.-:—Various processes for purifying mercury
are described in books. At the present day the following is
generally adopted by Kavirajas. Mercury is first rubbed
with brick-dust and garlic, then tied in four-folds of cloth and
boiled in water over a gentle fire for three hours in an appa-
•ratus called Dola yantra. When cpol, it is washed in cold
water and tried in the sun. Some practitioners use betel-
leaves instead of garlic for rubbing the mercury with. Mer-
cury obtained by sublimation of cinnabar is considered pure
and preferred for internal use. Cinnabar, i.e., red sulphide
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNAl^tl & HOME REMEDIES 69

of mercury, occurring in nature as a mineral ore, in many

parts of the world, particularly in California, China and Spain,
is first rubbed with lemon juice for three hours, and then
sublimed in the apparatus called Urddhapatanw yantra. The
mercury is deposited wit'iin the upper pot of the apparatus,
as a blackish powder. This is scraped, rubbed with lemon-
juice and boiled in water, when it is fit for use. "In order to
examine whether the mercury has been completely reduced
to ashes, it has to be heated over a gentle fire for 3 hours. If
the weight remains constant, know then that it has been com-
pletely killed".— (Rasaratnakara). In other words, it means
that if there be any free mercury present, it would volatilise
off arid thus there would be a loss in weight".—(Sir P. C. Ray
in H. of H. Ch., Vol. I, p. 247). A peculiar form of mercliry
called Shadguna Tjalijarita rasa is thus prepared:-^A little sul-
jphur is placed in an earthen pot, and over it some mercury.
The pot is heated in a sand-bath, and, as the sulphur begins
to melt, cautiously and gradually more of it is added to or
placed over the mercury, altogether to the extent of six times
the weight of the mercury. When the whole is melted like
oil, the pot should be quickly removed fi-om the fire, and
cooled till the mass is consolidated. It should then be broken,
and the mercury extracted from within the niass. Mercury
thus obtained is superior to all other forms, but it is not much
used at present.

Fixation of Mercury:—Rasavandha: processes for destroy-

ing the fluidity of mercury:
(1) Take mercury and one-fourth its weight of killed
gold and with the addition of sulphur make a ball. Now add
an equal weight of Sulphur aind roast the niass in a covered
crucible or a glass retort. The 'mercury thus treated is after-
wards killed with six tiiries its weight of sulphur, and a shin-
ing reddish-brown crystalline sublimate of sulphide of mercury
is thus obtained. This is 'Makaradhwaja'.^^(Sir P. C. Ray in
H. of H. Ch., Vol. 1, p. 132).
Various methods of Incineration of Mercury:—
(1) Mercuiry, roaSted in a covered crucible with asa-
foetida, which has been previously digested in the milky juice
70 THE INDIAN MAXPIIA, MEDICA

of Ficus oppositifolia, is reduced to ashes.

(2) Andropogon serratus and Clitorea ternatea are to be
pounded in a mortar with sour gruel and with the paste thus
formed, mercury is to be triturated and digested 7 times and
finally roasted in a covered crucible after addition of fresh
quantities of the above paste. The mercury is reduced to
ashes, resembling salt.
(3) The seeds of Aehyranthes aspera and Ricinus com-
munis are to be pounded together. The mercury is to be
placed inside the powder and the mass roasted as before.
The mercury is reduced to ashes.—(Rasendrachintamani).
Purified mercury is to be preserved in the hollow of a
horn or tooth or of bamboo.
Rasendrachintarhani enumerates "the substances which
kill mercury without the use of sulphur", i.e., 41 plants, out
of which any ten may be employed at a time for the roasting
operation. The following among others occur in the list of
those 41 plants:—Vitis quadrangularis; Andropogon serratus;
Plumbago zeylanica; Clitorea ternatea; Calatropis gigantea
(milky juice); Euphorbia neriifolia (milky juice); Vitex
negundo; Datura stromonium; Aehyranthes aspera; Ficus
oppositifolia and Tinospora cordifolia.—(Sir P. C. Ray's H. of
H. Ch., Vol. I, pp. 132-133).
Preparations.—Four kinds of the ash (bhasma) of mer-
cury are described in ancient books, viz: black, white, yellow
and red (vermilion) called respectively Krishna, Sveta, Pita
and Rakta hhasmas. Krishna bhasma (kajiali) is the black
sulphide of mercury made by rubbing together and dissolving
over the fire three parts of mercury with one of sulphur.
This black sulphide of mercury is known as Rasaparpati. The
sveta bhasma (white ash) is the Rasakarpura or camphor of
mercury. This is often found to be almost pure calomel and
sometimes a mixture in indefinite proportions of calomel and
corrosive sublimate. Several processes are given in Sanskrit
works for preparing it:—
1st method:—Take of mercury and chalk equal parts, and
rub them together till the globules disappear. Rub this mix-
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 71

ture of chalk and mercury with ptinsu (salt obtained from

saline earth) and the juice of Euphorbia neriifolia repeatedly.
Enclose in a covered crucible and heat it within a pot full of
rock salt. The perchloride of mercury will b e deposited in
the shape of a pure white powder under the lid of the crucible^
—(Rasendrasarasangraha).. But this is now-a-days prepared
by subliming the black sulphide of mercury with common salt
or rock salt. >
1st method in other words:—"Rub mercury repeatedly,
with pansu salt (i.e., Audbhida salt) and the juice of Euphor-
bia neriifolia;- place the mixture inside an iron bottle, the
mouth of which is closed with a piece of chalk. The bottle is
embedded in a mass of salt, and then fire is urged for an entire
day. The white deposit in the rieck of the bottle is to be col-
lected".—(Rasendrasa:rasangraha).
2nd Method;^—Take a strong earthen pot an.d fill oner
fourth of it with common salt and place over it a mixture of
brick-dust, alum and rock-salt. Rub mercury with the juice
of Indian aloe and an equal weight of the above mixture into
a paste; deposit, it in the earthen pot and cover it with the
same ingredients. The pot is. to be firmly closed with a well-
fitting hd. Now apply heat foi: three days together.—
(Rasendrachintamani).
N.B.:—Dutt writes:—"Rasakarpura is now prepared, not
according to the processes described in Sanskrit works, but by
subliming the black sulphide of mercury with coriimon or rock
salt. In this form it is largely manufactured and sold in all
the bazars".
The yellow preparation called Pita hhasma is prepared as
follows:—^Take of mercury and sulphur equal parts, rub them
together for seyen, days with the juice of Phyllanthus neruri
and Heliotropium indicum. Place the mixture in a covered
crucible, and heat it in a sand-bath for 12 hours. The result
will be a yellow compound. The i"ed preparation called Rakta
hhasma or Rasasindura is preparied in a variety of ways. The
following is one of them:—Take of mercury and sulphur- equal
parts, rub together with the juice of the red buds of Ficus
72 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Bengalensis for three days successively, introduce the mixture

withiti a bottle and heat it iii a sand-bath for 12 hours. A
red deposit will adhere below the neck of the bottle. It is
taken out in the shape of dark-red shining scales. The black
sulphide prepared by rubbing together equal parts of sulphur
and mercury till the globules disappear is called Kajjali. The
red sulphide of mercury is called Hingula (Eng.^-^Ciimabar
(HgS) (Specific gravity 8); or Vermiiion;. Arab. Pers. Rind.
& Bom.—Sinjraph; Guj.—Hingalo; Mah, Can. & Kon.-^Jng-
lika)'; this sulphide occurs in nature as a fine grained, dark-
red. Very heavy mineral ore of mercury called cinnabar in
many parts of the world; it is found in Nepal. 'HingooV
found in the Calcutta market is not the natural ore, b u t is
artificially prepared by heating meircury with sulphur in a
retort. This substance, except for the slight impurities which
it may contain, has the same composition as 'Makaradhwaja'.
In the Ayurvedic practice, however, 'hingooV and 'Makara-
dhwaja' are claimed to possess entirely different properties.
Not only is it considered different frorn 'hingool' (the natural
red sulphide of mercury), b u t it is also thought to be different
from the artificial sulphides of mercury like 'KajjaW and
'Krishnaparpati (both of which resemble black isulphide of
mercury in composition) and 'rasa-sindhura' (red sulphide of
of mercury). These differences are rather difficult to explain
from the modern scientific point of view.—(Ghojora).. These
four preparations,- viz: Cinnabar or Hingiila, Kajjali, the red
preparation called Rasasindura and the Rasakarpura of the
bazaar are the four principal forms in which mercury is used
in Hindu Medicine; that is, they constitute the basis of all the
formulae containing mercury. Hingul bhasma or red sul-
phide ash is prepared by taking red sulphide 4', orpiment 1
and cloves 4 parts; and making a bolus in the juice of fresh
ginger, and roasting it in a covered crucible over a fire and
reducing the whole to ashes. Dose is l / 3 r d tt) 4 grain.

Action.—Most of the soluble salts of mercury are absorb-

ed .slowly from the intact mucous membrane of t h e alimentary
t r a c t and produce their systemic effects. The insoluble, mer-
curial salts, however, are Very sparingly absorbed. Mer-
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES ' 73

curous chloride and mercurous iodide are known to be ab-

sorbed as mercury can be detected in the urine after their ad-
ministration. It has been found that after administration of
0,6 gra. of calomel and 20 mgm, of mercurous iodide daily,
5 mgrrii and 4 mgm. of mercury respectively are excreted in
the u n n e . In the case of sulphides, however, a great deal of
doubt exists as to whether they are absorbed at all. The sul-
phide ion is very inert and it is clear that unless and until the
salt is dissociated into its constituent ions, mercury will not be
able to exert its influence on the body tissues. Sulphide of
mercury is not used in any of the Pharmacopoeias of Western
countries as it is considered to be devoid of therapeutic acti-
vity. This idea gains additional support from the fact that the
various mercurial salts after absorption are excreted into the
caecum and colon as sulphides and in this form, mercury is
found in the faeces. In the Ayurvedic' Pharmacopoeia, on the
other hand, mercury is predominantly used in the form of
sulphides. It is indeed strange that a country, where this
metal was first harnessed into the service of medicine, should
have chosen an insoluble and possibly an inert salt for thera-
peutic uses. Investigation was, therefore, carried on to deter-
mine whether this salt is at all made soluble under ordinary
physiological conditions in the gut and whether the mercury
ion liberated from this so-called inert combination can be
utilised by the tissues.—(Chopra). Small doses of mercury
diminish the amount of oxidation of the tissues, as evidenced
by the variations in the gaseous interchange. Further, ad-
ministration of small doses of mercury to rabbits, dogs and
men causes an increase in the number of red blood corpuscles
while the body gains in weight and the general nutrition is
improved. Larger doses, however, have been found to act in
the reverse way by causing a diminution in the amount of
haemoglobin, in the number of corpuscles atld in the weight.
Most of the preparations of mercury in use in the British
Pharmacopoeia are rapidly absorbed so that larger quantities
of mercury ion than are good for the system, are probably
taken up.—(Chopra) .—See "Makaradhwaja's" action also.
Mercury is known to be a powerful and readily diffusible
protoplasmic poison which acts in very high dilutions against
74 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

lower forms of life. "Mercury, alloyed with l/64th part of

its weight of gold or silver acquires a mouth wherewith to
swallow even hard metals".—(Sir P, G. Ray in H. of H. Ch.,
Vol. I, p. 120). Mercury is tonic, alterative, purgative, in-
direct cholagogue, antiphlogistic, antiseptic and sialagogue.
When taken into the system it combines with the acids and
fluids of the body; it is then easily absorbed by the skin, the
mucuous membranes, lungs and stomach and passes into the
blood as oxy-albuminate. In the stomach it is converted into
double chloride of sodium and mercury. It unites with the
albuminous juices and is easily absorbed. In the intestines
only a small portion of it is absorbed; the rest being converted
into a sulphide and eliminated with the faeces. In small doses
it acts as a blood tonic. It increases the number of red cor-
puscles and thus, in syphilis it counteracts the effects of poison
in the blood. In large doses it impoverishes the blood and
lessens its coagulability and therefore it should not be used in
haemorrhagic diathesis and in cases of repeated attacks of
menorrhagia; it diminishes the red corpuscles, lessens oxy-
genation, promotes the waste of tissues and disorders nutri-
tion and digestion. It stimulates the salivary, duodenal and
the pancreatic glands and the bile ducts and thus increases
the flow of bile. It also stirnulates. the liver cells and hence
acts as an indirect cholagogue. It may be found in the blood,
saliva, milk, urine, sweat, bile, pus, as also in various tissues
of the body. In pregnant women mercury leads to abortion,
still-births and births of cachectic infants; in children it leads
to a low state of the. body known as Marasmus, and in adults,
to a kind of cachexia characterised by wasted muscles, pale
skin and tendency to haemorrhages etc. Over-doses or long
continued use of mercury produce a set of symptoms known
as mercurialism characterised by symptoms of profuse saliva-
tion, swollen and spongy gums, foul breath, swelling of the
tongue, ulceration of the mouth, lips and tongue, loosening of
the teeth etc., etc. Mercury has the wonderful property of
absorbing, as it were, the actions of the other drugs with which
it is sublimed; e.g.—silver and copper when roasted with mer-
cury and sulphur impart their antispasmodic and tonic pro-
perties to the red sulphide which sublimes. Lead when roast-
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 75

ed in a similar way with sulphur and mercury imparts its

astringent property to the red sulphide of mercury. When
sublimed with gold the red sulphide becomes a valuable tonic
though red sulphide prepared without gold has quite different
properties—(H. C. Sen), H e says that insoluble prepara-
tions like Calomel aye not necessarily inert;, and says that the
red sulphide and the black, sulphide of mercury are extremely
efficacious in liver complaints, such as commencing cirrhosis
of the liver, dyspepsia, chroijic dysentery and similar other
allied diseases, such as chronic diarrhoea where the stools are
deficient in, bile. "I genei;ally use these preparations, in 5 to
15-grain doses twice a daiy. The most important precaution
to be observed by the patients while using, these preparations
is that t h e y have to give up salt and water altogether. The
result is marvellous. In those cases of sloughing dysentery
in whom these were administered in the very last stage, I
have invariably noted golden yellow bile in the upper part
of the intestines and in the gall bladder. It is well-established
fact that natural bile secretion is essential in the treatment of
dysentery and otheir bowel complaints, including even cholera".
The sulphides produce "asepsis in the large, intestine owing
to their slow absorption, like salol and beta-naphthol, and
to their stimulating the liver to secrete golden-yellow bile".
Uses.—"Mercury preparations have been used for many
years as tonic and alterative in the Western medicine. 'The
shining reddish, brown crystalline sublimate of sulphide of
mercury is a favourite and frequently used remedy with the
Hindu physicians. It is reputed to be a panacea for a variety
of ills that flesh is heir to. In the 'Rasendrachintamani',
'Rasendrasarasangraha^ and other treatises, this preparation is
described as 'Makaradhwaja' and 'Rasasindura' (lit. minium-
like mercury). From the supposed presence, of gold it is often
named 'Svarnasindura' (lit. gold and vermilion). Buring
sublimation, the gold of course is, left behind. The general
belief is that by association with gold the: mercury acquires
most potent efficacy. A later work 'Rasapradipa', is sceptical
about the part which gold plays and recommends its being left
out!"—(Sir P. C. Ray's H. of H. Ch., Vol. I, p. 132). In
fevers of all descriptions mercury is used in combination, with
76 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

aconite, croton seed, datura and other drugs: e.g.:—The pre-

paration called Hingidesv.ara contains equal parts of Cinna-
bar, aconite and long peppei- rubbed together and made into
|)ills about four grains each. , These are given beaten u p with
a little honey in ordinary remittent fever. In the Vayu type
of remittent fever and that of typhoid fever, Mrityunjaya
Rasa containing Cinnabar 2 parts and corrected aconite, sul-
phur, black pepper, long pepper and borax each 1 part, well
powdered and rubbed into a paste with water for days to-
gether and divided into two-grain pills, is recommended—
(Rasaratnakara), In fevers with constipation, another com-
bination called Jioaramurari Rasa is recommended—(Bhgi-
sajyaratiiavali). It contains Cinnabar, aconite, trikatu, borax,
chebulic myrobalan and corrected crotoh seeds, pulverised,
well beaten and made into pills of 2 grains each administered
generally with honey and ginger-juice. The pills called
Taruna Jvarari contain equal parts of mercury, sulphur, aco-
nite and croton seeds rubbed together with the juice of Aloe
indica and made into four-grain pills. These act on the
bowels and relieve' fever. They are given with sugar and
water—(Bhaisajyaratnavali). Pills called Trihhuvan Keerti
Rasa of which the chief ingredients are Rasasindura, aconite,
trikatu and pippali moola are used in high fevers and all local
acute inflarnmations such as those of pneumonia, erysipelas
and painful neuralgic affections. Dose is 2 to 6 pills of 1 grain
each every two hours until fever subsides. In diarrhoea and
dysentery of obstinate chronic form, mercury is used in- a great
variety of preparations, for example:—Vajraka'pata Rasa is
made of equal parts of mercury, sulphur, opium, ynocha-rasa,
triphala, trikatu, powdered, mixed and soaked in the fresh-
prepared leaf-juices of Cannabis sativa and Bhringaraja seven
times and made into pills of six grains each. These are ad-
ministered With honey in obstinate chronic diarrhoea. Dose
is from 1 to 3 pills three times a day. (2) Anandahhairav^x
Rasa containing Cinnabar, aconite, black pepper, borax and
long pepper in equal parts, mixed and reduced to a fine
powder is given as a specific for chronic diairrhoea, dyspepsia,
colic and diarrhoea of typhoid fever. Dose is 5 to 10 grains
given with honey mixed with the decoction of the bark of
 WITH AYURVEDIC, VNMil & HOME REMEDIES 77

Holarrhena antidysenterica. It may be given mixed with

lime juice or ginger juice in a pill-form also. Gandhar Rasa
made up of equal part§ of prepared mercury, sulphur, opium,
H. antidysenterica, Aegle marmelog, lodhra bark, Nagarviotha,
mocharas and dhania flowers, is also useful. Dose is 2 to 5
grains with whey. (3) Panchamrita parpati consists of mer-,
cury 4 tolas, sulphur 8 tolas, prepared iron 2 tolas, prepared
talc 1 tola and prepai-ed copper i tola, all rubbed together in
a mortar and melted in an iron ladle and prepared info disks..
Dose is 4 grains with honey and ghee, gradually increased to
16 or 18 grains—(Bhaishajyaratnavali). Parpatis of different
sorts when given in cases of diarrhoea with anasarca are con-
joined with a milk diet, and water and salt are prohibited.-
(4) Mahagandha Rasa made up of mercury and sulphur, nut-:
megs, mace, cloves and neem leaves each two tolas, powdered,
mixed together and roasted in the usual way. It is adminis^.
tered in doses of about 4 grains in the acute diarrhoea of
children—^(jRasendrasarasangraha), H. G. Sen says that "the
sulphides of mercury are direct cholagogues, and that they
have no equal in chronic dysentery, even of the sloughing
type. The precaution of stopping salt and water must be
strictly carried out. "I have cured very obstinate cases of
dysentery, cirrhosis of the liver with accumulation of fluid
in the peritoneal cavity and obstinate cases of dyspepsia and
chronic diarrhoea with these sulphides. Though these are far
inferior to the soluble preparations of mercury, yet they are
decidedly efficacious, and they have a peculiar advantage for
they never produce mercurial poisoning.... I have used other
preparations of mercury like corrosive sublimates, calomel,
grey powder, blue pill, etc., in dysentery with or without small
doses of ipecacuanha. There are many men who use calomel in
large doses for the treatment of cholera,. ,1 think half a grain
or a quarter grain of calomel, or even less, often succeeds in
giving suitable cases of cholera a favourable turn. The big
doses of calomel produce salivation after convalescence.
Everybody knows that at the evacuation stage of cholera
hardly anything is absorbed from t h e gastro-intestinal tract.
Whatever is done by the. administration, say of 10 or 20 grains
of calomel, is achieved by a very small quantity which
78 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

actually reaches the liver. The rest of the calomel if not

thrown out with the faecal matter, is sure to produce saliva-
tion. Very minute doses of calomel give a favourable turn to
cholera by checking vomitirag and bringing on secretion of
bile and of other digestive fluids. The unutilised part of the
big dose of calomel is absorbed in the convalescent stage, and
makes the poor patient suffer from calomel poisoning. In
hyperacidity, indigestion and dyspepsia a compound pill
named Vadavanal Rasa containing Kajjali panchalavana (five
salts), Yavakshara, Swarjikakshara (carbonate of soda) and
borax is recommended. Dose is 1 to 4 pills of 5 grains each
three times a day. This was tried with success iii cases of
chronic gastritis (Ind. Drugs Report Madras). As antipara-
sitic and vermifuge conlbinatidns like Krimimudgar Rasa
(see Ferrum), Krimikalanal Rasa (see F e r r u m ) , Krimidhuli
Jalaprahha Rasa (see Cailcium) and Krimi-rogari Rasa (see
Ferrum) are in use. In jaundice, mercury is used along with
other alteratives and purgatives, as for example, in the com-
pound pill called Pandusudana Rasa containing equal parts of
mercury, sulphur, prepared copper, croton seeds and bdellium
rubbed together with ghee and made into two-grain pills.
They are given with the juice of weem bark and honey in
jaundice. Acids and cold water for drinking should he avoid-
ed. For dropsy a compound pill known as Vahni Rasa is.a
specific. It is prepared thus:—Take of prepared mercury 4,
sulphur. Curcuma longa, Triphald, each 2 parts, Ipomoea tur-
pethum, Croton tiglium. Plumbago zeylanica, each 3 parts, dry
ginger, black pepper, long pepper, Baliospermum mohtanum,
and Cuminum cyminum each 8 parts. Reduce the whole to a
fine powder, triturate it in the juice of Clerodendron phlo-
moides, Eclipta prostrata, and add Castor oil to make a pill
mass. Dose is 5 to 10 grains, to be given in warm water.
Another pill named Lokanathd Rasa, containing Kaijdli,
Ahhraka, Loha and Tamra hhasma is useful in dropsy, jaundice
and liver diseases. Dose is 1 to 4 pills three times a day
with honey. In affections of the lungs, mercury is used in a
variety of combinations. Following are a few examples:—
Rasendra gutika prepared by adding 2 tolas of purified mer-
cury, 1 tola of the juice of Jayanti leaves and of fresh ginger,
 WITH AYURVEDIC, U N A N I & HOME REMEDIES 79

then soaking it in the juice of Jussieua repens and Solanum

indicum respectively for 24 hours, and then mixing with it
8 tolas of purified sulphur previously soaked in the juice of
bhringaraja and dried and rubbing together the whole with
16 tolas of goat's milk to form a pill-mass and dividing it into
pills of 4 grains each. This piU is given with goat's milk and
juice of ginger in bronchitis and cough generally—(Chakra-
datta). Rajamriganta Rasa contains the parts of Rasa sindura,
one part each of prepared gold and copper, and 2 parts each
of realgar, orpiment and sulphur, mixed and reduced to a
paste with goat's milk and roasted in shells and taken out
when cold. Dose is 4 grains with 2 grains each of long pepper,
black pepper, honey and ghee; it is used with much benefit
in phthisis arid chronic bronchitis with fever—(Bhaisajya-
ratnavali). Another compound powder called by the saine
name contains red sulphide ash 3 parts, gold ash or Su-uama
bhasma and Abraka hhasma, shell-lash or Cowri hhasma and
borax each 1 part, realgar, orpiment and sulphur each 2 parts,
mixed, powdered and roasted. Dose is 1 to 5 grains with
honey or with coiifection of black pepper, long pepper in
asthma etc. In diseases of the nervous system several combi-
nations of mercury with gold, iron, talc etc., are used such as
Chaturmukha Rasa, Chintamani Chaturynukha, Yogendra
Rasa etc., which are all similar in composition slightly vary-
ing in the proportions of the active ingredients and their ad-
juncts. Thus Chintamani Chaturmukha consists of two tolas
each of Rasasindura, one tola of prepared iron, half a tola of
prepared gold, all rubbed together with the juice of Aloe
indica and made into two-grain pills. This is used in nervous
diseases, insanity, cephalalgia, deafness, noise in the ears,
paralysis of the tongue, diseases of the female and urinary
organs, phthisis, fever etc., and improves nutrition, increases
appetite and strength and brightens the complexion. As a
tonic in all conditions of debility, a compound pill called
AgnithuTidi Vati the chief ingredients Of which are sulphide of
mercury, trikatu, chitfaka, the carbonates of sodium and potas-
sium nuxyomica, aconite etc., is given in dyspepisia, indiges-
tion, colic etc.— (Sharangadhara). Dose is 1 to 4 pills of one
grain each with milk or water after meals. To check asthma
80 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

and other forms of difficult breathing, mercury is used in the

form of Swasa Bhairava Rasa or Sivasa Kuthar Rasa which are
both similar in composition (see under Bisulphuret of Arse-
nic), For flatulence and constipation a purgative called
ichchahhedi Rasa containing Cinnabar^ borax, dry ginger and
long pepper 1 part each and the root of Baliospermum mon-
tanum and triphala 4 parts each^ mixed and powdered and
the whole boiled in milk till reduced to the consistence of an
extract. Dose is 3 to 5 grains. It is also given in dropsy
(ascites). As an alterative tonic Rasasindura as well as its
two other forms called Shadguna baliiarita Rasa sindura and
Svarna sindura, are much used in a variety of diseases; Shad-
guna halijarita rasasindura is simply Rasasindura obtained
by sublimation, again sublimed with equal quantity of sulphur
six times. It is superior to the ordinary Rasasindura. Svarna,
sindura is prepared out of one tola of fine leaf-gold, 8 tolas of
purified mercury and 12 tolas of sulphur, all mixed and
rubbed together till the mass becomes black and then sub-
limed in a glass bottle on the sand bath. These three forms
of Rasasindura cure all sorts of diseases, buf are particularly
used in chronic fsver, catarrh and cough of children, mental
and bodily debility, anaemia etc.— (Sanskshiptasara). As an
alterative in chronic diseases, Trivikrama Rasa is recommend-
ed. It contains prepared mercury, sulphur, Tamra hhasma in
equal weights, triturated in the leaf-juice of Nirgundi to a
paste and dried in a sandbath. Dose is 5 to 7 grains. It is
of special use as a lithontriptic and is given in cases of uric
acid diathesis, gravel etc. In the treatment of small pox
Rasasindura is used in the form of Kastur Bhtisan; it is com-
posed of Rasasindur, mica, borax burnt, seed of Danti, cam-
phor and musk. Cannabis and Trikatu rubbed with ginger
juice and made into pills. These are administered with
honey and paste of Rudraksha, when there is high fever, deli-
rium or drowsiness, severe pain in the sides etc. When there
is high fever with acute coryza and pain in head and body,
during the first stage (incubative stage) Svalpa Lakshmihilas
or Kapha Chintamani is recommended. Kapha Chintamani is
composed of purified mercury, indrajav, burnt borax, black
pepper, cannabis, Rasasindura, rubbed with juice of ginger
 WITH AYURVEDIGj .UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 81

and made into pillgj.to be given with honey and juice of th§
leaves of. Tillsi (Holy* Basil). Mercury is used in syphilis
toth externally and. internally; e.g., Karpura Rasa:—Make a
paste of vfheat flo.ul" .with water. Take some of it and press
with a finger in such a way that a depression, is produced in
the paste. Put a grain and a half of mercury in this depressioii
^ d roll the paste to make a pill. No mercury should escape
from the depression. Now coat this pill by clove-powder' arid
swallow the pill carefully with water, so that it does not come
in contact with the teeth.. Later ^ chew a betel leaf. Avoid
acids and salts, also fatigue, exposure fo' the sun, exertion
and coition. Sjap.tashali Vati recommended in. Bhavaprdkd&li
is made up of mercury and. pulverised catechu each i tola
(48 grains), pellitory root 1 tola (96 grains) and honey l i
tola (144 grains). . Gtind all these 'together with a pestle aild
mortar till the glo,b.ules. of mercury disappear and divide into
seven pills or boluses.. One pill is administered every morn-
ing with water inj primary syphilis. Acids and salt, are for-
bidden during 'the use of .this medicine. Chandrodaya, Rasa
made up ,of mercury (Kajjali), Ahhraka hhasnva, Vanga
hhasma, sildjit and cardamoms in equal parts, mixed together
and triturated in the juice of plantain tree tp form a pill mas^
is used in gonorrhoea, syphilis, leprosy,, jaundice, etc. Dose
is 2 to 4 grains. Calomel {Rasakapura. or Rasakarpura) is
prescribed by Bhatiaprakash in syphilis, and "he gives the
following recipe for preparing Calomel:—"Take of purified
mercury, red ochre, brick-dust, chalk, alum, rock salt, earth
from ant-hill, impure sulphate of sodia, and red earth used in
colouring pots, in equal parts, rub together and Strain through
fdoth. Place the -niixtut^'.iiri an earthen pot, cover it with
another pot, face fo. face, lute -the two together with layers
of clay and cloth. The pots so luted are then placed on fire,
and heat6d for four days, after which they ar6 opened, and
-the white camphor-like de|)osit in the upper-part is collected
for use". A preparation used by Hakims in cases of syphilis
is made of mercury,, mastiche and sugar 9 -mashaS, olibahum
15 -masJias, and Frankincense .7 mdslias, triturated and made
into pills. Dose i s 3 mashas continued fbi? a week. As a
tonic alterative usef\il in hemiplegia, paraplegia and paralysis.
82 THE. INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

a fpill called Ekangaveera. Rasa containing Kajjali, Vanga

bhasma, hoha bhasma, Naga bhasma (Calcined Zinc), Tamra
hhasrna, Abhraka bhasma and Nux vomica is recorninended.
Dose is 1 to 4 pills of 2 grains each twice a day. A com-
pound pill called Vataraktantaka Rasa containing mercury,
sulphur, iron, orpiment, realgar^ silajit, triphala and a num-
ber of other vegetable substances, is recommended in nervous
diseases such as hemiplegia, paraplegia, facial paralysis,
rheumatism etc. Dose is 1 to 4 pills of 2 grains each three
times a day. "It was given to a case oi hemiplfegia in ian old
man with considerable benefit".—(Ind; Drugs Report, Madras).
Pradararipoo Rasa containing cinnabar; Naga hhasrna (calcin-
ed tin or zinc), Rasanjana (extract of Berberis aristata) and
Symplocos racemosa is useful in leucorrhoea and chronic
diarrhoea. Dose is 1. to 4 pills three times a day with rice
water. "It rproved. to be efficacious in both the diseases".—
(Ind. Drugs Report, Madras). For external application in
syphilis (Mercury inunction)—48 grains of mercury is rubbed
over the body with the juice of leaves of MicheUa champaka
by hand as long as merCury does not entirely disaippear. The
fomentation is to be applied by means of warmed hand apply-
ing over the body, to faciUtate absorption. The inunction is
to be done for [Z days.. Avoid acids and salts; another method
is, that, about a drachm (48 grains) of mercury is recommend-
ed to be rubbed between the palms with the juice of the
leaves of Sida cbrdifolia till the globules of mercury are no
longer visible. The palms a r e then to be warmed over the
fire till perspiration breaks out from them.-=-(Bhavaprakasha).
For (Mercury fumigation) fumigation i n primary syphilis:
Mercury, sulphur and rice, each 192 grains, are pounded to-
gether and made into a paste. The syphilitic is subjected to
the fumigation for 7 days, by putting each part into fire each
day;—about half a drachm of the black sulphide mixed with
i part of wheat-flour is employed daily for seven days in suc-
cession. In secondary syphilitic eruptions, a powder com-
posed of two parts of cinnabar and one of realgar is used for
fumigation. About 15 grains of this is used at a time.
Powders for fumigation are heated over a fire of jujube tree
w^ppd and the vapour is applied to the skin under cover in a
 WITH AYURVKDIC, U N A N I ' & H O M E REMEDIES 83

closed room. In skin diseases like ringworm, eczema, prurigo,

psoriasis etc., several applications containing mercury are
used; e.g.;—Take of cinnabar, sulphur, red oxide of lead, rock
salt, seeds of Cassia tora, haberang, Cleome felina and the
root of Aplotaxis auriculata in equal parts, powder them and
reduce to a thin paste with the juice of datura, neem or betel
leaves—(Sharangadhara). For lice in the hair, mercury
rubbed with datura or betel-leaf is recommended to be ap-
plied to the scalp-^(Chakradatta). Oleate of mercury and
morphine is used as an external application in obstinate and
painful tonsillitis and inflammation of the lymphatic glands—
(Ringer). An ointment of cinnabar is applied to bring about
the resolution of buboes. An ointment made by boiling equal
parts of sweet oil and cinnabar till it becomes black and then
adding to it camphor arid stirring uniformly is a useful appli-
cation over boils. A powder of cinnabar, dusted into the eyes
is a useful collyrium to cure ophthalmia.

29. PLUMBUM
Sans.—Seesaka; Naga. Eng.—^Lead.. Arab.—^Ressas,
Pers.—^Anuk. Hind.- & Ben^—rSisa. Guj.—^Kalun sisun. Mah.
& Kon.—Shishay. Tarn.—lyam. Tel.—Sheeshav^u. Can.—
Sheesa. Mai.—Tismahitam. Burm.—Khaipok.
Source.—Lead never occurs free in Nature, but is gene-
rally met with as sulphide i.e. galena from which it is obtained
by roasting. It' rarely .occurs as oxide (minium) inost fre-
quently as carbonate (white lead ore). The red oxide of
lead of minium was manufactured by the Ancients vmder the
name of Sindura.
Purification.—(1) Lead is prepared and purified by roast-
ing galena (sulphide of lead) in a crucible, then dropping the
melted liquid through a hole into a vessel containing decoction
of triphala or in the milky juice of Calotropis gigantea, when
cool it is purified lead. (2) Leaves of lead are to be smeared
with a paste of orpiment and the milky juice of Calotropis
gigantea and roasted in a covered crucible till the metal is
entirely killed. (Sir P. G. Ray's H. of H. Ch., Vol. I, p. 114).
M THE INDIAN, MATERia:,:MEpiCA'

Characters.—Lead is readily fusible, very heavy, presents

a black and bright appearance on frapttire, is, of foetid odour
and black exterior. (Sir P. C. Ray's H. of H. Ch., Vol. I,
p. 112), It is bluish grey, soft, flexible metal, very malleable
and slightly tenacious, freely soluble in. nitric acid. If is not
sonorous when pure. When heated to a white heat it vola-
tilizes and the vapour when collected is known as oxide of
lead or flowers of lead; when heated to fusion and exposed to
air it forms a dross or pellicle or a yellow powder known as
protoxide of lead or Massicot {Hind.—Murdarsing); at a still
higher temperature over a brisk fire it f orrns crystalline scales
of a brick red colour known as Litharge.

Methods of Preparation.—(1) Seesa hhasma or Naga

hhasma (lead ash)"; it is prepared by reducing lead and calcin-
ing it with sulphide of Arsenic, then adding the juice of betel
'leaves and rubbing into a fine powder. Dose is j to 2 grains,
with milk. (2) "Take of lead 20 palas and apply strong heat
to it and drop into the molten metal one karsa of mercury and
throw into it one after another the ashes of Terminalia arjuna,
T. bellerica, pomegranate and Achyranthes aspera, weighing
one pala. each. The mass being vigorously stirred with an
.iron spoon for 20 nights in succession, the metal is calcined
yielding a bright red ash."- (3) Rub lead with the juice of
Adhatoda vasica and melt it in an earthen pot, add to it one-
fourth of its weight the ashes of Adhatoda and Achyranthes
aspera and stir the mass with a, rod of Adhatoda vasica and
heat over a fire. Repeat the process seven times. The lead
will be turned to vermilion-like power".—(Sir P. C. Ray's H.
of H. Ch., Vol. I, p . 113).

Action.—Seesa bhasma is astringent; it is also a diuretic

•aiid vermifuge (anthelmintic). Externally it is used as seda-
tive and astringent.
Uses.—It is useful in urinary diseases and in expelling
worms; in chronic diarrhoea and other chronic discharges as
leucorrhoea, gonorrhoea, menorrhagia, excessive suppuraition,
^ulceration of the stomach, internal haemorrhages as haemop-
tysis, haematemesis etc., also used in cough, with profuse ex-
 WITH AYURVEDIC; DNANI & HOME REMEDIES 85

pectoratiori) in night sweats; also employed with benefit in

aneurism of the aorta, hypertrophy of the heart and in epilepsy.
In caseous pneumonia it is given with digitalis and opium.
Externally it is used in the form of ointmsnt for excoriations,
contusions, sprains, skin diseases accompanied with irritation
etc.; as a suppository it is used in haemorrhage from the rec-
tum as well as to soothe the irritation of .piles. Prof. Blair,
the Director of Cancer- Research at the Liverpool Infirmary,
has told the Toronto Academy of Medicine, of a number of
cases of cancer which have been cured in Liverpool by the
injections of lead. Dr. Adami,, the Vice-Chancellor, of the
Liverpool University, said that Prof. Blair's declarations had
been forced as the result of astounding cures of a number of
cases that had hitherto been regarded as incurable. So many
of these cases had been cured that the matter could not b§
kept private any longer. He added that owing to the nature
of the treatment it had been proved that it, is possible to. treat
only those cases that had been given up as hopeless. He added
there had been cases of recrudescence owing to doses being
too small but he .declared that the'suficess achieved indicated
great strides—(Practical Medicine, Feb. 1926).

30. PLUMBI C A R B O N A S

(Eng.—White lead; Basic Lead Carbonate; Flake white

lead; Basic Carbonate of P b . (Plumbum); Hair powder.
Arab.—Isfedaj. Pers.—Sufeadba. Hind. Duk. & Ben.—
Sufeda. Guj. & Ma?i.—Sapeta. Tarn.—Velliyya. Tel—Shish.
Mai.—Timaputih) is found in Nature both as crystallized and
in a massive state. I t is a soft heavy white powder, artificially
prepared by suspending sheets of lead over' the vapours of
heated vinegar, when the air becomes charged with carbonic
acid gas and the vapour of vinegar corrodes the plates. ' The
corroded rust when collected is known as Sufeda. It is nsed
locally as sedative and astringent, to protect irritated surfaces
as in erysipelas, erythema, intertrigo etc. It should never he
used when the shiri is hrohsn or abraded. Combined with
butter it is used as ointrrtent to eruptions on the scalp, to super-
 86 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

ficial burns, over the unbroken skin in swollen and inflamed

parts and excoriations and in small pox.

31. PLUMBIOXIDUM
(Eng.—Lead oxide; Flowers of lead. Massicot; Litharge;
Monoxide of Lead. Arab. Pers. Hind. Ben. Duk. & Mah.—
Murdosing. Guj.—Bodarakakaro. Tam. & Tel.—Muda-
rasingu. Can.—Mudadashringi. Mai.—Mudarsinka) is
met with in pieces or powder. It is of a light yellow colour
mixed with red and has a metallic lustre. It resembles mica
very much in appearance. The powder is here and there im-
pregnated with brick colored clay. In smell and taste it re-
sembles Gopichandana. It is a powerful local astringent,
cooling and an insecticide. It is never uSed internally, but
externally as ointment etc., for baldness, itching and skin
diseases. Its paste is a useful application for unhealthy ulcers.
Dissolved in vinegar or in rosewater it is used in prickly heat,
•foi: edematous eruptions aiid in removing freckles and acne.
Its ointment is used for closing wounds. An ointment com-
posed of Oxide of lead 3, Rasakapur 1, (Tamarix orientalis) 2,
Simple oil 5 and wax 5 parts is a useful application to syphilitic
chancres. Its plaster called lead plaster or Litharge plaster, is
used to prevent bed sores, as a protective to wounds and
ulcers, and as an application to keep the dislodged uarts in
situ and also to relieve pain from the inflamed parts.

32. PLUMBI OXIDUM RUBRUM

(Sans.—^Raktanag; Sindura; Naga Sambhava. Eng:—^Red
lead; Minium; Red Oxide of Lead;. Lead oxide. Arab.—Isrenj.
J'ers.^Suraj-sang. Hind.—Ingur. Ben. Guj: Duk. Mah. and
Kon.—Sindur. Can.—Shindhura. Tam.—Sagappusinduram.
Tel.—Yerrasenduramu. Mai.—Chinturarti; Galanggam. Burm.
—H'sang) is obtained by heating oxide of lead to a very high
temperature. It is bright orange-red or red, granular, crystal-
line powder. On applying more heat it becomes redder than
purple and finally black. It is a local stimulant, used as oint-
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 87

•ment or liniment in eruptive skin diseases as eczeina; pustular

eruptions etc.; to promote s a t u r a t i o n of boils and abscesses,
and the healing processes in all kinds of ulcers and wounds.
As ointment made" of Sj-ndura and powdered black pepper with
butter is, applied in, chronic eczeina. An oil called Sindura>-
dyataila (Chakradatta) mad_e up of mustard oil one seer, water
four seers, sindura 4 tolas and cumin seed 8 tolas, boiled to-
gether in the usual way, is used in eczema and other eruptive
skin diseases. The powder is used sometimes as a fumigation
in syphilis. Raimr^ank Jiasa which is used in phthisis and
chronic bronchitis, contains sindura together •with some other
minerals as gold; arsenic, copper and sulphur. •^

33. PLUMBI SULPHURATUM (PbS)

(Sans.—Anjana; Sauviranjana;, Krishna surma. Eng.—

Galena; Sulphide of Lead. Pers.—Anjana. Arab, Hind, Ben.
and other Indian Languages.—Surma) is obtained from the
mountains of Sauvira, a country along the Indus, whence it
derives its name. The Sulphide, of Lead is of glimmering
lustre, and is an ore of lead, occurs in. cubic masses destitute
of rays and is tabular in its crystalline arrangement. Sroton-
]ana or suffed surma (white surma) is produced in the bed
of Jamuna and other rivers. It, like the black surma or
sauvir anjana is used as a cqllyrium for the eyes, but is conr
sidered inferior to the black surraa or galena. Sauviranjana
or galena is used as a cosmetic for the eyes and is supposed to
strengthen these organs, improve their appearance and pre-
serve them from disease. It enters into the composition of
some coUyria for eye diseases: Gfalena heated over a fire and
cooled in a decoction of the three myrobalans for seven times
in succession is rubbed with human milk and used in various
eye diseases—(Sharangadhara). Another preparation recom-
mended by the same is made up of purified and melted lead
and mercury 1 part each,, galena two parts; rubbed well and
reduced to powder, to 'which is a:dded and mixed intimately
camphor 1/lOth in weight of th6 mass. This preparati6n is
useful in eye diseases. Sticks made of surma.', ca'mpihor, tri'^hala
88 " THE INDIAN MATERlX MEDICA

•mixed, together in juice of Eclipta prostrata, Eugenia jambo-

Jiana and Citrus limonuiii arid 'dried and made into sticks ot
.probes are -used as an lapplicatibn inside the lids in ophthalmia;
iPessaries of suitable sizes are made of equal p a r t s of sulphide
of lead, rose petals, olibatium, alum, laorax, galls and gum
arabie, for' use as astringent pessary.

34. POTASSII CARBQNAS IMPURA; POTASSIUM

CARBONATE
(Saris.—Yavakshara; Darulawana. Eng.—Impure or^ fac-
titious carbonate of Potash; Impure potash carbonate; Potash
carbonate impure; Salt of Tartar; Pearl Ash; Potash. Arab.
& Hind.—Javakhar; Khar. Duk.—Jhas-ka-namak. Guj.—
Kharo. MaTi.-^hadichaniitha. Kon.—Papad-Khar. Tarn.—
Mara-uppu; Sambal-uppu; Yayacharam. Tel.—Mannu-uppu.
Mai.—Karaiii; Pappatak-mora-uppu. Can.—Marada-uppu) is
found in all the three kingdoms of Nature. In the vegetable
kingdom it is'found either as carbonate of potash, or as potash
in combination ^yith other organic acids. Plants absorb it
from the soil and when incinerated their ashes give Yavak^
shara. Succulent plants contain a larger proportion of it than
the woody parts. "Impure potassium carbonate has been
known from very ancient times. Its principal source in India
is wood ashes because potash is ah indispensable element for
the growth of most plants. But where it is associated with
much silica and phosphoric acid the ashes contain not little
carbona:te, and are not available for the manufacture of potash.
This, for' instance, holds good for straw-ash. The value of an
^sh for the manufacture of potasb is chiefly dependent upon
the quantity of potassic carbonate, it will yield upon the
abundance of the wood or other vegetable product and the
cost of labour. The undermentioned woods yield on the
average, for 1000 parts, the foHowiiig quantities of potash:—

Pine 0.45; Beech 1.45; Oak 1.53; Willow 2..85;: Wheat

straw 3.90; Barley straw 5.80; Vine^wood 5.50; Stems of
- • maize (Indian com) 6.50; sunflower stems' 20.00; dried
wheat plant, previous to blooming. 47.00.
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 89

The preparation of potash from vegetable matter is affected

in three operations, viz: (1) The lixiviation of the ash; (2) The
boiling down of the crude liquor; (3) the calcination of the
crude potash.— ("Industry", Calcutta, April 1942, p. 12). In
the mineral kingdom it is obtained from rocks where it exists
as' sulphate's, nitrates, carbonates and silicates. It is alsb
found in the felspar of granite. It is obtained by fusing rock-
salt. It is an ingredient of various mineral waters. Of the
animal kingdom it is an essential constituent. It is found iii
the rriilk, flesh and; urine of persons who take citrate or tart-
rate of potassium. It is prepared by reducing to ashes'^the
green spikes of tne barley, dissolving the ashes' in water,
straining the solution through thick cloth and evaporating it
over the fire. The resulting salt is a clear amorphous powder
with a saline and partly acid taste. Cheihically it is carbonate
of potash with some impurities. It is stomachic, laxative,'
diuretic, antacid, resolvent and alterative.

Action & Uses in Ayurveda & Siddha.—Katu, lavana

rasam, ushna, veeryam; katu yipakam, tikshnam, ruksham,
lagu, kapham,. ascites due to vatha, stones, mootra krichram,
stomachic, heart-tonic, rakta, pittam, .pleeham.

Action & Uses in Unani.—Hot 3°, P r y 3*, carminative,

removes obstruction in passages, in colic, digestive, cough.—
(I'herapeutic Notes).
- Uses.—Itr is used in urinary diseases, uric acid diathesis,
leading to gout and rheumatism, uterine irritability, piles
sKula (colic), cardialgia, acid eructation, dyspepsia, enlarge-
ment of lymphatic and secreting glands as the breasts, testicles,
mesenteric and scrofulous glands, also of the liver, spleen and
salivary glands. A decoction of chebulic inyrobalans and
rohitaka bark f Amoor rohitaka) is given with the addition of
Carbonate of potash and long pepper in enlarged spleen and
liver and in tumours in the abdomen called gulma—(Sharanga-
dhara).—^In strangury or painful micturition, carbonate of
potash with sugar is considered a very efficacious remedy.
Carbonate of Eotash is given to persons who are gluttonous in
eating and drinking. It is useful' in dropsy." I t enters into
90 THE, INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA.

the composition of numerous saline medicines. The follow-

ing are a few useful sirnple reltiedies:—(1) Yavakshara 10
grains, leaf-juice of Adhatoda. vasaka. 10 drops and clove
powder 5 grains, mixed together and given with betel-leaves
is useful in bronchitis. (2) A compound powder containing
'^avakshara^ Saindhava, dry ginger, each 5 parts, chebulic
myrobalan 10 parts, all mixed and powdered is useful in doses
of 10 grains, with buttermilk, ov. whey, or congee or hot tea, in
cases of piles, dysentery, colic etc. A modaka. or confection
containing powders of Yavakshara i tola, trivrit and trdphala
Xk tolas each, Baberang seeds and round pepper i tola each,
mixed well with sugar and ghee or treacle, is administered in
required doses as an all-round purgative. It, is "very effec-
tive in allaying abdominal cysts, pelvic cellulitis, disinclina-
tion to food, intestinal worrns and many other diseasies arising
out of the deranged condition of Kapham and Vayu" (Kamala
Kanta Shariha, Jour, of Ayur. J u n e 1925). (3) Karabudin
Kadri recommends for emphysema, a compound pill, contain-
ing equal parts of Yavakshara, long pepper and dried juice of
Calotropis gigantea; made into pills about the size of a pea.
Dose is one pill four times a day. Locally the solution of
carbonate of potash is useful in chronic skin diseases such as
lepra, pityriasis, acne, urticaria, and lichen, relieving .itching
etc. Its solution is added to bath to relieve gout and rheuma-
tism and to promote the growth of eruptions, if suppressed,; as
in measles, small-pox, scarlatina etc. Pundit J. L. Duveji pre-
scribes an external appUcation containing potassium carbonate
as a "remedy for plague". I t is thus prepared and applied^—
"Mix well Potassium Carbonate in sesame 'oil and boil till a
thick consistency is arrived at. Apply this coating on the af-
fected glands which should be well covered with betel leaves.
Heat a bunch of cotton over the fire and apply this over the
covered glands repeatedly so as to produce warmth"; '

35. POTASSII NITRAS; or P. NITRICUM oi; POTASSIUM

NITRATE; POTASSIUM NITRAS
(SaTj,.v-T-.yavakshara; Saitidh^vi. Hind. Ben. -Punj. &
Dwfc.—Shora; Sora; Shotakhar. Eng.—Saltpetre; Ni"tre;' Nit-
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 91

rate of Potash; Purified Nitre. Arab.-^Abkar; Ubkir. Pers.—

Shoraba;. Shore. Hind. & Guj.^-Shora. Mdh.—^Shora-mitha.
Guj.—Shorakhar. Tel.—^Patlu-uppoo; Chitloo-Bhusmoo;
Tarn.—Pottil-uppu.. MaZ.^^Veti-uppu. Can.—Patluppu; Seii-
dur lavana. Kon.—Sindurlavana. Sinh.—^Potlunu. Malay:"—^
Sundawa. Burm.-^Yandzeing; Yan-zin) occurs extensively in
Bengal, Punjab and Upper India, naturally as an efflorescence
on the soil; but this nitre obtained in the bazaars is generally
impure. For medicinal use, the earth containing the Crude
salt is dissolved in water, strained and recrystallised by boil-
ing and evaporation. It is also obtained from collections of
the saline earth after the rains, from the land inundated dur-
ing the rains and from mud heaps, mud buildings, and other
places on which it is formed and then subjected to a' process
of .solution and filtration through a crude mud filter. The im^
p u r e nitre is known as. Dhoah and contains about 45 to 75 per
cent of the actual salt,- the remainder being sulphate and
chloride of sodium and insoluble matter. It is again dissolved
and crystallized before it is sent, undeir the Mame of Shora
Kalmi (refined) to the bazaars, for sale while it is further re-
crystallized in Calcutta and ielsewhere before being sold for
.use. Potassium nitrate in solution is a refrigerant, efficient
diuretic and disphoretic- It acts on the vascular system and
thus reduces the frequency of the pulse. Given in the solid
form or in concentrated solution it acts as irritant. In weak
solutions, 1 to 2 drachms in a quart of thiii warm rice conjee
it is an excellent refrigerant drink in fevers with hot and dry
•skin, parched tongue, with great thirst and scanty and high-
icoloured urine. It may also be- sweetened with honey or sugar-
candy; or tamarind or lime juice may be added to irhprove the
flavour if desired. It is useful also in the early stages of dropsy,
in cases of smallpox, measles,- influenza, catarrh, gonorrhoea,'
acute rheumatism, bleeding from the lungs, stomach, uterus
or other internal organs attended by fever. In colic, a pow-
der containing nitre, black pepper and sanchdla salt in. equal
parts is recommended 'to he given in doses of 10 gi-ains in lime-
juice, and in bronchitis in children above 5 years,. a powder
composed of nitre 5, sulphate of iron, ammonium' chloride and
sulphur. 4 parts each is recommended to be given. Dose is 1
92 ;.. :. THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDIC A

grain—(Khory). A compound preparation linown as Lwghu

Sankha Dfa.vdkam, which smells strongly of nitrous fumes
3nd, which is ttiade of country nitre 6 palams, alum 4 palams,
Yavakshara, Ammonium chloride, borax and vit salt 2 palams
each and gandhaka vadiiippu (a nitre variety), soda carbonas,
ferrous sulphate, copper sulphate and black salt {Suvarchala-
uppu) 1 palam each, all powdered and distilled, is recommend-
ed for the relief of all liver complaints, by Vaidyas. This was
tested by Dr. Koman and he said:—>"In one of my cases (cirr-
hosis of the liver with ascites) which is. vmder treatment from
14th August 1918, it is doing some good, as the patient had
to be tapped only once five weeks, ago, and very little fluid has
accumulated since then"—(Ind. Drugs Report, Madras, Dec.
1918). In gonorrhpea a, mixture of nitre 10. grains in a wine-
glassful of decoction of Abelmoschus, esculantus twice or thrice
a day is a nice remedy. Zad-Garib recommends a powder
made of equal parts of saltpetre, cardamoms, cubebs, soap-
Stone, olibanum and Cucuma longa. P o s e is 3^ mashas or 35
grains three times, a day. A mixture of nitre 2 parts, and leaf-
-juice of the Jladish. 1 part is. given in doses df 80 gi-ains to
relieve scalding arid retention of urine, also suppression or
scantiness of urine. A confection made of nitre 5, cinnamon
4, chebulic myrobalan and Iris pseudocorus, each 3, cardamoms
5 and sugar 20 parts is used in chronic gonorrhoea and gleet.
Dose- is 1 drachm_. In obstinate- cases of leucorrhoea a comr
bination .of nitre Ifr grams and alurrt 5 grainis iS recommended
to be taken thrice daily. It may be .advantageously given with
infusion of Moringa root. In the early stages of inflammatory
spre-thrpat, a small piece, of nitre allowed to dissolve slowly
in; the mouth if a successful, popular i'emedy. In asthma, in
chronic bronchitis and other spasmodic, coughs, inhalation of
the fumes of burning nitre papers, previously soaked in satu-
j'^ted .solution of the nitrate and dried .(sometimes combined
with Datura .and other drugs} gives great relief. For this pur-
pose, pieces of mWerately thick blotting paper are used.
.Whenever "an attatk threatens, one or, if necessary, two pieces
of "this paper, are' burnt in- the patient's bed.-.roPm so that the
fumes may be freely inhaled^ preferably at bed time, care
being taken to prevent the, escape of:the iuroes; but' it sKofild
 WITH AYHRVEDIC, UNANI &' HOME REMEDIES 93

not be held too near the iace or the 'fumes may prove too irrita-
ting, and increase rather than diminish the symptoms. Solution
of Nitre is a good topical application for bruises and abrasions
and for the cure of freckles. Locally nitre is employed for the
relief of headache and delirium in, fevers in the form of a
cold and agreeable lotion for the head, made by dissolving
two ounces each of nitre and sal ammoniac in a big bottle full
jof water; this is applied by constant relays of freshly-wetted
clothes .J -Jn acute rheumatism, a strong solution of nitre (three
ounces to a pint of water) forms a more soothing application
tO'thp swollen and painful, joints; cloths saturated with it should
be kept constantly applied; the case which, it affords, is' often
very great. Also internally it may be given in doses of 40
grains gradually increased to 60, 90, up to 120 grains twice
daily, the vehicle being half a pint of warm rice cowjce. The
quantity of nitre may be diminished as the severity of the
symptoms subsides.

36. SILICUM (Eng.—Smcon)

Source.—Very common non-metallic element obtainable
in 3 different fbrms, the amorphous, the graphitoid and the
ci-ystallirie—from Silica or' plire flint: found in Nature as
Silicon dioxide in rocks, crysta;ls, sand, flint, quartz, agate
and various ofher stones, and in earths and clay; also as Sili-
cates in baysalt, felspar, granite, mica, porphyry i.e., minerals
and metallic oxides, etc.;
Slanufacture.—Heat together fluoride of potassium and
silicon with .its equal weight of metallic potassium. Throw
the fused mass into cold water, when silicon will, be .left be-
hind.
Characters.^—Crystal or amorphous, dry dark-brown
powder, non-fusible, insoluble and non-volatile. Heated in
the air it- becomes converted into silica,
Uses:^—Used bothexfernally or intiernally, in the form of
•ah alkaline silicate chiefly-^sotne formis in dentifrices, and
others in pharmacy.
 94 . THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

37. SILICATE OF ALUMINA

(Falspar or Clay)—See Aluminii Silicas.

38. SILICATE OF ALUMINA, LIME & OXIDE OF IRON

(Ben. & Hind.—TGH. Ind. Bazaar.—Gil-i-abrorshi; Gil-e-
far; Hasan dhup) is a variety of d a y , existing in amorphous
irregular masses of a yellow colour of somewhat astringent
taste and of smell resembling that of Multani mati. It it found
in the deposit from mineral, springs containing sulphur. Its
action and uses are similar to those of Multani mati.

39. SILICATE OF ALUMINA, MAGNESIA

& OXIDE OF IRON

{Eng.—Armenian Bole; Native Ferric-oxide. Pers,—

Gile-armani. Arah.—^Tene armani; Hajrarmani. Punj.—
Harmazi. Hind.—^Gherumitti. Mah.'—^Phula-geru. Tam.—
Sime-kayikallu, Tel.—Sima-kavirai) is a calcareous mineral
often made into small cakes and stamped with certain im-
pressions. It is usually prepared by mixing pipe-clay or com-
mon chalk with oxide of iron or red ochre. It occurs in
powder or irregular pieces of a reddish brown or variegated
colours. It is soft and somewhat heavy. On section it is
granular and sprinkled with white particles, and the cut por-
tion resembles a piece of rhubarb. When exposed to the air,
it absorbs moisture very rapidly. If thrown into water it
readily crumbles into atoms. When, put into the .mouth it
sticks firmly to the tongue. It is refrigerant, astringent, ab-
sorbent and antiseptic. It is used as a powder or paste. Dpse
is 5 to 30 grains. Internally the powder with cream is given
in advance cases of dysentery. A paste made of it 2 parts,
alum 4 and rose water 10 parts is given internally for scalding
in the urine. Externally a paste of it is applied, to inflamed
and swollen glands, also to ulcers and raw surfaces. A paste
of it and Vemonia anthelmintica equal parts with a sufficient
quantity of Suhja-no-rasa (Cannabis sativa) makes a useful
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 95

application to glandular swellings. Gopichandan and Multani

mati CEng,—Fuller's Earth. Pers.—Gil. Tarn. & TeL—Gope)
are both varieties of Armenian Bole.

40. SILICATE OF ALUMINA & OXIDE OF IRON

(Eng.—Bole Rubra; Red Earth; Ruddle or Red Ochre.
Pers.—Gile-surkh. Arab.—Magrahai. Sans.—Gairika; Rakan-
pashana. Hind.—Gerumati. Mah.—Geru. Tarn. Tel. & Guj.
—Soiia-geru; Hiringi powdee) is a clay .found in lead and
iron ore and contains an excess of oxide of iron over any other
clay. There are two varieties:—^bole (yellow) and red ochre.
The red ochre contains more iron than the bole and is used in
medicine. It sometimes occurs in powder and sometimes as
hard pieces. " 'Gairika': hematite^ which is red and often hard,
and liinonite which is yellow or brown, both occur in the
form of ochres."—Sir P. C, Ray. It rapidly absorbs water if
poured upon it. It is purified by being soaked in milk seven
times and is sweetish, astringent, cooling, useful jas a local
application to burns, ulcers, boils, pustular eruptions and
aphthous sores about the mouth. It is rarely used internally
except as an ingredient of some compound preparations con-
taining a large number of mineral drugs, for instance Jvara-
kunjara Paridra Rasa which contains nearly all the mineral
substances. Besides gairika several, other varieties of earth
are occasionally used in medicine; e.g.—a sweet scented earth
brought frorn Surat and called, Sauxastra Mrittika is astrin-
gent and useful in haemorrhages. I t enters into the. composi-
tion of several medicines for relieving bleeding from internal
organs.

41, SILICATE OF LIME

(Eng^—Fossil encrinite. Pers.—Sang-e-yahuda. Hind. &
Bqmi—Hijrata Hau) is a fossil stone occurring as a petrified,
oblong; obtusely pointed fruit sometimes with a stalk. It is
about 4 to 14 inches long. The surface is ribbed longitudinal-
ly; each rib is tuberculated. ExteThUy the colour is dirty-
96, r THE INDIAN MATERm MEDIGA

grey traversed with dark br.own furrows, and. greenish white

within, A rpaste of it is prepared by poui-ing boiling water on
the stone and allowing the .'ipass to.- CDQL A bhasma is pre-
pared by braying the stone in. lime-juice and incinerating. It
is cooling and demulcent and given in gonorrhoea with benefit.
As a drink it is useful tp^check vomiting. A paste made of
the bhasma brayed^ in liroe juice is a useful application to
vesicular eruptions ih children, to ifch, ringworm etc. Sang-e-
Sira MaTii is also a Silicate of lirne, a variety of lime stone,,
resembling in colour, form and appearance, human incisor
teeth. Externally it is shining, glabrous and of a brownish
white colour, biconvex and bl^oad at one end and obtuse, at the
other. The aiction and uSes are similar to those .of* Sang-e-'
Isama "which is the Silicate and Sulphate of lime. It is a kind
of marble, of various sizes, of a dark brown color, polished
smooth arid mottled with .light-red spots; when cut into, the
friterior 'is of a deep grey cplbiir and looks as if sprinkled with
particles of rnica. Brayed in water it is used as a diuretic
and lit'hbhfriptic; it is given in retention of urine and in
diseases of the urinairy organs., !Ebcternally it is applied as a
Cure for itch and other chronic, skin diseases.

42, SILICAl^E OF MAGNESIA

(Eng^—Hydrated ^MagrieSium Silicate; Soap stone; Talc.

Pers. & Hind.'—Singe jerahata. Mdli,—Shankha jiri. Guj.—
Sankha jirun. Can.—Veesaj. Tarn.—Bulpam) occurs in
brownish-white or grey' flat irregular pieces or thick masses,
smooth and unctuous 'to the touch, appearing like a soap. It
is insoluble in water, tasteless, easily puverizable, yielding a
soft slippery powder. On section the cut surface is silvery,
shining and granular. It is a powerful astringent, desiccant
and styptic. Dose is 5 to 20 grains. With milk, cream or
brown sugar, it is used internally in dysentery, diarrhoea,
menorrhagia and leucorrhoea. A compound powder made up
of the soap-stone and Vansalavdna (SiliciouS concretions of
bamboo) 5 parts each, cubebs. a n d cardairioms 4 parts each, is
iised in gonorrhoea, j^^a[sa"tery, menorrhagia etc., in doses of
 WITH AYURVEDIC, U N A N I & HOME REMEDIES 9T

10 to 15 grains. Locally it is applied lib syphilitic sores and

ulcers; also checks bleeding from the nose and wounds. A
compound ointment made' of Sankhajirun 5, asafoetida and
t)xide of lead, each 2 parts, Kamala 3, neem leaves 4, wax
and simple oil each lO parts, is useful for foul ulcers, chancres
etc. A paste of it is applied with whey to Isurris arid scalds'
with benefit. A paste made of it with catechu (5 to 1 part
respectively) with the addition of sufficient ghee is a useful
application in syphilitic ulcers- and sores.

43. SILICATE OF MAGNESIA & IRON

, . (Sans.—Goroqhana. Eng.—Bezoar, stone; Mineral stone;

iSerpent stone. Pers.—Padzahre-kani. Arab.—Faduj madani
or Badzahra; Hazr-ul-bahr. Hind.—^Pedaru bazara. Duk.—
Karii-pas-zehar. Bom.—Pouzera Madani. G u j . ^ Z e r a Mohra,
Sink.—-"Visagul. . Tarn.—Visha-kallu; Pamu kallu. Tel.—
Geruda-petsaprai) is a variety of soap stone occurring in very
irregular and angular pieces of light yellow colour of various
shapes and sizes, it -resembles pieces of marble or tamarind
stone- The surface is generally rough. The taste is astrin-
gent. The smell resembles that of pipe clay. It is a nervine;
tonic, deobstruent and astringent. Dose is 1 to 2 grains. It
is. used in cholera, obstinate vomiting, diarrhoea in children
and in profuse or troublesome and painful menstruation. A
paste of it is used as a, gargle in, salivation. With Terminalia
che.bula its paste is applied to the mouth of children in stoma-
titis.
Silico-Fluoride of Sodium.—See Sodii Silicofluoridum;
under Sodium.

44. SALINE SUBSTANCES

Saline substances include Salts and Saline earths. There
are two vaHeties of salts used in Medicine:—(a) Those which
exist in Nature and are known as natural salts arid (b) those
which are artificially prepared. The natural salts are:—
7
98 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

(1) Saindhava; (2) Samudra lavana; (3) Sambhar. Susruta

describes the following varieties of salts viz., (1) Saindhava;
(2) Samudra; (3) Vit or Vid lavana, (4) Sauvarchala;
(5) Romaka; (6) Audb/iid; (7) Gutika; (8) Pansuja also
called Ushasuta. The first five pass by the name of PancTi:a
lavana or the five salts and are often used in combination.
Pancha lavana is a carminative, laxative, stomachic, tonic,
given in colic, indigestion and enlargement of the liver and
spleen. It is made up of Saindhava 1, Samudra 2, Sanibara
3, Sanchal 4, and Vid lavana 5 parts. The other varieties of
salts are rarely used in Tnedicine. Audbhid lavana is a name
applied to Shora or salt-petre.

Saindhava literally means produced in Sindh, or the coun-

' try along the Indus. The term is applied to rock salt which
is regarded as the best of salts. Three varieties of rock Salt
are recognized, viz., white, red and crystalline. The ptire
white crystalline salt is preferred for medicinal use. For ali-
mentary purposes also, rock salt is considered superior to the
other varieties.

, Samudra literally means produced from the sea, i.e.,

derived from the evaporation of sea-water. The term is ap-
plied to sun-dried sea-salt, which is called karkach. Orthodox
people consider common salt as impure owing to its having
undergone the process of boiling, and who take only rock salt,
substitute karkach for rock salt, if the latter is not available.
Sun-dried sea-salt is described as somewhat bitter and laxa-
tive. In other respects its properties resemble those of rock
salt. Uses:—In the place of gauze, ordinary 'pichu' or clean
cotton or a piece of cloth boiled in Samudra Lavana 1 tola
and hot water 1 measure or padi (120 tolas) may be used for
ulcers, wounds or abscesses after their operation. These
pieces of cloth may be preserved in wide-mouthed glass bottles
closed so as not to be contaminated with dust.

Source.—Vit lavana, Vida or Vidam is an artificially pre-

pared salt in dark-red shining granules, in Upper India chiefly
at Bhewani in Hissar Dist. (Sans.—Krishna lavana; Sanchal.
Eng.—Black salt; Sanchal Salt. Hind.—Padelon; Kalanimak.
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 99

Ben.—Kale-nun. Mah.—^Kalamith). It has a mild, saline

and somewhat nauseous taste. "The salt has a reddish-brown
colour and consists mainly of Sodium Chloride with traces of
sodium sulphate, alumina, magnesia, ferric oxide, and sul-
phide of iron. . 'Most of the samples examined were found to
evolve minute quantities of sulphuretted hydrogen when
treated with an acid; even when placed in the mouth the taste
of this gas was distinctly felt. It is very probable that when
the saline mass is fused with the organic matter (T, Chebula),
a portion of the sodium sulphate is reduced to sulphide, which
by double decomposition converts the traces of iron salt pre-
sent into the sulphide'. The sulphide was detected both in
the insoluble residue as (FeS) as well as in the aqueous ex-
tract".—(Sir P. C. Ray's H. of H. Ch., Vol. I, p. 245). It is
manufactured thus:—

1st Method:—56 lbs. of sambar salt are mixed with 20

ounces of dried emblic myrobalans; i of these materials is p u t
into a round earthen pot with a narrow mouth, which is put
in a fire-place made of clay. The fire-place has a hole at the
bottom for introducing the fire-wood. After the fire has been
lighted about an hour, and the materials in the pot appear to
be heated, the rest of the materials are added b y ' degrees.
The whole is then exposed to a strong red heat for about 6
hours. The fire is then allowed to die away, and the pot to
cool; which upon being broken is found to contain about 48
lbs. of Vitlavan.

2nd Method:—"Heat together in a large earthen pot

82 lbs. of common salt, 1 lb. of the fruit of Terminalia chebula,
and 1 lb. of Phyllanthus emblica, and 1 lb. of impure carbonate
of soda, until by fusion of the salt the ingredients are well
mixed, when the pot is removed from the fire and its contents
allowed to cool and form a hard cellular mass".—(Sir P . C.
Ray).
Vitlavana, besides possessing the properties of salts in
general, is carminative, aperient, tonic and stomachic, and
useful in enlarged spleen and liver, flatulence, colic, dyspepsia,
indigestion, bowel complaints etc.
100 TkE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Sauvarchala (Hind.—Sonchal; Kalanimak. 'Bom. & Mah.

—^Soratimati. Can.—Turarimannu. BeTi.-^Saurastra-mrjit-
tika) is aromatic, agreeable and digestive and useful in the
same sort of cases as Vitlavana., It is "a dark coloured salt
rnade by dissolving common salt in a solution of 'sajimati'
(crude soda) and evaporating it; this salt contains chloride of
sodium, sulphate of soda, caustic soda but no carbonate of
soda". It is "stomachic, digestive, purgative, demulcent, bili-
ous and beneficial in Sula, abdominal tumours, intestinal
worms and dysentery".—(N. N. Sen Gupta).
Romaka, also called Sakajuhari, Sambharnuna or Goda-
lavana, is the salt produced from the Sambar Lake near Aj-
mer. It is called Vadagru mithu in Bombay, Savara mith in
Hindi, Samhar luna or mitha in Marathi. It is obtained by
the evaporation of salt water from the river in the shape of
clear rhomboidal crystals like alum. It has a pungent taste
and is laxative and diuretic, in addition to possessing the
other properties of salts. It is said to be the best and purest
of evaporated salts.
Audbhid (Vern.—Reha; Kalar) which enters in the com-
position of 'panch-lavana', is produced of itself from the earth,
as efflorescences on reh lands. "The efflorescences thus pro-
duced consist of three groups; 1st: the neutral, which contain
no carbonate of soda (these consist chiefly of sodium chloride
and sulphate, and frequently magnesium sulphate); 2nd: the
alkaline chlorides and sulphates, but no lime or magnesian
salt; 3rd: the nitrous efflorescences". (Dr. Center's Note on
Reh- quoted in Watt's Dictionary of the "Economic Products
of India", Vol. VI Part I, pp. 410-417.) "This is a ready ex-
planation of the conversion of mercury and other metals into
their chlorides when they are heated in combination with
audvida and other salts. The magnesium sulphate would
readily yield sulphuric acid, which with sodium chloride and
nitre, might be expected to produce aqua regia" (for further
information, see under "Rasakarpura" or the chlorides of
inercury). It contains principally of sulphate of soda (sodium
sulphate) with a little chloride of sodium, (sodium chloride).
In addition, there are sometimes carbonate of soda, and some
 ^.w 5^^
WITH A Y a W E D i e f A M A N I & HOME REMEDIES 101

magnesium sulphate. It is alkaline, bitter, pungent and

nauseating. It is, said to be so abundant in some parts of the
Punjab as to render the soil quite barren. Some physicians
or rather writers suhstitiite this article for samhar salt in the
composition of pancha lavana or the five salts.

Gutika salt, mentioned by Susruta and some later writers,

cannot be identified at present. The name gutika is said to
be derived from .the circumstances of the salt assuming a hard,
granular or nodular shape from boiling; so that it is a sort of
boiled salt. Susruta describes it as stomachic, digestive and
laxative.

Pansuja or Ushasuta literally means, salt manufactured

from saline earth. Panga or common salt, manufactured from
earth impregnated with salt water, would come under this
head. It is "demulcent, stimulant, stomachic, generative of
digestive fire, laxative, bilious and productive of burning".—
(N. N. Sen Gupta).
The saline earths include:—(1) Javakhara (Potash Car-
bonate impure); (2) Navasagara (Ammonium Chloride);
(3) Papadkhar (Pearl Ash); (4) Sajikhara (Carbonate of
Soda); (5) Shorakhar (Saltpetre); (6) Tankankhar (Borax).

45. SODII CARBONAS IMPURA or SODIUM

CARBONATE
Sans.—Sarjikakshara; Trona or natron. Eng.—Dhobi's
earth; Washing Soda; Salsoda; Crude carbonate of soda or
sulphate of soda; soda carbonate; Barilla; Sodium Carbonate
—Crystalline; Soda Ash; Soda crystals; Crystal carbonate...
Pers.—Shikhara; Tine-gazur. Arah.—^Tile-milahuil-gile.
Hind. Guj. Mah. & Kon.—Sajjikhar; Sajikhara. Duk.—Cour-
ka-namak; Sajjinoon. Tel.—Savite-mannupu. tam.—Choon-
too-munnoo; Sanchhikaram.
Source & Varieties.—There are three- varieties of Carbo-
nate of Soda, each known by its peculiar characters. Thesfes
are:—1. Sajjikhar or Barilla; 2. Sajjikhar-naphul or W^sh^
102 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

ing Soda or Soda crystals; 3. Bangada-khara or very impure

carbonate of soda, which contains a large quantity of Silica.
All these varieties are found in the ashes of Chenopodiaceous
plants, a species of salt worts growing near the sea. "Crude
carbonate or sulphate of soda is an alkaline earth found in
large quantities where white granite forms the sub-soil. It is
generally found in the hot weather as an efflorescent sandy
deposit covering large tracts of open country. It is scraped
off the surface to about 3 inches deep and then boiled with a
little quicklime and made into cubes for sale, in cart-loads.
Also obtained from kelp or barilla by incinerating sea-weeds,
from Dhobi's earth by adding quick lime to the earth, and
boiling repeatedly with water.
Constituents.—It contains 25 p . c , of Sodium carbonate.
Sodium carbonate (washing soda) is obtained by lixiviation
and crystallization of barilla. Chemically it consists of carbo-
nate of soda with certain impurities such as organic matter,
sulphate of soda, potash etc.
Characters.—-It occurs in porous, granular masses, of a
greyish white color or as heavy hard pieces, with a strong
alkaline taste of soda.
Action.—It is antacid and alterative; also a diuretic. The
properties are generally like those of Yavakshara, but inferior
to it.
Uses.—It is useful in dyspepsia with vomiting, diarrhoea
and flatulence. It is an efficient remedy in urinary diseases,
as uric acid, gravel and suppression of urine. In Bright's
disease of the kidney with abundant sediment in the urine; and
in diabetes the habitual use of this salt has a marked bene-
ficial effect. In rheumatism and gout Sajjikhar is given inter-
nally with benefit. A powder known as Sajjikadya Churna
made up of Sarjikshara and Yavakshara and Pancha lavana
all equal parts, powdered and soaked in lemon-juice or the
juice of pomagranate fruits and dried in the sun, cures dys-
pepsia with severe pain after meals, ascites and loss of appe-
tite. Dose is 20 grains—(Sharangadhara). A powder made
of Sarjikakshara and Yavakshara 5 parts each, dry ginger and
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 103

Sanchala 4 parts each and pipli 3 parts is given in hot tea for
cohc, indigestion etc. In amenorrhoea a paste made in milk,
of equal parts of Sajjikhar, nayaphataki pana (Heart pea),
sweet flag and Asana is useful, Dose is 1 drachm. It is used
in the form of a bath in lichen, prurigo lepra and pityriasis;
also in burns of the second and third degree. In herpes of the
scalp and in scaly diseases of the skin it is an efficient topical
remedy. A saturated solution of it is applied to burns and
scalds, also to rheumatic, joints. A crystal, of soda dipped into
water and then gently applied to the burnt spot gives instan-
taneous relief of pain in burns of the first degree. In those of
the 2nd and 3rd degree, a compress wet with a 10 p.c. solution
of the soda may be applied. A week solution of it is injected
into the vagina to check leucorrhoea. A paste made of equal
parts of Yavakshara and Sajjikhara with ^yater is applied to
abscesses for opening thern and for the removal of local inr
flammation. An ointment made of Sajjikhar, slaked lime and
seeds of Psoralea corylifolia each 4 parts and copper sulphate
1 part and ghee 4 parts is useful in itch.

46. SODII BIBOKAS; S. BORAS

Sans.—Tankana; Tunkana; Hasashodhan. Eng.-^Sodium
Biborate; Sodium Borate; Biborate of Soda; Borax tynkal;
Borax; Biborate. of Sodium; Pyroborate or Tetraborate So-
dium; Sodium Pyroborate. Hind-—Tinkal; Tincal; Sohaga.
Ben. Duk. & Punj.—Sohaga; Suhaga; Tinkar; Tinkal. Kash.
—Vavut. Arab.—Buraekes-saghah. Pers.—Tinkar-tankar.
Tibetan-—Chusal. Bom. & Guj.—Tankan-khar; Kuddia-khar.
Kon. & Mah.—Kankankhar. Tel.—Velligaram; Elegaram.
Tarn.—Venkaram; Vengaram. Mai.—Ponkaram. Can.—Bih-
gara. Sinh-—^Pushara. Burnt.—Lakhiya. Malay.—^Pijar;
Palleri.
Source.—It occurs as a "natural deposit. Crude borax is
found in masses by evaporation of water, on shores of dried
Tip lakes in India and Tibet; it is also obtained from the mud
of lakes surrounded by hills in Nepal. In this- crude state it
is known as Sohagoor or tinkala. When purified by dissolving
 304 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

it in water^ straining through cloth, evaporating to dryness

and crystalHzing, it is called borax or tankan khar.
' Characters.—It is composed of boric acid and soda. In
iLe native state it exists as an impure saline incrustation of a
dirty-White colour. It exists as crystalline tough niasses or
in the form of translucent irregular masses. Exposed to the
air it becomes opaque. Another variety known as Telio
tankana is an impure salt met with in small pieces or smooth,
translucent six-sided prisms. The colour is greyish-white; on
exposure it becomes opaque or dirty white. It has a faintly
balsamic odour and tastes like papada khar.
Purification.—Borax is purified by being steeped for a
night in, Kanjikai (whey) and dried in thq sun. r
' Action.-^^Diliretic, emmeiiagogije, astringent, antacid and
local sedative aiid antiseptic.
Uses.:—Borax is given internally in doses varying from
10-30 grains, in acidity of the stomach, amenorrhoea, dys-
menorrhoea, menorrhagia, puerperal convulsions and to pro-
mote uterine pains during labour. As a solvent it is given in
uric acid diathesis with good .results." Dose is'from 20 to 40
grains for an adult. In the Kaphaja type of fevers a pill
called Kapha-ketu Rasa made of aconite, borax and reduced
conch-shell in eqUal parts,, powdered, mixed well and soaked
over three times in the juice of fresh ginger and made into
pills of two grains each is given with liohey and ginger-juice.
This is used in all soirts of phlegmatic coniiplaints from corh-
^ o r i catarrh to bronchitis and pneumonia even attended with
discharges from the ears and the nose. In prolonged and
"tedious labours due to want of' action or power in the uterus
to expel the foetus, and iri abortion under the same circum-
stances, "30 grains" of borax with 10 grains of powdered cinna-
mon in a little warm conjee may be given every one or two
hours to the extent of three or four doses. This m a y also be
given in convulsions, attendant on labour. In, cases of suspen-
sicm, or irregularity 'of the menstrual discharge and in s"ome
chi^onic uterine affections, doses of 10 grains with 10 grain?
•,o| pinnampn occasionally prove useful. It acts with betel,-
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 105

juice in 4 to 8 grain doses as preventive of, ague. In small

doses it is given to children as a laxative. It is. also used in
loss of appetite; painful dyspepsia, cough, asthma and diar-
rhoea. As an antiseptiCj it destroys low vegetable oi-ganisms,
hence given in foetid stools of diarrhoea in children. As a
sedative to the mucous membranes in irritable condition of
the fauces and pharynx, in chronic bronchitis of children, in
cystitis etc., it is given with benefit. A few grains of borax
or boric acid will sometimes remove an obstinate cough ,in a
young child, and especially if this be associated with an irrit-
able condition of the fauces or pharynx—^^(Judson). Glycerine
of borax in 10 to 20 drop-doses is very beneficial in the treat-
ment of 'summer diarrhoea of infants. It checks the griping
pains, deodorises' the pflensiye motions, and stops the diarrboea
(Dr. E. A. Sympspn); It is used by Hakims and Vaids in the
convulsions of infants and children, in doses of 1 to 5 grains,
given, in mother's milk, according to the age of the child. Five
grains of fcorax and three grains of peppei: with a teaspoonful
of honeyy given thrice la day i^ very effective for bronchitis
and asthma in adults.; for children the dose .is proportionate to
their age." Five grains of bora^ eaten with; betel leaves has
been found to be effective in importance. Five-grain doses
with treacle has been employed, ;as: ;a deobstruent in internal
turnours of the abdomen. In epilepsy it is useful where bro-
mides have no effecti Dr. GoWars has found borax useful in
some cases of inveterate epilepsy in, which bromide has no
influence"; but that the influence of borax is not comparable
to that of bromides in cases in which this is effective. He says
that the administration of the drug may be continued for years
in dose^ of J.5 to 30 grains thrice a day after meals, without
any ill effectsi beyond a 'possible' eruption of psoriasis amenable
to arsenic. Gastro-intestinal disturbance usually occurs at
the beginning of the treatment, but diminution of the dose is
said to be all that is ^necessary' to correct this. Borax enters
into the composition of jrldmerous formulae for dyspepsia, loss
of appetite and indigestipn, siich as the Amritakalpa rasa,
Tankanadi Vati etc. Amritakalpa rasa is prepared thus:—•
Take of mercury^ sulphur and aconite, one p a r t eacli, borax
three parts, soak them for three days in the juice of Wedelia
106 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

calendulacea and make into two-grain pills. Tankdnddi vati

contains the above ingredients with the addition of ginger and
black pepper, all in equal parts. Another pill composed of
borax, nitre, asafoetida. Karitham,. (magnetic oxide of iron),
purified iron pyrites, opium, garlic, kernel of boriduc seeds,
all in equal parts powdered, ground in ginger-juice and turned
into 2 or 2§ grain pills, is given in painful dyspepsia; a laxa-
tive of triphala. should be given. A mixture of equal parts of
borax, long pepper and baberang seeds is given for five days
at the menstrual periods for the purpose of preventing concep-
tion. It is also used for procuring abortion and inducing
labour pains. The following are some useful preparations
containing borax:—(1) Take of borax, aconite, Alpotaxis
auriculata, alum, long pepper, Embelia ribes, cloves, nutmeg
and Helleborus niger. Mix and make a pill mass in hoiiey.
Dose is 2 to 5 grains, given with betel leaves, in cough.
(2) Take of Borax, impure carbonate of potash, trikatu,
triphala, Curcuma longa, pancha lavdna, Cassia lanceolata
powder, Embelia ribes and Aconitum heterophyllum equal
parts and BalsamodendrOn mukul equal in weight to all. Mix
and make a pill mass. Dose is 3 to 5 grains, given in milk or
Conjee; useful in gonorrhoea, rheumatism, heart disease,
epilepsy, hysteria etc. (3) Take of Borax 4, Pinus longifolia
3, black pepper 2, Anacylus pyrethrum 2, Datura seeds 3
and aconite 2 parts. Mix, add honey and make a pill mass.
Dose is 5 grains, to be given in the juice of betel leaves, for
asthma, (4) Take of Borax 2, triphala, dry ginger, long pep-
per, coriander seeds, cumin seeds, sanchala salt, each 1 part,
cinnabar, Ferri peroxidum, sulphur, and black pepper each
2 parts and honey 5 parts. Mix and make a pill mass. Dose
is 5 grains. Used in chronic bronchitis with profuse expec-
toration.

Externally borax is used in lotion (1 in 40 of water) in

acne, freckles, chloasma etc., to allay itching in urticaria,
psoriasis, pruritus pudendi, vulvi, scroti and ani, in gangren-
ous buboes, and sloughing ulcers. It is applied on rags well over
the whole sore and renewed frequently by night and day-
For dressing Delhi sores and .other forms of ulcers, and
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 107

for stimulating them to healthy action a faivourite application

is. an ointment made of a .mixture of borax, sulphur and
catechu, one drachm each in fine powder and an ounce of
ghee. To sore nipples and in prickly heat and other forms of
skin eruptions, a solution of borax (1 in 8) is apphed before
and after sucking the infant; or it may be employed in the
form of ointment 1 in 8 of ghpe. These applications are also
serviceable in inflamed and .painful piles. In the distressing
irritation of the genital organs both in males and females,
cloths saturated with a strong solution of borax (1 in 16) kept
to the parts afford much relief. In the case of women, the
solution should be used, in the form of vaginal injection. The
solution (1 in 5) proves very useful as injection in cystitis,
leucorrhoea and gonorrhoea and in lithic acid deposits. In
the treatment of vaginal leucorrhoea Rosch deposits in the
fornix 0.5 gm. (7 or 8 grains) of boric acid at first daily and
then three times a week. The course of treatment lasts from
one to three weeks. For ringworm a solution of borax in
distilled vinegar (1 in 16) is an effectual application. In
aphthae or thrush and soreness of mouth or throat to parasitic
stomatitis, to the ^urethra in urethritis, to cracked tongue, a
mixture of one drachm of powdered borax and one ounce of
honey or other suitable vehicle, is an excellent application,
especially suitable to infants and young children; for this the
official Mel Boracis and GlycBrinum Boracis are efficient sub-
stitutes. It should be applied with the finger to the spot
twice or thrice daily. In hoarseness of the throat to which
songsters are liable it is locally appHed with benefit. In ul-
ceration of mouth, fissures or cracks in the tongue in adults,
which occur in the advanced stages of consumption, fever,
etc., an application twice the strength of the above proves
highly serviceable. In mercurial salivation a solution of
borax (1 in 16 of water) makes an excellent gargle. As a
resolvant of enlarged glands and tumours, a paste made of
equal parts of borax, alum and milk-curd is applied. Boro-
glycerine (1 in 45) is useful as an antiseptic lotion in purulent
ophthalmia and diphtheria.
108 TQE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

47. SODII SILICOFLUORIDUM

(Sodium Fluosilicate or Sodium Fluosilicas, SilicefluOTide
of Sodium, Sodium Silicofluoride) occurs in crystals or white
gt-anular powder without any odour or taste, soluble in water.
It is non-irritant, disinfectant, antiseptic, germicide, (anthel^
mintic), deodorant and styptic. As an injection (2 p.c.) it is
used in gonorrhoea; as a mouth wash of gargle in diphtheria
and sore-throat; as a solution for carious teeth, wounds and
for irrigating abscess and other cavities.

48. SODII CHLORIDUM IMPURA or

SODIUM CHLORIDE IMPURA
(Sans.—Saindhava. Eng.—Rock-salt; Sea salt; Bay salt;
Sodiurn chlorate. Arab.—^Mil-he-tabazard. Pers.—Namake-
sang. Hind.—Sendhalon; Sedhalon. Duk.—Sondanimak.
Guj.—Sindhaluna'. T6l.—Saindhalavanani. Tdm.—Indu-uppu.
Can. Kon. & Mah.—Sendhlirlavana. Mat.—Intu-uppu. Ger.—
Natrium chloricum).
Source.—Found in Nature in extensive beds mostly ~ as-
sociated with clay and calcium sulphate. To obtain it, holes
are dug into these rocks which soon become filled up with
salt water; the water is evaporated and the salt is left ready
for use.
Characters;—^It is found in' small white crystalline grains
or transparent cubes. It is brownish white externally and
white internally. It, has 'a pure saline taste and burns with a
yellow flame.
Action.—^In small doses it is highly carminativej stomachic
and digestiye. It promotes the appetite and assists digestion
and assimilation. In large doses (1 to 2 drachms) it is cathar-
tic; in still larger doses, (4 to 8 drachms) it is, emetic.. Rock;
salt possesses stronger purgative properties than cream of
tartar; but like this it is not a satisfactory cathartic giVen
alone. Combined with other purgatives it is equal, if not
superior to it.
Uses.—It is given in dyspepsia and other abdominal dis-
orders. To rouse digestion weakened by diarrhoea, rock-salt
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 109

and Yavakshar (alkali-Potassium carboiias impur'a) are given,

in convalescence. When heated it is used to foment painful,
swollen and such other parts. Rock salt with warm water
is used as an emetic. A compound powder called Vadavanal
•chu-rna containing rock salt, long pepper, V^'pli, cubebs, chitrak,
ginger, and myrobalans, in equal parts, mixed and made into
a powder is used in anorexia, flatulence and biliousness. Dose
is 5 to 15 grains two or three times a day with water. A
medicinal salt called Nariekeiakshara is highly recommended
in Chakradatta as valuable in the form of dyspepsia which is
attended with pain two or three hours after meals. It is thus
prepared:—Take a cocoanut-fruit full of water, make a hole
in if and fill the cocoanut with rock-salt and dissolve it in its
water. Then close the opening, cover the n u t with, a layer
of clay and roast it in a pit of fire. The salt thus roasted is
given with the addition of long pepper. Dose is about a
quarter tola. A powder made of jock salt 10 grains, Kaladana
1 d r a c h n / a n d "dry ginger 10 grains is a good laxative, in a
single dose. As a digestive, a compound powder made of
rock salt, chebulic myrobalan, emblic myrobalan and long
pepper in equal parts is recommended in doses of 10 grains
twice a day. A powder containing pancha lavayia 5 parts,
impure oxide of iron 5 parts' and emblic myrobalan 4 parts is
useful In doses of lO grains in dyspepsia, congested liver etc.
A medicated oil named Salpa Masha Taila is used as an appli-
cation in rheumatism, contracted knee joint, stiff shoulder
joint etc.

49. SODII CHLOKIDUM or SODIUM CHLORIDE

(Sans.—Lavana; Samudra Lavana; Dronilavana. Eng.—
Common salt; Table salt; Muriate of Sodium;. Muriate of Soda.
Arab.—Milhuls-aajin. Pers.—Namake-khurdahn. Hind.—
Namak; Lun Nun. Duk.—Nimak. Ben.—-Nimok; Lesu. Guj.
—Mithun. Bom. Mah. & Kon.—Chemit Meeth. Can.—Droni-
uppu; Kadluppu; Uppu. Tel. Tarn. & Mai.—Uppu. Burm.—
Themg-dan-hsa. Sinh.—Shih-yen; Lunu.)
Source.—Sodium chloride or salt is found in Nature form-
ing 2.5 p.c. of the waters of the ocean. It is obtained by lixi-
110 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

viation of saline soil or by evaporation of brine springs or sea-

water. When obtained from sea-water it is known as Samudra
lavana.
Characters.—Salt occurs as - transparent cubes or siiiall
brownish-white crystalline grains, odourless, of saline taste and
neutral reaction, soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol and
chloroform.
Action.—Antiseptic, antiperiodic, antheilmintic and de-
obstruent. Common, salt is an ingredient of our body and
keeps the globulin of the blood in. solution. We are conti-
nually losing it through sweat, wine, tears etc., and therefoTS
its want causes disease and even death. It increases the
secretion of the gastric juice and. should therefore be taken
with discretion by the dyspeptic. It should be taken with
caution by stout persons, patients with dropsy and those suffer-
ing from excessive thirst and skin diseases. The salt of the sea
water contains a^ small proportion of iodine, which renders it
essential for the human being as a preventive of goitre and
other glandular enlargements. Dr. Barclay, President of the
British Radiological Society, Manchester, declares (Montreal
Pharm. Jour.) that in communities near the sea there are
few, if any cases, of goitre, and proves his theory from the
fact that there is much less goitre in England than in the
United States where the people are far from salt water. He
thereby proves that goitre is caused hy insufficient iodine in
the human system. Internally in small doses it increases the
secretion of the salivary and gastric glands, sharpens appetite
and promotes digestion of vegetable food. It excites thirst
and thus assists absorption of liquid food. In a diluted form
it enters the blood and dissolves albumins and globulins. In
a concentrated form it is an irritant to the cut surfaces to the
mucous membranes, muscles and nerves. It is also a rube-
facient. It decreases the secretion of mucus, promotes ab-
sorption of effused products. It is eliminated in the urine.
In large doses i.e., 2 to 4 drachms in solution, salt acts ds an
emetic, and in still larger doses it is a powerful purgative.
Uses.—Being one of the constituents of the blood and of
the body generally, it forms an important dietetic agent and
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 111

is used as a condiment. Swami Lavanananda speaking of

salt in its relation to longevity of life mentions eight civilized
countries from British Isles and United States down to India
and gives the national consumption of salt per head in com-
parison with their average longevity. He gives 72 and 48 lbs.
of salt per head per year in British Isles and U.S.A. respective-
ly, where the average length of life is 45 years, whereas in
India it is only 23 years, owing, he says, to the fact that the
average consumption of salt per head per year in India is only
12 lbs. He therefore preaches the value of saline nasal douche
and salt-water drink t o ' m a k e us more healthy and the Gov-
ernment more wealthy through salt-tax. But in contrast to
this view a book published by the Theosophical Publishing
House, Adyar, Madras, and styled 'Salt^—A Superstition' gives
copious illustrations and extracts to prove the justification for
its total discontinuance as an article of diet! It is mentioned
that in Ayurvedic treatment a saltless diet is generally pre-
scribed in diseases such, as dropsy and that Bhagvath Githa
refers to a salted diet as causing "pain, grief and disease." At
any rate, excessive and improper use of salt is not commend-
ab e. In moderate doses it has a tonic effect, observed especial-
ly in some cases of convalescence where there is an intense
craving for it. In feyers, dyspepsia and bilious diarrhoea in
children it is given with benefit. A powder named Vaishnava-
nar Churnam, made u p of common salt, ajowan, omum seeds,
long pepper, ginger and chebulic myrobalan, is useful in doses
of 20 to 60 grains twice a day, as gastric stimulant and carmi-
native. For an attack of acute indigestion with difficulty to
breathe a very simple remedy is to put a pinch of table salt,
dry, on the tongue and while it is dissolving it is acting on the
saliva very quickly and when this is swallowed it assists in the
digestion of whatever article of food has remained undigested
especially starchy foods. A contributor to the "Indian Medi-
cal Record" says with regard to the usefulness of salt in
typhoid fever etc.:—"This saved my life when recovering from
typhoid and I have told many persons of it and they have
been helped; it acts better when dry than when dissolved in
either hot or cold water and drunk, as then the salivary
glands are not excited to activity".—(Health Hints in Indian
112 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Medical Record, Nov. 1925). Biochemists in America have

found from experiments made, that salt serves the valuable
function of reducing 'uric acid m the blood' especially of those
on a diet too rich in either proteins or ca'rbo-hydrates. Sea
water collected from a depth of five fathoms far out in the
Atlantic in sterile drums is being used for curative purposes
in disease. It is said to Worl< iriiraeles in anaemia, gastric
ulcer, catarrh, neuritis, neurasthenia, and all cases of debility.
Experiments are now being made in America by Drs. Leaman
& Gibson with some success in the treatment of vomiting 'with
the administration of a 2 p.C. solution of sodiurA chloride. The
relief was immediate, though transient. Also a few cases of
duodenal ulcer with nausea and pain after meals, are reported
to have' been relieved though temporarily by giving a teaspoon-
'ful of salt dissolved in a glass of cold water. Dr. Brooke says
-that common salt is an efficacious remedy in malarial fevers,
that only one dose or even two doses of the common salt are
required to check an attack of any kind of malarial fever! He
suggests the following rnode of adrriinistration:—"A good hand-
ful of clean sodium chloride is first thrown on a well-washed
frying pan which is being kept warm by the application of
heat from underneath to drive off fully tlae water of crystalli-
sation contained in the cominon salt. Such an application of
heat is continued until the said salt took the brownish tint.
Dosage:—For adults—one tablespoonful of this roasted salt
which is equivalent to one ounce. This amount of salt after
being well mixed with one glass of hot water should be taken
in an empty stomach in the morning of the day before the
date of an attack of fever. In qudtidian type of malarial
fever, after the remissipn or its cold stage being removed, it
should be taken in an empty' stomach. Not more than one
ounce should be administered per mouth. But the dose
should not be less than orie ounce. It would he of no effect if
medicine is not takert in an empty stom,ach. Consequently,
the patient should not be given any food or even water before
the rriedicine is administered. AXthough the patient becomes
very thirsty immediately after the mediciTie is taken, still he
should not be given any iother food eacospt water. This water
should be slightly warmed and should be drunk at a time
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 113

i n a drachm quantity off and on. If the patient becomes very

Jiungry, he should not be given any other food except light
•diet e.g. chicken broth after 48 hours. Within 24 hours after
taking the salt water he should drink only little water off
and on, otherwise he would derive no benefit at all. Regarding
idiet he shoidd he very careful. Further he should remain
careful as to cold exposure within 48 hours after the adminis-
tration of medicine. He should be instructed in such a way
that he should wear always a warm coat and stockings. Dr.
Brooke in his 18 years' experience in the medical practice did
not get baffled in his object of curing patients after following
the above principles. He was able to cure each patient by
using this roasted salt after 48 hours. None had the relapse
of fever. xThis rnedicine was rarely used twice in a patient.
I n Hungary, hundreds of patients are cured by adopting the
.above procedure. In hot countries of America nearly 400
Englishmen are attacked with malarial fever each year. None
had the relapse of fever—(Practical Medicine, Sept. 1925). As
.a saline intravenous injection or enema it is given during col-
lapse stage after operations and in uterine haemorrhages. In
•cholera, an intravenous injection of Rogers mixture is useful.
I t consists of sodium chloride 2 drachms, potassium chloride
6 grains and calcium, chloride 4 grains in 1 pint of water. In
plague cases accompanied by vomiting and'purging Dr. H. C.
Sen recommends hypoderm,ic injection of normal salt solution.
Surgeons make free use of intrave"nous or subcutaneous in-
jection of salt water in critical times. Tlie same or better
result can be obtained by lay people by putting salt water in
t h e body through nose or mouth. Marine-plasma or deep
sea-water is used in France to improve the vitality of children.
The sanie can be achieved by salt water drink. It is now ad-
mitted that saline nasal douche (salt water snuff) prevents in-
fluenza. It increases leucocytosis and improves vitality. We
can prevent pneumonia and other chest disorders by salt
•water. It is not a very difficult task to give saline nasal
douche to the child. Prepare a cup of salt water by dissolving
powdered salt in the proportion of one tola to a seer of water
or 6 grains of salt to an ounce of water. Put a few spoons in
«ach nostril and a few in the mouth of the child. Dr. H. C.
 114 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDIC A

Sen recommends administration of tepid normal salt solution

freely by the mouth in every case of blood-poisoning or im-
poverished condition of the blood. He says that if it is not
rejected by the stomach, oral administration should not be
superseded by rectal, hypodermic or intravenous injections.
As an enema it relieves flatulence and colic, destroys and
brings away worms from the large bowels and prevents the
paroxysmal attack of epilepsy. In neuralgic headache etc., it
may be used as a snuff. It relieves haemoptysis and migraine.
One per cent solution of it is a topical application to stop
haemorrhages from wounds and a wash or a sniff in the cold
and catarrh of the nostrils in ozoena and a gargle in chronic
diseases of the pharynx and larynx. The sniffiiig of a little-
aqlt water every miorning improves the health of children,
who do not breathe well. Salt is used as an antidote in poison-
ing by silver nitrate or after swallowing a leech. Heated salt
is largely used as dry hot jomentatian for the- relief of painful
joints and swollen scrofulous glands. About a pound of
powdered common salt enclosed in a loose bag heated over a
fire and applied for 20 to 30 minutes at a time relieves gas-
tralgia or dyspeptic colic. Salt water (1 in 30) or sea-hathing
is recommended for the cure of various skin affections,
rheumatic and muscular pains and sprains etc. The follow-
ing is recommended as a bath to soothe tired nerves:—
"Dissolve four ounces, of sea^-salt in a quart of hot water and'
let stand until cool; pour 2 ounces each of spirits of ammonia
•and of spirits of camphor into 8 ounces of alcohol; add this t a
the sea-salted water and shake well. Wet the body all over
with a sponge dipped in this mixture and rub vigorously till
the flesh glows. The relief is almost magical. The worn
feeling vanishes, a sleepy sensation creeps over the tired'
nerves and one sinks away into slumber sweetly."—(Practical
Medicine. April 1926). "Salt water is the best thing for the
daily cleansing of the teeth"—(Sir Harry Baldwin, Surgeon-
Dentist to the King). When used as a preservative of animal
substances such as meat etc., salt modifies the nutritive p r o -
perties rendering it (meat etc..) less fit to nourish and sustain;
hence fresh meat is better than the meat preszrved hy salting.
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES lib

50. STANNIC SULPHIDUM

(Sans.—Svarnavanga. Eiig:—Mosaic gold; Bisulphurette of
tin) is a powder and a golden preparation of tin having a beauti-
ful golden lustre and flaky texture. It is prepared thus:—Take
equal parts t)f mercury, sulphur and tin-foils and r u b them
together; then take Sal ammoniac in quantity equal to all the
above ingredients and r u b these together in a mortar. P u t
the mixture in a glass bottle and heat in a sand bath. The
resulting powder is the bisulphuret of tin. It is "used in com,-
plaints of generative organs, both in male and female. It is
specially effective in gleet. It is indicated as a rejuvenator
and tonic of high potency which induces health-vigour, im-
proves the appetite, increases memory, generates semen of
high quality, cures gonorrhoea, spermatorrhoea, leucorrhoea
and allied troubles of the generative organs". Dose is 2 to 4
grains mixed with honey before use—(Kaviraj Bisharad &
Dr. S. K. Mukherji—Jour. of Ayur.^ Sept., 1924). In im-
potency it is given as a rejuvenator with 4 grains of the
powdered roots of Mimosa pudica. As an appetiser it is given
with the water obtained by soaking 1 tola powder of Emblic
myrobalans in 4 ounces of water soaked overnight and strain-
ed through a linen in the 'morning. For memory it is given
with the fresh expressed leaf juice of Indian penny-wort. In
gonorrhoea it is given with, the juice of the r a w turmeric or
leaf-juice of glomerous fig tree (Ficus glomerata) or leaf-
juice of Hirtisagar (Pashanhhedi, Irrissp). In spermatorrhoea
it is given with cubeb powder 12 grains. In leucorrhoea it is
given in the decoction of red sandal wood (1 tola of
powder in 8 ounces of water boiled down to 2 ounces). For
thinness of semen, it is given as for impotency, or in the leaf-
juice of Aswagandha or with powdered rocfts of Mimosa
pudica—12 grains per dose or with decoction of the root bark.

51. PERMUBIATE OF TIN (SNCL2)

(Eng.—Perchloride of tin).
 116 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

52. STANNUM
Sans.—Vanga; Ranga; Trapu. Eng.—Tin; Pewter-calx.
Arab.—^Rasas; Abruz. Pars.—Urziz. Hind.—Kathal; Rang.
Ben.—B'anga. Guj.—^Kalai. Mah.^—Kaloi. Duk.—Kathil.
Tarn.—Tagaram. Tel.—Vendi; Sisam. Mai.—Kalang; Timah.
Can. & Kon.—Tavaray. Sink.—Sudu-iyam. Burm.—^Khai-
maphyn.
Source.—Rarely met with in a free state; found as oxide
in native plates or tin stone or in combination with sulphur
as sulphide. It is abundant in Burma, Tennaserim and
Malacca.
Characters.—^As met with in the bazaar tin is a bluish-
"v white metal, silverlike, softer than gold, harder than lead,
bending with a cracking sound, malleable b u t sparingly duc-
tile with little elasticity. It is obtained by heating tin-stone
'with charcoal. In Ayurvedic works two varieties of tin have
been described.—(1) Impure tin (Misraka meaning mixed),
is dirty white in appearance. Arsenic and Sulphur are the
chief impurities in tin ore. (2) P u r e tin (Kshuraka), white,
soft, cold (to the touch), readily fusible and bright and does
not clink when struck—(Rasaratnasamuchchaya). Only pure
tin (Kshuraka) should be used in the preparation of medi-
cines.
Purification.—Tin is purified by melting it over fire and
pouring the melted fluid into the milky juice of Calotropis
gigantea. Another process is to drop the molten tin into the
juice of Vitex negundo mixed with turmeric: the process be-
ing repeated three times, the metal undergoes purification.—
(Rasaratna-samuchchaya). For medicinal use it is prepared
by melting purified tin in an iron cup adding to it one-fourth
p a r t of its weight of Yavakshara and powdered tamarind
shells, agitating with an iron rod till the mass is reduced to a
fine powder. It is then washed in cold water and dried over
a gentle fire. Other methods consist in—(1) melting correct-
ed tin in an earthen pot and adding to the molten metal, an
equal weight of powdered turmeric and psychotis ajowan and
cumin seeds and afterwards the ashes of the powdered bark
of Tamarindus indica and Ficus religiosa and continuing stir-
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 117

ing over fire till the tin is reduced to ashes (powder), which
is then washed to rid it of vegetable-ashes—(Rasendrasara-
sangraha); or (2) smearing tin-foil with a paste of orpiment
and the milky juice of Calotropis gigantea and then covering it
with the ashes of the bark of Ficus religiosa and Tamarindus
indica and roasting till reduced to ashes—(Rasaratna-samu-
chchaya). In this process orpiment plays an important part in
the reduction. The best method of reducing tin is this:—Tin
is melted over fire in an iron vessel. Powdered Achyranthus
aspera plant is then added to the molten tin in the iron vessel
and stirred continually with iron rod. when it is xeduced to fine
powder, wash anci put it in a covered crucible and burn r e -
peatedly by the putapdka process in mild heat—(Kaviraj A.
C. Bisharad & Dr. S. K. Mukerji M.B.). The resulting pro-
duct is a greyish white powder consisting chemically of oxide
of tin fVawga hhwsma) with some impurities.
Uses.—It is chiefly used .in diseases of the genito-urinary
organs, blood and-'lungs. Dose of the powder is 3 to. 5 grains
twice daily with'honey or butter. In the West, oxide of tin
has been advocated as a therapeutic, agent in staphylococcal
infection in the treatment of boils etc. In India it. has been iit
use from a very ancient period in several diseases in a variety
of forms. Misrakinn (Impure tin) is useful in urinary dis-
orders. In urinary diseases tin-oxide is recommended; it is
usually combined with the juice of Ocimum sarictum leaves or
with juice of betel leaves in cases of difficult micturition. In
painful micturition a preparation called Trinetrd Rasa is given
with a decoction in milk made of the juice of Cynodon dacty-
Ion, liquorice root, gum of Bbmbax malabaricum, and Tribulus
terrestris. It is prepared thus:—Take of prepared tin, mer-
cury a n d ^ u l p h u r equal parts, rub them, together in an iron
mortar and soak seven times respectively in the juice of Cyno-
don dactylon and the decoctions^ of liquorice root, gum of
Bombax malabaricum and Tribulus terrestris^ Then roast in
a covered crucible, again soak in the above mentioned fluid
medicines and make into four-grain pills. In gonorrhoea,
Zad Garib prescribes a compound powder made of tin oxide.
Bamboo manna, cubebs, coriander and cardamoms in equal
parts. Dose is to begin with 1 masha (11 or 12 grains)
118 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

gradually increased up to 3 mashas. In diabetes Vangeshwara

Rasa which consists of Rasasindura (red sulphide of mercury)
and Vanga bhasma in equal parts is recommended. Dose is
4 grains taken once a day with honey. Well-known prepara-
tions of Tin, such as Somanath Rasa, Basantakumara Rasa,
Tarakeshvar Rasa, Gaganadi Lauha etc., are recommended for
diabetes. Vanga hlasma with honey, turmeric and juice of
the root of Bombax malabaricum is generally used. Another
compound preparation recommended in Bhaisajyaratnavali
for diabetes is Vrihat Vangesvara Rasa. It is given with the
juice of the l i p e fruit of Ficus glomerata. It acts as an altera-
tive tonic and cures all sorts of urinary diseases. It contains
prepared tin, mercury, silver and talc, sulphur and camphor
each 2 tolas, prepared gold and pearls, each half a tola, mixed
together and soaked in the juice of Eclipta prostrata and made
into 4-grain pills. In spermatorrhoea tin oxide is given with
nutmeg powder and ghee. In phthisis it is given with tur-
meric juice for haemoptysis. In asthma it is used with cop-
per. In paralysis it is used with garlic juice. In general
weakness Sharangadhara recommends it as a tonic and altera-
tive. It "improves health, strengthens the organs and
nourishes the whole body". In weakened vitality, sexual
debility and impotence it is used with this leaf-juice of Achy-
ranthus aspera. As an aphrodisiac it is best and combined
with musk. For putrid smell in the mouth it is given with
camphor. In dyspepsia it is given with either powdered long
pepper or with juice of betel leaves. In constipation it is
prescribed with betel leaf-juice. In jaundice it is used with
clarified butter. In skin disease it is giveii with catechu dis-
solved in water. In leprosy also it is recommended and is
prescribed with leaves of Vitex trifolia. Oxide of tin has
given excellent results in acne vulgaris, anthrax and styes. It
"is now used either as tables for oral administration or as
solution in hpoid medium for injection"—(Jour, of Ayur.,
Sept. 1924).
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 119

53. SULPHUR
5ans.^-Gandhaka. Eng.—Brimstone; Sublimed Sulphur.
-Bind.—Gandak; Gundhak. Ben.—Gandrak; Gandhak. Kash.
Guj. Mah. Kon. Duk. Can. & Sinh..—Gandhak. Tel. Tarn. &
Mai.—Gendagum. Tarn.—Gandakam. Tel.—Gandhakam.
Punj.—Gandhak; Kibrit; Anwlasar; Gogird. Arab.—^Kibrika.
Pers.—Gowgird; Gangird. Burm.—Kau. Malay.—Balirang.
Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is called in Tarn. Tel. & Can.—
Gandagadravakam. Hind-—Tezab.
Source.—A non-metallic element found free in beds of
gypsum and in a state of sublimation in regions of extinct
volcanoes; also in combination with several ores called pyrites,
as sulphates and sulphides of iron, copper, lead, .zinc, mercury
etc. In India it occurs naturally in some parts, in Nepal,
Kashmir, Afghanistan and in Burma, It is a constituent of
various vegetable and animal substances such as albumen etc.
It is obtained by roasting, fusion or by sublimation.
C h a r a c t e r s . ^ A s met in the bazaar, it is of four kinds:—
(1) Yellow variety or vitreous or precipitated sulphur or
Amlasar gandhaka, occurs in semi-transparent crystals re-
sembling the translucent ripe fruits of the Amalaki. This is
employed for internal use in combination with mercury.
(2) The white variety known as roll sulphur is found in sticks
about two inches in width and 3 to 5 inches long; the taste is
bitter and astringent and the smell is nauseous. It is very
brittle; it is somewhat sticky to touch. It being inferior to the
yellow variety is preferred for external application. (3) The
Ted variety is called Rati Hirakasi or Lai gandhak; it occurs in
small, flat or irregular crystalline pieces of a shining orange-
red, purple or brick dust colour. The taste is acrid and bitter.
It burns with a faint blue flame and emits the smell of sulphur.
(4) The black variety, i.e., Stiblimed sulphur (Gandhak-na-
Tphul) is a purified form of sulphur and is prepared by washing
Gandhaka in milk. It is first dissolved in an iron ladle smear-
ed with butter and then gradually poured into a basin of milk.
When cool and solidified it is fit for use. It is a light yellow
powder of a bitter astringent taste and of a peculiar smell.
Dose is 12 to 24 grains with milk or other vehicle.
120 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Action.—Sulphur is described as of bitter astringent taste

with a peculiar strong smell. It increases bile, acts as a laxa-
tive and alterative and its preparations also act as alterative,,
laxative, diuretic and insecticide. Sulphur, when taken inter-
nally and in small doses, becomes absorbed and may be detect-
ed in the sweat, milk and urine. It is a stimulant to the
secreting organs such as the skin and the bronchial mucous
membranes. It has a specific action on the rectum and in-
' creases the haemorrhoidal secretions. The sulphurous and
mineral waters as they contain earthy and alkaline sulphates
act as laxative and diuretic, while the sulphurous acid disen-
gaged from them acts as a diaphoretic. In large doses it acts
as a purgative.
Uses.—In combination with mercury it is used in almost
all diseases. It readily combines with and fixes metallic mer-
cury and is therefore extensively used in combination with
that metal. In combination with jaggery or cream of milk,
sulphur is given in diseases like haemorrhoids, prolapsus and'
stricture, also in chronic skin diseases; in skin diseases sulphur
is used both internally and externally. Internally it is given
with milk or in the shape of a sulphurated butter, which is
prepared from milk boiled with the addition of sulphur, them
cooled and converted into curd which is after frequent churn-
ing converted into whey and butter; butter is. next boiled when-
it becomes converted into oil; or it may be prepared by tri-
turating sulphur in the juice of lemons and adding to it milk
and boiling the whole and then allowing it to cool; an oily-
liquid will separate. This is called Gandha taila and is taken
internally in doses of 1 to 2 minirns and applied externally in
skin diseases—(Sandeha Bhanjani). Sulphur and Yavaksharw
mixed with mustard oil is applied in pityriasis, psoriasis etc.
In chronic skin diseases a confection of sulphur called
Gandhaka Rasayana is used as an alterative. Dose is 1 to 2'
drachms. Gandhaka Rasayana in doses of 10 grs. each, given
every morning with honey, in cases of advanced leprosy, and
in doses of 15 grs. each with hot water before every meal, in.
acute leprosy, has been benc'ficial. It is made
thus:—Take of sulphur 2 parts and mercury 1
part; to this add the juice of aloe leaves and
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 12t

triturate the whole to form a paste. Then heat it and when

cool add honey and ghee each 2 parts. Sulphur enters into
the composition of a large number of applications for skin-
diseases as, for example:—Adityapaka taila which is recom-
mended by Chakradatta in eczema, scabies etc. It is pre-
pared by taking madder, the three myrobalans, lac, turmeric,,
orpiment, realgar and sulphur in equal parts, in all one seer,,
mixing them with four seers of sesamum oil and exposing the
whole to the sun. Sulphur is useful in cough, asthma, con-
sumption and general debihty; also in enlargement of the liver
and spleen, chronic fevers etc. In chronic rheumatism, lame-
ness, cough, asthma and skin diseases, a confection known as
Sinhanada guggula is recommended by Chakradatta. It is,
prepared by taking sulphur and bdellium each 8 tolas, decoc-
tion of three myrobalans 72 tolas, and castor oil 32 tolas and'
mixing and boiling them together in an iron vessel till re-
duced to the consistence of a confection. Dose is one drachm
twice daily. In constipation a thin paste called Gandhaka
kalka is recommended; it is made of sulphur and chebulic:
myrobalans and butter each 1 part and juice of Eclipta 3 parts
well mixed together and made into a paste. As; sulphur is a
mild laxative, for habitual constipation, in the presence of
haemorrhoids, equal parts of sublimed sulphur and cream of
tartar with a little honey or milk in doses of 1 drachm is taken
before each meal. Dose is half to one teaspoonful once o r
twice daily. This also acts beneficially in cases of piles and
chronic dysentery. There are certain Ayurvedic preparations,
containing sulphur, which are useful in asthma and other forms
of "Swasa";, and the chief of these are:—Swasa-kuthar Rasa
(see "Arsenic" & "Mercury"), Swasa-Ckintamani and Brihat-
swasa Chintamani, Swasa kasa Chudamani, Maha Lakshmi-
hilas (see "Silver"), Mrityunjaya Rasa (see "Mercury"),
Suryavartha'Rasa (see "Copper"), Maharaj Vati & Vijaya Vati.
In fevers also preparations like Mrityunjaya Rasa are used,,
especially in the Vayu type of remittent fever and that of
typhoid. In worms and several blood parasites with consti-
pation or with fever, cough and indigestion, vermifuge com-
binations such as Kitamarda rasa and Krimimudgar rasa con-
taining ajowan and vidanga, besides sulphur etc. are rgcom-
 122 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

mended. For external application in skin diseases sulphur

ointment made u p of powdered or sublimed sulphur 1 part and
Kokum butter or any bland oil 6 parts, or better still so called
'"balsam of sulphur" which is simply a solution of sulphur in
warm oHve or sesamum oil is useful. A sulphur hath is
generally efficacious for skin diseases, as itch, acne, rosacea,
sycosis and chloasma, and internally sulphur powder or mine-
ral sulphurated waters are given with benefit. The sulphur
bath is commonly made by adding the sublimed sulphur or
"milk of sulphur" to boiling water and using it when suffici-
ently cool. "Sulphur baths of Vajreshwari near Kalyan in the
Bombay Presidency are highly useful in the treatment of
chronic muscular rheumatism, gout and cutaneous affections"
— (Khory). In many households sulphur is used to disinfect
rooms by fumigation. For ringworm Aksir-ul-Imraj recom-
mends the use of a paste made of sulphur, sulphate of iron,
borax, pitch-resin and lead carbonate in equal parts, for local
application; and for scabies Ilaj-ul-Gurba recommends an
•ointment made of sulphur 4 mashals, seeds, of Cassia tora 1
•seer, cow's milk 1 seer and ghee 4 chattaks. I n scabies and
many other parasitic diseases, of the skin, powdered sulphur
in half chattack of bland oil is an efficient remedy. In cases
•of chronic rheumatism a liniment composed of two ounces of
powdered or sublimed sulphur and a pint of neem oil well
Tubbed in, twice daily, is very beneficial. For rheumatic^
scrofulous and other painful joints a plaster called Gandhaka
Lepa made of sulphur triturated in the leaf-juice of Cassia
fistula is useful. In cases of rheumatic joints, relief is obtain-
ed from dusting the affected part with flour of sulphur at bed
time, enveloping it in flannel and covering the whole with
plantain leaf to prevent the escape of the fumes. Antipara-
sitic and vermifuge pills such as Krimighatini Gutika are also
useful. In worms and blood parasites with chronic fever and
•other troubles of gastro-intestinal tract, haematinic vermifuge
•such as Vidanga Lauha is recommended. A preparation call-
•ed Chaturmukha Rasa (described under "mercury") is useful
in phthisis, asthma, epilepsy and other nervous diseases. Dose
is 1 to 4 pills of 1 grain each taken twice a day after food.
"'This was administered t9 a case of chronic bronchitis" which
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 123

was "cured"—(Ind. Drugs Report, Madras). For ptthisis

and chronic bronchitis with fever, Rajmiiganka Rasa (des-
cribed under "Plumbum") is also useful. For acidity and
dyspepsia Agnikumara Rasa (see "Mica") is useful, in
cholera a paste made of sulphur (precipitated) 5 parts, onion
j u i c e 3 parts, garlic juice 2 parts, mustard and Bishop's weed
(Ajwan-ka-phul) each 4 parts, is given internally. For tyn^-
panitis, colic, ascites etc., a drastic purgative named Maha-
naracha Rasa made of sulphur, mercury and black pepper 2
parts each, ginger 3 parts and purified proton seeds 8 parts,
rubbed together for 12 hours and made into 2 grain pills, are
given with cold water. After the operation of this medicine
rice should be given with curdled milk and sugar. For dys-
entery Vajrakapata Rasa and Gandhar Rasa (described under
"Mercury") and for chronic fevers with enlarged spleen
Jvarasani Rasa (see "Mica") are recommended. For rheu-
matism and gout, Sarveshvar Rasa containing sulphur, mer-
cury, copper, iron, cinnabar, etc., is used as an alterative. Dose
is 2 to 4 grains. In meningitis arid fevers complicated with
cerebral symptoms, Panchavaktra Rasa containing purified
:mercury, aconite, sulphur, black pepper, borax and dhatura
j u i c e in equal parts, is administered. Dose is 4 grains. Along
^with these pills a decoction of the root of Calotropis gigantea
^with the addition of long pepper, black pepper and ginger is
Tecommended to be taken. Sulphur is often an excellent in-
tercurrent remedy in involuntary and too quick discharge of
semen, in impotency, in weakness of black and threatening
paralysis.

54. TALCUM PURIFICATION (Creta Gallica Purificata)

Sans.—Abhra. Eng.—Powdered Talc; Purified Talc;
Muscovy glass; Mica; Glimmer; Purified French chalk. Pers.
•& Duk.—Talk. Arab.—Kabubul-ars. Hind.—Avrak. Guj.
& Mah.—Hingool. Tayn.—Appracam. Sink.—Kin. Can. &
Kon.—Bhinga.
There are four varieties.—^White (pinaka), red (naga),
yellow (manduka), and black (vajra), of these, the black
124 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

variety (Vajrabhra, Krishnabhra or Sheabhra) is used irt

medicine.
Source.—Chiefly found in mountains. In India it is.
found chiefly in the districts of N^Uore and Hazaribagh and
in the hills of the Central Provinces and Rajputana. It
occurs in a natural state either as an essential constituent of
igneous rocks or as a product of mineral silicates by weather-
ing or contact.
Characters.—A kind of crystalline mineral, of a foliated
texture capable of being divided into extremely thin flakes."
or leaves, having a sensible elasticity and a metallic lustre.
The flakes are transparent, soft and can easily b e scratched.
When divided across, the plates seem rather to tear than break..
Constituents.—Mica is a rock forming mineral. It is jai
silicate of aluminium together with alkalies and basic hydro-
gen— (Jour, of Ayur. July 1924). It contains 4 to 6 p.c. of
water existing as basic hydrogen or as hydroxyl replacing,
fluorine.
Purification & Preparations.—"Mica the layers of which<
can be easily separated (by knife) is preferred" (Rasaratna
Samucchaya). It is purified by boiling it in the depoction of
Triphala or .of dried plums for a long, time and roasting or
calcining it over a fire alternately, .soaking it in the juice of
lemons till the scales are separated. The calcined scales a r e
ultimately mixed with the paste of Amaranthus polygamus
and finally dried. Or it is first heated and washed, in milk..
The plates are then separated and soaked in the juice of Ama-
ranthus polygamus and Kanjika for eight days. Talc thus
purified is reduced to powdei- by being rubbed with paddy
within a thick, piece of cloth, when the powdered talc passes
through the pores of cloth in fine particles and is collected for
use. Talc thus reduced to powder is called Dhanyabhra. It
i.s hard, heavy, very fine, black and of saline earthy taste. It
is prepared for medicinal use by being mixed with cow's:
urine and exposed to a high degree of heat within a closed
crucible, repeated for a hundred times. Sometimes the pro-
cess is repeated a thousand times. When this is the case the
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 125

preparation is called Sahasraputi Abhra and sold at high

:price. Some soak it in the juice of Cailotropis gigantea in-
.stead of cow's urine, before calcining. It is of superior effi-
cacy. Ayurvedists believe that burning and pulverising re-
peatedly of the minerals produce a "potency" or peculiar
molecular change in these and add to the therapeutic value
of the product. Dhanyabhra or Talc powder consists of Sili-
cate of magnesia with iron in excess. Abhra bhasma is pre-
pared by heating together Dhanyabhra 1 part and borax 2
parts and triturating the whole in milk and evaporating. It is
.generally given with Lohabhasma. Dose is 2 to 5 grains.
Abhra Kalka (emulsion) is prepared by mixing together
Abhra bhasma, emeblic myrobalan, ginger, pepper, long pep-
_per and Vavadinga in equal parts, reducing the whole to a uni-
J o r m mass and then adding honey. Dose is 10 to 40 grains.
Action.—^Mica is a disinfectant to some extent, but is
seldom used as such. According to Rosenheim and Ehrmann
(Deut. Med- Woch, 20, Jan. 1910)) aluminium silicate when
taken into the stomach, reacts with the excess of hydrochloric
•acid'in the gastric juice to form silicic acid and, aluminium
chloride, the latter acting as. a protective to the gastric mucosa
in a manner similar to bismuth. It will be interesting to see
whether prepared mica which is also a silicate has any such
in the stomach as it has always been found useful in acid
dyspepsia and gastric, ulcer, e.g., Vidyadharabhra^^iJour. of
Ayur., J uly 1924). Silicilic acid is present in various percent-
-ages from 0.81 p.c. down to a trace, in the muscle, liver,
.spleen, lymph and intercellular fluid and also found in the
various excreta—urine, faeces and sweat. Mica being, a sili-
'Cate its action as a therapeutic agent can thus be surmised.
Reduced mica is described in Ayurveda as a general tonic and
•alterative: It is said to stimulate metabolic activity of tissue
cells generally. I t is also used as aphrodisiac. Reduced mica
removes the derangement of the tridoshas and establishes their
•equipoise. Dhanyabhra is tonic and aphrodisiac. Generally
the preparations of Mica are astringent, tonic aphrodisiac and
alterative. Abhra Kalka is alterative and restorative.
Uses.—Abhra Bhasma is given in anaemia, jaundice,
•chronic diarrhoea and dysentery, nervous • debility, chronic
126 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

fever, enlarged spleen, urinary diseases, impotence etc.; also

in dyspepsia, asthma, hectic fever, and consumption; and iix
cachexia due to long continued discharges from fistulae,
abscesses, gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea etc., it may be given with
honey and pipali with benefit. As an astringent it is largely
used in diarrhoea, especially of nervous origin. As an alter-
ative it is used in enlargement of glands. Dose is 2 to 6 grains
generally with honey, twice a day. In phthisis or tuberculosis,
it is given in doses of 2 to 3 grains, twice daily either with a
little honey or w^ith honey and some vehicle as the fresh juice
of Vasaka or with the fresh juice of the ripe fruits of Cactus
grandiflora. The mica supplies silica to the connective tissue
cells and thus helps them to form defensive barrier around ^he
tubercles or the pus-forming bacteria. In asthma, reduced
mica is given with the juice of Vasaka. In intestinal worms,
reduced mica is given with seeds of Embelia ribes and a tea-
spoonful of clarified butter. In cases of biliousness and
jaundice it is prescribed with sugar and milk. In gonorrhoea,
it is given with honey and powdered peepul and turmeric 12
grains per dose. In chronic spermatorrhoea, it is given with
the juice of gulancha a n d cane sugar. In anemia and chlorosis,
it is given in combination with iron (LoTia hhasma); in scurvy
it is administered with Jioney and lemon juice. In rheumatism
reduced mica is given with a decoction prepared from ginger,
root-bark of Aplotaxis auriculata, Clerodendron siphonanthus
and Withania somnifera each J tola and water 8 ounces, re-
duced by boiling to 2 ounces, which is quite sufficient -as an
usual dose for an adult. In farunculosis and cancer, reduced
mica is prescribed with Senevieria zeylanica. In piles, re-
duced mica is given with the peduncles of the ripe fruit of
Semicarpus anacardium. Ahhraka Kalka is given to improve
digestion and in seminal debility. In chronic faver and en-
larged spleen Jvarasani Rasa is recommended, in Bhaisajya-
ratnavah. It is prepared thus:—Take of mercury, sulphur,,
rock salt, aconite and copper, one part each, prepared iron and
talc, five parts each, rub together with the juice of Vitex ne-
gundo leaves, then add one part of black pepper and make into
two-grain pills. They are administered with the juice of betel
leaves. In chronic diarrhoea and indigestion the same recom-
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 12T

mends Agnikumara Rasa and it is prepared thus.—^Take of

mercury, sulphur, borax, iron, aconite, ginger, long pepper,
black pepper, ajoivan and opium each one part, prepared talc
ten parts, rub together for three hours with the decoction of
Plumbago rosea and make into pills of the size of black pep-
pers. In loss of appetite, disinclination for food, dyspepsia,
vomiting, urinary diseases, anasarca and debiUty, Sulachana-
ynritahhra is prescribed in Rasendrasarasangraha. It is thus
prepared:—Take of prepared talc 3 tolas, rub it with 8 tolas
each of the fresh juice or decoction of the following drugs,
viz., pulp of Ziziphus jujuba, Chavica officinarum, root of
Andropogon muricatus, pomegranate fruit, lemon juice, em-
eblic myrobalan and Gxalis comiculata, and make into pills,
about 6 grains each. This is tonic, alterative and aphrodisiac.
The preparation called Kandarpa humardbhra is very similar
to the above in composition. In convulsions, hemicrania and
neuralgia, pills called hahshminarayen Rasa, the chief ingredi-
ents of which are- Ahhraka bhasma, Rasasindura, aconite,
Katuki and bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica, have been
used. These were tried and found to be useful in reducing the-
temperature and causing diaphoresis in remittent and inter-
mittent fevers. IDose is 1 to 3 pills every three hours during
fever—(Ind. Drugs Report, Madras). In disorders of t h e
urine, pills called Harisankara Rasa prepared by soaking p r e -
pared talc in the juice of emeblic myrobalans seven times in
the course of a week and made into two-gi'ain pills, is recom-
mended in _ the same. The same prescribes for heart disease,
pills called Arjunahhra,^ which are prepared by soaking some
prepared talc in the juice of the bark of Terminalia arjuna
seven times and. dividing the mass into two-grain pills; arjuna
bark being considered a specific for this complaint. In phthisis
and chronic bronchitis, four-grain pills called Sringarabhra
recommended in Sarakaumudi are used. They consist of
prepared talc, purified sulphur, mercury, camphor and a^ num-
ber of stimulant, aromatic and expectorant vegetable drugs.
Dose is one pill chewed with betel leaves and ginger followed
by a little water and taken three or four times daily. The
diet should consist of ghee, milk and bi-oth. For asthma ac-
companied with fever Brihat Chandramrita Rasa, containing
 128 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

mica and iron, mercury, sulphur, gold, copper, camphor and

a number of vegetable drugs and prepared in honey, is recom-
mended. In Vayu-kapha variety of "Swasa" with fever and
phlegm in chest, Jwarasani Lauha or Mahaswasaari Lauha
(described under "Ferrum") is given. The former contains
besides mica and iron, mercury and sulphur, rock salt, aconite,
copper, black pepper and Vitex negundo. Besides these there
•are other allied preparations containing Mica viz., Jvarari
•ahhra, Dameswer abhra, Brihat Kanchanahhra, Kalyansunder
ahhra etc., which are useful in these complaints, under differ-
ent conditions. For general debiUty, impotence etc., Maha-
lakshmivilasa Rasa (see "Argentum") is recommended. An-
other preparation of similar composition and called Manynatha-
hhra Rasa is also used for the same complaints. Vishag-
bhushan Kaviraj A. C. Bisharad mentions (Jour, of Ayur.
Aug. 1925) a case of paralysis of tongue in an old lady of 80
rendering her unable to utter a single word, and which was
given u p by her attending Doctor, rapidly cured by him under
the treatment of LaksJiTnihilas Rasa internally and for external
application in the whole region of the tongue and the throat,
of the concentrated extract of the leaves of wild fig tree
(Audumbar). Lakshynibilas Rasa is composed of reduced mica
and sulphide of mercury 8 tolas each, camphor 4 tolas, seeds
of Gmelina asiatica, of datura, of Cannabis indica, Ipomaeia
•digitata. Asparagus racemosus, roots of Sida spinosa and Sida
cordifolia (yellow variety), seeds of Tribulus terrestris and
Eugenia acutangula 2 tolas each, finely pulverised, well mixed
and the whole soaked with the juice of betel leaves and
rubbed well in a stone mortar for days together so as to re-
duce it to a pill-mass, which is divided into pills of 6 grains
each, dried-well and preserved in a glass-stoppered bottle. This
medicine allays many serious and complicated conditions. In
small-pox with high fever, delirium and severe pain in the
sides etc., Kastur hhusan (described under Hydrargyrum) is
administered with honey and paste of Rudraksha. In leprosy
with ulceration of the toes and fingers, Galithkusthuri Rasa
described in Bhavaprakash is given. It is made of prepared
talc and the seeds of Pongamia glabra 4 parts each, mercury,
sulphur, prepared copper and iron, bdellium, plumbago root,
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 129

silajit, nuxvomica and triphala each 1 part, rubbed together

with honey and ghee and preserved in an earthqn pot smeared
with ghee. Dose is about a drachm. The diet should consist
•of fine rice, milk, sugar and honey. The patient must-live
apart from his wife. Ahhra hhasm,a with iron, and silajit
basmam prepared with a number of vegetable drugs added,
has been extolled as a specific for diabetes mellitus. This has
been referred to under Silajit (Asphalt) which see. Dr.
Koman used Abhra bhasma (calcined 100 times), or Saixi-
Putabhrakam. (i.e. the black ore containing impure mica,
which is burnt down 100 times at a very high temperature,
so as to form aii atomised powder), in four cases of diabetes
mellitus, in doses of 2 to 6 grains morning and evening (twice
a day) with honey, say, half a teaspoonful before food. In all
cases of diabetes mellitus he says there was a gradual dimi-
nution in the quantity oi sugar eliminated in the urine and
the patients gained strength.—(Ind. Drugs Report, Madras).
'The following additional remedies containing talc are useful
in various complaints:—(1) Abhraka bhasm^am 2 grains and
Triphala churnam 20 grains mixed together, and divided into
12 doses, and each powder-dose given every 4 hours with
plenty of honey, to patients suffering from diabetic abscess,
have found great relief. (2) Take of AbJiraka bhasma 2,
Para kajali 2, Balsamodendron mukul 4, fecula of Cocculus
cordifolia 8, and Tribulus terrestris 5 parts. Mix, then add
the juice of Vitex negundo and Cocculus cordifolia. Macerate
well, and dry. Dose is 2 to 4 grains with the decoction of
long-pepper; used in rheumatism. (3) Take of Abhraka
bhasma 3, sulphur 2, Croton seeds 2, borax 2 parts. Mix and
triturate in the juice of Citrus limonum. Make a pill mass.
Dose is 3 to 5 grains with rice conjee; used in intestinal worms,
colic, etc. (4) Take of Abhraka bhasma, Para kajali, Man-
dura (Ferri peroxidum) equal parts. Mix and macerate the
whole in the juice of Asparagus racemosus. Dry the paste
over a sand bath. Dose is 1 to 3 grains with black pepper and
sugarcandy; used in consumption, fevers, etc. The virtues of
the Sweta or white variety of mica are highly extolled as be-
ing of greater efficacy in eye-diseases, so much so that a grain
-or two of this preparation taken, daily for some length of time
9
 130 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

is said to endow the blind with sight! The process of r e -

ducing white mica is thus:—Take 12 tolas of white mica and
purify it by soaking in cow's urine for 7 days. Then having
dried it, heat it in lire and gradually soak it in (1) Mansha-
Kshir (milk of Euphorbia neriifolia); (2) Bata-kshir (milk of
banian tree); (3) Arka Kshir (milk of Calotropis gigentea)
seven times each. Then dry it and soak in vinegar for 40 days,,
after which it should be taken out and rubbed and pulverised.
Mix this powder with i tola mercury (previously purified b y
treating with slaked lime) and flower of Acacia arabica 1 tola
and rub till well mixed and prepare small cakes and again,
soak in vinegar in a stone mortar rubbing daily for three con-
secutive days. When it assumes the required consistency pre-
pare into small cakes, dry them in t h e sun and b u m i n a
covered crucible (Gajaputa). This process of soaking in vinfe-
gar and burning should be repeated thrice when the white
mica is reduced. Then correct this in the usual process of
Amritikaran, before it is ready for use. The following is the
process for A-mritikaran or final "vitalization"—The reduced'
powder 1 seer, cow's ghee 24 ounces and the decoction of the
Triphala or the three myrobalans one and a half seer should
be gently boiled together in an iron pot. When the watery
portion is evaporated, let it cool. When dried and pulverised
this becomes ready for use. Dose—i to 2 grains daily with
honey and the decoction of the three myrobalans.—(Jour, of
Ayur.).

55. ZINCUM
Sans.—Yashada; Tuttinaga. En^.—Spelter or impure com-
mercial zinc; zinc-ore. Hind-—Jasta. Ben.—Dasta. Guj.—Jasad.
Duk.—^Jas. Tarn.—Tutandgam. Tel.—Tuttunagam. Can.—
Sattu. Mai.—Nagam; Tambaga-putch. KOTO.—^Tambaku.
Chinese.—Tutenague.
Source.—Never occurs free in Nature, but exists variously
combined with elements to form salts. It exists combined
with oxygen as red oxide, with carbon as an impure carbonate,,
with sulphur as sulphide or sulphuret (Blende) or with Silica
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 131

as silicate. It is obtained by subliming carbonate or oxide of

zinc with charcoal.
Characters.—It is a bluish-white metal of a granulated
crystalline structure with considerable lustre soluble in the
weakest acids. It is ductile, malleable and can be drawn into
wires or rolled into sheets. Melted zinc on cooling becomes
brittle and may then be reduced to powder. The fused mass
if dropped into water, forms granular zinc. P u r e zinc becomes
tarnished by exposure to air. When melted with copper it
forms an alloy known as Brass.
Purification.—It is purified and reduced to powder in the
same way as tin.
Action & Uses.—These are similar to those of Vanga
hhasma or Tin powder. Ziric bhasvuL is useful in eye diseases,
various forms of debility, urinary disorders, anaemia and
asthma. "Zinc Bhasmam has a great reputation in Northern
Circars as an effective remedy in cases of infantile biliary cir-
rhosis. The course of treatment usually to be adopted is as
follows:—Rasnadi Tailam 1 oz:—^a teaspoonful to be given with
fresh ginger swarasain extracted as, follows:—(1) Take fresh
raw ginger, Gr. 30. Extract a teaspoonful of fresh juice by
adding the required quantity of water. Add half a teaspoon-
ful of honey. Give the powder made of Zinc Bhasmam Gr. 1
and Anandahhairavi Gr. 1 along with the swarasam thus pre-
pared. Give the same powder in the evening with honey,
.^fter a week when the patient improves, give the Tailam and
ginger swarasam every alternate day only continuing the
powder morning and evening, with honey".— (Dr. A. Lakshmi
Pathi).

56. ZINCI CARBONAS

(Sans.—^Kharpara; Rasaka; Kharpara-tuttha. Erig.—Cala-
mine; Carbonate of zinc; Zinc subcarbonate; Zinc carbonate.
Hind.—^Kala khaparo. Guj.—^Khapario. Bom.—Sang-i-basari)
is prepared by calcining native Calamine (zinc sulphate and
carbonate) and reducing it to powder. It is an impalpable
powder; found in the bazaar as a fine, greyish-black and porous
 132 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

earthy mass, composed of agglutinated granules, very brittle,

odorless, tasteless, insoluble in water, soluble in dilute sul-
phuric acid with effervescence. In shape it resembles pieces of
broken white clay-pipes. Chemically it was found to consist
of carbonate and silicate of zinc with traces of other metals
as iron, baryta etc. It is used as a dusting powder. Kharpa/ra
hhasma, is prepared by taking equal parts of Calamine, lac, tur-
meric, haradan, ral and borax, finely powdering them and then
heating the mass over a fire till reduced to ashes. Dose is i to
2 grains. A compound kharpara powder or Jvararasa or
bang-i-rasa is prepared by taking Calamine, prepared mercury,
orpiment, copper sulphate, borax and sulphur equal parts and
reducing them to powder. Dose is i to 1 grain. Karpara
Anjana is prepared by adding calamine to decoction of triphala
and stirring and then adding sulphate of copper, rock salt and
borax, mixing well, drying over a sand bath, and adding when
dry, one-tenth part of powdered camphor and mixing intimate-
ly. It is used as a coUyrium in eye diseases. Vaidyas use ca-
lamine as a nervine tonic and alterative like oxide or carbo-
nate of zinc. The compound powder is used in syphilis, scro-
fula, skin-diseases, etc. Calamine is one of the chief ingre-
dients in the preparation known as Suvarna Vasanta Malti
(see under "Aurum") which is used with honey and long
pepper, in chronic fever, gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea etc. As an
ointment or as dusting powder it is soothing, protective and
astringent, used as an application to abrasions and to inflamed
skin; it is used as a lotion with mercuric bichloride (one-sixth
grain to' each ounce of lotion) for eczema and acne.

57. ZINCI OXIDUM; ZINC OXIDE

(Eng.—^White zinc; flowers of zinc. Pers.—Tutia; Jist.

Hind.—-Putty, Guj.—Jasata bhasma; Jasata-na-phula) is a
soft, white, tasteless and inodorous powder, changing to pale
yellow by heat. It is prepared by oxidising and roasting car-
bonate of zinc. It is insoluble in water, soluble without effer-
vescence in dilute acids and in ammonia water. It is exter-
nally niild, soothing, astringent and desiccant. It is dusted over
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 133

as powder in eczema, impetigo, excoriations, 4)ed.-sQres and

cracked nipples, or applied as ointment to wounds, burns, vesi-
cular eczema, chronic skin diseases etc. Internally it acts as
a nervine tonic, sedative antispasmodic and astringent. It has
a specific control over epilepsy, cholera and other spasmodic
diseases as whooping cough, asthma, hysteria, dipsomania etc.
It is a good remedy to check profuse sweating. For its astrin-
gent property it is given in bronchorrhea, and in colliquative
sweats of phthisis. Dose is 2 to 6 grains. A preparation called
Tutanag pashan is given in gonorrhea, leucorrhoea and sper-
matorrhoea with benefit. With Jatamansi it is given in epi-
lepsy with good results.

58. ZINCI SULPHAS

(Eng.—Sulphate of zinc; zinc sulphate; White Vitriol;
White Copperas. Pers.—Suffed)
 THE

INDIAN MATERIH MEDICA

PART m

ANIMAL KINGDOM

I. ACHATINA FULICA
(Eng.—Land snail. Bom.—Nakhala). Shell is used for
preparing medicated oil.

2. *A"CIPENSEK HUSO LINN, or A. STELLATUS

(Class—^Pisces:—Fishes).
Eng.—Sturgeon's air bag or Swimming bladder; Isinglass
•or IcnthyocoUa prepared from it. Bom.—Aisinglasa. Arab.—
Gerius Samak. Hind. & Duk.—Machhika-Siras. Pers.—Sera-
sham-e-Mahi. Tarn.—Minvajaram. Tel.—Cheppu vajaram.
Malay.—^Palog-pongikan; Ari-ikan.
Japanese or Chinese isinglass is known as Agar Agpr.
*Aci—swift. Pinna—wing or fin. Huso—A bladder from
Huyzen bias. The swimming bladder is so called as by its
expansion and contraction these fishes swim. It contains oxy-
;gen and nitrogen.
Parts used.—The swimming bladder or sound found in
•front of the abdomen of several species of Sturgeons prepared
and cut into fine shreds called Isinglass. American isinglass
obtained from Gadus Marluccitcs (Hakefish) and from Otoli-
thus regalis (weak-fish) occurs in thin sheets or ribboii.s.
Characters.—^It is white, inodorous and very light. It is a
kind of gelatin, but it is insoluble in cold water. An aqueous
solution of 1 in 32 of boiling water forms on cooling a good,
transparent, hard jelly.
136 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Constituents.—In composition it is similar to albumen; it

contains pure gelatin, an insoluble membrane 5 to 30 per cent
and ash 0.5 per cent. It is a constituent of animal tissue,,
chiefly of bones.
Action & Uses.—It is highly nutritious, demulcent and
emollient. Mixed with starchy food and with soups it is given
in chronic diarrhoea in children and for invalids. As an emol-
lient a plaster of isinglass, -made of isinglass 10, alcohol 40, gly-
cerin 1 part and hot water, is applied on one side of the cloth
for cuts and abrasions.
Animal gielatin is obtained fi-om gelatinous tissues such as
skin, tendons, ligaments, cartilages of bones etc. It is prepared
by boiling these tissues in water and drying the resulting jelly
in the air; it forms translucent sheets, layers or shreds. It dis-
solves in hot water and solidifies into a jelly oh cooling; it is
insoluble in alcohol or ether. It contains carbon 50 p . c , nitro-
gen 18, hydrogen 7, oxygen 24 and sulphur 0.5 p.c. It is, used*
as Calf's feet jelly; it is a basis for suppositories, pessaries, pills,
lozenges etc.
Chondrin is obtained from the cartilages of the ribs and
other non-ossifying cartilages and is analogous to gelatin. It
is used as emollient, nutritive and protective. The watery so-
lution of its jelly is precipitated by alum acetate of lead, ferric
salts, acetic and mineral acids but not by tannin and mercuric
chloride.

3. ACRIDOTHERES GINGINIANUS
Lath., is a bird; {Eng.—Bank-Myna. Sans.—^Atipakshi;
Saral-pakhi. Ben.—Gang-salik; Ramsalik. Bom.—Bagali-
pakshina). Flesh is beneficial in 'vitiated wind and cough'.
Action:—Cardiac and stimulant.

4. ADEPS
(N. O.:—Sus serofa; Family:—Suidae).
Eng.—Lard; purified internal fat of the hog. Indian
Bazaars.—Charbee.
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI •& HOME REMEDIES 13T

Source.—Fresh fat of the abdomen of the pig, especially

the fat over the mesentery, omentum and kidneys of blood and"
its external membranes.
Preparation & Purification.—It is first exposed to the air,
then cut into thin slices, beaten in a mortar and reduced to a
uniform mass. It is then put into a vessel surrounded by-
water and heated till the fat melts and separates from the
membranous matter; it is then strained. To remove the nau-
seous odour, alum 15 grains and common salt 30 grains is added'
to every pound of the lard.
Characters.—It is a soft white unctuous mass of a faint
odour, bland taste and neutral reaction. It dissolves entirely in
ether, benzin and bisulphide of carbon^
Constituents.—Olein about 60 per cent, and palmitin,.
margarin, and stearin total about 40 per cent.
Uses.—It is used for preparing benzoated lard which con-
tains lard incorporated in benzin powder 3 p.c. and which is.
employed for preparing ointments. Lard oil (Oleum Adepis)
is obtained by expressing the fixed oil from lard at a low tem-
perature when the stearin becomes separated from the olein;
it is often adulterated with cotton oil and paraffin oil. Some-
times it is used in the preparation of nitrate of mercury oint-
ment. -

5. ADEPS LANAE
(N. O.:—Ovisaries; Family:—Bovidae).
(Eng.—Anhydrous wool fat) is a purified cholesterin—fat
of sheep's wool; also found in human skin, hair, feathers of"
fowls and various parts of other animals. For further parti-
culars see B. P. & Extra Pharmacopoeia.

6. ADEPS LANAE HYDROSUS

(Eng'.—Hydrous wool fat; lanolin; agnin) is a yellowisK
white unctuous mass. It is not miscible with glycerin, but.
 138 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

miscible with water. It contains lanolin, cholesterin, palmitic^

stearic, oleic, and valerianic acids and ash. It is emollient; has
a great affinity for the skin. It is better for ointments if mixed
with an equal part of soft paraffin. It is a good application for
excoriation of the mouth, nose, anus etc., also for burns
and scalds. For further uses etc., see B.P. and Extra Pharma-
copoeia.

7. AEGITHINA TIPfflA, Linn.

(Eng. Common-Iora). See Clamator jacobinug, Bodd.

8. AGAMA AGILIS
See:—Lacerfa agilis.

9. ALBUMEN
See:—Gallus Bankiva.

10. ALECTORIS GRAEA, Meisner

(Sans.—Upachakra. Ben.—Chakor). Flesh is astringent,
.generative of strength and stomachic.

11. AMBRA GRASEA

(Sans.—Amber-Sugandah. Eng.—Ambergris. Arab. Hind.
Ben. Bom. Mah. & Kon.—Amber. Pcrs.—Mushk-amper;
Shahabula. Guj.—Ambara. Tarn.—Mrnumber. Sink.—Mus
Sumbra. Burm.—^Payen-anbhat) is a morbid excretion con-
tained in the intestines or caecum of the sperm-whale. It is in
the form of a concrete mass found floating on the Red Sea or
cast on the shores of Africa. A single whale's excretion has
•been found to weigh 750 lbs. It is opaque, seldom white, often
'darkish brown, ashy-coloured or grey or of a pink colour. The
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 139

odour is peculiarly fragrant, resembling that of musk; it is

nearly tasteless. It melts in hot water_, bu^t not in cold; soluble
in ether, fats, volatile oils and hot alcohol. It contains am-
brein 85 per cent, a little of balsamic extractive and ash. It is
stimulant, antiseptic, and antispasmodic; used in general weak-
ness, epilepsy, spasms and nervous debility; also given in high
fevers with insensibility or delirium and in the collapse stage
of cholera, plage and other infectious diseases. Dose is 5 to
15 grains; used as a confection. Used for mixing with per-
fumes.

12. ANABAS SCANDENS, Daldorf.

See—Fishes.

13. ANIMAL FLESH

Sanskrit writers divide flesh into two classes, namely
Jangla or land, and Anupa or water animals:—Anwpa mansa
(flesh of Anupa animals) is said to be "sw^et, soothing, heavy
of digestion, demulcent, fattening, checking appetite, phlegma-
tic, excitive of wind (vata) and generative of flesh"—(N. N.
Sen Gupta). Animals living on land are sub-divided into eight
orders as follows:—Jangla or animals living in the wilderness
as deer, antelopes etc. The meat of Jangla animals is broad-
ly speaking sweet and astringent causing slight constipation.
It is light, easy of digestion, strengthening and appetizing,
checking tridosha and increasing vitality.
Vilastha, or animals living in holes underground as- ser-
pents, lizards, porcupines etc.—Meat of such animals checks
Vayu, is sweet to taste, heaty, increases pitta, is strengthening,
lessens excretion of urine and faeces. Guhasaya or animals
living in caverns, as tigers, lions, bears, etc.—Meat of such ani-
mals checks Vayu, is difficult of digestion, strengthening, some-
what good for those suffering from eye and rectal diseases.
Pamamriga or animals living on trees, as monkeys, squirrels,
etc.—Meat of such animals stimulaH;es vitality, is good for eyes.
 140 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

promotes flow of urine and faeces and is good in certain r e s -

piratory diseases and piles. Vishkira or birds which take their
food after tearing or scattering it, as fowls, peacocks, quails,
partridges, etc;—Meat of such birds is sweet and astringent,
cooling, easy of digestion, strengthening, checks tridoshas and
is very good. Pratuda or birds which strike with their beaks, as
pigeons, wag-tails, cuckoos, etc.—Meat of such birds is simi-
lar to those of Vishkira, except that it increases Vayu, but
checks Kapha and Pitta. Prasaha or birds of prey, as 4he
hawk, falcon etc.—The meat of such birds is very heaty, d e r a n -
ges pitta, induces acidity and diseases like ulcers and sinuses,
general weakness and even insanity. Grarwya or domestic
animals, as ox, goat, horse, sheep, etc.--The meat of such ani-
_ mals relieves flatulence, produces kapha and pitta, nourishes,
"is sweet in .taste, non-acidifying in reaction, stimulating and
enhancing metabolism—(Susruta).
Animals living in water or marshy lands are subdivided
into five classes as follows:—Kulechara, or animals grazing
in marshes, as buffalo, yak, rhinoceros, etc.—Meat of such ani-
mals checks vayu and pitta, is strengthening, vitalising, sweet,
cooling and soothing, increases kapha and promotes urinary
secretion. Plava, or birds which swim in water, as geese,
ducks, cranes, etc.—Meat of such birds checks pitta, is soothing,
heavy of digestion but cooling, stimulates secretion, of faeces,,
strengthening and vitalising, increases Vayu and Kapha.
Kosastha, or animals enclosed in shells, as conch-shells,
bivalve-shells, etc.—Meat of such animals is sweet and sooth-
ing, cooling, strengthening, vitalising, increases faecal refuse,
checks Vayu & Pitta. Padina, or footed aquatic animals as tcfr-
toise, crocodile etc.—Meat of such animals is similar to that of
Kosastha. Matsya, or fishes:—Meat of fish is soothing, b u t
heating after digestion, increases Kapha and Pitta and checks
Vayu. It is strengthening, vitalising and palatable and <is
specially soothing to alcoholics, good for sensuous individuals
having strong digestion.

Of these classes, Jangla and Vishkira are considered

superior to the others in an alimentary point of view. Flesh
of the goat, domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus—flesh is
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 141

stimulant, demulcent, cardiac stimulant, nutritious and gene-

rative of semen; beneficial in disturbance of the three humours,
phthisis, vomiting and remittent fever), peacock and partridge
is easily digested and suited to the sick and convalescent. The
flesh of the francoline (see—Francolinus pondicerianus), part-
ridge (Titir). Flesh of the white variety is astringent, refri-
gerant, demulcent, easily digestible, constipating, cardiac sti-
mulant; used to improve memory, alleviative of the Tridoshas.
Beneficial in cough, phthisis, fever, epistaxis and hiccup. (N.N.
Sen Gupta). Pigeon's flesh is demulcent, tonic, cardiac, nu-
tritious. Used in constipation, beneficial in phlegm, bile, vitia^
ted blood and wind, leprosy, and is prohibited in jaundice.
Plesh of peacock (Nila-mayura) is "excitive of wind, cardiac,
tonic, generative of memory, beneficial in the diseases of wind,
-ear-diseases and eye-diseases. The egg is sweet, cardiac and
highly beneficial in loss of semen, heart-diseases and ulcers".—
(N, N. Sen Gupta). Soup made from birds' meat (white
meat) or from meat of deer is a diet in chronic cases of en-
larged liver and spleen. Meat soup of deer and other wild ani-
mals (to replace the tissue waste, e.g., albumen in the dis-
charge) is a diet for fistula in ano, when there is no fever.
Meat of the deer, sambar, .hare, quail and partridge is recom-
mended for habitual use. Fish, beef and pork are considered
hard to digest and unsuited for daily use. "Beef is very heavy
and difficult of digestion, is soothing but excites Pitta and
Kapha, checks Vayu, is strengthening, good in cough, chronic
wasting fevers, disease of the nose, catarrh, phthisis, dyspepsia
where there is a morbid craving for food, very suitable food
for people of active habits and not suitable in any other season
except winter.— (Charaka). From the above it is evident
that the ancient Hindus used to take beef when they came
from Central Asia. (Dr- Ashutosh Roy in the Journal of
Ayurveda; Feb. 1926).

• Flesh of various animals is used in medicine chiefly in the

form of ghrita or taila paka. Following is a list of the more
important and commonly used ghritas and oils made with the
flesh of different animals:—Haiisadi ghrita, prepared with the
flesh of geese, and used in cephalalgia and nervous diseases.
 142 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Kukkutadi ghrita, prepared with the flesh of fowls, and used'

in chronic cough. Siva ghrita, prepared with jackal's flesh
and used in insanity. Chagaladi or Chagaladya ghrita, pre-
pared with goat's meat and used in nervous diseases. Meat
soup is contra-indicated after "Pitta" or "Vayu-Pitta" causing
diarrhoea. When indicated, the meat recommended is that of
game birds like partridge, "Lava", "Gonshi" and wild animals
like deer and rabbit. Meat-juice is advised for diet in "vayu"
variety and "kapha" variety of "Arsa" (piles). Meat^soup' of
•jungly animals is a diet in piles. Sambukadi taila is an oil
prepared with the flesh of snails and used externally in ear
diseases. Nakuladya ghrita is prepared with the flesh of
mongoose and used in nervbus diseases.

The following are two illustrations of preparations with

animal flesh:—Chagaladya ghrita: Take of goat's meat (see
Capra-aegagrus, i.e., goat whose flesh is nourishing, cardiac and
stimulant) 64 seers, the ten drugs called dasamula Q^ seers in
all, water 64 seers; boil till the latter is reduced to one-fourth
and strain. Take of clarified butter, milk and the juice of
Asparagus racemosus 4 seers each; and the following sub-
stances in the form of a paste, namely, Tinospora cordifolia,
bamboo manna, Withania somnifera, Hemidesmus indicus,
berries called kakoli, bulbs called kshirakakoli, pulse of
Phaseolus trilobus, and of Glycine debilis, Caelogyne ovalis
(jivanti), and liquorice root, 1 seer in all; boil them together
and prepare a ghrita. This preparation is given in facial pai;a-
lysis, deafness, loss of voice or indistinct speech, convulsions,
hysteria, sciatica, paralysis and other diseases of the nervous
system. Masha taila:—^Take of goat's meat 8 seers, water 64
seers; boil together till the latter is reduced to 16 seers. Take
of the pulse of Phaseolus roxburghii, hnseed, barley, root of
Barleria prionites, and of Solanum jacquinii, Tl-ibulus terres-
tris, bark of Calosanthes indica, jatapisiiii root, seeds of
Mucuna pruriens, each 1 seer, water 64- seers; boil down to 16
seers. Take of cotton seeds, seeds of Crotolaria juncea, pulse
of Dolichos uniflorus, dried pulp '>,i Ziziphus jujuba, each 2
seers, water 64 seers; boil down to 16 seers. Take of ginger,
long pepper, dill seeds, root of Ricinus communis, of Boer-
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 143;

haavia diffusa, Poederia foetida, Vanda roxburghii, Sida cordi-

folia, Tinospora cordifolia, and Picrorrhiza kurroa, equal parts
in all 1 seer, and reduce them to a paste. Boil the above-
mentioned decoctions and the paste with 4 s^ers of sesamum
oil in the usual way. This oil is rubbed externally in convul-
sions, paralysis, wasting of limbs and other diseases of the
nervous system.—(Bhaishajyaratnavali). Testicles of a sheep-
or goat are boiled in cow's milk and sugar, prepared as
Payasam or Halwa, and given internally increases man's viri-
lity.— (Vatsyayana's Kamasastra). A man who eats sesamum
seeds prepared again and again in milk and cooked with the
testicles of a goat, or the two testicles of a goat prepared with
ghee and milk, together with salt and molasses, increases viri-
lity in him.— (Ratirahasya).

14. ANSER INDICUS, Lath.

(Eng.—Gander or Drake. Sans.—Hansa. Ben.—Hans.
Bom.—Ballaki). Flesh is stimulant, difficult to digest, demul-
cent, nutrient, phlegniatic, corrective of voice, alleviative of
'vayu'. Egg is stimulant, easily digestible, cardiac stimulant
and aphrodisiac. Flesh and eggs are beneficial in cough, heart
disease and ulcers.

15. ANTIGONE ANTIGONE, Linn.

(Eng.—Indian Crane. Sans.—Sarasa. Ben.—Saras).
Flesh is beneficial in diarrhoea and piles. Action:—^Flesh is
difficult to digest aed antibilious.

16. ANTILOPE CEBVICAPRA, Linn.

(Eng.—Indian antelope or Black Buck. Sans.—Enamriga.
Hind.—Farisail Harin). Flesh is astringent and stomachic.
Flesh is useful iri fever, ulcers, phthisis, piles, jaundice and
cough.
;i44 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

17. APIS MELLIFICA

A. indica; A. dorsata; A. florea, etc.—see also Mel.
Family:—Apidae—the hives or the honey bees belonging to
Hymenoptera class, are found in most parts of the Globe.
There are two medicinal products prepared by the bee. These
are:—Mel or honey, a saccharine secretion deposited by the
insect in the honey comb; and Cera or wax; (which see under
their respective heads).

18. ARDEOLA GRAYII, Sykee

{Eng.—Heron. Sans.—Krauncha. Ben.—Konch Bak).
Flesh is used in fever, phthisis, cough, oedema, loss of appetite,
^woon and stone in the bladder.

19. ARLUS ARIUS, Ham. & Buch.

{Eng.—Fish. Sans.—Ari-matsya. Ben.—Armach). Action.
—Demulcent, cardiac and stimulant. Flesh is difficult to digest;
improves memory, wind and phlegm.

20. ATHENE BRAMA INDICA

(Eng.—Owl. Sans.—Ulooka. Ben.—Pechak). Flesh is sti-
mulant, produces 'vayu', cholagogue. Useful in oedema, insa-
nity and loss of semen.

21. BALAENA *
{Eng.—Whale. Sans. & Ben,—Timi). Flesh is stimulant,
demulcent, difficult to digest, (constipating); induces dyspepsia, ~
and phlegm, and is a cardiac stimulant and carminative.

22. BEZOAR
(Eng.—Serpent stone; gall-stone. Pers.—^Hajaratalbaqr;
'Gaorohan. Hind. Ben. Mah. and Cuj—Gorochan. Tel.—
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 145

Gorochanamu. Tarn.—Gorochana) is a concretion found in the

stomach and in the gall-bladder ol an ox or cow and occurs as
light, yellowish or green, solid or spherical .concretions. In
Hindu medicine it is highly prized and extensively used. -Pose
is l/6th to l/4th grain. It is cooling, and aromatic. Prescribed
in miscarriage. Artificial bezoar is a substance made up of ox
.gall mixed with hair, wood, magnesia, phosphate of lime, pipe
clay, etc. For further information see Fel Bovis.

23. BIVALVE SHEL, belonging to MoUusca class

(Sans—Sukhali. Eng.—Chhip. Guj.—Chhipa) is a hard,
transparent, brilliant substance consisting of two halves joined
together, as in oyster-shells, of colour varying from white, red
or yellow to black. The shape is rhomboid and fan-like. Each
valve has its upper surface convex and under surface concave.
A preparation known as Chhipa hhasma (Chhip powder, puri-
fied) is prepared like Cowri bha^sma; its action and uses are
similar to those of Cowri hhasma, A paste made of Chhipa
hhasma 5, bisulphuret and trisulphuret of arsenic each 4 parts
and Sa^'jikharu 6 parts, is applied as a depilatory to remove
hair.

24. BOMBYX MORI, Moth. & B. Mylitta

(Eng.—-Silk-pod; r a w silk cocoon; silk worm-moth. Ger.
—Serikos. Arah.—Abre-shama. Ben.—^Pat. Duk.—^Reshm-ki-
keedi. Gu).—Resham-na-potan. Mah. & Kon.—Reshmi-chi-
Tieed. Tarn.—Putloo puchie.- Tel.—Puttoo purughu; Narputtio.
Can.—Reshmi-hula). The former are the worms which feed
on the leaves of Morus (Shetura). Those who feed on the
leaves of Rhamnus jujuba are known as Bombyx mylitta. The
cocoons or oval sacs are coverings spun by a group of silk
moths during their metamorphosis. Each moth is about an inch
long, half inch thick. Internally the sac contains dark-brown
dried remains of a caterpillar. The cocoon-ash is the prepara-
tion used in medicine. Dose is 3 to 10 grains. It is used as a
styptic, tonic and astringent, to check profuse menstruation,
10
146- THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

leucorrhoea and chronic diarrhoea. It is generally given in

combination with other astringents. The silk-pod is regarded
as an aphrodisiac, generally used in confection for eye diseases
and catarrh.

25. BOS BUBALUS, l i n n .

(Eng.—Buffalo. Sans.—Mahisha. Hind.—Bhais. Ben.—-
Mahish. Tarn.—^Dumaputu). Flesh is stimulant, demulcent,
difficult to digest, cardiac-stimulant. Milk is refrigerant, diffi-
cult to digest, demulcent, cardiac-stimulant, aphrodisiac, phleg-
matic and hypnotic.

26. BOS TAURUS, Linn.

(Sans.—Gau; Go; Gabhi. Eng.—Ox or Cow. Hind. Guj,
Mah. and Kon.—Bail or Gai. Ben.—Van; Go; Goru. Arab.
—Bakana. Burm.—Niva; Pyoung. Tarn.—Mada. Can.—
Etthhu; Dana) is an animal found in all parts of the world.
Different parts of this animal are used in medicine, viz.: Fel
Bovis; Fel Bovinum Purificatum; Lactus, etc., which see under
their respective heads. Fresh cowdung laved on the burnt p a r t s
alleviates the pain of burns and wounds; applied to a cut or a
bruise, it stops the bleeding and heals the wound. In cases of
pains in consequence of falls or wounds, plasters made of fresh,
cowdung heated on fire are applied with much benefit.

27, BUFO MELANOSHCUS

See:—RANA TIGRINA.

28. CAMELUS DROMODARIUS, Linn,

(Eng.—Camel. Sans.—Ustra. Hind.—^Ur. Ban.—^Ut) ,
For action and uses of Milk, Ghee, Urine, etc., see the respec-
tive sections.
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES W'

29. CAPRA-AEGAGRUS, Gmelin

(Eng.—Goat). See—Animal Flesh; Lactus; etc., Sections,
for action, uses, etc.

30. CARCHARODON CARCHABIUS, Linn.

(Ens-—Shark)..

31. CASTOREUM
(Class :—=-Rc)dentiia)
Sans.—Gendha. Eng.—Castor. Arab.—Ashbutchegan. Pers.—
Kundbadastar. Hind.—Gondabadustan; Jundo. Duk.—Gavad.
Guj.—Zanda-bidastara.. Tarn.—Kasturi munai. Tel.—Zanun;
Naru; Kukka-bejam. Mai.—Alu-Beeyum.
Source.—Dried preputial follicles and secretions from the
Beaver Castor fiber.
Parts Used.-^The concrete secretion from the dried pre-
putial follicles and secretions from the two sacs situated near
the anus.
Characters.—^It is a resinous product; when fresh it is of
flesh colour. After drying, it becomes brown or black. Its
odour is pungent and resembles that of cat's urine. The taste
is acid and bitter,
Constituents,—A volatile oil having carbolic acid 1 to 2
per cent, acrid bitter resin 15 to 58 p.c, crystalline substances
such as castorin, cholesterin and salicin.
Action & uses.^-It is a stimulant of the exhausted nerv-
ous system, and antiseptic. As an antispasmodic it is useful
in hysteria, epilepsy, asthma, muscular tremor and tynipanilia.
It has a specific influence over the uterus and is given as tinc-
ture in uterine colic, as aii emiiienagogue in amenorrhoea and
-dysmenorrhoea. It is weaker in action than musk, valerian,
camphor, ether on ammonia. Dose is half to one drachm in
powder or in pill.
 148 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

32. CATERIA LACCA or COCCUS LACGA;

TACHAKDIA LACCA
Sans.—Laksha. Eng.—Lac. Hind. Mah.- & Ko7i.—Lakh.
Ben.—Gala. Mai.—Laksha. Can.—Aragu; Laksha. Tarn.—
Kombarakku; Araku. Tel.—Laksha; Lacca; Lukkah. Guj.—
Lakha.
Source:—"Lac is a resinous substance usually of a red-
dish or dark-brown colour, with a disagreeable smell and
easily breakable with a cracking sound, deposited on the
twigs of trees such as the banyan, croton, acacia- and peepul,
b y a small insect called the "Carteria lacca". Writers are at
variance as to the formation of lac. Some state that the in-
.sects attack the young branches of the trees above mentioned
and fix themselves to the branches; the female insect after
oviposition is effected dies, giving out from her body a reddish
liquid which solidifies and forms a crust about an inch thick
round the branch attacked; others again affirm that the sting
of the insect affects the sap or gum of the trees, which forms
the lac. Another writer is of opinion that the. deposit is the
excreta of the insects".—(Manual of Jail Industries (1931),
Madras).

Origin of Lac:—"The minute Hemipterous insect

Tachardia Lacca lives upon the plant juices, sucked up by its
proboscis. In the adult state, the females have no power of
locomotion, but the males at attaining maturity', emerge from
their pupal cases, become possessed of a pair of long trans-
parent wings, and fly away to visit the females and shortly
after die. At two (in some cases three) seasons the swarming
•of the larvae takes place, viz: July and December or also
January. The larvae are seen to emerge from: the dead bodies
of the females, and to crawl away in quest of fresh feeding
grounds. They are then minute creatures of an orange-red
colour; have no responsible separation of body into head,
thorax and abdomen; have fully forrned feelers and powerful
/legs, but are devoid of any characteristics by which they can
"be separated into male and female. They measure about
l / 4 0 t h of an inch in size. For some days the swarming con-
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME .REMEDIES 143

finues until the twigs become distinctly reddish in colour and

literally alive. The vast majority, however, perish, the more
fortunate are wafted on the breezes or carried by the bees,
birds, squirrels, etc., or by their own exettions, to new situa-
tions. The larvae thus become fixed, and their legs, being
useless, drop off. t a s t l y , a resinous excretion begins to form
around their bodies, which by the aggregation of many, in
time assumes the condition of a more or less complete encrus-
tation of the twigs. If, at this stage, the encrus-
tation be cut open lengthwise, it will be seen to be of cellular
structure."—(Manual of Jail Industries, 1931, Madras).

In cold weather the branches of the lac plant (Laksha

taru) often swarm with the lac-insects and seem covered with
a red dust. The insects (female) produce small nipple-like
incrustation on the twigs, their bodies being apparently glued
together by a liquor which forms a cellular texture. The ani-
mal resembles a small laug. After a time the young ones
escape leaving empty cells on the branches. Stick lac is the
name given to the twigs encrusted with lac (the radiated cellu- ,
lar substance) that are collected from the trees. These twigs
are dried in the shade. The wood then shrinks, often leaving
the lac as hollow tubes, but some of the wood still adheres.
Various forms and sizes are given to stick lac. Thus when
the resinous concretion is taken off, the twigs broken, tritu-
rated and washed in water in mortar, the greater part of the
colouring matter is dissolved and the remaining granular mat-
ter is known as seed lac. In other words, seed lac is stick lac
crushed and reduced to roundish pieces that more or less cor-
respond to the female's cells. The dust produced when sift-
ing the seed lac is called "Kaud". Seed lac breaks off into
small particles. Grain seed-lac when melted over a fire and
squeezed through a piece of calico into troughs, spreads out
into thin glossy flakes known as shell lac, i.e., seed lac is
specially washed and bleached and mixed with a proportion
of arsenic and resin. This is put in bags and placed over a
fire. The lac is fused through the meshes of the bag. The
molten lac is spread out in sheet form and allowed to cool—
the result being shell lac or shellac. (Manual of Jail Indus-
ISO THE INDIAN IVIATERIA MEDICA

tries, 1931, Madras). If dropped in rounded masses it is

known as button lac; if in larger pieces, it is called sheet lac.
Action & Uses in Ayurveda & Siddha.—Kashayarasam,
seetha veeryam, katu vipakam, pitta-kapha-Tiaram, snigdam,
balyam, in Hicca, kasam, haemoptysis, thailam, dhatukatha
jwaram.
•Action & Uses in Unani.^—Hot 2°, Dry 3°. Tonic for
liver, stomach and intestine, haemostatic, resolvent of obstruc-
tions, jaundice, dropsy, kidney, reduces fat in the adipose
persons.
Uses.—Shell Jac finely powdered, half a tola mixed with
lioney and prepared in the form of an electuary, is given in
iiaematemesis. Lac is a specific application for caries and
diseased teeth. It is also used for inunction in the form of
5,everal medicinal oils as Lakshadi taila. It is prepared thus:—
Take of shell-lac 2 seers, water 16 seers, boil till reduced to
4 seers and strain. To this decoction of shell lac, add 4 seers
of prepared sesamum oil, 16 seers of whey, and 2 tolas each
of the following substances:—Withania somnifera, turmeric,
Devadaru wood, root of Sanseviera zeylanica, Pandanus odo-
ratissimus, Vanda rojcburghii, diU seeds and liquorice root in
•the form of a paste and prepare an. oil in the usual way; lastly
add 4 tolas of camphor. This oil is much used for inunction
in chronic fever and consumption; and is applied to the chest
i n remittent fevers accompanied by cough and dyspnoea; also
used in lumbago, myalgia, epilepsy and hysteria, as an appli-
cation to the nape of the neck and spine. If this oil is applied
to the body of a pregnant woman the foetus grows fatter. A
decoction of shell lac is also used in the preparation of other
medicinal oils such as Chandanad't taila, Angarika taila, etc.,
prepared in a similar way with the addition of various medi-
cinal substances in the fonn of paste. Locally shell lac is
Msed as a stimulant application to indolent, scrofulous and
scorbutic ulcers. The fluid lac dye obtained by dissolving the
crushed stick-lac in water is called Alakta.
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 151

33. CEPHALOPODA
See Os Sepie; Sepia officinalis.

34. CERA

(Sans.—Siktha; Madhujan. Ung.—Wax.\ Arab.—Shama.

Pers. Hind. Ben. & Dufc.—Mom. Guj.—Mina; Min. Mah.
'Can. & Kon.—Maena. Tarn.—Mellugu. Mai.—=Taenmazhacu.
Tel.—Mai-nam. Kash.—Sinth. Burm-—H'pa-rioung; Phayouii.
Malay.—Lilin. Sink.-—Miettie; Itti) exists' in the pollen and
surface of the leaves of many plants, chiefly the wax myrtle.
It is extracted by the honey bee and used in the construction
of the honey comb. Cera flava or yellow beeswax is obtained
"by squeezing or pressing the comb (when the honey is ex-
tracted) and melting it in hot water and allowing to cool. It
is purified by repeating this process several times and finally
casting the wax into moulds. It is a yellowish solid mass (Cera
Flava B.P.) harder than butter, with honey-hke odour. It is
insoluble in water, soluble in cold alcohol (3 p.c.) and in
•chloroform (25 p . c ) . It contains hydrocarbons 12 to 15 p.c,
cerolein, cerinor, cerotic acid Which crystallizes from boiling
alcohol, myricin or myricyl and melissyl palmitate, ceryl alco-
hol etc. Myricin is a principal constituent, crystalline, solu-
ble in hot ether, almost insoluble in boiling alcohol. By the
action of potash it is converted into palmitic acid and myricil
alcohol. Wax is an emollient and demulcent, chiefly used ex-
ternally as basis, in the preparation of ointments, plasters
etc. Smoking opium or beeswax in a hookah is said to give
relief in scorpion bites by counteracting the effects of poison!
lEqual quantities of Balsamodendron mukul, B. pubescens,
wax and sesame oil are melted together and when applied over
Taoils in the form of plaster, are effective. A paste made of wax,
soap and root of the castor oil plant, in honey, is used for
application to ulcers; this is used in dysentery where ulcers
are suspected to be present. An oil made of wax by boiling
•over a fire, a mixture of yellow wax, common salt and sand
and filtering and cooling the filtrate is also useful as a mild
15^ THE INDIAN 3VIATERIA MEDICA

protecting sheath, when applied into the rectum in dysentery

where ulcers are suspected to exist. It is also applied with
benefit to painful rheumatic joints. The oil occurs generally
as a liquid, but sometimes as a. solid mass of a brownish dark
colour.

35. CERA ALBA

(White beeswax) is yellow beeswax obtained from the
honeycornb, and bleached by exposure to moisture, air and
light. A paste made of white wax 2 tolas, Lawsonia alba or
senna leaves 2 mashas and rose water 4 tolas is recommended
by Hakims, as a local application for fistula in ano.

36. CERA FLAVA

See:—"Cera".

37. CEREVESIA LACTIS

See:—Koumiss or Kumyss.

38. CERVUS ARISTOTELIS

See:—Cervus Elephus.

39. CERVUS DAMA, Linn,

(Sans.—Mrigasring; Haranasing. Eng.—^Hart's horn;
Deer horn) is used in the form of a powder. It is of white
colour, without odour or taste and contains 57.5 p . c , of phos-
phate of lime. The powder is prepared by burning hart's
horn in closed vessels and then reducing the ashes to a fine
powder- The powder is nutritive and demulcent; it
is given internally in painful affections of the joints,, sciatica
and lumbagOj in cardialgia, pleurodynia and other affections
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 153:

of the heart.. Dose is 15 to 25 grains with ghee, milk or creams

Fumes of Horn are recommended as giving relief in hiccup.
(Practically the same as "Spirits of hart's horn"). Its chief
use is in cough and asthma, in low fever, loss of appetite and
phosphaturia especially of children.

40. CERVUS ELEPHUS or C. Aristotelis or C. Equinus

(Sans.—Sambarasinga. Eng.—Stag's horn. Pers.—Maral;

Gookorh. Hind.—Barasinga. Ben.—Ghous or Gaoj; (female):
—Bhalouje. Guj.-^Sambar singdun. Mah.—Meru. Tel.—
Kannadi. Can.—Kadavi; Kadaba) is used in the form of
powder and paste. The horn consists of three anterior antlers
curved upwards, of a dark-brown or pale yellow colour, gene-
rally marked with longitudinal ridges which are irregularly
tuberculated. On section, the interior is porous, hard in the
centre and compact at the margin. Wheii freshly cut it smells
like burnt sugar. Sambarsinga bkasmd, (ash) is prepared by
burning the horn in an open fire or by soaking its pieces in
the milky juice of Calotropis gigantea and then roasting. Dose
is 5 to 15 grains. This consists mainly of Calcium phosphate.
James' powder may be prepared by mixing the bhasma with
sulphuret of antimony and subjecting the mixture to white
heat. This will yield antimony oxide and calcium phosphate.
Sambarsing paste is a liquid cream obtained by rubbing the
staghorn on a piece of stone, pouring hot water over it, from
time to time. Sambarasinga is locally astringent and sedative;
internally a nervine and blood tonic. The bhasma is given
internally as a restorative tonic,, with honey, in diseases of
the respiratory system, as cough, asthma, consumption; also-
weak heart, enlarged glands and in seminal debility. It is a
specific remedy in doses of 4 to 8 grains for pleurisy and pneu-
monia with-honey and essence of ginger. The paste is given
internally in dysentery, and locally applied with stimulating
ingredients like ammonia, brandy etc., to sprains, contusions,
cracks and fissures and to the forehead in headache and t o
relieve itching in chronic skin diseases; also to orchitis and
154 THE INDIAN .MATERIA MEDICA

other enlarged glands. It is a useful remedy for the relief

•of rheumatic pains, and for pains in the ribs.

41. CETACEUM
(Eng.—Spermaceti B. P. Urdu & Hind.—Whale
Machhli-ke-Barki charbi. Arah.—Mann-ul-qeetas) is a
concrete fatty substance contained in the large
•cavity in front of the large Cranium (near the
upper jaw) of the Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus),
found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is obtained mixed
with sperm oil or oleum ceti. The semi-fluid substance is ob-
tained from the head of the whale; it, is then dried in suitable
^ags and afterwards submitted to strong pressure to remove
the oil; the .pressed cake is melted in warm water and any
impurities removed; then boiled vi^ith a weak caustic soda
solution to solidify and this is Spermaceti. It is a pearly-white,
translucent, crystalline unctuous mass of the consistence of
lard, with a mild bland taste and a faint, fatty odour; it is
reducible to powder when previously moistened by alcohol; it
becomes rancid by exposure to the air; it has a neutral reac-
tion. It is insoluble in water, soluble in fixed and volatile oils,
ether, chloroform and boiling rectified spirit. It contains
cetyl palmitate, or acetylic alcohol combined with palmitic
acid forming a. fat cetin. It is a demulcent. Given in alvine
and urinary irritations; also used as a base for ointments and
cerates. As an emollient dressing it ia used for blistered or
•excoriated surfaces and ulcers.

42. ^HELONIA
(Eng.—Turtle) is found on the sea coast of Southern
India and gulf of Manar. The oil extracted from it (Hind.—
Kachakru. Guj.—Kachbo. Mai.—Lisk; kurakura; kulitpaun)
is a pale yellow liquid of a fishy odour and disagreeable taste.
It is used as alterative, nutrient and demulcent; fat is chiefly
given in scrofula, rickets, anaemia and pulmonary affections.
Dose is 1 to 2 drachms.
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 155

Vaccine from tortoise.—This is a cure recommended for

•consumption. The report of the Commission appointed in Ger-
;many to examine the efficacy of Dr. Friendman's vaccine for
the treatment of tuberculosis says.—"The vaccine is valuable
in the anti-tuberculosis struggle as haying given surprising re-
-sults after one or two injections. ^ The vaccine is' composed of
•the pure cultures of the tubercle bacilli of the tortoise".

43. CLAMATOR JACOBINUS, Bodd. or Hirundo rustica,

Linn, or Aegithina tiphia, Linh.
(Eng.—Common lora;,Swallow. Sans.—Chataka. Hind.—
'Tokka. Ben.—Chatak). Flesh is refrigerant, stomachic, car-
-diac stimulant and, nutritious. Used in epistaxis and phleg-
inatic ailments.

41. CLUPEA UJSHA, Ham & Buch

See::—Pisces.

45. COCCUS CACTI (Dactylopius coccus—Family:—

Coccidae) belonging to Insecta class arid Hemiptera Order
(Eng.—Cochineal insect. Pers.—Danaha. Hind.—Beer-
Tjouhtee; Kirminj. Guj.—^Kiramaja. Tarn.—Kiramjee; Kochi-
nil-puchi. Tel.—Kiramju; Cochinil purugu. Can.—Kiramjee)
is an insect of a scarlet (red) colour and little larger than
a bug, resembling a grain, found in Mexico, and feeding upon
a prickly plant, a species of Cactus (called the Nopal plant
i n Mexico). The dried bodiesi of the fecundated female in-
sect containing eggs and larvae are used in
•medicine. The insects are collected from the
branches and leaves of the Cacti, crushed and immersed in
boiling water, spread out and dried ready for use. When
dry they can be easily reduced to powder. Dose is 1 to 10
grains. I t contains carmine (the colouring matter) or car-
156 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

minic acid 10 p e r cent, wax coccerin, fatty matter consisting'

of myrestin, liquid fat and fatty acids 18, moisture 6, salts
and ash 3 to 5 per cent. The carmine prepared from the inr
sect is a brilliant red powder with a faint odour and bitterish
and warm taste; it tinges the saliva violet-red. It is soluble
in water and alcohol, entirely soluble in ammonia water. I t
has acid properties and hence called carmiric acid. It is used
only as a colouring agent, as an adjunct to expectorant mix-
tures. It possesses sedative and anti-spasmodic properties. I t
is useful in whooping cough, neuralgia etc. There are two
^orts of Cochineal:—Silver and Black. Silver is more valued;
it has a greyish red colour.

46. COCCUS LACCA

(See:—Cateria Lacca; Tachardia Lacca).

47. COLUMBIA LIVIA or DOMESTICA

(Eng.—Pigeon. Sans.-—Kapota. Hind.—Kobutar. Ben.—
Payra). See "Animal Flesh-' paragraphs for action and uses..

48. CORALLIUM RUBRUM

See:—Iris nobilis. Class.—Polypi.
Sans.—^Pravala; Vidruma. Eng.—Coral. Ger.—Korallian.
Hal.—Corallo. Fr.—Corail. Arab.—Bussud. Pers.—Marjau..
Hind.—Parvara; Munga. Duk.—GullL Mah. & Kon.—Po-
valay. Gu).—Parvala. TaTn.—Pavalam. Can.—Havala. Tel.—
Pagadamu. Ma?..—Poalam, Siyih.—Bubalo. Burm.—^Ky-a-
ve-khet.
Source.—Red sea; Persian and Arabian Gulfs, Mediter-
ranean sea and Atlantic Ocean.
Characters.—In appearance it is a small shrub in a p e n -
dant or reverse position. It occurs in slender, cylindrical and
generally branched pieces of brick-red colour. Coral is m a d e
 WITH AyURVEDIC,- UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 157

lip of numerous minute pieces; each piece is minutely and

Jongitudinally furrowed. In smell it resembles frankincense;
it easily breaks with crackling sound. In a raw state the stems
and branches are covered with a cortical substance which is
the habitation of soft small polj'pL
Constituents.—Animal or organic matter 8 p.C, carbonate
of lime 83 p . c , magnesium carbonate 3.5 p.c, and oxide of
iron 4.5 p.c. The red colour is due to its containing, iron.
Parts used.—The Calcareous shell or skeleton.
Preparation.—Coral is purified by being boiled in a decoc-
tion of the three myrobalans and then prepared for medicinal
use by being calcined in covered crucibles and then reduced
to powder. Pravqla Bhasma (Coral ash) is also prepared by
.soaking coral for sometime in lime-juice, then putting it in
fire and calcining and finally reducing it to a fine powder.
Dose is 5 to 20 grains.

Action.—Antacid, -astringent, nervine tonic, laxative and

diuretic; also "emetic antiphlegmonous and antibilious"—
(N. N. Sen Gupta).

Uses.—As a local astringent it is used in the preparation

of tooth-powders. Its chief use Is in cough, phthisis, asthma,
low fever, urinary diseases, spermatorrhoea, gleet and gonor-
rhoea, carbuncle, scrofulous affections, and as a nervine tonic
.in headache, giddiness and vertigo. Dose is 3 to 12 grains
twice a day after meals. It was adniinistered to cases of chro-
nic bronchitis and pulmonary tuberculosis and found useful
in both classes of diseases. It is given as an antacid to check
vomiting and .to cure dyspepsia and bilious headache. Vasanta
Kiisurkakara Rasa described in Bhaishajyaratnavali, contain^
ing coral and pearl and, also prepared gold, tin, lead and iron,
talc and camphor is prepared with a difficult process into a
pill mass and divided into 4-grain pills. These are given with
sugar, honey and ghee in urinary diseases, impotence, gleet,
diabetes, consumption and general debility. It is also a. valu-
able alterative tonic in chronic gonorrhoea and- spermatorrhoea,
given in combination with an. extract called Kusavaleha which
158 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

is made up of the five roots of Ikshu, Sara, Kasa, Kusa and.

Darba with sugar.

49. CORVUS SPLENDENS SPLENDENS, Vieill.

(Eng:—Grow. Sans.—^Kaka. Ben.—Kak). Flesh is sto-
machic, nutritious, cardiac-stimulant and beneficial in ulcer,,
phthisis and eye diseases.

50. CROCODILUSi POROSUS, Schiieid.

(Eng.—Crocodile. Sans.—Kumbhira. Ben.—Kumir).
Flesh is demulcent and refrigerant; beneficial in vitiated bile..

51. CROCOPUS PHOENICOPTERUS, Lath.

(Eng.—Green dove. Sans.—^Harita. Hind.—Harial. Ben„
—Hathela-Ghugu). Flesh is astringent, refrigerant, easily
digestible; produces 'vayu' and alleviates thirst and epistaxis.

52. CYPRAEA MONETA, Linn.

(Eng.—Porcelaneous shells; Cowry; Marina shell. Sans.—
Varatika; Varataka. Arab.—Sadaf. P e r s . ^ K h a r - m a h r a . Hind-
—Cowrie; Sipi. Ben.—Beya. Guj.—Codi. Tarn. Mah..
Kan. & Can.—Kavdi. Tel.—Gavalu. Sinh.—Pingo) is the
name given to small, convolute glossy shells of variegated
colours, of oblong oval shape varying in size from a tamarind
seed to an almond. The upper face is smooth, shining and
convex. Base is compressed with a cleft in the centre which,
runs longitudinally. The margin of the cleft is serrated on
one side and depressed on the other. Three varieties of cow-
ries, white, red and yellow, are used in medicine. Ancient
Hindu alchemists preferred shells which were of yellow colour,
knotty and possessed of circular lines on the dorsal side. The
fresh shells consist of a cellular gelatinous tissue filled with,
calcareous matter (earthy salts). They are insoluble in water,,
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 15ft

soluble in hydrochloric acid with effervescence. They contain

phosphate, flouride and carbonate of calcium, magnesium phos-
phate, manganese and sodium chloride. The cowries are first
purified by being soaked or macerated for 3 hours, in lime-
juice or rice conjee (sour gruel) and then calcined in covered
crucibles; the process is repeated 10 or 12 times. Another
method of purifying cowries, as given in "Rasendrasarasan-
graha" is:—Dig a hole in the ground and fill it partly with t h e
liusk of paddy; now place on it a crucible containing cowries;
cover it with cowdung cakes and set fire to the mass. By this;
process the cowries are reduced to ashes. It is the Hme t h u s
obtained which is often used in medicine. Cowri hhasma
(shell-ash) is pungently bitter, also alterative and expectorant..
It is recommended in dyspepsia, jaundice, enlarged spleen and
liver, asthma and cough. The ash is given internally in scald-
ing and gonorrhoea. Dose is 5 to 10 grains. It is externally
used as caustic as various forms of ointments. Shula Gaja
Kesari is a compound pill made of purified shell, mercury,
borax, rock-salt, asafoetida and carui seeds all in equal parts,
mixed and reduced to a pill-mass with the aid of the juice of
betel leaves. Dose is 3 to 5 grains, useful in colic and other
pains in the intestines.

53. CYPRINUS ROHITA

This is the bile of the 'rohitaka' fish;
it is used either singly or in combination
with the bile of buffalo, wild boar, goat and pea-
cock, under the name of Pancha pitta or the five bUes. Bile
is laxative and is chiefly used in soaking powders intended
for being made into pill masses. Udakamanjari Rasa describ-
ed in Rasapradipa containing bile of rohitaka fish, is given
with ginger juice in recent bilious remittent fever. If there
is much heat of head, cold water should be applied to it.

54. DACTYLOPIUS COCCUS

See:—Coccus cocti.
 160 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

55. ELEPHAS INDICAS & ELEPHAS AFBICANUS;

ELEPHAS MAXIMUS
(Sans. & Kon.—Hasti- Eng.—Elephant. Hind. Mah.
Duk. & Giij.—Hathhi. Ben.—Hati. Tel. Tarn. Mai. & Can.—
-Aanay) is a large-sized animal belonging to the class of Pro-
boscidea; it is common in India, Burma and Africa. The teeth
or tusks of this animal are the parts used in medicine. The
ashes or powder of the teeth (Eng.—Ivory. Afah.—Sin-ul-fel.
Sans.—Hastidanta. Hind..—Hathidant. Sinh.—Gallah. Burm.—
'Hsen. Pers.—Dandan-i-fel. Mah,. & Kon.—Hastantra) is pre-
pared in the same -way as Samharsinga bhasma. Dose is 5 to
15 grains. It is used as astringent in leucorrhoea; also given
in jaundice and to remove sterility in females. Paste made
oftthe nails of the elephant 2 parts, copper sulphate 1 part and
.saffron 3 parts, in milk is applied in conjunctivitis.

56. ELEPHAS MAXIMUS

See:—Elephas indicas

57. EQUUS ASINUS, Linn.

(Eng.—Ass. Sa-ns.-^Gardabha. Hind.—Gaddha.) See:
LACTUS.

58. EQUUS CABALLUS, Linn.

(Eng.—Horse. Sans.—^Ashva). Milk is stimulant and de-
mulcent. Urine is bitter, stimulant, stomachic and purga-
tive. Urine is beneficial in ringworm and intestinal worms.

59. EUDYNAMIS SCOLOPACEUS, Linn.

(Eng.—Cuckoo; the Kpel. Sans.—Kokila. Hind.—Koil.
Ben.—Kokil). Flesh is phlegmatic and antibiljous.
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 161

60. FELBOVIS ~

(Eng.—Fresh ox gall. Arah.—Safraul-bagaz. Pers.—

JZabrahe-gaw. Hind.—Bail-ka-sofra. Duk.—Bail-ka-pit), is
fresh ox-gall secreted by the liver and collected in the gall-
bladder; it is a dark or yellowish green viscid liquid of a pecu-
liar unpleasant odour and bitterish taste. It is neutral or
iaintly alkaline in reaction, soluble in water and alcohol.

61. FEL BOVINUM PURIFCATUM or Fel Tauri

Depuratus

{Eng.—Purified ox-gall or ox-bile. Sans.—Gorochanam.

Jirab.—^^ajr-ul-bahr. Pers.—Pad-Zehare-Havani. Hind.—
Zehar-mohra. Duk. Mah- Kon. & Can.—Gorochana. Guj.
—Guruchandan. Tarn.—Gorojanai. Tel.—Gorojanam. Sinh.
—Visagul. Burm.^Goyazin) is prepared by evaporating ox-
gall to one-third, adding alcohol, filtering, distilling off and
•evaporating until it acquires a suitable consistence for making
pills. Gorochanam is light and can be easily broken between
the fingers. It is laxative, anti-spasmodic, cholagogue, coohng
and aromatic. It is specially indicated in measles and small-
pox, to reduce excessive heat in the body; also in whooping
•cough and watery stools and choleraic symptoms. It is used
in convulsions, hysteria, spasmodic diseases, melancholia and
intestinal disorders with deficient secretion of bile, in jaundice,
etc., and in abortion. It is given to infants for stopping green
stools and (in small doses) as a laxative. The usual adult
dose is from 5 to 10 grains. It enters into the composition
•of some medicines used for skin diseases.

62. FELIS TIGRIS, Linn.

(Eng.—Tiger). Tiger's fat is used in leprosy and rheu-

matism.

11
ice, THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDIGA

62(a). FEL TAURI DEPURATUS

See:—-FQI bovinum purificatum.

63. FRANCOLINUS PONDICERIANUS, Gmel.

(Engi—Grey Partridge- Sans.^Tittiri. Ben.—Titir. Tarn.
—ToJuk^petta). See "Animal Flesh" Section, for action a n d
uses.

64. GALLUS BANKTVA

Denotes wild form of the genus; & var.

65. CALLUS DOMESTICUS

Is a domestic cock and hen. The Indian domesticated game-
cock is. known as Gallus pugnex =: Gallus pusillus. of Lin^
naeus. See:—Phasianus;—(Sans. & Ben.—Dimba). The part
used irx m.edicioe is the egg of it (Sans. Hind. & Ben.—Anda.
ATCII)..—Baiza. Guj-—Bedun.. Mah. & Kon.—Kavta. Can &.
Tarn.—Mottey. Tel.—Gadda). The white is the Ovi albumeny
often called also Albumin—the liquid albumen of egg; (other
varieties, are called after their sources or characteristic
reactions, as acid-albumin.; alkali-albumin; muscle-albumin;
seruro.-alb,u.rnin; oyum-albumin; vegetable-albumin etc» Nor-
mal albumin is the type of a, group of proteids known as albu-
mins). I t coritains albumen 15 to 18 p . c , a little mucus, fat,
sugar, extractiive matter,, lecithin, ash consisting of alkaline
salts and water 82 to 85. p.c. This albumen is distinguished
from albumen of the serum of blood, by being coagulated by
ether. In weight it is about 5 drachms in one egg. The yolk
or Ovi vitellus is a dense viscid, yellow or reddish-yellow
opaque alkaline liquid. It consists of water 50 p.c, vitelline
16 p . c , inorganic salts 1.5 p . c , oil globules, fat 30 p.c, sulphur
and phosphorus contained in a sac or bag. Agitated with -vvater
it forms a milky emulsion. It is coagulated by heat and by
alcohol. Action:—Egg is emollient, demulcent, laxative &
 WITH AYURVEDIC^ UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 163.

nutritious. The egg sheE or Ovi Testa is a white hard fra-

gile calcareous substance composed of carbonate of lime, phos-
phate of .lime and traces of sulphur and iron,, some organic
matter 1 to 5; p.c. and salts as the chlorides, iodides, sulphates
and phosphates of potassium, calcium and magnesium. The:
oil known as the yellow oil is prepared by boiling the egg,
hard, removing the yolk and acting on this by hot Movara.
spirit or brandy.. The oil globules separate, and dissolve in
the h o t spirit; this is used as an embrocation^ The ashes are
prepared by incinerating the shell. Glyceritum Vitelli or gly-
cerine of yolk is a dietetic preparation containing the yolk,
of egg 45 p . c , and glycerine 55 p.c. Mistura Spiritus^ Vini
Gallici is another preparation made up of yolk of ,2 eggs,,
brandy 4 ounces. Cinnamon, water 4 ounces and refined sugar
4 drachms. Dose of this mixture is 1 to 2 ounces. Egg laine
prepared by beating up one egg with a tablespoonful of cold
water and a mixture of a glass of sherry and half a glass of
water previously heated together, (not boiUng) poured over
this and stirred all the .time, then sweetened with white sugar
and a little grated nutmeg to> taste and taken with toast or
biscuits, twice daily is more digestive' and nom-ishing to. inr
valids. Egg syrup is prepared by beating 1 lb. of eggs with
1 lb. of water and then straining it through a cloth and then
beating it to a frotb' and then adding lij lbs. of pjowdered sugar
and 20 drops of orange-blossom jvater. When used it is mixed
with 10 times its volurrie of water. Egg is a complete food;
it contains ail the elements required by the blood. Eggs
covered with boiling water and allowed to stand for 5 minutes
are more nourishing' and digestive than eggs placed in boiling
loater and allowed to- boil furiously for 3i m.inutes. Esiting a
hard-boiled egg when angry produces t h e same effect as eating,
a toadstool accordmg to Dr. Hilton Ira Jones, a noted chemist
and psychologist. "The poison in toadstools is a chemical sub-
stance called muscarine". Dr. Jones says:—"The greater part
of an egg is composed of colin, a harmless substance. When a
person is angered, the acidity of the stomach is increased, oxi-
dising the colin. When oxidised the colin of the egg becomes
muscarine, the poison in toadstools. That is' why the effect is
the same." One- of t h e oddest food cures recently advanced is
 164 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

that of medicated eggs. Hens are fed on wheat mixed with

a salt of iron. The eggs they lay three or four days later are
rich in iron already digested, so that even the most delicate
patient can take it. The Albumin i.ie. white of egg is useful
in cases of poisoning by corrosive sublimate perchloride of
mercury, soluble salts of lead, copper,, zinc, creosole etc. In
poisoning by other acrid rneftallic salts it acts mechanically by
enveloping the poisonous particles and alsoxoating the mucous
membranes of the stomach and intestines. Mixed with hot
brandy and alum its paste is used as an embrocation or lep
(plaster) in erysipelas. The yolk of egg is demulcent, more
nutritious than the white and in large doses, laxative. The
giving of egg-yolk to infants above' the age of two months is a
preventive against rickets. Yolk of egg is an extremely use-
ftil food for anaemic persons. Locally with lime or mixed with
nitrate or oxide of mercury, it is used as a lep and applied to
plague and other buboes and to boils to promote suppuration.
As a restorative, mixed with brandy it is given internally to
the weak and anaemic; also to the dyspeptics. It, is used for
emulsifying oils, oleo-resins and resins. The ash is antacid and
styptic and used as a powder in gravel and in cases of cancer.

66. TURBINELLA RAPA; or XANCHUS PYRUM;

or GASTROPODA (Moncyalye or Univalve shell-r-a Group
of Shell Fishes)
(Class:—MoUusca).
Sans. & Bom;—Shankha.. Eng.—Conch; Conch-shell.
Dwfc.^-Sukk. Guj., Mah. Kon. & Can.—Shankha. Tarn.—
Sanka; Sangu. Tel.—Sehkham^ Ben.—^^Sankh.
Source.—Indian Ocean coasts.
Characters.—A pprcelaneous shell of an oblong or conical
form. The oblong form is, bulged in the middle and tapering
at each end. The conical variety is pecuhar. The upper por-
tion is like corkscrew,, twisted and tapering at the end. The
base is broad. The interior is hollow.. The surface is hard,
of a dull white colour. The upper surface is highly tubercu-
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HQME REMEDIES 165

lated, the under surface shining, very brittle and translucent.

Action.—Anodyne, carminative, digestive and astringent.
Flesh is demulcent, cardiac stiniulant, nutritious & phlegmatic.
Preparations & Uses.—Shankha hhasma or conch shell ash
(silicate of magnesia) is prepared by soaking the shell in lime
juice and calcining in covered crucibles ten to twelve times,
and finally reducing it to powder (ash). It is anodyne, carmi-
native, digestive andjastringent'. Dose is 2 to 6 grains; used
for ear-ache, ulcers and for eye-troubles and internally for
dysentery, gonorrhoea, .colic, dyspepsia and jaundice;, with
whey it is taken in tympanitis, flatiilence, colic etc. A com-
pound pill called Shankhavati contains Shaiikha hhasma 40,
tamarind seed ash 20, the five salts (pancha lavana) 4, asafoe-
tfda, ammonium chloride, pepper, carui, caraway, ginger, long-
pepper each 4 parts, purified mercury and aconite each 2 parts,
mixed together and the whole triturated in the juice of lemons
and made into a pill-mass. Dose is 3 to 5 grains. Shankhavati
is used in dyspepsia and acid urine as also in irritability of the
intestines as in diarrhoea, :chronic dysentery etc. A mixture
of Shankha hhasma 5, aconite 2 and black pepper 9 parts made
into two-grain pills is useful in loss of appe-
tite, dyspepsia and indigestion. A compound powder made
u p of Shankha hhasma- 5, bonduc seed 4, asafoetida. 3,,trzfcatit
and rock salt 4 each parts, mixed and powdered is used in the
colicy pain in the abdomen. Another compound powder
containing equal parts of Shankha hhasma, Ficus religiosa,
borax and aconite is used in catarrh, sore-thoat, cough,
asthma etc. Dose is two grains. KapTiaketu Rasa (see "Sodii
Biboras") containing conch-shell lime is also useful in these
cases, and also in discharges from ears, nose et<^. In all sorts
of Kaphdja type of fever it is used as an expectorant, a resol-
vent of the phlegm and febrifuge. Flesh is useful in phthisis
and abdominal tumours.

67. GECKO VERTICILLATUS, Laur.

Eng.—A kind of lizard. Sans.—Musali. Ben.—Tak-
shakha. Hind.—Chipkuli. Tarn.—Paillie. Used- in leprosy.
166 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

68. HALCYON SMYRNENSIS SMYRNENSIS, Linn.

(Eng.—^Kingfisher, Kilkila. Ben.—Macch-ranga). Flesh is
refrigerant and demulcent. Useful in epistaxis and produces
"vayu".

69. HALICORE DUGONG—ERXLEBEN

& H. australis.
(Eng.—Dugong oil or Oil of Sen Hog). This oil is a sub-
stitute for cod-liver oil.

70. HELIX ASPERA

(Bom. & Guij.—Nakhala) is a fresh water MoUusk. The
shell is of dark-brown colour and made of numerous plates
placed one upon another, just as in bivalve shells. It is hard,
bony and opaque, concave on its Under-surface where the mol-
lusk,resides; the other surface is convex. On this surface the
layers are most distinctly marked. • The shell i s used in the
form of a paste, as a perfume and in the preparation of various
medicated oils. It is an ingredient of Dhupela tela. As a hair
cosmetic it is highly recommended.

71. HEMIPTERA
(Eng.—A group of winged insects. Persi—Shaker-
e-tigala. Hind.—Shakara tagara) occurs as irregular
gall-like pieces of a dirty white colour and oblong
or oval or sometimes of irr.egular shape. It is hollow within
and generally contains a dead beetle .or pupa of an oval shaj^e
and black colour. It tastes like starch and after chewing it
leaves an acrid sensation in the mouth. It is an antispasmodic
and useful in hysteria, gout, renal diseases, dropsy, gonorrhoea
and jaundice. It is generally used by Mahomedan Hakims.
A compound powder consisting of it and almonds, pistachio,
babul gum, bark of Mimusops elengi and dry ginger all in
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 167

<equal 'parts, powderefl finely and mixed together, is used ill

old chronic, coughs. Dose is gtainS 5 to 10; two or thtee times
a day.

^2. HIRUDINARIA (POECILOBDELLA)

GRANULOSA, Savigny.
[Eng.—Medicinal leech.)

73. HIRUDO MEDICINALIS

(Class.—Annelida).
Sans.—Jaluka. Eng.—Speckled Leech. Arab.—Aluk.
JPeys—Zaloka. Hind. Ben. Duk. & Punj.—Jonk. Kash.—
3Drik. Guj.—Jklo. Mah. & Kon.—Jalu. Tarn.—Attei. Td.—
Attalu; Jelagalu. Can.—Jigani. MdZ.-Attah. Burm.—HitA-
yau; Meiyon. Sink.—Kudallu; Pudal.
Source;'—Leeches are found in a clear Shallow or deep
pool of watey containing water lilies and other aquatic sWeet
ismelling plants. They are collected on a piece of Calico con-
taining some red- clay; when leeches are required to be pi'eser-
ved for some days the roots of water lilies are given them as
food.
Characters.—Leechfes are of both aquatic and terrestrial
habits- Small and middle sized leeches are the best for medi-
cinal use. They are l>lack, or of an olive colour, marked with
6 longtitudinal stripes. The body is elongated 2 or 3 inches
long and tapering at each end. It is convex and wrinkled
transversely. Theri are other varieties of leeches, some of
which are venomous and these are found near putrid fish or
animals, in foul, stagnant and putrescent water. Such leeches
are consequently to he avoided.
Action & Uses.^-Antiphlogistic, used for the local abstrac-
tion of blood; also anticoagulant. Depletion by leeches is ana-
logous to the abstraction of blood by venesectibn, by lancing
or by mOist cupping. The quantity of bloOd drawn off by
168 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

each Indian leech is about 1 to l i drachm. The antiphlogistic

action is slow. They make a limited or gradual local impres-
sion. They are used in acute inflammation of the glands,, as
the mammae, parotid etc., also in incipient abscesses, boils, in
bruises, sprains and blows, in inflammations of the serous
membranes and in inflammation affecting the skin or bones.
This is generally followed by hot fomentations to relieve t h e
pain and the inflammation. Obstinate vomiting may occasion-
ally be checked by a few leeches to the pit of the stomach
after ordinary means have failed. In violent headache leeches
are applied to the temples with benefit. In fevers with severe
headache they are applied but only in the early stages of the
disease; they are applied at the nape of the neck if relief is
not obtained by applying to the temples. In severe pain in _
m e chest or abdomen occurring during fever 8 to 10 leeches
applied immediately over the seat of pain often afford mani-
fest relief. In severe headache or fulness of head depending
upon the stoppage of a discharge of blood from piles, leeches
close to the anus frequently afford great relief, but care is
necessary lest they creep up into the rectum. When the head-
ache depends upon the sudden stoppage of the menstrual dis-
charge the leeches should be applied to the inner part of the
thighs. In acute dysentery a few leeches (6 to 9) to the verge
of the anus are often serviceable in relieving the pain and strain
ing at stool. The same measure is also useful in congestion
of the liver, when placed over the region of the liver, and pre-
ferably at the verge of the anus. When leeches are scarce and
it is intended to abstract more blood, the leeches may be pun-
ctured with a needle just near the tail, while still sucking or
when nearly gorged with blood, when the blood is drained out
of their body and they begin to suck again.

To stop the bleeding continuing after the removal of t h e

leeches, various haemostatics are used, such as burnt cotton,
desiccated alum, copper sulphate, tannin, turmeric, burnt rags,
cobweb, scraped lint etc. Pressure with the finger over the
bite may be useful. In obstinate cases solution of the perchlo-
ride of iron is used with benefit. Even a very fine point of
caustic nitrate of silver is inserted into the wound with benefit.
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 169-

Touching the bite with the point of a red hot needle or ap-
plying a ligature or pressure by lint and bandage has also-
been tried with success.

Precautions.—To make a leech bite on a particular spot,

cut a small hole in a piece of paper, lay this over the spot and
apply the leech over the spot which should be previously
cleansed and smeared over with cream or sugared milk or the
skin scratched so that a little blood oOzes out. To facilitate
the action of leeches, or- to promote the bleeding from
leech bites the affected part should be thoroughly washed
or cleaned with hot" water. In some cases poultices or fomen-
tations should be applied to stimulate the skin. Leeches should
not be applied immediately over a large prominent vein, nor
to the eye lids nor to the bosom of a woraan, especially during
pregnancy, nor to the loose skin of the eyelids, mammae, penis
or scrotum as the bites in these situations are apt to be follow-
ed by infiltration or infiamrnation. Great caution is necessary
in applying leeches to young children as they bleed much more
freely than adults; they should, when practicable be applied
where a bone is near the surface, so that in case of excessive
bleeding pressure may be made agairist it. Generally one
leech is sufficient for every two years of the patient's age up
to adult life, or six is the limit forJbrdinary cases, even upto
adolescence; for application, morning is the best time. It
should not be put on in the evening, lest there be serious con-
sequences from, haemorrhage and want of proper attendance.
Applications.—If the leeches do not fix quickly apply a
drop or two of milk or blood to the part. Some apply clay
to the part, others prick it with a fine needle to make the skin
besmeared with blood, which will induce them to fix them-
selves more readily. When the leeches are sucking, sprinkle
a few drops of water upon their bodies. When the leeches are'
to be removed, sprinkle a small quantity of salt upon their
head to make them drop off. After their removal the part
upon which the leeches have be?en is to be smeared with honey,
cold water and astringent substances. If the bleeding con-
tinues the abovementioned measures are to be adopted. If
after their removal it is necessary to abstract more blood, poul-
170 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDlGA

tices of bran or bread or varalians, of ^irgundi leaves or of

Neem leaves may be. applied.

74. IRIS NOBILIS

See Corallium Rubrum.

75. KOUMISS or KUMYSS or KUMISS (Fermented Milk)

Cerevesia Lactis
Is a fermented liquor obtained from cow's, mare'? or camel's
milk. It is prepared by adding sugar of milk to fresh milk in
an open vessel and beating it till it ferments or by adding
some acid to fresh milk to assist lactic acid fermentation. Dur-
ing fermentation caseine and butter are skimmed off and the
"fermented whey is collected. It contains 1 to 3 per cent of
alcohol, sugar, lactic acid, salts, carbonic acid and ether. Dose
is 2 to 4 ounces. Kumyss is a dietetic, nourishing and restora-
tive agent, given in diabetes, in irritability of the stomach and
in obstinate vomiting. For process, of Artificial Koumiss,
refer Extra Pharmacopoeia.

76. LACCA
See:—Cateria Lacca; Coccus Lacca.

77. LACERTA AGILIS (Agama Agilis)

laelonging to Reptilia (Eng.—Sand Ldzard. Pers.—Rege mahi.
Chxj.—Sarado. Boiri.—Ghilbdi) is a species of a sand fish with
thorny spines. It has a head and four legs; when, dry the
skeletons appear more like a fish without head and legs. It is
of a light brown colour, about six inches in length with dark-
ish brown reticulations on its back. It is used in the form of
ash or bhasma in dOses of 5 to 8 grains as a nerving tonic, sti-
mulant and aphrodisiac in general debility, spermatorrhoea
and seminal weakness. It is used by Unani physicians with
the yolk of eggs.
 WITH AYURVEDIC, IJNANI & HOME REMEDIES 171

78. LACERTA VIVIPARA

Eng.—^Lizard.
Action.—^Flesh is tonic, stimulant, alterative.
Uses.—Flesh is. used m syphilis. Oil is aphrodisiac.

79. LACTUS
Sans.—^Dugdha; Ksheera. Eng.-^Milk. Arab.—^Halib.
Pers.—Sher. Hind. Guj. Mah. & Kon.—Dudh. Tarn. &
Tal.—Palu. Mal.—Musu; Pala. Can.—Haalu. S^h/i.—Ella
•errie.
Source.—^Mammary glands of females, cows, she-goats,
•ewes, she-asses, mares etc.
Characters.—Cow's xaiUs is an opaque^ white or yellowish-
white, emulsive, faintly alkaline fluid, a little .more viscous
than water; taste is sweet and bland, odour faint and peculiar;
kept for a long time it ferments. Specific gravity is between
1.027 to 1.034, and the milk with a higher fat content having
a loTver specific gravity. Under the miscroscope, numerous
niinute fat globules are seen floating in the form of an emul-
sion, which on -standing for some hours settles out producing
the familiar phenomenon knoVn as creaming, i.e., a scum
forms on the surface in the form of cream, which when churn-
ed, separates into butter and butter-milk. The yellowish
•white colour of the milk is due to the suspended fat globules.
On standing,, the milk settles o u t into 3 layers. The layer at
the bottom of the vessel .contains bacteriaj cells and dirt. That
at the middle contains milk plasma, and a small amount of fat;
the layer at the top contains fat or cream and a considerable
number of bacteria which are carried 'up being attached to fat
globules. This settling-of milk enables one :to isolate the butter
fat and to control the', amount of fat the milk ^hall contain. Raw
•milk becomes spoiled after 10^12 hours, after which it is indi-
•gestible and harmful and acts as poison to the systeTn^ Such
•milk should be avoided.
Constituents.—-Milk contains all the elements necessary
for the growth and iiutrition of bones, nerves, rriuscles and
172 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

other tissues. Milk contains ialso' vitanijns which are Nature's

antidotes to rickets, scurvy and other results of defective
nutrition. The constituents of milk vary according to the ani-
mal and the kind of food if takes. Cow's milk contains on an
average albuminoids (casein) 4, fat (butter) 4, sugar (milk-
sugar) 5, various salts etc., 1, and water 86 per cent. It con-
tains a large proportion of Calcium phosphate, an important
salt required for the formation of bone and also for the pro-
per coagulibility of the blood. The other mineral constituents
of Cow's milk are potassium and magnesium ^phosphates, so-
dium chloride and a trace of phosphate of iron. The inorganic
constituents of milk are gases as carbondioxide, nitrogen and
oxygen in solution, and mineral salts as compounds of calcium,,
potassium, sodium, phosphorus, iron sulphur and chlorine.
Thg first four are present in slightly higher amounts than neces-
sary to combine with sulphur, phosphorus and chlorine avail-
able, the excess being principally calcium which is combined
with casein as calcium caseinate. The composition of milk,, .
especially the fat and to some extent the protein content, va-
ries from time to time. Buttervfiilk is composed of water 91%,.
fat 0.5%, sugar 4%, lactic acid 0-5%, protein 3.5% and ash
0.7.% Whey is composed of water 93%, fat CSEfo 'to 0.36%,
lactose 4.9 to 5.4% protein 0.84%o to 1.0%, and ash 0.49% t o
0.6%.

Cow's milk contains a little more salts and fat and much
less sugar than the breast milk. Still; the; protein content of
the cow's milk is much less efficient than that of breast milk>
Cow's milk consists of fat globules, and bacteria, cells and par-
ticles of foreign, matter suspended in a fluid, i.e. inilk plasma,
in large numbers. Though secreted from the alveoli in a
sterile condition, bacteria are introduced into the milk through
the milk duct from the. teats, from Twits' of manure and, dust
flying in the stable, from the milker's hands or from saliva
droplets. The bacterial content of the milk is the best single
index of the cleanliness with which the milk is handled and
scrupulous care should be taken to keep it at the lowest by
milking healthy cows, kept in clean surroundings, employing
healthy milkers with clean hands and using clean, well-scalded
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 173

receptacles. The milk so obtained should be chilled as soon

•as possible after Tuilking.
In cow's milk the protein is present in the form of casein
in combination with calcium and ig in the form of colloidal
particles which can be seen with the ultra-miscroscope. The
other protein constituents s r e lactalbumin and lactoglobulin.
A comparison of the breast and cow's milk proteins:—The
proteins are made up of various combinations of aminoacids,
of which about 20 have been identified. In the breaking up
of proteins into amino-aicids, there are several stages, viz:—
Proteins—albumoses^—^polypeptides—^peptides—amino-a c i d s.
Of the amino-acids about four are essential in a child's diet.
These are tryptophane, lysine, crystine and hystidine. The
value of a protein depends upon the number and proportion of
amino-acids that go into its make up and its ability to be
digested arid absorbed.
Lactalbumin contains 4.08 per cent of cystine while casein
contains only 0.26 per cent. So the greater lactalbumin con-
tent of the breast milk makes it more valuable than the cow's
milk. Hence it is that breast-milk protein is more adaptable
for the infant thain the cow's milk protein. However,, cow's
milk protein is the next best and to supply an adequate amount
of protein; a larger quantity, nearly double the amount of
cow's milk should be given to infants. The following table
will prove the relative value of the last two in relation to
breast-milk, and that Indian cow's milk approaches more near-
ly in composition to the breast-milk- Composition of inilks,
per 100 parts:—
Components: Breast Cow's Buffalo's
Milk Milk Milk
Salts 0.1 0.5 0.7
Fat 3.0 3.5 6.0
Solids f Not fat 8.0 8.0 10.5
of these •< Casein 0.4 2.8 —
proteins ( Lactalbumin 1.1 0.7 —-
Sugar 6.5. 4.5 T —

Total solids 11.1 12.0 17.2

Water 88.9 88.0 82.8
174 THE INDIAN MATERIA. MEDICA

Percentage composition of European mother's and E u r o -

pean cow's milks:—
Protein Fat Sugar
European Mother 1.5 3.5 6.5
European Cow 3.0 3.5 4.5
"Ordinarily, the amount of protein in European cow's milk
is double, that of European mother; the fat content is the same
in both and. the sugar content is a little less in the cow's milk."
Hence it is that the European medical man advises that the
the cow's milk should be diluted with an, equal volume of
water an equal volume of water and that the fat and sugar
deficiency in such a mixture should be made good by the addi-
tion of one teaspopnful of cream, to every three ounces of the
lirepared milk. This is the 'humanised milk' of every Euro-
pean Text-Book. If this advice is followed in the case of
Indian children using Indian cow's milk, then the child so fed
will be virtually suffering from a deficiency of not only pro-
teins,, fat and carbohydrates but also the essential vitamins
and salts.

Factors influencing the Composition of Milk:—

1. Differences in breed and in individuals of the same
breed: The average of some breeds is,, as a rule low. Jersey
milk contains 5% of fat. In some districts and those bred in the
Agricultural College (Coimbatore) Cow-breeding Station pro-
duce higher quality milk than those bred elsewhere. Cows
met with in Madras City, though they appear tall and stout
and yield a large quantity of milk, the milk is of a very poor
quality.
2. Difference in the same animal:—Morning milk con-
tains more fat than the evening milk. Strippfngs are richer
in fat content than the fore milk.
3. Chang'es in the coiupositio-n during lactation:—
During the first 3 weeks, the colostrum contains a higher per-
centage of fat and ash. From the 3rd to the 6th week, it
decreases and remains constant until the last'two months before
going dry. During the last two months, with a gradually de-
 WITH AY'URVEmC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 175.

creasing quantity, proteins rise markedly, fats increase some-

what, sugar declines, and ash rises.. Gestation is apt toi short-
en, the period of lactation.
4. Amount and character of food:—Abundant, well-
balanced diet is essential to maximum milk production. More
milk with highei^ fat content is produced on a high fat diet.
5. Richness of the pasteurage:.—The quality of the p a s -
teurage is reflected in the richness- a n d body-building' proper-
ties of the milk.
6. Cows allowed to graze in the open air and in sun-light
yield more and better quality milk than those confined to the
backyard of the house.
7. Skill oft the milker:—^As the cow has partial voluntary
control over the sphincters of the lactiferous sinuses, unless
this is relaxed she may hold back part of the milk. Only a.
skilled milker can be able to relax the cow and get the richer
strippings higher up in the udder.
As the composition of the same cow's milk varies from
time to time, to ensure an uniform supply, it is better to use
mixed herd milk obtainied from a number of cows, while feed-
ing milk to infants. The mixed herd m,ilk is often of the.
sarrhz com/position.
Bu:Qalo's milk is richer than the cow's milk and yields
more butter. Ass's milk contains less of salts and fat and
more of sugar. Human milk contains more of fat and less of
salts. It contains all the necessary elements for the tender
baby and nothing^ more or less. Not a single specimen of art-
tificial food, is a substitute for mother's milk. The food con-
stituents of goat's milk contain excess of calcium and vary
only a little from that of human milk. Then comes the ass's
milk; then comes the, cow's milk which differs nauch, more from
human milk.
Preparations or Milk Products:—Where cow's milk of re-
hable and standard quality is not availa.ble especially in cities,
products prepared from fresh cow's milk a^e- used, such as
powdered milk; evaporated milk; condensed milk; lactic a d d
176. THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

milk; peptonised milk; butter-milk; and whey. Of these the

last four are used only iri feeding invalid, small, weak or pre-
mature children. This is especially so in the case of cheese,
protein-milk, lactic-acid-milk and whey during the preparing
of which only pasteurised-milk should be used. Cream (Sans.
Santanika), butter (Navanita), skimmed milk, butter-milk
(Takra), Curd or curdled milk (Dadhi), Whey (Mastu),
Cheese, Ghee (Ghrita) and Milk sugar or Saccharum lactis
•containing Lactose. Pasteurised milk is absolutely safe and
conserves the vitamins which boiling destroys. Condensed
milk is Sweetened fresh milk, i.e., milk to which 15 to 17 per
cent of cane-sugar and an alkali is added to fresh cow's milk
and concentrated to half its volume by evaporating it in a
vacuum till it becomes dark and all the useless water of the milk
K|iviiig gone off in steam. Sugar is added as a preservative so
as to do away with the need of sterilization. On being re-
Jiquified, it becomes equal to whole milk plus 15 to 17 per
cent cane-sugar; vitamin content is destroyed in toto; pro-
tein content is minimal. As it contains a high carbohydrate
end a low protein content, it is not suitable for healthy normal
infants. Premature babies and babies with lower weight
than normal, thrive well pn it. Lactose is the cai'bohydrate
content of milk. When reduced to a fine powder, milk is
known as Powdered milk or desiccated milk or Lactogen
virhich is obtained by removing all the water-content from the
milk. The drying is done so instantaneously and carefully
that the vital properties and solid constituents of the milk
remain absolutely intact, though the milk is left as a fine white
powder. It is easily soluble in water, and when dissolved in
the proportion of 1 to 7 or 8, it has all the nutritional proper-
ties of fresh whole milk, with the singular exception of vita-
mins A & B which are destroyed in the process of manufac-
ture. The chief are:—AUenTaury's Infant Foods Nos. 1, 2 & 3;
Glaxo; Horlick's Malted Milk; Cow & Gate Standard Milk
Food and Half-cream Milk Food.

Merrell Soule Process, California Process, Hot Roller

Process are the various processes by which Powdered Milk is
prepared.
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 177

(a) Evaporated Milk is essentially' fresh cow's milk that

Ihas been reduced to half its volume by evaporation in vacuo.
I t is fluid in consistency and has a characteristic cooked taste.
I t forms small curds and on dilution with an equal volume of
water forms a suitable substitute for fresh milk.- The vitamin
•content is destroyed in the process of manufacture.
(b) Lactic Acid Milk is milk boiled in a double boiler to
sterilize it and break it into small curds. It is allowed to cool.
When ice-cold, 0.4 per cent of lactic acid is added, drop by
drop, slowly and with continuous stirring. The casein under-
goes changes due to the addition of the acid, the curd becom-
ing very finely divided.
Lactic acid milk may be prepared by bacterial fermen-
tation. By the action of lactic acid fermenting organisms, the
lactose is fermented by the lactic acid and the milk becomes
soured. When a certain' degree of acidity is reached, ' the
growth of the organisms is inhibited and the process of fer-
mentation stops; depending upon the temperature, from 8-12 •
hours are required. As it contains lactic acid q,nd as the
curds are small, friable and easily digestible, this is very user
iul as an infanfk food. The only objections to its use are its
sour taste and acid smell. E.g.—Cow & Gate's Lacidac.
(c) Skim,med Lactic Acid Milk is made by using skimmed
milk in the place of fresh whole milk.
(d) Protein Milk:—Though this is not useful in feeding
healthy babies, this is useful for feeding infants suffering from
diarrhoea. Its composition is water 89%, protein 3.75% and
salts 0.65%,. Example—Cow & Gate's P r o l a c
(e) Citrated Milk (i.e., cow's milk to which two or three
grains of Sodii citras has been added to every ounce) is also
used in infant feeding. Sodii citras throws the casein in the
milk into small easily friable curds, which a child is able to
digest without any difficulty.
(f) Peptonised Milk is intended for feeding invalid in-
fants who cannot digest the usual diet. Example:^—Cow &
Gate's Peptalac: Composition is: Water 87.9%; Fat 2.8%c.; Pro-
12
 178 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

teins 2.4%; Digested Proteins 1.0%; Lactose 3.9%; Carbo-

hydrates 1.2%; Salts 0.8% = Total 100%: BaptGnised or
-predigested milk food is prep.ared by heating milk with w a t e r
(2 to 1) to a temperature of 140°F., and adding to it when
cool peptpnising powder or Sodium carbonate 10 grains and
Liquor Paficreatis (Liquor Pancreatini—B.P.C.) 2 drachms in
one pint and boiling the product.

(g) Plasmon is a pure soluble milk product prepared by

separating Casein of milk and leaving the albumen unaltered..
It is a colourless white powder, containing 92 per cent of
proteids, odourless and tasteless, soluble in soup and milk. In
water the powder swells up to a gelatinous mass which dis-
SQlves as more water is added. It contains albumen, phos-
phates of amntonium, sodium and potassium and a small
quantity of common salt. Cheese is prepared by coagulating
cow's milk by means of rennet or an acid or ^vith yeast and.
after separation submitting it to pressure. Like albumen it is
not coagulated by heat but is precipitated by acids. It con-
tains mostly albuminoids (casein), fat, salts, other npn-nitro^
genous matter and water. Cheese is extremely rich in the
growth of vitamins) and most of the minerals in the original
milk go into the cheese. Eucasein is a casein arnmonium
compound. It is milk-casein in a soluble and easily diges-
tible form, prepared solely from the pure milk of the cow.
It is a soluble powder containing about 95 per cent of pure
a^bsorbable albumen without any odour or taste. Used as food
it is highly nutritive. Butter (Hiiid. Guj. Pers. & Born.—
Mackhan; Muska. Mah. &: Kon.—Lonee. Tarn. & Tel.—
Venney. Can.—Bennay) is a principal fatty matter of the
milk. It is obtained by heating milk and allowing it to stand;
butter globules rise to the surface together with some casein
and serum forming what is called cream-butter. The fat glo-
bules or butter alone is separated from casein by churning.
Butter consists of olein 30 per cent, palmitin and stearin 6S
per cent, glycerides of butyric, carponic, caprylic and caprinic
acids 2 per cent. Milk from, which cream, is separated is
known as skimmed milk. Butter-irdlk is skimmed lactic acid
milk afid is a residue of casein, sezum and a trace of butter
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 179

left after the butter is removed by churning. It is called

Buttermilk because it is a bi-product in the manufacture of
butter. When cream is allowed to sour, the fat-globules, on
being churned, accumulate into one mass of butter, leaving
back the skimmed milk. This is free from fat. Cream (Pers.—
Qimaq. Hind. Ben. Mah. & Guj.—Malai) is the only part of
milk which is very nutritive and agreeable but not easily
digestible. Ghee is clarified butter, obtained by boiling fresh
butter and removing the impurities which settle down.
Curdled milk (Pers.—Jugrat. Hind. Ben. Mah. Guj. & Kon-—
Dahee. Can.—Mosru) is prepared by adding some acid, lime
juice or rennet or a little curdled milk as a ferment to milk
previously boiled. In'the course of 12 hours the whole of the
milk thus acted upon is changed into a more or less thick,
acidulous, jelly-like mass. It contains a large proportion of
Kutritious substances. Whey (Hind. & Bom.—Chans) is the
fluid watery portion of milk left after the casein or curd (fat)
is separated. When evaporated it yields sugar of milk, one
or two nitrogenous elements, lactic acid and salts. Whey is
prepared by adding two teaspoonfuls of rennet or a little lime
juice to H pints of milk heated to 104°F. carefully, but
thoroughly breaking u p the clot which forms, i.e., allow the
eurds to settle, and then filter or strain through muslin. This
supernatent fluid or filtrate is called Whey. Taste, if very
sour, dilute by adding water and enough sugar to taste.
(AUenbury's Torch-Brand Rennet tablets provide a conve-
nient means of preparing whey). Lactose of milk sugar is a
crystallised, greyish white, odourless, faintly sweet, hard mass,
gritty when chewed, obtained from the whey of milk.
N.B.—Very instructive notes appear in an article entitled
"Artificial Feeding of Infants" by Dr. T. V. Muthu Swami
Chettiar, L.M.P., in "Medical Digest" Special Pediatrics Num-
ber, February 1936, of Bombay, and if any more information
seems necessary it can be read from the following headings:—
(1) Choice of a milk product.
(2) Bottle Feeding. ,
(3) Additions to the child's diet.
(4) Invalid Foods.
 180 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Action.—Milk is generally considered cooling, nutritive,

strengthening and vitalizing; also demulcent and emollient.
Milk is the vital fluid food of the class of the animal of which
it is the product. Action of bacteria on milk:—Bacterial
action destroys milk by fermentation and putrefaction. Fer-
mentation or souring is the usual change and consists in break-
ing down -the lactose to lactic acid which, in turn, causes pre-
cipitation of the casein. If the milk is soured by nonpatho-
genic organisms it is good, as then it becomes a perfectly
healthy food. Putrefaction is less common. It consists in the
precipitation of the casein followed by peptonising the curd.
I t occurs usually in boiled milk in which the spore-forming
bacilli, especially the hay bacillus and certain anaerobes have
introduced. Putrisfied milk consists of products of prot&iiv
decomposition and so it is apt to be poisonous. Alcoholic
fermentation can be produced by inoculation with certain
yeasts. Kumiss and Kefir are alcohoUc beverages made by
this means. Cow's milk is demulcent, nutrient, cardiac tonic,
excitive of memory (promotes memory), and is pleasant to
take, very wholesome, promotes strength and longevity and
increases the secretion of semen.. Its, chief defect is its rather
constipating effect. Boiling-, which kills the disease germs,
only seems to increase the constipating, effect which can be
counteracted to a- certain extent by eating wholemeal bread
with it. Ten ounces of such, bread with a pint of skim-milk
supplies a cheaper nutritious lunchl and forms a third of the
nutriment required for the whole day. In Ayurveda, proper-
ties of cow's milk according to colour of skin are mentioned
as follows:—(1) Milk of black cows—very wholesome and,
good in "Vayu" disease; (2) Milk of yellow cows—good in
"Vayu" and "Pitta" disease; (3) Milk, of white cows—heavy
of digestion and deranges "Kapha"; (4) Milk of red or
speckled cows—good in "Vayu" disease; (5) Milk of small
hill cows—more oily and heavy of digestion; (6) Milk of
scanty eater cows—heavy, increases "Kapha", is very good
tonic; (7) Milk of cows with calves—^good; (8) Milk of cows
without calves—^not good; (9) Milk of cows calved long ago—
good tonic, checks "THdosha".^(Jour. of Ayur. March 1926).
Among the South Indians, there exists an extraordinary and
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 181

universal but disastrous belief that the fat content of the

cow's milk is inimical to the child's health and gives rise to
enlargement of the liyer and spleen.—(Dr. T. V- Muthu
Swami Chettiar, L.M.P., Tirupur P.O., S.I.Ry.). Buffalo's milk
is sweeter, heavier and more oily than cow's milk; refrigerant,
difficult to digest, demulcent, cardiac stimulant, aphrodisiac,
phlegmatic and hypnotic. When taken in large quantities it
induces sleepiness, spoils appetite and brings on cold. With
some persons it causes purging. Buffalo's milk contains more
fat than the cow's milk and is heavier. Use oj Buffalo's milk
in infant feeding:—"Unfortunately, there is an. erroneous be-
lief that feeding children on buffalo's milk is apt to cause
catarrh of the children's respiratory tract. On the other hand,
it is of great value, easily obtainable, contains a lot of cream,
and if properly prepared, is an ideal substitute for human
milk. It may be given to children when they are six months
old or after the sixth month. Buffalo's milk should b e diluted
v/ith l / 3 r d its volume of water and the sugar deficiency made
up by the addition of a teaspoonful of sugar to every ounce
of milk so prepared. This will prove an ideal substitute for
breast-milk. For older babies (six months and after) buffa-
lo's milk may be given, as such, undiluted and in quantities
of four ounces twice or thrice a day".— (Dr. T. V. Muthu
Swami Chettiar, L.M.P.,,TirupUr, S.I.Ry.). Goat's miZfc is sweet,
cooling, astringent, and constipating. It is very invigorating
and promotes appetite and digestion. Ewe's milk is saltish,
heating and oily, and not easily digested; it contains fat 6.18
p . c , it causes eye-trouble. It is good for growth of hair but
causes respiratory trouble, ulcers on tongue, lips and gums.
Mare's milk is saltish, acidulous, strengthening, stimulant, de-
mulcent and alleviative of Kapha and Vatct, It is generally
used by the Moguls. Ass's m,ilk is • saltish and easily
digestible; stomachic, cardiac stimulant, antiphlegmatic. Flesh
is cardiac stimulant; urine is stimulant, stomachic and is use-
ful in gout. Camel's milk is light, sweet, slightly saline and
laxative; easily digestible, stimulant and stomachic. Sheep's
milk is alleviative of phlegm and bile. Human milk is light,
astringent, stomachic, refrigerant, demulcent, nutritive and
strengthening. Elephant's milk is sweetish, astringent, muscle-
 182 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

builder, heavy, fattening, increases vigour and strength. The

milk milked in the mornings due to the cooling influence of
the night and lack of exercise is heavy, constipative and refri-
gerant; the evening milk, as the animals are warmed by the
sun, exercise etc., relieves rheumatism and fatigue and is
beneficial to the eyes. Raw Tnilk (except human) is heavy;
boiled milk is lighter, but becomes soon contaminated arid
hence the need of care. Some are of opinion that milk is not
suitable to Indian stomach and not so easily digested as in
European stomach. European medicine has noted that milk
in some persons causes constipation, in others diarrhoea. The
latter is generdlly the case with Indians and pure milk diet
to Indian patients in diarrhoea is^ therefore, contra-indicatsd.
Yet- in certain cases of chronic diarrhoea with fever, with a
suspicion of tuberculosis it is not desirable to semi-starve the
paticTit when pure milk diet with mercurials (Farpatis) is
given with benefit, and no other food or drink (including
water) is given. Butter from cow's milk is tonic, cardiac,
stimulant, invigorating and stomachic. Butter from buffalo's
milk is "sweetish, astringent, refrigerant, demulcent, genera-
tive of semen, alleviative of wind and bile". Butter-milk is
astringent, light, cooling, appetising, nutritive and tonic.
Curds or Curdled milk is agreeable, digestive
and cooling; it is acid ^nd astringent, "re-
lieves Vayu, produces marrow, semen, strength and blood,
aggravates pitta and kapha, helps digestion, and is an appe-
tiser"; taken to excess it causes biliousness and catarrh. It is
good for meat:-eaters in whom proteolytic coli predominates.
It aggravates amylolytic fermentation and hence Ayurvedic
restriction for its free use by vegetarians. Ghee {Sans.—
Ghrita; Ghrittham. Hind.—Ghi. Ben.—Ghee; Ghrita. Tarn.
& Tel.—^Neyi) is chiefly prepared from' the milk of cows and
buffaloes. Cow's ghee is stomachic, nutritient, anti-bilious,
tonic, improves memory. Ghee is considered cooling, emol-
lient and stomachic. It increases the fatty tissues and mental
powers, improves the voice, beauty and complexion. Whey
has properties similar to those of curdled milk; in particular
it favours the circulation of the animal fluids and therefore
useful in constipation. Whey from buffalo's milk is "phleg-
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 183

matic and generative of oedema"; Curd of milk (kilataka) is

hard of digestion, but is nourishing, tonic, and suited to per-
sons with strong' digestive powers. Cream is also hard of
digestion but nourishing, agreeable and demulcent. Powdered
miSk (desiccated milk or Lactogen) is claimed to be sterile,
readily soluble in water, forming a homogeneous solution,
which does not cream, and forms small soft curds. Lactose is
nutrient; also uterine, stimulant and tonic. It is harder, less
soluble and less sweet than carie-sugar and therefore is a
hetter excipient and diluent for powders that require tritura-
tion. Lactose is a powerful diuretic—a renal diuretic like
caffeine and theobromine. Dilute acids convert it into glu-
cose. Nitric acid converts it into oxalic and mucic acids-^a
differentiating point from other sugars.

Uses.T--As an article of diet, milk is peculiarly adapted

for all—the children, the aged, wounded, emaciated, starved
or those exhausted by sexual excess, for suckling women, for
patients suffering from chronic fever, mental diseases, gastric
catarrh, ulcer and cancer- of the stomach, gastric disorders
such as dyspepsia, intestinal disorders as diarrhoea and dysen-
tery, albuminuria and other urinary complaints, ascites and
anasarca. But in "low fever" according to Susruta
"milk should not he drunk as it might even cause
death." A pure milk diet to the exclusion of every
article including salt and water even, is often prescribed
in the later stages of anasarca, ascites and chronic bowel
•complaints; along' with this diet some medicine as Dugdhavati,
Suvamaparpati or Matiamandu is usually prescribed. Milk is
useful in relieving irritation of the respiratory and digestive
tracts or organs. A mixture of equal quaiitities of skim milk
and cream is an excellent natural cure for acid stomach or
heart-burn. For persons troubled with insomnia a cup of hot
milk before retiring to bed is recommended. Malted milk is
also good for this condition. Persons complaining of a feeling
of distension after a drink of milk are recommended to add
and dissolve a pinch of salt to each cup of milk to be taken.
Milk is a very effective remedy in poisoning by corrosive sub-
limate, copper sulphate and even by corrosive acids. According
184 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

to Allopathy, in enteric fevers and mucous diarrhoea, milk is

administered freely diluted with barley water or with lime
water or any other diluent. According to Ayurveda, milk is
not given in mucous diarrhoea. Kemp says that sour milk is
beneficial in some patiznts having m,ucous diarrhoea, hut ag-
gravating in others! According to Allopathy in the treat-
ment of low-fever cases, fresh milk well diluted and peptonised
is useful. Milk is frequently used as a vehicle to poultices.
Dr. Moravesik of Budapest states that mil/c injections are more
effective in parasis than anti-syphilitic treatment—(Lancet)-
In acute iritis from, whatever cause improvement after milk
injections is prompt, especially the subsidence of pain"—-(Prac-
tical Medicine, March 1926). In infants who are constitu-
tionally predisposed to eczema (parental) injections of 1 to>
4 cc. of milk are given. Repeat the injections every fourth
d^y till 5 or 6 or even 10 injections are given—(Junagadh
RosuUkanji Hospital Bulletin). Milk protein injections:—
"Dr. Geo. Gelhorn says"—"While milk protein injections
cannot be expected "to raise the dead" they do much to build
u p the natural immunity to the patient in certain-
crises. Ophthalmic^ physicians and surgeons are
using them in corneal ulcer with 100 p.c. results. Injection of
milk 5 cc. the first, 8 cc. the third day and 10 cc. for following
injections with an interval of one or two days between injec-
tions; this interval to be lengthened if severe reactions occur.
Reactions, as a rule, occur after the first two or three injections
only, and the severity of the reaction has nothing to do with
the results accomplished. The course of treatment consists
usually of ten injections, although remarkable results have
followed three or four doses. The white cell count was dis-
tinctly raised, although quite gradually, after injections to full
normal. He stated that he was using milk protein before
operations".—(Clinical Medicine). As an embrocation to clear
the skin and complexion, milk is appHed to the body and
within half an hour the application is followed by a w a r m
bath. Goat's milk, plain or medicated, is useful in phthisis
(consumption), bile (pitta), cough, chronic diarrhoea and vo-
miting in children; "pitta" variety of "Arsa" (piles); cures
dyspnoea, bronchitis, chronic cases of enlarged liver and
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 185

spleen, and gastrorrhagia. With barley-gruel goat's milk is

recommended \ylien the patient suffering from dysenteric
diarrhoea is weak, and goat's milk alone and ghee from it are
by themselves very good diet in convalescence after diarrhoea.
Ewe's or Sheep's milk !is beneficial in obesity, flatulence and
gonorrhoea; is a good diet in rheumatism and hectic cough.
Ass's milk is useful in general debility, high coloured and
scanty urine. It is extensively used as a remedy against cough
and liver complaints especially among children and old people,
and in chronic bronchitis, pertussis and consumption. Mare's
milk is beneficial in the 'rheumatism of the extremities.
Camel's milk is useful in oedema, dropsy, asthma, phthisis,
leprosy, general scrofulous conditions, infiammations, cancers,
piles, intestinal worms, skin lesions, abdominal tumours and
poisonings. It is used in Asia. Human milk is recommended
as a coUyrium and as an application to head in eye complaints,
and in epistaxis, for irrigation of the nose, as well as for irri-
gating the eyelids. It is recommended also to grown up people
suffering from chronic asthma and consumption. In China
those suffering from chest diseases suck women and find relief!
Elephant's milk is beneficial to the eyes. Its curd
is beneficial in sula pains and in diseases resulting
from vitiated Kapha'. The butter and ghee is stoma-
chic, antiphlegixiatic, antibilious and anthelmintic. BiMer froTn
cow's milk is used with sugar in phthisis, piles, chronic dysen-
tery, anorexia, facial paralysis etc. It agrees best with the old
and young. It is given in irritation of the alimentary canal in
albuminuria and in diabetes; it is beneficial in chronic dysen-
tery, piles, trismus and anorexia—(Charaka). In dysentery
it is used with sang jirun. Use of plenty of butter and other
fatty foods is a preventive and curative of Beri-beri. Locally it is
smeared over the leaves of Calotropis gigantea, Argyreia spe-
ciosa, etc., and used as soothing applications over the abdomen
in colic. Two tolas of cow's butter washed in water one hun-
dred times and mixed with half a tola of sandal oil is an appli-
cation that cures all sorts of sores—Pandit J. L. Duveji. Plan-
tain leaves besmeared with butter are used as a coating over
burnt or blistered surfaces. Butter from goat's m,ilk is "sto-
machic, cardiac, alleviative of tridoshas and beneficial in eye-
 186 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDIGA

diseases; alleviative of cough, phthisis and phlegm (kapha).

Butter from any milk is a fatty food arid is used also as an oint-
ment base. Butter milk is efficacious in cases of dyspepsia;
.and is of great use in feeding infants suffering from diarrhoea.
It is a fine remedy for most cases of digestive disturbance, es-
pecially those accompanied by fever. It is a sovereign bever-
age for those who are predisposed to attacks of appendicitis,
a nice beverage in a tropical country like India and is largely
used by the middle and poorer classes. It is found to contain
vitamin C. Butter-milk or water mixed with 6 mashas (70
grains) of alum powder or Bhringraj leaves pestled in a mortar
cause vomiting and thus counteract poisonous effects in cases
of serpent-bites. Wkey. is highly useful, in phfhisis, dysentery,
piles, tumours, coUc, catarrh, aiid iresh whey from cow's milk
^is especially recommended, medicated with carminatives, ac-
"Y cording to Ayurveda, in chronic diarrhoea when carbo-hydrate
is contra-indicated, and particularly when "Vayu" is deranged
in excess in order to check fermentation; in convalescence after
diarrhoea, and in chronic cases of enlarged liver and spleen.
Whey is generally very good, particularly so. in "Vayu-Kapha"
variety of piles, when the internal channels are blocked, and
is excellent when given with rock-salt. It is also recommend-
ed in strangury, in constipation, splenitis, stomatitis, adiposis,
flatulence and also in jaundice where it is given with carbo-'
nates of potassium and sodium. In fevers attended with cor-
yza and anorexia, whey mixed with trikatu is given with much
benefit. A diet of whey, fruit and vegetables is iiiuch in vogue
•for those who have lived too freely. In gasfro-^intestinal dis-
turbances of children whey in doses of 2 to 4 ounces per feed
every three or iour hours is given. Whey can very well be
used whenever a fatrfree diet is required, especially in feeding
small, weak or premature babies or invalid children who can-
not digest fat. Curd is usefully given in anorexia, nausea, vo*
miting and rheumatism. It is given with pomegranate bark
01' sanga-jirun in diarrhoea or dysentery in children. Whey
jrom buffalo's milk is "beneficial in spleen, piles, diarrhoea and
cholera." Curdled milk is useful in jaundice fever and urinary
disorders, and is an antidote of copper. Curds mixed with
i l a c k pepper administered to the person bitten by serpent
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 187

is said to counteract the effects of poison.—(Pundit J. L.

Duveji). Ayurvedic practice is not to give, curd (fermented
milk) in mucous diarrhoea, but a solution of milk, salt and
sugar by curdling the milk by lime-juice and straining the
curd, the watery portion left is given. Ghee by itself or mixed
with honey, is much esteemed as an application over wounds,
inflammatory swellings, and blistered surfaces, with either
betel or plantain leaves, for promotion of quick healing; ghee
is also used in the preparation of medicated oils, and as an
ointment base. It is locally annointed in irritability of the
i-kin, used as an injection in wasting diseases. Internally it is
given with honey, sugar and with mineral ashes (Bhasmas) or
Matras in tympanitis, painful dyspepsia and retained secre-
tions. "Ghee, sugar-candy or honey mixed is a medicine i o t
all ordinary complaints .of children." "To those children, who
incessantly cry and do not suck mother's milk give sodium
chloride mixed with ghee and sugar-candy"—Pdt. J.L. Duveji.
Ghee is dropped into the, nose in coryza and applied to the
face to improv'5 complexion and impart beauty. According to
Darpana, in strong fevers, an emulsion of sandalwood and of
old ghee or clarified butter that has been washed a hundred
times in cold water, or an emulsion of black pepper and ghee,
is used for applying to the body of the patient, .followed in
about half an hour by a tepid bath; then he is made to lie on the
"bedding made of the leaves of Nelumbium speciosum. Purana
ghrita (old ghee) or ghee more than ten years old has a strong
pungent odour and reddish-brown colour. It is a very valu-
able external application in pleurisy and painful'affections of
joints. Ghee or clarified butter a hundred years old is some-
times available; some, specimens of it are quite dry and hard
and nearly inodorous. They look more like some sort of earth
than an animal substance. I t is first repeatedly washed with
cold w^ater and then rubbed with cold water till it is reduced
to a soapy frothy fluid which is used as a liniment. It is re-
garded as cooling and emollient and is much used as a lini-
ment in nervous diseases siich as insanity, epilepsy, neuralgia,
paralysis, cephalalgia and asthma, in rheumatic affections, stiff
joints, burning of the body., liands or feet, affections of the eyes
«tc.— (Chakra). It has also a great reputation for reducing
188 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

the temperature in fever. This is doubtless due to the free-

perspiration induced by the application. For pains in the
breast, old ghee mixed with the powder of dry ginger proves
highly beneficial. Ghee which is 111 years old is called Maha-
ghrita. It is "demulcent and alleviative of wind and phlegm".
Ghee from bujfalo milk is "flatulent, cardiac, excitive of diges-
tive fire, and generative of the secretion of semen, and is b e n e -
ficial in piles and diarrhoea"- Ghrita (ghee) from camel's Tnilh
is refrigerant and stomachic, and is good in "Vayu" variety of
"Arsa" (piles), useful in convulsions, worms and leprosy.
Cream is used as a vehicle for certain calxes administered untO'
a patient of pulmonary consumption, cough and asthma.
Lactose is useful in debility, phthisis, gastric irritability, and
fpf sweetening the food of infants. It is specially useful iiii
tiie dropsy of cardiac or renal origin. As uterine stimulant
it is given in protracted labour, after the os has been fuUy
dilated. Buttermilk, whey, protein milk and peptonised milk
are commonly used in feeding invalid children.
Purity of milk is most important. Dangers of i m p u r e
milk are many. Spread of disease by milk, through contami-
nation of milk supply:—
(1) By contamination from the udder, bovine t u b e r -
culosis and Malta fever or brucella infection are transmitted..
(2) Milk sickness is a poisoning caused by drinking milk
of cows suffering from trembles, a disease of the cows due to>
poisoning from eating the rayless golden rod.
(3) Scarlet fever, septic sorethroat, typhoid fever, diph-
theria, dysenterj^, diarrhoea due to bacillus enteritidis or some'
&uch organism, are the common diseases spread as a result of
contamination by infected persons handling milk.
(4) By contamination of milk supply by flies, almost a n y
diseases with discharges, suppuration or excreta as dysentery,
cholera, typhoid group of fevers, diarrhoea, pyogenic or septic-
infections may be transmitted.
Prevention of these diseases is hy pasteurising the milh
soon after it is obtained.
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 189

Milk is rendered safe from tubercle etc., by heating it over

the flame of a gas-ring turned very low and slowly or over
-any other form of slow heat to about 170°F., and then taking
it off and allowing it to stand in a cool larder or place; skim
off the cream next morning and the residual "scald" milk be-
•comes fit for Use. Pasteurisation consists in killing the bacteria
of milk by heating it to a temperature of 142°F., to 145°F., for'
30 minutes, chilling it at once and protecting i t from any sub-
sequent contamination by careful handling. Effects of boil-i
ing milk:-^(l) Milk becomes sterile, all the bacteria having
been killed. (2) Milk takes on a yellowish tinge due to chan-.
.ges in the milk proteins and partial caramalisation of lactose.
Albumin is. coagulated, and casein partially breaks down. (3)-
-Fat globules are broken up and clusters of globules separated
.so that a C3::eam line forms less readily. (4) Some of the cal-
cium is precipitated out as insoluble calcium phosphate. (5)
Small amounts of antiscorbutic and. antiricketic vitamins p r e -
sent in fresh milk are destroyed. (6) .Enzymes present a r e
rendered inactive. Hess and Matz of New York (J.A.M.A.^
May 17, 1924) say that "lemon juice may be added directly to
cow's milk, 21 c.c. (about 5-1 drachms) to a quart, of milk, with-,
out producing curdling. In this way the milk is rendered more
digestible and its true acidity in the stomach is made to. resem-
hle more nearly that of human milk. Infants thrive well on
it. Lemon juice also supplies the antiscorbutic vitamin". Ad-^
vantages of the use of boiled milk in infant feeding are:—(l)i
I t is sterile and so ;free from disease-causing organisms. (2)
Casein is precipitated in small, easily friable curds, i.e., in an
•easily digestible form.

To avoid any deficiencies in infant-feeding, for every one

•ounce of breast-milk, one and a half ounces of undiluted cow's
milk should be given with half to one teaspoonful of sugar
per ounce. "During the first six months after birth, when, the
child is expected to live entirely on mother's milk, if the mo-
ther is a delicate and weak individual, lacking in the quality
and quantity of breast-milk necessary for the child, the child
besides being given artificial feeding, cow's milk properly 'hu-
manized' may be used during this period of six months to sup-
 190. THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

plement breast-feeding. After the sixth month, cow's milk

with wheat and ragi flour made into conji is gradually super-
added. The patent foods now flooding the market and strain-
ing the financial resources of parents cannot have the vitamin
value of fresh milk and fresh wheat and ragi flour. It is,,
therefore, essential that both from the economical and the nu-
tritional points of view, the fresh cereals, wheat and ragi, which
contain sufficient protein, carbohydrate and vitamins, should
be preferred to the patent foods. Most of our infantile trou-
bles and mortality are due to bad feeding and could be obvia-
ted by the judicious use of our nourishing cereals with cow's
milk".—(Rao Bahadur Dr. M. Keshava Pai, O.B.E., M.D.). T h e
usuai practice of infant feeding' is to dilute the cow's milk with
an equal volume of water, then boil it, allow the cream to set-
t l e , and remove the cream so settled; it is given to the child,
adding sugar ji;st to taste. Though such removal of the cream
does not totally deprive the milk of its fat content, the remain-
ing fat is quite inadequate to meet the child's requirements.
By this practice, the protein, sugar, fat and salt (not to speak
of the vitamins) contents of the milk are very much lowered
and the child so fed suffers from malnutrition, emaciation and
constipation. When the child so fed is constipated, under the
erroneous belief that it is the fat content of the prepared milk
that is causing constipation, the milk is still further diluted
and thus the fat content removed in its (almost) entirety, and
the child is fed on milk so prepared. The result is that the
existing constipation is aggravated, the liver hypertrophies as^
its functions are not fully exerted and the spleen also hyper-
trophies. Only in the later stages (i. e., by the time the liver
atrophies and becomes smaller in size either on account of dis-
use, disease or toxic irritation) does the enlargement of the
spleen becomes obvious. Meanwhile, the child re-
quires a rectal injection of glycerine every day to
have a regular bowel motion. These cases, if not
attended to early and if the dietary deficiency is
not made good at an early date, almost, as a rule, seek an
early grave. On the other hand, when a child is fed on a
mixed feeding of breast-milk and such diluted cow's milk, it
does not suffer from severe constipation, enlargement of the
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 191,

liver or spleen, but growth and development are considerably

(Jelayed and symptoms of rickets set in.— (Dr. T. V. Muthu,
Swami Chettiar, L.M.P., Tirupur, S.I. Kly.).

7§A. OKYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS (formerly LEPUS

RUFICAUDATUS, Geoff.)
(Eng.—^Rabbit. Sans._—Sasaka, Bert.—^Khargosh). Flesh
is refrigerant, astringent, stomachic and cardiac stimulant;
beneficial in fever, jaundice, diarrhoea with fever, phthisis,
cough and piles.

80. MABUIA CARINATA, Schneid.

(Eng.—Indian Skink. Punj.—Regmahi). Oil is restorative,,
stimulant, aphrodisiac and antisyphilitic.

81. MACASUS RHESUS

(Eng.—Monkey. Stins. Hind. & Ben.—Banar). Flesh is
difficult to digest and haematinic; beneficial in eye diseases,,
phthisis, cough arid piles.

82. MEL
(See:—Apis Mellifica)
(Class:—Hymenoptera)
Sans.—Madhu; Makshika. Eng.—Honey. Arab.—^Injubin;
Asatulnahl. Pers.-^Shadad Angabina. Punj.—Saht. Kash.—
Mhach. Duk.Shahad. Hind. Ben. & GMJ.—Madha. Mah.
Madh. Kan.—Mhou. Tarn. & MaZ.—Taen. T«I.—Taenu.
Can.—Jaentuppa. Sink.—Mipanny. Burm.—Pya-ya. Malay.—
Ayurmader.
Source.-^Beehive or honey comb, where it is deposited by
l^ie honey-bee. It occurs in the nectaries of flowers where-
 192 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

from it is sucked by the bees and then stored up in the comb-

The finest honey is the virgin honey which drains itself from
the comb, and that which is freshly procured from the hive.
Honey sold in the bazaars is derived from the honey-comb of
several species of wild bees.

Characters.—It is a viscid, saccharine substance, semi-

translucent liquid of a light yellowish-brown colour, of an
aromatic odour and of a sweet acrid taste. After a time it be-
comes opaque and crystalline.

Constituents.—Grape-sugar or dextrose which becomes

crystalline, fruit-sugar or levulose which remains liquid; wax,
volatile oil; proteids, mucilage, colouring matter, formic acid
and ash; (rich in carbohydrates). Some of the substances
'Contained are pollen dust, ethereal- oil, yarious phosphates,
lime (calcium) and iron. Most of the elements found in the
human body are, in small proportions, present in honey. The
dextrose and levulose present in it are monosaccharides and
are absorbed easily. As regards the vitamin content, it is
stated that honey contains both the fat-soluble and waiter-
soluble principles. Honej' jcontains a special protein secreted
by the bee. In addition it contains a diastatic ferment similar j
to that of saliva and having the power of converting starch
into sugar. In short, chemically, honey is mainly a mixture
of dextrose and levulose.

Varieties.—Eight sorts of honey are described by Sus-

ruta:—(1) Makshika or the honey collected by the common
bee called madhumakshika. (2) Bhramara, or the honey col-
lected by a large black bee called hhramara. This is bene-
ficial in phlegm, cough, fever and epistaxis. It is used as a
linctus. (3) Kshaudra, or honey collected by a sort of small
bee of tawny colour,, called Kshudra. This is useful in eye
diseases. It possesses all the properties of Makshika madhu.
(4) Pauttika, or honey collected by a small black bee resem-
bling a gnat, called puttika. (5) Chhatra, or honey formed by
tawny or yellow wasps which makes their hives in the shape
of umbrellas. This is beneficial in haematemesis, worms, leu-
cbderma, gonorrhoea and alleviative of giddiness, hysteria and
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 193

poison. (6) Argha or wild honey collected by a sort of yel-

low bee like the hhrqmara. This is beneficial in "eye diseases,
piles, cholera, cough, phthisis, jaundice and ulcers." (7)
Audalaka is a bitter and acrid substance found in the nests
of white ants. (8) Dala or unprepared honey found on flowers.
It is "producive of digestive fire, generative of bile and bene-
ficial in phlegm, gonorrhoea and vomiting". Of these' varieties
the first four only are described by writers and the first alone
is used in medicine.
Action.—New honey is considered demulcent and laxa-
tive- Honey mere than a year old is astringent, demulcent,
detergent, pectoral, emollient and laxative. It also possesses
nutritive properties. The fatty acids present in honey stimu-
late peristalsis and digestion. Honey in moderate doses has
a beneficial effect on the digestion and appetite of those with
weak stomachs and loose bowels. Its value lies in providing
a readily absorbable food. It is the most potent fuel to pro-
vide energy for muscle, and consequently most valuable for
that all-important, most vital muscle—the heart, which knows
no complete physical rest. Lime in honey is wonderful in
regulating the secretions of internal glandular organs, being
equally good for persons of both sexes, irrespective of age—
from infancy to old age. Again it has hypnotic action in bring-
ing sound sleep if taken with cold water before going to bed
in doses of 2 teaspoonfuls in a big cupful of water. Babies
generally fall asleep after taking honey. It decreases flatulence
and increases general metabolism and also the quantity of
urine among children. Locally applied it stimulates the mu-
cous surfaces, when in an atonic condition. It also acts as
styptic. A. special protein secreted by the bees contained in
honey, when inoculated into rabbits causes the formation of
antibodies in the serum.

Uses.—Honey is much used in the preparation of confec-

tions and electuaries and as an adjunct to decoctions, pills and
powders. Of all the natural foods rich in carbohydrates honey
is the most wholesome, valuable and delicious. As a demul-
cent, honey and warm barley water are given internally in
constipation and indigestion, in bronchial affections, asthma,
13
 194 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

chronic colds, troublesome coughs and sore-throat. It- is a

useful laxative for children who take it readily; and it is safer
and far better for them than cane-sugar. When combined with
milkj honey forms an ideal food for growing children and adults.
A mixture of honey and distilled vinegar or lime-juice in
equal parts melted together by gentle heat is an excellent ad-
junct to cough niixtures and for the coughs of children this
combination with an equal quantity of water with or without a
few drops of paregoric is an excellent remedy. Honey is a
pleasant vehicle for administering bitter mixtures for cough
and fever especially in children. In severe cases of malnutri-
tion with heart weakness and in cases of pneumonia, honey
has been found to have a marked effect in reviving the heart's
action and keeping the patient alive. Dr. G. N. W- Thomas
"^ites (Lancet—Health, Feb. 1925) a case of pneumonia in
which the patient consumed 2 lbs. of honey during the illness;
and there was an early crisis with no subsequent rise of
temperature and an exceptionally good pulse. Instead of de-
pending on niilk and beef-extracts, as is done in so many
cases of fever where the stores of sugar in the body are being
rapidly used up, he suggests that honey should be given for
general physical repair and above all for heart-failure and
grapes constitute a valuable adjuvant. He further states.—
"If sugar and pre-eminently honey be the most potent energy
for muscle, should we not remember to give it for that all-
important and most vital muscle of all—the heart which gets
no complete physical xest: other muscles, yes, but for the
heart, no respite—until the tale is told." In the West, honey
is coming into more and more extensive use in curing rickets,
marasmus, malnutrition, scurvy and other conditions in which
various malts, like cod-liver oils and other patent foods were
formerly prescribed. In old age honey is specially useful in
providing energy and heat to the body, which has little of it
at that stage. In addition to it "it dries up the phlegm and
clears the system of mucus which are the two necessary weak-
nesses that a man generally falls victim to in his old age." A
teaspoonful or two in a cupful of boiling water and taken while
still warm is a refreshing and strengthening draught, giving
much relief to those suffering from asthma. The use of honey
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 195

internally and of sunlight externally to the body direct, has

been eulogised as an ideal remedy to regulate the secretion of
the internal glands and calcium metabolism. Practitioners of
Hindu-Greek-Arabic Schools of Medicine give honey to dia-
betics with many of their medicinal preparations. The fer-
ment and a special protein as well as the Vitamins in honey^
perhaps account for the beneficial action of honey in diabetes.
Since honey consists of veluloss it is not harmful in diabetes.
A paste of it with flour is a popular application to promote
maturation of abscesses, ulcers and buboes. As an emollient,
it is used as a gargle to cure aphthae in the mouth and as a
vehicle to other agents; it is used as an application to the
throat in thrush and pseudo-membranous deposits. As suck
it is also applied to sore nipples and to swollen mammae for
drying up milk. With lime (chuna) it is used as an external
application to the temples in headache, to the abdomen or
round the navel in colic and to other painful parts, such as
bruises and sprains. Honey by itself or mixed with ghee, ap-
plied to burns, ulcers, scalds and wounds soothes and heals
them rapidly. Rubbed over the teeth with charcoal powder
it makes them clean and white as snow. Rubbed over greasy,
dirty hands, it cleanses them rapidly.

It is said that Goliath and Hercules of ancient times and

Ramamurthi the great Indian Sandow, were in the habit of
taking daily honey in their diet. Hence their might, strength
and infinite capacity for work. Not only to those who wish
to build up a strong body, but also to those suffering froni
diabetes, honey is a wholesome food, as those cannot indulge
in any kind of sugar.

83. MEL DEPURATUM

or 84. MEL DESPUMATUM
(Eng.—Clarified honey) is the honey of Commerce, melt-
ed in a water-bath and strained while hot through flannel
previously moistened with water. It is a viscid translucent
liquid of light yellowish or brownish-yellow colour, gradually
 ;196 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

becoming partially crystalline and opaque, of characteristic

odour and of very sweet taste. It is demulcent, laxative, and
nutritive; used chiefly as a vehicle for other medicines, e,g„
powders; it is also one of the best vehicles for medicines used
for curing cough, asthma, fever, dyspepsia, etc. It consists
mainly of various kinds of sugars.

85. MONOVALVE SHELL

(See:—Gastropoda.)

86. MOSCHUS MOSCHIFERUS

(Class:—Ruminantia)
Sans.—Kasturi; Mriganabhi; Mrigamadha. Eng.—Musk.
Arab. & Pers.—Mishk. Hind. Ben. Guj. Mah. Kon. Can. Tarn.
Tel. & Mai.—Kasturi. Duk.—Mushk. Sink.—Urula. x Burm.—
Kado. Malay.—Jabat.
Source,—Musk producing animal (Musk-deer) is found
generally in China, Russia, Assam, Central Asia, and pine
forests and the inaccessible cliffs above 8000 feet of the Hima-
layas. "Musk is found in these animals only in the rutting
season and is undoubtedly for the purpose of attracting the
female."^ "Chinese traders say that the best kind of musk
is not obtained from captured animals, but is gathered from
the .favourite haunts of the deer after the rutting season,
when the animal breaks the gland with its hoof and empties
the contents on the ground. Musk of this kind is extremely
difficult to obtain and is, therefore, rarely seen on the
market."^
' Characters.—Musk proper is an inspissated and dried
secretion (testicular extract) from the preputial follicles of
the male musk deer (Moschus moschiferus). "The material
,js found embedded in a sac which is oval or round with a
diameter of about l i inches; the upper surface is flat with a
smooth membrane and the under surface is covered with stiff
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 197

hairs arranged concentrically round a small opening".^ The

animal on an average yields 2 to 4 drachms of the secretion.
Each animal (male) yields one musk-pod 2 inches in dia-
meter. It occurs in irregular, reddish black, slightly unctuous
grains. "Musk when fresh is milky but later turns viscid
and assumes a brownish-red colour. It retains its strong dif-
fusible odour for a long time and has a bitter aromatic taste";^
it is soluble in alcohol to the extent of about 10 per cent,
in water to about 50 per cent, also in ether and alkalies. The
watery solution is faintly acid. It stains the paper yellow and
when burnt it gives off urinous smell, leaving greyish ash
about 8 per cent. The smell entirely disappears when tritu-
rated with camphor, powdered ergot, valerian, bitter almonds,
fennel, garlic, hydrocyanic acid or oily seeds, or when long
dried over the fumes of sulphuric acid. The odour returns
on exposure to the air and moisture. "Musk is remarkable
for the power, permanency, and stability of its odour, everj^-i
thing in its vicinity becoming affected by it and retaining t h e
sceht for a long time".^

Constituents.—Musk contains ammonia, oleine, choles-

terin, fat, wax, gelatinous matter, albuminous substances and
leaves an ash. Ash is composed chiefly of the chlorides of
potassium, sodium and calcium. "Musk yields by distilla-
tion with steam and subsequent purification, a small percent-
age of a viscid, colourless oil with a very powerful and agree-
able odour of musk; this oil appears to be a Ketone and has
been termed muskone."^
Varieties.—Bhavaprakash describes three varieties of
musk, viz: Kamrup, Nepala and Kashmir a musk. Assam
musk or Kamrup musk is of a very strong odour, of black
colour, superior to the others, and hence costlier. It is prob-,
ably China or Tibet (Chinese) musk brought via Kamroop.
Nepala musk is described as of bluish-black in colour and
intermediate quality. Kashmira musk is inferior to all.
"Russian musk possesses a poor fragrance and hence is not
much esteemed".'' "Chinesg or 'Tonkin' musk is. at present
the most highly prized because of its freedom from any un-i
pleasant smell suggestive of ammonia which is sometimes
198 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

found in the inferior brands. A variety of musk known as

'Gabardine' musk which comes from the northern parts of
Mongolia and Manchuria, is not used for first-class products
because of its penetrating unpleasant odour".8
Remarks.—^The term "musk" is loosely applied to a num-
ber of products of both animal and vegetable origin charac-
terised by the peculiar odour of the true perfume. The season
during which musk is present in the skin gland covers about
one month and in order to secure the valuable secretion of the
gland, the animal must be caught in the rutting period. No
musk is obtainable from animals in the other seasons of the
year. The contents of the pod vary in bulk with the age of
the animal. A yearling yields scarcely any miisk, and a two-
year-old fawn has in its skin gland contents one-eighth of an
jKunce of musk, which is milky, and has an unpleasant smell.
A full-grown buck gives about two ounces, but specimens
containing one-third to one-half of an ounce of musk are com-
mon.^ "The odour of musk is so strong that it can be per-
ceived at a distance when the animal is shot and it is said that,
the hunters very frequently suffer from the strong odour
emanating from the fresh musk as it acts deleteriously on the
nervous system, eye-Sight and hearing."'"
Action.—According to Ayurveda, musk is a diffusible
gtimulantj anodyne, antispasmodic, cardiac, expectorant, dia-
phoretic, diuretic, laxative, antiseptic and aphrodisiac. It
acts principally on the heart and the nervous system. It
exhilarates the mind and stimulates the brain, spinal cord
and the peripheral nerves. It improves the circulation and
raises arterial tension. It is a stimulant of the urino-genital
organs. It is also reputed to stimulate the respiratory centre.
It is eliminated in the urine, sweat and milk. When taken,
its first effects are to stimulate the vascular system and the
brain. After a time it acts as a narcotic or soporific. Its
effects are more manifest in excitable and nervous persons
than in others. "In Western medicine, according to Mudaliar,
David and Reddy's experiments in 1929 of musk-solution and
tincture of musk administered orally in doses of 2 grains, and
intravenous injections of 10 to 20 mgm. of the soluble portion
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 199

of musk in 1 to 2 c.c. of water respectively, to animals, have

shown, that musk has no sedative effect'^ and .has a well-
marked effect on the cellular elements of the blood. The
total number of leucocytes are said to be, increased after oral
administration. This effect is particularly marked in
patients who have leucopenia, the total leucocytic count be-
ing doubled in some patients after musk, while comparatively
little change is produced in normal individuals or in those
with leucocytosis. They administered 10 to 20 minims of
tincture of musk in an ounce of water and found that within
half to one hour after administration the total leucocyte count
showed a definite increase. These observations were lateit-
disproved by experiments at the Carmiehael Hospital for
Tropical Piseases!"^^ "Experiments in animals under ure-
thane anaesthesia have shown that injections of musk-solution,
and application of same to nasal mucous membrane, showed
that musk has got no special action on: the respiratory system.
Valentin (1903) has estimated that a total of 0.02 mgm.
(0,00,000,009 mgm. per litre) can be distinctly smelt by human
beings. From this, the strong sensory stimulation which is
produced may be easily imagined"..'^

Action & Uses in Ayurveda & Siddha,—Mathura tikta

rasam, katu anurasam^ ushna veeryam, kapha vata haram,
guru, aphrodisiac, in poisoning, antispasmodic, vomiting,
cold, foul smell, tonic, cough, rakta-pittam.—(Therapeutic
Notes).

Action & Uses in Uriani.—Hot 3°, Dry 2°, tonic to heart

and brain, increases vitality, nervous diseases, paralysis, apo-
plexy, increases hararath." In cold, diseases of cold in head,
pregnancy, low temperature and anti-kapha.—(Therapeutic
Notes).
Uses.—Musk is largely used in perfumery, its aroma be-
ing very lasting and holding more evanescent perfumes with
it. "Perfumers use rnusk for imparting an odour to soaps,
powders, and mixing liquid perfumery".^'' "In indigenous,
medicines of India musk is used as nerve sedative in epilepsy,,
hysteria and convulsions in-children",!^ and "as an antispas-
200 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

modic and anodyne in low fevers, chronic cough, general

debility and impotence. Its fame as a cardiac stimulant is
so great that it is almost the last resort when everything else
has failed to support the heart".'^ In Western medicine as a.
diffusible stimulant it is used in various adynamic fevers as
typhoid, typhus, and typho-remittent fevers and in all typhoid
conditions as collapse of delirium tremens, coma, typhoid-
pneumonia; as an antispasmodic it is given in "gout, in lock-
jaw or tetanus, hydrophobia, epileptiform and hysterical at-
tacks, chorea, whooping cough, hiccup, asthma, colic, laryngis-
mus stridulus, etc.''^' Under its use the patient gets refresh-
ing sleep. "In removing rigidity of plague cases or menin-
gitis it has no equal".—(H. G. Sen). As an aphrodisiac it is
given in combination with other aphrodisiacs in seminal weak-
ness and impotence. "Tincture of musk is very largely used
'-J)y medical men in India in doses of 10 to 30 minims as a
cardiac stimulant, in depressed conditions of the nervous sys-
tem and as an aphrodisiac."^® Musk externally applied to the
body acts through the pores as a rejuvenator. In palpita-
tion of the heart it is useful. "It is prescribed sometirries
alone and sometimes in combination with 'Makaradhwaja'
(insoluble sulphide of mercury) and Sida cordifolia".^^ "Dr.
Mitra of Kashmir (1898) found musk of great value in cardiac.
,asthenia due to plague. He used powdered musk with great
benefit".^" "Tamil physicians in South India, prescribe m u s k
combined with opium, to children in cases of convulsions."^^
"According to Allopathy, in convulsions of children where
no definite causative factor can be determined, musk has been,
used with promising results in combination with chloral
hydras (gr. 5 to gr. 10 according to age) and tincture of musk
(10 drops to 30 drops) ".^^ Musk is used in brain affections
which are generally a tonic, "Crookshank (1905) spoke well
of musk in acute specific infections resulting in toxic involve-
ment of the central nervous system. He used 5 grains of the
powdered musk every 2 hours with satisfactory results".^*
I n the advanced stages of cholei-a infantum its good effects.
are due to its preventing effusion upon the brain. In mental
and bodily fatigue leading to sleeplessness, musk is very use-
ful. It is contra-indicated in cases where there is a deter-
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 201

mination of blood to the brain or where there is any organic

compHcation. Musk is also reputed in curing dyspepsia and
colitis. In metastatic gout where the disease affects the sto-
mach or the head, musk gives immediate relief. Dose is one-
tenth of a grain for adults; and for children one-sixtieth to
one-fortieth of a grain. In low fevers with prostration, "an-
aemia and general debility as a result of chronic ailments"-''*,
two grains of musk with two of Makaradhwaja are given
every twelve hours with the addition of honey. In remittent
fever of low type Svalpa Kasturi Bhairava Rasa recommend-
ed in Rasendrasarasangraha, is given. It contains cinnabar,
aconite, borax, nutmeg, mace, long pepper, black pepper and
musk, equal parts made into four-grain pills. In hoarseness
and loss of speech a linctus known as Mriganabhyadirabaleha
prescribed in Bhavaprakash made up of musk, cardamoms,
cloves, cinnamon and dates in equal parts with honey and
clarified butter is given. For general depression a pill made
of 1 grain of musk and 3 grains of camphor is useful. As an
alterative tonic in a variety of diseases, especially in chronic
affections of the lungs supposed to be caused by deranged
phlegm Vasantatilakarasa described in Rasendrasarasangraha
is given; also in dyspepsia of phthisis and other grave
conditions in weak patients. It is prepared thus:—Take of
prepared gold 1 part, talc' and tin 2 parts each, Iron 3 parts,
rasasindura and calcined pearls and coral, 4 parts each; mix
them together, soak for seven days in the juice of sugar-cane,
of the fruits Tribulus terrestris and of other strengthening
vegetables. Enclose the mass iii a covered crucible and roast
it in a sand-bath for three hours. Lastly add to it four parts
of camphor and four of musk and make into four-grain pills.
Vishagbhushan Kaviraj A. C. Bisharad reports (Jour, of
Ayur., Aug. 1925) a case of paralysis of tongue in an old lady
of 80 years, rapidly cured by a rnixture of Musk, Makara-
dhwaja, reduced gold and mica, reduced coral and pearl 1
grain each, dividing the mixture in three equal doses and
administered with the concentrated decoction of the roots of
Sida cordifolia and the root-bark of Arjuna tree i tola each,
in addition to Lakshmihilasa rasa one pill at 2 p.m. administer-
ed together with 12 grains of rock salt and 30 drops of ginger
 202 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

juice—(See under "Mica"). The following simple remedies

are also very useful:—(1) Take of musk J drachm, dry ginger
2 drachms, asafoetida 4 drachms, black-pepper 2 drachms.
Mix and reduce the whole to a fine powder. Dose is 5 to 20
grains; used in spasmodic and convulsive affections, such as
asthma and hysteria. (2) Take of musk 1, Andropogon
muricatus 5, cloves 5, ambergris 1, gold leaf 2, and honey 28
parts. Mix and make a pill mass. Dose is 1 to 2 grains; used
in colliquative sweats.
N. B.:—"Chopra's work, both experimental and clinical,
does not bear out the cardiac-tonic and leucocyte-raising
properties";2^ that "there appears to be no foundation for
belief in its efficacy in epilepsy, chorea and in convulsions
of children, and hysteriform attacks; that in whooping cough
^ n d colic, its action resembles the drugs of the essential-oil
"^group; and that the importance of musk in the indigenous
medicine in India, has been very much over-rated and that
it has not got any marked physiological or therapeutic
properties."^®
I. Musk in the AniTnal and Vegetable Kingdoms:—^It is
interesting to note that odorous substances of the nature
of musk occur both in the animal and vegetable kingdom in
the different parts of the world. According to Gerardin, the
following animals secrete musk or similarly odorous sub-
stances:—Besides the male musk-deer, Moschus moschiferus;
the gazelle, Antilope dorcas; the marten, Mustela foina, the
faeces of which are said to have a musk-like odour; the
alpine goat, Capra ibex, the dried blood of which smells like
musk; the musk-ox, Ovibos ynoschatus which disseminates a
decided musk odour and the meat of which, though it has a
repulsive odour and taste, is eagerly eaten by the Indians; the
zebu. Bos indicus; the pecari, Dicotyles torquatus; the musk
duck, Anas moschata, which is found on the Gold Coast, in
Jamaica and Cayenne; the desman, Myogal moschata; the
Nile crocodile, Crocodilus vulgaris; various turtles, e.g.,
Cinostemon pennsylvanianum; and various Indian snakes.
The musk odour is also found quite commonly in the
.vegetable kingdom. It is found in Malva moschata and the
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 203

seeds of Hibiscus abelmoschus, Linn. (Malvaceae) which are

utilised in perfumery; Brassica oleracea, Linn. var. capitata
(Cruciferae); Erodium ynoschatum. Her. and Geranium triste
or PelargoniuTrn noctuolens of Western Africa which is
.odorous at night (Geraniaceae); Rosa moschata
(Rosaceae); the wax gourd, Benincasa cerifera,
Sav. and the Indian bottle gourd Lagenaria vul-
garis, Ser. (Cucurbitaceae); Adoxa Tnoschatellina,
Linn. (Caprifoliaceae); Achillea moschata, Jacq., Aster
urgophyllus, Labill. and Moscharia pinnatifida, Mol. of Chile
(Compositae); Hyssopus officinalis, Linn, and Moschosma.
species of India and Africa (Labiatae); Miraulus moschatus of
Chile and North America-(Scrophulariaceae); Moschoxylon
swartzii, Juss., the musk wood of Jamaica (Meliaceae); Guarea
grandiflora of America and the poisonous Serjania curassavica,
Radlk. of America (Sapindaceae); the wood of the American
Clusia eluteria (Clusiaceae); the Asiatic Lawsonia inermis,
Lam. (Lythrarieae); the East Indian Ferula sumhul, Hook.
(Umbelliferae); the wood of Cordia rumphii, Bl. of Java
(Boragineae); Pedalium murex-Peturaga cingul of Ceylon
(Pedalineae); Cestrum nocturnum, Linn, of South America
(Solanaceae) and the Mexican wonderflower, Mirahilis
longiflora, Linn. (Nyctaginieae), the last two named exhaling
a musk odour at night.

Despite the large number of products capable of afford-

ing more or less a musk-like odorous substance, the musk-
deer remains the only important commercial source of this
substance.
Preparation of Musk for the Market:—There are several
ways of preparing the commercial musk, and the best method
is to dry the pod by sunning and airing immediately after
it is taken from the animal. The article, because of its
powerful diffusion of odour, is usually packed in hermetically
sealed vessels and wooden boxes lined with tin foil. The
pods from the places of production are always packed in small
skin bags singly, the pod inside the bag being covered with
the animal's hair or similar stuff to keep its odour from
diffusing as well as to protect it from the influence of the
204 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

weather. For home consumption, Chinese traders occasionally

pack the pods in silk-wrapped packages of two or three dozens
each. Musk is collected from the hunters by a class of
traders, who are also engaged in exporting medicinal herbs
and other products of the highlands of -the Szechwan Tibetan
border, no Chinese merchant being engaged exclusively in |
the musk trade. (From:—Chopra's "I. D. of I.", pp. 423-424).

Artificial Musk:—Since musk fetches a high price on

the market, the unfortunate little animal—the musk deer—has
been ruthlessly hunted for its valuable scent pod. Fear has
been expressed by foreign naturalists for the early extinction
of the animal if the present rate of destruction is allowed to
go on without any restriction. It is estimated that at least
twepty-two pods are required to make one 'catty' of musk,
(l-f^icatty = 1-1/3 lb.) Thus twenty-two male deer must be
killed before the trade can bring one catty of musk pods to
the market. As the musk sac is found on the abdomen of the
buck only, and as there is no distinction in appearance bet-
ween the male and the female deer when seen at a distance,
many more animals of both sexes must be caught or killed
in order to secure a catty of musk pods. As the animals are
hunted or trapped during the rutting season, they are getting
exterminated and this fact, coupled with the increasing con-
sumption in perfumery of the article in France, has led the
chemists to look for some substitute of the natural article
which can be prepared in the laboratory. Compounds having
the odour of musk have been prepared synthetically but siich
substances have an entirely different chemical structure from
the natural musk. These are, however, not poisonous and are
largely substituted in the cheaper forms of perfufnery for the
expensive natural product. The musk substitutes at present
known are trinitro-meta-tertiarybutyl-toluene and the cor-
responding compounds obtained from the homologues of
toluene and the dinitro derivatives of (he ketones which are
formed by the interaction of acyl chlorides on derivatives of
toluene. Of these, Trinitrobutyltoluol Co HNO» CHg C* Hy has
been considered to be the best. Its odour is very akin to the
natural musk and is sold in perfumery under the name of ar-
 •WITH AYURVEDIC, U N A N I & H O M E REMEDIES 205

tificial musk. (Chopra's "I.D. of I." p. 426).

Adulteration of Musk and Their Tests for Genuine-
ness:—On account of the great demand and the difficulty of
obtaining it, musk is very frequently adulterated with inert
substances such as dried blood, liver, etc. Vegetable products
such as beans, wheat grains, barley grains, etc., are also mixed
with the commercial article at the time of preparing. As
musk quickly imparts its peculiar scent to other substances
with which it comes in contact, detection of adulteration from
smell becomes difficult. Several methods are in vogue
amongst the Chinese and Tibetan dealers, which though not
very scientific, are said to aflFord fairly good indications as to
the genuineness of the article. Whenever any doubt exists,
a few grains are extracted from the pod and placed in water.
If these remain granular the musk is genuine, and if these
melt the musk is false or adulterated. Another test is to place
a few grains on a live piece of charcoal. If these melt and
bubble, the musk is pure; if they at once harden and become
cinder, it is adulterated. Genuine musk even when buried
does not change its odour, while impure or adulterated musk
gives out an entirely different smell. Adulterated musk can
also be detected by touch. Genuine musk is soft and adulterat-
ed musk is stiff to the touch. An interesting popular test for
musk has been reported from the Punjab. A thread is passed
through asafoetida and then through the musk pod. If after
this, the smell of asafoetida remains, the musk is not genuine.
(From:—Chopra's "I. D. of I." p. 425).

(1), (3) & (9)—Chopra's "I.D. of I." p. 422; (2) & (10)—p. 423;
( 4 ) , (5) & (14)—p. 424; (8), (7) & (8)—pp. 424-425; (11). (12) & (15)—
pp. 427-428; (13),- (16) & (19) pp. 429-430; (17), (19) to (25)—p. 431;
(26)—p. 432.

87. MOTACILLA MADERASPATENSIS, Gmelin.

(Eng.—Common Wagtail. Sans.—Khanjana. Ben.—Bond-
na-cha.) Flesh is laxative and is beneficial,, in diseases origi-
nated from vitiated phlegm and bile.
 206 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

88. MUS RATTUS

(Eng.—Mouse. Sans.—Mushika. Hind.—Chua; Mush.
Bsn.—Indur). Flesh is demulcent, cardiac stimulant and use-
ful in worms and piles.

89. MUHLLA OCCIDENTALIS

(San^.—Indravadhi. Hind.—Indragopa; Birabavati.
Guj.—Chomasana rata; makhamali kida) are insects of a
bright scarlet colour, and velvetty, found in the commencement
,of the rains. They are very common in garden plants. The
dried specimens as found in the bazaar are of a saffron colour.
In shape, they are nearly oblong less than i inch long. In the
V
form of powder or ashes they are a nervine tonic and antispa- •
smodic and are used in paralysis. In colic they are given with
nutmeg. An ointment of them made with wax is a useful ap-
lication to swollen feet and hands.

90. MYLABRIS CHICORII, Fabr.

91. M. PUSTULATA

92. M. TRIANTHEMA

(N.O.—Coleoptera).

(Eng.—Telini fly; Chinese Blistering fly; Mylabris beetle.

Hind.—Telenimakhi. Ben.—Telinipoka. Duk.—Budhoki
zerangi. Mah.—Telni-mashi. Tarn.—Puis-Tarinai. Tel.—
Ejaloo) is a blistering insect (beetle) about 1 inch long and i
inch broad. M. chicorii is found throughout India, (northern)
especially, Kashmir, Gwalior, Hyderabad, and Deccan, China,
Southern Europe, South and East of Asia. "M. pustulata has
recently been collected in fairly large quantities in fields of
cereals and vegetables in the neighbourhood of Bangalore"—
(Iyer & Guha). The best season for collecting these insects
is before sunrise and just before the setting-in of the monsoon.
They should be killed by ammonia, steam of boiling vinegar.
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 207-

or sulphur dioxide or by heat, and thoroijghJy dried in the

sun and preserved in well-stoppered bottles. "Most of the can-
tharidin exists in the free state and only a very minute quan-
tity is in combination as salts". "M. pustulata yields about 2.9
per cent cantharidin as compared to the maximum yield of
1.9 per cent from Chinese beetles; the yield from Chinese
beetles is even less (1.2 p.c. approximately)." The dried insect
is used in medicine; it contains a fatty acid 'cantharidin' 1 to
2 per cent. 'Cantharidin' is a colourless crystalUne lactone de-
rived originally from the'dried Spanish beetles known as "Can-
tharis vesicatoria". "The bye-product ethyl-acetate can be ob-
tained from M. pustulata available in India in large quantities"
(Chopra). Its tincture (1 in 80) and liquor (1 in 10 of acetic
acid) are used. Dose of the tincture is 5 to 10 minims. As a
vesicant it is very powerful and acts without pain and without
irritation of the urinary organs, It is very efficient substitute
as a vesicant for the well-known European drug Cantharides
or Cantharidin. Other blistering flies exist in many parts of
India, and Mylabris pustulata (Eng.—Cantharides; Hind.—
Teleni-makhi; internally stimulant and diuretic; externally
a powerful and valuable counter-irritant and vesicant), and
Mylabris indica etc., in the Peninsula. Telini fly or Cantha-
ridin contained in it is generally used in the form of plaster for
its counter-irritant, rubefacient and vesicant properties. Can-
tharidin is contained in more than a dozen Western medicinal
preparations, most of which are meant for external application.
Owing to its irritating properties, internal administration is
not common but in small doses it has been often used, alone
or in combination, in such diseases as lupus cystitis, inconti-
nence of urine, spermatorrhoea, etc. Its use as an ingredient
of hair-lotions, hair-oils and several other cosmetic prepara-
tions like pomades etc., appears to be getting more and more
popular every year. The plaster is prepared as follows:—Take
Telini fly finely powdered, white or black dammar, beeswax,
and suet (mutton of goat) of each two ounces; liquify the three
latter with a gentle heat, then remove from the fire and sprin-
kle in the Telini; mix the whole thoroughly and continue to
stir the mixture while it is allowed to cool.
 208 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

93. MYTILUS MARGARITIFERUS

or Pinctada margaritifera
(Class:—Mollysca)
Sans.—Mukta; Maracata; Muktikam. Eng.—Pearl. Arab.
—Looloo. Pers.—Marwarid. Ben.—Mokta. Hind. Guj.
Mah. Ben. & Kon.—Moti. Tarn. Can. & Sinh.—Mxittu..
Tel.—Mutiamu.
Source.—Found in general molluscs inhabiting shallow
seas and sand-banks.
Characters.—Pearl mussel has nearly a semi-circular
, shell, greenish without and ornamented with the most beauti-
\^ ful nacre within. The nacre is employed in the arts and fine
pearls are produced from the extravasation of nacre.
Purification & Preparation.—Pearls are purified—(1) by
being boiled in the juice of the leaves of Sesbania aculeata or
of the flowers of Agati grandiflora; then prepared for medici-
nal use by being calcined in covered crucibles and finally re-
duced to powder. (2) ''Powdered pearl is to be rubbed with
the juice of Rumex vesicarius and then transferred inside a
lemon and stowed in a mass of paddy. At the end of a week
it is heated in a crucible and liquefied".—(Sir P. C. Ray's H. of
H. Ch., Vol. I, p. 103). Dose of the powder is 2 to 6 grains.
Action.—The power (ash) is highly stimulant, tonic and
aphrodisiac. Other medicinal virtues ascribed to pearl are
"laxative, sedative, emetic and nutritive." Pearl ash is chiefly
carbonate and oxide of lime and acts also as an antacid.
Uses.—The powder is used in heart-burn and bilious af-
fections. Mukta-bhasvfia is useful in cough, phthisis and
asthma, given twice a day with honey. Its chief use is in low
fevers giving rise to burning sensation in the eyes, palms and
soles, so common in India. It reduces the yellowish tinge in
the conjunctivae and in the urine due to low fever and checks
the burning during micturition. It is also used as a cerebral
tonic in nervous diseases as chronic headache, epilepsy and
other convulsive attacks. It is used in piles also, in leucor-
rhoea and spermatorrhoea and impotence. The powder is one
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 209

of the ingredients in numerous Indian preparations used for

impotence, heart disease, consumption etc. Pittantaka rasa
described in Rasendrasarasangraha contains it together with
several other substances and is. a medicine useful in diseases
supposed to be caused by deranged bile (pitta) such as dyspe-
psia, jaundice, biliousness', vomiting of bile etc. It. is made up
•of nutmegs, mace, jatamansi root, root of Aplotaxis auricu-
lata, talispatra, aconite, iron pyrites, iron, talc and realgar one
part each, prepared pearls equal in quantity to all the above
ingredients beaten together into a paste with the aid of water
and made into four-girain pills. Another preparation con-
taining pearls and known as Vasantakusumakara rasa (See
"Corallium rebrum") is given with sugar, honey and ghee in
urinary diseases, impotence, gleet, diabetes, consumption and
^general debility. This medicine is a valuable alterative tonic
ill chronic gonorrhoea and spermatorrhoea and much
prescribed in these complaints in combination with an
extract called Kusavaleha. For consumption and other
chest diseases a compound preparation made up of pre-
pared pearl and mercury taken in equal parts, triturated well
in honey and water and then the whole mass dried over a
sand bath till all the water has evaporated is recommended and
given with sugar; the dose of the medicine is 1 to 3 grains. For
:seminal weakness a compound pill made up of Mukta hhasma,
Panitis succenifer (succinum) 2, Red coral bhasma 2, liux-
vomica 6, Daronicum scorpioides 15, Borneo camphor 10, car-
damoms 15, Cinnamomum tamala 12, cloves 10, Zaride hidas-
tara (dried testicles of the beaver) 10, dry ginger 12, long
pepper 10, musk 12 and sugar 50 parts, mix and make a pill
mass; the dose is grains 10 to 15. Dava-ul-7nulk is a confection
inade up of 29 ingredients, among which the important are
pearls, amber, silk cocoons, silver leaves and musk. It is a
nervine tonic giving strength to cardiac muscles and to the
central nervous" system. It is very useful in functional affec-
tions of the heart. Dose is i to 5 tola given twice a day with
milk. "This was given to a patient suffering from neurasthe-
nia in i tola doses. It did give toiie to the nerves of the pa-
tient"—(Ind. Drugs Rept, Madras). Javarish-i-lulu is another
preparation containing pearls, zedoary, Daronicum scorpiodes

14
210 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

and cinnamon each 2 parts, Aquilaria agallocha, cocoons of

silk moth, cardamoms, saffron and cloves each 1 part, dried
testicles of the beaver and jataynansi each i part and honey
sufficient quantity, is used as a tonic and aphrodisiac. It is also
given to prevent abortion. Dose is J to 1 drachm. In doses
of 1 to 2 drachms it is useful in paralysis, asthma, epilepsy a n d
impotence. A compound powder made up of Silajit, Loha
hhasma and Moti bhasma each 2 parts, trikatu 3 parts and
triphala 4 parts, is used in general debility, leucorrhoea, dia-
betes etc. Ancient Hindu alchemists used to prepare a pow-
der of pearl compound with following constituents:—^Pearl,
sulphur, powder of iron, copper and silver, all killed by beingr
roasted with sulphur.— (Sir P. C. Ray).

94. ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS

(formerly Lepus ruficandatus, Geoff.) (Rabbit).

95, OS SEPIAE
(internal shell of Sepia oflficianalis, Family:—Cephalopoda)
belonging to MoUusca Class.
(Sans.—Samudraphena. .Eng.—Cuttle-fish bone. Ger.—
Kuttelfishbeim, Hind.—Darya-ka-kaf. Pers.—Zuddulba-
her kafdarya. Guj. and Mah.—Samudraphina. Tarn,
and Mai.—Kadal noray. Can.—Samudranaiigay.
Tel.—Sorupenka; Samudrapunuragu) is often found floating
on sea-water. It is 1 to 3 inches in width and 5 to 10 inches
in length. The skeleton is an oblong, elliptical or oval, flat
substance, of whitish colour, very hard and brittle. It can be
easily scratched with the nails and is highly pulverisable. I t
contains calcium, carbonate 80 to 85 per cent, also phosphate
and sulphate with silica. It is antacid like chalk; also astrin-
gent and local sedative. When powdered it is used as a dusting
powder to relieve the pain of ear-ache or in otorrhoea.
Its paste made with lime-juice is usefully applied in itches
and other skin diseases; also with rose water to the body i a
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 211

prickly heat. The powder is an ingredient of tooth-powders.

A medicated oil prepared by boiling fine scraping of the bone
in sweet or sesamum oil is useful for dropping into the ear in
otorrhoea. A thin paste made of cuttle-fish bone and rock-
salt in rose water is a useful application to the eyes in con-
junctivitis.

96. OSTREA EDULIS, Linn.

or O. gryphoides, Schl. (Common Indian species)
& O. Virginiana
(Eng.—Common Oyster shell; bivalve shell. Fr.—^Nacre.
Ger.—Osteon. Port.—Ostras. Hind.—Sipi. Guj.—^Kalu) is a
shell found in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean coasts. It has
a small, hollow, ovate excavation in which the animal with a
soft, fleshy suborbicular body is enclosed. The shell has a sort
of hinge at one end and opens into two valves; one shallow and
the other deep which is found adhering to the rock. The shell
is hard, externally grey or dark-brown and rough and marked
with lateral undulated streaks and internally white, smooth
and shining. It contains calcium cai'bonate 85 to 95 per cent,
phosphate and sulphate of calcium' and magnesium, oxide of
iron, alumina and silica. The inner layer is chiefly used in pre-
paring the ash, called KaZu bhasma'. The ashes are antacid and
alterative and used in cases of diarrhoea and chronic intestinal
disorders. Dose is 5 grains. The animal is supposed to pos-
sess aphrodisiac properties and is therefore ^aten raw or
cooked. A paste of the shell is used as an* absorbent for the
same purposes as other shells. Mother-of-pedrl (Sans.—Jala-
dima. Ben.—Jalasukti, Jhinuk) is another species of mollusc,
the shell of which is used for the same 'purposes as oyster
shell. Mukta-Sukti (Eng.—Pearl Oyster. Ben. & Hiiid.-^—
Mukta-Jhinuk. Mah. Kon. & Guj.—^Motisimp) is another
kind of shell which produces pearl. Medicinally its flesh is
"acrid, demulcent, excitive of digestive fire, palatable and be-
neficial in phthisis, sula and diseases of he?irt"—(N. N. Sen
Gupta). The shell is used in medicine after purification and
reduction. Its ashes (Sukti-hhasma) are beneficial in sula,
dyspepsia, abdominal tumours, liver and spleen enlargements,
212 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

•and loss of appetite. The lirm obtained by burning the hard

cover of it possesses the same properties as that of Sukti-
bhasma, Jalasukti (Eng.—Oyster. Ben.—Jhinak) is a kind of
aquatic animal. Its flesh is."acrid, demulcent, stomachic, diges-
tive, cardiac, generative of the inclination for food and bene-
ficial in abdominal tumours, sula and diseases of poison"—
(N. N. Sen Gupta).

97. OVIS ARIES

(N.O.—Ovis—Family:—Bovidae).
(Sans.—Mesha. Eng.—Goat. Hind. Ben. Duk. Guj. &
Mall.—Bhakra. Ko-n.—Bokodu. Tarn. Can. etc.—Aedu) is an
anirnal of ruminant and mammal class, covered with thick
wooly hairs. The flesh of it is "sweet, refrigerant, heavy of
digestion, flatulent, nutritious and excitive of bile and phlegm"
—(N. N. Seii Gupta.). See also Adeps Lanae and Sevum
Praeparatum.

98. OVIS VIGNEI, Bath.

(Eng.—Sheep. Sans.—Abika; Mesha. Ben.—Bhera; Mesh).
Flesh is difficult to digest, excitive of bile and phlegm. Urine
is stimulant and beneficial in leprosy, piles, "sula", dropsy,
oedema and gonorrhoea.

99. PALAEMON CURCINUS, or P. Lar. Linn.

(Eng.—^Prawn. Sans.—Chingati. Ben.—Chingri). Flesh
is difficult to digest, constipating, cardiac stimulant, phlegma-
tic, beneficial in obesity, bile and vitiated blood. Highly es-
teemed with curry.

100. PASSER DOMESTICUS

(Eng.-^House Sparrow. Sans.—Chataka. Hind.—Cha-
buranja. Ben.—Charai-pakhi). Flesh is palatable, refrigerant,
demulcent, cardiac stimulant and aphrodisiac.
•1.4^
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 213

101. PAVO CRISTATUS, Linrv.

(Eng.—Peacock. Sans.—Nilkantha. Hind,—Mur. B6n.-»
Maur. Bom.—^Mur. Tam.—^Mail). Flesh is used for con-
tracted limbs. Grease is used medicinally.

102. PERDIX SYLVATICA

(Eng.—Common Indian Partridge. Sans.—Krakara.
Hind.—^'Kayar. Ben.—Karkati. Bom.—Kardhanka). Flesh is
cardiac stimulant; improves memory and digestion, useful in
wind, bile and in epistaxis.

103. PHALACROCORAX NIGER

(Eng.—Diver. Sa,ns.—Valakaka. S e i i . ^ P a n k a u r i ) . Flesh
is demulcent, difficult to digest, refrigerant^ and alleviative of
"vayu".
104. PHASIANUS—See alius bankiva, etc.

105. PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS—See Cetaceum.

106. PINCTABA MARGARITIFERA, Linn.

See Mytilus margaritiferus.

107. PISCES
(Eng.—Fish. Sans.—Matsya. Hind. & Ben.—Machchi.
Mah..—Maslee. Kon.—Maslee, Jhalkay. Tam. Can. & Mai.
Meenu) is an aquatic vertebrate animal with gills and fins
inhabiting the waters of oceans, rivers, lakes, wells, etc. In
Ayurveda different properties have been ascribed not only to
dijfevent -fishes, hut of the same fish living and growing in dif-
ferent waters. Fish from different sources are also recom-
mended to be taken in different seasons as follows:—
Properties of Fish, from different sources:—(1) River fish
is sweei to the taste, heavy of digestion, :checks Vayu, deran-
ges pitta and, blood, heating and, increases faeqal rjefuse (causes
 214 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

bulky stool); (2) Shallow-water fisli- is sweet but deranges

pitta; (3) Tank and Pond fish is palatable and checks Vayu
Pitta; (4) Large lake fish is difficult to digest (heavy of diges-
tion); (5) Fish near spring-water is similar in properties to
No. 4; (6) Well-water fish deranges Kapha.
Fish froTu diferent sources to hs taken in different sea-
sons:—(1) Fish from wells—in early winter. (2) Fish from
pond—in late winter. (3) Fish from river—in Spring. (4)
Fish from pond and tank—in Summer. (5) Fish from lakes—
in Rains. (6) Fish near spring water—in Autumn.
Properties & Uses of different fishes:—Arlus arius.
*•'.•
Ham. & Buch. (Sans.—Ari-matsya. Ben.—Armach); flesh is
difficult to digest, demulcent, cardiac stimulant, improves me-
mory, wind and phlegm. Ban fish (Indian Eel) checks Vayu-
Pitta, is light and appetising. Barhus sophore, Ham. & Buch.
(Eng.—Mahseer. Sans.—Proshti. Ben.—Punti-machh). Flesh
is sweetish bitter, demulcent, antiphlegmatic, alleviative of
vayu; beneficial in the diseases of mouth and throat. Boyal
fish (Scioenidus Pama—Whiting) is carnivorous, increases
kapha, is strengthening, induce^ sleep, increases pitta and
deranges blood; if continued for sometime it induces leprosy
and other skin diseases, of the group (vide Hutchinson's fish
theory of leprosy). Bhstki fish like sea-fish checks vayu-pitta
and increases kapha. Callichrous pabda. Ham. & Buch. (Eng.—
Butterfish. Sans.—Parbata. Ben.—Pabda); flesh is demulcent,
cardiac, stimulant, and carminative. Catla-catla, Ham. &
Buch. (Eng.—Telescope-fish. Sans.—Katala. Ben.—Katala);
Flesh is stimulant, difficult to digest; beneficial in disturbances
of the three humours. Carchardon carcharius, Linn. (Eng.—
White Shark), Oil is richer in iodine and phosphorus than cod-
liver oil, b u t contains less bromine and sulphur; oil is a substi-
tute for cod-liver oil. Hilsa fish (Indian herring) is very sweet
to the taste, due to excess of fat, deranges Tridosha. Anahas
scandeonus. (Eng.—Climbing perch. Sans.—Kabayee. Ben.—
Kai or Koi. Hind.—Kabai). Flesh is astringent, demulcent,
easily digestible, sweet, soothing, appetiser, checks vayu, in-
creases pitta very slightly; cardiac stimulant. Clarias batra-
chus, Linn. (Eng.—Catfish; Magur. Sans.—Madgura). Flesh
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 215

is demulcent and is used in diarrhoea; light and strengthening,

checks vayu, increases kapha slightly. Clupea. ilisha. Ham. &
Buch. (Eng.—Sabli-fish. Sans.—Illisa. Hind.—Hilsa. Ben,—
His). Flesh is demulcent, stomachic, bilious, phlegmatic and
•carminative. Mourola jish (Opio cephalus or Serpent-head)
is tissue-producing, vitalising and galactagogue. Mugil plani-
ceps, Cuv. & Val. (Sans.—Bhokani. Ben.—Bhangan); flesh
is refrigerant, phlegmatic, difficult to digest. Nata or Gorai
fish is sweet, bitter, astringent, checks Tridosha, is appetiser,
light, strengthening and good in goitre. Punti fish—large
variety—is slightly bitter but sweet, cooling, appetising and
checks pitta and kapha; small variety—is very bitter, pungent,
very slightly sweet, light and checks vayukapha. Rohee or
Rohu fish (Labea rohu; or Labeo rohita, Ham. & Buch.
(Sans.—Rohita. Hind.—Rahu. Ben.—Rui-machh. Tarn.—
Eraminu) is the best of all fresh water fishes; flesh is sweet
to the taste but slightly bitter, increases vitality, checks vayu
but increases pitta. Flesh is astringent, slightly stimulant,
difficult to digest, demulcent, cardiac stimulant, strengthening,
slightly bilious, beneficial in vitiated wind. Its bile is laxative
and is useful in bilious remittent fever. Scomberomorus com-
mersonii, Lacep. (Eng.—Seir fish. Hind.—Surmoyi. Tarn.—
Konam). Used as a substitute for cod or shark oil. Shole
fish is astringent, slightly sweet and good to taste. Singhi fish
(Sacchobranchus fossilis, Bloch.); (Sams.—Sringi. Ben.—
Singi). Flesh is demulcent, easily digestible, cardiac stimu-
lant, aphrodisiac, galactagogue. Used in dropsy, jaundice, bile,
phlegm and wind; checks vayu, deranges kapha, is soothing,
bitter, astringent, light and appetiser. Tangra fish (Macrones
Tangra, another variety of Cat fish) stimulates brain, decreases
marrow, is appetising and increases vayu-pitta. Fish eggs are
very vitalising and soothing, tissue-repairer, light, increases
kapha, increases marrow and strength and is good in urethral
discharges. Trichogaster fasciatus, Bl. Schn. (Eng.—^Fish.
Sans.—Khalis. Ben.—Khalse). Flesh is astringent, constipa-
ting, produces wind and alleviative of "sula".

Preparations from Fish:—(1) Sutki fi^h—dried in the sun

for preservation. It is difficult of digestion, constipating and
 216 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

not strengthening. (2) Burnt fish—outer layer is b u r n t on

charcoal when the inner flesh becomps more easily digestible,
good and strengthening. (3) Fish Soup is contra-indicated
after "Kapha" or "Vayu-Kapha" derangement causing diar-
rhoea. When indicated, the various fishes recommended are
small white fish like "Mourola" or black fish like "Singhi",
"Kai" or "Koi", or "Magur". (4) Fish-liver oil.

Analysis of some Fish:—

Percentage of
Name of Fish Nitrogen Fat Salt
Rohu fish 17.5 16.4 2.36
JU Magur fish 18.9 5.0 1.80
Kai fish 23.6 2.84 2.99
Singhi fish 24.56 4.26 2.73
Ban fish 17.9 28.4 —
Tangra fish 17.2 0.3 1.3

Fish, therefore, contains less proteid generally than beef

or goat's meat except Kai and Singhi (cat fish). It is more
easily cooked and easily digested except those which contain
much fat, e.g., big Rohu^ Hilsa or Indian Herring, Ban or In-
dian Eel, etc.— (Dr.. Ashutosh Roy, "Jour, of Ayur." March
1926).

108. PSITTACULA KRAMERI, Scop.

(Family:—Psittacidae).
(Eng.—Parrot; Sans.—Sukha; Ben.—Tia). Flesh is easily
digestible, refrigerant, stomachic, cardiac-stimulant and consti-
pating; beneficial in cough and phthisis.

109. PYTHON RETICULATUS

(Eng.—Gall-bladder). Used medicinally.
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 21T"

110. RANA TIGRINA (Frog) & BUFO MELANOSTICUS

(toad).
(Sans.—Bheka. Ben.—Byang). Flesh is cardiac-stimu-
lant, phlegmatic, slight bilious; alleviates thirst, gonorrhoea,,
phthisis, leprosy and vomiting.

111. REPTILIA
{Eng.—Reptiles). Lizard; Serpent Poison; Gecko verticil-
latuSj Laur; Mabuia carinata, Schneid; Varanus bengalensis,
Daud, Varanus salvator; all these have been separately and
independently dealt with in their respective alphabetical
order.

112. RHINOCEROS UNICORNIS, Linn.

(Eng.—The great one-horned Rhinoceros. Sans.—Khargee.,
Ben.—Gandar). Flesh is astringent, difficult to digest, nutri-
tious and cardiac stirnulant; alleviative of vomiting and epis-
taxis.

113. SACCHARUM LACTIS (Milk-sugar)

See Lactose under "Lactus".

114. SANGUISUGA MEDICINALIS (The Speckled Leech)

(See:—Hirudo Medicinalis.)

115. SCILLA SERRATA

(Eng.—Crab. Sans.—Karkataka. Ben.—Kankra). Flesh.
is antibilious, diuretic, laxative, haematinic, cardiac stimu-
lant and alleviative of 'vayu'.

116. SEPIA OFFICINALIS (Cuttle-fish)

(See:—Os Sepiae & Cephalopoda).
218- THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

117. SEEIPARIUM
(Eng.—Rennet or Rennin; Hind.—Paneermaya; Pes).
See:—B.P.C.

118. SEKPENT POISON

Sans.—Sarpavisha; Garala. Eng.—Cobra-venom; Snake-
^enom.
U. C. Dutt says that it has been used in Hindu medicine
since a very recent period only. Because prescriptions con-
taining it or references to it are found in modern works only,
such as Bhaishajya Ratnavali, Sarkaumudi, etc. "Although
the venoms of other snakes are mentioned, the venoms of the
Indian cobra and Indian viper have been chiefly used."^
The poison of the black cobra is collected:—(1) by making
reptile bite on a piece of stick or wood when the poison is
poured out and received on a piece of plantain leaf; (2) "by
forcing open the jaws and squeezing the glands into a sterile
petri dish or by making the reptile bite a petri dish with a
rubber membrane stretched over it".- It is preserved in
:two ways. The liquid poison is allowed to congeal and dry in
a cup or it is rubbed with a fourth part of mustard oil and
spread out on a piece of plantain leaf. Thus treated it rapidly
coagulates into a granular agglutinated mass of a yellowish-
brown colour. When allowed to dry spontaneously, "or under
a bell jar in the sun or over concentrated sulphuric acid, ser-
pent poison loses 50 to 70 per cent of water"'' and coagu-
lates into shining, "crystalline yellowish-white granules, which
can be powdered. "The dried venom retains all the properties
of the fresh venom".^ Cobra Poison of "Indian Cobras:—•
Naia tripudians and Naja hungarus are the two formidable
varieties out of the several met with in India. Naja naia vet
tripudians species is distributed throughout the whole of Sou-
thern Asia from the south of the Caspian, Sea to south of China,
India and the Malay Archipelago. Indian vipers:—Two poi-
.sonous snakes belonging to this group commonly occur in
India: (1) Dahoia russelli vel elegans, found all over the
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 219

plains of India, particularly in Ceylon, Siam, Burma, Rajpu-

tana & Bengal; Kulu and Kashmir valleys at an altitude of
-5,000 to 6,000 ft. though generally it is an inhabitant of plains
and valleys up to 2,000/3,000 ft. (2) Echis carinata is another
viper frequently met with in India:—N.W.F. Province, Balu-
chistan, the Punjab, Sind, Rajputana, Central India and some
parts of Madras and Ceylon".5 Of cobra poison, Dr. H. C.
Sen says "when fresh it is a clear transparent fluid, varying in
colour from a 'yellow to a straw tint to complete colourlessness.
It has a faintly acid reaction; its consistence varies from that
of water to that of the white of an egg. Its specific gravity has
a wide margin of variation. Specimens taken from several
cobras and mixed gave a specific gravity of 1.058. It has a very
bitter taste, which is chiefly perceived along the margin of the
tongue, and a faint sickly odour. Daboa venom is, however,
without this bitter taste. When cobra poison is evaporated,
it loses from 50 to 75 per cent of water, and a yellowish sub-
stance, easily pulverisable, rfesembling gum arable or dried
€gg albumen, is left behind. This dried substance possesses
all the physiological properties of cobra poison, and it can be
kept in this state for years. Chemically analysed by Dir. Arm-
strong the snake poison is found to contain Carbon 45.76;
nitrogen 14.3; hydrogen 6.8; sulphur 2.5'. When kept in the
liquid state, cobra poison quickly becomes, first neutral and
then alkaline, and a few feathery and cubic crystals will form.
•"When kept in hermetically sealed ampoules in a cool dark
place, it retains its potency for a long period"." If preserved
in a loosely corked test-tube, it will become cloudy, smell
offensively and will swarm with bacteria in active movement;
but it will still remain poisonous. The alkalinity now lessens
and the reaction again becornes acid and the fluid then coagu-
lates into a firm whitish, opaque substance, somewhat like the
coagulated white of an egg, but of a lenidn colour. If a small
quantity of fluid is left uricoagulated it is poisonous and the
washings of the coagulum are also poisonous. When water is
added to the coagulum decomposition rapidly sets in, and the
products cannot be distinguished from those of any other
similar organic body. The changes are greatly dependent on
t h e physical conditions to which the poison is subjected. .
^20 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA-

Coagulation occurred in some poison kept at 29°G.. in 10 days,

whereas weeks were required when the temperature was
20°C, "Of all the stimulants" Dr. Sen states "the fresh venom
obtained from strong, young, black cobra is regarded as the
most powerful, and its. effects more lasting than those of other
stimulants.

Physical & Chemical Characteristics.—The venom is

composed of variable amounts of proteins, albumoses, pig-
ments, mucus,, epithelial debris, fatty matters, salts like
chlorides and phosphates of calciurn, ammonia, and magnesium,,
analogous to the constituents of normal saliva.

The; chemical nature of the venom, however, is very

variable and uncertain. It resembles protein in its reactions:
since it can be precipitated with alcohol, tannins,, etc., and
does not diffuse through the dialysing membrane. A r m a n d
Gautier (1883) believed that the venom contains an alkaloid^
which could be separated out by pulverising the venom with
carbonate of soda and systematically extracting the mixture
with alcoholic ether at 50°C,., but other workers have not
svicceeded in separating any alkaloid, Mitchel and Reichert
(1884:) showed that the cobra venom consists of 98 per cent
of albumin and only 2 per cent of globulin. Viper venom
on the other hand consists of nearly 25 per cent globulias.

According to Martin and Smith (1892) the cobra venom,

albumoses can be fractionated into hetei^o-albumoses, proto-
albumoses and deutero-albumoses, but the albumins contained
in it are devoid of all toxic power. Many chemical substances;
like 1 per cent solution of potassium permanganate, gold chlo-
ride, chloride of lime and even hypo-chloride of calcium (1 in
12), chromic acid, bromine water, 1 per cent, trichloride of
iodine, modify or delay the action of venom. There has beert
much discussion regarding the nature of the toxic principle
in the diiferent venoms (1902). According to Faust (1910-1911)
the chief toxic substances in the cobra and rattle-snake venoms
are softie non-nitrogenous princij)les. These are not gluco-
sides but otherwise resemble saponins in their physical, che-
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 221

uiical and pharmacological properties. They are responsible

for its action on the ce'ntral nervous system. Cobra venom can
£tand the temperature of 100°C. for a short time without los-
ing aU its activity. The toxicity of the cobra venom is not
modified by filtration through a porcelain candle, while that
of viper venom is altered considerably. In this way the non-
diffusible albuminoid coagulable at 82°G., and diffusible non-
coagulable albumose can be separated. The former which
produces haemorrhages has been called haemorrhagin and
the latter which acts on the nerve cells of the respiratory cen-
tre has been called neurotoxin. Most of the colubrin and vi-
perin snake poisons contain the haemolytic principle. In gen-
>eral it may be said that the first effect of the venom is to pro-
•duce agglutination of the erythrocytes followed by their solu-
tion after a variable interval, which depends on the kind of
snake and the potency of the venom. The agglutinating po-
wer of the venom is destroyed at a temperature between 75 to
.SO°C. maintained for 3D minutes. Different venoms differ in
their haemolytic power. Cobra venom is the most active in
this respect and then follow the venoms of water moccassin,
•copper head, rattle-snake in the order named. Variations in
susceptibility to this reaction are present in different animals.
-Dog's blood is most quickly and ea.=ily haemolysed in high
dilutions, while the ox's corpuscles are least susceptible. The
intermediate animals are the sheep, guinea-pig, pig and rabbit
•etc. The variation, it is suggested, is due to variation in the
lecithin content of the blood. Ox's blood can be haemolysed
even in very high dilutions of the venom in the presence of le-
cithin. The haemolytic power of the venom is only slightly ef-
fected if the venom is exposed to 100°C. for 10 to 15 minutes.
Acton & Knowles (1913-14) have shown that most of the
venoms consist of (a) haemorrhagin which has the property of
destroying the endothelial cells lining the finer blood vessels
and of giving rise to ecchymosis and extravasation of blood,
(b) a cytolysin which dissolves both the red and white blood
corpuscles, and (c) a fibrin ferment which causes an intra and
•extra-vascular clotting leading to pulmonary embolism and
death from asphyxia and (d) a neurotoxin which acts on the
^central nervous system as well as on the nerve endings.
222 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

The venom is also said to possess the power of destroying'

the bactericidal properties of the normal blood sera. Welch &
Ewing (1894) explained that the rapid putrefaction which sets-
in in the animals after poisoning with cobra venom is due to
this property. This reduction of the bactericidal power of
the normal sera is due to the fixation of the serum complement
by the venom. The venom, has no action on the intermediary
body of the serum. Calmette's antivenin has the restraining:
action upon the venom haemolysis and venom bacteriolysis.—
(Chopra's "I.D. of I." pp. 440-442).

Pharmacological Action of Cobra Venom:—It was believed

that the action of the cobra and viper venoms was the same
and that the divergence of symptoms noticed in the two cases
were only due to the difference in the degree of toxicity. It
was suggested later that these two venoms have entirely dif-
ferent seats of action. Epstein (1930) studied the action of
the South African cobra, Naia flava (Naia vivea) and found
that, it produced death by respiratory failure. The venom also
has a direct action on, the involuntary muscles, contraction
being followed by relaxation. Chopra & Iswariah (1931) have
made a pharmacological study of the action of the venom
of the Indian cobra, Naia naia vel tripudians. The M.L.D. of
the venom varies- with the species of the animals; cats and rats
are less susceptible; dogs, rabbits and man are more easily
affected. When given intravenously the venom produces an
immediate effect, the animal dying within a few minutes of
respiratpry failure provided a large enough dose is given. The
absorption, is slower when the venom is given by the subcu-
taneous and intra-muscular routes, death taking place in 4 to
24 hours. The venom is not absorbed at all from the gastro-
intestinal tract or other mucous membranes. The venom has
no effect on the activity of salivary, gastric and pancreatiCi^ec-
retions of man in vitro. It slightly increases the tone of the
musculature of the gastro-intestinal tract in cats and rabbits.
Injections of sub-lethal doses of the venom produce a small
but persistent rise of blood pressure in experimental animals.
This rise is not due to any stimulant action on the accelerator
mechanism of the heart or on the myocardium. None of the
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 22S

concentrations of the venom, however high or low, produce de-

finite stimulation of the heart especially when it is failing.
Very large doses appear to act directly on the. heart producing
a marked depression and stoppage, The rise of blood pressure
appears to be associated with the stimulation of the vasomotor
centre in the medulla as it is absent in decerebrated animals.
The fall of blood pressure produced by large doses has been
shown to be due to paralysis of the vaso-mptor centre. The
main action of the venom in lethal and sub-lethal doses on the
animals is on the respiratory centre, the effect being one of
initial stimulation and final paralysis. The venom appears to
have no effect on the motor end-plates in the diaphragm or
other respiratory muscles. Observations on animals show that
the venom produces initial stimulation of the higher parts of
the brain followed by paralysis. It has been shown by Chopra
& Chowhan (1931) that contrary to the general belief the
cobra venom has a toxic action on lower organisms such as the
Paramoecium caudatum,—(Chopra's "I.D. of I." pp. 442-443).

Pharmacological Action of Daboia Venom:—^The venom of

Russell's viper produces local abscesses, cellulitis or necrosis
of the tissue at the site of the bite. This marked local action
is due to large quantities (25 per cent) of the globulins. The
systemic effects are haemorrhagic effusions in the splanchnic
area and ascending paralysis of the central nervous system.
The toxicity of the daboia venom is reduced to one-third when
it is mixed with formaline and incubated for some time. It
digests fibrin on account of the presence of fibrin ferment, try-
psin. Lamb found that viper venom loses its coagulation po-
wer when it is heated to 75° to 80°C. The neurotoxic coagu-
lant substances present in it can be precipitated out with
alcohol.
There has been a good deal of divergence of opinion re-
garding the causes of death with Viper venom. Cunningham
(1894) reported that death in the animals bitten by Indian da-
boia is due to its direct action on the central nervous system.
Martin (1897) believed the cause of death to be intravascular
clotting. Later, Lamb and Hanna (1903.) working on the
Indian daboia also showed that the death was due to extensive
224 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

•intravascular clotting. The minimum lethal dose for the rab-

bit is found to be 0.26 mgm. per kilogram intravenously.
Fowls bitten by this viper die within 30 seconds, dogs in 7
minutes and cats in about an hour; the horses die in about Hi
hours. Acton and Knowles (1914) found the minimum lethal
dose to be 0.5 to 2.5 mgm. per 100 gms. of the wild rat, death
occurring in 8 to 14 hours. In rabbits and guinea-pigs when
lethal doses were given the action was not so rapid as is the
case with cobra venom. The action appears to be mainly"
local, the venom being iixed locally on account of the clotting
action of the blood. In case of wild rats 8 to 9 mgm. intraven-
ously was fatal in 2 to 4 hours in animals weighing 700 gm.
The animal at first showed restlessness, breathlessness and
then became dyspnoeic, asphyxial convulsions and paralysis
of the hind limbs following. The death occurs owing to res-
piratory failure, the heart continuing- to beat for some time
after the respiration stops. Frogs are least susceptible.
Chopra & Chowhan (1932) have shown that the viper venom
•unlike cobra venom has little or no action on the protozoal
organisms. In experimental animals the blood pressure falls
with a rise in the Volumes of the spleen and intestines and with
engorgement of the splanchnic blood vessels; the heart dilates
-at first and then stops in diastole. The effect of the venom ap-
pears to be like that of histamine. Saline-infusions and ad-
renahne injections revive the animal by increasing the blood
volume and constricting the systemic blood vessels.

The pharmocological action of the venom of Echis carinata

is similar to that of Indian daboia. It is marked by intense
local inflammation, severe pain and gangrene at the site of the
bite. Haemorrhages and sero-sanguinous effusions are found
in all the serous cavities—pleura, pericardium and peritoneum.
The blood pressure shows an enormous fall, the reflexes are
reduced and finally the heart becomes very feeble and stops in
diastole.—(Chopra's "I.D. of I." p. 443).
Action.—It is said that the pathological effect of any given
venom on nvan varies with the dose injected, and that though
large doses may be lethal, small doses may produce beneficial
physiological effects.—(Chopra's "I. D. of I." p. 444).
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 225

Uses.—Different kinds of pills containing different pro-

portions of snake venom are used in the collapse stage of fever,
cholera and many other complaints from time inmiemorial.
Its use is advised with the fresh juice of sugarcane, by Sus-
ruta in the treatment of ascites. It is irritant to the bowels
and hepatic stimulant, so most of it is thrown out owing to its
purgative action. "Certain classes of people in India take
^mall doses of snake venom habitually by the mouth with the
idea that it protects them from the effects of poisons and dis-
eases".'^ It was known to the ancient Hindus that bile miti-
gates jJie action of snake-venom. This observation has been
verified by Prof. Fraser. In Hindu medical works, many pre- '
.scriptions contain snake-venom and bile of different animals.
In some prescriptions arsenic is advised to be mixed with the
venom. This also mitigates its action. Whatever the mcniv^
operandi may be "I am confident" Dr. Sen says "that snake-
venom is a powerful stimulant if administered by the mouth.
I have shown.Major Gibbons the beneficial effect of snake-
venom treatment in many bad cases of plague. Civil Hospital
Assistant Nrityalal Mookerjee, then Resident Medical Officer,
Cambell Hospital, would not probably have recovered if the
snake-venom pills were not administered to him in heroic doses
as advised by Major Gibbons. Many men are living who have
recovered from plague after the administration of snake-venom
pills. Many of them feel the burning sensation even now, and
have to put cold water on their head to relieve the burning
sensation. I think in cases of blood-poisoning like plague,
where red blood corpuscles undergo disintegration as in snake-
poisoning, it is safer to use snake-venom by the mouth in
preference to hypodermic injections. Dr. Cunningham had
shown that snake-venom causes disintegration of red blood cor-
puscles. Injection of snake-venom in plague cases should he
done very cautiously, for the treatment itself is capable of
oddiTig fuel to the fire. I, therefore, prefer to use the venom,
mitigated with hile or arsenic, by the mouth".—(Dr. H. C. Sen).
Cobra venom is also said to afford a means of diagnosing can-
cer—^Formachidis Test. This test depends upon the activation
by cobra venom of the haemolytic action of serum in the devia-
tion of complement test, and the assertion is that the test oc-

15
226 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

curs only with the serum of persons suffering from malignant

disease.—(Chopra). "Fresh poison of the cobra is now recom-
mended in inoperable cancer on the basis of the experiments
carried out by Calmette and his disciples. 1/100th mouse-unit
is injected at first and the dose then increased to 1/lOth; 1 a n d
5 mouse-units, injected subcutaneously at intervals of 3-6 days,,
gradually advancing to the proximity of the tumour. The sen-
sation of tension due to the injection disappears immediately.
The growth of the tumour is arrested. In several cases com-
plete cures are said to have been.effected. My experience in
a case of limg tumour (Sarcoma?) was negative",—(Dr.
Madaus). In botulism cobra-venom injections have proved of
value. Snake-venoms have been recently used in the Western
medicine in the treatment of epilepsy, chorea, black-water
fever, haemophilia etc.—(Dr. Madaus).

As regards the action of snake venom on blood, whatever

its ratio to blood may be, it has been found from experiments;
made by Dr. Cunningham that a unit of dried venom is capable
of effecting at least 156,000 times its weight of blood to such
an extent as to interfere with its re.spiratory property to a
fatal extent. Cobra venom not only affects the respiratory
property of blood, but likewise its coagulability, and at t h e
same time acts on the red blood corpuscles ^ s their solvent.
Wonderful formulae containing snake-venom in different pro-
portions are to be found in the Rasa Granthas or Works con-
taining valuable prescriptions with rasa or mercury as one of
their ingredients. The following are some prescriptions con-
taining snake-venom and their uses—(1) Suchikahharana,
Rasa.—Take of mercury, sulphur, oxide of lead, aconite and
cobra venom 1 part each, mix and soak in the bile of the follow-
ing animals.—(a) rohti, fish; (b) wild boar; (c) peacock; (d)
buffalo; (e) goat. The pills are made of the size of a mustard
seed. It is generally administered with the juice of ginger.
This prescription is especially indicated in low fevers compli-
cated with looseness of the bowels. The dose is that can be
taken up by the point of a needle. (2) Brihat Stichikabhararru
Rasa.—Take of naercury, sulphur, oxide of lead, reduced black
talc, aconite and cobra venom equal parts. Soak as above in
 WITH AYUEVED1C,UNAN1& HOME :REMEDIES 227

the bile of five animals. The pills are* generally made of the
size of a mustard seed. These are generally administered with
cocoanut water. This prescription is very useful in all fevers
with brain complications and tendency to cardiac failure; also
in cholera, choleraic diarrhoea and obstinate pneumonia.
Cocoanut water should be administered freely. Dahi and soft
rice are generally advised as diet, well cooked m e a t may also
be given freely; there is no restriction about diet; the patient
may have any food according to his liking. Dr. Sen used to
give his patients plenty of sherbuts (acidulated sugar solu-
tions). To relieve the burning sensation he advised sesamum
Oil or sesamum paste to be applied to the burning parts. He
says it is a mistake to be afraid of baths in these cases; over-
cautiousness often spoils the action of the medicine. (3)
Aghore Nrisingha Rasa.—Take of oxide of copper 1 part; re-
duced iron 1 part; oxide of tin 3 parts; prepared talc 4 parts;
swama makshik (iron pyrites), mercury, sulphur, and mana-
shila (red sulphide of arsenic) 1 part each; snake venom 4
parts; ginger, long pepper and black pepper, altogether 4 parts,
nuxvomica powder 22 parts, and aconite 88 parts; these are to
be soaked in the bile of the above animals, excepting that of
goat. Dr. Sen has used this preparation in chronic malariial
fevers. It was particularly useful in those cases where the
liver showed a tendency to cirrhosis. Cases of malarial fevers
which do not yield to the combination of cinchona febrifuge
and arsenic are said to yield to this prescription. Often two
or three pills suffice to check a very obstinate fever. The pa-
tient may have any food to his liking. Baths are strongly in-
dicated. (4) Ardhanariswar Rasa.—Take of mercury, sulphur,
aconite root and exsicated borax. Rub them together so long
as the powder does not become black. ' P u t this inside the
mouth of a black cobra; use mud to close the mouth of the
cobra. P u t this head of the cobra, covered with salt, in an
earthen vessel; cover this earthen pot and apply mild heat for
12 hours. When this vessel is cool, take out the medicine and
triturate it again. Two grains of this is used as snuff; when
introduced into the left nostril the fever of the left side is said
to disappear next day; when it is insufflated into the right nos-
tril, this takes away fever from the right side of the "body.
 228 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Many people believe in its efficacy. If taken internally it pro-

duces the same febrifuge effect. It appears that mild heat
through thick layers of salt does not destroy the snake venom.
(5) Kalanala Rasa.—^Take of black cobra poison, sulphur,
white arsenic, aconite, black pepper, long pepper, ginger,
borax, mercury, iron and copper oxides equal parts; soak them
in the five kinds of bile as mentioned above, and make into one-
grain pill with the juice of datura root. These are given in con-
tinued fever complicated with coma, delirium, cardiac and res-
piratory weakness etc. Dr. Sen further says that there are
many other formulae containing different proportions of snake-
venom. Snake-venom is said to be inert if administered by
the mouth. It is inert as regards producing fatal results, for
it is thrown out with the stools, because it is a stimulant to the
liver and glands of the alimentary tract. He says that there are
hundreds of cases where snake-venom treatment has produced
highly satisfactory results. Shafa-ul-Imraz states that the
blood of a black snake (cobra?) is the best application over
the patches of leucoderma.

"In the treatment of epilepsy, the venom is given in doses

of 1/200 gr. by hypodermic injections, 3 to 5 such injections
being given at 8 days' interval, afterwards two more injections
of 1/75 gr. at 14 days' interval. If the symptoms do not dis-
appear another dose of 1/25 gr. is recommended. The dose and
the interval of the administration had to be varied according
to the age of the patient and the nature of the injury. Fitzsi-
mons (1929) pointed out that this m^ethod of treatment is not .
free from, danger unless the venom, is properly prepared by
skilled hands,—(Chopra).

Spangler (1925) used for non-specific therapy intramusi-

cular injections of the protein of the venom of the rattle-snake
(crotalin) which contains a peptone and a globulin. He took
the degree of eosinophilia produced as a guide to dosage and
frequency of administration of the proteins. Usually the high-
est rise in the percentage of eosinophils following venom pro-
tein injections in doSes of 1/400 to 1/50 gr. occurs by the second
or third day. In from 5 to 7 days after injection, the eosino-
phils will usually have dropped to 4 per cent or less, and the
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 229

patient may be given another injection.. The strength of the

dose is not increased if a given strength produces an increase
of 8 to 10 per cent eosinophils by the second or third day after
an injection. By continuing the injections, the rise of eosino-
phils gradually becomes less, and finally does not exceed nor-
mal limits. The patient is then non-specifically desensitized.—
(Chopra).

Injections of venom of Viper aspis are also said to protect

animals against fixed virus of rabies. Experimental woi-k by
Chopra and his co-workers has shown that cobra-venom is
not absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract. It is, therefore,
difficult to see how the venom given by the mouth can produce
the effects it is claimed to produce by the practitioners of indi-
genous medicine. Besides its irritant effect on the gut, it does
not appear to produce any other marked action. As regards
the stimulant action of the venom on the circulatory system,
it is clear from the experimental data obtained that cobra-
venom has no direct effect either on the myocardium or on the
accelerator nerves in the heart. It undoubtedly produces a
small but persistent rise of blood pressure probably on account
of its stimulant action on the vasomotor centre in the medulla
when it is given intravenously. 'This effect would not be pro-
duced when the drug is given by the mouth. The margin bet-
ween the stimulant and the paralytic dose of the venom on the
medullary centres is too small to warrant the use of the drug
by injection. There also appears to be no rational basis for its
use in the treatment of epilepsy, chorea, haemophilia, etc., for
which it is given by injection by the practitioners of the West-
ern medicine.—(Chopra's "I.D. of I." pp. 444-445).

(1) to (6)--Chopra's "I.D, of I." pp. 439-440. (7) pp. 444.

119. SEVUM PRAEPARATUM

(N.O.:—Ovis. Family:—Ungulata).
Snake venom—see:—Serpent poison.
(Eng.—Prepared Suet. B.P., Arab.—Samin. Pers.—^Paiyah.
Hind. Ben. Guj. Mah Duk. & Kon.—Charbi. Can,—
230 M THE INDIAN MATERIA IVIEDICA

Kiibbu. Tarn.—^Kozhuppu. Tel.—Kovu) is the purified inter-

nal fat of tiie abdomen of the sheep from round the kidneys.
It is prepared by cutting the fat in thin pieces, melting, strain-
ing and purifying or boiling in water and collecting the floating
fat. It is a white, smooth, solid, unctuous mass, harder than
lard, of a bland taste without odour, becoming rancid by keep-
ing. It is insoluble in water and cold alcohol; is freely soluble
in petroleum spirit. It contains stearin, palmitin and olein;
salts, of ol^ic, margaric and stearic acids, with a common base
glycerin; also a trace of herein, some colouring matter, and
odorous principles. It is an ingredient base for cerates, oint-
ments, plasters and liniments, which are used as emollient
dressings for blisters and as a protective for excoriated sur-
faces, chapped hands, cracks, fissures etc.

119A. SNAKE VENOM

See:—Serpent Poison

120. SPONGIA OFFICINALIS or SPONGILLA

(Eng.—Sponge. Arab.—Ispanga. Pers.—^Aberamura-

depa. H^ind.—Badala; Mua. Guj.—^Vadulun. Duk.—^Badalun)
occurs as a light lump of porous nature, yellowish-brown, soft,
elastic and irregularly shaped. It is collected by divers from
submerged rocks to which it adheres. When quite fresh, it is
covered with a gelatinous substance which must be removed
to prevent putrefaction. Dry sponge consists of gelatine,
albumen and iodine. Its ashes are obtained by burning sponge
in a closed vessel. The ashes are used as deobstruent and as-
tringent. Mixed with oil it is applied to swollen glands (goitre)
owing to its containing iodine. It is also given internally in
dysentery, diarrhoea and bowel complaints. Sponge is gener-
ally used for absorbing liquids, cleaning, washing, dilating ca-
vities and for supporting prolapsed parts.
 WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 231

121. SQUALUS CABCHABIUSt

(Eng.—White shark) is found on the sea-shores of Indian

coastal towns. The oil extracted from its liver is called Oleum
Squalae (Eng.—Shark liver oil. Hind. etc.—Machhi-ka-tel.
Tarn. etc.—Meenaennay). It is extracted by boiling fresh,
livers in water. It is a fine, amber coloured oily liquid with
a fishy odour and taste like Cod Uver oil but more strongly
marked and more disagreeable. Left for a time it deposits a
white granular substance "stearin" to which the name of
Sqiudin has been applied. Dose is 1 to 4 drachms. It is richer
in iodine and phosphorous than Cod liver oil, but contains less
bromine and sulphur. As emulsion it is used in doses of 1 to
2 drachms three times daily as nutrient, demulcent and altera-
tive, given in cachexia, pulmonary consumption, atrophy of
body from any cause, scrofulous affections of the joints and
bones especially rickets, scrofulous ophthalmia and scrofulous
abscesses, suppurating glands, ulcerations, discharges from the
nose or ears and skin diseases; in the mesenteric affections of
children with tumefied belly with loose and clavey stools, in
their obstinate constipations, in stricture of the rectum, in
chronic hydrocephalus, in the advanced stages of
spasmodic ' coughs such as whooping cough and
other lung affections and in cholera, epilepsy, neural-
gia especially Tio Douloureux, in chronic rheumatism causing
atrophy, in some form of paralysis and in leprosy. In all the
above cases the remedy should be persevered for weeks or
even longer. The best time for adm,inistering the oil is imme-
diately after or during a solid meed. Taken on an empty sto-
mach it is almost sure to nauseate. Those who caimot retain
it at any other time will sometimes retain a dose if given the
last thing before going to bed. For disguising the nauseous
taste and preventing subsequent eructations, a good plan is to
take a few grains of common salt, both immediately before and
after a dose. As a vehicle a little omum water, or a little
orange wine, o r quinine solution or lime juice or hot strong
coffee without milk have been recommended. The vehicle
should not exceed a table-spoonful with, at first a teaspoonful
of the oil, gij-adually increased to a tablespoonful, so that the
232 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

whole may be swallowed at a single draught. The diet during:

the course of the oil should be plain and nutritious:—^bread,
fresh meat roasted or boiled, poultry, game etc., with a fair
proportion of vegetables and fruits and a moderate quantity of
liquids. All rich articles of food as pastry, fat, meat, cream
etc., should be avoided. During its use the patient should b e
as much as possible in the open air and take gentle exercise.

122. TACHARDIA LACCA

(N.O.:—^Hemiptera; Family;—Coccidae).
(E»g.—Lacca. Sans.—Laksha. Ben.—Gala. Bom. &
Tain.—^Lakh). Used in haematemesis and caries.

123. TURBINELLA RAPA or XANCHUS PYRUM

(Eng.—A kind of shell-fish) .—See "Gastropoda".

124. TURNIX m. tanki, Blyth., & T u m i x dussiunieri, Zemm.

(Eng.—^Birds called Button-Quails. Sans,—LAa. Hind.—
Lawa. Ben.—^Baterpakhi. Tarn.—^Labuwapetta). Flesh is
astringent, demulcent, constipating and stomachic; beneficial
in disturbances of the three humours.

125. UNIVALVE—See Gastropoda.

126. URINE
(Sans.—Mutra. Hind.—^Pesab) of various animals, viz: of
(1) Sheep; (2) Goat; (3) Cow; (4) She-buffalo; (5) Elephant;
(6) Camel; (7) Horse; (8) Ass; (9) 9 x ; (10) Human, are used
in medicine and their properties are described in Sanskrit
works. Of these coio's urine, which contains ammonia in a
concentrated form, is much used both internally and externally.
 WITH AYUEVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES 233

Internally it is highly recommended for cirrhosis of the liver

in doses of one to two ounces. It is also laxative and diuretic
and used in the preparation of various medicines such as
Punarnava mandura, Marichadya taila for enlargements of the
abdominal viscera, painful dyspepsia, ascites, anasarca, jaun-
dice, leprosy, chronic prurigo and other obstinate skin diseases.
It is recommended by Chakradatta as a vehicle for castor oil
given as a purgative. In congestive fever with constipation,
chronic malaria, flushed face and headache, an ounce of fresh
and warm cow's urine is given as a domestic medicine. It is
used externally in the purification and roasting of various m e -
tals and in the preparation of oils, decoctions etc. Goat's
urine is given internally as a laxative and diuretic; it is given
mixed with a compound decoction of Jatamans root, dasamula
etc., recommended by Susruta in the treatment of epilepsy.
Ancient Indian physicians advocated that consumptive patients
should sleep with goats and inhale the ammonia given off from
their urinary excretions.—(Dr. C. Muthu, M.D.). , It is also
used for fever and headache. Ox's urine (Sans:—^Brishamu-
tra) is "stomachic and alleviative of jaimdice, worms, oedema
and diarrhoea". Horse's urine is "bitter, stimulant, stomachic,
purgative, excitive of bile, alleviative of wind and beneficial
in phlegm, ringworm and intestinal worms".— (N. N. Sen
Gupta). Camel's urine is stimulant, bilious, cardiac stimu-
lant and is useful in dropsy. Human urine is stimulant, sto-
machic, cardiac stimulant. Useful in wind, worms and skin-
diseases.

• 127. VARANUS BENGALENSIS, Daud-Iquana.

(Eng.—Monitor. Hind.—Gosamp). Used in consumption..

128. VARANUS SALVATOR

(Eng.—Monitor.) Cures cutaneous disorders.

234 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDIGA

129. VIVERRA CIVETTA; V. ZIBETHA; V. BASSE; Lin.

of Viverridae family
(Sans.—Gandha-marjara. Eng.—Civet Cat. Arab.—Gatt.
Bom. & Hind.—Ladana; Zawad-bander. Ben.—^Khatase;
Mach-bhander. Tarn.—^Punugu-Puney. Tel.—Sawad-puney.
Mah. & Kon.—^Punuga-majar. Can.—^Punugina-Bekku) is a
small animal of the feline species found in Malabar, (India)
South Asia and Africa, resembling a cat, the semi-liquid, un-
ctuous secretion of which is used in medicine. It is an odorous
secretion of musky perfume contained in the pouch of the
civet cat, situated between the anus and the genital organs. It
is a dark coloured lumpy mass resembling Rasavanthi in ap-
pearance and consisting of a homogeneous extract mixed with
small hair, fibres and pieces of wood and ammonia. Its con-
stituents are free ammonia, resin, fat, extractive matter and
volatile oils to which its odoriferous properties are due. It is
used medicinally in the form of extract, ai'omatic pastilles and
liniment; the dose of the extract is from 2 to 5 grains. The
usual tincture consists of 4 ounces of Civet to 1 gallon of alco-
hol. It is stimulant, aphrodisiac and antispasmodic given in
hysteria and nervous exhaustion. Formerly it was used as
an antispasmodic and stimulant, like musk.
Now it is mainly popularly used for perfumery, and in
'Oriental incenses.

130. XANCHUS PYRUM

See:—^Turbinella rapa.
 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDiCA

APPENDIX I.

Drugs (officinal and non-officinal) according to Therapeutical

and Physiological Action.
N.B.—Non-vegetable drugs, and the like have been printed
in -italics.

ABORTIFACIENTS:— Desmodium triflorum.

(See also:—Emmenagogues). Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Gymnema balasamicum &
Abroma augusta. , lactiferum.
Achyranthes aspera. Leptademia spartium.
Aloe litoralis. Tinospora cordifolia..
Anona squamosa.
Carica papaya. ALKALIES:—
Crotolaria juncea. Calcium salts.
Daucus carota. Lithium salts.
Ergot Magnesium salts.
Euphrobia resinifera. Potassium salts.
Ferula foetida. Sodium, salts.
Gossypium herbaceum.
Hydragyrum. ALKALOIDS.—Containing
Ijuffa echinata.
Morinda citrifolia. plants. (A Few).
Moringa pterygosperma. Aconitine (Aconitum ferox).
Nerium odorum. Atisin (Aconitum heterophyl-
Wigella saliva. lum).
Peganum harmala. Berberine (Berberis aristata).
Plumbago rosea, & zeylanica. Brucine & Strychnine.
Plumeria acuminata. (Strychnos nuxvomica).
Pyre thrum indicum. Cannabin (Cannabis indica).
Santalum album. Daturine (Datura fostuosa).
ACIDS:—See General Index Hyosciyamine, Choline, Hyos-
of synonyms, alkaloids, etc. cine & Scopolamine. (Hyos-
cyamus reticulatus).
ADIPOGENOUS AGENTS:— Margosin (Azadirachta indica).
Convolvulous paniculata. Nicotine (Nicotiana tabacum).
236 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Nyctanthin (Nyctanthus Fumaria officinalis.

arbortristis). Gynocardia odorata.
Oleandrin (Nerium. odorum). Hemidesmus indicus.
Pangamine (Pongamia glabra). Hydnocarpus inebrians.
Piperine (Piper longum; P . Hydrargyrum and several of
nigrum, P. cubeba). its compound preparations.
Thebaine, Morphine, Codeine, Hydrocotyle asiatica.
Narcotine, Papaverine & Ichnocarpus frutescens. ^
Landanine (Papaver somni- Ipomoea digitata.
f erum). Lepidium sativum.
Ricinine (Ricinus communis). Melia azadirachta.
Vasicine (Adhatoda vasika). Mimosa pudica.
Vemonin (Psoralea corylifo- Myrica species.
lia). Panax pseudo-ginseng.
Piper longum.
ALTERATIYES:— Plantago major.
Podophyllum emodi.
^These comprise some altera- Pongamia glabra.
tive tonics also)—(See also Smilax China, S. glabra, S.
Tonics). lanceaefolia, S. ovalifolia.
Acorus calamus. Solanum dulcamara, jacquini,
Adhatoda vasika. & nigrum.
Agave Americana. Spermacosse hispida.
Albizzia lebbek. Sulphur.
Ammonium chloride. Swertia chirata.
Aplotaxis auriculata. Taraxacum officinale.
Asclepias asthmatica & giganta. Tinospora cordifolia.
BaUhinia variegata. Tribulus terrestris.
Bombax malabaricum. Uraria lagopoides.
Bdyonia epigsea. Vemonia cinerea.
Calotropis gigantea & procera. Vitex negundo.
Cassia tora. Withania somnifera.
Celastrus paniculata.
Cephalandra indica. ANAESTHETICS:—
China smilax.
Cichorivmi intybus. Acacia femesiana.
Cinnamomum glanduliferum, & Acorus calamus.
parthenoxylon. Camphora officinarum.
Clerodendron inerme, & serra- Caryophyllus aromaticus.
tum. Datura fastuosa.
Coccinea indica. Erythroxylon coca.
Cocculus cordifolia. Ferula asafoetida.
Echium, sp. of; Ehretia Gsmmema sylvestre.
buxifolia. Helleborus niger.
Embelia ribes. Herpestis monniera.
Eclipta prostrata. Melia azedarach.
Euphorbia antiquorum. Nardostachys jatamansi.
 APPENDICES 237

Picrorrhiza kurroa. Berberis aristata.

Saraca indica. Bombax malabaricum.
Calophyllum inophyllum.
ANALEPTICS: See— Cedrus deodara.
"Nutritives"; "Tonics". Curcuma longa.
Datura fastupsa.
Bambusa arundinacea. Feronia elephantum.
Boerrhavia diffusa. FcEniculum vulgare.
Cocculus cordifolia. Glycerrhiza glabra.
Cynodon dactylon. Hyoscyamus niger.
Desmodium triflorum. Myrica sapida.
Emblica officinalis. Nauclea cadamba.
Glycerrhiza glabra. Nelumbium speciosum.
Glycine labialis. ' Nymphaea lotus & stellata.
Gymnema aurantiacum, balsa- Papaver so.mniferum.
micum, lactiferum & spartum. Saraca indica.
Hemidesmus indica. Semecarpus anacardium.
Hydrocotyle asiatica. Saussurea lappa.
Mimusops elengi & hexandra; Shorea robusta.
Nymphaea lotus & pubescens. Typha angustifolia.
Phaseolus trilobus. \ Zingiber officinale.
Prunus amygdalus, communis,
domestica, padum, padus & ANTACIDS:—
serotina.
Terminalia chebula. Apamarga ksharam.
Vanda roxburghii. Chumodakam.
Vitis vinifera. Kadali ksharam.
Potassii carbonas.
ANAPHRODISIACS:— Sarjaksharam.
Agati grandiflbra. ANTHELMEVTS OR
Camphora officinarum.
Colchicum luteum. ANTHELMINTICS:—
Hyoscyamus niger.
(Antiparasitics; Insecticides &
Myrica nagi.
Parasiticides; Vemifuges;
Nelumbium speciosum.
Helminthics, & their Adju-
Nicotina tabacum.
vants) :
Papaver somniferum.
Saussurea lappa. (Adjuvants are in Italics).
Acacia anthelmintica or Albiz-
zia anthelmintica.
ANODYNES: — (See also: — Achyranthes aspera.
Hypnotics; Narcotics, Sedat- Acorus calamus.
ives; Soporifics & Somnifa- Adhatoda vasika.
cients). Aegle marmelos.
Amomum subulatum. Agropyrum repens.
Anisi fructus. Albizzia anthelmintica — see
Aquilaria agallocha. Acacia anthelmentica.
 238 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Alkaloids Embeha ribes & E. robusta.

Allium cepa & sativum. Enzymes.
Aloe species. Erythrina indica.
Alstonia scholaris. Ferula asafoetida.
Ananas sativus. Ficus laurifolia.
Antimony, its compounds & Garcinia pictoria.
potassium, tartrate (tartar- Gardenia Campanulata & G.
emetic) . gummifera).
Areca catechu. Gentian violet.
Arecoline (in areca or betel- Gisekia phamacecides.
nut) . Hagenia abyssinica — see: —
Aristolochia bracteata. Bi'ayera anthelmintica.
Artemisia, absinthium & brevi- Helicteres isora.
folia, & cina, & indica, & mari- Helleborus niger.
tima. Holarrhena antidysenterica, &
Asclepias curassavica. H. pubescens.
Azadirachta indica. Hyoscyamus niger
Beijincasa cerifera. Iron & ammonium citrate.
Brayera anthelmintica or Hage- Juglana regia.
nia abyssinica. Kaolin.
Butea frondosa. Legnaria vulgaris.
Caesalpinia bonduc. Magnesium, sulphate.
Calcium gluconate & C. lactate. Mallotus philippinensis.
Calotropis gigentea. Mangifera indica.
Carica papaya. • Margosine.
Carum copticum. Melanorrhoea usitatissima,
Caryophyllus aromaticus. Melia azadirachta.
Cassia tora. Mineral oils.
Canthelminticum, Chenopo- Monarda punctata.
dium ambrosioides, & C. Moringa pterygosperma.
botrys. Mucuna pruriens.
. Chrysanthemum ciherariae. Nigella sativum.
Cinchona oflScinalis & its alka- Nyctanthus arbor-tristis.
loids. Ocimum sanctum.
Cinnamomum camphora, C. Oleum cajuputi, O. eucalypti,
zeylanicum. Ophioxylon serpentinum.
Citrullus colocynthis. Organic acids, their salts and
Cleome viscosa. esters.
Clerodendron infortunatum. Papain.
Cocus nucifera. Peganum harmala.
Colycopterus floribunda. Picraena or Picrasma, excelsa,
Compounds of Mercury. —see Quassia excelsa,
Costus speciosus. Pimpinella anisum.
Croton tiglium. Piper longum & nigrum.
Cucurbita maxima, & C. pepo. Plantago ovata.
Curcuma longa. Polyporus anthelminticus.
Dryopteris filix-mas. Pongamia glabra.
 APPENDICES 239

Psoralia corylifolia^ Citrus aurantium and vulgaris.

Ptychotis ajowan. Cocculus cordifolia & villosus.
Punica granatum. Emblica officinalis.
Pyrethrins. Eriodendron aneractuosum. '
Pyrethrum indicum. Eugenia jambolana.
Quassia excelsa. Picus Benphalensis & glome-
Quisqualis indica. rata.
Ehamnus cathartica. Gymnema sylvestre.
Ricinis communis (oil). Lodoices seychellaram.
Ruta graveolens. Mica (bhasmam).
Salvadora persica.
Santonin. ANTIDOTES:—
Sassafras venifolium.
Semicarpus anacardium. Achyranthes aspera.
Albizzia lebbek.
Semi refined or unrefined plant
products. Aristolochia indica.
Bragantia wallichii. Q
SimgruUa officinalis & S. Gordia myxa.
Amara, & glauca. Curcuma longa.
Sodium sulphate. Dffimia extensa.
Styrax benzoin. Eupatorium ayapana.
Tanacetum vulgara. Euphorbia neriifolia.
Terminalia belerica. Gymnema sylvestre.
Thymus vulgaris. Ichncarpus frutescens.
Trachyspermum ammi. Leucas aspera.
Tribulus terrestris. Notonia corymbosa.
Vernonia anthelmintica. Ophiorrhiza munghos.
Vitex negundo.
Ophioxylon serpentinum.
ANTIBIIJAR.Y:— Pterocarpus santalinus.
Rubia cordifolia.
ANTIBIOTICS:—Refer to se- Salvadora wightiana.
veral modern synthetic drugs Strychnos columbrina, & S
and preparations. potatorum.
Triehodesma indicum.
ANTICOAGULANTS:— Cit- Vitex negundo.
rates, Heparin. Hirudin.
Andrographis paniculata. ANTIDYSENTEKICS:—
Phyllanthus emblica.
Picrorrhiza Kurroa. Holarrhena antidysenterica.
Trichosanthes dioica.
Vitis vinifera. ANTIEMETICS:—
Andropogon muricatum.
ANTIDIABETICS:— Citrus medica.
Aconitum ferox. Cynodon dactylon.
Asphaltum. Ei-ythroxylon coca (cocaine).
Cassia auriculata, fistula and Eugenia jambolana.
sophora. Hordeum vulgare.
240 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Mangifera indica. Antimony sulphide.

Melia Azedarach. Aplotaxis auriculata.
Myrtus caryophyllus. Argemone Mexicana.
Punicum granatum, Arsenous bisulphuret & trisul-
Strychnos nuxvomica. phuret. ,
Zizyphus jujuba. Baliospermum montanum.
Balsamodendron pubescens.
ANTIGALACTAGOGUES: Berberis aristata.
Bryophyllum calycinum.
Cedrus deodara. Calotropis gigentea.
Cocculus cordifolia, Camphora officinarum.
Cyperus rotundus. Carum copticum.
Hemidesmus indicus. Cassia alata, tora, sophora,
Holarrhena antidysenterica. fistula.
Picrorrhiza Kurroa, Cedrus deodara.
Stephania hernandifolia. Cinnamomum cassia.
Zingiber officinale. Cleome viscosa.
v' Cocculus suberosus & cordi-
ANTIMALARIAL: folia. .
(Or ANHMALARINAL).
Copper sulphate.
Coriandrum sativum.
Allium sativum. Curcuma longa.
Andrographis paniculata. Cyperus rotundus.
Berberis aristata. Datura fastuosa.
Caletropis gigantea. Embelia ribes.
Cinchona calisaya & C. ledge- Emblica officinalis.
riuna, C. officinalis, C. succi- Erythrina indica.
rubra, etc. Ferri sulphas.
$lclipta erecta. Ficus benjamina & glomerata.
Picrorrhiza kurrooa. Gardenia gummifera.
Piper nigrum. Glycerrhiza glabra.
Vitex negundo. Holarrhena antidysenterica.
Indigofera tintoria.
ANTIPARASITICS:—See also Ipomoea turpethum.
Vermicides; Paraciticides; An- Jasmtnum grandiflorum.
thelmintics. Jatropha curcas.
Justicia adhatoda.
Acacia catechu. Kalanchoe laciniata.
Achyranthus sativum. Luffa amara.
Acorus calamus. Mallotus philippinensis.
Albizzia lebbek. Melia azedarach.
Allium aspera. Moringa pterygosperma.
Alstonia scholaris. Myrica sapida.
Amomum subulatum. Nardostachys jataihansi.
Andropogon citratis. Nerium odorum.
Anona squamosa. Nicotina tabacum.
Anthemis nobilis. Ocimum basilicum.
 APPENDICES 241

Piper cubeba, P . longum, & P, Eucaliptus globulus,

nigrum. Eurycoma longifolia.
Pongamia glabra. Fagrae fragrans.
Pterocarpus santalinus. Ficus oppositifolia.
Punica granatum. Geniosporum prostratum.
Quassia excelsa. Hedysarum gangeticum.
Randia dumetorium. Helleborus niger.
'Ricinus communis. Hemidesmus indica.
Salvadora persica. Holarrhena antidysenterica.
Saussurea lappa & auriculata. Hydrargyri sulphidum rubrum.
Semicarpus anacardium. Hymenodictyon excelsum.
Shorea robusta. Justicia gendarussa.
Sinapis alba. Melia azadirachta.
Sulphur. Michelia champaca.
•Symplocos racemosa. Nauclea ovalifolia.
Taraktogenos kurzii. Ocimum sanctum.
Terminalia arjuna & chebula. Oldenlandia herbacea.
Trichosanthes dioica. Papaver somniferum.
Vateria indica. Picrorhiza kurroea.
Withania somnifera. Piper nigrum.
Zanthoxylum budrunga. Plumbago zeylanica.
Pterocarpus santalinus.
ANHPERIODICS & Putranjiva roxburghii.
FEBRIFUGES:—See also 'Quinine'.
Antiseptics). Roylea elegans.
Salix tetrasperma.
Aconitum heterophillum. Soymida febrifuga.
Acorus calamus. Strychnos nux-vomica, & S.
Adansonia digitata. colubrina.
Alstonia constricta scholaris & Sulphur.
A. Swertia Chirata.
Andrographis paniculata. Thevetia neriifolia.
f Aristolochia indica, & A. brac- Tinospora cordifolia.
l teata. Toddalia aculiata.
i Azasiracta indica. Trichosanthes cucumerina, &
Berberis aristata; B. asiatica; dioica.
B. lycium. Vernonia cinerea.
Csesalpinia bonducella, & C. Viola odorata.
coriaria. Vitex negundo.
Cedrela toona.
Clerodendron inerme & C. ANTIPHLOGISTICS:—
infortunatum.
Cocculus Cordifolia. Aloe litoralis.
Coptis teeta. Berberis aristata.
Corydalis govaniana. Datura fastuosa.
Coscinum fenestratum. Hibiscus populnea.
Daemia extensa. Nerium Odorum,..
16
 242 THE INDIAN MATERIA RffiDICA

Santalum album. ANTIRHEUMATieS &

Tabernsemontana coronaria. ANTISPASMODICS:—

ANTIPYRETICS: See also:— Acorus calamus.

(Anti-periodics, Antiseptics):— Andrographis paniculata.
Andropogon muricatum.
Aconitum ferox, A. heterophyl- Argyrea speciosa.
lum, A. napellus. Balsamodendron mukul.
Alhagi maurorum. Brassica nigra.
Alstonia scholaris. Cassalpina bonducella.
Andrographis paniculata. Carthamus tinctorius.
Azasirachta indica. Celastrus paniculata.
Berberis aristata. Datura fastuosa.
Cinchona succirubra & C. offici- Dodonaea viscosa.
nalis (see cortex). Elettaria cardamomum.
Cissampelos pareira. Glycerrhiza glabra.
^ ' Cocculus cordifolia. Gymnema balsamicum.
Y Coriandrum sativum. Hedysarum gangeticum.
Coscinum fenestratum. Hyoscyamus niger.
Dsemia extensa. Linum usitatissimum.
'Dashamula roots'. Moringa pterygosperma.
Desmodium gangeticum. Nardostachys jatamansi.
Emblica officinalis. Oroxylum indicum.
Grewia asiatica. Pasderia foetida.
Hemidesmus indicus. Phyllanthus emblica.
Hydrargyri Sulphidum Picrorrhiza kurroa.
Rubrum. Ricinus communis.
Melia azedarach. Santalum album.
Melia azadirachta. Semecarpus anacardium.
Nyctanthes arbortristis. Sesamum indicum.
Ocimum sanctum. Sida cordifolia.
Oldenlandia herbacea. Solanum indicum & xanthocar^
Picrorrhiza kurroa. pum.
Piper nigrum. Sphasranthus indicus.
Prurius padus. Tabernasmontana coronaria.
Pterocarpus santalinus. Trichosanthes dioica.
'Quinine'. Uraria lagopoides.
Rubia cordifolia. Vanda roxburghii.
Salvadora persica. Vitex negundo.
Santalum album. Vitis vinifera.
Swertia chirata.
Terminalia chebula & belerica. ANTISCORBUTICS:—
Tinospora cordifolia.
Trichosanthes dioica. Aegle marmelos.
Vermonia cinerea. Carica papaya.
Viola odorata. Citrus acida, & C. bergamxa.
Vitex negundo; Feronia elephantum.
 'APl»ENt)ICiE6 243

Lycopersicum esculentum: Melia azedarach.

Mangifera indica. Melia azadirachta.
Moringa pterygosperma. Mimosa pudica.
Musa sapientum. Momordica charantia:
Phyllanthus emblica. Nigella sativa. "
Pyrusmalus. Nymphsea stellata.
Tamarindus indica. Oleum, chaulmoogrsei
Oleurtl hydnocarpi, '
ANTISEPTICS: (See also "Dis- Piper cubeba. [-
infectants", Germicides, "Ver- Pix: liquida ' (tar Stockholm.—
micides". See:—"Dyspepsia & Tar distilled from pine of
Indigestion" in the Index of various kinds).
Diseases 8( their Remedies. Plumbago zej'lanica. •'
Pongamia glabra.
Acacia cat6chu. Potassii chloras.
Acidum sulphufosum Pterocarpus santalinus.
Allium salivum* Randia dumetorium.
Aloe literalis. Rock salt. • •
Alstonia scholaris. Rubia cordifolia.
Andropogon muricatus—}- Saccharum purificatiim.'
Antimony sulphide Santalum- albuiti. '
Asparagus racemosus. Sodium borate (Borax)'.-
Barleria prionitis. Stercosijefwitinti sua\^eoltos.
Berberis aristata \- •• Swertia chirata.
Bbmbax malabaricum. Terminalia-' fchebUla & belerie^.'
Csssalpinia sappan. Tribulus terrestris.—;^|-p '
Calophyllum inophyllumi Trichosanthes dibica!' '
Carum coptiCum. Woodfordia flofibtlnda.'
Caryop'hullus aromaticus. * Intestinal. •• ' •4^''Urinai'|^
Cassia fistula. antiseptics. •"; - '•'
Cera flava.
Cinhamomum camphora.* ANTISPASMODICS:
Cocculus cordifoliai See "Antirhieuiftatics".
Cupri sulphas.
Curcuma longa, & C-. zedoaria. Abies webbiana.
Emblica officinalis. Adhato^a vasica. -
Ferula foetida'.* Allium sativum.
Flacourtia ramontchi. Alpinia officinaniin'.' ''
Ghee. Andropogon citratxim'.
Glycerrhiza glabra. Aplotaxis auriculata. '
Gymnema sylvestre. Artemisia ihdie'a. ' •
Holarrhena antidysent^rica. Balsamodendrdft mukuL
Hygrophila spinosai. Blumea balsiamifera.' '•'
Hyoscyamus niger.* Borax. •• <'•> '-'f ' "' '
Ichnocarpus frutescens. Cal6ti?6';^ig•gigeiita-' ""'<"
Ipomosa digitata.-:^'' Camphora officina^USttV
Mel- depuratum. Cannabis indica; • C. sativa»
 244 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Carum (Ptychotis) ajowan, & Piper nigrum.

C. copticum. Semecarpus anacsirdium.
Caryophyllus aromaticus. Smilax china.
Castoreum. Sulphur.
Chenopodium ambrosiodes. Tinospora cordifolia.
Cinnamomum camphora, & C.
zeylanicum. APERIENTS:—
Glerodendron siphpnanthus. See PURGATIVES
Crocus sativus. APHRODISIACS:—
Datura alba. & D. fastuosa.
Dracontium polyphyllum. Aconthopodium hirtum.
Erythroxylum coca. Acorus calamus.
Euphorbia neriifolia. Allium sativum.
Ferula asafoetida. Alpinia galanga.
Gardenia gummifera, & G. Amorphophallus campanulatus.
lucida. Anacardium occidentale.
Gynandropsis pentaphylla. Aplotaxis auriculata.
Hyoscyamus insanus, & H. Areca catechu.
Niger. Arsenic. *
Justicia adhatoda. Asparagus adscendens, A.
Lobelia nicotiansefolia. gonocladus, A. sarmentosus,
Moschus moschiferus. & racemosus.
Nardostachys jatamansi. Aurum. *
Nicotiana tabacum. Balsamodendron mukul.
Papaver somniferum. Bambusa arundinacea (bamboo
Pinus webbiana. manna).
Potassii Nitras. Bassia latifolia.
Saussurea lappa. Batatas paniculate.
Soda hiboras. Belladonna (atropine).
Stannum. Bombax malabaricum.
Styrax benzoin. Camphora officinarum.
Valeriana hardwickii. Cannibus indica, & sativa.
Viverra zihetha. Cantharides. *
Zinci oxidum Castoreum.
Celestrus paniculatus.
ANTISYPHUJCS:— 'Cinchona'. *
Cinnamomum camphora.
Acacia catechu. ' Conium maculatum. *
Antimonium. Crocus sativus.
Arsenum. Curculigo ensifolia & orchi-
Balsamodendron mukul. oides.
Calotropis gigantea. Cynodon dactylon.
Hemidesmus indicus. Dolychos pruriens.
Hydnocarpus wightiana. Echinops echinatus.
Hydrargyri sulphidum Rubrum 'Ergot'. *
Hydrargyrum. Erythroxylum coca.*
Pinus deodars. Eulophia campestris & vera.
 APPENDICES 245

Ferula asafcetida. Tamarix articulata, & orient-

Ferrum. alis.
Gaultheria procumbens. * Terminalia chebula.
Ghee. Tinospora cordifolia.
Glycine labialis. Tribulus terrestris.
Glycyrrhiza glabra. Tricholepsis glaberrima.
Gossipium indicum. Trigonella foenum-graecum.
Gymnema balsamicum & lacti- Vanga hhasma.
ferum. Vitis vinifera.
Hamamelis virginiana. * Withania somnifera.
Hemidesmus indicus. * Internal.
Herpestis monniera.
Hygrophila spinosa. APPETISERS:—
Ipomcea digitata.
Juglans regia. See:—Carminatives.
Lepidium sativum. Abies webbiana.
Leptademia spartum. Cori'andrum sativum.
Mel depuratum. Elettaria cardamomum.
Mimusops hexandra. Nigella sativa.
Moschus TYioschiferus. Plumbago zeylanica.
Mucuna pruriens, M. prurita. Punica granatum.
Mutella occidentalis.
Myristica fragrans, & officinalis.
Nardostachys jatamansi. Aromatics:—(See also
Nerum odoratum. "Fragrants".)
Orchis mascula; O. latifolia. Abies webbiana.
Papaver somniferum. * Acorus calamus.
Pedalium murex. Carum copticum.
Petrosalium sativum, (active Caryophyllus aromaticus.
principle, 'Apiol') * Cinnamomum camphora.
Phaseolus radiatus & roxbur- Coriandrum sativum.
ghii. -Cuminum cyminum.
Phosphorus. * Curcuma longa; & C. zedoaria.
Piper betle.^ Cyperus rotundus.
Pistacia khinjuk. Elettaria cardamomum.
Pyrethrum indicum radix. Mesua ferrea.
Rhus succedania. Myristica fragrans.
Saussurea lappa. Nardostachys jatamansi.
Semecarpus anacardium. Piper cubeba.
Shorea robusta. u
Sida cordifolia. ASTRINGENTSc—See also:—
Sinapis juncea. " Astringent tonics" under
Smilax chinensis.
'Tonics'.
Solanum indicum.
Stannum (bhasma) Acacia arabica, & A. cateChu.
Strychnia. * (Strychnos nux- Acidurntannicum (tannic acid)
vomica). Aconitum heterophyllum.
 :246 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

AcQTus palamus. Krameria triandra.

Aegle marmelos. • Lawsonia alba.
Ailanthus malabarica. Lycopodium imbricatum.
Alstonia scholaris, Mangifera indica.
Alumen. Mel depuratum.
Aplotaxis duriculata. Memecylon edule.
Areca catechu. Menispermum glabrum.
Bassia latifolia. Mesua ferrea.
Bauhinia variegata. Mimosa pudica.
Blumea balsamifera & densi- Mimusops elengi.
flora. Morinda citrifolia.
Bombax malabaricum. Myrica nagi, & M. sapinda.
Borax. Myristica fragrans.
Butea frondosa. Nelumbium speciosum.
Caesalpinia coriaria & C. Odina wodier.
« sappan. Panicum italicum.
'^ Careya arbprea. Papaver somniferum.
Cassia auriculata. Phyllanthus emblica.
Casuarina muricata. Pistacia Khinjuk.
Cinnamomum Cassia, C. zeyla- Plumbum salts.
nicum. Psidium guyava, & pomiferum.
Coccus lacca'. Pterocarpus santalinus.
Copper sulphate. Punica granatum.
Cordia angustifolia. Pyrethrum radix.
Cynodon dactylon. Quercus infectoria.
Cyperus rotundus. Rhus coriaWa, & R. Succedanea.
Diospyros embryopteris. Rottlera tinctoria.
Elephantopus scaber. Rumex crispus.
Emblica officinalis. Santalum album.
Eucalyptus resinifera. Saraca indica. '
Eugenia jambolana. Sesbania grandiflora.
Feronia elephantiim. Shorea robusta.
Ferri sulphuretum. Spondias mangifera.
Ficus Bengalensis, & glomerata, Strychnos potatorum.
& religiosa, , Sulphuret of antimony.
Garcinia mangostana. Symplocos racemosa.
Gossypium indicum. Syzigium jambolanum.
Grislea tomentosa. . Tamarindus indica.
Hamamelis virginiaha. Tamarix gallica, & T. orientalis.
Helicteres isora, & H. pubes- Terminalia arjuna; belerica, &
cens. chebulax tomentosa.
Heliotropium indicum. Uncaria gambler,
Holarrhena antidysenterica. Urtica dioica.
Ipomcea digitata. ' Viburnum foetidum.
Ixora coccinea. Woodfordia floribunda.
Jasminum grandiflorum. Wrightia antidysenterica.
Juglans regia. Zincum salts.
 APPENDICES 247

BITTERS & BITTER TONICS: Curcuma longa.

(See Stomachics, and "Carmi- Ferri sulphas.
natives"). Hemidesmus indicus.
Hydnocarpus wightiana.
Aconitum heterophyllum. Melia azadirachta.
Ailanthus excelsa. Piper nigrum.
Alstonia scholaris. Psoralea corylifolia.
Andrographis puniculata. Pterocarpus santalinum.
Aristolochia indica, & A. Rubia cordifolia.
reticulata. Sulphur
Berberis axistata. Tinospora cordifolia.
Boerhavia diffusa. Trichosanthes dioica.
Csesalpinia bonduc. Vitis vinifera.
Calamus rotung. .. - Withania somnifera.
Cardiospermum halicabum.
Citrus aurantium, var sinensis, BRONCHIAL ANTISPASMO-
& C. limonia. DICS: — See "EXPECTOR-
Cocculus cordifolius. ANTS".
Corchorus capsularis, & C
trilocularis. CARDIAC TONICS:—
Gentiana kurroa, & G. lutea. ' See "TONICS".
Holarrhena antidysenterica.
Jateorhiza calumba, & J. pair CARMINATIVES: (includingf
mata. flavouring agents, which are in
Luffa amara. italics). See: — " Stomachics";
Melia azardirachta. "appetisers" & (aromatic sti-
Momordica charantia. mulants").
Ophiorrhiza mungos.
Picrsena excelsa. Abiesi webbiana.
Picrorrhiza kurroa. Acorus calamus.
Quassis excelsa. Alpinia nutans & species.
Sphseranthus hirtus & indicus. Amomum aromaticum, A.
Swertia chirata. xanthiodes.
Tinospora cordifolia. Andropogon citratum, nardus,
Vanda Roxburghii. martini, & muricatus.
Anethum graveolens, & A.
BLCM)D PURIFIERS:— sowa.
Anisomeles malabarica.
Abies webbiana. Anthemis nobilis.
Acacia catechu. Acquilaria agallocha.
Adhatoda vasica. Artemisia indica.
Andrographis paniculata. Balsamodendron mukul.
Bambusa arundinacea. Blumea balsamifera.
Berberis aristata. Boswellia serrata.
Calotropis gigantea. Calophyllum inophyllum.
Cinnomomum camphora. Capsicum frutescens, C. mini-
Coccus lacca. mum.
 2k THE INDIAN MATERIA JVIEDICA

Carum (Ptychotis) ajowan; C. Myrica sapida.

(Ptychotis) roxburghianum; Myristica fragrans, M. malaba-
Carum Carvi & C. opticum. rica, & M. officinalis.
CaryophuUus aromaticus. Myrtus caryophyllus.
Cassia species. Nardostachys jetamahsi.
Cedrus deodara. Nigella indica, & sativa.
Chavica betle; C. officinarum; Origanum marjorana.
C. roxburghii. Peucedanum graveolens. •
Chrysanthemum roxburghii. Pimpinella anisuTn.
Cinnamomum. cassia, eucalyp- Pinus deodara, & P. longifolia.
toides, C. Iners, malabari- Piper cubeba, & P. nigrum; P.
cum, tamala, & zeylanicum. longum; P. betle, & aurantia-
Citrus limon. cum.
Coleus aromaticus. Plumbago zeylanica.
Coriandum sativum. Ptychotis ajowan.
Crataeva religiosa. Punica granatum.
•:;^. Crocus sativus. Rock salt.
Cuminum cyminum. Rumex vesicarius.
Curcuma amada, aromatica, Saussurea lappa.
longa & zedoaria. Semecarpus anacardium.
Cyperus pertinuis. Shorea robusta.
Elettaria cardamomum. Sida cordifolia.
Embelia ribes. Solanum jacquini.
Emblica officinalis. Strychnos potatorum.
Eugenia caryophyllata. Tamarindus indica.
Eupatorium ayapana. Tectona grandis.
Feronia elephantum. Terminalia chebula, & belerica.
Ferula asafoetida. Trigonella foenum-grsecum.
Foeniculum, capillaceum, F, Vernonia anthelmintica.
panmorium, & F. vulgare. Withania (Punceria) coagu-
Grewia asiatica. lans, W. (Physalis) somni-
Hedychium spicatum. fera.
Hyssopus officinalis. Zanthoxylum alatum & species.
lUicium verum. Zingiber cassumunar, officinale,
Kaempfera galanga & K. & Z. zerumbet.
rotunda.
Lavendula officinalis. CATHARTICS:—
Liquidambar orientalis.
Melaleuca leucadendron. See:—Purgatives.
Mel depuratum.
Melia azadirachta. CAUSTICSi:—
Mentha piperita. See "Escharotics",
Mesua ferrea.
Micromeria capitellata. (Ashes of. the following
Mimusops indica. plants are used as caustics for
Moringa pterygosperma. opening abscesses):—
Murayya (Bergera) Konigii. Abrus precatorius.
 APPENDICES 249.

Achyranthes aspera. Sesamum indicum.

Allixim sativum. Sodium chloride.
Alstonia scholaris. Trichosanthes cucumerina.
Butea frondosa.
Caesalpinia bonduc. COAGULANTS:—
Calotropis gigantea. Blood-platelets.
Cassia fistula. Calcium salts.
Cedrus deodara. Heavy metals.
Cupri sulphas. Viper venom.
Echites dichotoma. ' Vitamin K.
Erythrina indica.
Euphorbia nerifolia.
CONVULSANTS:—
Gmelina arborea.
Holarrhena antidysenterica. Strychnos nux-vomica.
Justicia adhatoda.
Luffa pentandra. COOUNG:
Musa sapienta. (See also Refrigerants).
Nerium odorum.
Plumbago zeylanica. Andropogon muricatus.
Pongamia glabra. Aplotaxis auriculata.
Semecarpus anacardium. Bambusa arundinacea (Bam-
Shorea robusta. boo manna).
Stercospermum suaveblens. Borax. <
Symplocos racemosa. Cinnamomum camphora.
Terminalia species. Cuminum cyminum.
Curcuma zedoaria.
Elettaria cardamomum.
CHOLAGOGUES:— Emblic myrobalam.
Ghee.
AmmoniuTn chloride.
Hygrophila spinosa.
Bombax malabaricum.
Ipomoea digitata.
Calotropis gigenta.
Mesua ferrea.
Carthamus tinctorius.
Mollugo cerviana.
Cascaria fesculenta.
Piper cubeba.
Cassia lanceolata.
Potassii carbonas.
Cichorium intybus.
Punica granatum.
Cocculus cordifolius.
Rock-salt.
Cosmostigma racemosa.
Santalum album.
Eclipta alba.
Vitis vinifera.
Fel hovinum purificatum. Zingiber officinale (raw), i
Glycerrhiza glabra.
Ipom.cea digitata or paniculata.
Lawsbnia alba. COOLING DRINKS &
Moringa pterygosperma. SHERBUTS.
Nympheea stellata. Aegle marmelos.
Pinus longifolia. Andropogan muricatum.
Podophyllum emodi; P. pelta- Citrus acida, & Citrus
tum; P . indicum. aurantium.
 250 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Hordeum vulgare. Senegal & speciosa.

Oxalis corniculata. ^ Althaea officinalis.
Phyllanthus emblica. Amarantus spinosus.
Punica granatum. Amomum subulatum.
Tamarindus indica. Acquilaria agallocha.
ArachiS hypogaea (oil).
COUNTER IRRITANTS:— Asparagus adscendens.
Astragalu.s gurnmifer.
Siee also:—^Rubifacients. Bombax inalabaricum.
A b r u s precatorius. Borassus flabellifer.
Ammannia baccifera; A. Canarium commune.
vesicatoria. Clitorea ternatea.
Argemone mexicana. Cocculus villosus.
Berberis aristata. Cocos butyraceae, C. nucifera.
Brassica alba. Cordia domestica; latifolia, &
Calotropis gigehtea; C. procera C. myxa.
Caij'sicum species. Curculigo orchisides.
C^Sjia alata, & C. fistula, C Curcuma zedoaria.
foetida, C. tora, C. occiden- , Cydonia vulgaris.
talis. Cyperus rotundus.
Celastrus paniculata. D^pterocarpus turbinatus.
Cleome vi^cosa. Ghee.
Cuminum cyminum. Glycerinum.
Cyperus rotundus. Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Dalbergia odorata. Gmelina parvifolia.
•Gynandropsis pentaphylla. Gossypium mdicum (oil).
Gynocardia odorata. Gracilaria lichenoides.
Holarrhena antidysenterica. Gynocardia odorata.
Lectuca scariola. Hedysarum alhagi.
Melia azedarach. ' Hemidesmus indicus.
Moringa pterygosperma. Hibiscus rosa sinensis & H.
Mylabris cichorii. esculentus.
Piper longam & nigrum. Hygrophila spinosa.
Plumbago zeylanica & rosea. Ipomoea digitata.
Pongamia glabra. Lepidium sativum.
Psoralia corylifolia. Linum usitatissimum (oil).
Salvadora persica. Lycopodium clavatum.
Semeearpus anacardium. Mel Depuratum.
Sinapis alba. Mimosa species.
Zingiber officinale. Nelumbium speciosum.
Nymphaea lotua & stellata.
DEMULCENTS:— Ocimum gratissimum, pillosum
& basilicum.
(See also "Emollients"), Onosma bracteatum.
Abelmoschus esculentus. Oryza sativa (starch, husked
Abrus precatorius. seed, ground and sifted seed)
Acacia arabica, farnisiana, Panicum trumentaceum.
 APPENDICES 251

Permelia perlata. DIAPHORETICS &

Pedalium murex. REFRIGERANTS:—
Pistacia integerrima.
Plantago ispaghula, & P. ovata Andropogan citratum; A.
"species. muricatus.
Poa cynosuriodes. Berberis asiatica.
Prunus amygdalus (oil); & P. Cyperus rotundus.
communis. Leucas linifolia.
Punica granatum. Murraya koinigii.
Pyrus cydonia. Nelumbium speciosum.
Rhus succedanea. Ocimum sanctum.
Saccharum species. Pavonia odorata.
Salvia aegyptiaca. Pinus cedrus & P. deodara, or
Sesam^urn indicum. (oil & Cedrus deodara.
leaves). P r u n u s pudam.
Sida species. Pterocarpxis santilinus.
Solanum tuberosum (starch). Zingiber officinale.
Symplocos racemosa.
Terminaiia catappa. DIAPHORETICS & SUDORI-
Tiaridium indicum. FICS:—(See also: — Refrige-
Tribulus terrestris. rants).
Trichodesma zeylanica.
Triticum aestivum & T. sati- Aconitum ferox.
vum (starch). Acorus calamus.
Typha angustifolia. Andropogon citratum, A. muri-
Vitis vinifera, catus, & species.
Zea mays (starch). Anisochilus carnosum.
Anisomeles malabarica & A.
DEODORISERS:— ovata.
Balsamodendron mukul. Artemesia absinthium.
Cinnamonium camphora. Berberis asiatica.
Curcuma zedoaria. Blumea balsamifera. . >
MGSCJIUS moschiferus. Boerrhav'ia diffusa & B.
Santalum album. procumbens.
Calotropis gigantea, & C.
DEPRESSANTS procera.
(CARDIAC):— Camphora officinarum.
Capsicum frutescens.
Aconitum napellus. Carthamus tinctorius.
Celastrus paniculata.
DESICCANTS:— Cinnamomum camphora.
Bole armeniac. Colchicum luteum (sudorific).
Kaolinum. Coriandrum sativum.
Lycopodium clavatum. Crinum asiaticum, C.
Plumbi carbonas. toxicarium.
Quercus infectoria. Cyperus pertenius & C.
Zinci oxidum. rotundus.
 252 THE INDLA.N MATERIA MEDICA

Elephantopus scaber (sudori- Terminalia chebula.

fic). Zingiber officinale.
Eupatorium ayapana.
Hemidesmus indicus. DISINFECTANTS:—Siee also
Hordium vulgare. "Antiseptics", & "Deodorisers",
Justicia gendarussa. "Germicides" & '*Vermiciides".
Lactuca scariola. Achyranthes aspera.
Meriandra strobilifera. Balanites roxburghii.
Mesua ferrea. Calotropis gigantia.
Mimosa suma. Caesalpinia bonduc.
Moringa pterygosperma. Cissempeios hernandifolia.
Naregamia alata. Cocculus cordifolia.
Ocimum balsilicum & O. Gloriosa superba.
sanctum. Heliotropium indicum.
Papaver somniferum. Melia azadirachta.
Pini^s deodara. Picrorrhiza kurroa.
Plmiibago Zeylanica. Pongamia glabrt^.
Povassium Nitrus. Pterocarpu? santalinus.
Quassia excelsa. Senseviera zeylanica.
Ricinis communis. Santalum album.
Scindapsus (Pothas) officinalis Sodium chloride impura.
Sesamum indicum. Tragia invoiucrata.
Sulphur. Trichosanthes dioica.
Symplocos racemosa. Vanda roxburghii.
Tylophora asthmatica.
Zingiber officinale. DIURETICS:—
Zizyphus jujuba.
Abutilon indicum.
DIGESTIVES:— Achyranthes aspera.
Acorus calamus.
Caryophiullus aromaticus. Agati grandiflora.
Carum copticum. Allium sativum.
Emblic myrobalan. Ammomi carbonas.
Eclipta erecta. Andropojfon muricatus.
Coriandrum sativum. Apocynum cannabinum.
Curcuma longa. Asparagus racemosus.
Cuminum cyminum. Asphaltu'in.
Ferula foetida. Azima tetracantha.
Mesua ferrea. Barleria longifolia.
Moschus moschiferus. Berosma betulina.
Myristica fragrans. Berberis aristata.
Piper longum & its roots, P . Beta mavituma.
betle, P. cubeba, Piper nig- Boerhavia diffusa; B. erecta &
rum. B. repens.
Plumbago zeylanica. Borax.
Potassii carbonas. Butea frondosa.
Rock Salt. Camellia sinensis.
 APPKNDICES 253

Celastrus paniculatus. pelos pareira).

Cinnamomum camphora; C. Parmelia perlata & P. perforata.
zeylanicum. Pedalium murex.
Cissampelos pareira & Phyllanthus niruri: & P .
hernandifolia. urinaria.
See:—^Pareira brava. Physalis alkekinji; P .
CitruUus vulgaris. somnifera.
Clitoria turnatia. Pinus deodara.
Cocculus cordifolius. Piper cubeba.
Costus speciosus. Pistacia lentiscus.
Cratoeva religiosa. Plantago ispagula & P. ovata.
Crinum asiaticum. Plectranthus sculellaroides.
Cubeba officinale. Poa cynosurioides.
Cucumis sativus. Portulaca oleracea & P .
Cynodon dactylon. quadri§da.
Cyperus rotundus. Potassii carbonas & P .
Cytisus scoparius. nitras.
Digitalis purpurea etc. Pothos officinalis.
Dipterocarpus laevis. Premna spinosa.
Elettaria cardamomum. Raphanus sativus.
Erigeron canadense. Saccharum officinarum; S.
Euphorbia nivulia. spontaneum & S. sara.
Glycerrhiza glabra. Santalum album.
Hedysarum alhagi. Saxifraga ligulata.
Hemidesmus indicus. Scilla indica.
Herpestis monniera. Sesbania grandiflora.
Hibiscus esculantus. Sodium salts.
Hordeum distichon. Solanum, S. jacquini, S. nigrum
Hygrophila longifolia; H. & S. xanthocarpum.
spinosa. Strychnos potatorum.
Hydrocotyle asiatica. Taraxacum officinale.
Ipomoea reniiormis. Trianthema portulacastrum.
Juniperus macropoda. Tribulus lanuginosus; T.
Ledebouria hyacinthoides. terrestris.
Luffa amara. Urginea indica.
Lycopodium clavatum. Viola odorata.
Michelia champaka. Vitus vinifera. ^
Mimusops elengi. Withania (Physalis) somnifera
MoUugo cerviana. Xanthium indicum. & X.
Moringa pterygosperma. strumarium.
IVtyristica fragrans. Zingiber officinale.
Nardostachys jatamansi.
Ocimum O. anisatum, ECBOLICSr—See "Abortifa-
cients "; " Elmmenagogues ";
basilicum, O. citratum, & O. Oxytocics; Parturifacients; &
sanctum. "Uterine contractors",)
Panicuni frumentaceum.
Pareira brava (see:—Cissam- Aristolochia indica.
 254 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Cai"um roxburghianum. Ledebouria hyacinthoides;

Glaviceps purpurea of Secale Luffa species.
cereaJe. Mallotus phillippinensis.'
Ferula asafoetida. Mel.
Gossypium herbaceum. Melia azedarach.
Piper longum. Momordica charantia & M.
Saraca indica. monadelpha.
Tylophora asthmatica. Naregamia alata.
Nicotina tabacum.
EMETICS:-— Pentapetes phoenicea.
Physalis flexuosa.
Abrus precatorius. Piper longum.
Acalypha indica. Plumbago zeylanica.
Achyranthes aspera. Podophullum emodi-
Acorus calamus. » Punceria coagulans—see:—•
Alangiurti decapetalum. Withania coagulans. '-'
*" Alumen (repeated doses). Randia dumetorum.
"Y Andropogon serratus. Rock salt:
Anethum sowa. Scilla indica.
Anthemis nobilis. Secamone emetica.
Barleria cerulea. Sinapis alba, & S. juncea:
Barringtonia acutangula. Sinapis dichotoma.
Bassia latifolia & B. longifolia. Sodium chloride. '
Bombax malabaricum. Strychnos potatorum.
Brassica juncea- Tylophora asthmatica.
Calamus rotang. Urginea indica.
Calotropis gigantea, & C. Vangueria spinosa.
J procera. Withania (Punceria) coagulans.
Cassia tora.
Cephalandra indica. EMMENAGOGUES:—See also
CitruUus colocynthis. i ( Abortif a^ients)
Clitoria ternatea.
Copper sulphate. Abroma augusta.
Crinum asiaticum; C. deflexum, Acalypha indica.
var, toxicarium. Allium sativum.
Crotalaria juncea. Aloes indica, & A- litoralis.
Cucumis pseudo-colocynthis. Ammonium chloride
Cucumis trigonus. An'dropogan muricatus.
Echites antidysenterica. Anthemis nobilis.
Entada scadens. Balsamodendron mukul & B.
, Euphatorium ayapana. myrrh. ,
Ficus oppositifolia, & F. poly- Bambusa arundinaceae.
carpa. Blumed balsamifera; & B.
Galedupa arborea. laeera.
Hedysarum alhagi. Brassica nigra.
Holarrhena antidysenterica. Calotropis gigantea.
Lagenaria vulgaris. Carica papaya.
 APPENDICES 255

Cichorium intybus; & C. Ghee.

indiva. Gossypium indicum, etc.
Cinnamomum cassia. (oleum gossypii seminis).
Cow's urine. Hibiscus rosa sinensis'.
Curdled milk. Linum usitatissimum (oleum
Cubeba officinalis. lini).
Daucus carota. Mel.
Erythroxylon" coca- Olea Europoea (oleum olivas).
Ferrum. P r u n u s amara; amygdalus; P.
Ferula asafoetida. communis; P. dulcis, (oleum
Gossypium herbaceum. amygdalae).
Gossypium indicum. Sesamum indicum (oleum
Khito (a kind of Pea). sesami).
Lycopodium clavatum. Sevum prceparatum,
Michelia champaca. Shorea robusta.
Moringa pterygosperma. Terminalia arjuna, & tomen-
Nardostachys jatamansi. tosa.
Nerium odorum. Theobroma cacoa (oleum theo-
]>Jigella sativa. bromalis).
Peganum harmala. Zizyphus jujuba.
Plumbago rosea.
Rubia cordifolia. , ERRfflNES:—See:—
Ruta angustifolia, & R. graveo- Stenutatories.
lens.
Saraca indica. Acacia sirisha.
Sesamum indicum. Achyranthes aspera, & fruti-
Strychnos nux-vomica- cosa.
Trigonella foenum-graecum. Aconitum heterophyllum.
Thevatia nerifolia. Acorus calamus.
Vinegar. Allium sativum-
Balanitis Roxburghii.
E M 0 L £ , I E N T S : — ( S e e also Bassia latifolia.
"Demulcents") Betula bhoorja.
Borassus flabelliformis.
Acacia catechu, fernasiana & Calotropis giganta & procera.
Senegal. Cafdiosp^rmum halicacabum.
Acidum oleicum. (oleic acid). Citrus medica.
Acipenser huso. Clitoria ternatea.
Adeps. Embelia ribes.
Arachis hypogoea (oleum ara- Ferula asafoetida.
chis). Flacourtia cataphracta.
Buchanania latifolia. Galedupa arborea.
Cera alba, & Cera flava. Garcinia xanthochymus.
Cetaceum. , Gymnema sylvestre.
Cocos nucifera (oleum cocos). Halicacabum cardiospermum.
Diosypros glutinosa. Hedysarum alhaji.
Ficus carica. Jasminum grandiflorum.
 256 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Momordica monadelpha. Blumea balsamifera.

Moringa guilandiana; M. hype- •
Boerhaavia diffusa.
ranther^; & M- pterygos- • Cactus indicus.
perma. Calotropis gigantea, & procera-
Nerium odorum. Camphora officinarum.
Nicotina tabacum. Caryophyllus aromaticus.
Ocimum & album sanctum. Cephalis acuminata, & C.
Phyllanthus emblica. ipecacuanha.
Piper longum & nigrum. Cinnamomum camphora, & C.
Pongamia glabra. Zeylanicum.
Pyrethrum indicum. Clerodendron serratum.
Saccharum sara. Cocculus cordifolius.
Corallium ruhrum
Salvadora oleoides, & persica. (calcined).
Shorea robusta. Coriandrum sativum.
Sinapis alba. Crinum asiaticum.
Sodium chloride. Cubeba officinalis.
Tachardia lacca (shellac). Cwpri sulphas.
XanthoQhymus pictorius. Curcuma zedoaria.
Zingiber officinale. Daemia extensa.
Dipterocarpus turbinatus.
ESCHABOTICS:—See Dorema aureum-
Elettaria cardamomum.
"Caustics". Erythroxylon coca.
Eucalyptus globulus. <>
EVACUANTS:—See
Euphatorium ayapana. /
"Purgatives", etc. Euphorbia hirta, E. perviflora;
E. pilulifera.
EXPECTORANTS:— Ferula asafoetida.
(See also:—bronchial Glycyrrhiza glabra & glanduli-
fera.
antispasmodics). Grindelia camporum (bron-
Abies webbiana. chial anti-spasmodicj^.
Acalypha indica- Hydrocotile asiatica.
Achyranthes aspera. Ipomoea digitata.
Adhatoda vasika. Justicia adhatoda.
Allium sativum. Lactuca scariola.
Alpinia officinarum. Ledebouriahyaeinthoides.
Armnonium chloride. Liquidambar altingia; L. orien-
Anisochilus carnosus. talis.
Aplotaxis auriculata. Lobelia nicotianifolia (bron-
Aristolochia indica. chial antispasmodic).
Balsamodendron mukul, B. Mel.
myrrh; opobalsamum; & B. Moschus moschifems.
pubescens. Myrica sapida.
Bambusa arundinacea. Mytilus margaritiferus
Barringtonia acutangula. (calcined).
Benzoinum. Naregamia alata.
 APPENDICES 257

I Nelumbium speclosum. Cumimum cyminum.

' Nicotina tabacum. Curcuma zedoaria.
Nigella sativa.
Nymphaelotus. GALACTAFUGES:—See
Ocimum basilicum & O. sanc- also:—^Lactifuges.
tum.
Opuntia dillenii. Chavica betle.
Pimpinella anisum. Jasminum sambac.
Pinus sylvestris, & P . web- Meriandra strobilifera.
biana. Phaseolus mungo.
Piper longum; cubeba & nig-
rum. GALACTAGOGUES:—See
Pistacia integerrima, & lentis-
cus. also:—Lactagogues.
Polygala crotalarioides; P.
senega; P . telephioides. Abelmoschus esculantus.
Prunus serotina (bronchial Allium sativum.
sedative). Aloe litoralis«
Quillaja saponaria. Andropogon. muricatum.
Asparagus racemosus.
Rhus succedanea, & Kakra- Cocculus cardifolius-
singi. Cyperus rotundus.
Ruta graveolens. Gossypium herbaceum.
Saccharum officinarum.' Hordeum vulgare.
Saussurea lappa. Hygrophila spinosa.
Scilla indica. Ipomoea digitata.
Scindapsus officinalis. Jatropha curcas.
Sisymbrium irio. Nigella sativa.
Solanum indicum; jaquini & Oryza sativa.
xanthocarpum. Piper longum.
Styrax benzoin. Poa cynosuriodes.
Terminalia belerica. - Ricinus communis.
Tylophora asthmatica. Saccharum officinarum; cylin-
Urginea indica, & maritima- dricum; & spontaneum.
• Viola odorata.
Zizyphus vulgaris.
GERMICIDES:—See also:—
FEBRIFUGESt See:— "Antiseptics; Disinfectants &
"~ Vermicides.
Antiperiodics; Antipyretics;
Antiseptics GLUCOSIDES:—

FRAGRANT^:—(See also:— Aloin (aloe vera).

"Aromatics".) Amygdalin' (Linum usitatissi-
mum; Amygdlae dulcis; P r u -
Aplotaxis auriculata. nus pudam).
Caryophyllus aromaticus. Colocynthin (Citrullus colocyn-
Cinnamomum camphota. thus).
Coriandrum sativum. Crocin (Crocus sativus).
17
 258 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Glycirrhizin (Glycyrrhiza Calotropis giganta.

glabra). Cephalandria indica.
Indican (Indigofera tinctoria). Coccus lacca.
Loganm, (Aconitum fero'x). Crataeva religiosa.
Neriene & Rosaginin (Nerium Ferric salts.
odorum). Gymnema sylvestre.
Phloridzine (Apples, Plums & Moringa pterygosperma.
cherries). Plumbago zeylanica.
Picrorrhizin (Picrorrhiza Pongamia glabra.
curroa). Pothos officinalis.
Saponin (Celastrus paniculata; Premna serratifolia.
Crataeva religiosa, Randia Sanseviera zeylanica.
dumetorum). Sesbania aculeata.
Sinalbin (Piper album). Solanum indicum & xanthocar-
Sinigin (Piper nigrum; Bras- pum-
sica alba, & nigra). Terminalia arjuna; bellerica, &.
^ chebula.
GUMS; GUM RESINS,
Cont'g plants:— HAEMOSTATICS &
STYPTICS:—
Acorus calamus.
Alee vera. (N. B. Asterisk marked drugs
Balsamodendron mukul- are styptics.)
Butea frondosa. Acacia catechu.
Calotropis gigantea. Aconitum heterophyllum.
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum. Acorus calamus.
Curcuma zedoaria. Aegle marmelos.
Euphrobia antiquorum. Andropogon muricatum.
Feronia elephantum. Asclepias curassavica.
Ficus bengalensis; F. glome- Balsamodendron myrrha.
rata; F. infectoria; F . reli- Bassia latifolia.
giosa. Berberis aristata.
Gardenia gummifera. Bombax malabaricum.
Glycyrrhiza glabra. Borassus flabelliformis.*
Mesua ferrea. Cocos nucifera.*
Pinus longifolia. Colocasia antiquorum.*
Pongamia glabra. Crocus sativus.
Saussurea lappa. Dalbergia ougeinensis-.
Shorea robusta- Desmodium triflorum-
Diospyros glutinosa.
HAEMATINICS:—(See Eugenia jambos. ^
"Anaemia" in the Index of Eupatorium ayapana.
Diseases and their Remedies). Ficus indica; F. glomerata; F ,
infectoria; & F. religiosa.
Aegle marmelos. Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Asparagus racemosus. Gmelina arborea.
Caesalpinia bonduc. Holarrhena antidysenterica..'
 APPENDiCES 259

Hopea odorata.* INSECTICIDES &

Jatropha curcas. INSECTIFUGES:—
Jonesia ashok.
Mangifera indica. Acorus calamus.
Mel. Anamirta cocculus,—see
Mesua ferrea- Cocculus indicus.
Nelumbium speciosum. Aplotaxis auriculata.
Nymphae stellata. Azadiracta indica.
Pentaptera arjuna. Ckrysanthemum cinerariafo-
Plantago ispagula. lium, (Pyrethrum).
Plumbago zeylanica. Citronella oil (from Andropo-
Premna serratifolia. gon genus etc.)
Punica granatum. Sassafras officinale; S. varii-
Quercus infectoria. folium.
Sodium chloride. Vernonia anthelmintica,
Solanum indicum & xantho-
carpum. IRRITANTS:—(See also
Stereospermum suaveolens. Coxmter-Irritants;
'Symplocos racemosa. Rubefacients).
Terminalia chebula.
Tribulus terrestris. Abrus precatorius-
Uraria lagopoides. Aconitum ferox.
Woodfordia fioribunda. Allium sativum.
Ammoniurri & its preparations.
HELMINTHICS:—See:— Oleum amygdalee volatile puri-
Anthelmintics, etc. ficatum.
Oleum anisi.
HYPNOTICS:—(See also:— Asclepias curassiania.
Sedatives, Anodynes; Narcotics; Baliospermum montana.
Soporifics; Somnifacients.) Balsamum peruvianum (from.
Cannabis indica. Myroxylon pereiras).
Hyoscyamus niger- Balsamum tolutanum (from
Lactuca scariola. Myroxylon toluiferum).
Myristica fragrans & "^ Bee-Venom,
oflficinalis. Brassica alba.
Papaver somniferum. Buchu folia (of Barosma
'Picrotoxin' (glucoside, from. betulina).
seed of Anamirta paniculata). Oleum Cadinum (oil of cade;
Rauwolfia serpentina. juniper tar-oil).
Strychnos nux-vojnicA Oleum cajuputi (cajuput oil
from Melaleuca leucoden-
V dron).
INSECTICIDES:—(Stee
Calotropis gigantea.
"Anthelmintics"
Camphor oleum (Camphora
"Parasiticides") officinarum).
Derris uliginosa. Cantharidinum (from Cantha-
Pistia (stratiotes). ris mylabris).
 260 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Capsicum (from Capsimum orientaleis).

minimum) • Oleum Terebinthinae (oil of
Oleum cari (from caraway). turpentine).
Cineol—see: —Eucalyptol Thymol (fi-om Thymus vulga-
herebelow. ris).
CinnamomLum zeylanicum. Valeriana officinalis-
Citrallus colocynthus. Zingiber officinale,
Colophonium (colophony
resin). LACTAGOGUES:—See:—
Copaiba (from species of co- "Galactagogues" —
paifera).
Coryophyllum (from Eugenia LACTIFUGES:—See:—
aromatica). "Galactafuges".
Crinum asiaticum.
Croton tiglium. LAXATIVES:—See:—
i^ Eletteria cardamomum. "Purgatives"; "Salines",
T Eucalyptol or Cineol (from
Eucalyptus oil). LITHONTEIPTICS:—
Euphorbia antiquorum & E. Asphaltum.
neriifolia. Barleria prionitis.
Ferula foetida. Butea frondosa.
Foeniculam vulgare. Calotropis giganta,
Gloriosa superba. Capparis trifoliata.
Jatropha curcus. Coleus aromaticum.
Oleum juniperi (from Junipe- Capper sulphate.
rus communis). Crataeva religiosa.
Oleum lavandulae (from La- Emblica officinalis.
vandula officinalis). Euphorbia, nerifolia.
Lagenaria vulgaris. Ferri sulphureturn.
Limonix cortex (from Citrus Ferula asafoetida.
limonia). Herpestis monniera.
Luffa amara; L. echinata. Nymphaea stellata.
Oleum menthae piperitae Pentaptera arjuna.
(from Mentha piperata). Plectranthus scutellaroides,
Menthol (peppermint Poa cynosuriodes-
camphor). Saccharum spontaneum.
Myristica fragrans. Saxifraga ligulata.
M y r r h (from Commiphora Scindapsus officinalis.
molmal). Sodium chloride, impura.
Nerium odorum. Terminalia arjuna, chebula &
Randia dumetorum. ., balericfa.
Oleum Rosmarini (from Ros- Tribulus terrestris.
marinus officinalis). Vanda Roxburghii.
Oleum Santali (from Santalum
album). LUBRICANTS:—
Strychnos nux-vomica. Cera flava.
Styrax (from Liquidambar Oleum ricini.
 APPENDICES 261

Oleum sesami. Dhatura alba; D. fastuosa & D.

nigra.
MYDRIATICS;— Gymnema sylvestre.
Herpestis monnifera.
Datura alba (daturine). Hyoscyamus aureus; H. niger;
Scopolia lurida. H. reticularis, etc.
Solanum nigrum (solanine). Nicotiana tabacum.
Papaver somniferum.
MYOTICS:—Papaver Rauwolfia serpentina,
Somnifermn. Sida cordifolia.
Solanum nigrum.
NARCOTICS:—See also:— Strychnos ignatii, & S. nux-
Sedatives, Soporifics; vomica.
Anodynes; Somnifacients; Withania somnifera.
Hypnotics.
Aconitum ferox. NUTRIENTS:—See also:—
Aplotaxis auriculata. Nutritives.
Artemesia absinthium. Glucosum liquidum (liquid
Cannabis sativa, & C. indica. glucose).
Celsia coromandeliana. Hordeum distichon. (Extract
Cocculus indicus. of malt).
Datura alba, & D. fastuosa. Laevillosum (laevulose, fru-
Hyoscyamus insanus. tose).
Lactuca scariola. Saccharum purificatum
Meconopsis aculeata, & M. (Sucrose).
nipalensis.
Melia azedarach. NUTRmVES:—See "Tonics"
Myristica malabarica. & Nutrients; Analeptics.
Nicotiana tabacum.
Papaver somniferum. Asparagus racemosus.
Santalum album. Cocos nucifera.
"Withania (Physalis) somni- Cybium commersonii.
fera. Ghee.
Gracilaria lichenoides.
NAUSEANTS:— Ipomoea digitata.
Mel depumtum.
Ferula foetida, F. narthex, etc. Oleum sessami-
Valeriana officinalis, etc. Punica granatum.
Squalus carcharis.
NERVINES:—See:—Tonics. Tinospora cardifolia.
Aconitum ferox, & A. hetero- Withania somnifera.
phyllum.
Canabis indica, C. orientalis & OXYTOCICS:—See:—
C. sativa. Ecbplics, eic.
Canscora decussata.
Centipeda orbicularis. PARASITICIDES:—See:—
Delphinium denudatum. Antiparasitics.
262 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

PARTURIFACIENTS:— Oil.
See:—"EcboUcs" etc. Rock salt.
Sugar.
Aristolochia bracteata.
Cannabis sativa, PURGATIVES &
Chavica roxburghii. LAXATIVES:—(Cathartics,
Hordeum decorticatum & Salines, Evacuants &
Oryza sativa (Ergot from Aperients). (Laxatives are
these two drugs). with asterisks).
Ophioxylon serpehtinum.
Abi-us precatorius.
PECTORALS:— Acacia concinna.
Acalpha indica.
Achyranthes aspera.
Achyranthes aspera.
Andropogon citratis; A. iwar-
Aegle marmelos.*
ancusa; A. martini and A. Agati grandiflora.
muricatus.
Aleurites triloba-
A ^ a r a g u s racemosus.
Alhaqi maurorum.
Bderhavia diffusa.
Cassia fistula; C, lanceolata, Aloes barbedensis & A. indica;
(anthracene purgative). Aloe
and C- sophora.
literalis; A. vera.
Clitoria ternata.
Desmodium triflorum. Anthericum tuberosum.
Embelia ribes. Argemone mexicana.
Glycine labialis. Asclepias geminata.
Hemidesmus indicus. Baliospermum montanum.
Hygrophila spinosa. Bariiigtonia acutangula.
Ichnocarpus frutescens. Berthelotia lanceolata.
Ipomcea digitata. Bignonia Suaveolens.
Mucuna pruriens. Boerhavia diffusa;* B. procuffl-
Myrica sapida. bens.
Ocimum sanctum, & O. hirsu- Eombax malabaricum.
. tam. Butea frondosa.
Ricinis communis. Caesalpinia bonduc.
Ruta graveolens. Calotropis gigantea.
Sida cordifolia, & S. spinosa. Canscora decussata.
Solanum indicum, S. xantho- Cardiospermum helicacabum.
carpum & S- nigrum. Carthamus tinctorius.
Strychnos nox-vomica. Cascara sagrada.
Tragia involucrata. Cassia absus (drastic purga-
Tribulus terrestri.s. tive). C. acutifolia; C, alata;
Uraria lagopoides. C. fistula; C. angustifolia,
Vitex negundo. (anthracene purgative); C.
Vitis vinifera. lanceolota; C. occidentalis
(drastic purgative); C. so-
phora & C. tora.
PRESERVATIVES:—
Cissampelos hexandra.
Ghee. CitruUus or Citrus colocynthis
Honey. (drastic purgative).
 APPENDICES 263

Cleome felina. purgative).

Clitoria ternatea- Luffa acutangula; L. aegyp-
Convolvulus turpethum. tica; L. amara, and L. echi-
Costus speciousus. nata.
Croton oblongifolius; C. pava- Lycopersicum esculentum.
na; C. polyandrum & C. tig- Magnesium sulphate.
lium (drastic purgative). Mallotus philippinensis.
Cucumis hardwickii & C. tri- Mengifera indica.
gonus. Melia azedarach-
Cuscuta reflexa (cholagogue Mirabilis jalapa.
purgative). Momordica charantica.
Desmodium triflorum. Oleum ricini.*
Eclipta alba, & E. erecta (cho- Oleum sesami.*
lagogue purgative). Panicum frumentaceum.
Emblica officinalis. Pavetta indica.
Euonymus atropurpureus (cho- .Pharbitis nil or semina.
lagogue purgative). Picrorrhiza kurrooa.*
Euphorbia nerifoha (drastic Plantago ovata.*
purgative). Plumbago zeylanica.
Tel hovis, or F. hocinum. PhosTphate of sodium.
Ficus carica.* Plumeria acutifolia.
Fumaria officinalis & F. parvi- Poa cynosuroides.
flora (cholagogue purga- Podophyllum emodi, P . mdi-
tives) . cum, P. peltatum (cholago-
Garcinia indica; G- morella & gue purgative).
G. pictoria; G. purpuria & G. Premna serratifolia.
xanthochymus. Prunus amygdalus,* P, com-
Gardenia campanulata. munis,* P. domestica,* P.'
Geledium cartilagineum,* G. institia.*
comeum lamouroux. Punica granatum.
Glycyrrhiza glabra. Pyrus malus.*
Gmelina arborea. Rasakarpura;* Rock-salt.*
Grewia asiatica. Rhanus purpureas, & purshia-
Halicacabum fcardiospermum. nus (anthracene purgatives).
Helleborus niger (drastic pur- Rheum emodi (anthracene pur-
gative) . gative.
Hemidesmus indicus. Rheum palmatum.
Hordeum hexactachon. Ricinus communis.
Indigofera tinctoria. Rosa damascena, & R. glandu-
Ipomoea batatas; I. ceerulea, I. lifera.
cymosa, I. digitata, I. hede- Saccharum spontaneum.
racese (drastic purgative). Salvadora persica, S. wighti-
I. pescaprse, I, purga, I. remi- ana.
formis; & I. terpethum Senna indica.
(drastic purgative). Sida cordifolia.
Jatropha curcus; J. montana. Sodium & Potassium tartrates
Lagenaria vulgaris • (drastic & citrates.
 264 THE INDLfVN MATEEIIA MEDICA

Solanum xanthocarpum* & oleander.

S- indicum. Picrorrhiza kurroa.
Sterospermum suaveolens. Plumbago zeylanica.
Sulphates of Potassium, of Pongamia glabra.
sodium, Ricinus communis.
Sulphur (& of magnesium,; Rubia cordifolia.
carbonate (& oxide of mag- Semecarpus anacardium.
nesium. Spondias mangifera.
Tamarindus indica.* Symplocos racemosa.
I Taraxacum officinale (cholago- Terminalia arjuna.
gue purgative). Woodfordia floribunda.
Terminalia species.* Zizyphus jujuba.
Trianthema monogyna.
Trichosanthes cucumerina; T. REFRIGERANTS:—See
. . cuspida; T. dioica; T. laci- also:—^Diaphoretics, etc.,
niosa; T. palmata (drastic Sudorifics.
.nurgative); T. nervifolia.
Uraria lagopoides. Acorus calamus.
Vitis venifera.* Adansonia digitata-
Zizyphus jujuba; Z. laccifera Andropogan muricatus.
& Z. napeca. Aloe indica & A. litoralis.
Asparagus racemosus.
PUSTULANTS:— Borassus flabelliformis.
Cicer arietinum.
Aegle marmelos- CitruUus vulgaris.
Andropogon species. Citrus bergamia.
B a s ^ a latifolia. Cocculus cordifolius.
Boswellia serrata. Cocos nucifera.
Buchanania latifolia. Coriandrum sativum.
Butea frondosa. Cyperus rotundus & C. perta-
Calotropis giganta. nuis.
Cedrela toona. Embelia ribes.
• Cinnamomum tamala. Glycerrhiza glabra.
Cissempelos hexandra & C. Hemidesmus indicus.
hernandifolia. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.
Croton tiglium. Nelumbium speciosum.
Ficus Bengalensis; F . glome- Nymphaea stellata; N. rubra;
rata & F. religiosa. N. alba; N. odorata; & N.
Gloriosa superba. cyanea.
Glycerrhiza glabra. Oldenlandia herbacea.
Mangifera indica. Pavonia odorata.
Mimosa pudica; & M- sylva- Piper longum.
tica. Plumbago zeylanica.
Mimusops elangi. Potassium, nitras.
Nauclea cadamba. Pterocarpus santalinus.
Nelumbium speciosum. Punica granatum.
Nerium odorum & N. Rosa damascena.
 APPENDICES 265

Santalum album. Cleome viscosa.

Sugar. Ferula asafoetida.
Tamarindus indica. Glycyrrhiza glabra-
Trichosanthes dioica. Moringa pterygosperma.
Vitus vinifera- Nymphse lotus.
Zingiber officinale. Pimpinella anisum.
Piper longum, & P . nigrum.
RUBEFACIENTS & Plumbago zeylanica.
COUNTER-IRRITANTS:— Plumeria acuminata.
Psoralea corylifolia.
Anacardium occidentale. Pterocarpus santalinus.
Andropogon citratum. Rubia cordifolia.
Anisomeles malabarica. Rumex vesicarius.
Argyreia speciosa. Semecarpus anacardium.
Beliospermum (croton) mon- Sinapis juncea.
tanum. Zingiber officinale.
Capsicum fastigiatum.
Chavica betle; C. officinarum; SALINES:—See Laxatives . &
C. roxburghii. Purgatives.
Croton oblongifolius & C.
pavana. SAPONINS & SAPOTOXINS:
Euphorbia antiquorum, & E. —These are contained in:—
tirucalli. Acacia concinna.
Gynandropsis pentaphylla. Celastrus paniculata.
Jatropha curcas & J. glanduli- CratfBva religiosa.
fera. Randia dumetorum.
Moringa pterygosperma- Sapindus trifoliatus.
Myrica sapida.
Myristica malabarica & M. SEDATIVES: (Cerebral &.
officinalis. local):—(See also:—Hypno-
Piper Fiigrum. tics, Narcotics, and Anodynes).
Plumbago rosea, & P . zeyla-
nica. Achyranthes aspera.
Salvadora wightiana. Amomum subulatum.
Semecarpus anacardium. Berberis aristata.
Sinapis juncea. Borax.
Vateria indica. Cardiospermum helicacabum.
Cinnamomum camphora.
RUBEFACIENTS & Clitoria ternatia, & C. marina.
IRRITANTS:—See also:— . Curcuma longa.
Vesicants. Datura alba, & D. fastuosa.
Embelia ribes.
Allium sativum. Ferula fcetida.
Andropogan muricatus. Hyoscyamus niger.
Argemone mexicana. Moringa pterygosperma.
Calophyllum inophyllum. Nardostachys jatamansi.
Caryophyllus aromaticus. Nigella sativa-
 266 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Ocimum basilicum; O. sanc- Potassium nitras (also cerebro-

tum; O. gratissimum and O. spinal) .
villosum. P r u n u s padus.
Papaver soirmiferurn. Pterocaipus santalinus.
Piper longum; P . nigrum; & Santalura album.
P. aurantiacum.
Rauwolfia serpintina. SEDATIVES:—Nervbie:—
Salvador^ persica.
Sinapis alba, & S. nigra. Commiphora molmol.
Sodium chloride, & S. impura. Ferula foetida.
Xanthoxylon alatum. Valeriana officinalis.
Zingiber officinale.
SEDATIVES:—Uterine,
SEDATIVES:— & Astringents:—
^ (Pulmonary):— Berberis aristata.
Bombax malabarica.
^^ Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.
rCostus speciosus- Premna integrifolia.
Cvircuma zerumbet. Terminalia arjuna.
Emblica officinalis.
Phyllanthus niruri. SIALAGOGUES:—
Rhus succedania.
Solanum xanthocarpum, & S. Anacyclus pyrethrum.
indicum. Aristolochia reticulata.
Terminalia chebula. Ascelpias asthmatica, & A-
Zizyphus jujuba. curas-savica.
SEDATIVES:— Brassica alba.
Chrysanthemum roxburghii.
(Vascular). Erythroxylon coca.
Gentiana lutea.
Aconitum ferox (also cardiac Glycyrrhiza glabra.
and cerebrospinal). Hydrargyrurh.
Andropogon muricatus. Hyperanthera pterygosperma.
Brassia latifolia. Jateorhiza palmata.
Cocculus cordifolia. Jatropha curcas.
Eucalyptus globulus (cerebro- Menespermum fenestratum, &
spinal) . M. hirsutam.
Glycerrhiza glabra. Myrica sapida.
Gmelina arborea. Nicotina tabacuin.
Hemidesmus indicus. Piper species.
Ichoncarpus frutescens. Plumbago rosea, & P. Zeyla-
Lactuca scariola (cerebro- nica.
spinal). Pyrethrum radix-
Nicotina tabacum (also car- Sinapis juncea.
diac). , Solanum jacquini.
Nymphsea stellata. Swertia chirata.
Pavonia odorata. Zingiber officinalis.
 APPENDICES 267

SOOTfflNG:— Buchanania latifolia.

Aplotaxis auriculata. Ficus glomerata.
Asparagus racemosus. Grewia asiatica.
Bamboo-manna, Hordium hexactichon.
Boihbax inalabaricum. Oriza sativa, ( variety of).
Ghee. Phoenix syivestris.
Glycyrhiza glabra. Punica granatum.
Mel depuratum. Sacharum officinarum.
Oleum sesami. Zizyphus jujuba.
Plantago ovata. (Vascular).
Saccharum officinarum. Acorus calamus.
Termirlalia Balerica. Aquilaria agallocha.
Capsicum annam-
SOPORIFICS:—See Cassia auriculata.
"Hypnotics", etc. Cinnamomum camphora
Ferula asafoetida (also cere-
STERNUTATORIES:—See bro-spinal).
"Errhines'. Myristica malabarica.
Piper longum.
STIMULANTS:—See also Premna serratifolia.
"Carminatives", Ptychotis ajowan.
Solanum xanthocarpum.
"Antispasmodics" & "Tonics". Tabernamonatacoronaria.
(Respiratory):— Thea assamica.
Anacardium occidentale. Zingiber officinale.
Andropogon species- (Cerebrospinal).
Arrack (country-spirit). Allium sativum.
Bassia latifolia, & B. longifolia. Cannabis indica.
Borassus flabelliformis. Castoreum.
Cannabis sativa. Erythroxylon -dOCa.
Caryota urens. Moschus mosChiferus.
Celastrus paniculata. Nardostachys jatamansi-
Cocos nucifera. Papaver sorfthiferum.
Costus speciosum. Saussurea auriculata.
Curcuma zerumbet. Strychnos nox-vomica.
Elettaria cardamomum. SMMULANTS CARDIAC:—
Ferula asafoetida.
Nardostachys jatamansi. Camphora officinarum.
Ocimum sanctum. Cane-sugar.
Peganum harmala. Digitalis lanata; D. purpurea.
Phyllanthus niruri. Ephedra vulgaris.
Rubia cardifolia. Glucose.
Rumex vesicarius. STIMULANTS-
Salix capraea.
Salvadora wightiana. GENERAL:—
Vitex nigundo, & V. trifolia. Allium cepa, & A. sativum.
f Spinal). Alpinia galanga.
 268 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Anacyclus pyrethrum. STIMULANTS—

Andrographis paniculata. ' TEREBINTHINATE:—
Aplotaxis auriculata. Ailanthus malabarica.
Caryophyllus aromaticus. Balsamodendron mukul, & B.
Citrus medica. pubescens. '
Clerodendron siphonanthus- Boswellia floribunda.
Coffea arabica. Calophyllum inophyllum.
Coriandrum sativum. Canarium commune, & C.
Crocus sativus. strictum.
Dryobalanops aromatica. Dipterocarpus laevis.
Gaultheria fragrantissima. Dorenea aureum.
Melia azadirachta. Pinus deodara, & P. longifolia.
Moschus moschiferus. Pictacia cabulica, &. P. Khin-
Myristica fragrans. juk.
Piper nigrum, & P . longum. Shorea robusta.
Terminalia arjuna. Vateria indica.
V Woodfordia floribunda.
Zingiber officinale. STIMULANTS TO ULCERS,
ABSCESSES ETC.:
SPECIAL STIMULANT Argemone Mexicana.
APPLICATIONS IN Azadirachta indica.
AFFECTIONS OF THE Borassus flabelliformis.
EYE:— Eupatorium ayapana.
Gardenia gummifera.
Argemone mexicana (juice). Hydrocotyle asiatica.
Berberis lycium (extract). Mirabilis jalapa.
Cassia absus, & C. Auriculata Myristica malabarica-
(powdered seeds). Vitex negundo, & V. trifolia.
STIMULANTS IN STIMULANTS-
RHEUMATISM, ETC.:— UTERINE:-
Allium sativum.
See:—"Rubefacients". Alpinia galanga.
Anethum sowa.
STIMULANTS IN SKIN Balsamodendron mukul, &
DISEASES:— B. myrrha. ,,
Argemone mexicana. Bambusa arundinacea.
Bignonia xylocarpa. Cinnamomum camphora, & C.
Cassia alata; & C. occidentalis; zeylanicum.
C. Sophora; & C. Tora. Ruta graveolens.
Ficus bengalensis. Semecarpus anacardium.
Pinus deodara. Sesamum indicum.
Pongamia glabra. STOMACHICS:—See:
Rhinacanthus communis.
Santalum album. "Bitters & Bitter Tonics,"
Thespesia populnea. & "Carminatives".
Tiaridium indicum. Aconitum heterophyllum.
 APPENDICES 269

Acorus calamus. Picrorrhiza kurroa.

Adansonia digitata. PimpineUa anisum.
Aegle marmelos. Pinus webbiana.
Alstonia scholaris. Piper longum; P . chaba betle;
Andrographis paniculata. \ P . nigrum; & P. aurantia-
Anethum sowa. cum-
Anthemis nobilis. Plumbago zeylanica.
Artemisia maritima. Premna herbasea; P. integri-
Asparagus adscendens. folia; & P . serratifolia.
Berberis aristata. Ptychotis ajowan.
Beerrhavia diffusa. Pyrus malus.
Capparis trifolia. Quassia excelsa.
Carica papaya. Rheum, emodi.
Carum carui. Scindapsus officinalis.
Caryophyllus aromaticus. Sida cordifolia.
Cassia fistula. Siegesbeckia orientalis.
Cedrus deodara. Sinapis alba.
Cinchona cortex. Stercospermum suaveolens.
Cissampelos hexandra. Strychnos nux-vomica, & S.
Citrus indica. potatorum.
Cocculus cordifolius. Swertia chirata.
Coptis teeta- Tamarindus indica.
Cuminum cyminum. Terminalia chebula.
Curcuma longa, & C zedoaria. Trigonella foenum-grsecum.
Cyperus rotundus. Uraria lagopoides.
Eclipta alba, & E. verbesina. Zingiber officinalis, & Z. ze-
Elettaria cardamomum. rumbet.
Embelia ribes.
Emblica officinalis. STYPTICS: See:—
Erythroxylon coca. "Hcemostatics".
Ferula asafcetida.
Ficus glomerata. SUDORIPICS:—See
Flacourtia cataphracta. "Diaphoretics"; Refrigqrattts;
Foeniculum vulgare. TANNIN—containing plants.
Gentiana kurroa.
Glycerrhiza glabra. Acacia arabica, & A. catechu.
Gmelina arborea. Aegle marmelos.
Hibiscus abelmoschus; H- po- Areca catechu.
pulnea; & H. rosa-sinensis. Bauhinia variegata.
Holarrhena antidysenterica. Eugenia jambolana.
Hydrocotyle asiatica. Mangifera indica.
Hyssopus officinalis. Mesua ferrea.
Melia azadarach. Mimusops elengi.
Mentha sylvestris, Myrica sapida.
Mesua ferrea. Punica granatum.
Momordica charantia; M. Quercus infectoria.
myxa; & M. dioica. Saraca indica-
 2T0 THE INDIAN JIATKRIA MEDICA

Terminalia arjuna, & T. to- Mesua ferrea.

mentosa. Michelia champaca.
Woodfordia floribunda. Ophelia angustifolia; O. Chi-
Zizyphus vulgaris. rata; O. densifolia; & 0 .
felegans.
TISSUE BUILDERS:—See Ophiorrhiza mungos.
also "Tonics". O^hioxylon serpentinum.
Papaver somniferum's noci-
Emblic myrobalan.
tine.
Bamboo manna. Picrorrhiza kurrooa. '
Tinospora cardifolia (satwam) Rhazya stricta.
of. Sida acuta, & S. cordifolia-
Withania somnifera. Strychnos nux-vomica.
Swertia chirata.
TONICS: Aromatic & Thalidrum foliolosum.
Bitter. Tinospora cordifolia, & T.
-s.(See also:—Bitters & Bitter crispa, (cardiac).
Tonics). Toddalia aculeata.
Aconitum heterophyllum. Trichosanthes cordata, T. ner-
Acorus calamus. vifolia; & T. palmata.
Ailanthus excelsa.
Andrographis paniculata. TONICS: ASTRINGENT. .
Antiaris saccidora. (See ako:—"Astringents";
Aristolochia indica. "Nutritives" & "Tissue-
Artemisia indica. Builders.)
Berberis asiatica & species-
Brucea (Nima) quassioides. Alstonia scholaris.
Caesalpinia bonducella. Arum campanulatum.
Chrysanthemum roxburghii. Azedirachta' indica.
Cicendia hyssopifolia. Cedrela toona.
Cissampelos pareira. Diospyros melanoxylon.
Clerodendron infortiinatum. Flacourtia cataphracta-
Cocculus villosus. Holarrhena antidysenterica, &
Coptis teeta. H. Pubescens.
Cordia latifolia, & C. myxa. Hymenodictyon excelsum.
Corydalis govanjana. Mimusops elengi.
Coscinium fenestratum. Nauclea ovalifolia.
Cratasva religiosa. Rhus succedanea.
Cyperus pertenius, & C. rotun- Soymida febrifuga.
dus. Terminalia chebula.
Erythraea roxburghii. Xylocarpus granatum.
Eupatorium ayapana. TONICS:—(See also
Exacum bicolor; E- peduncula- "Nutritives"; Alternatives;
tum; & E. tetragonum. & "Tissue -Builders" &
Ficus oppositifolia.
Stimulants.
Gentiana kurroo.
Luffa amara. Allium sativum.
 APPENDICES 271

Ambfa grise'a. Hemidesmus indicus.

Amygdalus dulcis (See: Herpestis monniera (nervine).
Primus amygdalus). Hydnocarpus wightiana.
Anthemis nobilis. Hydrocotyle asiatica.
Aquilaria agallocha. Hygrophila spinosa.
Arsenious acid (nervine). Ichnocarpus fruteScens.
Arum campanulatum'. Ipomoea digitata, & I. batatas.
Asparagus raoemosa- Lansania alba.
AsphaltuTn (nervine). MeHa azadirachta.
Auram, calcined. Mimosa pudica.
Balsamodendron mukul, Mimisops elengi.
Bambusa arundinacea. Moschus moschiferus-
Barleria prionitis. Mucuna pruriens.
Bassia latifolio; longifolia; Nardostachys jatamansi (ner-
& butyracea. vine).
Bauhinia variegata. Nerium odorum.
Beiiincasa cerifera. Onosma species.
Berberis aristata. Pedalium murex.
Brassica campestris^ & B. Phaseolus trilobus.
jun-
cea (nervine). Phoenix sylvestris.
Buchanania latifolia. Phyllanthus emblica.
Caesalpinia digyna. Pistacia vera.
Calotropis gigantea. Prunus amygdalus {Sef:—
Canscora decussata (nervine). Amygdalus dulcis).
Casearia esculenta- Pterocarpus santalinus.
Cinnabar. Pyrethrum radix.
Cinnamomum camphor^. Rubia cordifolia.
Clerodendron siphonanthus. Saccharum purificatum.
Cocculus cordifolia. Saraca indica.
Convolvulus paniculatus. Semecarpus anacardium.
Cardia iatiidiia, & C. xoyxa. Sesamum indicum.
Coriandrum sativurh. Sida rhombifolia-
Curculigo orchioides. Smilax china or chinensis.
Curcuma longa. Stereospermum suaveolens.
Desmodium triflorum. Strychnos nux-vomica (ner-
Eclipta erecta. vine) .
Embelia ribes. Sulphur suhlimatum.
Emblie myrobalam. Symplocos racemosa.
Erythroxylon coca. Tacca aspera.
Eugenia jambolana. Terminalia belerica; T. che-
Ferri sulphas. bula.
Ghee- Tinospora cordifolia; T. crispa.
Glycyrrhiza glabra. Tribulus terrestris.
Gmelina arborea. Trichosarithes dioica.
Gymnema balsamicum, & G. "Triphala."
lactiferum. Uraria lagopoides.
Gynocai'dia odorata. Vanda roxburghii. I
272 THE INDIAN MATERIA 3VIEDICA

Vitis vinifera. UTERINE £TIIVIUL.ANTS:—

Withania somnifera. See:—Stimulants.
(CARDIAC):— VERMICIDES:—See "Anti-
parasitics", & Anthelmentics".
Acacia catechu-
Adhatoda vasica. VERMIFUGES:—See
Aplotaxis auriculata. "Anthelmintics".
Apocynum cannabinum.
Artocarpus lakoocha. VESICANTS: See also:—
Carissa corundas. "Rubefacients", "Irritants", &
Citrus medica. "Counter-irritants".
Coccus lacca.
Digitalis purpurea, & D. VESICANTS:—
lanata,
Hy<irargyrum. Epicauta nipalensis.
MeUigifera indica. Lytta assamensis; L. gigas; L.
Mel depuratuTU. violacea.
Melia azadirachta. Melee trianthema.
Moringa pterygosperma (diu- Moringa pterygosperma- ^
retic) . Mylabris cichorii; M. punctum;
Prunus species. M. pustulata; & other spe-
Pulkica granatum. cies.
Rumex vesicarius. Plumbago, rosea, & P. zeyla-
Spondiac mangifera- nica.
Strophanthus gratus, & S. Salvadora wightiana.
combe. Semecarpus anacardium.
Sulphate of Iron (haematinic). Sinapis juncea.
Tamarindus indica.
Terminalia arjuna. VOLATILE AND FIXED
Urginea scilla. OILS ARE DERIVED
FROM:—
TRIDOSHAHAKAM:— '
Achyranthes aspera.
Emblic myrobalan. Acorus calamus.
Moschus moschiferus. Acquilaria agallocha.
Solanum xanthocarpum. Aleurites moluccana.
Tinospora cordifolia. Allium cepa, A. sativum.
Alee vera.
UTERINE CONTRACTERS:— Alpinia galanga.
See "Ecbolics", or "Oxytocics" Andropogon citratis; A. lani-
etc., ger; A. m.uricatus.
Apium graveolens-
UTERINE SEDATIVES &. Arachis hypogea.
ASTRINGENTS:—See:— Argemone mexicana.
Bassia longifolia.
fSedatives". Blumea balsamifera.
 APPENDICES 273

Brassica alba; B. juncea; & B. Michelia champaca.

s nigra. Myristica fragrans.
,Canarium commune. Nicotiana tabacum-
jCapsicum nepalensis. / Nyctanthes arbortristis.
Carthamus tinctorius. Ocimum sanctum.
Carum copticum; C. carui. Psederia foetida.
Cassia auriculata. Pandanus odoratissimum.
Celastrus paniculata. Papaver somniferum.
Cinnamomum cassia; C. cam- Pimptnella anisum.
phora; & C. zeylanicum. Pinus deodara.
Citrus acida- Piper betle; P. chaba; P. cu-
Cocos nucifera. beba; P. longxim; & P. nig-
^Coriandrum sativum. rum.
jCrocus sativum. Pongamia glabra.
iCroton tiglium. Pseudanum graveolens.
Cuminum cyminum. Psoralea corylifolia.
Curcuma aromaticus; C. longa; Pterocarpus marsupium.
& C. zedoaria. Ptychotis ajowan.
;Cymbopogon citratus; C. fla- Raphanus sativus-
• xuosus; & C. pachnodes. Ricinus communis.
Elettaria cardamomum. Rosa damascena.
fembelia ribes. Rosemarinus officinalis.
ferythroxylon monogynum. Santalum album.
Eucalyptus globulus. Sesamum indicum.
|Eugenia caryophyllata. Sphceranthus indicus.
p^erula foetida. Styrax benzoin.
pFoeniculum vulgare- Terminalia catappa.
;Garcinia morella. Valeriana jatamansi; V. walli-
iGaultheria fragrantissima. chii.
jGuizotia abyssynica. Vitex negundo.
(Helianthus annus, Zingiber officinale.
flibiscus sabdariffa.
pymenodictyon excelsum. VULNERARIES:—
|Jatropha curcas. Bombax malabaricum.
ffuniperus communis; J. oxy- Cocculus cordifolia.
I cedrus.: Glycerrhiza glabra.
fainum usitatissimum. Grislea tomentosa.
Ijquidamber orientalis. Mimosa pudica.
i/Iallotus philippinensis. Myrica sapida.
Melaleuca leucadendron. Stephania hemandifolia.
Melia azadirachta. Symplocos racemosa.
Mentha arvensis. Uraria lagopoides-
PUBLICATIONS REFERRED:—
(1). Guide to Indigenous Drugs (1949) by Dr. J. R- Goyal.
(2) "Halliya Vaidya", (Canarese) (1945), by Vaidya Madh-
vacharya Burli.
18
 274 THE INDIAN MA-TERIA MEDICA

(3) Druary's Pharmacopoeia of India, (old edition).

(4) Pharmocology, Materia Medica & Therapeutics (1949),
by Dr. B. N. Ghosh.
(5) 100 Useful Drugs, (1927), by Dr. A. Lakshmipathi,
(6) Practical Bazaar Medicines, (1920), by Col. G. T.
Bird wood.
(7) Students' Pharmacology & Materia Medica (1933), by
Dr. V. G. Rele.
(8) Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1948), by Dr. M. A.
Kamath.
(9) Catalogue 1950 of the Homoeo-Chemical & Pharmaceu-
tical Works, Ltd., & Laboratory, 22, Gorachand Road..
Entally, Calcutta.
.(10) Domestic Duty (1905), by Manmathanath Dutt.
"v^ll) Forest Trees of Mysore & Coorg (1894), by John
Cameron.
(12) A Treatise on Tropical Theraneutics (1950), by Col.
R. N. Chopra.
(13) A Handbook of Ayurvedic Meteria Medica with prin-
ciples of Pharmacology, & Therapeutics, Vol. I (1950)^
by Dr. H. V- Savnur.
(14) Aphrodisiac Remedies (1925), by Practical Medicine,
Delhi.

APPENDIX II.
Drugs, Preparations and their specific and more important
uses in diseases.

Abelmoschus esculentus, in bronchitic cough, and ini

diseases of the intestinal and genito-urinary organs.
Abies webbiana, in cough and phthisis.
Abrak bhasvia, in combination with other drugs as a'
tonic in chronic diseases, such as diarrhoea, dysentery, fever,
diabetes, anaemia, jaundice, etc.
Abrcyma augusta, in menstrual disorders, and dysme-
norrhoea.
Abrus precatorius, in nervous debility and locally leuco-
derma, alopecia, sciatica, stiff joints, paralysis and obstinate-
cough.
Abutilon indicum, in diseases of the bladder and urethra..
 APPENDICES 275

Acacia arabica, in pulmonary and bronchial diseases,

diarrhoea, piles, prolapse of rectum, gonorrhoea, typhoid
fever, irritability of the genito-urinary organs, and leucor-
rhcea.
Acacia catechu, in diarrhoea, sore throat, mercurial sto-
matitis, and in ulcerations internally and externally.
Acacia concinna, in Asthma.
Acacia Senegal, in bleeding piles and other hsemorrhages.
Acalypha indica, as an emetic.
Acampe pappilosa, in rheumatism, sciatica and neuralgia.
Achillea millefolium, for colds, promoting perspiration,
and fevers.
Achyranthes aspera, in <;ough, asthma, enlarged spleen
in malaria, painful menstruation and toothache, and/ occa-
sionally in renal dropsies.
Acipenser huso, etc., (Fishes) in chronic diarrhoea and
debility.
Acoititum, ferox, in fever, diarrhoea of children, cough,
asthma, diabetes, nervous diseases, spermatorrhoea, and
locally in neuralgia, rheumatism and guinea worms.
Aco-tMitum, heterophyllum, in dyspepsia and chronic
fevers.
Aconitum. napellus, internally in inflammatory fevers
in early stages, and externally in neuralgia, sciatica, mus-
cular rheumatism, and inflammatory joint affections.
Acorus calamus, in gastric and respiratory diseases,
dyspepsia, dysentery, worms, to promote micturition and
labour pains, and in tetany, epilepsy, wounds, ulcers, vomit-
ting, hysteria and spasmodic complaints.
Adansonia digitata, in dysentery, diarrhoea, dyspepsia,
acid eructations and externally painful joints, and syphilitic
ulcers.
Adeps, (Lard), in excoriations, burns and scalds.
Adhatoda vasica, in cough, asthma, bronchitis, pertussis,
tuberculosis of lungs, (respiratory spasmodic diseases) and
ague fever.
Adiantum. capillus veneris, for coughs, hoarseness, and
colds.
Aegle marmelos, in chronic obstinate, mucous and catar-
rhal diarrhoea, dysentery, and scurvy, and early stage of
sprue and consumption, and typhoid, chronic constipation,
and certain forms of dyspepsia.
 276 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Agati grandiflora, in enteric fever.

Agrimonia euphatoria, in coughs, diarrhoea, relaxed
bowels, kidney and liver derangements.
Agropyrum repens, in cystitis, nephritis, and bladder
complaints, generally; also for gout and rheumatism.
Ailanthus excelsa, for debility.
Alangium lamarckii, to produce tempoi-ary fall of blood
pressure, and to increase the tone and peristaltic movement
of the intestine.
Aleurites moluccana, as an aphrodisiac.
Allium cepa, in bronchial complaints, piles, infantile,
epileptic,and hysterical fits. '
Allium sativum., in acid dyspepsia, hiccough, infantile
4convulsions, tetany and nervous affections; oil externally
•^in paralysis.
• Alocacia indica, in anasarca and dropsy.
Aloe barbadensis, in eye affections and internally in piles,
coughs and colds, and as, an external application to inflamed
and painful parts of the body.
Aloe indica or A. litoralis, in internal and external' in-
flammations, constipation, bleeding piles, and dysentery,
hysterical fits, and flatulency.
Aloe vera, in lymphatic glands.
Alpinia officinarum., in dyspepsia, preventing fermenta-
tion and removing flatulence.
Alstonia scholaris and A. constricta, in catarrhal and
malarial fevers and chronic bowel complaints (diarrhoea,
dysentery).
Althcea offiainalis, for coughs, colds, bronchitis, ascites,
anasarca, asthma, gout, dysentery, kidney trouble, inflamma-
tion of lungs, intestines and bladder, and is invaluable for
poultices.
Alumen and its preparations, in hsemoptysis, epistaxis,
menorrhagia, chronic diarrhoea, and dysentery, diarrhoea of
phthisis and cholera, gastro-intestinal, renal, uterine and
genito-urinary catarrah and haemorrhages, vaginitis, leucor-
rhcEa, bleeding piles, strangury, gleet, vomitting, hiccough,
asthma, croup and whooping cough, narcotic poisoning, ser-
pent bite, malaria, concussion of the brain and spinal cord
fractures, painful joints,-lead colic, guinea-worm, enteric
fever, diabetes, albuminuria, and externally in epistaxis,
gums, vagina, rectum, cuts, etc., ulcers, bed-sores, fissures,
 APPENDICES 277

sore-eyes, recent-ecchytnoses, aphthae, thrush, eczema,

sweating feet, etc., prolapsus of the anus, urethral discharge,
scorpion bites, etc.
Avxarantus spinosus as a diuretic.
Ambra grisea, in general and nervous debility, epilepsy,
spasms, high fevers with delirium and collapse.
Ammonium- chloride, in hepatic congestion and dropsy,
(enlarged liver and spleen), colic, tetany, alkalosis, jaundice,
billiousness, laryngeal, bronchial, pulmonary, vesical, gastro-
intestinal, and genito-urinary catarrhs and inflammations,
intermittent fevers, neuralgias, and externally headache,
mania, and apoplexy, chronic rheumatism, inflamed erysipe-
las and hernial tumours, enlarged glands, abcesses, milk
abcesses, chronic skin diseases, bruises, and blows on the
eye, etc-, cataract, scorpion bites etc.
Amovium, suhulatuvi, as a carminative.
Amxirphophallus cam.panulatus, in haemorrhoids and
piles.
Amorphophallus sylvaticus, in piles, dyspepsia, debility,
amenorrhoea, and locally boils and opthalmia.
Anacyclus pyrethrum. in nerve affections, chronic bowel
affections, and seminal debility.
Anamirta cocculus, in pediculi.
Ananas sativus, in gastric irritability and billiousness,
and as an anthelmintic.
Andrographis paniculata, in general debility, convales-
cence, dysentery, diarrhoea, dyspeptic conditions, kalazar,
children's torpidity of liver and constipation.
Ayidropogan citratis, in colds, catarrhs, vomitting and
fevers, flatulent and spasmodic affections of the gastro-
intestinal tract and externally in lumbago, rheumatism and
neuralgia.
Anemone obtusiloba, externally as a blistering agent.
Animal flesh preparations, in convalescence, hysteriia,
paralysis, insanity, cephalalgia, and other nervous diseases,
cough, phthisis, eye and ear diseases, and externally convul-
sions, paralysis and wasting of limbs.
Anisomeles Malabarica, in catarrh, intermittent fevers
and gastro-intestinal affections.
Annona squamosa, in tumours.
 278 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Anthemis nobilis, (See also:—Matricaria chamomilla),

for hysteria and nervousness in women and as a tonic for
debility.
Antiaris toxicaria, in dysentery, and as an arrow-poison,
and by regulated doses for cardiac failure.
Aqua stychetis, in acidity.
Arachis hypogece, is a tonic and is used in piles.
Areca catechu, in worms, diarrhcea, tape-worm., watery
discharges from genito-urinary organs, and bleeding gums.
Argemone mexicana, for herpetic eruptions.
Argyreia speciosa, as tonic in dullness of intellect, ema-
ciation, infirmity of old age, and externally in abscesses-
Aristolochia bracteata, for maggots in the nose, syphilis,
•%: gonorrhoea and skin diseases.
Aristolochia indica, in venemous insect bites and inter-
nally in intermittent fevers and bowel complaints.
Aristolochia serpentaria, very efficacious in feverish
conditions, antispasmodic tonic and nervine.
Arsenic (Bisulphuret of), in fevers, coughs, asthma, and
skin diseases, and locally fistulous sores and other skin dis-
eases, cephalalgia, ozena (ozoena) and coma.
Arsenic (Trisulphuret of), in chronic fevers, skin dis-
eases, incipient phthisis, coughs, asthma, paralysis, epilepsy,
dropsy, and externally warts, corns, leprous ulcers and as a
depilatory.
Arsenious acid, in chronic fevers, liver complaints, lien-
teric diarrhcea, neuralgias, chorea, enlarged lymphatic glands,
obesity, chronic coryza, and externally cancer, lupus, para-
sitic diseases, asthma, cough and impotence.
Artemisia absinthium, good for enfeebled digestion, and
consequent debility, also expels worms in children.
Artemisia maritima, as a stomachic, and in round worms.
Artemisia species, in dysjyepsia, hysteria, epilepsy, ner-
vous irritability, depression and exhaustion, worms as sto-
machic, and externally skin diseases, foul ulcers and as snuff
in headache.
Artem.isia vulgaris, for female irregularities, nervous
and spasmodic affections.
Asparagus species, in boils, general debility, (to increase
manly vigour), leucorrhoea, epilepsy, hysteria, calculus affec-
tions, gastro-intestinal disorders, colic, etc.
 APPENDICES 273

Asphaltum, in genito-urinary diseases, gallstone, arenal

stone, anuria, jaundice, enlarged spleen and liver, fermenta-
tive-dyspepsia, round worms, piles, anasarca, obesity, nervous
diseases, uterine troubles, scrofula, tuberculosis, leprosy,
eczema, elephantiasis, anaemia, anorexia, asthma of gouty
people, phosphaturia (contra-indicated in uric acid calculus),
ascites, uraemia, cholsemia, chyluria, albuminuria, chronic
cystitis, diabetic amaurosis, and locally rheumatic arthritis,
paralysis, contusions, sprains, and bruises.
Astercantha longijolia, in dropsy, rheumatism and uri-
nary affections.
Atropa belladonna, internally, in intestinal obstruction,
heart ailments, spasmodic affections, night-sweats of phthisis,
renal calculus and externally in sciatica, piles, female ail-
ments, and eye com.plaints.
Auruni (prepared), in chronic fevers, consumption, in-
sanity, and other diseases of the nervous system and of the
urinary organs, hysteria, epilepsy, leprosy, asthma, dyspep-
sia, amenorrhoea, sterility, habitual abortion, chronic Bright's
disease, chronic metritis, chronic and obstinate dysentery,
syphilis, scrofula and impotence.
Averrhoea carambola, in scanty micturition.
Azadirachta indica, (extract), in periodic fever, (mala-
ria), and suppuration, for foul ulcers and chronic skin dis-
eases, round and thread worms.
Balsamodendron mukul, in abscesses, and rheumatic,
nervous, scrofulous, urinary and skin diseases-
Balsamodendron myrrh, in dyspepsia, stomatitis, chest
complaints, amenoiThoea, and other atonic uterine affec-
tions, .and externally in thrush, guinea-worm, inflammations
and ulcers.
Balsatnodendron opobalsamum, in genito-urinary dis-
eases and locally indolent ulcers, cuts and bleeding wounds.
Bambusa arundinacea, in thread worms and internally
bronchial (cough and asthma), consumption, fevers, to pro-
mote micturition, spasmodic affections.
Banga hhasma, is a general tonic and alterative used
in diabetes, anaemia, and skin diseases.
Barringtonia acutangula, etc., in small doses in colds,
catarrhs, headaches and ophthalmia and to promote vomit-
ting in children.
Basella species, in catarrhs of the bronchial and genito-
urinary tracts and externally in headaches, and insomnia.
 r280 THE INDIAN MA-TERIA MEDICA

Bassia latifolia, in skin diseases, cephalalgia, and inter-

nally rheumatic affections and general debility.
Bauhinia variegata, in worms, piles, diarrhoea, dysentery,
dyspepsia, flatulence, coughs, scrofulous affections and skin-
diseases.
Beninkasa cerifera, in internal haemorrhages, nervous
a n d spasmodic diseases, vegetable poisons, dyspepsia and
biliousness.
Berberis. aristata, in malarial fevers, with biliousness,
jaundice, blood-pressure, liver and spleen diseases, piles,
and locally leucorrhoea, Delhi^boils, menorrhagia, and eye
affections.
Berberis asiatica, in leishmania, cardiac complaints, and
oriental sores.
'^. Berberis vulgaris, in jaundice and liver complaints, indi-
gestion and constipation.
Betula alba, a bitter iastringent, used for skin diseases
and eczema,—can be used internally or externally.
Bezoar, in abortion, measles, typhoid, piles and skiri
diseases.
Bixa orellana, in dysentery, gonorrhoea, and fevers.
Blumea species, in cough.
Bcerhavia diffusa, in asthrna, anaemia, inflammatory
and dropsical affections, hepatic disorders, rheumatic and
gouty complaints, kala-azar and chronic peritoneal condi-
tions, heart-diseases, and kidney ailments-
Bcerrhaavia repens, in dropsy due either to cirrhosis of
the liver or when associated with kala-azar, and ascites due
to chronic peritoneal conditions.
Bomhax Malabaricum, in diarrhoea, dysentery, menor-
rhagia, gonorrhoea, calculi, renal and bladder inflammation
and ulcerations.
Bombyx mori, in profuse menstrual flow, leucorrhoea,
chronic diarrhoea, eye diseases, and catarrh.
Bonrago officinalis, for fevers and chest trouble.
Boswellia glabra, etc., in rheumatic, scrofulous and
spyhilitic affections, piles, cough, influenza, enlarged "scrotun\
due t« injury, urinary, uterine, and pulmonary diseases.
Boswellia serrata, in bronchitis and chronic laryngitis.
Brassica alba, for hip baths in fevers, cerebral conges-
tions, stimulant, cataplasm and sinapism, and internally in
 APPENDICES 281

nervous complaints, indigestion, flatulence, costivene$s,

colic and dropsy.
Brcissica campestris, used for culinary and .anointing
purpose.
Brassica juncea, in rheumatic and chest affections.
Brassica nigra, as digestive condiment, in gouty, rheu-
matic, inflammatory and febrile cases.
Brunella vulgaris, is used as a stimulant expectorant.
Bryonia epigcea, in diabetes, rheumatic and syphilitic
complaints.
Bryphyllum calcinum or B. pinnatum in boils, wounds,
bruises and bites of insects.
Butea frondosa, and B. monosperma, in diarrhoea, dysen-
tery, dyspepsia, and round and tape worms and externally
in skin diseases (ringworm) swellings and ulcerations-
Butter, in consumption and piles.
Coesalpinia honduc, in malarial fevers, debility, epileptic
fits, hysteria, as antidote against opium, aconite, arsenic, and
copper poisoning; gastric and hepatic disorders, and exter-
nally in inflammations and guinea-worms.
Calcium and its salts, in enlarged spleen, jaundice, uri-
nary troubles, acid dyspepsia, heartburn, infantile diarrhoeas,
scrofula, consumption, menorrhagia, and externally fractures,
and painful swollen- parts, headaches, gouty joints, bites of
rabid dogs, ringworm, Dhobie's itch, etc., warts, small-pox,
burns and scalds, sore and cracked nipples, chancres, scro-
fulous and other ulcers, leucorrhcea, and other vaginal dis-
charges, prurites, ani, and pudendi erysipelas and other
skin affections, and as a depilatory.
Calcium oxide or Calx, to prevent curdling of milk,
heartburn, prosis, vomitting, pruritus valve and cracked nip-
ples, & in gastric acidity.
Calendida officinalis, internally for fevers, to promote
perspiration and to prevent suppuration.
CalophylluTU inophyllum, in genito-urinary diseases.
Calotropis gigantea and C. procera, in constitutional and
syphilitic affections, visceral enlargements, leprosy, asthma,
fevers with enlarged liver and cough, and skin diseases.
Camphora officinarum, in eruptive and other fevers,
spasmodic, chest, respiratory and cerebral affections, worms,
colic, and bed sores.
 282 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Cannabis sativa, in all diseases requiring a stimulant,

exhilarant, aphrodisiac and anodyne action.
Capsella hursa-pastoris, for kidney complaints, dropsy,
and chronic diarrhoea.
Capsicum annum, in' stomach-ache with acidity, and
cholera.
Capsicum, frutescens, in pharyngeal and gastro-intestinal
diseases.
Capsicum minimum, in diarrhoea, constipation & dys-
pepsia.
Cardiospermum helicacabum, in urinary and nervous
diseases, rheumatism, piles, amenorrhoea, and locally ear-
ache, rheumatism, ahd amenorrhcea.
•'^arica papaya, promotes menstruation and is used in
croup, diphtheria, dyspepsia, enlarged spleen and liver, chro-
nic diarrhcEa, anvobic dysentery, and round worms and other
intestinal disorders, and externally elephantoid growths, and
ringworm. ,
Carthamus tinctorius, for female irregularities, fevers
and eruptive skin diseases-
Caryota urens, in seminal weakness, and urinary dis-
' orders and externally in hemicrania.
Carum cariii, or carvi, in flatulence and colic.
CaruTU copticum, (Aqua ptychotis) in acidity, colic, fla-
tulent dyspepsia, and spasmodic affections.
Caryophyllus aromaticiis, in flatulence and indigestion.
Cassia acutifolia, to cleanse alimentary tract.-
Cassia alata, etc., in poisonous insect bites and skin
affections.
Cassia angustifolia, & C. lanceolata, in chronic constipa-
tion.
Cassia fistula, in ague, fever, gastric complaints, as con-
stipation, flatulent colic, epistaxis, piles, scanty micturition,
etc., and externally rheumatic and skin affections.
Cassia occidentalis, in dyspeptic symptoms, and exter-
nally in skin diseases and poisonous bites.
Cassia sophora, in bronchial, spasmodic affections, rheu-
matic and inflammatory fevers, and externally in skin dis-
eases.
Cassia tora, in obstinate skin diseases, as ringworm,
foul ulcers, etc.
 APPENDICES 283

Castoreum, in nervous debility, hysteria, epilepsy,

asthma, muscular tremor, uterine colic and disorders.
Cedrus deodara, in bilious fevers, rheumatism, and ato-
nic inveterate diaiThoea.
Celastrus paniculatus, oil used externally in painfid
joints, hemiplegia, ulcers, skin diseases and piles-
Centella asiatica, (See also:—Hydrocotyle asiatica), in
skin diseases and as a tonic.
Cephalandra indica, in skin diseases and diabetes.
Cera alba, etc., in ulcers, fistula in ano, etc.
Cerhera manghas, (See also:—Cerhera odollum), is pur-
gative, emetic, used for criminal poisoning, and to raise
blood pressure.
Cervus dama, etc., and preparations, in painful affec-
tions of the joints and muscles, cardialgia, pleurisy, pleuro-
dynia and other heart affections, cough, asthma, low fevers,
seminal debility, dysentei-y; and locally sprains, contusions,
cracks, and fissures, chronic skin diseases, orchitis and other
enlarged glands.
Cetaceum, in alvine and urinar;/ irritations and locally
blistered and excoriated surfaces and ulcers.
Chenopodium ambrosioides, in ascaris and ankylosto-
mum.
Chondrus crispus, in chest and bronchial affections, in
irritating diseases of bladder and kidneys.
Cichorium intyhus, in liver and spleen disorders.
Ciraisifuga, racemosa, for rheumatism, female com-
plaints, and glandular swellings, in children for diarrhoea,
whooping cough and St. Vitus dance.
Cinchona cortex, in intermittent fevers, spleen enlarge-
ments, and as general gastric tonic during convalescence,
etc'
Cinchona succiruhra, a powerful tonic, extensively used
in neuralgia, dyspepsia, and debility. Overdoses sometimes
cause headache and giddiness.
Cinnamomum carruphora, in lumbago, sciatica, chordee,
spermatorrhoea, pruritus, asthma, delirium, insomnia, diar-
rhoea, ptomaine poisoning, prickly heat, sloughing ulcer and
eczema of genitals.
Cinnamomum. cassia, etc., as gastro-intestinal and ute-
rine stimulant, and in influenza, and locally in rheumatic
pains, headache, and toothache.
 284 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Cinnamomuvi iners, etc., in fevers, flatulence, dyspep-

sia, and coughs.
Cinnamomum Malabaricum, in diarrhoea, dysentery, and
coughs.
CinnamoTnum zeylanicuin, in flatulence, dyspepsia, diar-
rhoea, dysentery and fevers, and to stop nausea and vomit-
ing.
Cessempelos Pereira, in dyspepsia, diarrhoea, mucous
discharges from the intestines and bladder, nephrites and
externally snake-bites, & scorpion stings.
Citrullus colocynthis, in hepatic, abdominal, visceral
(dropsy dysentery, etc.,) and cerebral congestions, neuralgic
affections, as a drastic purgative in constipation, fever and
worms.
'tj Citrus acida, in scurvy, as gargle for spongy gums, anti-
dote to castor-oil and croton-oil poisoning, and locally for
mosquito bites.
Citrus aurantium, in bilious and gastric disorders,
scurvy, rickets, eczema, etc., and externally, in gout and
rheumatism.
Citrus hergaviia, in cholera, scurvy, scorbutic affections,
internal haemorrhages, theumatic, dyspeptic and diabetic
complaints, and externally in cutaneous irritations.
Citrus medica, in bilious fevers, dyspepsia and inflam-
matory affections.
Cleistanthus collinus, for foul ulcers.
Cleome viscosa, in worms, foul ulcers, maggots in the
nose, otorrhoea, and internally in infantile convulsions.
Clerodendron species, in fevers, scrofulous and venereal
diseases, worms, bronchial and pulmonary affections.
Clitoria tematia, in croup, visceral enlargements, cystic
and urethral irritations-
Cocculus cordijolius, in fevers, gastric disorders, general
and seminal debility, liver and splenic enlargements, urinary
diseases, rheumatic and sj'philitic affections.
Cocculus indicus, as an ointment in obstinate skin
diseases.
Cocculus suberosus, etc., in epileptic and paralytic
affections, night sweats of phthisis and externally in parasi-
tic skin diseases.
Cocculus villosus, in gonorrhoea, rheumatic and syphili-
tic cachexia, bilious dyspepsia and skin diseases.
 APPENDICES 285

Coccus cacti, in whooping cough, neuralgia, etc.

Coccus lacca preparations, in chronic fever, remittent
fever, consumption, cough and dyspnoea, muscular rheumat-
ism, epilepsy, hysteria, indolent, scrofulous and scorbutic
ulcers.
Cocas nucifera, is good in haemoptysis, chronic bronchi-
tis, distention due to dyspepsia and promotes expulsion of
worms, cocoanut ghee is good in hemiplegia, burnt shell
ashes mixed in oil are useful in leucoderma, shell oil is use-
ful in skin diseases, Ghee of cocoanut is almost equal to
Cod-liver oil.
Coifea Arabica, in spasmodic and hysterical affections,
chronic diarrhoea, cind cholera infantum.
Cola acuminata & C. vera, good tonic for nerves, and
safe and good for muscular weakness of heart.
Commiphora myrrha, decoction for sore and ulcerated
throats, thrush, etc., as gargle and mouth-wash.
Copper sulphate, in granular lids, exuberant ulcers, con-
junctivitis, gleet, lleucorrhoea, chronic diarrhoea, diiptheria,
bronchitis, prickly heat, and opium poisoning.
Coptis teeta, as an application to sores, especially in the
eyes.
Corallium rubrum & its preparations, in boils, broncho-
pulmonary affections, low fever, genito-urinary diseases,
scrofulous affections, carbuncle, nervous troubles, dyspepsia,
biliousness, diabetes, impotence and general debility.
Corallocarpus epigeous, is an alterative in syphihs.
Corchorus capsularis, etc-, in gastric catarrh, hepatic and
intestinal colic, worms, genito-urinary diseases, visceral ob-
structions.
Coriandrum sativuTn, in • flatulent colic, dyspepsia, bleed-
ing piles, mucous diarrhoea, rheumatism, neuralgia, cepha-
lalgia, and locally in eye affections.
Cratceva nurvala, in calculus, syphilis, renal and urinary
complaints, scrofulous, grandular and internal inflammation,
and locally ozoena and flatulence.
Crocus sativus, in headache, spasmodic coughs and
catarrhs, and gastro-intestinal and uterine disorders, semi-
nal debility, neuralgias, rheumatism and locally bruises and
sores.
Croton tigliutn, in di'opsy, lead poisoning, cerebral
haemori-hage or convulsions and congestions, apoplexy, intes-
tinal obstructions, and externally gout, rheumatism, arthri-
 286 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

tis, lock jaw, mania, chronic laryngitis, bronchitis and to

increase manly vigour.
Cuheba officinalis, in laryngeal, bronchial, leucorrhoea,
genito-urinary, gonorrhoaa, gleet, and cystitis and renal
diseases.
CucuTYiis species, in inflammatory fevers, urinary irrita-
tion, and suppression and calculus affections.
Cucurbita species, in pulmonary haemorrhages, and
tape-worm.
Cuminurn cyminum, in chronic diarrhcea, dyspepsia,
hiccough, worms, gonorrhoea and urinary complaints.
Cupri sulphas, locally in exhuberant granulation, indo-
lent ulcers, tinea-tersi, ringworm, and pseudo-membranous
croup.
.^, Cuprum and its salts, in chronic diarrhoea, and bacte-
*rial infections, sprue, typhoid fever, Tabes-mesenterica,
bronchitis, asthma, and externally foul ulcers, sinuses, fistu-
las, ringworm, conjectivitis and ophthalmia, epistaxis, exces-
sive and obstinate haemorrhages, leucorrhoea, burns from
phosphorus and prickly heat.
Curculigo orchioides, in gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, men-
strual derangements, asthma, jaundice, diarrhoea, colic, semi-
nal weakness, and delibility of old age.
Curcuma amada, in skin diseases, enlarged glands, spleen
and liver.
Curcuma angustifolia, in gastro-intestinal inflammation,
and ulceration, and urethral irritation.
Curcuma aromatica, in sprains, bruises and skin dis-
eases.
Curcuma longa, in worms, jaundice, inflammations,
wounds, bruises, insect bites, sore eyes, skin diseases, piles,
sprains and bruises, and internally gastric disorders, (flatu-
lence & dyspepsia).
Curcuma zedoaria, in malarial fevers, vomiting, hiccough,
w^orms, flatulence, dyspepsia, pharyngeal and laryngeal
inflammations, and discharges from genital organs, and local-
ly skin affections.
Cymbopogon citratus & C flexuosus, in lumbago, myalgia,
chronic rheumatism, etc.
Cynodon dactylon, in vesical calculi, urinary irritation,
dropsies, internal haemorrhages, catarrh, ophthalmics, want
of vitality.
 APPENDICES 2S7

Cyperus species, in remittent and chronic fevers, gastric

derangements, diarrhoea, worms, and locally scorpion stings,
and ulcers.
Cyprcea moneta, in dyspepsia, jaundice, enlarged spleen
and liver, asthma and cough, scalding in gonorrhoea, colic and
other intestinal pains.
Dalbergia spinosa, roots-powder in a tumblerful of water,
destroys effects of alcohol bordering on delirium tremens.
Datura alba, & D. jastuosa, etc., in asthma, spasmodic
lung-complaints, hydrophobia, dysmenorrhcea, maniacal
affections, rheumatic pains, and locally painful and glandular
inflammations, lumbago, pleurodynia, and abscesses.
Datura, stramonium, internally in bronchitis and asthma.
Daucus carota, for dropsy, retention and irregularities
of urine, gravel and other bladder affections.
Desmodiuin species, in malarial fever.
Digitalis purpurea, in diseases of the heart.
Diosypros species, in internal inflammations and haemor-
rhages, and externally boils and tumours.
Dipterocarpus turbinatus, in bronchial and genito-
urinary diseases, (gonorrhoea, gleet), leprosy and other skin
diseases.
Dolichos species, in diarrhoea, leucorrhcea, haemorrha-
ges from internal organs, coughs, and calculus affections-
Draksharishta, in constipation and consumption.
Dryopteris felix, for expulsion of tape worms.
Echinops echinatus, in impotence, dyspepsia, hysteria,
syphilis and scrofula.
Eclipta erecta, in hepatic disorders, asthma, hiccough,
• splenic enlargements, cephalalgia, elephantiasis, poisonous
wounds, and internally uterine hsemorrhages.
Eleplias indicas, etc., in jaundice and sterility of women
and externally leucorrhcea and conjunctivitis.
Elettaria cardamomum, in stomach complaints, bilious-
ness and vomiting.
Emhelia ribes, etc., in intestinal worms, tape-worms, gas-
tric disorders, piles and locally toothache, headache, indolent
ulcers, and other skin diseases and in lung inflammation.
Emblica officinalis, in worms, acidity, inflammations of
the lungs, and eyes, ulcerations, gastro-intestinal disorders,
 288 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

and discharges, painful micturition, and internal hsemorrha-

Entada purscetha, (See also: —E. scandens), used as an

emetic and in uterine disorders, and i as poison to fish.
Ephedra pachuclada, (See:—Ephedra vulgaris), is an
excellent cardiac stimulant and relieves asthma.
Erigeron canadainsis or canadense, in kidney diseases,
diarrhcea, gravel, and as tonic.
Eriodendron aneractuosum, in gonorrhoea, dysentery,
haemorrhoids, menorrhagia, impotence and diabetes.
Erythrina indica, in intestinal worms, dysentery, dys-
menorrhcea, strangury, spyhilis, and locally in opthalmia,
toothache, rheumatism, etc.
« Erythroxylon coca, in general debility, catarrh, cold,
•^^ asthma, etc., and as local anaesthetic.
Eualyptus 'globulus, in respiratory affections, diphtheria,
fevers, purulent catarrhal affections of the bladder, urethra
and vagina, chronic bowel complaints, and locally wounds,
foetid ulcers, chronic skin diseases, and spongy bleeding gums.
Eugenia caryophyllata, in flatulency and indigestion.
Eugenia jamholana, in leucorrhcea, cholera, enlarged
spleen, colic, acne, diabetes, chronic diarrhcea and dysentery.
.Eupatorium ayapana, in ague, gastro-intestinal deran-
gement, hsematuria, haemoptysis, and locally to bleeding piles,
ulcers, and venomous bites.
Eupatorium perfoliatuTn, for fever,' catarrh, asthma,
etc.
Euphorbia species, (Euphorbia antiquorum in rheumat-
ism; E. neriifolia, in warts and earache), in dropsy, palsy,
syphilis, leprosy, enlarged liver and spleen, spasmodic respi-
ratory complaints, and externally to neuralgias, glandular
swellings, painful joints, rheumatism, whitlows, warts, ear-
ache, scrofulous and other inveterate ulcers, venomous bites,
and syphilitic nodes.
Euphorbia pilulifera, in bowel & lung complaints of
children, asthma, dysentery, gonorrhoea, spasmodic dyspnoea
and coryza.
Euphrasia officinalis, useful for weak eyes, ophthalmia,
etc.
Fagonia Arabia, etc., in sore mouth, stomatitis, renal
colic, gravel, inflammations, intense scratching and skin
irritability.
 APPENDICES 289

Fel Bovis Purificatum, in measles, small-pox, heat in

the body, whooping cough, diarrhoea, and other intestinal dis-
orders, hysteria, convulsions, spasmodic diseases, jaundice,
deficient secretion of bile, abortion and externally skin dis-
eases.
Feronia elephantum, in diarrhoea, dysentery, biliousness,
dyspepsia, scurvy, affections of the gums and throat.
Ferrum and its salts, in diabetes, anaemia, chlorosis,
dropsy, haemorrhagic diseases, leucorrhcea, chronic dyspep-
sia, scrofula, tuberculosis, intestinal worms, and blood
parasites, erysipelas, carbuncles, farunculosis, enlarged
spleen and liver, diabetes, and other urinary diseases, ascites,
anasarca, uterine troubles, chronic bowel complaints, general
and sexual debility, neuralgia, rheumatism, and externally
foul syphilitic ulcers, and vdrious skin diseases, fistulae,
bleeding piles, ozoena, rectal prolapsus, and eye diseases,
alopecia, and grey hairs.
Ferrum preparations, in anaemia, debility, bleeding
piles, and prolapse of anus, and as laxative tonics.
Ferula asafoetida, etc., in dyspepsia, flatulence, diarrhoea,
cholera, diabetes, colic, convulsions of weak children, ner-
vousness, hysteria, spasmodic and obstinate coughs, worms,
liver torpidity, uterine affections, habitual abortions, nervous
paralytic and rheumatic complaints.
Ficus Bengalensis, etc., in diabetes, haemoptysis, gonor-
fhoea, spermatorrhoea, dysentery, diarrhoea, and locally
toothache, bruises, cracks, and rheumatic pains.
Ficus Benjamina, in cough, indigestion, dropsy and in-
somnia.
Ficus carica, in constipation, renal and vesical calculi,
vesceral obstructions, piles, gout, and externally ulcers, gum
hoils, cracks in the mouth, etc.
Ficus glomerata, in dysentery, menorrhagia, consump-
tion, diabetes, bilious affections, and locally aphthae, ulcers
even leprous, scrofulous, and cancerous.
Ficus indica, in cholera.
Ficus religiosa, in gonorrhoea, leucorrhcea, skin diseases,
•cracked feet, and anal fistula, aphthous sores, and internally
dysentery and as nutricious cooling drink in heat of body.
Fceniculam vulgare, in headaches, flatulence, colic,
diarrhoea, dysentery of children, indigestions, painful mic-
turition, suppression in menses, and general heat of the body,
jaundice, haemoptysis and epistaxis.
19
 290 THE INDIAN MATKBIA MEDICA

Fraxinus excelsior, is laxative and purgativCj in inter-

mittent fevers, ague, etc., and in gout and rheumatoid arthritis.
Fraxinus ornus, is a laxatiy^;' also a strengthening food;
very useful for sick children.
Fucus vesiculosxis, is most effective for obesity, and used
for kidney, trouble. .
FuTuaria officinalis, for stomach,, liver derangements, and
skin affections.
Galium aparine is excellent for gravel and other urinary
disorders; also a tonic.
Gallus bankiva var domesticus, in invalid and anaemic
conditions, convalescence, emaciation, general debility, and
, locally buboes, boils, cancer, etc.
it" Garcinia mangostana, in chronic diarrhoea and dysentery,
leucorrhcea gonorrhoea, gleet, and locally tonsiljtis, prolapsus,
ani and vaginee.
Garcinia jyictoria, etc., in hepatic obstructions, gouty
arthritis, apoplexy and cerebral congestion and locally sprains,
bruises and swollen hands and feet.
Garcinia purpurea, in, dysentery, mucous diarrhoea,
pulmonary phthisis and scorbutic diseases, and locally burns
and scalds, fissures and ulcerations.
Gardenia gummifera, in toothache, worms, malarial fevers,
skin diseases, colic, foul sores, and maggots in the nose.
Gasterpoda and its preparations, in dysentery, gonorrhoea,
colic, dyspepsia, jaundice, tympanites, flatulence, catarrh,
cough, asthma, discharges from ears, nose, etc.
Gaultheria fragantissima, in rheumatism, fibrostis,
lumbago, and sciatica.
Gendarussa vulgar^, in fevers coughs and colic of child-
ren, chronic indigestion and dysentery, and locally glandular
swellings and rheumatic joints.
Gentiana kurroo, in general debility, convalescence after
fevers, dyspepsia, gout, torpid liver, spleen enlargement,
anaemia, and worms.
Geum urbanum, is an excellent restorative in weakness,
debility, etc.
Ghee, in cancer.
Glycyrrhiza glabra, in sore throats, colds, hoarseness,
catarrhs, c o u ^ s , bronchial affections, bilious fevers, in-
fluenza, leucorrha^a, and other uterine complaints-
 APPENDICES 231

Gmelia arhorea, in fevers, indigestion, waterbrash,

anasarca, and locally headache.
Gossypium indicum, in dysentery, piles, strangury, gravel,
uterine disorders, and as antidote to datura poisoning and
externally to sores, boils, wounds ahd gouty joints.
Gratiola monniera, (see also:—Herpestls monniera,) as a
nervine tonic in insanity and epilepsy.
Gymneina sylvestre, in snake bites, swollen glands, and
visceral enlargements, and internally in cough, diabetes and
fever.
Gynandropsis pentaphylla, in sprains, round worms, con-^
vulsive affectioris and locally otitis, otalgia, boils and other
external inflammations.
Gynocardia odorota, in leprosy, scrofula, and other skin
diseases, chronic rheumatism, gout and secondary syphilis.
Helicteres isora, in intestinal complaints, (colic, flatulence,
diarrhoea, and dysentery), diabetes aftd locally in otorrhcea.
Heliotropium indicum, in boils and scorpion stings.
Hellehoms niger, in chronic fever, apoplexy, dropsj^,
mania, hiccough, jaundice, melancholia, and worms.
Hemidermus indicus, in chronic cough, syphilitic cachexia,
leucorrhoea, gravel, strangury, dyspeptic and nutritional dis-
orders, genito-urinary diseases, chronic rheumatism and
impurity of the blood, debility and skin affections.
Herinodaciylus gOl, in intermittent fever, bronchial
catarrh, and congestion, hysteria, dysentery, chronic gout,
torpid liver, dropsy and enlarged spleen.
Hervestis monniera, in insanity, hysteria, epilepsy, and
bilious disorders, anurea and obstinate costiveness, remittent
fever.
Hibiscus species, in feyers, hysteria, gonorrhoea, urethritis,
catarrhs of the bladder and air passages, seminal weakness, and
externally bruises, sprains, insect bites, inflamed joints, and
skin diseases.
Hiriido medicinalis, in acute inflammation of the glands
and of the serous membranes and of the skin or bones, (but
not in the affections of the scrotum or eye-lids), obstinate
vomiting, violent headache, severe pains in the chest or the
abdomen, menstrual deficiency, acute dysentery and conges-
tion of the liver.
Holarrhena antidysenterica in amoebic dysentery and
diarrhoea, piles, intestinal worms chronic chest affections,,
dyspepsia and eJfternally rheumatism and toothache.
 292 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Hordeum vulgare etc., as a diluent drink in fevers, nutri-

tious food for infants and a demulcent in the irritation of the
bladder kidney, urethra, etc.
Humulus lu-pulus, is a valuable tonic for stomach and
nerves; also for indigestion and worms.
Hydnocarpus species, in leprosy, phtjiisis, abscesses,
sore-eyes, and wounds, scrofulous nodes, skin diseases,
syphilitic or otherwise, gonorrhoea, vaginal foetid discharges,
internally as well as externally.
HydrargyHim and its preparations, in fevers, diarrhoea,
dysentery, anasarca, dyspepsia, hyperacidity, chronic gastritis,
worms, jaundice, dropsy, liver diseases, bronchial affections,
nervous diseases, diseases of the female and urinary organs,
mental and physical debility, uric acid diathesis, gravel,
syphilis, gonorrhoea, paralytic troubles, rheumatism, and
externally syphilitic eruptions, skin diseases, inflamation of
lymphatic glands, buboes, etc., tonsilitis, boils and ophthalmia.
Hydrastis canadensis, an excellent tonic and a splendid
specific for liver and digestive complaints.
Hydrocotyle asiatica, in leprous, scrofulous, syphilitic and
other skin affections, tetanus, tetanic convulsions, epilepsy,
chronic rheumatism, elephantiasis, dysenteric and other
bowel complaints, various sorts of fevers, including remittent;
insanity, and hypochondriasis, and as a nervine tonic.
Hygrophila spinosa, etc., in rheumatism, gravel, gonorrhoea
leucorrhoea, and other genito-urinary diseases, dropsy,
hepatic obstructions, impotence, and diarrhoea.
Hyoscyamus niger, etc., in mental and nervous irritabili-
ties, spasmodic and irritable affections of the lungs, bowels and
genito-urinary organs, (cystitis, prostatis, calculus,) gouty and
other inflammatory swellings.
Hypericum perjoraium, in coughs, colds, bronchitis, and
lung diseases.
Hyssopus officinalis, for coughs, colds and lung complaints.
Ichnocarpus frutescens, in chronic skin diseases, syphilis,
elephantiasis, and loss of sensation.
Indigojera species, in elephantiasis, leprosy, cancer,
secondary syphilis, calculus affections, nervous affections,
enlarged liver and spleen, kidney complaints and locally in
aphthee, various skin affections, haemorrhoids, wounds, ulcers,
venomous bites, burns and scalds.
Ipomcea species, to promote the growth of the foetus in
utero, and in spleen and liver enlargements, gout, rheumatism,
 APPENDICES 293

gonorrhoea, and dropsies, colic, constipation and torpidity oi

Dowels, emaciation and general debility, feverish attack,
neuralgia, headache, naelancholia, cutaneous diseases, para-
lysis, and locally ulcers, rat, scorpion and snake bites.
Iris jlorentina, used in tooth pastes, powders, etc., for
fragrance.
Iris germanica, in skin diseases.
Iris pseudocorus, in scanty urine and anuria.
Ixora coccinea, etc., in diarrhoea, dysentery, gonorrhoea,
leucorrhoea, and locally ulcers, boils, headaches, and sore
throats.
Jasminum species, in insanity, hysteria, amenorrhoea,
bronchial obstructions and externally in obstinate skin diseases,
headaches, ear and nose diseases, ulcers in the mouth, mam-
mary abscesses and eye complaints.
' Jateorhiza calumha, in dyspepsia, weakness of stomach,
etc.
Jatropha species in enlargement of spleen and liver,
glandular swellings, constipation and flatulence, and externally
boils, itches, herpes, eczema, and abscesses, haemorrhages,
sp>ongy gums, obstinate skin diseases, rheumatic joints, sinuses
and paralysis.
Jonesia asoka, (See:—Saraca indica), in female diseases.
Juniperus covimunis, in scanty urine, chronic Bright's
disease, hepatic dropsy, pectoral affections, chronic gonorrhoea,
and leucorrhoea, and locally rheumatic swellings, and certain
skin affections.
Justica adhatoda, See:—Adhatoda vasica.
Kaolinum, in cholera, 'dysentery, diarrhoea, , gastritis,
gastric and duodenal ulcer and hyperacidity, and locally
diphtheria, burns, vaginal and uterine discharges, neurosis
of the heart, hysteria, gonorrhoea! epit^idymitis and dandruff.
Kumyss, in diabetes, irritability of the stomach and
obstinate vomiting.
Lacerta agilis preparation, in general debility and
impotence.
Lactus and its preparations, in gastric catarrh, ulcers and
cancer, gastrorrhagia, dyspnoea, hectic cough, chronic
diarrhoea, and other intestinal disorders, flatulence, jpiles,
worms, albuminuria and urinary complaints, anorexia, ascites,
and anasarca, splenitis, stomatitis, acid stomach, heart-bum,
appendicitis, jaundice, insomnia, -poisoning by corrosive
sublimates, copper sulphate and corrosive acids, enteric and
 294 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

other low fevers, eye-diseases, and' externallj^ syphilis,

acute iritis, hereditary eczema, colic, sores, b u m s , blistered
surfaces, wasting diseases, irritability of the skin, coryza,
nervous diseases, rheumatic affections of joints, eye-affections,
burning of the body, hands and feet, and chest pains.
Lauha, or Loha, or Mandura bhasma, in nervous anaemia,
diarrhoea, and dyspepsia, and as a blood purifier-
Lawsonia alha, etc., in headache, diarrhoea, dysentei-y,
jaundice, hepatitis, splenitis, calculus affections, menorrhagia,
vaginal discharges, leprosy and other depraved conditions of
the body and locally bruises, sprains, inflammations, burns,
gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea and small-pox.
Lens esculanta; in debility, mal-nutrition, and externally
small-pox and other foul ulcers.
Lepidiuvt satiivum, in constitutional diseases like scrofula,
syphilis, rheumatism, diarrhoea, dysentery, hiccough, and skin
diseases, chronic enlargement of the spleen, etc., seminal debi-
lity, leucorrhoea, scurvy and externally in skin diseases,
sprains, bruises, dislocation and rheumatic pains.
Linum iisitatissimum, in bronchial affections, irritation of
the genital and urinary organs, spasmodic affections of the
bowelsj piles, and externally as poultice in ulcei'ated and
inflamed surfaces, deep-seated inflammations, b u m s and
scalds.
Lobelia nicotianifolia, in asthma and bronchial aft'ections.
Liiffa species, in ascites, enlarged spleen, infantile cir-
rhosis of the liver, piles, jaundice, worms, colic, dysentery,
dropsj', and externally in headache, jaundice, carbuncles, and
other foul ulcers, splenitis, haemorrhoids and leprosy.
Makaradhwaja in indigestion, fever, nervous debility, and
as an intestinal antiseptic.
Mallotus Philippine nsis, in tape-worm and ringworm.
Malva sylvestris, in coughs and colds.
Mangifera indica, etc., in throat diseases, diarrhoea,
chronic dysentery, bleeding piles, round-worms, leucorrhoea,
menorrhagia, acute gonorrhoea, scUrvy, hasmatemesis, aphonia,
diabetes, and externally in parasitic skin diseases, bruises,
and cracks in the feet, etc.
Marriibium vulgare, for colds, coughs and as a tonic.
Matricaria cfiamomilla—See:—Anthemis nobilis.
Mel and its preparations, in bronchial affections, chronic
colds, pneumonia, heart-weakness, rickets, marasmus, scurvy,
infirmity of old age, menorrhagia, piles, diabetes and locally
 APPENDICES 295

J'aphthae, thrush, sore nipples, headache, colic, bruises, sprains,

Iburns, scalds, ulcers, inflamed glands-
Melanleuca leucadendron, in flatulence, colic, diarrhoea,
hysteria, hiccup, dyspnoea, dysmenorrhcea, neuralgia, rheuma-
tism, and low fevers, and externally rheumatic, muscular and
neuralgic pains, earaches, and skin affections.
Melia aza,dirachta, in intermittent fevers, (periodic—
ague, malaria) convalescence, atonic dyspepsia, rheumatic
complaints, syphilis, intestinal worms, piles, urinary diseases,
uterine flux, jaundice, catarrhal affections, and chronic skin
diseases, (leprosy) and externally in cases of small-pox,
rheumatism, foul and indolent ulcers, parasitic skin affections,
(erysipelas) scrofulous and glandular swellings, bruises, and
sprains.
Melia azadirach, 'in leprosy, scrofula, intestinal worms,
splenic enlargement, and locally nervous headaches and
eruptive skin diseases.
Mentha arvensis in diarrhoea and dyspepsia.
Mentha piperita, etc., in colic, vomiting, flatulence, and
other gastric disturbances, dysmenorrhcea, hiccup, palpitation
of the heart, as cordial for infanfSj'Snd locally diphtheria, tooth-
ache, neuralgic and rheumatic pairis.
Mentha viridis, as a stimulant to allay sickness and t o '
relieve flatulency.
Menyanthes trifoUata, is a good tonic, useful for liver
trouble, scurvy and other skin diseases.
Mesua jerrea, etc., in bleeding piles, dyspepsia, dysentery,
and locally severe colds and skin affections.
Mica and its preparations, in ansemia, chlorosis, jaundice,
biliousness, chronic diarrhoea, dyspepsia, dysentery, nervous
debility, impotence, chronic fever, hectic fever, phthisis,
enlarged spleen, urinary diseases, anasarca, scurvy, cachectic
conditions, asthma, intestinal worms, chronic bronchitis, colic,
gonorrhoea, spermatorrhoea, rheumatism, piles, heart-diseases,
paralysis, leprosy, diabetes, and eye-diseases.
Michelia champaca, etc., in flatulence, dyspepsia!, .chronic
gastritis, colic, gonorrhoea, and renal diseases, and locally
abscesses, gout, rheumatism, cephalalgia, and foetid discharges
from the nostrils.
Mimosa species, in calculus complaints, piles and fistula,
diseases arising from corrupt blood and bile, and externally
fistulous sores, hydrocele and glandular swellings, eye-in-
flarnmations, white leprosy, skin eruptions, boils and burns.
296 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Mimusops elangi, hexandh-a, etc., to increase fertility inl

women, in painful micturition, stone in the bladder, and inl
fevers, as nutritive tonic, and externally wounds and ulcers,!
headache, obstinate constipation, loose teeth, spongy gums,]
salivation, mucous discharge from the nose, bladder andl
urethra.
Momordica species, in bilious affections, piles, jaundice,
worms, leprosy, dysmenorrhoea, and externally intractable
ulcers, and other skin affections; burning in the feet, night;
blindness, liver complaints of children; headache and inflam-
mation caused by contact with the urine of the house-lizard- .^
Moringa oleijera, in intermittent fever, epilepsy, chronic *
rheumatism, dropsy and dyspepsia.
Moringa pterygosperma, etc., in ascites, gout, -calculi,
rheumatism, enlarged liver or spleen dropsy, intermittent
fevers, influenzal coughs, spasmodic affections of the throat,
bronchi and the bowels epileptic and hysterical fits, and.
externally in fainting fits, comatose conditions, glandular
swellings, headache, earache, toothache, bites of rabid animals,
inflamed parts to relieve spasms and to expedite delivery.
Moschus Moschiferus and its preparations, in hoarseness, J
chronic cough, typhoid conditions, low and adynamic fevers, 1
delirium tremens, coma, meningitis, brain affections, tetanus, l
epilepsy, hysteria, colic, spasmodic affections, palpitation of the '
heart, colliquative sweats, mental and bodily fatigue, insomnia, '
metastic govit, lung affections, dyspepsia and to increase manly
vigour.
Mucuna pruriens, etc., in dropsy, dyspepsia, worms, colic,
leucorrhoea, spermatorrhoea, impotence, nervous diseases and
externally for' elephantiasis and scorpion stings.
Musa sapientum, etc., in sprue, catarrhal and inflammatory
diarrhoea, dysentery, dropsy, piles, scanty micturition, scurvy,
acidity, heartburn, gastritis, flatulence, gonorrhoea, intoxica-
tion of drunkards, dysnienorrhosa, menorrhagia, strumous
affections and externally haemorrhages, and as eye-shade in
eye-diseases.
Syrup hanana, in bronchitis.
Musscenda frondosa, in collapse, fainting, and enlarged
glands, ulcers, etc.
Myrica sapida, etc., in throat and lung affections, phthisi-
cal diarrhoea, chronic gonorrhoea, and gleet and externally
scrofulous and aphthous ulcers, earache, nasal catarrh, and
headache, toothache, and piles.
 APPENDICES 297

Myristica jragrans, etc., in summer diarrhoea, cholera,

humeral asthma, colic, neuralgia, spasmodic cough, obstruc-
tions of the liver and spleen and externally chronic rheuma-
tism, sprains, paralysis and painful cramps in cholera.
Myristica malabarica, in nervous diseases and externally
chronic rheumatism, earache and indolent ulcers.
Myrtus caryophyllus, in dyspepsia, indigestiTon, asthma,
mucous diarrhoea, debility and externally rheumatic pains,
headaches, toothaches and corj^za.
Myrtus communis, in affections of the respiratory organs
and the bladder, diarrhoea, dysentery and externally rheu-
matic affections, haemorrhages, fcEtid ulcerations, deep sinuses,
skin diseases, leucorrhoea, prolapsus of the uterus, woimds
and baldness.
Mytilus vutrgaritiferus and preparations, in impotency,
cough, phthisis, astlima, heart-burn, ardor urinae, nervous
diseases, chronic headache, epilepsy and other convulsive
attacks, piles, gonorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhoea, spermatorrhoea,
heart disease, dyspepsia, jaundice, biliousness, diabetes,
general debiUty, urinary diseases, and to prevent abortion-
Nardostachys jatamansi, in typhoid symptoms, epilepsy,
hysteria, and other nervous, convulsive ailments, palpitation
of the heart, gastric disorders, general and seminal debility.
Nelumbium speciosum, in coughs, heart diseases, phthisis,
diarrhoea, menorrhagia, chronic fevers, bleeding piles and other
haemorrhagic affections, externally leprosy and other skin
affections, cephalalgia, and to cool the head and eyes.
Nerium odo^-um, etc., in menstrual and renal complaints,
and externally haemorrhoids, cancers, ulcerations, .and other
skin complaints, snake and other venomous bites, and in '
ophthalmia.
Nicotiana tahacum, etc., for external use in rheumatic
affections, spasmodic coughs, nervous irritability, chronic
giddiness, and fainting, colic and gripes, and to the spine in
tetanus.
Nigella sativa, etc., in intermittent fevers, diarrhoea, loss
of appetite, worms, dropsy, puerperal and uterine diseases,
locally in aphonia, skin diseases, swellings in hands and feet,
and to preserve clothes from the ravages of insects.
Nyctanthes arhortristis, in chronic bilious, malarial and
intermittent fevers, colds, rheumatism, sciatica, and externally
to cure scurvy and affections of the scalp, etc.
Nymph(Tea species, in heat of the body, diabetes, piles,
dyspepsia, diarrhoea, internal haemorrhages, and externally in
 298 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

ophthalmia, and as lotion for bad legs and ulcers, and in putrid
sore-throat as a gargle.
Ochrocarpus longifolius, in dysentery, irritability of the
stomach, excessive sweating and externally toothache.
Ocimitm- species, in colds, catarrhal fevers, respiratory
affections (asthma), dysentery, gastric, genito-urinary and
renal diseases, hepatic affections and externally earache,
rheumatism, nasal myosis, ozcena, swollen hands or feet and
skin diseases.
Oldenlandia herhacea, in malarial fevers.
OnosTTia echioides, for cutaneous eruptions, as cardiac
tonic in rheurnatism and diseases of the heart.
Ophelia chirata, (See; —Swertia chirata), in fevers and
liver ailments.
Ophiorrhiza mungos, in bites of snakes and mad dogs.
Orchis viascula, in phthisis, diabetes, chronic diarrhoea,
and dysentery, impotency, hemiplegia, paralytic affections.
Origanum vidgare, tor female complaints, colds, fevers
and to promote perspiration.
Oryza sativd, in irritable and inflammatory state of the
stomach, bov/els or kidneys, dyspepsia, gastric and duodenal'
ulcers, eruptive fevers and externally inflammatory affections
of the skin, burns and scalds, wounds and ulcers.
Os sepie and its preparations, in itches, prickly heat and
other skin diseases, otorrhoea and conjunctivitis.
Osterea edulis and its preparations, in diarrhoea, dyspepsia,
.and chronic intestinal disorders, phthisis, abdominal tumours,'
enlarged liver and spleen, loss of appetite and seminal weak-
ness.
Oxalis coi-7iiculata, in dyspepsia, datura poisoning, dysen-
tei-y, enteritis, prolapsus of the rectum, piles, difficult micturi-
tion, and externally in bilious headaches,, and to remove corns
warts and other skin excrescences.
Pcederia, joetida, in colic, spasm, rheumatism, gout and
externally in rheumatisrn with contraction and stiffness of the
joints, and in toothache.
PcEonia emodi, in colic, uterine disorders, epilepsy, bilious
obstructions, diarrhoea, and externally bruises, sprains, etc.
Pandanus odoratissiinits, in sterility and threatened
abortion, and externally headaches, rheumatism, earache,
epilepsy, and throat affections. '
i APPENDICES 299
I
• Papaver somniferum, in diarrhoea, dysentery, diabetes,
coughs, bronchitis, asthma, irritable heart and angina, rheuma-
tism, tumours, cancer, carbuncle, abscesses and ulcers, in-
somnia, colic visceral obstructions, intestinal and genito-
urinary irritations and spasmqdic inflammatory pains, nervous
weakness and exhaustion, neuralgia, mental excitement, violent
delirium, and externally sprains, contusions, spasms, uterine
affections, irritable ulcers, toothache, earache, ophthalmia,
chronic rheumatism, enlarged and inflamed glands, painful
piles, and pains of various sorts.
ParyneUa perlata, in dysentery, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, Sper-
matorrhoea, and amenorrhoea.
Pavetta indica, in ascites, renal dropsy, visceral obstruc-
tions and externally painful piles.
Pavonia odorata, in internal hsemorrhages and inflanima-
mations.
Pedaliuyri murex, in calculi, urinary irritations, impotency,
uterine and puei-peral diseases, and locally ulcers.
Peganum harmala, in astlmia, colic, jaundice, amenorrhoea,
tape worms, intermittent and remittent fevers, including
malaria, and locally palsy and lumbago.
Pericampylus incanus, in snake bites.
Periploca apJiylla, in cerebral fever.
Peteroselinum sativuTu, in uterine and renal diseases,
epileptic fits, and externally sore eyes and breasts.
Peterospermuin species, in uterine diseases, leprosy, blood
diseases and externally nervous headache.
Peucedanum species, in flatulency, gastric and intestinal
disorders, and externally rheumatic joints, boils and abscessest
Phaseolus species, in gastro-intestinal catarrh, or inflam-
mation, piles, paralysis, cystitis, rheumatism, liver and nervous
afl^ections, leucorrhoea and seminal debility, and externally
aching bones and joints, abscesses, inflammations, ophthalmia,
and neuralgias.
Phoenix species, in general debility, ague, bronchial and
genito-urinary affections, and externally headaches, piles,
ophthalmia and corneal opacity.
Phyllanthus species, in jaundice, genito-urinary diseases,
dysentery, diabetes, and externally ulcers and inflammations,
spongy and Weeding gums, uvulitis and tonsilitis.
Physalis species, in diarrhoea, dysentery, ansemia, gouty
rheumatism, nephritis and urinary diseases.
300 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Picrorrhiza Kurroa, in intestinal obstructions, dyspepsia,

and neurosis of the stomach and bowels, worms, elephantoid,
bilious and malarial fevers.
Pimpinella anisum, in bronchial and gastro-intestinal com-
plaints and locally headache and flatulent colic.
Pinus species, in bronchial affections, chronic rheumatism,
skin diseases, flybites, sciatica, gout, cholera, dysentery, used
as an astringent injection in certain female complaints, leu-
corrhoea, gleet, urethritis, seminal debility, gleet and
gonorrhoea, externally indolent ulcers, abscesses, enlarged
liver, flatulency, colic spasm, convulsions, par&sites, lice
tympanites, and painful chest.
Piper cubeba, in leucorrhoea, bronchitis, and laryngitis.
Piper nigrum, in cough, stomach-ache, worms, malaria
and piles.
Piper species, in couh and catarrh, inflammations of the
nose, throat, larynx and bronchi, constipation, worms, colic,
tympanites, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, gastritis, and renal diseases,
acute and chronic gonorrhcea, gleet, and cystitis, visceral
enlargements and externally boils, piles, paralysis, toothache,
earache and painful eye affections.
Pistacia .species, (See also:—Rhus succedanea), in gonor-'
rhoea, leucorrhoea, impotency, phthisis, sluggish,liver, catarrhs
of the respiratory and urinary passages, and externally dental
caries, toothache, sore mouth and tongue.
Plantago ispagula; P. ovata, etc., in irritable and inflam-
matory conditions of the respiratory, gastro-intestinal, and
genito-urinary organs, intestinal ulceration, (acute and chronic
dysentery), piles, and externally rheumatic and gouty affec-
tions, swellings and irritable surface of the skin.
Plantago major, for insect bites, diarrhoea, piles, and in
blood impurities.
Plantago ovata, in chronic dysentery, cystitis, gonorrhoea,
and functional derangements of the digestive system.
Plantago species, in secondary syphilis, skin diseases,
leprosy, piles, liver and spleen enlargements, gastric and
digestive complaints, abortion, post-partum haemorrhage,
(uterine ailments), rheumatic complaints, and externally in
skin diseases, enlarged glands, rheumatic and paralytic
affections.
Plumbago zeylanica, increases digestiv^e powers, useful in
dyspepsia, piles, anasarca, diarrhoea and skin diseases; applied
to abscesses.
 3^"^
APPENDICES 301

Plu7nbum=aw#Rs salts, in chronic diarrhoea, and discharges

from gastro-intestinal and genito-urinary organs, night sweats
of phthisis, epilepsy, aneurysm of the aorta, and hypertrophy
of the heart, and externally excoriations, contusions, sprains,
baldness, itching, skin diseases, small-pox, piles and eye com-
plaints.
Podophyllum emodi and P. Ivexandrum, in torpid liver
bilious fevers.
Podophyllum peltatum, a powerful medicine, exercising
an influence on every part of the body. Small doses frequently
given are the best; excellent for scrofulous and dyspeptic
complaints.
Pogostemon patchouli, in scanty urine and in biliousness.
Polyporus officinalis, in night sweats of phthisis,, spasmodic
cough and externally inflamed breasts and leech bites.
Pongamia glabra, P. pinnata, etc., in flatulency^ dyspepsia,
diarrhcea, bleeding piles, gonorrhcea, urethritis, diabetes, bron-
chitis, whooping cough and externally skin diseases, (scabies,
herpes and foul ulcers, psoriasis and pityriasis), rheumatism,
lymphatic glands, fistula in ano, and leprosy,
bladder and bowels, scurvy and externally erysipelas, burns,
scalds and various skin diseases.
Portulaca species, in diseases of the lungs, liver, kidneys,
bladder and bowels, scurvy and externally erysipelas, burns,
scalds and various skin diseases.
Potassi nitras, in cough, externally on painful joints and
asthmatic fits.
Potassium, carbonas impura, in dropsy, erythema of skin,
and typhoid fever.
Potassiiim salts, in urinary diseases, gonorrhcea, uric acid
diathesis, uterine irritability, haemorrhages from internal
organs, enlarged lymphatic and secreting glands, enlarged
spleen, cirrhosis of the liver, with ascites, dropsy, asthma, and
bronchial affections, piles, dysentery, colic, intestinal worms,
and locally chronic skin diseases, gout and rheumatism,
eruptive fevers, bruises and abrasions" headache and delirium.
Primus atnygdalus, etc., in bronchial diseases, earache,
painful urinary and kidney affections, diabetes, torpid and
enlarged liver and spleen, piles, gonorrhoea, and externally
neuralgias, irritaJjle sores and skin eruptions.
Psidium guyava, etc., in constipation, gout, diabetes,
prolapsus ani, saiirvy and locally swollen gums-
 302 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Psoralea corylijolia, in leucoderma, leprosy ancl skin

diseases.
Pterocarpus iTiarsupium, in diarrhoea, pyrosis etc., and
locally toothache, boils, sores and other skin diseases.
Pterocarpus species, in bleeding piles, haemorrhages,
chronic dysentery, leucorrhoea, gastralgia. and locally inflam-
mations, piles, headaches, and superficial excoriations of the
genital organs and herpes zoster.
Ptychotis ajowan, etc., in flatulence, indigestion, colic,
dyspepsia, diarrhoea, cholera, biliousness, hysteria, worms,
spasmodic affections, dipsomania and externally rheumatic
and neuralgic pains, cramps in the limbs, poisonous insect
bites and diseases of the ear and nose..
Punica granatum, in chronic diarrhoea, dysentery and
other chronic bowel complaints, tapeworms, chronic feverish-
ness, consumption, splenic enlargement, piles and locally
relaxed sore throat, vaginal and uterine discharges and
ulcers.
Putranjiva Roxhurghii, for sterility in women,
Pyrethrum indicum, in rheumatism, gout, enlargement of
the liver and spleen, and worms.
Pyrus species, in dyspepsia, gonorrhoea, dysentery, and
other inflammations of the mucous membranes, calculi, gouty
and rheumatic complaints, sick headaches, chronic catarrh of
the mouth and throat.
Quassia excelsa, etc., in dyspepsia, anorexia, bilious fevers,
hysteria, worms, and locally thread worms.
Quercus infectoria, in diarrhoea, gonorrhoea, gleet,
leucorrhoea, and other vaginal discharges, (menorrhagia) and
internal haemorrhages, and locally prolapsus recti, relaxed
sore-throat, enlarged tonsils, haemorrhoids, etc.
Quinetum, in gastric disorders, intermittent fever, con-
valescence, and debility after fevers, enlarged spleen and neu-
ralgias.
Quinine, in fevers, (intermittents and agues), pneumonia,
and acute rheumatism, pyaemia and all exhausting suppura-
tive conditions.
Randia dumetorium, in diarrhoea, dysentery, colic, rheu-
matism, asthma, bronchial and chest affections and locally
headaches, orchitis, acne, etc.
Raphanus sativus, in gonorrhoea, piles, gastrodsmia, and
other gastric affections, urinary diseases and. scurvy-
 APPENDICES 303

Raupya hhasma, in inflammation of mucQus membrane

neuritis, and neuralgia.
Rouwolfid, serpentina, in bites of poisonous reptiles, and
insects, corneal opacity, and internally colic, cholera and other
painful bowel affections, insanity, to reduce high blood pres-
sure, (i.e., in hyperpiesis), and insomnia.
Rhamnus wightii, in enlarged spleen.
Rheum emodi, in diarrhoea and that due to teething,
atonic dyspepsia, chronic dysentery, duodenal catarrh, and
jaundice; externally used on plague glartds, but prohibited in
gout, rheumatism, epilepsy or any uric acid disease, owing to
the oxalic acid it contains.
Rheum palmatum, small dose will cure diarrhoea, large
dose is a safe aperient.
Rhinacanthics communis, in ringworm, and Dhobie's itch.
Rhus succedania, (See also:—Fistacia integerrima), etc.,
in cough, asthma, enlarged glands_. catarrhal fever, and bron-
chial troubles, infantile diarrhoea, etc., due to teething and
externally obstinate skin diseases, bleeding gums, epistaxis,
gleet, leucorrhoea, and other mucous discharges.
Rihes nigrum, for hoarseness, sore throat, coughs, and
catarrh generally.
Ricinus communis, in inflammatory condition of • the
bowels and urinary organs, jaundice and enlarged spleen, in-
fantile diarrhoea, lying-in-state., piles, painful affections of the
rectum, any foreign and irritant body in the stomach, ner-
vous and articular rheumatic affections, and locally gouty and
rheumatic swellings, deficient mammary secretion, sore nip-
ples, conjunctivitis, foreign body in eyes and ears.
Rosa species, in sore throat, enlarged tonsils, night sweats
of phthisis, uterine and pulmonary haemorrhages, and locally
throat affections, aphthae, burning of the skia, and eye-diseases.
Rosebay, in gout, rheumatism, neuralgia, constipation,
chronic affections of the testes, and filariasis.
Rourea sautaloides, in rheumatism, scurvy, syphilis, dia-
betes, pulmonary complaints, and externally ulcers, and other
skin diseases.
Rubia cordijolia, etc-, in dropsy, paralysis, jaundice, ame-
norrhoea, and visceral obstructions and externally inflamma-
tions, burns, ulcers and other skin diseases.
Rumex acetosa, or R. acetbsella, in kidney complaints,
fevers, and as a cooling drink as well as a salad.
 304 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Rumex crispus, etc., in scurvy and other skin eruptions,

syphilis, scrofula, dyspepsia, hepatic disorders, rheumatism,
liver troubles, laryngeal catarrh, chronic dysentery, piles, and
locally toothache, spongy gums and burns.
Rtita graveolens, in flatulent-colic, hysteria, female com-
plaints, infantile convulsions, worms, bronchial and pulmonary
affections and externally paralysis.
Saccharum officinaruTn, etc., in disorders due to pitta, and
vata, lead colic, urinary diseases, dystenery, strangury, spei'ma-
torrhoea, and in poisoning by copper, arsenic, or corrosive sub-
limate, and externally foul ulcers, carbuncles, boils, b u m s ,
obstinate headache, poisonous insect bites, country sore eyes,
foreign bodies in the eye, mammary abscesses, night sweats
of phthisis and haematuria.
Saline substances, in colic, indigestion, flatulence, en-
larged liver and spleen, dyspepsia, bowel complaints, abdo-
minal tumours, intestinal woi-ms, dysentery, etc.
Salix alba, in fevers of rheumatic origin, diarrhoea, and "^
dysentery.
Salix nigra, in ovarian disorders, and as a poultice.
Lalvadora species, in low fever, amenorrhoea, scurvy,
shake-bites and poisons of various sorts, enlarged spleen,
rheumatism, tumours and lithiasis, and externally- to strer^-
then teeth and gums, and to paiful tumours, piles and rheuma-
tic jonts.
Salvia 7nooracroftiana, in bronchial affections and colds.
Sansevieria zeylanica (See:—S. Roxburghiana), as a pur-
gative, tonic and cardiac stimulant.
Santalum album, in gastric irritability, dysentery, gonor-
rhoea,,gleet, urethral haemorrhage, pyelitis, chronic cystitis,
etc., bronchial catarrh, and externally scabies, and other skin
diseases, and erybtions, prickly heat, profuse sweating, pim-
ples on the nose, headaches and fevers-
Santalum rubrum, (decoction), in leucorrhoea.
Sapindas trifoliatus, etc., in colic, worms, venomous bites,
hemicrania, hysteria, epilepsy, gout, rheumatism, paralysis,
and externally poisonous insect bites, amenorrhoea, and diffi-
cult and delayed labour.
Saraca iiidica, in uterine affections especially in menor-
rhagia, and haemorrhages, bleeding piles, and dysentery.
Saussurea lappa, etc., in cough, bronchial asthma, dys-
pepsia, cholera, chronic rheumatism, and externally skin
 • APPENDICES 305

diseases, tumours, cephalalgia, diseased joints, wounds and

ulcers.
Saxifraga ligulata, in diarrhoea, cough, gravel and stone
in bladder, uric acid diathesis, opium, poisoning, and externally
in teething among children, boils and eye-affections.
Scilla Indica, in cough, strangury, dysuria and dropsy.,
Scindapsus officinalis, in diarrhoea, asthma and phlegmatic
affections. <
Semecdrpus anacardium, in scrofulous affections, syphilis,
leprosy, palsy, paraplegia, epilepsy and other nervous diseases,
dsypepsia, asthma, bronchitis, anaemia, some fevers, enlarged
spleen, piles, acute arthritis, rheumatic and gouty complaints,
chronic gastritis, neuritis, chronic arsenical poisoning, dysme-
Tiorrhoea, amenorrhoea, and externally scrofulous, veneral
and leprous affections, enlarged glands, warts and piles.
• Serpent poison preparatio7is, in collapse stage of fever,
cholera, ascites, plague, low fevers with brain complications
and cardiac and respiratory weakness, chronic malarial fevers,
and externally leucoderma.
Sesamum indicum etc., in gonorrhoea, dysentery, bleed-
ing piles, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, and externally burns,
scalds, wounds, ulcers and other skin diseases And eye-com-
plaints.
Sesbania species, in diarrhoea, menorrhagia, enlarged
spleen, smallpox, eruptive fevers, worms, and externally in-
flammatory rheumatic swellings, hydrocele, boils, abscesses,
and cutaneous eruptions.
Sevum preparatum, in excoriations, cracks, fissures, etc.
SJtilaiatu" or "Shilajit" increases flow of digestive secre-
tion and helps absorption, in diabetes, sexual weakness,
gonorrhoea and gleet, chronic bronchitis, phthisis, asthma, her-
"V'ous diseases.
Sliorea rohusta, in dysentery, diarrhoea, bleeding piles,
•gonorrhoea; and externally lumbago, chilblains, ulcers and
other skin diseases.
Sida acuta etc., in febrile affections, convalescence, dys-
pepsia, chronic bowel complaints, intestinal worms, rheumatic
affections, gonorrhoea and externally boils and abscesses.
• Sida cordifolia, as cardiac and nervine tonic, in bleeding
piles, colic, tenesmus, gonorrhoea, haematuria, strangury,
spermatorrhoea, leucorrhoea, cystitis, chronic dysentery, ner-
vous diseasjes, and externally elephantiasis, nervous and rheu-
matic affections, ophtjialmia and boils. "
20
306 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Sida rhomhifolia, etc., in rheumatism, calculus troubles,

gonorrhoea, gleet, and scalding urine.
Siegesheckia orientalis, etc., in ague, rheumatism, renal
colic, scrofulous and syphiHtic affections, diseases of the
urethra, and externally ringworm and other parasitic erup-
tions and gangrenous sores.
Silicate of vfiagnesia, in diarrhoea and to heal wounds.
Silicium salts, in dysentery, ardor urinae, anuria, internal
haemorrhages, gonorrhoea, calculus affections, obstinate vomit-
ing, diarrhoea, menstrual disorders, and locally b u m s and
scalds, syphihtic ulcers, chronic skin diseases, aphthae, epis-
taxis and inflamed glands.
Sinapis juncea, in drunkenness, narcotic and other poison-
ings, and externally in apoplexy, convulsions, delirium, violent
headache, sleeplessness, cholera, colic, spasms of the bowels,
vomiting, retching coughs, difficult breathing, whooping cough,
toothache, faceache, and other neuralgic pains and chest affec-
tions.
Smilax china, chinensis, etc., in rheumatism, gout, epi-
lepsy, scrofula, chronic nervous diseases, seminal weakness
and syphilitic cachexia.
Smilax Ornata, as general purifier for the blood.
Soda carhonas impura, in distention of stomach and colic.
Sodii Bihoras, or Sodiu^n Biborate, in thrush, sore nip-
ples, inflamed piles, pruritis of genitals, parasitic ulcers, ir-
regular menses, uterine inertia, tedious labour, dyspepsia and
liver complaints.
Sodium chloridum, in cholera, chronic rheumatism, scia-
tica, joint diseases, liquifies sputum in children; externally to
wasp stings, to rdestroy lice in hair, jaundice, to blacken hair,
and to reduce inflammation.
Sodium, salts and preparations, in acidity of the stomach,
cholera, painful dyspepsia, diarrhoea, flatulence, anprexia,
congested liver, urinary diseases, uric acid grav^el, anuria,
Bright's disease, typhoid fever, malarial fever, influenza,
rheumatism, gout, ascites, menstrual irregularity, and puer-
peral convulsions, spasmodic and phlegmatic complaints, epi-
lepsy, heart-disease, hysteria, intestinal ^yorms, and externally
in skin diseases and sloughing ulcers, sore nipples, fissures,
inflamed piles, distressing irritation of the genital organs,
vaginal discharges, aphthae, thrush, sore throat, parasitic
stomatitis, urethritis, gonorrhoea, purulent ophthalmia, diph-
theria, inflamed glands, influenza, chest diseases, thread woi'ms,
Neuralgic headaches, ozoena, rheumatic and muscular pains.
 APPENDICES' • •:• '307

Sdlanum dulcamara, in scrofula, syphilis, chronic rheumat-

ism, skin diseases and catarrhal affections.
Solanum indicum, etc., in asthma, dry jand spasmodic
cough, chest pains, chronic fevers, colic, flatulence, worms,
dysuria, dropsy enlarged liver and spleen, and externally tooth-
ache.
Solanum yacqidni, in cough, asthma, catarrh and pain in
the chest.
Solanum nigrum, etc., in anasarca, heart-disease, fevers,
coughs, enlarged liver and spleen, and externally rheumatic
and gouty joints, skin diseases and painful swollen testicles.
Solanum tuberosum, in scurvy, chronic cough, gout and
locally burns.
Solanum xanthocarpujn, in kidney diseases.
Sonchus species, in ascites and hydrothorax.
Soym.ida jebrifuga, in dysentery, diarrhoea, intermittent
fevers, general debility, and externally rheumatic swellings.
Sphaeranihus hirtus, etc., in bilious affections, goitre and
other tumours, worms, bleeding piles, jaundice, glandular
swellings, impotence and skin diseases.
Spilanthus oleracea, etc., in toothache, irritation of the
gums, salivation, headache, paralysis of the tongue, stammer-
ing, and locally inflammation of the periosteum of the jaw.
Spinacia oleracea, etc., in headache, indigestion, applied
to head to promote hair growth, fevers; inflammation of the
lungs & bowels, urinary calculi, ankylostoma and locally sore
throat.
Spondias mangifera, etc., in bilious dyspepsia, scurvy,
dysentery, gonorrhoea, and leucorrhoea, wounds caused by
poisoned arrows, and locally earache.
Spongia officinalis, in dysentery, diarrhoea, and other
bowel complaints, and externally for absorbing liquids, dilat-
ing cavities and suppurating prolapsed parts.
Squalus carcharius, preparations in cachexia, pulmonary
consumption, atrophy of body, scrofulous abscesses, suppurat-
ing glands, affections of the joints and bones, ulcerations, dis-
charges from the nose or ears, and skin diseases, stricture of
the rectum, chronic hydrocephalus, spasmodic coughs and af-
fections, chronic rheumatism, and neuralgia.
Stannum preparations, in diseases of the blood, lung? and
genito-urinary organs, gonorrhoea, spermatorrhoea, diabetes.
,308 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

gleet, .loss of memory, haemoptysis, paralysis, asthma, im-

potency, dyspepsia, jatmdice, constipation, and skin diseases.
Stercuiia acuminata, in physical and nervous fatigue, and
locally wounds etc. '• ''
Strychnos coluhrina, etc.', in obstinate malarial fevers,
cachexia and dyspepsia.
Strychnos ignatia, in cholera, asthma, dropsy, pilqS, and
externally swellings.
Strychnos nux-vomica, in bronchitis, diabetes, intermit-
tents, dyspepsia, chronic constipation from atony of the bowels,
chronic dysentery, atonic diarrhoea, prolapsus of the rectum,
gouty, rheumatic, paralytic and neuralgic affections, worms,
tobacco-amaurosis, insomnia from over-fatigue, hydrophobia,
bronchitis, emphysema, phthisis, impotency, spasmodic di-
seases, spermatorrhoea, excessive venery, alcoholism, opium
and lead poisoning, nocturnal incontinence, retention of urine
and externally headaches, swollen glands, oedema of the hands
feet and abdomen, rat-bites and bites of venomous reptiles.
, muscular and chronic rheumatism, palsy and hypodermically
in narcotic poisoning, chronic alcoholism and snake-bites.
Strychnos potatorum, in chronic diarrhoea, diabetes,
gonorrhoea, and irritation of the urinary organs, and external-
ly in lachrymation, chemosis in the conjunctiva and to boils.
Styrax benzoin, in jaundice, incontinence of urine, calcul-
ous disorders, distressing coughs, and externally laryngeal,
bronchial and spasmodic coughs, cuts and wounds, foul indo-
lent ulcers, and irritable skin eruptions, and uterine dis-
charges. ,
Sudarshana churna, in periodic fever.
, Sulphur and Us preparations, in habitual constipation,
piles, prolapaus, stricture, chronic dysentery, epilepsy and
nervous diseases, chronic skin diseases, coughs, phthisis,
chronic bronchitis with fever, asthma, enlarged liver and
spleen acidity and dyspepsia, gout, chronic fevers, rheumatism,
worms and blood parasites, tympanites, colic, ascites, menin-
gitis, and externally skin diseases, scrofulous, rheumatic and
other painful joints. ,
Suvarna makshika, (See:—^Aurum), as a blood purifier.
Swnrna hhasma, ( S e e : - ^ A u r u m ) , in nervousness, chronic
fevers, tuberculosis, neurasthenia, heart-disease, and anaemia.
Swama or Suvarna Vanga. (See:—Aurum), in leucor-
Thoea and spermatorrhoea.
 APPENDICES 309

Sivertia chirata, etc., (See:—Ophaiia chirata), in chronic

malarial fevers, anaemia, dyspepsia, catarrhs, enlarged spleen
and liver.
Swertjia decussata, (See also:—Asphaltum), as nervine
tonic.
Symplocos racemosa, etc., in bowel complaints, dropsy,
liver affections, fevers, uterine complaints, acute dysentery,
chyluria, filariasis, and externally eye diseases, spongy and
bleeding gums relaxed ovula, boils (and other malignant
growths.
• Syzigium jamhulamim, in diabetes.
Tahemamontana species, in diarrhoea, worms, and exter-
nally ophthalmia, toothache, abscesses, and other skin dis-
eases.
Tamarindus indica, in acidity, dyspepsia, constipation,
intoxication from datura and spirituous liquors, scui*vy, bili-
ousness, bleeding piles, dysentery, scalding urine, colic and
externally inflamimatory swellings, aphthae, whooping cough,
sore throats, and indolent ulcers;.
Tamarix gallica, etc., in leucorrhoea, dysentery, diarrhoea,
coughs and chronic discharges, and externally sloughing
ulcers, and phagedenic buboes.
Taraxacum, officiTiale, in liver and kidney obstructions,
visceral diseases, dyspepsia, jaundice, dropsy, chronic skin
diseases and cachectic disorders.
Techoma undulata, in spleen diseases.
Terminalia arjuna, etc., in haemorrhages, and other fluxes,
diarrhoea, dysentery, sprue, heart-diseases, spermatorrhoea,
gonorrhoea, fractures, contusions, and externally' ulcers, acne,
and other skin diseases.
Terminalia belerica, in cough, sore throat, night pollution,
worms, dyspepsia, dyspnoea, dropsy, piles, and diarrhoea, "and
externally to inflamed parts, rheumatism, ophthalmia, etc.
Teryninalia catappa, etc., in headache, colic and locally sca-
bies, leprosy, and other skin diseases.
Teryninalia chebula, in fevers, coughs, asthma, urinary
diseases, piles, eye affections, worms, muscular rheumatism,
atonic dyspepsia, chronic diarrhoea, vomiting, dysentery, flatu-
lence, colic, enlarged spleen and liver, and externally aphthae,
chronic ulcerations burns, scalds and other skin diseases,
bleeding piles, and some vaginal discharges.
Term.inalia tomentosa, etc., in atonic diarrhoea, and local-
ly indolent ulcers. ^
 310: THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

. Thymus vulgaris, as a tonic and antiseptic genei'aily used

in combination with others.
Tinospora cordifoUa, in chronic malarial fevers, chronic
rheumatism, and dyspepsia after fevers.
Toddalia aculeata, etc., in rernittent and malarial fevers,
diarrhpea, constitutional debility, convalescence after fevers,
and other exhausting diseases and externally rheumatism and
boils.
Trapa hispinosa, etc., in bilious affections, diarrhoea, ner-
vous and general debility, leucorrhoea and menorrhagia.
Tribulus torrestris, etc., in diseases of the genito-urinary
system, calculous affections, bloody urine, gleet, cystitis, gonor-
rlioeal rheumatism, gout, uterine disorders, impotence, Bright's
disease with dropsy, spermatorrhoea, and phosphaturia.
•*_. Trichpsanthes species, in bilious fevers, worms, skin dis-
eases, leprosy, and. externally headaches, earaches, sores in the
ears E^nd nostrils. and other ulcers, epilepsy and mental
troubles, congested liver and alopecia.
Trigonella joenumgraecxim, iri dyspepsia, colic, flatulence,
dysentery, pueiperal diaiThcea, rheumatism, chronic coughs,
dropsy, enlarged liver and spleen, scrofula, rickets, anaemia,
and externally leucorrhoea, burns, and inflamed parts.
TripJutla churna, in constipation.
Triticum sativum, in lumbago, painful joints, epistaxis.
menorrhagia, poisoning by salts of mercury, copper, zinc, silvei",
tin and iodine and externally inflamed surfaces as erysipelas,
b u m s , scalds, tetter, ringworm, hollow ulcers and other skin
lesions.
Tussilago farfara, for cough and is used as a basis of her-
bal smoking mixture.
Tylophora asthmatica, in dysentery, diarrhoea, respira-
tory afi;ections, (bronchitis, whooping cough, asthma), sj^ihili-
tic rheumatisrn, gout, impurity of blood and locally gouty
pains. *
Uncaria gamhir, as ointment with ghee in cancer, alone
in diarrhoea, chronic ulcers, obesity and frequent micturition.
VrgiJiea Indica, etc., in bronchitis, emphysema, spasmodic
croup, cardiac and renal dropsy, chronic Bright's disease,
rheumatism, calculous and paralytic affections, leprosy and
skin diseases, and externally inveterate corns, warts and
burning of the soles of feet.
Urine (cow's) aiid preparationis, in enlarged abdominal
viscera, ^ painful dyspepsia, ascites, anasarca, jaundice.
 APPENDICES 311

leprosy, chronic prurigo and other obstinate skin diseases.

Urine (goat's) preparations, in epilepsy, as laxative
and diuretic.
Unne (horse's), in phlegm, ringworm and intestinal
worms.
Urine (Ox's), in jaundice, worms, oedema, and diar-
rhoea.
Urtica dioica, in bronchial and uterine catarrh, and
haemorrhage, nettle rash, asthma, and as a blood purifier and
tonic and locally burns,
Valeriana species, in hysteria, neuralgia, epilepsy, chorea,
and other nervous conditions.
VaTida Roxburghii, in secondary syphilis, rheumatic and
nervous diseases.
Valeria Indica, etc., for external use in chronic rheuma-
tism, and other painful affections, carbuncles and other,
ulcerations.
VerhascuTYi thapsus, in coughs, asthma, bronchial and
other pulmonary complaints and locally inflamed parts.
Ver7W7iia anthehnintica, etc., in round-worms, thread-
wrpms, white leprosy, and other chronic skin diseases and
externally for the same and rheumatism.
Vemonia cinerea, etc., in malarial and other fevers,
dropsy, spasm of the bladder, strangury, worms, blood-shot
eyes, and externally leprosy, guinea-worm and chronic skin
diseases.
Viburnum foetidu/m, in uterine diseases, post partum'
haemorrhage, threatened abortion, dysmenorrhcea, and after
pains.
Vinegar, for sponging the body in fevers; uterine
hasmorrhage, and as an application to bruises, headache;-
scorpion bites and pruritus.
"Viola species, in bilious and liver' affections, kidney
diseases, prolapse of the rectum and uterus, coughs and-
tightness of the chest in children.
Viscum alba, or V. album, etc., in splenic and hepatic
enlargements, menorrhagia, haemorrhages, hysteria, epilepsy,
St. Vitus dance (chorea), nervous complaints, palpitation of
the heart and locally abscesses.
Vitex negundo, etc., in catarrhal dengue, and puerperal
fevers, splenic enlargement, irritable bladder, rheumatism,
dyspepsia, colic, worms, diarrhoea, liver diseases, haemoptysis,;
 312 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

intestinal hemorrhage and externally acute rheumatism^

arthritis, orchitis, gonorrhceal epididymitis, enlarged spleen,
catarrh, and headache, foetid, gangrenous and scrofulous
sores, glandular swelling, sinuses, syphilitic skin diseases.
Vitex peduncularis, in malaria, kala-azar, black-water
fever, and haemoglobinuric fever.
9 Vitex trijolia, in intermittents, enlarged spleen, amertor—
rhcea, and locally rheumatic pains and sprains.
Vitis quadrangularis, etc., in bowel complaints, indi-
gestion, irregular menstruation, scurvy, asthma, and exter-
nally fractures of bones, otorrhoea, and epistaxis.
Vitis vinifera, in bilious fever, anaemia, wasting diseases,
heart-diseases, Bright's diseases, gout, acid dyspepsia,
genito-urinary diseases, coughs, catarrhs, jaundice, rheiima-
tism, chronic diarrhoea, piles, stone in the bladder and
orchitis.
Viverra civetta, in hysteria and nervous exhaustion.
Withania somnifera, etc., in alcoholism, emphysematous
dyspnoea, consumption, general and seminal debility, nervous
exhaustion, loss of memory, leucorrhoea, spermatorrhoea
sterility, lumbago, scrofulous and other glandular swellings,
and externally skin diseases, obstinate ulcers, carbuncles and
rheumatic swellings.
Woodfordia jloribunda, in diarrhoea, dysentery and other
bowel complaints, internal haemorrhages, leucorrhoea, rhen-
orrhagia, piles, liver disorders, and externally foul ulcers
and wounds.
Wrightea antidysenterica, in chronic dysentery.
WrightAa tinctoria, in piles, fever, diarrhoea, round worms
and colic.
Xanthium strumariuni, etc., in malarial fever, urinary
and renal complaints, gleet, leucorrhoea, menorrhagia, cancer
and struma.
Xanthoxylum species, in fever, dyspepsia, urinary
diseases, skin diseases, rheumatism and locally toothache.
Zea mays, in irritable bladder and lithiasis.
Zinc salts, and preparations, in syphilitic and scrofulous
affections, chronic fever, gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, epilepsy,*
hysteria, whooping cough, asthma, dipsomania and exter-
nally eye-diseases, abrasions, inflamed skin, eczema, wounds,
burns and other skin affections.
 APPENDICES 313

Zingiber officinale, or officinalis, in dyspepsia, flatulence,

colic, stomach ache, indigestion, biliousness, vomiting, spasms,
diarrhoea, colds, coughs, asthma, throat complaints, inter-
mittents, general dropsy, (but not in that of Bright's disease,
chronic heart disease), gout and chronic rheumatism, and
externally neuralgias, headaches, cramps, fainting, vaginismus
and in the collapse stage of cholera.
Zingiber zerumbet, in coughs, asthma, worms, leprosy, and
skin diseases.
Zizyphus jujuba, etc., in bilious affections, diarrhoea, de-
Hrium, pectoral complaints and externally boils, abscesses,
carbuncles and other ulcers.

PUBLICATIONS REFERRED TO:

1. A r t of Dispensing & Pharmacy Management (1935),
by Anant S. Oltikar, Bombay.
2. Catalogue 1950 of The.Homeo Chemical and Phar-
maceutical Works, Ltd., & Laboratory, Calcutta.
3. Practical Bazaar Medicines, (1920), by Col. G. T.
Birdwood.
4. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, (1948), by Dr. M . A .
Kamath.
5. Comparative Study of Ayurved, (1927), by Lt.-Col.
' Chitale.
6. Famous Book of Herbs, by Heath & Heather, Ltd., St.
Albans.
7. Pharmacology, Materia Medica & Therapeutics,
(1949) by Dr. B . M . Ghosh.
8. Indigenous Drugs Inquiry: A review of the Work,
(July, 1939) by Bt. Col. R . N . Chopra.
9. Indian Crude Drugs, Minerals, Economic Produce,
Arts and Manufactures (Price-hst 1924) by S. N. De,
M.Sc, (Botany) B.Sc, (Geology).

APPENDIX III

Equivalents & Substitutes for Imported Foreign etc., Drugs

Substitute for
Drugs obtainable in India Foreign or other drugs includ
ing British Pharmacopoeial
Drugs
Abrus precatorius, root &
Extract respectively. .. Liquorice root and extract
. respectively.
 314 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Acacia arabica, bark-decoc-

tion , Oak bark-decoction—Acacia
Senegal.
Acacia catechu (Extract
from wood). . Uncaria gambler.
Acacia farnesiana, gum. . Gum Arabic; Acacia Senegal
Acalypha indica, juice of
plant. . Senega, (root).
Aconitum chasmanthvim. . Aconitum napellus.
Aconitum ferox & other
species (root). Aconite or Monkshood.
Aconitum heterophyllum,
(root), , Cinchona & its alkaloids.
Adansonia digitata, (bark). Quinine.
Adhatoda Vasika. Senega.
Ailanthus malabarica. Calumba root and Quassia.
Aleurites triloba, (oil). Linseed oil,
'- Aleurites triloba, (oil of
seeds). , Castor oil.
Alhagi maurorunn
(Saccharine exud). , Manna. I,
Allium cepa & A. sativum. Smelling salts.
Aloe barbadensis; A.
indica; & A. litoralis
(inspissated juice). Barbadoes & Secotrine
aloes; Aloe species.
Alstonia scholaris (bark). Cinchona & its alkaloids.
Althaea officinalis. English marsh mallow.
Amomum aromatic um,
Amomum Xanthioides,
(fruit), Cardamoms.
Andrographis paniculata,
entire plant, (stalk &
roots). Hlmalayam chiretta; &
Andropogon citratus & Quassia.
other species, (volatile
oil). Cajuput oil, (oil of cajuput).
Anethum graveolens or
Anethum Sowa, (fruit). Common Dill.
Arachis hypogsea (oil of
seeds). Olive oil.
Areca catechu, (extract
from fruit). Pale catechu.
Argemone mexicana, (oil
of seeds). Castor oil.
Aristolochia bracteata
(juice). Quassia.
 APPENDICES 315

Aristolochia indica
(alkaloid). Colchicine.
Aristolochia indica, (stem
& root). Texan Serpentary (Serpen-
taria root) i.e., Aristolochia
reticulata.
Artemisia brevifolia.
Artemisia maritima. Santonin; (Artemisia Cina
Berg).
Astragalus strobiliferus. Astragalus gummifer.
Atropa accuminata. Atropa belladonna.
Azadirachta indica (bark). .. Cinchona & its alkaloids.

Beliospermum mphtanum
(oil of seeds). Croton oil.
Balsamodendron mukul &
B. pubescens, (gum-resin). . . Myrrh.
Banga Bhasma. Stannoxyl (patent).
Bassia latifolia, & B.
longifolia, (spirit distilled
from flowers). Wine; Brandy; & Proof and
Rectified spirit.
Berberis aristata, root. Taxan (Serpentaria root,
Serpentary).
Berberis aristata, (bark-
extract) . Cinchona bark-extract &
Quinine.
Berberis asiatica, & other
species, (root b a r k ) . Cinchona and its allcaloids.
Berthelotia lanceolata,
(leaves). Senna.
Borassus flabelliformis,
(saccharine juice sulDmit-
ted acetous fermentation) Vinegar.
Borassus flabelliformis, (spirit
obtained from saccharine
juice or toddy). Brandy; Wine; & Proof and
Rectified spirit.
Borassus flabelliformis,
(toddy poultice) Yeast poultice.
Borassus flabelliformis,
(Downy substance from
the base of the fronds) Matico leaves.
Brassia butyracea (Con-
crete oil) Theobroma oil.
Brucca (nima) Quassioi-
des (Root) Quassia.
316 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Bryonia epigoea. Chiretta.

Butea frondosa, seeds. Santonin. (Santonica);
Wormseed.
Butea frondosa, gum. Kino gum.
Caesalpinia bonducella.
(seeds). Cinchona & its alkaloids.
Caesalpinia sappan, wood
& extract respectively. Logwood, & Logwood ex-
tract, respectively.
Calotropis gigentea & C.
procera, (vegetable mer-
cury) root-bark. Ipecacuanha; Mercury; Sc
Sarsaparilla.
Canarium commune (ker-
nels. Sweet almonds.
Canarium commune (oil). Almond oil.
Canarium strictum. (resin). Burgandy pitch.
Cafnnabis sativa. (flower-
ing tops). Ergot.
Carica papaya, (juice of
fruit). Santonin; Santonica.
Carum (Ptychotis) ajowan
& roxburghianum, C.
copticum. (fruit & vola-
tile oil). Oils & lavender; Pepper-
mint; dill; aniseed; & cara-
way; Thyme.
Caryophyllus aromaticus
(flower-buds). Pimento.
Caryota urens (spirit obtained
from saccharine juice or
toddy). Wine, Brandy; & Proof and
Rectified Spirit.
Cassia alata & other species
(leaves). Senna.
Cassia Alata (Extract from
leaves). Extract of Colocynth.
Cassia angustifolia; C.
fistula. Cassia acutifolia.
Cassia auriculata, bark. Oak-bark.
Cassia species (leaves ex-
tract) . Colocynth extract.
Cedrela toona (bark). Cinchona.
Chavica ofiicinarum, (fruit)...
Chavica roxburghii. (fruit)... Black pepper.
Cephaelis ipecacuanha. Cephaelis acuminata.
 ^APPENDICES 317

Ghenopodium album. Chenopodium ambrosioides.

Chenopodiurn anthelminti-
cum.
Cera alba. Theobroma oil.
Chrysanthemum cinerarii-
. fplium. (Indian). Pyrethrum (Foreign).
Chrysanthemum roxburghii.
(flowers). Chamomile flowers.
Chrysanthemum roxburghii.
(root). Pellitory root.
Cicendia hyssopifolia.
(plant). Gentian root.
Cinchona calisaya.
Cinchona ledgeriana. Cinchona.
Cinchona officinalis.
Cinchona succirubra.
Cinnamomum glanduliferum
(root). Sassafras root.
Cinnamomum iners, & C.
zeylanicum. (inner bark). Cinnamon.
Cissampelos pareira. (root). Pareira root.
CitruUus colocynthis,
(extract). Colocynth extract.
Citrus bergamia. (juice of
fruit). Lemon juice.
Citrus medica. Citrus limon.
Clerodendron inerme. Quinine.
Cleviceps purpurea (grow-
ing on Indian wheat). Ergot.
Cocculus cordifolius. Calumba.
Cocculus decoction. Iceland-moss decoction.
Cocculus tincture. Tincture of Hop.
Cocculus indicus, (alka-
loid). Strychnia.
Cocculus villosus. Sarsaparilla.
Cochlospermum gossypium,
(gum). Tragacanth.
Cocos nucifera (downy sub-
stance from, the base of
the fronds). Matico leaves.
Cocos nucifera (oleine). Cod Liver Oil.
Cocosnucifera (saccharine
juice submitted to acetous
fermentation). Vinegar.
Cocos nucifera (spirit ob-
tained from saccharine
 Sl8 TVffi INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

juice or toddy). Wine; Brandy; & Proof and

Rectified spirit.
Colchicum luteum. Colchicum autumnale. "
Combretum pilosum (found
in Assam). Santonin.
Coptis teeta. (tincture). Tincture of Hop & Calumba.
Cordia latifolia & C. myxa,
(dried fruit). Prunes.
Coscinium fenestratum.
(stems). Calumba root.
Crinum asiaticum Var.
Toxicarium. (bulb &
root), Squill
Crinum asiaticum Var.
Toxicarium (infusion): Ipecacuanha infusion,
Croton oblongifolius & C.
pavana. (oil of seeds). Croton oil.
' Croton tiglium. (seed oil). Elaterium; Ipecacuanha;
Tartar emetic).
Cucumis hardwickii & C.
trigonus. (pulp of fruit). Colocynth.
Cuminum cyminum (fruit). Coriander.
Cybium commersonii (Liver
oil). Cod Liver Oil.

Datura alba. & D. fastuosa.

(leaves & seeds). Datura stramonium, &
Belladonna.
Datura alba. D. fastuosa.
(poultice). Conium poultice.
Datura fastuosa. var. alba,
(leaves extract). Belladonna leaves extract.
Datura fastuosa. var. alba,
(seeds). Stramonium seeds.
Digitalis lanata; D. pur-
purea. Digitalis.
Diospyros embryopteris
(extract). Logwood extract; catechu.
Dipterocarpus laevis (Bal-
sam exud). Copaiba, (balsam).
Dipterocarpus turbinatus,
(Balsam exud.). Copaiba, (balsam).
Dipterocarpus turbinatus,
(compound). Tincture of cubeba.
Dipterocarpus turbinatus,
(tincture). Tincture of cubeba.
 APPENDICES 339

Dorema aureum (gum-

resin) . Ammoniacum.
Dryopteris blandforii. Dryopteris.
Dryopteris marginata. Dryopteris.
Dryopteris Odontoloma. Dryopteris.
Echium, sp. of (Gouzaban,
Hindi). Sarsaparilla; Pereira brava,
Cissampelos pareira).
Eclipta alba & E. prostata. Taraxacum.
Ehrelia buxifolia. (rod). Elm bark.
Embelia ribes, (berries). Kousso & Male-fern
Ephedra gerardisna, in-
cluding K nebrodensis
Tineo & E. vulgaris. Ephedra equisetina.
Ephedra sinica.
Epicauta nipalensis. (dried
insect). Cantherides,
Eucalyptus globulus. Eucalyptus species.
Eucalyptus resinifera.
(gum). Kino.
Euphatorium ayapana.
(infusion). Serpentary infusion.
Euphorbia neriifolia. (juice
of leaves). Lobelia.
Eurycoma longifolia. Quinine.
Exacum bicolor; E. pedun-
culatum; E. tetragonum.
(Roots).- Gentian Root.
Feronia elephantum. (gum
of unripe fruits). Gum acacia; & Bael fruit;
i.e., Aegle marmelos.
Ferula galbaniflua & F.
enarthex. Galbanum; Ferula foetida;
F. rubricaulis.
Foeniculum panonorium
(fruit); & F. vxilgare. Common fennel.
Garcinia indica. (butter). Vaseline; Spermaceti & Oil
of Theobroma.
Garcinia morella, (gum
resin). Officinal gamboge.
Garcinia pictoria. (gum
resin). . Siam gambose.
Garcinia purpurea (Con-
crete oil). Theobroma oil.
 320 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Gentiana Kurroo & Picror-

hiza Kurrooai Gentianalutea root.
Gossypium herbaceum.
(root-bark). Ergot.
Gracilaria lichenoides.
(decoction). Iceland moss decoction.
Gracilaria lichenoides.
(dried plant). Iceland moss.
Gi'atiola monniera.
(alkaloid). Strychnine.
HemideSinus indicus.
(root). Sarsaparilla root; Dulca-
mara.
Hermodactylus gol. Colchicum.
Herpestis nionniera. Digitalis.
'tiebiscus I'osa sinensis. English rriarshmallow-root.
Holarrhena antidysentei'ica.
(bark). Cinchona bark.
Hymenodictiyon excelsum.
(bark). Cinchona bark.
Hyoscyamus muticus. Hyoscyamus niger.
Hyperanthera pterygosper-
ina. (root). Armoracia.
Ichnocarpus frutescens.
(root). Sarsaparilla.
Ipomoea hedereceae & I.
nil. (extract). i Extract of Jalap.
Ipomoea hedereceae & I.
nil. (pill). Compound gamboge pill.
Ipomoea turpethum. Jalap; (Ipomoea purga); I.
orizabensis.
Ii-is germanica. Iris pallida; I. florentinea.
Justicia adhatoda (inspis-
sated juice). Senega root.
Ledebouria hyacinthoides
(bulb), Squill.
liquidambar altingia & L.
orientalis. (balsam.). Copaiba; Liquid Styrax or
Storax.
Lobelia nicotianifolia.
Luffa amara. (kernel of Lobelia inflata.
seed).
Lytta assamensis (dried Ipecacuanha.
insect.).,
Cantharides.
 APPENDICES 321

Ijytta Gigas; L. violacea

(dried insect.)- Cantharides.
Makaradhwaja. Red Sulphide of Mercury.
TVTaUotus phillipinensis. 1. Male fern. 2. Cusso or
Kousso (Brayera anthelmin-
tica).
Malva sylvestris. Marshmallow.
Mangifera indica. (seeds). - Santonin; santonica.
Melia azadirachta. (leaf-
poultice) . Linseed poultice.
Meloe trianthema (dried
insect). Cantharides.
Mentha arvensis. Mentha piperita; M. viridis.
Michelia champaka. (bark). . . Guaiacum & C&scarilla.
(bark).
Micromeria capitellata
(plant). Peppermint.
Mirabilis jalappa. Jalap.
Moringa oleifera. (1. Base
out of. 2. Bases from
bark). Ephedrine.
Moringa pterygosperma. Horse radish.
Moringa pterygosperma. «
(compound). Infusion of Cusparia.
Moringa pterygosperma.
(infusion). 'Infusion of Cusparia.
Moringa pterygosperma.
(root). Armoracia.
Musa sapientum. (young
leaf). Guttapercha tissue.
Mylabris cichorii, (cerate
and plaster). Cantharides (Cerate &
A
Plaster).
Mylabris cichorii, (dried
insect). Cantharides (Cerate &
Plaster).
Mylabris punctum; M. pus-
tulata; & other species
(dried insect). Cantharides (Cerate &
Plaster).
Myristica malabarica.
(concrete oil). Expressed oil of nutmeg.
Myrtus caryophyllus. Pimento.
Kardostachys jatamansi.
(root). Valerian (root); Russian
sambul (root).
21
322 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Naregamia alata. Ipecacuanha.

Ocimum basilicum. (seeds). . . Plantago ovata (seeds).
Onosma bracteatum. Sarsaparilla.
Ophelia angustifolia, O.
densifolia; & O. elegans
(plants). Chiretta.
Ophelia chirata. (dried
plant). Gentian root."
Oryza sativa. (decoction), Barley decoction.
Oryza sativa. (seeds—
ground & sifted) (rice-
flour) . Wheaten flour.
Oryza sativa. (seed husked) . . Pearl Barley.
Papaver somniferum,
(Cryst Principle),
V (Nicotine). Cinchona & its alkaloids.
Papaver somniferum. ins-
pissated juice). Smyrna or Turkey opium.
Pharbitis nil (seeds). Jalap.
Phyllanthus emblica. (dried
fruit). Oak galls.
Phyllanthus embUca. (ex-
tract from wood)'. Catechu.
Picrasma quassioides. Picrasma excelsa.
Pimpinella anisum. • Illicium verum; I. religiosm.
Pinus deodara; & P . longi-
folia. (products of distil-
lation) . Tar & Turpentine.
Pinus longifolia. (oleo-
resin). Galbanum; Pinus palustris;
P. taeda.
Pinus longifolia (ointment). . . Ointment of Elemi.
Piper nigrum. Cinchona & its alkaloids.
Pistacia Khinjuk. (galls). Oak galls.
Pistacia IChiajuk.' & P.
Kabulica. (resin). Mastiche.
Plantago ispaghula. (de-
coction). Barley decoction.
Plantago ovata. (seeds). Linseed infusion or tea.
Plumbago rosea. '.. Cantharides.
Plumbago rosea, (plaster). . . Cantharides plaster.
Plumbago rosea. & P.
zeylanica. (root bark). Mezereon bark.
Podophyllum emodi (vege-
table calomel).
Podophyllum hexandnmi. Calomel; Podophyllum
 APPENDICES 323

Polygala chinensis; & P . peltatum.

crotalarioides; & P. te-
lephioides (plants). Polygala senega.
Psychotria ipecacuanha. Cephaelis ipecacuanha.
Ptychotis ajowan. Oils of lavender; pepper-
mint, thyme, dill, caraway,
coriander & anise.
Punica granatxun. (bark-
decoction) . Decoction of Oak b a r k .
Punica granatum. (rind of
fruit). Decoction of Oak bark.
Punica granatum. (root-
bark) . Male-fern (Felix mas).

Randia dumetorium. Ipecacuanha.

Rheum emodi; R. webbia-
n u m & other species
(root). Rheum palmatum, etc.
Chinese or Tibetan or T u r -
kish (rhubarb).
Rhus succedanea. (galls). •Oak galls.
Rumex maritimus; & R.
Nepalensis. Rhubarb.
Ruta angustifolia. (plant). Rue.

Salbc fragilis. Salix sp. & S. populus; S„

purpurea.
Samadera indica. (wood &
bark). Quassia.
Samudra phena. Calcium.
Santalum album, (oil-
volatile) . Copaiba; & Eucarya spicata.
Scilla indica. (bulb). (Squill), Scilla maritima;
Urgenia scilla or U. mari-
tima.
Scopolia lurida. (leaves). Belladonna.
Sesamum indicum. (ex-
pressed oil from seeds). Olive oil.
Shorea robusta. (Resin). Pine resin.
Sida cardifolia. ((alkaloid). Epherdine.
Sinapis juncea (powdered
seed). _ Mustard.
Smilax chinensis. (syrup). Sarsaparilla syrup.
Smilax glabra; S. lanceae-
folia; Smilax ovalifolia;
S. sp of (Tseinapho,
Burm.). (root). Jamaica sarsaparilla.
324 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Soymida febrifuga, (bark

& decoction of bark). Oak bark & decoction of
Oak bark.
Squalus carcharias (liver
oil & lard). Cod Liver Oil & lard.
Strychnos nux-vomica;
(seeds & alkaloid). Cinchona and its alkaloids.
Styrax benzoin, (grown in
Govt, gardens in Ban-
galore) . Styrax benzoin; S. parallelo-
neurus; S. tonkinensis.
Tamarix gallica; Tamarix
orientalis. (gaUs). Oak galls.
Termanalia' arjuna. Digitalis & adrenalin.
Terminalia catappa. (ker-
'v nels). Sweet almonds.
Terminalia catappa. (oil). Almond oil.
Terminalia chebula. (dried
fruits). Oak-galls.
Terminalia catappa. (fruit-
powder) . Tannic acid.
Thevetia neriifolia; or T.
peruviana, (glucoside). Digitalis.
Tinospora cordifolia, root &
stem. Calumba root; Sassafras.
Toddalia aculeata. (root-
bark) . Cusparia bark & quinine;
(cinchona & its alkaloids).
Toddy poultice. Yeast poultice.
Tribulus terrestris. Barosma betulina; Uva Ursi.
Trichosanthes cordota. Calumba root.
Trichosanthes nervifolia,
(extract of fruit). Elaterium.
Triphala ointment. Calamine cerate.
Tyolophora asthmatica.
(root & leaves). Ipecacuanha and Sarsaparilla
Tyolophora indica.
(root & leaves). Ipecacuanha and Sarsaparilla
Typha angustifolia. Medicated cotton wool.
Urginia indica. (bulb). Urginea maritima or U.
Valeriana leschenaultic var, scilla (Squill).
brunoniana; hardwickii; &
wallichii; (root stalk). Valerian; Russian Sumbul-
root. (Valeriana officinalis).
Vateria indica. (resin). Pine resins.
 APPENDICES 325

Vernonia anthelmentica.
(seeds). Santonin; Santonica.
Viola odorata. Ipecacuanha.
Vitex pedicularis. Quinine.
Withania coagulans. Rennet.
Zingiber cassumunar; Z. ze-
rumbet. (Rhizome). . Ginger.

MISCELLANEOUS
Achyranthes aspera.
(plant). Yields on incineration a
large proportion of potash.
Aconitixm ferox & other
species (root). As a source of Aconitia.
Areca catechu (unexpand-
ed petioles). Form excellent splints,
Bambusa arundinacea. for fractures etc.
stems).
Blumea grandis. (plant). As a source of Camphor.
Calotrapis gigantea, is regarded in some parts as "Vegetable
mercury". I
Citrus bergamia (juice of
fruit). As a source of Citric acid.
Clitoria ternatea. (Syrup
of the flower). As a colouring agent.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis,
(petals). Substitute for litmus as a
test.
Musa sapientum. (leaves). Form excellent dressing for
blistered or excoriated sur-
faces; also as an imperme-
able covering, water^dress-
ing, and shades for the eyes
in ophthalmia.
Phyllanthus embhca.
(wood). As a means of clearing mud-
dy water.
Pterqcarpus santalijius.
(wood). As a colouring agent in
place of cochineal.
320 THE IiroiAN MATERIA MEDICA

Salicornia indica; S. bra-

chiata & other species,
(plant). Yield on. incineration large
quantities of Barilla.
Squalus carcharias
(Stearine). Substitute for Lard in phar-
macy.
Strychnos potatorum, As a means of clearing mud-
(seeds). dy Tvater.

Reference:—
(Pages 429—430 of "Bengal Pharmacopoeia".
1PubUcati07is referred:—
(1) Druary's Pharmacopoeia of India or Bengal Phar-
macopoeia (old edition).
(2) ^Indigenous drugs Inquiry: A review of the work by
Bt. Col. R. N. Chopra. (July 1939).
(3) Distribution of British Pharmacopoeia Drug. Plants
and their Substitutes growing in India, (1951) by S.
L. Nayar & I. C. Chopra.-
(4) Indian Crude Drugs, Minerals, Economic Produce,
Arts & Manufactures (Price List 1924) by S. N. De,
M.Sc., (Botany), B.Sc, (Geology).
 THERAPEUTIC INDEX OF DISEASES & AILMENTS
(with their Equivalents in Sanskrit) and their REMEDIES.

.N.B.—(1) Majority of Indian Preparations are in italics.

(2) Letters "P. H . ' T." herein, refer to "Practical
Homoeo Therapeutics" by Dr, J. B. Ghoshal.
(3) As all the drugs hereunder have been alphabeti-
cally treated in the main contents of this volume,
marking of Pages numbers against each was con-
sidered redundant.
1. ABORTION: Balsamodendron mukul.
( Garbhapata ):— Basella A.
(or Garbhasravam):— Brassica olerecea (P.H.T.)
Anona squamosa. Cassia tora. >
Artemisia vulgaris. ' Datura fastuosa.
Borax. Desrriodium T.
Carum Carui. Hydnocarpus I.
Euphorbia R. Indigofera A.
Tel bovinum purificatum.
Jasminum P. & S- CO

Ferula A. & F. Moringa pterygosperma.

Gymelina A. Papaver S.
Javarish-i-lulu. Si
CO
J s
Xi
Moringa pterygosperma. Pinus species.
Pandanus O. "j Peucedanum species.
T3 Phaseolus species.
Plumbago species. I C Plumbago zeylanica. s
Saccharum O. s
Viburnum F. Sesbania species.
Sida A. E
Solanum xanthocarpum.
2. ABSCESSES:
(Vidradhi)j— Squalus C. preparations.
Achyranthes aspera- Svalpa Masha Taila.
Amaranthus Poly. Tabemamontana species.
Viscum A. etc. o
-Ananas sativus (P.H.T.) O
-Anona squamosa. Zizyphus J. e t c to
328 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

3. ACIDITY (AnUapitta) or Ranunculus scleratus- (P.H.T.).

Vidagdhajeeranam):— Sinapus J. (chronic).
Aqua ptychotis. Strychnos N. (P.H.T.)
also intoxication from datura
Musa S.
Tamarindus I.
Pterocarpus M. (pyrosis).
Withania S. etc.
Sodium salts and preparations-
9. ALOPECIA:
Sulphur and its preparations.
(Indraluptham):—
Tamarindus indica.
4. ACNE: (Yawanpedaka: Abrus precatorius.
Youvanpitka):— Aloe barbadensis.
Citrus A. Bhringaraj taila.
Ferula G. Echpta E.
Randia D. Hedychium S.
Strychnos nux-vomica (P.H.T.) Hibiscus Rosa S.
yierminalia A. etc. Myristica F.
Myrtus C. «
5. AGALACTIA:— Plumbum and its Salts.
Ricinus communis (P.H.T.) Trichosanthes species.
Urtica urens (P.H.T.) 10. AMAUROSIS:
6. AGUE:— (Sleshmavidagdhadristu):
Andrographis P. Nicotiana tabacum.
Citrus L. Strychnos N.
Euphatorium A- 11. AMENORRHOEA:
Fumaria O.
Phoenix species. (Aarthavadhosha, Kshi-
Quinetum. nartav):—
Quinine. Aloe barbadensis.
Siegesbeckia O. etc. Aristolochia indica.
Artemisia vulgaris.
7. ALBUMINURIA: Balsamodendron My.
(Lalmoha or Lalamcham): Brassica A.
See also Bright's disease:— Butea frondosa.
Chandraprabha gutika. Carum carui.
Gokshuradi guggula. Crocus S.
Crotalaria J.
8. ALCOHOLISM: Elrythrina indica.
(Panathyaya); (Parama- Euphorbia T.
dapana; Madatyaya):— Foeniculam. V.
Avena sativa. (P.H.T.) Gossypium I. & H.
Citrus aurantium. (P.H.T.) Helleborus N.
Hyoscyamus. (P.H.T.). Hydrocotyle A.
Musa S. Hyssopus O.
Papaver somniferum. (P.H.T.). Parmelia P-
Ptychotis ajowan. (P.H.T.). Peganum H.
Pyrus malus. (P.H.T.). Rubia C.
 APPENDICES 3£»

Salvadora species. Apium G.

Sapindas T. Boerhavia D.
Semecarpus A. Calotropis G.
Sesamum I. Croton T.
Silicium salts. Cynodon D.
Sodium salts and preparations. Dasamuli haritaki.
Trianthema monogyna. Dugdhavati.
Vitis Q. Gmelina A.
Vitex T. Gudashtaka.
Helleborus niger. (P.H.T-)
12. ANAEMIA: Hygrophila S.
(Pandnroga);— Ichchavedi rasa.
Abhra bhasTna. Ichchavedi vatika.
Adhatoda vasika. Jatropha Mon.
Bisama-jarantak lauha. Maninandu. O

Brahat-Sarva-Jvara-hara Patoladya churna.

Lauha. Punarnavastaka. Ctt

Brihat Sudarshana Churna. Punarnava taila. ^3

Cinnabar. Rasa parpati.
Coccus lacca. Solanum & X.
Dhatri lauha or Leha- Sulachanamritahhra.
Emblica O. Suvarna or Swarna
Ferri Sulphas. parpati.
Hydrargyrum. Tartar Emet (P.H.T.)<
Jakridari lauha. Tryusha7iadi Lauha.
Kalpam. Urine (cow's and prepa-
Kalyanaksharam. rations.
Lauhabhasma. Urine (Ox's).
Lohasava. Varunadya guda.
Navayasa lauha. Vijaya parpati. ' _
Physalis species. 14. ANOREXIA:
Puta-Pak-Bisama Jvarantaka (Arochaka):—
lauha.
Semecarpus A. Amlica pana.
Svama-makshika. Amritakalpa rasa.
Trailokyachintaynaiii Rasa. Cervus dama.
Trigonella F. Cuminum C.
Tryushanadi Lauha. Drakshasava.
Visaviaivarantaka Lauha. Elettaria C.
Vitis. Emblica O.
Feronia E.
13. ANASARCA:— Gentiana K.
Achyranthes A. Jatiphaladya churna.
Aegle marmelos- Kapithaastaka churna.
Allium S. Pippali arista.
Alocasia I. Piper longum.
Apis. (P.H.T.). Quassia E.
330 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Ramahana rasa 18. APOPLEXY: (Saima;

Sodium salts, and its prepara- Sannyasa):— .
tions. Camphora O.
Vadavanal chuma- Croton T.
Garcinia P.
15. ANURIA: Helleborus N.
(Mutraghatana); See also Sinapis J.
"Diuretics":—
19. APPENDICITIS:
Allium sativum. (Aristolochia bracteata):
Ammonii Carbonas. Piper Nigrum.
Andropogon Muricatus.
Cyperus rotimdus. 20. ARDOR URINAE:
Iris P . CSee also:—Strangury):
Potassium salts. (Potasii Glycyrrhiza G.
Gmelina A.
carbonas).
Hibiscus Rosa S.
f ilicium salts, Punamava
odium salts and preparations. Silicium salts.
Strychnos N.
Leha.

21. ARTHRITIS:
16. APHONIA: (Svarabhanga; (Sandhivata):—
Mookatva or Vaksan- Acalypha I.
gam):— Adityapaka guggula.
Herpestis M. Anisomelos M.
Mangifera I. Balsamodendron M.
Nigella S. Chitra Kathi.
(rheumatic)
17. APHTHAE: (Sarvasara- Garcinia P. h _
mukharoga):— Gossypium herbaccum. j '~'
Acacia arabica. Solanum nigrum. |
Berberis A. ^ Thespesia populnea. J
Cajanus I.
in
Embelia R. Kuhja prasarini taila. ^
Emblica O. f o Linum U. .g
Eucalyptus G. I to Phaseolus species. r.^
Ficus R- J Ricinus C. j *g
Grahanihapata Rasa (Sprue). Saussurea L. J 3
Indigofera Tine. Semecarpus A. (acute).
Jasminum grandiflorum. Spilanthus O-
Lawsonia alba.
Myrica N. 1.§
Myrtus C. I cti
Rosa species. 1 S
Silicium salts. Squalus C. preparations.
Sodium salts and preparations Vitex N. etc.
Svalpakhadiravatika. \ .s
Tamarindus I.
Terminalia Cheb.
 APPENDICES 331

22. ASCARroES:— 24. ASTHMA: (Svasakasam);

Indigofera tinctoria. (P.H.T.) Shwas (Tamaka); See also
"Expectorants"):—
23. ASCITES: (Jalodhara);
See:—Purgatives and Liver Abhra bhasma.
tonics:— Abies W.
Acetic acid (P.H.T.). Acalypha indica-
Achyranthes A. Achyranthes aspera.
Ammonii Carbonus. Acorus calamus.
Andropogon I. Adhatoda V.
Apang Kshar. Aegle marmelos.
Arsenic (P.H.T.). Ailanthus E.
Boerhavia D. & R. Alhagi maurorurn.
Calotropis G. Allae pauk.
Cedrus deodara. Allium sativum.
Citrullus C. Aloe B.
Clitoria T. Alum (P.H.T.).
Crataeva N. Althaea O.
Croton T. Andropogon C.
Dugdhavati. Aplotaxis auriculata.
Hygrophila S. Arsenic, white.
Ichchhavedi rasa. Bambusa A.
Ichchhavedi vatica. Banga bhasma with copper.
Jalodarari Ra^a. Beninkasa C. '
Kalyanakshara.m. Blatta OrientaUs (P-H.T.).
Luffa E. Boerhavia diffusa.
Mahanaracha Rasa. Borax.
Manmandu. Calotropis gigentea.
Moringa P- Camphora O.
Naracha rasa. Carum copticum.
Patoladya ChiLrnam. Cassia S.
Pavetta I. Cervus dama.
Piper longum. Chaturmukha Rasa.
Plumbago zeylanica & R. Cinnamomum tamala. ,
Potassium salts. ' Coleus A.
Punamavastaka. Cowrie bhasma.
Rasayanamrita Leha. Crocus S.
Semecarpus A. Cubeba officinalis. (P.H.T.)
Serpent poison preparations. Daemia E.
Sodium salts and preparations. Datura A. & F.
Sonchus species. Diamond bhasma, with vasaka,
Sulphur and its preparations. long pepper, and sugar-
Suvarna parpati. Ephedra vulgaris.
Urine (cow's) and prepara- Efythroxylon C.
tions. Euphorbia N. P. & Tir.
Varunadya guda. Ferula A. F. & G.
Visa.-majvarantaka Lauha. Ficus R.
332 THE INDIAN 2VIATERIA MEDICA

Flacourtia C. Semecarpus A.
Galega E. Sinhanada guggula.
Glycyrhiza glabra. Solanum I. & X-
Gorochanam, due to worms). Squalus C. preparations.
Grahani mihira taila. Stanrium preparations.
Hedyotis U. Strychnos I. & S. Nux-vomica,
Hedysarum A. (P.H.T.).
Hingvadi Dhuvi. Styrax B.
Hygrophila- S. (Coiigh). Sulphur and its preparations.
Hyocyamus N- Suryavartha Rasa.
Hyssopus O. Suvarna Bhasma.
Indigofera Tine. Swasahhairava Rasa
Jatiphaladi churnavi. Swasa Chintaviani.
Justicia adhatoda. Swasa Gajankusa.
Kalyanaksharam. Swasakasa Chudamani.
i^anakasava. Swasa Kuthar Rasa-
•Khaphaketu rasa. Talisadya Churna.
Katphaladi Churna. Termanalia C.
Khandakooshmanda. Tylophora A.
Kumariasava. Urtica D.
Lectuca S. Vasakushmanda kanda.
Lavangadi Churna. Vasava Leha.
Lycopersicum E. Verbascum T.
Mahalakshmibilas. Vijaya Vati.
Mahasvasari Lauha. Vitis Q. etc.
Mrityanjaya Rasa. Zinc salts and preparations.
Mukta Bhasma. Zingiber O. & Z.
Myrica N.
Myristica F. 25. BALANITIS:—
Nicotina T- Basella A.
Opuntia Lillenii. 26. BALDNESS:
Papaver S. See "Alopecia".
Peganum H.
Picrorrhiza Kurroa. 27. BARRENNESS:
Piper longum, & nigrum, & See "Sterility".
chaba. 28. BED SORES:
Pippali Arista. See "Sores".
Pippuladi Lauha.
Pistacia integerrima. 29. BILIOUSNESS:
Polyporus O. (Pitthadhikyam);—See
Potassii Nitrus. also Diseases of the^
Potassium salts. Liver:— **
Premna herbacea. Adhatoda vasika.
Randia D. Andrographis paniculata.
Rhus S. Andropogon Muricatus.
Sassurea L. Cassia fistula.
Scindapsus O. Cinnamomum camphora-
 APPENDICES 333

Cuminum cyminum. Cupri sulphas.

Cyperus rotundus. Curcuma L.
Eclipta Erecta. Cyperus R.
Emblic myrobolum. Dilute Acetic acid (P.H.T.)
Feronia E. Eclipta E.
Garcinia X. Euphorbia Tir.
Hibiscus A. Ferula A.
Ipomoea turpethum. Gloriosa S.
Lavandula S. Mucuna P.
Lycopersicum E. Nerium O.
Santalum album. Saturated solution of salt put
Mentha S. (vomiting). in eyes (P.H.T.)
MoUugo cerviana. Tamarindus indica (P.H.T.)
Momordica C. (Insect):—Cassia alata.
Nicotina T. (giddiness).
Piper longum. Gloriosa superba. 1
Ptychotis A. I '^
Saccharum officinarum.
Sphaeranthus,H. etc.
Goleus A. r1 '^
g
Tamarindus. I. Hibiscus P. J ^
Trapa B. etc. (Venomous reptiles):—
Viola species. Acetic acid (P.H.T.)
Vitis vinifera. Alum (P.H.T.)
Zingiber O. Atrocarpus integrifolia leaves.
Ziziphus J. etc. Butter milk (P.H.T.)
Earthworm ( P . H . T . )
30. BITES: (Daunsha or Eclipta alba.
Damsam ):— (Scorpion Euphatorium A.
and Insects):— Fowls (P.H.T.)
Achyranthes aspera. Heliotropium indicum.
Allium C. & Sativum. Indigofera tinctoria.
Argemone M. Musa sepientum trees' juice.
Aristolochia I. Nictotiana tobacum (P.H.T.)
Bryophyllum calycinum. Piper longum & chaba.
Camphora officinarum (P.H.T)- Potash permanganate (P.H.T.)
Feronia elephantum. Rauwolfia S.
Helitropium I. Sapindas trifoliatus.
Ocimum basilicun^ Strychnos N.
(Scorpion):— (Venomous insects):—
Alum (P.H.T.) Feronia E.
Ammonii Carbonas. Indigofera Tinct.
Boerhavia diffusa. Kalanchoe L.
Calotropis gigantea. Ptychotis A.
Carica P. , Ranwolfia S.
Cissampelos P. Sacchrum O.
Citric acid (P-H.T.) Sapindas T.
Citrullus C. (Serpent):—
334 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Aegle marmelos. Banga Bhasma.

Aristolochia indica. Basella A.
Lavendula B. Bryophyllum calycinuna.
Luffa Am. Butea frondosa.
(Dog):— Cinnamomum camphora.
Moringa P. Curcuma L.
(Leech):— Diospyros embryopteris.
Polyporous O. Gynandropsis P.
(Venomous & Rabid
animals):— Haridra khanda.
(1) Alangiiim lamarckii. Heliotropium I.
(2) Cephalandra indica. Khadirastdka-
(3) Indigofera tinctoria. Lippia N.
(4) Sapindas T. Melia azadirachta.
(5) X-anthium strumarium. Mirabilis J..
.(Rat):-
Strychnos N. Oxalis corniculata.
, Peucedanum species.
31. BLADDER Piper species.
COMPLAINTS: See Praval hhasv^a.
"Cystitis" and "Urinary
complaints" Pterocarpus M.
Saccharum O.
32. BLISTER:—See "Ulcers". Sapindas T.
Santalum album.
33. BLOOD DISEASES:
(See also Leprosy, Scro- Saxifraga L.
fula, Syphilis, Sldn Sesbama species.
diseases &c.):— Sida A. & C.
Stannum preparations. Strychnos P.
(Parasites):— Symplocos R.
Sulphur and its preparations. Tamarindus I.
(Impurity):—
ToddaHa A. etc-
Anthocephalus C.
Diospuros E. Trichosanthes C.
Hemidesmus I. Vitex N. & T.
Mimosa P. Zyzyphus J. etc.
Trichosanthes C.
Tylophora A. 35. BOWEL
COMPLAINTS:—
34. BOILS: (Visphota; Vid-
hradhi; Peetika; or Anacyclus P.
Pitika):— Andropogon N.
Acacia catechu. Eucalyptus G.
Allium cepa. Euphorbia T.
Anona squamosa. Grahanikapata Rasa.
Asparagus racemosus. Holarrhena A.
 APPENDICES 335

Spongia O-
(Pains) :—
^ Sula gaja kesari.
Vitis Q. etc.
o Woodfordia F.
Oryza S.
r 3 36. BRAIN AFFECTIONS:
Ricinus O. (Cerebral Congestion):—
I 3 Garcinia P .
Hedysarum G.
(Fag):-
Avena Sativa (P.H.T.)
J ! Herpestis M.
Chronic:—
Makaradvaja.
Akara-karabhadi churna. Musa sapientum (bananas)
Dadimastaka. (P.H.T.)
Dugdhavati. (Meningitis):—
Kalu bhasma. Panchavahtra Rasa.
Manmandu.' Payaesam or ksheer of
Ostrea E- and its preparations. Achyranthes aspera.
Punica G. (Lo,ss of memory):—
Sida A. Magzsudhi.
Suvama Parpati. Majoonai Kuvathiabah.
(Rectal prolapse):— Stannum preparations.
Oxalis C. Vrihat Panchamula.
(Irritations):— Withania S. etc.
Papaver S.
Peucedanum species. 37. BRIGHT'S DISEASE:
(Catarrh) :— (Chronic):—
Phaseolus species. Juniperis C.
(Obstructions):— Urginia I. etc-
Picrorrhiza kurroa. Sodium salts and preparations.
Pimpinella A. (With dropsy):—
Rubia C. Shoathahar Loha.
(Tympanites):— Tribulus T.
Piper species. Tryushanadi Lauha.
Plantago I. Vitis V.
(Ulceration):—
Plantago I. 38. BRONCHITIS:
Portulaca species. (Kas-Cough) (Cough-
Ranwolfia S. janya) Pittajanyakasa):—
(Duodenal catarrh):— See ("Expectorants" and also
Rheum E. "Respiratory Diseases":—
Saline substances. Abies W.
(Spasms):— Acalypha indica.
Sinapis J. Aconitum nepellus (P.H.T.)
(Inflammation):— Acorus C.
Spinacea O.
 336 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Adhatoda V. Pinus species.

Aegle marmelos. Piper cubeba^ & betel.
Ailanthus E. & M. Potassium salts.
(Chronis):—. Rajamriganka Rasa.
Allium C. Randia D.
Amhritashatakapachana. Rhus S.
Asphaltum. Ruta G.
Borax. Semecarpus A.
Brihat Singarabhra. Solanum Xanthocarpum.
Calotropis gigantea. Strychnos N.
Carum copticum- Styrax B.
Chandramrita rasa. Sulphur corrected with
Cinnamomum camphora. tricatu-churna and ghee.
Clitoria T. Terminalia chebula.
Diamond bhasma with long Urgina I.
•> pepper and sugar. Vidarigandadigana Quath.
"vDipterocarpus T. Zingiber officinale.
•Euphorbia P .
Ferula G. 39. BUBOES: (Bada
Sulphur and its preparations. Vamkshanagrandhi):—
(Children's) :— Amaranthus poly.
Aquilaria A. Arum C.
Asclepias A. Ficus H.
Boswellia G.
Cephalandra I. 40. BURNING OF PALMS
Croton T. AND SOLES OF FEET:—
Cubeba O.
Eladi churnam. (Hastadaha; Padadaha):—
Eletteria C. Hedyotis U.
Eucalyptus G. (Soles of feet) :—
Ferula A. Lagenaria V.
Flacourtia C. Mesua F.
Glycyrrhiza G- Momordica C.
Herpestis M. Urgina I. e t c
Hyssopus O.
Ipomoea D. 41. BURNING SENSATION:—
Lactuca S. Andropogon muricatus.
Lavangadi churnam. Cinnamomum camphora.
Linum U. Crataeva religiosa (in soles of
Lycopersicum E. the feet).
Madanadi-vamana. Cyperus rotandus.
Majoonai Sual. Ghee.
Musa paradisiaca. Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Myristica M. Hemidesmus indicus.
Papaver S. Mesua ferrea (in soles of the
Phoenix species. feet).
Pimpinella A, Mollugo cerviana.
 APPENDICES 387

Pterocarpus santalinus. Citrus limonum.

Rose-water. Coleous aromaticus.
Crataeva R.
42. BURNS & SCALDS: Dolicos Bif.
(Agnidagdha-yrana; Dagdha- Erigeron C.
vrana):^— Gokshuradi Guggula.
See also "Antiseptics" Hygrophila S.
Aloe barbadensis. Indigofera G.
Basella A. Lawsonia A.
Bicarbonate of Soda (P.H.T.) Moringa P.
Cocos N. Papaver S-
Flour and lard applied in equal Pavetta I.
parts. Pedalium M.
Ghee. (P.H.T.) Potassium salts.
GossjTpium I. & H. P y r u s species.
Indigofera T. Raphanus S.
Lawsonia A. Salvadora P . & O .
l i m e Liniment (P.H.T.) (Uric acid):—
Linum U. Saxifraga L.
Mangifera I. Silicium salts.
Manjishtadya ghrita. Sida R.
Mel depuratum. Solanum Xanthocarpum.
Mentha piperata oil (P-H.T.) (Urinary):—
Oryza S. Spinacea O. etc.
Portulaca species. Styrax B.
Rubia C. Tribulus T.
Rumex C. Vitex V.
Saccharvun O. (Stone in the bladder):—
Sesamum L Trivikrama rasa.
Silicium salts. Urgina I. etc.
Solanum T. See also "Diuretics" in
Terminalia Cheb. Appendix I.
Trigonella F .
Triticum S. 45. CANCER (Mansarbhuda;
Urtica D. Valmeekam):—
Zinc salts and preparations- Acacia catechu.
Citrus limonum (PM.T.)
43. CACHEXIA:— Indigofera A.
Squalus C. preparation. Kaempfera R.
Strychnos C. etc. Papaver S.
Taraxacum O. etc. Xanthium S. etc.
44. GALCUU: (Ashman 46. CARBUNCLE: (Calpuli;
Sikata):— Vinata-pramehapitaka)—
Acorus calamus. See also "Boils".
Boerrhavia diffusa. Camphor spirits and lime water
Bombax Malabaricum. equal parts (P.H.T.) •
22
338 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Curd. Hordeum V. ' € -

Daemia E. Ithrphal.
Kalagnirudra rasa. Kapha ketu rasa,
Lauha hhasma. Musa S.
Nitric acid (P.H.T.) Nigella sativa.
Papaver S. Piper species,
Saccharum O. Ptychotis A. i^
Santalum album. (laryngeal):— . .
Vateria I. Rumex C.
Withania sonmifera. (bronchial):—
Zizyphus J. etc. Santalum A.
Solanum D. & X .
47. CATARACT:— Swertia C. etc.
Colchicum (P.H.T.) Utrica D.
48. CATARRH: (Nasal): Vitex N. etc.
' (Prathisyayam):— Vitis V.
X^ See also "Antiphlogistics". 49. CEPHALALGIA:—
Aconitum ferox & nepelliis. Asclepias A.
Agati G. Bassia La.
Allium C- Eclipta E.
Aristolochia I. Emblica O.
Michelia C
3 Nelumbium S.
4) Saussurea L.
Mesua F. OB
C 50. CHANCRE: (Dustavrana;
CB
Ocimum S. 60 Upadamsha; Mehavrana):—
g See "Sores"; "SyphUis" anti
Sesbania G. "Ulcers"
O
S 51. CHICKEN-POX:
fKanjinya):—
Curcuma L.
(Fever):—
Alstonia S. 52. CHLOROSIS:
Andropogon C. (Panduroga):—
(chronic):— Balsamodendron My.
Balsamodendron O. Crocus S.
Baleria P. Gossypium I.
Barringtonia A.
Basella A. 53. CHOLERA: (Vishuefair
Calotropis gigantea. Vishoochika; Phatkee):—
Coriandrum S. See:—^Vomiting, Diarrhoea
Curcuma L. and Demulcents.
Eclipta E. Achyranthes aspera.
Erythroxylon C. Andropogon C , Mur., & N.
Glycyrrhiza glabra. Aplotaxis auriculata.
 APPENDICES 339

Brassica A. 57. COLDS: (Amadosham;

Bryophyllum calyoinum. . Jaladosham).
Calotropis gigantea. See also "Catarrh".
Capsicum A. Abies Webbiana.
Mucuna pruriens. Allae pauk.
Sapindas trifoliatus. Allium sativum-
(infantum):— Caryophyllus aromaticus.
Camphora officinarum (P.H.T.) Centipeda O.
Carum copticum. Ceropegia B.
Cinnamomum qpimphora. Citrus acida (P.H.T.)
Coffea A. Citrus B.
Cyperus R. Coriandrum sativum.
Euphatorium A. Curcuma L.
Gorochanam. Erythroxylon C.
Mentha P. Ithraphal.
Moschus moschiferous.
(cramps):— Moschus moschiferous.
Cuprum acet (P-H.T.) Piper nigrum. •
Hyoscyamus (P.H.T.) Ptychotis A.
Kaolin (P.H.T.) Zingiber O.
Papaver somniferimi.
Piper nigrum. 58. COUC: (ShllIa):—
Podophyllum emodi (P.H.T.) (flatulent):—
Potassii nitras. Achyranthes aspera.
Ptychbtis A.
Ranwolfia S. Acorus C
Serpent poison preparations. Anthemis N.
Sinapis J. Asphaltum (Silaiit).
Strychnos I. Carbonate of Soda-
(collapse):— Caryophyllus aromaticus.
Verbena oil.
Zingiber O. Cinnamomum tamala.
CitruUus eolocynthis.
54. CHOREA:— Coriandrum S.
Hermodactylus G. Crocus S.
Nardostachys J.
Valeriana species. Ferula A. & F.
Fiscus Benja.
55. CHYLURIA:—
(Pisthameha):— Pimpinella A.
Symplocos R. Ruta G.
(infant):—
58. CIRRHOSIS:
Alocasia I.
(Yakraddalyudara; Yak-
rith-vriddhi). Aloe B.
(Infantile). Caryophullus aromaticus,
Luffa E. Coleus A.
Potassium salts. Altingia E.
 .340 THE INDIAN MATERIA IVIEDICA

Papaver S.
Peganum H.
Anisomeles M.
Piper species.
Apium G.
Asparagus R. Potassii carbonas and Salts.
/ Premna integrifolia-
Sarringtonia A.
Caesalpinia B- I Ptychotis A.
Randia D.
Ranwolfia S.
(Chronic):— Ricinus communis.
Cannabis S. (lead) :—
Capparis A. Saccharum O.
Carum copticum. Saline substances.
Cassia F. Sapindas T.
Chaturushana chuma. Shanka bhasma.
Clerodendron Infor. Sida C.
Clitoria T. (renal):—
(Soriandrum sativum. Siegesbeckia O. etc.
Ferula foetida. Sinapis J.
Foeniculam V. Solanum I.
Galega P . Sula gaja kesari.
Gandhakadi vati. Sulphur and its preparations.
Gendarussa V. Tamarindus I.
Glorios S. Terminalia Cat. & Cheb.
(due to worms):— Trigonella F.
Grahini-mihira Taila. Vitex N- etc.
(colitis):— Zingiber O.
Holarrhena A.
Hyoscyamus niger. 59. COMA: (Sannyasa).
Hyssopus O. See "Fainting".
lUicium V- 60. CONCEPTION:—
Jatiphaladi chumam. Abroma augusta (P.H.T.)
Kalyanakshdram.
Lavendula S. 61. CONJUNCTIVITIS:
(painter's):— ( Abhishyanda ):—
Linum U. Aloe L.
Luffa E. Alumen.
Madanadi VamaTia. Berberis asiatica.
Mahanaracha Rasa. Bombax malabaricum.
Melaleuca L. • Cassia auri.
(gastric):— Coleus A.
Mentha P. Coptis T.
Mucuna P . (chronic):—
Myristica F . Coriandrum S.
Nardostachys J. Emblica O.
Nicotiana T. Erythrina I.
Paederia F. Memecylon F.
Paeonia E. Osepie & its preparations.
 APPENDICES 341

Ricinus C. Tamarindus I.
(chemosis):— Taraxacum (P.H.T.)
Strychnos P. Trivrit Leyham.
Zincum. Tumhuradya Chuma.
62. CONSTIPATION: 63. CONSUMPTION::
(Anaha; Malabandham): (Kshyaya; Rajayakshma).
See also "JLaxatives, See aho "Plewrisy" and
Purgatives". Expectorants)
Acalypha I. See also "Phthisis''
Acorus calamus. Tuberculosis.
Alocacia I. Abies Webbiana,
Aloe barbadensis. Ahhra Bhasma.
BerthoUetia E. Adhatoda vasika.
Beta v . Agasti-haritaki.
(habitual):— Allium sativum.
Cassia absus & O. & F. Balsamodendron mukull
angustifolia. Bambusa arundinacea
Euonymus A. (Bamboo maima).
Sulphur and its preparations. Beninkasa C.
Bezoar. Dhanvantri tailam.
Fel bovis. Draksharista.
Clitoria T. Emblic myrobalan.
Emblica O. Hemidesmus indicus-
Gandhakadi chuma. Hydnocarpus wightiania.
Gandhdka Kalka. Ipomoea digitata •& I.
Gulkhand. turpethum.
Ichchavedivatica. Kumari asava.
(chronic):— Lakshadi Taila.
Ithrphal- Mel depuratum.
Strychnos N. Myrtus communis (P.H.T.) ^
Jatropha Mon. Narayana Taila.
Kalyana-ksharam. Narikelakhanda.
Lens E. (pu Imonary ) : —
Naracha chuma. Papaver somniferum.
Naracha Rasa. Pinus deodara.
Papaver somniferum, (P.H.T.) Piper longum.
Picrorrhiza kurroa. Squalus C. preparatigns.
Piper species. Tinospora cordifolia,
Pranadi gutika. Vitis V.
Psidium G. Withania S- etc.
Pyrus malus, (P.H.T.)
Rosebay. 64. CONTUSIONS:—
(Obstinate):— (See:—Inflammations &
Rukkeshee Rasa. Antiphlogistics).
Stannum preparations. Aplotaxis auriculata.
Strychnos nux-vomica- Cera flava.
 342 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

65. CONVALESCENCE:— Eucalyptus G.

Quinetum. Euphorbia P.
Sida A. Myristica M.
Toddalia A. etc.
70. COUGH: (Kasa):—
66. CONVULSIONS:
(Aakshepaka; Apas- (See also: "Expectoranfcs")
maram):— Abies W.
(Infantile):— Abrus precatorius.
AlUum C. & S. Acacia Arabica.
Cassia O. Aconitum heterophyllum.
Ferula foetida. Acorus calamus.
Ruta G. Adhatoda V.
(puerperal):— Allae pauk.
Gardenia F. Allium C.
Gorochanam. • Aloe barbadensis.
Gynandropsis P. Alpinia officinarum.
"^Mosha Taila. Alumen.
'Nardostachys J. Anisochilus C.
Ovapana. [ Aplotaxis auriculata.
Sinapis J- Balsamodendron O. 1 .
Svalparasuna Pinda. Bambusa arundinacea. | "c?
67. CORNS: (Kadara;
Keelakam):—
• Coleus A-
Myrica N.
Ovapana.
I
•s
Anacardium .O, Solanum T. • §
Carica P . Trigoneim F. J 5i^
Jasminum G.
Oxalis C. Beninkasa C.
(Inveterate):— Cervus dama.
Urgina I. etc. Chaturushana Churnam.
Cinnamomum C. I. M. & T.
68. CORPULENCE: Cochlospermum G.
(Stfiukta):— Coriandrum sativum.
See also:—"Obesity". Cowrie hhasma.
Aplotaxis auriculata. Dhatrimodaka.
Boswellia glabra ^P.H.T.) Draksharista.
Crataeva N. Ferula foetida.
Dolichos Bif. Galega P.
Gardenia G. Gendurussa V.
Mel depuratum. Glycyrrhiza G.
Silajit. Herpestis monniera.
Varunadya Guda. Hibiscus Rosa S.
Hrasva panchamula.
69. CORYZA: (Pratishyaya; (Spasmodic):—
Jaladosham ):— Hyoscyamus N.
Chaturushana Churnam. Illicium verum.
Curcuma L Jatiphaladya Churna.
 APPENDICES 343

Kapha ketu Rasa. 72. CROUP: (Svaragneekasa;

Nicotina T. Swarabhangam;
Poljrporus O. Swaraglma).
Solanum I. & X. ArJstolochia indica.
Squalus C. preparations. Carica P.
Styrcix E. Cinnamomum zeylanicum.
Hyssopus O. Eucalyptus G.
Indigofera Pul. Ocimum basilicum.
Kantakaryava Leha- (Spasmodic):—
Katphaladi Churnn. Kaolin (P.H.T.)
Lavattgadi Chumam. Urgina I.
Mukta Bhasma.
Myristica M. 73. CYSTITIS: (Mutroulca-
Panchakola Chumam. sada; Moothrakrichram):—
Papaver S. (See also: "Diuretics").
Piper species. Abutilon I.
Pippali Arista. Acacia A.
Rhus succedanea. Aconitum nepeUus (P.H.T.)
SaussureaJui • Andropogon muricatus.
Scilla I. .. Cannabis sativa fP.H;T.) \
(phlegmatic):— Cantharis (P.H.T.)
Scindapsus O.
Semecarpus anacardium. Cissampelos parreira. ^ 'JJ'
Sesamum jndicum. Corchorus C
Sinapis J. Cyperus rotundus
Solanum N- Santalum A
Solanum Xanthocarpum.
Sringyadi Churna. Erigeron C.
Tylophora A. Eucalyptus G.
(distressing);— (Catarrh of bladder):
Styrax B. Gmelina A.
Sulphur and its preparations. Hemidesmus indicus.
Talisadya Churna. Hibiscus Rosa S.
Tamarix G. etc. Linum U.'
Terminalia B. & Cheb. Liquidambar O.
Vasava Leha. Mollugo cerviana.
Verbascum T. Phaseolus species.
Viola species. Sida C.
Vitis V. Tribulus T-
Zingiber O. & Z. (spasm of bladder):—
Yemonia C. etc.
71. CEACKS IN HANDS:— Zincum.
Calendula Officinalis (P.H.T.)
74. DANDRUFF:—
71(a) CKAMPS:— (Sirakandoo):—
See: Tailors' cramp and Canabis S. or C. I.
writers' cramp. Citrus B.
344 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Euphorbia T. Michelia C.
Indigof era A. ' Myristica F .
(violent):—
75. DEBILITY: (Asaktata; Papaver S.
Balakshyam; Kshina- Potassium salts.
Roga). Sinapis J .
See also "Tonics", Zizyphus J. etc.
"Aphrodisiacs".
Aconitum H. 77. DIABETES MELLITUS
Agniihundi vati. & INSIPIDUS:—
Asvagandha ghrita. (Madhu-meha)
Alstonia S. (Udak-meha).
Andrographis paniculata. Abroma augusta (P-H.T.)
Banga Bhasma. Acacia A.
Curculigo O. (for old age). Aconitum F.
Emblica O. Alpinia G.
Evolvulus A- Bangeshwara Rasa.
(nervfeis):— Basanta Kusumakara Rasa.
Hibiscus A. & S. Brihat Kasturi Bhairub.
Makaradhvaja. Brihat Samanatha Rasa.
Trapa B. etc. Cassia Auri.
(constitutional):— Cassia F.
Chyavanaprasha. Cassia S.
Ipomoea digitata. Cephalandra indica.
Kameshwar moddk. ^ Citrus A.
Kariyat. Curcuma longa.
Lepidium S. Cj^perus Rotimdus.
Mahalakahmibilaa Rasa. Emblica O.
Majoonai-kuvathiahah. Emblic myrobalan.
Mandura Loha. Eriodendron A.
Melia Azadi. Erythrina I.
Myristica M. Eugenia J-
Phoenix species. Ficus G. & B.
Soymida F, Ganganadhi Lauha.
Toddalia A. Guazuma T.
Trapa B- Gymnema S.—a specific.
Tribulus terrestris, Helicteres I. '
Vasanta Kusumakara Rasa. Ipomoea digitata.
Withania S. etc. Kadalyadi ghrita.
Lodoicea S.
76. DELIRIUM: Mengifera I.
(Vibhrama):— Mel depuratum.
Agaricus (P.H.T.) Momordica charantia (P.H.T.)
Camphora O. Musa Paradisica & Musa S.
Capsicum frutescens & Nymphoea species.
minimum. Orchis M-
Lagenaria V. Papaver S.
 APPENDICES 34&'^

Phyllanthus species. Ferri sulphas.

Plumbum (P.H.T.) Galiga P.
Pongamia G. Gangadhara Churna (laghu &
P r u n u s Amygdalus. hrihat).
Psidium G. Garcinia M.
Rourea S. Grahani kapata Rasa-
Rubia cordifolia. Hemidesmus indicus.
Sattgilo or Palo. Mahagandhak.
Scilla indica (P.H.T.) Myristica fragrans.
Somanatha Rasa. Orchis M.
Stannum preparations. Papaver somniferum.
Strychnos N. & P . Plumbum and its salts.
Syzygiimi jambulanum Punica G.
(P.H.T.) Rasanjatiadi churna.
Tarakeshvara Rasa. Santalum album.
Terrainalia chebula. Strychnos P.
Tinospora cordifolia. Swama parpati.
Triphala. TerminaUa cheb.
Valeriana for diabetes insipidis Vitis V.
(P.H.T.) (Ordinary):—
Vangeshvara Rasa. Agaricus A. & O.
Vasanta Kusumakara Rasa. Amaranthus Poly.
Vitis vinijera. Annona R. & S.
Vrihat Vangeshvara Rasa. Areca C.
Yeast, extract of (P.H.T.; B a d maTmalade.
Balachaturbhadraka.
78. DIARRHOEA: Barringtonia A.
(Atisara):— Bauhinia V.
Acacia A. C. & S. Butea F.
Achyranthes aspera. Caesalpinia D. & S.
Aconitum heterophyllum. Cedrus D.
Acorus calamus- Changeri ghrita.
Agnikumara Rasa. Cinnamomum C. M. T. &
(chronic):— Zeylanicum.
Aegle M. Cisssmpelos pareira.
Alstonia S. Cylesta S.
Anandd Bhairava Rasa. Cyperm P . & R.
Arsenious acid. Diospyrps E.
Asphaltum (Silajit). Dugdhvati.
Bhooninibadi Chumam. Elephantopus S.
Bombax' "malabaricum. Emblica O.
Cannabis S. Feronia F.
Carica P . Flacourtia C
Coffefa A. (acute & chronic):—
Cuminum cyminum. (Pakwa-atisar).
Gynodon D. Holarrahena A.
Eugenia J. Vajrakapata Rasa.
:346 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Hriveradi. Sodium salts and preparations.

Isaphgul-ka-chilka. Soymida F .
Ixora C. Spongia O.
Jatiphaladi gutika. (atonic):—
J a t r o p h a C. Strychnos N.
Jawarish-a-kammon. Terminalia B. C- & T.
Jirakadi Modaka. Tabemampntana species.
Kalanchoe L. Tamarix G. etc.
Kalu Bhasma. Terminalia A. & B.
Kapiihashtaka Chuma. Toddalia A. etc.
Karpura Rasa. Trapa B. etc.
Kutajarishta- (puerperal):—
Kutajashtaka. Trigonella F.
Lepidium S. Tylophora A,
Mangifera I. Urine (Ox's).
Musa S. Vitex N. etc.
^^(summer i& choleraic):— Woodfordia F .
Myristica F. Zincum.
Myrtus C. Zingiber O.
Nigella S. Zizyphus J- etc.
Njmiphoea species.
Ostrea E. & its prepai-ations. 79. DIPHTHERIA:
Paederia foetida. (Kantharohini):—
Poenia F. Capsicum A.
Papaver S. Citrus limonum (P.H.T.)
Parmelia P . Eucalyptus G.
Physalis species. Mentha P .
Plantago ispagula. Sodium salts and preparations.
Pongamia G.
Pterocarpus M. 80. DIPSOMANIA:
"Ptychotis A- (Ooiunada):—
Quercus I. Capsicum A.
Randia D. Coriandrum S.
(also teething):— Ptychotis A.
Rheum E. Zinc salts and preparations..,
(infantile):—
(Baldroga-atisar). 81. DROPSY: (Sotham;
Rhus S. Shoafa Shwayathu;
Ricinus C. Udaram-Sopham);
(with high fever):— (Shotha);
Sambunath Rasa. (See also "Diuretics" &
Sindapsus O. 'Liver affections" & 'Pur-
Sesbania species. ^ " gatives' "Stomach com-
Shankhavati. '' plaints") (Shoparaga).
Shorea R. ' (Svayathu):—
Shulaharanayoga. Achyranthus A.
Silicium salts. Adityapaka guggula.
 APPENDICES 347

Aegle M. Symplocos R. etc.

Allium sativum. Taraxacum O. etc.
Amrita guggula. Terminalia B.
Argemone M. Tribulus terrestris.
Asparagus O. Trigonella F .
Azina T. Triphala guggula.
Balsamodendron Mukul. (cardiac):—
Bauhinia V. Urgina I. etc.
Blatta Orientglis (P.H.T.) Vahni Rasa.
Boerhavia diffusa (P.H.T.) Vatari Rasa-
& repens.' Vernonia C. etc.
Calotropis gigantea. Yogaraja guggula.
Citrullus colocynthis. Zingiber Officinale.
Cocculus C.
Croton T. 82. DYSENTERY: (Aamati-
Euonymus. sara; Athisara; Aainansha;
Euphorbia N. Aavartaka; Pravahika):^-
(hepatic):— (See also : "Demulcents"
•Galega P . & "Digestives"):—
Helleborus N- Acacia A. & C.
Hermodactylus G. Acorus calamus.
HygrophUa S. Adhatoda V.
Indigofera Tinct. (chronic):—
Ipomoeah H. P. & T. Aegle M.
Jalodarari Rasa. Agaricus O.
Juniperus C.>x Ailanthus glandulosa (PJi,T.)
Kaisara guggula. Ailanthus M.
Kanchanara guggula. Allium C.
Ijokanatha Rasa. Aloe L.
Moringa P . Alstonia S-
Mucxina P. Alumen.
Nigella S. Anona S.
(renal):— Asclepias A. & C.
Pavetta I. Asparagus A.
Picrorhiza Kurrooa. Bael marmalade.
Piper nigrum. Balsamodendron O.
Punarnavadi tnandxir. Bambusa arundinacea
Rubia C (Bamboo manna).
Sadanga guggula. Bauhinia T. & V.
ScUIa I. Bhoonimhadi Churnam.
Urgina I. Bilva Panchaka.
(anaemia):— Bixa O.
ShoathaJiar Loha. Bombax malabaricum.
Solanum Xanthocarpum & Butea F.
nigrum. Caesalpinia S.
Sterospermum suaveolens. Calotropis gigantea.
Strychnos I. Cannabis S
348 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Careya A. Gossypium I., R. & H.

Cinnamomum tamala & Gracilaria L.
zeylanicum- Grahani-kapata Rasa.y
Cuminum cyminum. Grewia P.
Cyperus rotimdus. Hermodactylus G.
Diospyros E. Hibiscus P .
Eucalyptus G. Holarrhena A.
Eugenia J. • Hydrocotyle A.
Ferri sulphas. Isaphagal-ka-chiUia.
Musa S. Ixora C.
Orchis M. Jatiphaladi gutikat
Pterocarpus species. Kalanchoe L-
Rheiun E. Kapithashtdka Churna-.
Rumex C. Kutaja Leha.
Shankavati. Kutajarishta.
Sida C. . ; Kutaiastaka.
S t r y c h n ^ N. Litsea S.
Sulphur and its priepaf ations. Luffa Am.
(chronic, infantile):— Symplecos R.
Cedrela T. (bleeding):—
Cedrus D. Mangifera I.
Changeri ghrita. Mesua F.
Citrus B. & M. Musa paradisiaca.
Coccus lacca. (typhoid):—
Cochlospermum G. Myrica N.
(acute):— Myristica fragrans.
Corchorus C. Myrtus C.
Curcuma Ang. Nelumbium S.
Cylesta S. Ochrocarpus L.
Cynodon D. Ocimum species.
Cyperus P. & R. Oleum Ricini.
Diospyros M. Oxalis C. (P.H.T.)
Elephantopus S. Papaver S.
Emblica O. Parm,elia P.
Eriodendron A. Patadya Chuma.
Etrythrina I. Phyllanthus species- "
Euphorbia P. Physalis species.
Evovulus A. Piper nigioim.
Feronia E. Plantago ispagula (seeds)
Ficus B. & C. & ovata.
Flacourtia C- Potassium salts.
Flemingia T. Prituka Chuma.
Gangadhar Rasa. Punica G.
Gangadhara Chuma (Laghu & Pyrus species.
Brihat). Randia D.
<Jarcinia M. & Pur. Saccharum O.
Geranium W. Saline substances.
 APPENDICaES 349

Santalum A. Agnimukha Chuma.

Saraca I, Ailanthus Ex. & M.
Sesamum I. Allaepauk.
Shankha Bhasm • Alstonia scholaris-
Shorea R. Amorphophallus C.
Silicium salts. (with loss of appetite):—
Soymida F. Amlica pana.
Spondias M. etc. Arnrita Haritaki.
Spongia O. Amrita Kalpa Rasa.
Tamarindus I. Amrita Vati.
Tamarix G. etc. Ananda-Bhairava Rasa.
Termin^lia A. & B. Andrographis paniculata.
(mucous stools):— Andropogon M.
Terminalia cheb. Arsenicum white.
Trigonella F. Bhoonimhadi Chumavfi.
Tylophora A. Tankanadi VaU.
Vajrakapata Rasa. (Ordinary):—
Woodfordia F. Anisomeles M.
Anthemis N.
83. DYSMENORRHOEA: Artemesia A.
(Asrigdhara; Arthava- Asparagus R.
soolam). Astachumam.
Abroma A. Balachaturhhadrdka-
Borax (P.H.T.) Beninkasa C.
Brassica A. & J. Bile.
Cannabis S. Brihat Suran Madaka.
Cocculus (P.H.T.) Calotropis gigantea.
Crocus'S. Capsicum A., F. & M*
Datura A. & F. Carbonate of Soda.
Erythrina I. Carica P.
Gossypium I. & H. Carum copticum.
JatiTphaladi Churnam. Cassia fistula.
Melanleuca L. Cinchona C.
Musa S. . Cinnamomum C. & I.
Myristica F . (atonic):—
Semecarpus A. Citrus Au. & M.
Sesamum I. Coptis T.
(and after pains):— Elettaria C.
V i b u m a m F- Feronia elephantum.
Ferula foetida-
84. DYSPEPSIA: Hibiscus A.
(Agniniandya; Amlapitta). Lycopersicum E.
(See also: "Flatulence" & Rheum E.
"Indigestion"). Terminalia cheb.
Abhra Bhasma. (bihous):—
Aconitum H. Cocculus V.
Acorus C. Gentiana K.
 35<y T H E INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Spondias M. etc. Picrorrhiza Kurroa.

(Ordinary);— Piper species.
Coriandrum S. Pittantaka Rasa.
Cosmostigma R. Plumbago Zeylanica & R-
Coterie Bhasma. Pongamia G.
Dhananidala. Pranadi gutika.
Dhatri arista. Pravala Bhasma.
Dhatri leha or lauha. Ptychotis A.
Dhati'imoddka. Punica granatum (P.H.T.)
Drdkshasava. P y r u s species.
Embelia R. Quassia E.
Emblica O. Rumex C.
Ferula foetida- Saline substances.
Galega P. Sam.asarkara Chuma.
Grangea M. Samhuka Bhasma.
Guda q^guda manduram. Saubhagya Sunti.
H e d y c l ^ m S. Saussurea L.
Hemidesmus I. Semecarpus A,
Hibiscus S. Shanka Bhasm,a.
Hingavashtaka Chuma. Shilajit.
Hriveradi. Sida A.
Hyssopus O. Sodii B.
Jatropha C. ' (painful):—
Jawarish-ai-kamvion. Bhaskara Lavanam,.
Jirakadi Modaka. Brishta tandula.
(anorexia):— Shoolaharanayoga.
Kalpam kalyana-ksharam. Sodium salts & preparations.
Kapardaka Bhasma. Urine (Cow's) & preparations..
Lactuca S . Stannum preparations.
Laghu Surana Madaka. Strychnos C. & N. (P.H.T.)
Laja. Sukti Bhasma.
Lauha Bhasma. Sulphur & its preparations-
Mesua F- Sulphur conrected with
Methi Modaka. Myrobalans chuma.
Michelia C. Svalpa m,ethi mx)daka.
Mucxina P. Swertia C. etc.
Myristica F. & M. Taraxacum O-
Nigella S. Terminalia B,
Narasiniha Chuma. Tinospora cordifolia.
Narikelakhanda. Trigonella P.
Narikelakshara. Trivrit Leyham,.
Nymphoea species. Tryushanadi Lauha.
Oryza S. (with flatulence):—
Ostrea E. and its preparations. Tumhuradya Chuma. \
Oxalis C. Vanga Bhasma.
Panchakola Churnam. Vitex N. etc.
Parmelia P. (acid):—
 APPKNDICES 351-

Vidijadhara bhra. 87. EAR-ACHE; (Kama-

Vitis V. shoola:—
Xanthoxylum species. See also: "Antiseptics";
Zingiber officinale. "Tympanitis").
Acacia catechu.
85. DYSPNOEA: Allium S.
(Hikka-Swasam). Alstonia S.
See:—Hiccough. Apamarga taila.
Caesalpinia bonducella. *
Aloe B. Cardiospermum H.
Andropogon C. Cleome V.
Eucalyptus G. Conium maculatum (P.H-T.y
Kuniari Asdva. Crinum D.
Melanleuca L. Datura A.
Sinapis J- Erythrina I.
Terminalia B. Euphorbia Tir.
(emphysematous):— Ferula foetida.
Withania S. Grangea M.
Hirudo medicinalis.
86. DYSURIA: (Mutrakra- Jasminum G.
chha; Mootrakrichram):— Mo^inga pterygosperma.
See also: Strangury. Musa paradisiaca.
See: Diuretics and Anti- Myrica sapida.
spasmodics). Myristica M.
Ocimum species.
Abelmoschus E. Pandanus O.
Asparagus racemosus. Papaver S.
Bombax M. Papaver nigrum (P.H'T.)
Cannabis S. Piper species.
Clitoria T. Ptychotis A.
Corchorus C. Shankha Bhasma.
Curcuma Ang. Spbndias M. etc.
Cynodon dactylon. (with discharges):—
Elephantopus S. Squalus C. preparations.
Erythrina I. (tympanitis):—
Glycyrrhiza G. Sulphur & its preparations,
Gmelina Asi. (also with sores):—
Gokshuradi guggula. Trichosanthes species.
Hibiscus S.
Hygrophila S- 88. ECLAMPSIA:—Cobra
Ipomoea digitata. poison (P.H.T.)
Potassii Carbonas.
Scilla I. * 89. ECZEMA: (Kanda;
Solanum 1. & Xanthacarpum. Kitibha):—
Sweta parpati. Adityapaka taila.
Tribulus territris. Amaranthus Poly.
Vitis vinifera. Arka taila.
 352 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Arsenicum white. Mucuna P .

Butea frondosa. Picrorrhiza kurroa.
Calotropis G. Piper nigrum.
Cassia alata & tora. SidaC.
Cera flava- Symplocos rasemosa.
Citrus Au. 91. EMPHYSEMA:—
Cocculus v .
Cucumis Melo. Punamavashtaka.
Curcuma L. Strychnos N.
Ghee. Urgina I. etc.
Graphites (black lead) 92. ENTERITIS:—
.(P.H.T.) See: "Typhoid" fever.
Gynocardia odorata.
Hemidesmxis indicus. 93. ENURESIS:—
«..Hydrocotyle A. See: Anuria & Urinary
* Jatropha C. complaints.
Jirakadya taila. 94. EPIDIDYMITIS.—
Karaviradya taila.
Melaleuca S- (Gonorrhoel):—
Panchavalkadi tailum. Vitex N. etc.-
Piper nigrum. -
Rubia cordifolia. 95. EPILEPSY:
Santalum album. (Apasmara):—
Sinduradya taila. Acorus C.
(tetter):— Adhatoda V.
Triticum S. AlUum C.
Zinc salts and preparations. Anacyclus P.
Aplotaxis auriculata.
90. ELEPHANTIASIS: Artemesia absinthium (P'H.T.)
(Sleepaada; Slipada):— Asparagus racemosus.
See: "Filariasis": Beninkasa C.
(See: Antiyretics; Blood- Borax (P.H.T.)
purifiers; Diuretics and Brahmi ghrita.
Purgatives). Brassica A.
Allium sativum. Camphora O.
Calotropis gigantea. Canscora D.
Curcuma longa. Chaturmukha Rasa.
Datura fastuosa. Clerodendron siphonanthus,
Eclipta E. (nocturnal):—
Guazuma T. Cocculus S. •
Hemidesmus I. Cow's urine.
(for fever):— Datura A.
Hubhai Sahfa. Execaria A.
Hydrargyrum. Flemingia S. ^
Hydrocotyle A. Gossypium I.
Ichnocarpus F- Hemidesmus indicus-
Indigofera A. Hermodactylus G.
 APPBaroicES 353
Herpestis M. Silicium salts.
Hydrocotyle asiatica. Triticum S.
Hyocyamus N. Vitis Q. etc.
Indigo tinctoria (P.H.T.)
97. ERYSIPELAS:
Kumari Asava.
(Visarpa):—
Kushmanda Ghrita.
Lycopodium C. See also:—**Fevers".
Moringa P. Aconitum napellus (P.H.T')
(hystero):— Berberis aristata.
Nardostachys J. Eucalyptus G.
Ovapana. Indigofera A.
Paeonia E. Kalagnirudra Rasa.
Pandanus O. Melia azadirachta>
Peteroselinum S. Portulaca species.
Plumbvun and its salts. Trihhuvankeerti Rasa.
SapindaSkT- Triticum S.
Semecarpus A.
Siddhartha Ghrita. 98. ERYTHEMA:—
Smilax C. etc. Coriandrum S.
Sodium salts and preparations. 99. EYE DISEASES:—
Sulphur and its preparations. (Netraroga):—
Trichosanthes species. See also:—"Antiseptics" &
Urine (Goat's) preparations. "Anti-phlogistics".
Valeriana species.
(locally):— Acacia S.
Vasachandanadi Taila. Agaricus (P.H.T.)
Boerhavia diffusa.
96. EXPISTAXIS:— Borax.
(Nasarakta; Raktapitta; Butea frondosa-
Urdhwagata):— Cinnamomurn camphora.
See also:—Demulcents & (Pacchakarpurtmi).
Diuretics.) Conium maculatum in
Acacia catechu. muscular wealaiess (P.H.T.)
Achyranthes aspera. Curcuma longa.
Allium cepa. Datura fastuosa.
Alinnen. Digitalis purpurea in Blapha-
Alum water (P.H.T.) • ritis. (P.H.T.).
Apamarga Taila- (Tinia tarsi):—
Crotalaria J. Erythrina I.
Cynodon D. Ghee,
Dalbergia Sis. (sore):—
EmbUca O. Heliotropium S.'
Gossypium I. Hydnocarpus inebrians.
Moschus moschiferous (P.H.T.) Ipecac (P.H.T.).
Punica granatum, Ipomoea turpethum.
Rhus S. Peteroselinum S.
Saccharum officinarum. (weak eyes):—
23
354 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Jasmin G. & S. 103. FEVERS: (Jvara): ( S «

Mel depuratum. also "Diaphoretics", IMa-
Musa S. retics, & "Purgatives").
Oleum Ricini. Aconitum F. H. & N.
Papaver somnifei-um. Acorus C.
(painful eyes):— Bambusa arundinacea.
Piper species. Cinnamomum camphora.
Plumbum and its species. Coriandrum sativum.
Polygala senega (P.H.T.). Cuminum cyminum.
Rhododendron (P.H.T.). Datura fastuosa.
Rosa species, Hydrargyri sulphidum
(country sore):— rubrum.
Saccharum O. Ipomoea turpethum.
Saxifraga L. Piper nigrum,
Sesamum I. (eruptive):—
Smilax China. Agati Gr.
•^trychnoF nux-vomica in atro-Bisamajaranthak Lauha,
phy of retina (P.H.T.). Oryza S-
(Lachrymation):— Piper longum.
Strychnos P. Potassium salts.
Symplocos R. Premna integrifolia.
Terminalia chebula. (Quartan fever):—
(blood shot eyes):— Achyranthes aspera.
Vernonia C. etc. (Catarrhal fevers):—
Zinc salts and preprations- Aegle miarmelos.
Ocilnum sanctum.
100. FAINTING: (Moorchha; Rhus succedanea.
Murchcha; Bhramanid- (after effects):—
ra):—See also Syncope Alstonia S.
and "Coma". (intermittent & rem.ittent):^—
Allium C. & S. Ananda Bhairava Rasa. '
Anona S. Andrographis P.
Moringa P. Andropogon M.
Nicotina T. Anisomeles M.
Pha'seolus nana. (P.H.T.). Cleroderidron Inerme.
Zingiber O. (Miasmatic fever):—
Berberis asiatica & B. aristata.
101. FATIGUE: (from long Coccus lacca-
journeys):— Calotropis G.
(intermittent):—
Coffea Arabica (P.H.T.). ( Vishama-jwara).
(for mental fatigue):— Aristolochia I.
Anacardium (P.H.T-). Boerhawa diffusa.'
Calotropis G.
102. FELONS:—See "Sores"; Brahat Sudarshana Chuma.
"Wouwds", etc. Carum carui.
Euphorbia A. Cassia fistula.
 APPENDICES' 3S&

Cinchoife C. Sudarsaiia Churna.

Gentiana K. Sulphur and its preparations.
Gmelina arborea. Swasa Kutara Rasa. ?
Gossypium I. Visamaivarantaka Lauha. '
Hemidesmus indicus. Zinc salts and preparations.
Melia Azadirachta. Coffea Arabica for early stage;?
Mukta hhasma. of typhoid fever. (P-H.T.).
Nigella S. (rheumatic):—
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis- Asparagus racemosus.
Pterocarpus santalinus. (bilious):—
Quinetum. Adhatoda Vasica.
Quinine. Cyperus rotundus.
Soymida F. Glycyrrhiza G.
Strychnos N. Mollugo cerviana.
Taruna Jvarari. Podophyllum E.
Vitex T. Quassia E.
Zingiber O. Solanum Xanthocarpum.
(with delirium etc.):— Tinospora cordifolia.
Ashtadasanga pachana. Trubhuvdn-keerti Rasa.
(chronic fever with emacia- Trichosanthes species.
tion and anaemia):— Vetala Rasa.
Andrographis paniculafa. Vitis V. /
Berberis A. \ Vrihat Panchamula.
Bixa O. (remittent):—
Caesalpinia B. (Vishama,ivara); Jwara-San-
Camphora O. tata).
Kiratadi Taila. Andrographis paniculata.
(rheumatic & inflamma- Chandesvara Rasa.
tory) :— Darubrahma Rasa-
Cassia S. Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Cocculus C- Gmelina A.
(chronic):— Hedysarum G.
Cyperus R. Hinguleshvara Rasa.
Dasamula Kvatha. Melia azadirachta.
Dichrosa F. Panchahhadra.
Eucalyptus G- (P.H.T.). Piper Nigrum.
Gendarussa V. Svasakuthara Rasa.
Jvarahrahmastra. Toddalia A. etc.
Jvarasani Rasa. (drink):—
Moschus moschiferus. Andropogon muricatxis.
Punica G. Hordeum V.
Pyrethrum radix. Vitis Vinifera.
Sattgilo or Palo. (catarrhal):—
Sid a cordfolia. Hrasva Panchamula.
Solanum I. Hydrocotyle A.
Sri. Mrityunjaya Rasa. Indigofera E.
Sterospermum suaveolens. Jayamangala Rasa.
 ?56 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Jwaramurari Rasa' 104. FILARIASIS:— See:—

Rhus S. Elephantiasis.
Vitex N. etc. Hubbai Sahfa.
(with Hver derangement):-^ Rosebay.
Kalingakadi kvatha. Symplocos R.
Kapha Ketu Rasa.
(low):— 105. FJSSUBES.-^ee
Balsamodendron Mukul. "Wounds" etc.
EcUpta erecta. Garcinia P
Melanleuca L. (Cracks of feet):—
Nyctanthes A. Mangifera I.
Ocimum species. Sodium salts and prepai-ations.
Panchavaktra Rasa.
Patoladi kvatha. 106. FISTULA:—
Picrorhiza kurroog. (Bhagandara):—
Piper longum. (anal):—
""vSalvadora species. Calotropis G.
•(ague) :— Ficus R.
Quinine. Hibiscus P-
Ramabana-Rasa- Mimosa P.
Santalum A.
Saubhagya Vati- 106. (a) :~FITS:— See:— Epi-
Semecarpus A. lepsy; Convulsions;
Shadanga Faniya.
107. FLATULENCE:—(See
Siffa cordifolia. also:—"Dyspepsia" & "In-
Solanum N. digestion"):—
Spinacea O.
Suchikavaran Rasa. Acorus calamus.
Svalpa Kasturi Bhairava. Ajamodadi Chuma.
Swachhchhanda Bhairava Allium S.
Rasa. Andropogon N.
Swalpw-Kasturi Bhairava Apium G.
Rasa. Carum copticum, & carui.
Symplocos R. Caryophyllus aromaticus.
Terminalia Cheb. Chaturushana Churnam.
Tinospora cordifoUa. Cinnamomum C. & I.
Udaka Manjari Rasa, for bil- Curcuma L. & C. & Z.
ious remittent fever. Cuscuta R.
Urtiea urens. (P.H.T.). Elatteria cardamomum.
Vemonia C. etc. Embelia R.
(puerperal):—(Sutika- Ferula A.
jwara):— • (with colic):—
Vitex N. etc. Ficus Benja-
Foeniculam V.
(Haemoglobrnuric):—
Gudashataka.
Vitex P. Hinguvashtaka Chuma.
Xanthoxylum species. Hyssopus O.
 APPENDICES 3S7

Illicium V. Peucedanum species.

Jatropha Mon. Pimpinella A.
Melanleuca L. Piper species.
Nardotachys J. Plantago I.
Pancha-kola Churnam. Plumbago species.
Piper nigrum. Raphanus S.
Pongamia G. Semecarpus A.
Pranada gudika,
Ptychotis A. 113. GASTRODYNIA:
Saline substances. ( ANNADRAVASULA) :—
Shaddharana "^oga. Raphanus S.
Sodium salts and preparations. 115. GENITOURINARY
Solanum I, & X. DISEASES:—
Terminalia cheb.
Trigonella F- Acacia A.
Trivrit leyham. Cucumis U-
Tumhuradya Chuma. Hemidesmus I.
Zingiber O. Hibiscus Rosa S.
Hygrophila S.
108. FOREIGN-BODY:— Ocimum species.
(In stomach, eyes, and Papaver S.
ears):— Phonix species.
Ricinus C. Phyllanthus species.
(in eyes):— Plantago I.
Saccharum O. (discharges):—
Plumbum and its salts.
109. FRACTURES:— (Superficial excoriations of ge-
(Asthibhagna):— nital organs):—
Terminalia A. etc. Pterocarpus species.
Vitis Q. etc. (distressive irritation of geni-
tal organs):—
110. GALL-STONE:— Sodium salts and preparations.
Berberis Vulgaris (P.H.T.). . (vaginal discharges):—
(For Gall-stone colic):— Sodium salts and preparations.
Hydr:?stis canadensis (P.H.T ) . Stannum preparations.
Pure Olive Oil (P.H.T.). Tribulus T-
111. GASTRALGIA:— Vitis V. '
Bhaskara havanam. 116. GLANDULAR D I S-
Bismuth {P.H.T.). EASES AND INFLAM-
Pterocarpus species. MATION:—(Grandjii-
rogam),
112. GASTRITIS:— Balsamodendron Mukul.
(Gulman):— Cupri sulphas.
(chronic):— Moringa P.
Bhaskara Lavanam. Papaver S.
Michelia C. Pinus deodara.
 358 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Silicium salts. Latninaria S.

(lymphatic and secreting): — Sphaeranthus H.
Potassium salts.
Sodium salts, and preparations. 120. GONORRHOEA: (Sukra;
Pooyamcham; Puyame-
Sphacranthus H.
ha): (Oupsargik-meha):
Strychnos N. (See also:—"Gleet"):—
Vitex N. etc.
Witliania S. etc. Abelmoschus E.
(suppurating): — Ahhra Bhasma, with honey,
Squalus C. preparations. powdered peepul & turmeric.
Abutilon I.
117. GLEET: (See also:—"Cys- Acacia, A . C . F . & S.
titis", "Gonorrhoea" & Alumen.
"Diuretics"):— Aegle M.
Aegle marmelos. Aloe Barbadensis.
^.Asparagus A. Bombusa Arundinacea.
Asphaltum (Silajit). Calotropis gigantea.
Balsamodendron Mukul & O. Cannabis indica, (P.H.T.)
Canarium C. Cannabis Sativa (P.H.T.)
Cimicifuga racemosa (P.H.T.) Cocculus C. & V.
Cubeba O. Myrica N.
Cynodon D. Prameha Mihira Taila.
Dipterocarpus T. Agave A.
Garcinia M. Althaea O.
Geranium W. Amaranthus Poly.
Myrica N. Amrita guygula.
Pinus species. Ajuinda Bliairava Rasa.
Piper nigrum. Andi-opogon Muricatus.
Quercus I. Asparagus racemosus.
Rhus S. Averrhoea A.
Santalum A. Balsamodendron M. & O.
Sida R. Basella A.
Stannum preparations. Bauhinia V.
Swama vangam. Boerhavia D.
Tribulus T. Bombax M.
Vasantakusumakara Rasa. Borassus F.
Xanthium S. etc. Boswellia G.
Yogaraja guggula. Brihat Bangeshwara Rasa.
Calot^'opis G.
118. GLOTTIS, SPASM OF:— Canarium C.
Corallium rubrum. Cannabis sativa.
Cuprum, (P.H.T.) Cephalandra I.
Moschus. Chandraprabha gutika.
Cinnamomum camphora, &
119. GOITRE: (Galaganda):— C. tamala.
Egg shells (P.H.T.) Citrullus V.
Gracilaria L. Corchorus C.
 APPENDICES 359

Cubeba O. Ocimum gratissimum.

Cucurbita M. Pachanabheda Churna.
Curculigo O. Pedalium murex.
Curcuma Ang. & Z. Phyllanthus Emblica.
Datura A. Piper cubeba, & longum.
Devdari kvatha. Pistacia species.
Dillenia I. Plaiitago ispagula.
Diospyros E. Plumbum calcined.
Dipterocarpus T. Pongamia G.
Emblica O. Premna integrifolia.
Enhydra F. Prunus amygdalus.
Eriodendron A. Pyrus species.
Euphorbia T. Quercus I. '
Eicus B. Raphanus S.
Galega P. Sadanga giiggula.
Garcinia M. ' Salvarsan.
Geranium W. Santalum A.
Giloe-ka-sat (starch from Sesamum I.
Tinospora C.) Shankha Bhasma.
Gloriosa S. Shorea R.
Gtaelina A. & Asi. Sida A . C . & R.
Gokshxtradi guggula. Silicium salts.
Grewia V. Sodium salts and preparations.
HemideSmus indicus. Solanum nigrum.
Hibiscus A. R. & S. Spondias M. etc..
Holostemma R. Stannum preparations.
Hydnocarpus I. Strychnos P.
Hydrocotyle A. Suvama Vasanta Malti.
Ipomoea P . Swama Banga, with the juice
Ixora C. of raw turmeric or juice of
Juniperus C. leaves of yagna-dvinhur.
Justicia adhatoda. Terminalia A. etc.
Kaisara giiggula. Tinospora cordifolia.
Kanchanara guggula. Tribulus terrestris.
Lawsor^a A. Trjpliala guggula.
Linum U. Vatari Rasa.
Liquidambar ,0. Zinc salts and preparations.
Malva S.
Melia azadirachta. 121. GOUT: (Vatarakta;
Memecylon E. Aamavatham ).
Michelia C. Aconitum.
Mimusops elengi. Allium S.
Mimosa Am. • (chronic):—
Molluga Cerviana. Aristolochia indica.
Moschus moschiferus. Asparagus O.
Musa S. Brassica N.
 360 THE INDIAN MATERIA. MEDICA

Capparis A. Utrica urens, {P.H.T.)

Cassia, F . & T. Vitis V.
Celastrus P . Zingiber O.
Citrus Au. C. & B. 122. GRAVEL:—(Sharisara;
Cocculus C. Calculireiial):—
Colchicum L.
Datura A. Cedrus deodara.
Devadari kvath from Cedrus Gossypium I.
deodara. Hemidesmus indicus.
Digitalis, (PJi.T.) Hygrophila S.
Dodonaea V. Mimosa P .
Euphorbia A. Saxifraga L.
Ficus C. (lu-ic acid):—
Flacourtia S. Sodium salts and pi-eparations.
GossjT>ium I. Tribulus terrestris.
Hermodactylus G. 123. GUMS: Diseases of-.—See
' ^ y o s c y a m u s N. also "Antiseptics", &
ipomoea P . & T. "Astringents":—(Dan-
Litsaea S. taveshtharoga):—
Lycopersicum F. Acacia C. & S.
Michelia C. (bleeding): —
Morinda C. Areca C.
Moringa P. GossjTjium I.
Mxillugo C. Kathlon.
(for uric acid diathesis): — Rhus S.
Paederia F . Symplocos R.
Physallis species. (spongy): —
Pinus species. Balsamodendron My.
Plantago I. & O. Cajanus I.
Potassium salts. Eugenia J.
Psidium G. Kathbol.
Pyrethrum I. Morinda C.
Pyrus species. Rvmiex C.
Rhododendron iP.H.T.) Sjmnplocos R. '
Ricinus C. (spongy and bleeding):—
Rosebay. Eucalyptus G.
Sapindas C. Phyllanthus species. ' . ^
Sarveshvar Rasa. Svalpakhadiravatika.
Semecarpus A. (boils): —
Smilax C. etc. Heliotropium I. & S.
Sodium salts and preparations, Jatropha C.
Solanum N. & T. (bleeding teeth): —
Strychnos N. Barleria P.
Sulphiu- and its preparations (swelling): —
Tribulus T. Psidium G.
Tylophora A. (irritation); —
 APPENDICES SKI

Spilanthus O. Vasakushmanda kanda.

(Scurvy):— Vasava Leha.
Hydrastis canadensis {P.H.T.) Vitex N. etc.
124. HAEMATEMESIS: 127. HAEMORRHAGE:—
(Aamasayakshata; Rakta- (Raktapitta; Raktasravam)
pittam). Abies webbiana.
Aconitum (P.H.T.) Acacia A. & C.
Coccus lacca. Adhatoda Vasika.
Dalbergia Sis. Amalakadya Lauha.
Hamamelis (P.H.T.) Arum. C.
Ipecac (P.H.T.) Asparagus racemosus.
Mangifera I. Bambusa arundanacea.
Bombax malabaricum.
125. HAEMATURIA: ' Cinchona (P.H.T.)
(Shonitameha; Rakta- Coccus lacca.
pittam):— Cucurbita M.
Abutilon I. Diospyros embryopteris.
Bauhinia V. Emblica O.
Cantharis (P.H.T.) Erigeron C.
Hamamelis (P.H.T.) Ferri Sulphas.
Saccharum O. Friar's Balsam.
Sida C. Geranium W.
Hamamelis, (P.H.T.)
126. HAEMOPTYSIS:— Holarrhena antidysenterica.
(Oorakshata; Oordhwa- Ipecac, (P.H.T.)
gata; Raktapitta; Urak- Ipomoea turpethum.
satam). Jatropha C.
Abies W. Kandakadya Lauha.
Acacia catechu. Mangifera I.
Acalypha indica (P.H.T.) Nymphoea species.
Adhatoda V. Pavonia O.
Bambusa A. (Postpartum):—
Plumbago species.
Banga Bhasma with turmeric.
Viburnam F.
Benincasa C. (rectal):—
Carica papaya.
Cucurbita M. Plumbum and its salts,
Cynodon dactylon in Haematu- (internal): — ,
resis (P.H.T.) Potassium salts.
Dalbergia Sis. Quercus I.
Erigeron C. Santalum album.
Ficus G: Saraca indica.
Hamamelis (P.H.T.) Silicium salts.
Khanda kooshmanda. Utphaladi Sritam.
Musa paradisiaca. Woodfordia F.
Stannum preparations. Pterocarpus species.^
Talisadya ChurTia. Punica granatum. •
 362 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

(uterine and pulmonary): — Hyocyamus niger.

Rosa species, Ipomoea R.
(urethral): — Ixora C.
Santalum A. Jasminum G.
Saraca I. Lavendula S.
Sudhanidhi Rasa. Luffa Am.
Symplocos racemosa. (nervous): —
Terminalia A. etc. Melia Azedavach.
Triphala. Myrica sapida.
Urtica D. Peterospermum species,
Viscum A. etc. (congestive) : —
(intestinal): — Mentha P .
(Raktapitta-adhogat.) Momordica D.
Vitex N. Moringa P.
Vitis Vinifera. Myrica N.
Myristica M.
"•-128. HAEMORRHOIDS: Nardostachys J.
(Arsas) See "Piles":— (bilious):—
128(a). HARD-BREATHING: Oxalis C.
Clerodendron siphoenan- Pandanus O.
thus; Hyoscyamus niger. Phoenix species.
(See also:—"Antispasmo- Pimpinella A.
dics"; "Astlima" & "Ex- Piper betle, & P. nigixim.
pectorants"). Potassium salts.
129. HEADACHE: Pterocarpus species.
(Shirashool):— Pyrus species.
Randia D.
Acalypha indica. (obstinate): —
Agati G. Saccharum O.
Allium S. Santalum A.
Andropogon Muricatus. Shadahindu Taila.
Aplotaxis auriculata. Sinapis J.
Aquilaria agalloclia. (neuralgic): —
BaiTingtonia A.
Sodium salts and preparations.
Basella A.
Spilanthus O.
Caryophyllus aromaticu;.. Strychnos N.
Cedrus deodara. Terminalia Cat. etc.
Centipeda O. Trichosanthes species.
Cinnamomum C. & T. Vitex N. etc..
Coleus A. Zingiber O.
"Crocus S.
Cubeba O. 130. HEART-DISEASE:
Embelia R. Pericarditis; Agina-
(rheuniatic): — pectoris: (Hridroga; Hrad-
Ficus Benja. graha).
Gossypium I. Aegle Marmelos.
Herpestis M. Allium S.
 APPENDICES 3i»

Arjunahhra. Embelia R.
Boerhavia diffusa. Ferula A.
Calotropis gigantea. Hedysarum A.
Cassia fistula. ly^Sa Am.
Cedrus deodara. Sapindas T.
Cinnamornum camphor a. Vidanga Taila.,
(.Heart-bum): —
Citrus B. 132. HEMIPLEGIA:
Glycyrrhiza glabra. (Ekangavatham; Paksha-
Dava-ul-mulk. ghat-Pakshvadha):—
Hridayamava Rasa. AJTOodadi Chuma-
Mojoo.Tuii Kuvathrnhah. Asparagus R.
(palpitation): — Atalantia M.
Mentha P. Ichnocarpus F.
Moschus moschiferus. lUicium V.
Mukta Bhasma. MashahcHaSX.
Nardostachys J. Mashabaladi Kvatha.
Viscum A. etc. Narayarm Taila.
(irritable heart and angina): — Orchis M.
Papaver S. Svalparasuna Pinda.
(aneurism of aorta and hyper- Vataraktantaka Rasa.
trophy):— 133. HEPATITIS: (Yaliratdal-
Piper longum. yudar; Yakrithrogam):—
Plumbum and its. salts. See also: Enlargement of
Sida cordifolia. the liver:—
Sodium salts and preparations.
Solanum N. and Hepatic derangeTinents:—
Swarnn Bhasma. Aloe litoralis.
Terminalia A. etc. Andrographis paniculata.
Vasakushmanda knnd'i. Berber is asiatica.
Yitis V. Croton Oblongifolius.
Zingiber officinale. Hirudo medicinalis.
(for faulty and dyspeptic Picrorhiza Kurrooa.
hearts): — Viscum A. etc.
Adonis aestivalis (P.H.T.) 134. HERNIA: (Antra-
Lime-juice, jor hysterical palpi- vriddhi):—•
tation oi heart and heart-
bui-n {P.H.T.) Alpinia officinarum-
Oleum ricini.
131. HEanCRANIA: 135. HERPES: (Kaksha):—
(i\rdhavabhedakaro,-
Artliasisa):— Ammcnia B.
Argemone M.
BarrJngtonia R. Butea F .
Caryota U. Cassia alata.
Centipeda O. Chaulmugra Ointnnent.
CUtoria T. Cucumis T.
364 THE INDIAN MATERIA MBDICA

Gynocardia O. 139. HOOK WORM:— (See

Jasminiim Ang. also:—Anthelmintics).
Jatropha C.
(Herpes Zoster):— Carum copticum.
Pterocarpus species. 140. HYDROCELE: (Andav-
(tetter):— riddhi):—
Tritioum S.
(See also:—Antiphlogis-
tics):—
136. HICCOUGH or HICCUP:
Alpinia officinarum.
(Hikka; Oochaku):— Altingia E.
See:—Dyspnoea. '' Datura fastuosa.
Ananas S. (Chronic affections):—
Balsamodendron Mukul. Oleum Ricini-
Cassia S. Rosebay.
Cuminum cyminum. Sesbania species,
Eeronia elephantum. (painful and swollen):—
Hyoscyamus N- Solanum N.
Lepidium Sativiun.
141. HYDROCEPHALUS:
Mentha P.
Menthus A. (Chronic):—
Piper longum; & P . nigrum, Squalus C. preparations.
& P . chaba. 142. HYDROPHOBIA:—
Saccharum bfficinarum. (Alarkavisham; Jalatra-
Santalmn album.
Stereospermum Suaveolens. sa):—
Tincture of acetic acid Boerhavia diffusa.
(P.H.T.); Vinegar (P.H.T.) Cerebera O.
Calcium oxide or Calx (P.H.T.)
137. HIGH-BLOOD PRES- Datura A. & fastuosa., & D.
SURE:— Stramonium, (P.H.T.). •
Euphorbia N.
Ranwolfia Serpentina (P.H.T-). Indigofera tinctoria (P.H-T.).
138. HOARSENESS: (Svara- Ophiorrhiza M.
bhanga; Svarabheda):— Strychnos N.
See also:—"Aphonia". 143. HYDROTHORAX.—
Abies webbiana. Sonchus species. .,
Abrus P.
Alpinia G. 144. HYPERCHLOR-
Alumen. HYDRIA: (Amlapittam):—
E>raksharishta. Anacardium occidentale ,
Flacourtia C. (P.H.T.)
Glycyrrhiza G. Capsicum, (P.H.T.).
Herpestis Monniera.
Piper longum, & P . chaba. 145. HYPOCHONDRIASIS:—
Saccharum officinarum. Aegle marmelos.
Terminalia B. Ferula A.
 APPENDICES 365

Hydrocotyle A. Zinc salts and preparatioiis.

Hyoscyamus N. Zingiber officinale.
Strychnos nux-voniica.
(PjH.r.). 147. IMPETIGO:—
Cocculus V.
146. HYSTERIA:—(Apasmara; Karaviradya Taila.
Aptantrak):— (See:—
Epilepsy; Uterine dis- 148. IMPOTENCE:— (Dhwa-
orders):— jabhagam)
Achyranthes aspera. Abhraka Bhasma & Kalka.
Acorus C. Adamas.
Adamas. Akaradi Chuma.
Adhatoda V. Akarakarahhadi Chuma.
Allium C. & S. Albizzid lebbek-
Anona S. Amaranthus Poly.
Aplotaxis auriculata. Amritashtakapachana.
Brahmighrita. Asparagus A.
Brassica A. Banga Bhasma.
Camphora O. Bassia La.
Carum copticum. , Biborate of Sodium.
Castoreum, (P.H.T.). Bombax malabaricum.
Citrus Au- Cha-ndrodaya Makaradhvaja.
Curcuma L. Crocus S.
Echinops E. Cycas C.
Elaedendron G. Datura fastuosa.
Ferula A. & G. Dava-ul-mulk.
Gorochanam. Dendrobiiim M.
Grangea M. Dryobalanops aromatica.
Hermodactylus G. Echinops E.
Herpestis M. Eriodendron A.
Hibiscus A. Erythrina indica.
Hyoscyamus N. Helianthus T.
Hyssopus O. Hermodactylus G-
Moringa P . Hibiscus Rosa S. &. E.,
Moschus moschiferus. (P.H.T.) Hygrophila spinosa.
Nardostachys J. Ipomoea digitata.
Ptychotis A. Javarish-i-lulu.
Quassia E. Java rusa uda.
Ruta G. Lepidium S.
Sapindus T. Lycopodium clavatum (P.H.T.)
Siddhartha Ghrita. Mahalakshmibilas Rasa.
Sodium salts and preparations. Majoonai-Kuvathiabah.
Yaleriana species. Makaradhvaja.
(locally):— Mashadi-Modaka.
Vasa Chandanadi Taila. Meihi-ladu.
Viscum A. etc. Mucuna P .
Viverra C. Mjrristica F-
 366 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Narasimha Churna. Drakshasava.

Nardostachys J. Gentiana K.
Orchis M. Hyoscyamus niger.
Ostrea E. & its preparations. Jawarish-ai-kavimon.
Pedalium M. (want of acidity):—
Phalaghrita. Jawarish-ai-Thrash.
Ph&seolus species. (for causing eme.sis);—
Pinus species. Madanadi Vamana.
Pistacia species. Myristica M.
Plumbum. (digestive disorders):—
Ratnagiri Rasa. Plumbago species.
SarvangsuTidari Rasa. Potassii carbonas.
Sesamum indicum. Ptychotis A-
Shalavari Ghrita. Punica granatum.
Smilax C. etc. Saline substances.
Spmacoce hispida- Semecarpus anacardium.
Sphaeranthus H. etc. Terminalia chebula.
Stannum Reparations. Vaishnavanar Chumam.
Strychnos "N. Vitis Q. etc.
Suverna-Vasanta Malti. Zingiber O.
Svama Bhanga (Bisulphurette
of tin). 150. INFLAMMATION:
Trotilokya Chintamani Rasa. (See:— "Antiphlogistics";
Tribulus T. Anodynes; & "Antisep-
Trigonella F. tics"):—
Uraria lagopoides. Aconitum F.
Vakeria ladu. (Breasts):—
Vanari vatika. Aloe L.
Varunddya ghrita. Ammonii carbonas.
Vasantakusumakara Rasa. Aplotaxis auriculata.
Vrihat Asvagandha Ghrita. Boerhavia diffusa.
Withania S. Cinnamomum Camphora & Z.
Datura A. & F.
149. INDIGESTION: Ghee.
(Apachana; Ajeerna). See:
Gynandropsis P-
"Carminatives; Digestives" Hugonia M.
& also "Dyspepsia" & Hygrophila spinosa.
"Flatulence":— Linum U.
\gnikumara Rasa, Melia Azadirachta.
illae pauk- Papaver somniferum.
lice litoralis. Pavonia O.
Imrita Vati. Phyllanthus species.
iplotaxis auriculata. Polyporus O.
'haskara Lavanam. Pterocarpus species;
'hatuhsama Vati. (gastro-intestinal):—
oriandrum sativum. Allium sativum.
ha7ta-ni-dala. Andropogon muricatus..
 APPENTDICES aer
Borax. Sugar.
Ipomoea turpethum.
Oleum ricini. 153. INSANITY: (Unmada):—
Phaseolus species. See:—"Epilepsy"; "Ute-
(of mucous membranes) :•— rine disorders" & "Vata"
Acorus calamus. diseases):—
Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Pyrus species. Acorus C
Rubia C Aegle marmelos.
Semecarpus anacardiuro. Aplotaxis auriculata.
Benincasa C.
(rheumatic):— Canscora D.
Sesbania species. Croton T.
Soymida F. / Datura A. & F.
Svalpa Masha Taila. Herpestis M.
Tamarindus I. Hydrocotyle A.
Terminalia belerica. (dementia) :—
Trigonella F. Hyoscyamus N.
Vitis vinifera. Jasminum S.
Withania S. etc. Ktushmanda Ghrita.
(erysipelatic): — Lactuca S.
Triticum S.
Vateria I. etc. Ranwolfia serpentina.
Zingiber officinale. Swarna Bhasma.
Zingiber officinale.
151. INFLUENZA: (Dushta-
pratishyaya) (Prathisyayi- 154. INSOMNIA (Aswapna-.
ka-jwaram):— See:— Nidranash):—
"Cough", "Fever" & CSee:—"Hypnotics"):—
pneumonia):— Allium cepa. (P.H-T.).
Andrographis paniculata. Avena sativa. (P.H.T.).
Brihdt Sudarshana Chuma. Boerhavia diffusa.
Camphora officinarum, Camphora officinarum.
(P.H.T.). (P.H.T.).
Cinnamomum C. & Z. Cannabis I & S.
Citrus B. Cimicifuga racemosa. (P.H.T.)
Eucalyptus globulus. (P.H.T.). Hot milk. (P.H.T.).
Glycyrrhiza G. Hyoscyamus N.
Hyssopus O. . Lactuca S.
Moschus moschiferus. Lagenaria V.
Piper nigrum. Myristica F.
Sodium salts and preparations. Papaver S.
Solanum Xanthocarpum. Piper longum.
Rasa-Raj-Rasa.
152. INJURIES:— (See:—"An- Sinapis J.
tiphlogistics" and ("Anti-
(from over fatigue):—
septics")
Strychnos N.
Ammonii carbonas. Valeriana indica. (P.H.T.).
 388 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Vitis vinifera. Aegle M.

Withania somnifera. Allium C.
Aloe barbadensis.
155. INTESTINAL Banga BhasmfL. (Stannum)-
DISEASES:—See:— "Bo- Boerhavia D.- & R.
wel " complaints" Calotropis G.
156. INTOXICATION: Carthamus T.
(See:^-Diuretics; Emetics CitruUus C.
& Purgatives) Cocculus C.
Boerhavia diffusa. Cowrie Bhasma.
Curcuma L.
157. ITCHES:— (Vicharchika) Cyperus Rotimdus.
(See:—"Antiseptics") :— Daucus C.
Adhatoda Vasika. Dhatri Arista.
Adityapaka Taila- Dhatri Leha or Lauha.
Allium sativum. Digitalis. (P.H.T.).
A n d r o g r ^ h i s paniculata. Eclipta E-
Atalantia* M. Emblica O.
Bassia Lon. Ferri Sulphas.
Carthamus T, Flacoiirtia R.
Cassia O. Fumaria O.
(Dhobi):— Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Cassia S. Gudashtaka.
Cephalandra I. Holarrhena A.
Cinnamomum camphora. Hydrocotyle A.
Cocculus S. Hygrophila S.
Curcuma L. Ipomoea turpethum.
Emblica O. Jatropha Mon.
Euphorbia N. & Tir. KrimidhuUialaprabha Rasa.
: Galega P . Lawsonia A. •
Hemidesmus indicus. LuffaE.
Hibiscus A- Melia Azadi.
Jatropha C. Mimosa pudica.
Liquidamber O. Momordica. C.
Momordica C. Nardostachys J.
Oleum Ricini. Patoladya Chumavt'
Os Sepie & its preparations. Peganum H.
Plumbum and its salts. Phyllanthus species.
Rhinacanthus C. Picrorrhiza Kurrooa.
Santalum A. Pittantaka Rasa.
Sulphur. Podophyllum emodi (P.H.T.).
Punamava Leha.
158. JAUNDICE: (Kamila; Puvnmavasihaka.
Kumbha-Kamla):— Punamava Taila.
(See also:—^"Liver affec- Rheum E.
tions"):— Rubia C.
Aconite. (P.Jf.r.). Shankha Bhasma.
 APPENDICES 369

Sphaeraiithus H. etc. 163. LARYNGITIS: See Cold;

Stannum preparations. Hoarseness.
Styrax B. ' Cubeba O.
Taraxacum O- etc. Genuine Amber beads.
Tinospora cordifolia. iP.H.T.).
Urine (cow's) and Styrax B.
preparations.
Urine (Ox's). 164. LEPROSY:— (Mahakusta;
Visamajvarantaka Lauha. Kushtani; Kiistaroga)
Vitis V. Abrus precatorius. (P.H.T.).
Yakridari Lauha. Acacia Catechu.
Aconitum ferox.
15§. KALA-AZAR:— Alangium D. & L.
VitexP. - Alstonia S.
Anacardium orientale 6th,
160. KAPHA DISEASES:— {P.H.T.).
(See also "Expectorants" Argemone M.
& "Tonics"). Aristolochia indica.
Adhatoda vasika. Arsenicum-
Andrographis paniculata. Banga BhasTna.
Cinnamomum camphora. Bauhinia V.
Mel depuratum. Boerhavia diffusa.
Piper longum. Caesalpinia B.
Solanum Xanthocarpum. Calotropis gigantea.
Cassia tora.
161. KTONEY DISEASES:— Cedrus deodara.
(Vrikkaroga). Cupri sulphas.
Hemidesmus I. Curcuma longa.
(polyuria):— Diospyros E.
Lahoohai Saghur. liipterocarpus T.
Michelia C. Embelia ribes.
Ocimum species. Ficus glomerata. (P.H.T.).
Petroselinum S. Fumaria O.
Piper species- Galithkasturi Rasa-
Xanthium S. Gadhdkadi Churna.
(irritable or inflammatory): Gandhakadi Taila.
Gandhdka Ghrita.
Oryza S. Gandhaka Rasayana.
(painful):— Gloriosa S.
Portulaca species. Gynocardia O.
Prunus Amyg. Hemidesmus indicus.
(renal colic):— Hiraka Bhasma.
Siegesbeckia O. etc. Holarrhena antidysenterica.
Viola species. Hydnocarpus I. V. &
162. LABOUR PAINS:— Wightiana.
Actaea, (P.H.T.). Hydrocotyle A.
Cimicifuga, (P.H.T.). Indigofera A.
24
 370 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Ipomoea T. Somarogam; Swethaprada-

Lawsonia A. ram):— ^
Luffa A. See: "Gonorrhoea". »
Magnesium gynocardate. Acacia A.
Melia azadirachta. Amaranthus Poly.
Melia Azedarach. Asphaltum (Shilajit).
Mimosa Am. & P . Balsamodendron O.
Momordica C. j Berberis A.
Myristica fragrans. Bombax malabricum.
Nardostachys J. Borax 2 x. (P.H.T.)
Nelumbium S. Cimicifuga (P.H.T.)
Nerium O. Cinnamomum camphora.
Panchanimba Gutika. Cocculus C.
Pancha Valkaladi Tailum. Cubeba O.
Peterospermum species. Curcuma Z.
Pinus deodara. Daedalacanthus R.
^,* Piper C. & L. ' Dipterocarpus D.
i Plumbago species. Emblica O.
Pongamia G. Ferrum (Lauha Bhasma),
Psoralia -G-. Ficus R.
Rubia cordifolia. Flemingia T.
Semecarpus A. Garcinia M.
Smilax China. Geranium W.
Sulphur. Glycyrrhiza G.
Symplocos Racemosa. Gracilaria L.
(locally): — Hemidesmus I.
Tamra Bhasma. Hygrophila S.
Terminalia Cat. etc. Ixora C.
Tinospora cordifolia. Javaru-sa-uda.
Trichosanthes species. Juniperus C.
Urginea I. etc. Lawsonia A.
Urine (cow's) and prepara- Lepidium S.
tions. Liquidambar O.
Vernonia C, etc. . Mangifera I.
Vitex N. & T. Mashadi Modaka.
Zingiber Z. Melia Azadi.
165. LEUCODERMA: — Memocylon E.
Abrus precatorius. Mesua ferrea.
Aristolochia I. Mucuna P.
Panchanimba Gutika. Musalyadi Churtfa.
Psoralea C. Myrtus C.
Realgar. Pachanabheda Churna..
Vernonia A. Phaseolus species.
Phyllanthus emblica.
166. LEUCORRHOEA:— Pinus species.
(Pradaravata; Pradarswet: Piper cubeba.
 APPENDICES 371

Pistacia species. Croton O.

Pradararipoo Rasa. Eclipta erecta. '
Pterocarpus species. Euphorbia N.
Quercus I. Ficus A.
Rhus S. Ficus carica (P.H.T.)
Santalum album'. Gentiana K.
Saraca indica. Gymnema S.
Sida C. Hydrargyrum.
Someshwara Rasa. Hygrophila spinosa.,
Spondias M. etc. Ipomoea D.
Swarna-banga (Bisulphurette Jatropha G. j
of tin). / Lawsonia A.
Symplocos racemosa. Luffa E. %
Tamarix G. etc. Melia Azadirachta.
Terminalia cheb. Moringa P.
Trapa B. etc. Ostrea E. and preparations.
Trigonella F. Panchalavanam.
Valkala Kashaya. Picrorrhiza Kurrooa.
Vanari Vatika. Pin lis species.
Woodfordia E. Prunus Amyg.
Xanthuim S. etc. Pyrethrum I.
Zinc salts and preparations. Rasakarpura.
Saline substances,
167. LITHIASIS:— Sayikadravakam.
Kalanchoe L. Solanum I. & N.
Salvadora species. Sulphur and its preparations.
Zea M. Swertia C. etc. .
Terminalia cheb.
168. LIVER AFFECTIONS: ^Tinospora cordifolia.
( Yakridroga):— Trigonella F.
(See:—Carminatives; Zingiber officinale.
Digestives and Purgatives; (torpor): —
Ascites and Dyspepsia). Cichorium I.
(infantile): — Cocculus C.
Andrographis paniculata Cosmostigma R.
(P.H.T.) Cyperus P.
(congestion): — Euonymus.
Aghora Narasimha Rasa. Ferula A.
Ammonii carbonas. Hermodactylus G.
Amomum S. Lycopersicum E.
Casearia E. Pistacia species.
Sodium salts and preparations. Podophyllum E.
Trichosanthes species, P r u n u s Amyg. '"
(enlargement): — Citrullus C.
Andrographis paniculata. Cowrie Bhasma.
Calotropis gigantea. Cuscuta R.
Canavalia E. Echpta E.
372 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Ficus Benja. Datura A.

(obstructions): — Euphorbia R.
Ficus H. Narayana Taila.
Fumaria O. Peganum H.
Garcinia P . Ricinus Communis.
Gentjana K. Shorea R.
(induration): — Trayodasanga guggula.
Hyssopus O. Triticum S.
Lactuca S. Withania S.
Lokanatha Rasa.
Momordica C. 172(a). LUNACY:—
Myristica F. See:—^Insanity,
Nelumbitfm species. 173. LUNG COMPLAINTS:-
Ocimum species. (See also:—"Asthma;"
(bilious obstruction): — "Consumption" and
Paeonia E. "Expectorants"):—
Phasfeolus species. (pectorals): —
Portulaca species. Abies Webbiana.
Rumex C. Adhatoda vasica.
Sodii B. Bambusa arundinacea.
Symplocos R. etc. Juniperus C.
(visceral): — Liquidambar O.
Taraxacum O. Myrica N.
Tinospora cordifolia. Papaver somniferum.
Viola species. Portulaca species.
Vitex N. etc. Rourea S.
Woodfordia F. Ruta G.
169. LOCfflA:—(Suppression (inflammation): —
Spinacea O.
after child birth):— Stannum preparations.
Cinnamomum tamala.
174. MAGGOTS:—
170. LOCK-JAW:— See:—"Ozaena".
See: "Tetanus".
175. MALARIA: (Vishamaj-
171. LOCOMOTOR ATAXIA: vara):—
Digitalis (P.H.T.) (chronic): —
Zinc Phos. 12 (P.H.T.) Aghore Nr.isingha Rasa.
Zinc Sulphate (P.H.T.) Arhritashtakapachana.
172. LUMBAGO: (Kateegraha; Ananda Bhairavi.
Katgraha; Triltagraha):— Andropogon C.
Bindaal.
Areca C. Chanadya Lauha.
Balsamodendron M. Cocculus C.
Caryophyllus aromaticus. Eurycoma L.
Cervus dama. Sida A.
Citrus B . C . & L . Shadanga Paniya.
 APPENDICES 373

Strychnos C. etc. 179. MELANCHOLIA:—

Swertia C. etc.
(with enlarged spleen): — Crocus S.
Dhatrimodaka. Ipomoea T.
Gentiana K. (mental troubles): —
Helianthus A. Trichosanthes species.
Jwaramurari Pills.
Majoonai Saul. i 180. MENINGITIS:—
Panchathiktaka panakam. (Spinal): —
Panchathiktaka powder. Croton T.
Sodium salts and preparations. Sulphur and its preparations.
Toddalia A. Zincum metallicum (P.H.T.)
Vernonia C. etc.
Vitex P. 181. MENORRHAGIA:—
Xanthium S. etc.
(Asrigdaram; Raktapra-
176. MAMMARY DISEASES: dara):—
(Sore breasts):—
Amaranthus Poly.
Peteroselinum S. Bauhinia V.
(deficient secretion,? and sore Berberis asiatica.
nipples): —Ricinus C. - Bombax malabaricum.
(Sore nipples): — Cannabis S.
Sodium salts and preparations, Dalbergia Sis.
(breast inflammation): — Eriodendron A.
Aloe L. Ficus G.
Datura A. Hibiscus Rosa S.
Polyporous O. Holarrhena A.
Jatiphaladi ChurnaTU.
177. MANIA: (Unmada):— Lawsonia A.
See:—^Insanity. Mangifera I.
Acalypha I. Memecylon E.
(acute):-^ , Mucuna P.
Cannabis S. Musa S.
Datura A. & F. Myristica F.
Helleborus N. Nelumbium S.
Hyoscyamus N. Phyllanthus emblica.
(puerperal): — Pradarari Lauha.
Michelia C. Saraca indica.
Sesbania species.
178. MARASMUS:— Symplocos racemosa.
Trapa B. etc.
Indigofera E. Triticum S.
Plumbum in the 3rd trit. Vanari Vatika.
(P.H.T.) Viscum A. etc.
Woodfordia floribunda.
178(a). MEGRIM:— Xanthium S. etc.
See:—Migraine.
374 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

182. MENSTRUAL DIS- Acorus calamus.

ORDERS:— Alpinia officinarum.
See:—"Uterine Diseases". Aplotaxis auriculata.
Bala Taila.
183. MERCURIAL SALIVA- Balsamodendron Mukul.
TION:— Calotropis gigantea.
Acacia Catechu. Chaturmukha Rasa.
Chhagaladya Ghritha.
184. MIGRAINE:— Chintamani Chaturmukha.
See:—Megrim (Vathasira- Corallium rubrum.
soolam). Cuminum cyminum.
Caffein (P.H.T.) Ferula A.
Hydrargyrum.
185. MUMPS:—(Pashanagar- Hydrocotyle asiatica.
dhaba):— Mashahaladi.
Aconite (P.H.T.) Masha Taila.
Conium maculatum (P.H.T.) Moschus moschiferus.
Datura A. Nardostachys J.
Kaempforia R. Narayana Taila.
(irritability): —
186. MYOSIS:— Nicotina T.
Ocimum species. (weakness & exhaustion): —
Papaver S'.
187. MYXOEDEMA:— Phaseolus species.
Arsenic. Ricinus C.
Iron salts. Samiragaja Kesari.
Strychnine. Semecarpus A.
188. NAUSEA:— Sida C.
(See:—"Anorexia"; Strychnos Nux-vomica.
Hrittasam; Hrullas). Viverra C.
Withania S. etc.
Cinnamomum C. & (chronic): —
Zeylanicum. Smilax C. etc.
Michelia C. (nervous fatigue): —
Zingiber officinale. Sterculia A.
189. NEPHRITIS: (Vriklia- Sulphur preparations.
Vanda R.
sopha; Vrilcka-shoath):—
Vishnu Taila.
Arsenite of copper (P.H.T.) Vitis vinifera .
Cissampelos P . Yogendra Rasa.
Cycas C. Zingiber officinale.
Physalis species.
190. NERVOUS DISEASES & 191. NEURALGIA: (Shoola;
DISORDERS: Sula; Sirosoolam).
( Vatavyadhi):— Aconitum F . & N.
Achyranthes aspera. Acorus C.
 APPENDICES 373

A.dhatoda Vasica. 193. NEURITIS:—

Allium Cepa and Allium S. (See:—"Nervous Disea-
Amomum S. ses").
Andropogon M. Piper nigrum.
Arsenicum (P.H.T.) -^ PrahKanjana Virnardana.
Berberis A. Semecarpus A.
Brassica juncea.
Cannabis S. 194. NIGHT BLINDNESS:
Capsicum F. & M. (Sleshmawidagdhadristu;
Cinnamomum C. & Z. Nakthandhyam ):—
Citrus B.
Crocus S. Achyranthes aspera.
Danawantri Tailuni. Chandraprabha varti.
Datura A. & F. Leganaria V.
Ferro-ferric oxide. Momordica C.
Hyoscyamus N. 195. NIGHT SWEATS:—
Ipomoea R.
Jatipkaladu Churnam. See;—"Phthisis",
Liavendula S. 196. OBESITY: (Medavriddhi;
Melanleuca L. Medo Rogam; Athista-
Mentha P. welyam):—
Moringa P. See:—"Corpulence".
Myristica F.
Narasimha Churna. 197. OEDEMA: (Udardam):—
Papaver S. See:—"Anasarca".
Phaseolus species.
Premna integrifolia. 198. OPACITY OF THE
P r u n u s Amyg. CORNEA;—
Ptychotis A. Achyranthes aspera.
Quinetum. Butea frondosa.
Rosebay. Cinnamomum camphora.
Sinapis J. Hedysarum A.
Sodium salts and preparations. Phoenix species.
Squalus C. preparations. Rauwolfia S.
Strychnos N. Saccharum officinarum.
Trihhuvana Keerti Rasa.
"Valeriana species. 199. OPHTHALMIA:
Zingiber O. (Catarrhal and puru-
lent):—
192. NEURASTHENIA:
Adhatoda vasica.
( Thathwonmadam ):— Aloe B. & Aloe L.
Herpestis M. Alumen.
(excessive venery): — Andropogon C.
Strychnos N. Barringtonia R.
(cramps): — Berberis A.
Zingiber O. Cassia Absus & Cassia Auri.
376 THE INDIAN MATEEIA MEDICA

Curcuma L. 202. OTALGIA:—

Cynodon D. Atropha belladonna (P.H.T.)
Emblica O. Gynandropsis P .
Euphorbia N. & R. lUicium V.
Heliotropium I. (Noise in ear with headache):
Holestemma R. Mashahaladi Kvatha. ,
Michelia C. Moringa P .
Mimosa P . Plantago tincture {P.H.T.)
Nerium O.
Njanphoea species. 203. OTORRHOEA:
Papaver S, (Karnasrava):—
Phaseolus species. Allium S.
Phoenix species. Alocasia I.
Rasanjana. Apamarga Taila.
Rasaut. A r u n C.
Rasaventi.
Cleome V.
Rfeinus commimis.
Curcuma L.
Sida C.
(purulent): —• Gulal. . •
Helicteres I.
Sodium salts and preparations. Os Sepie and its preparations.
Symplocos racemosa. Vitis Q. etc.
Tabemamontana species.
Terminaha B. 204. OZAENA: (Feenash):—
200. OPIUM & MORPfflNE Centipeda O.
HABITS.— Eucalyptus G.
Hydrocotyle A,
Avena sativa iP.H.T.) Ocimum species.
Gambogia (Garcinia hanburii) Saccharum officinarum.
(P.H.T.) Sodium salts and preparations.
Squalus C. preparations,
201. ORCHITIS: (Vriddhi):— (locally): —
Tamra Bhasma.
Altingia E.
Bassia La.
Caesilpinia B. 205. PALSY: (Oorustambha):
Canabis S. See also: -"Paralysis".
Gossypium I. & H. Capparis A,
Hamamelis virginiana or Euphorbia R.
verginica (P.H.T.) Ferula A.
Holostemma R. (facial): —
Liquidambar O. Mashahaladi.
(for causing emesis): — Mashahatadi Kvatha.
Madanadhi Vamana. Myristica F.
Randia D. Peganum H.
Vitex N. etc. Semecarpus A.
Vitis V. Strychnos N.
 APPENDICES 377

206. PANNUS CORNEA:— (for sexual): —

See also:—"Eye Diseases". Phosphorus (P.H.T.)
Abrus P. 208. PARAPLEGIA:
(Ardhltavayu; Urustham«
207. PARALYSIS: (Paksha- bha):—
vata; Sarvangavatham; Astakatvara Taila.
Atatvabhinivesh) :-T Cocculus (P.H.T.)
(General and facial):— Ekangaveera Rasa.
See for 'facial'. Lathyrus (P.H.T.)
Aconitum ferox. Phosphorus (P.H.T.)
Allium cepa, for left-sided Semecarpus A.
facial (P.H.T.) Svalparasuna Pinda
Allium S. Yogaraja guggula.
Bala Taila. 209. PARASITES:—
Causticum 30 (P.H.T.) See also:—"Worms".
Celastrus P .
Chhagaladya -JRasa. (pediculi or lice): —
Danavantri ThailaTn. Cocculus S.
Ekangaveera Rasa. (maggots in nose): —
Ferula G. Crataeva N.
(Agitans): — (Vepathoo). (noxious insects): —
Hyoscyamus N. Crinum D.
Ipomoea T. 210. PAROTITIS:--
Mashahaladi Kvatha. See:—"Mumps".
Masha Taila.
Moringa P. 211. PARTURITION: (Prasu-
Mucuna P. tivayu):—
Myristica F.
Orchis M. (delayed): —
Phaseolus species. Moringa P.
Piper species, (lying-in): —
Rhus species (P.H.T.) Ricinus C.
Rubia C. (difficult and delayed labour):
Ruta G. Sapindas T.
Sapindas T. Saubhagya Sunti.
(of tongue): — Sodii B.
Spilanthus O. 212. PERIOSTITIS:— '
Stannum preparations. Indigofera P.
Strychnos N.
(facial): — (Ardit; 213. PERTUSSIS: (Sushka-
Ardditham). Kasam).
Svalparasuna pinda. Lactuca S.
Urgina I. etc.
Vanarn Vatika. 214. PfflMOSIS:—
Vataraktantaka Rasa. Cannabis sativa (PJI.T.)
•378 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

215. PHOSPIIATURIA: Hydnocarpus I.

(Ksharoncha; Kshar- Jatiphaladya Churna.
meha):— Kanaka-Asava.
Orchis M.
Chandraprahha Gutika. (Dyspnoea): —
Tribulus T. Brihat kanchanahhra.
216. PHOTOPHOBIA:— Kanchanaabhra Rasa.
Cannabis S. Khanda Kooshmanda.
(tubercular): —
217. PHTHISIS: (Kshaya; Knysolgan.
Rajayakshama; . Shoash- Mukta Bnasma. (Mytilus mar-
rajyakshma):— garitiferus).
(See:—Consumption, Plumbum.
Tuberculosis). Praval Bhasma (Corallium
rubrum),^
Abhra Bhasma. Sanocrysin.
'^dhatoda Vasica. Sarvanagasundara Rasa.
Allium sativum, Shilajatu.
Asphaltum. Mriganka Rasa.
Banga Bhasma. Mukta Bhasma.
Beninkasa C. Ostrea F. & its preparations.
Boerhavia diffusa. Pottali Hemagarbha Rasa.
Bombax malabaricum. Rajamriganka Rasa.
Borassus F. Ratnagarbha Pottali Rasa.
Butea frondosa. Ratnagiri Rasa.
Caesalpinia D. Sringarabhra or Brihat
Calcarea arsenica i.e. Arsenite Sringarahhra.
of Lime (P.H.T.) Strychnos N.
Cannabis sativa IX (P.H.T.)
Sulphur and its preparations.
Chaturmukha Rasa.
Chavan-aprasa. Suryavartha Rasa.
Cowri Bhasma.. Suvarna or Swarna Bhasma.
(night sweating): — Tamra Parpati.
Adansonia D. Trailokya Chintamani Rasa.
'Cocculus S. '(locally): —
Cuprum sulphas. Vasachandanadi Taila.
Datura fastuosa. VasakushTtianda Kanda.
Plumbum and its salts. Vasava Leha.
Polyporus O. Zincum (reduced).
Rosa species.
Saccharum O. 218. PILES: (Arsas; Arslia;
Emblica O. Baktarsha; Sushkarsas):—
Flacourtia C. (bleeding) (non-bleeding)
Gandhaka Ghrita. See also:—"Indigestion"
Gandhaka Rasayana. and "Liver diseases".
•Gynocardia O. Acacia catechu and Acacia S.
Hedyotis U. Achyranthes A.
 APPENDICES 379

Acorus C. Ipomoea turpethum.

Aegle M. Kumari Asava.
Aesculus hippocastanum. Linum U.
AgTif/niukha Lauha.
Aleurites M. Lippia N. y
Allium C. Luffa A.
Aloe B. Mana Suranadya Lauha.
Amaranthes Pani. Mangifera I.
Melia Azadi.
Amorphophallus C.
Mesua F-
Amrita Bhallataki.
Anacardium orientale (P.H.T.) Mimosa Am. & P.
Andropogon C. Momordica C. & D.
Asari Lauha. Mucuna urens (P.H.T.)
Myrica N. & Sapida.
(bleeding): — (Raktarsha).
Myristica F.
Averrhoea C.
Nelumbiumi S.
Bauhinia V.
Nymphoea species.
Beninkasa C. Pittala Bhasma.
Berberis A. Plantago ispagula.
BerthoUetia E. (Brazil nuts). Plantago Major (P.H.T.)
Bombax malabaricum. Plumbago Zeylanica-
Cannabis' sativa. Pongamia G.
Carica P. Pranada gutika.
Carum carui. Pterocarpus species.
Casearia E. Saraca I.
Changeri Ghrita. Sesamum I.
Cissampelos pareira. Shorea R.
Cyodon D. Sida C.
Dalbergia Sis.
Dasamulakada. Sphaeranthus H.
Datura A. & fastuosa. Tamarindus I.
Terminalia Cheb.
TDillinea I.
(painful):—
Dioscorea B. Papaver S.
Eclipta E. Pavetta I.
Embelia R.
Eriodendron A. Petroselinum (P.H.T.)
Phaseolus species.
Euphorbia N.
Phoenix species.
Ficus C.
Piper species.
Galega P. Pippali Arista.
Gandkakadi Clnima. Plantago I-
Gloriosa S. Plumbago species.
Gossypium I. Plumbum and its salts.
Hedysarum A. Potassium salts.
Hibiscus P. Pranada gutika,
Holarrhena A. Prunus Amyg.
Hypericum P. Pterocarpus species.
Indigofera Tinqt. Punica G.
 380 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Quercus I. Cervus Dama.

Raphanus S. Hirudo medicinalis.
Rasarijana.
Rasaut. 223. PLEURODYNIA:—
Rasavanti. Cervus Dama.
Ricinus C. Cimicifuga (Actaea racem'osa)
Salvadora species. (P.H.T.)
Samasarkara Churna. Citrus L.
Semecarpus A. Ranunculus bulb (P.H.T.) '
Sesamum I. Ricinus Communis.
(inflamed):— 224. PNEUMONIA:
Sodium salts and preparations, (Kaphasanthathajwaram;
(locally):— Raktasthivi-sannipat):—
Tamra Bhasma- (See also:—"Expecto-
Termjnalia B. and Cheb. rants").
Tinospora Cordifolia.
"vVerbascu-m thapsus, (Mullein Aconite (P.H.T-)
leaves) (P.H.T.) Allium sativum.
Vitis V. Aloe barbadensis.
Woodfordia F. Cervus Dama.
Zingiber officinale. Cinnamomum camphora.
Embelia R.
219, PIMPLES:— Ferula A.
(On nose):— Hirudo medicinalis.
Santalum A. Linum U.
Moschus moschirerus.
220. PITYRIASIS: (Seithma; Quinine.
Sidhma):— Strychnos nux-vomica.
Bhringaraja Taila. Trihhuvana Keerti Rasa.
Cassia S. 225. POISONS & POISON-
Eclipta E.
ING: (Stavarajangama
Mallotus P .
Visham):—
221, PLAGUE: (Maraka; Acacia Arabica & A, catechu.
Agnirohini):— Rubia cordifolia.
(See:—"Fevers"). (Croton):—
Ghee. Acorus C.
Ignatia. (Strychnos Ignatii). Ammonii carbonas-
Serpent poison preparations. Boerhavia diffusa.
Tamarix G- Cannabis sativa.
Trichosanthes dioica.
222. PLEURISY: (Puphusapa- (tobacco):— •,
kijvaram):— Alhum C.
See also:—"Pneumonia", (morphine):—
Allium sativa. Cocculus S.
Boerrahavia D. Copper Sulphate.
Cantharis (P.H.T.) Datura F.
 APPENDICES 381

Oxalis Corniculata. (stricture):—

(copper, arsenic—somala- Sulphur and its preparations.
visha, or corrosive subli- (uterus):—
mate) :— Viola species.
Saccharum O. 229. PRURIGO: (Rakasa):—
Triticum S.
(oi various sorts):— Cocculus S.
Salvadora species. Curcuma L.
(opium):— Haridra Kharida.
Saxifraga I. KhadiraMaka.
Strychnos N. Somaraji Taila.
(chronic arsenical):— (chronic):—
Semecarpus A. Urine (cow's) & preparations.
(narcotic):— 230. PRURITUS: (Alasaka):—
Sinapis J. Holarrhena A.*
Strychnos N.
Valeriana species. 231. PSORIASIS:
(lead):— ( Vicharchika):—
Strychnos N. Canarium S.
(by salts of Mercury, Zinc, Cassia S.
Silver, Tin & Iodide)- Cephalandra I.
Triticum S. Dipterocarpus T.
Withanea somnifera. Hibiscus P.
226. PREGNANCY: Hydrocotyle A.
Complaints of: (Garbhavy- 232. PTERYGIUM:—
apath):— Butea F.
Cereum Oxalate (P.H.T.) 233. PUERPERAL DISEA-
Hydrocotyle asiatica (P.H.T.) SES; (Soothikajwaram):—
227. PRICKLY-HEAT^—
Os sepie and its preparations. Pedalium M.
Santalum A. (Convulsions):—
Gardenia F.
228. PROLAPSUS: (Guda- Sodium salts and preparations.
bhramsam):— (diarrhoea):—
Garcinia M. Svalpa Methi Modaka.
Hypericum P . (fevers):—
Podophyllum emodi (P.H.T.) Panchajirakapaka.
Psidiimi G. (for prolapse of Vitex N. etc.
ani). 234. PYAEMIA:
(recti):— Quinine:—
Changeri Ghrita.
Compound Ghrita- 235. PYELITIS (Vrikka-
Quercus I. sodham) & PYELO-
Strychnos N. NEPHRITIS:—
Viola species. Cantharis (P.H.T.)
 382 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

China (Cinchona) (P.H.T.) 239. RHAGADES:—

Eucalyptol for pyelo-nephritis. See:—"Eczema, Skin
also (P.H.T.) diseases and the like).
Liquidambar O.
Santalum A- 240. RHEUMATISM:
Triticum repens. (P.H.T.) (Ssfndfiivata; Amavata;
Rakthavatham):—
236. RESPIRATORY COM- (See also:—"Fevers and
PLAINTS:— Vata diseases").
Cocculus S. Aconitum F. & N.
Ephedra V. Acorus C.
Euonymus. Adityapaka guggula.
Ocimum species, Ajamodadi Chuma.
(painful):— Alpinia ofiicinarum.
Pinus species. Aplotaxis auriculata.
<: Solanum I. Balsamodendron mukul.
'^ (nasal, throat, laryngeal and Boerhavia diffusa.
bronchial):— Calotropis gigantea.
Piper species. Carum copticum-
(catarrhs):— Hydnocarpus wightiana.
Pistacia species. Oleum ricini.
Plantago I. Tinospora cordifolia.
Randia D. (acute):—(Amavatam).
Sinapis J. Alangium D.
(spasmodic and phlegmatic):— Allium cepa & A. sativum.
Sodium salts and preparations. Alstonia scholaris.
Samhharsing Bhasma. C amphora O.
(locally):— Cinchona C.
Sambharsing paste. Prasarini Leha.
(chest diseases):— Quininej^
Sodium salts and preparations- Vitex rsT etc.
(Spasmodic):— ' (chronic):—
Ptychotis A. Andropogon I.
Strychnos N. Cocculus V.
Tylophora A. Devadari Kvatha.
Zingiber O. .Gynocardia O.
(Inflammatory):— Hemidesmus I-
Verbascum T. Hydrocotyle A.
(tightness of chest):— Ipomoea turpethum.
Viola species. Jatropha C.
Myristica F.
237. RETCHING:— Papaver S.
Sinapis J. Pinus deodara and species.
238. RETENTION O F Saussurea L.
URINE: (Mutraghata):— Solanum D.
See:—"Anuria". Squalus C. preparations.
 APPENDICES 383;

Strychnos N. Gokshuradi guggula.

Vateria I. etc. Gossypium I.
Zingiber O.
Grewia A.
(for ordinary simple'acute Guduchyadi Taila.
rheumatism). ^ Guizotia A.
Andropogon M. Heirmodactylus G.
Asparagus O. & R. Herpestis M.
Balsamodendron M". Hinguleshwara Rasa,
Brassica J- Holarrheria A.
Bryonia E. Hyssopus O.
Cadaba I. Illicium V.
Calophyllum A. Ipomoea P . R . & T .
Cannabis S. •• Ithrplial.
Cardiospermum H. Kubja Prasarini Taila,^
(muscular):— Lavendula S.
Carthamus T. Lepidium S.
Chitra Kathi. Litsea S.
Strychnos N. Lycopodium C-
Terminalia cheb. (stiff neck):—
Cassia S. Mashabaladi Kvatha.
Celastrus P. Mattricaria C.
Cinnamomum tamala. Melanleuca L.
CitruUus colocynthis. Mentha P .
Citrus Au. & B. Methi modaka.
Cocculus C. Mica (reduced).
Colchicum L. Michelia C.
Crataeva N- Moringa P.
Crocus S. I Mrityunjaya Rasa.
Croton T. MuUugo C.
Dasamulakada. Myristica fragrans &
Datura A. & fastuosa. momordica.
Pelphinium D. Myrtus C.
Dhanvantri Tailum. Narayana Taila.
Dodonaea V. Nicotiana T.
Ephedra V. Nyctanthes A.
Erythrina I. Ocimum species.
Euphorbia'A. & Tir. Paederia F .
Farsetia A. Pancha Valkaladi Taihim^
Ferula G. ' Pandanus O-
(headache):— Papaver S.
Ficus Benja. Petroleum (externally)
Flacourtia R. & S. (P.H.T.)
Gandhaka Lepa. Peucedanum species.
Gandhakadi Taila- Phaseolus species.
Gaultheria F. Physalis species.
Gendarussa V. Piper longum.
 384 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Plantago I. Vatavaktantaka Rasa.

Plumbago species. (pains):—
Pongamia G. Vitex Nigundo & T- etc.
Potassium salts. Vitis V. •
Premna integrifolia. Vrihat guduchyadi Taila.
Ptychotis A. (with swellings):—
Pyrethrum I. Withania S. etc.
Pyrus species. Xanthoxylum species.
Radia D. Yogaraja guggula.
Ricinus communis.
Rosebay. 241. RICKETS:—
Rourea S. Trigonella F .
Saindhavadya Taila. 242. RINGWORM: (Dadru):
Salvadora species. See also "Skin Diseases":
Sapindas T.
Sarveshwara Rasa. Allium S.
X' Semecarpus A. Andrographis paniculata.
Sesbania species. Butea F.
Sida A . C . & R . Calotropis gigantea.
Siegesbeckia O. etc. Carica P .
Sinhanada guggula. Cassia alata. F . S. & T.
Smilax Chinensis & S. glabra. Cephalandra I.
Sodium 'i-'alts and preparations. Chakramardhd.
Solanum nigrum & S. Xantho- Cinnabar.
carpum (S. Jacquinii). Cocculus S.
Soymida F. Cocos N.
Curcuma L.
Strychnos N.
Embelia Ribes & E. robusta.
Sulphur and its preparations- Euphorbia T.
Sunta Ghrita. Ferula A.
Svalpa Methi Modaka. Hibiscus P .
Terminalia B. Jasminum Ang. & H.
Tionspora cordifolia. Mallotus P.
Toddalia A. etc. Myristica F.
Trayodasang guggula. Nerium O.
(gonorrhoeal):— Ocimum basilicum
Tribulus T. Piper nigrum. ^
Trigonella F. Rasa Karpura,
Triphala guggula. Rhinacanthus C.
(articular):— Siegesbeckia O.
Triticum S. Somraja Tajla.
(syphilitic):— Triticum S.
Somala Bhasma. Urine (Horse's).
Tylophora A.
Urgina I. etc. 243. SALIVATION:—
Vanda R. Acacia catechu.
Vata gvduchyadi Taila. Bauhinia variegata.
 APPENDICES 385

Feronia elephantum. 247. SCROFULA: (Ganda-

Mimusops E. mala-apachi) (See also:-^
Spilanthus O. . • Consumption):—
Amaranthus Pani.
244. SCABIS:—(Pama- Balsamodendron Mukul.
Katchhoo) See "Itches" & (also tumours): —•
"Skin Diseases". Bauhinia T. & V.
Caesalpinia D.
245. SCALDS:—See also:— Clerodendron Inerme, & sipho-
"Burns", "Blisters". nanthus.
Cocculus C.
Basella A. Echinops F.
•Gossypium I. Eulophia V.
Mangifera I. (ulcers): —
Oryza S. Euphorbia A.
Portulaca species. Evolvulus A.
Sesamum I. Fumaria O.
Silicium. salts. Galega P.
Terminalia cheb. Gandhaka Lepa.
Triticum S. Gracilaria L.
Gynocardia O.
246. SCIATICA: (Gridhrasee): Hydnocarpus I. & W.
Hydrocotyle A.
Abrus precatorius.
Kanchanara guggula.
Allium S.
Melia Azadi and Azeda.
Ashtakatvara Taila.
Moringa P.
Bala Taila.
Myrica N.
Brassica N.
Rumex C.
Caryophyllus aromaticus.
Semecarpus A. •
Cassia T. .
Siegesbeckia O. etc.
Cervus dama. Smilax China.
CitruUus colocynthis. Solanum D.
Citruc B. C. & L.
(abscesses):—
Cucumis colocynthis (P.H.T.).
Squalus C. preparations.
Datura A. & F. Sulphur and its preparations.
Euphorbia R. Trigonella F.
Gaultheria F. Tryushanadi Lauha.
Ithrphal (sores):—
Masha-haladi. Vitex N. etc.
Myristica M. Withania S. etc.
Nyctanthes A. Xanthium S. etc.
Piper longum. Zinc salts and preparations.
Prabhanjana Vimardhana.
Saindhavadya Taila.
248. SCURVY:—(Sosham).
Semecarpus anacardium.
Svalparasuna Pinda. Allium cepa.
Viscum album. (P.H.T.), Amhose.
25
 386 THE INDIAN MATERIA. MEDICA

Amchur. Banga hhasma.

Citrus Au. & B. Brihat Somarap Taila.
Feronia F. Calotropis gigantea.
Garcinia Pur. Cassia tora.
Indigofera E. Cedrus deodara.
Mangifera I. Cera flava.
Nyctanthes A. Chakramardha.
Musa S. Chaulmugra OintTuenL
Portulaca species. (Chilblains): —
Psidium G. Cinnabar.
Raphanus S. Citrus B.
Rourea S. Cocculus C.
Rumex C. Piper nigrum.
Salvadora species. Shorea R.
. Solanum T, (freckles): —
<^, Spondias M. etc. Cocos N.
Tamarindus I. Cucumis Melo.
(locally): — Gossypium I.
VasacJiandanadi Taila. Mallotus P .
Vitis Q. etc. Curcuma Am. & Aro., L. & Z.
Cuscuta R.
249. SEA-SICKNESS: Embelia R.
Cocculus indicus (P.H.T.). (chronic): —
Eucalyptus G.'
250. SENILITY:— Panchatikta Ghrita.
Anacardium orientale & occi- SiliciuTn salts.
dentale. (P.H.T.). Sulphur and its preparations.
Taraxacum O. etc.
251. SHOCK:— Urine (cow's) and prepara-
Hypericum perforatum, tions.
(P.H.T.). Vernonia A. & C. etc.
Ficus R. ^
252. SINUS:—(Nadivrana):— Fumeria O.
Allium sativum. Gandha Taila or Gandhakad^
Calotropis gigantea. Taila.
Cupri sulphas. Gandhaka Ghrita.
Jatropha G. Gandhaka Rasayana.
Myrtus C. Gloriosa S.
Plumbago Zeylanica. (measles).
Vitex N. etc. Gorochanajn.
253. SKIN DISEASES:— Guazuma T.
Guduchyadi Taila.
Acacia C. Gynocardia O.
Alangium D. Haridrakhanda.
Altingia E. Hemidesmus I.
Andrographis paniculata. (scabies): —
Balsam of sulphur. Hibiscus P.
 APPENDICES 387

Terminalia Cat. etc. Pterocarpus M. &.Santalinus.

Hydnocarpus I. & wightiana. (obstinate): —
Hydrocotyle A. Ramahan Rasa.
Ichnocarpus F. Rhus S.
Indigofera A. & Tine. (burning of skin and body
Ipomoea Cy. heat): —
Jasminum G. Rosa species.
Kanchanara guggula. Rourea S.
Karaviradya Taila. Rubia C.
Khadirarishta. Santalum A. r
Khadirashtaka. Saussurea L.
Lawsonia A. Sesamum I.
Mallotus P. (excoriations, cracks,,
Melia Azadi, and Azeda. fissures, etc.): —
Mesua F. Sevum preparatum.
Milk of Sulphur. Shorea R.
Nelumbium S. parasitic eruptions): —
Nerium O. Siegesbeckia O. etc.
Nigella S. Sinduradya Taila.
Nirgundi Oil. Sodium salts and preparations.
Nyctanthes A. Solanum D. & N.
(excessive sweating): — Somaraji Taila.
Ochrocarpus L. Sphaeranththus H. etc.
Ocimum species. Squalus C. preparations.
(Inflammatory affections): Stannum preparations.
Oryza S. Sulphur and its preparations.
Zinc salts and preparations. Tabernamontana species.
(excrescences): — Talakesari Rasa.
Oxalis C. (locally):—
(irritable- surface): — Tamra Bhasma.
Plantago I. Tamresvara.
Plumbago species. Terminalia A. Cat. & cheb.
Plumbum and its salts. Tinospora cordifolia.
Pongamia G. Trichosanthes species.
(eruptions): — (tetter and lesions).
Lait virginal. (Tincture of Triticum S.
Benzoin). Urginia I. etc.
Portulaca species.
Prithvisara Taila. Utpaladi Sritam.
Prunus Amyg. Vata guduchyadi Taila.
Rumex C. (Syphilitic): —
Santalum A. Vitex N. etc.
Sesbania species. Vrihat guduchyadi Taila.
(eruptive): —
Prithvisara Taila. Withania S. etc.
Styrax B. Zinc salts and preparations..
Psoralia C. Zingiber Z.
388 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

254. SLEEPLESSNESS:— Beta V.

See "Insomnia". Bisulphuret of arsenic.
255. SMALL POX:— Borax.
(Massoorika; Masurika). CaryophuUus aromaticus.
Agati G. Cassia O.
Asparagus R. Cephalandra I.
Curcuma L. Cleome V.
Fagonia A. Crocus S.
Gorocfianam. Erythrina I.
Lens E. Feronia elephantum.
Melia azadirachta. Ficus glomerata.
Plumbum and its salts. Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Rhus-tox. (P.H.T.). HeHotropiuiTi I. & S.
Trichosanthes dioica. Hibiscus P .
__ Trigonella-f oenum-graecum. (phagedenic and foul): —
V Hydnocarpus I.
'256. SNAKE-BITES: — Ixora C.
Althanea O. Kaphaketu Rasa.
Amaranthus Poly, Mangifera S.
Dodonaea V. Mentha S.
Eclipta E. Moringa pterygosperma.
Euphorbia N. & T. Musa paradisiaca.
Flacourtia S. (irritable): —
Gardenia F. Prunus Amyg.
Gloriosa S. Pterocarpus M.
Gymnema S. (gangrenous): —
Heliotropium E. Siegesbeckia O. etc.
Hibiscus A. Smilax glabra.
Hugonia M. Talisadya Churna.
(Phursa): — Tamarindus indica.
Nerium O. Terminedia balerica &
Ophiorrhiza M. T. chebula.
Pericampylus I. Vitex N. etc.
Salvadora species. (in ears and nostrils): —
Strychnos N. Trichosanthes species.
(foetid and scrofulous): —
257. SORE EYES:—See:— Vitex N. etc.
"Eye Diseases".
259. SORE THROAT:—
258. SORES: (Bed sores and
sores on lips). (See also: "Cough").
.Acacia arabica & catechu. Acacia A. & C.
Acalypha indica. Allium C.
Aconitum ferox & A. nepellus. Alpinia officinarum.
Areca C. Alstonia S.
(Delhi):— Alumina (P.H.T.)
Balsamodendron M. Balsamodendron My.
 APPENDICES 389

Borax. Lawsonia A.
Brassica oleracea (P.H.T.) Makaradhvaja. •
/Capsicum A. Mucuna P.
CaryophuUus aromaticus. Parmelia P.
Coriandrum S. Pedahum M.
Curcuma longa. Plumbum reduced.
Elettaria cardamomum. Saccharum O.
Eugenia J. Sida C.
Feronia E. Stannum preparations.
Glycyrrhiza G. Strychnos N.
Ixora C. Swarna hanga.
Piper cubeba & Piper nigrum. Terminalia A. etc.
Pyrethrum radix, Tribulus T.
(sore mouth and tongue): — Withania S. etc.
Pistacia species,
(relaxed): — 262. SPLEEN COMPLAINTS:
Punica G. (Enlargement; Plihodar;
Quercus I. Pleehavriddhi):—
(chrojiic): — Abhaya Lavana.
Pyrus species. Abhra Bhasma.
Rosa species. , Abies W.
Spinacea O. AUium C.
Talisadya Chuma. Berberis asiatica.
Tamarindus I. Bombax malabaricum.
Terminalia B. & C. Calotropis gigantea.
260. SPASMS:— Capsicum (P.H.T.)
Chicorium I.
Cajuputum. Cimicifuga (P.H.T.)
(Melaleuca leucadendron). Cinchona C.
(P.H.T.) Citrus B.
261. SPERMATORRHQEA: Coiorie Bhasima.
Eclipta A.
(Indriyaskalanam; Eugenia J.
(Siikraineha):— Euphorbia N.
Aconitum ferox. Ficus A.
Adamas.. Flacourtia R.
Aegle marmelos. Gardenia G.
Albizzia lebbek. Gentiana K.
Banga Bhasma. Gymnema S.
Cassia Auri. Hermodactylus G.
Cinnamomum camphor a. Ipomoea D.
Digitalis 3 X. (P.H.T.) Jatropha G.
Ficus B. Lawsonia A.
Holostemma R. Luffa A. & E.
Ipomoea digitata. Melia Azeda.
Lactuca S. Moringa P.
 390 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Ostrea E. and its preparations. Myristica F.

Panchakola Oiurnam. Paeonia E.
Piper Chaba & P. longum. Papaver S.
Potassium salts. Plumbum and its salts.
P r u n u s Amyg. Vitex T.
Punica G. Zingiber officinale.
Pyrethrum I.
Quinetum. 265. SPRUE: (Grahani):—
Saline substances. Aegle marmelos.
Salvadora species. Butter-milk.
Semecarpus A. Citrus aurantium.
Sesbania species. Holerrhena A.
Solanum I. & N. Musa S.
Sulphur and preparations. Oleum ricini.
Swertia C. etc. Punica granatum.
^ Terminalia cheb. Terminalia A.
"^Trigonella F. 266. STAMMERING:—
Viscum species.
Vitex N. & T. Spilanthus O.
Aloe L. 267. STERILITY:—
Cocculus C.
(induration): — Asparagus R.
Hyssopus O. Ficus R.
Jvarasani Rasa. Mimusops E.
Kapardaka Bhasma. Pandanus O.
Rohitaka Lauha. Phalaghrita.
Samhuka Bhasvia. Putranjiva R.
Shanka BhasTua. Withania S. etc.
Sukti Bhasma. 268. STIFF-NECK:
Yakridari Lauha.
(torpid): — (Manyastambha):—
P r u n u s Amyg. Asparagus R.
Mashabaladi Kvatha.
263. SPLENITIS:—
269. STINGS:—
See: "Spleen Complaints".
See: "Bites".
264. SPRAINS:—
270. STOMACH COM-
(See also: Anti-phlogistics).
PLAINTS: (Udara-tioga):
Aplotaxis auriculata.
Cicer A. See also: "Dropsy".
Croton O. Kalyanakshram.
Curcuma Aro. & Curcuma (gastrodynia): —
longa. Ipomoea turpethum.
Garcenia P. Nardostachys J.
Gynandropsis P. (gripes): —
Hibiscus P . Nicotiana T.
 APPENDICES 391

(irritability): — Punarnava Leha.

Ochrocarpus L. Saccharum O.
Ocimum species. Scilla I.
Santalum A. Sida C.
(Inflammatory): — Vemonia C. etc.
Oryza S. 274. SUNSTROKE: (Surya-
(ache):— bhigatajanya moorcha):—
Cuscuta R.
Zingiber O. Cucumis S.
(catarrh): — 175. SWEATING:—
Phaseolus species.'
(disorders): — (excessive): —•
Quinetum. Ochrocarpus L.
(profuse): —
271. STOMATITIS: Santalum A.
(Mukhapaka; Mukha-
roga; Asyapakam):— 276. SWELLINGS:—
Balsamodendron My. Kaemferia R.
Diospyros E. (hands and feet): —
Emblica O. Nigella S.
(parasitic): — Ocimum species.
Plantago I.
Sodium salts and preparations.
Svalpa Khadira vatika. 277. SYNCOPE: (Murccha-
272. STONE IN THE BLAD- Bhrama):—
DER:— See: "Fainting", "Coma".
See: "Calculi". 278. SYNOVITIS: (Kroshtruk-
273. STRANGURY: (Muthra- shirsh; Kroshtiika-seer-
krichchra; Mutrakrachha): sham):—
See also: "Ardor Urinae", (See also: "Rheumatism").
Dysuria. 279. SYPfflLIS: (Firanga-
Abutilon I. roga; Phirangi-rogam):—
Allium C. Acacia catechu.
Amaranthus Pani. Acalypha I.
Boerhavia D. Adansonia D.
Bombax M. Agave A.
Citrullus V. Alangium D.
Clitoria T. Amrita gugg^da.
Cucumis S. Andrographis paniculata.
Erythrina I. Argemone M.
Gossypium I. Argyreia speciosa.
Hemidesmus I. Arsenious acid.
Hibiscus Rosa S. & Sab. Balsamodendron M.
Linum U. Berberis asiatica.
Oxalis C. • Bryonia E.
392 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Calotropis G, Vasanta Malti.

Cassia tora. Triphala guggula.
Chandrodaya Rasa. (syphilitic rheumatism): —
Clerodendxon inerme. Tylophora A.
(secondary): — Vatari guggula.
Cocculus C. Vitex N. etc.
Devadari-kvatha. Zinc salts and preparations.
.Gynocardia O.
Plumbago species. 280. TAENIA:—
Vanda R. Beninkasa C.
(cachexia): — Gisekia P .
Cocculus V. Gynocardia O.
Davakusumadi Rasa. Mallotus P.
Delphinium D.
Dioscorea B. 281. TAILOR'S CRAMPS:—
Echinops H. Anagallis arvensis (P.H.T.)
Eclipta E. 282. TENESMUS:—
Ephedra V. Gossypium I.
Erythrina F. Sida C.
Evolvulus A. 283. TETANUS: (Akshepaka-
Ficus glomerata. vatham; Dhanustambha):—
Fumaria O. (See: Paralysis & Rheu-
Hemidesmus I. matism).
Hydrocoytle A.
Ichnocarpus F. Datura fastuosa.
Indigofera A. Eclipta E.
Kaisara guggula. Hypericum perforatum
Kanchanara guggula. iP-H.T.)
Melia Azadi. Narayana Taila.
Moschus moschiferous. Nicotiana T.
Narasimha Churna. 284. THIRST: (Trashna;
Smilax C. etc. Trishna):—
(eruptions): —
Nirgundi Oil. (in fevers): —
Rasa-karpur. Andropogon Muricatus.
Rourea S. Coriandrum sativum.
Rumex C. Cyperus rotundus.
Salvarsan. Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Saptasali Vati. Kyllingia T.
Semecarpus A. Mollugo cerviana.
Pterocarpus santalinus.
Siegesbeckia O. etc.
Punica granatum.
Silicium salts.
Smilax glabra. 285. THROAT AFFECTIONS:
Solanum D. (Kantharoga):—
Somala Bhasma. See also: "Sore Throat".
Suvama.
Altingia E.
 APPENDICES 393

Feronia E. Paederia E.
Hordeum V. Papaver S.
Pandanus O. Pistacia species,
Rosa species. (ache):—
Zingiber O. Arsenic (P.H.T.)
(pectoral complaints): — Pistacia species.
Zizyphus J. etc. Piper species,
(toothache): —
286. THRUSH:— Plantago (P.H.T.)
Sodium salts and preparations. Pterocarpus M.
Rumex C. ,
287. TOBACCO CRAVING:— Sinapis J.
Plantago Major (P.H.T.) . Solanum I.
Spilanthus O.
288. TONSILLITIS: (Gala- Tabernamontana species.
graha; Kanthashalooka):— Xanthoxylum species.
(acute): — (Cleansing of teeth) : —
Cinchona C. Salt-water (P.H.T.)
Garcinia M. (to strengthen teeth and
Phyllanthus species. gums):—
Piper betle. Salvadora species,
(enlarged tonsils): — (teething among children): —
Quercus I. (Dantodhheda).
Rosa species. Saxifraga L.
Zingiber officinale.
289. TOOTH COMPLAINTS:
(Dantaroga):— 290. TRACHOMA:—
Argemone M. Abrus precator^us (infusion
Calotropis gigantea. for instillation).
Caryophyllus aromaticus.
Cinnamomum C. 291. TUBERCULOSIS:
Datura A. (Rajayakshma):—
Delphinium D. See: "Phthisis"; consump-
Embelia R. tion, etc.)
Erythrina I.
Euphorbia A. & Tir. 292. TUMOURS: (Gulma):—
Ferula A. (malignant): —
Ficus B. & G. Anona S.
Gardenia G. (scrofulous): —
Holarrhena A. Bauhinia T. & V.
(loose teeth): — Carbonate of Potash.
Mimusops E. (cheloid): —
(carifes):— Cassia T.
Moringa P. Fagonia A.
Myrica sapida. Ipomoea turpethum.
Myristica "M. (abdominal): —
Ochrocarpus L. Ostrea E. and its preparations.
 394 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Plumbago Zeylanica. Bombax malabaricum.

Saline substances. Borassus F.
Papaver S. Boswellia G.
Salv^dora species. Calotropis G.
Saraca indica. Capparis A.
Sarjikadya Chuma. Careya A.
Saussurea L. Carthamus T. .
Semecarpus anacardiura. Cassia O.
Sphaeranthus H. & I. (foul): —
Symplocos racemosa. Cassia T.
Cera flava.
293. TYMPANITIS: Cinnamomum camphora.
(Adhmanam; Anaham):— Cocculus S.
(See also: "Ear-ache"). Cuprum sulphas.
Carpum copticum. Eucalyptus G.
294. TYPHOID FEVER: Euphatorium A.
Gardenia G.
"^Sannipatha-jwaram; Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Fralapak):— Holarrhena A.
See also: "Fevers". Melia Azadi.
Pongamia G.
(for Diarrhoea): — Saccharum O.
Alumina (P.H.T.) Styrax B.
Anandabhairava Rasa. Woodfordia F.
Artemesia absenthium Cedrus D.
(P.H.T.) Curcuma L.
Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Cyperus R.
Coffea Arabica (P.H.T.) Diospyros M.
Ferula asafoetida. Dipterocarpus T.
Oxalis C. Eucalyptus G.
Sodium salts and preparations. (scrofulous): —
Svalpa-kasturi-bhairabi Rasa. Euphorbia A. & N.
295. TYPHUS FEVER:— Execaria A.
Gynandropsis P. Geranium maculatum (P.H.T.)
296. ULCERS: (Vrma; (indolent): —
Vranam):— Ferri sulphas.
Ferula O.
See also: "Antiseptics"; Ghee.
"Sores"; "Wounds". Lens E.
Acacia Arabica & A. catechu. Lippia N.
Allium sativum. Mel depuratum.
Andrographis paniculate. (gastric): —
Aplotaxis auriculata. (Sulam; Parinama Sulam).
Balsamodendron M. and O. Olive Oil (P.H.T.)
Bambusa A. Styrax B.
Bisulphurate of arsenic. Tamarindus I.
 APPENDICES 395

Terminalia T. etc. Symplocos racemosa.

"Ficus R. 1 >> Squalus C. preparations.
Galega P. ' ^ ^ S Tamarix G.
Garcinia Pur. f ^ .3 g Terminalia A. & C. etc.
Gossypium I. [ 'B 3 Trichosanthes species,
Hemidesmus I. ^ ° (hollow): —
(chronic): — Triphala.
Jatropha G. Triphala guggula.
Terminalia cheb. Triticum S.
(small-pox): — Vateria I. etc.
Lens E. (obstinate): —
Mangifera S. Vitex Negundo.
(from b u r n s ) : — Withania S. etc.
Manjishtddya Ghrita. Woodfordia floribunda.
Myrica sapida. Zizyphus J. etc.
Myristica M. 297. URETHRAL DISEASES:
Myrtus C.
(gastric and duodenal): — Cordia myxa.
(Parinama Sulam). Elephantopus S.
Oryza S. Hibiscus P.
(plain and irritable): — (urethritis): —
Papaver S. Pinus species.
Pedalium M. Pongamia G.
Phosphorus (P.H.T.) Prameha MihAra Taila.
Phyllanthus species. Sodium salts and preparations.
Pinus species. Siegesbeckia O. etc.
Piper betle. 298. URIC ACID DIATHESIS:
Plantago ispagula. (Sikatameha):—
Plumbago zeylanica. See "Gout".
Plumbum reduced.
Pongamia glabra. 299. URINARY COM-
Prithvisara Taila. PLAINTS: (Prameham;
Punica G. Pram«ha Pitakas):—
Rourea S. See also: "Anuria;
Rubia C. Enuresis; Diabetes, Dropsy;
Santalum album. Nephritis; Gonorrhoea; etc.
Saussurea L. Althaea O. ^for irritability),
Sesamum I. (dribbling of urine in old
Shanklia Bhasma. men): —
Shorea R. Benzoic Acid (P.H.T.)
. (syphilitic): — Changeri Ghrita.
Adansonia D. Potassium salts.
Nerium O. Prameha Mihira Taila.
Silicium salts, Ricinis C.
(sloughing): — Strychnos P.
Sodium salts and preparations. Vitex N. etc.
396 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Zea M. etc. Pedalium murex.

Cissampelos P. Strychnos N.
Cocculus C. Styrax B.
Cocos N. Sulachanamritabhra.
(genital): — Terminalia -cheb.
Coriandrum S. (bloody u r i n e ) : —
Cucumis Melo & S. Tribulus T.
Cucurbita M.
Gochuradi (or Gochurathi) 300. URTICARIA:
Churnam. (Seetapitta; Shithapitha):—
Gokshuradyava Leha. Apis {P.H.T.)
Grewia W. Ardrakor-khanda.
Hedysarum A. Curcuma L.
Hemidesmus I. Haridrakhanda.
Herpestis M. Ptychotis ajowan.
(catarrh): — Zingiber officinale.
Horde\|m V.
Hyoscyamus N. 301. UTERINE DISEASES: —
"Malva S. - (See: "Menstrual disor-
Pistacia species, ders"; Menorrhagia; Dys-
(polyuria): —
menorrhoea; Amenorrhoea
Laboobai Saghur.
Mehamudgara Rasa. and "Abortifacients"):—
Melia Azadi. Andropogon Muricatus.
Mimosa P. Asoka Ghrita.
Pedalium M. Aurum muriaticum natronatum
Physalis species. (P.H.T.)
Portulacca species, Bombax malabaricum.
(painful): — Coccus lacca.
P r u r u s Amyg. Crocus S.
Raphanus S. Cuminum cyminum.
Rhus aromatica for anuria & (menstrual derangement): —
enuresis (P.H.T.) Curculigo O.
Senna for oxaluria (P.H.T.) Dolichos Bif.
Saccharum O. (haemorrhages): —
Sodium salts and preparations, Eclipta E.
(scalding urine):— (during gestation): —
Sida R. Utpaladi Sritam.
Tamarindus I. (catarrh): —
(calculi): — Ferula foetida & F. & G.
Spinacea O. Urtica D.
(retention): (Mutraghatam): (discharges): —
Strychnos N. Glycyrrhiza G.
(incontinence) •:— Gossypium I.
(Mootrasangam). Grangea M.
Aconitum ferox. Holerrhena A.
Majoonai Kuvathiabah. Punica G.
 APPENDICES 397

Styrax B. 305. VENEREAL DISEASES:

(prolapsus).: — See also "Syphilis".
Hypericum P.
, Myrtus C. Indigofera E.
Nigella S. Semecarpus A.
Paeonia E.
Papaver S.
Pedalium M. Miirccha-Bhrama):—
Peterosalinum S. Ambra grisea (Ambergris)
(irritability): — (P.H.T.)
Potassium salts. Coriandrum. S.
Punica G.. Nux vomica (B.H.T.)
(painful affections of uterus): Ruta iP.H.T.)
Pessaries of saffron (P.H.T.)
Saraca I. 307. VOICE: (To hold & to help
Symplocos R. singers):—
Tribulus T.
Viburnam F. Mentha piperita (P.H.T.)

302. UVULA: (Elongation):— 308. VOMITING: (Chardi;

Chhardhi):—
Allium S.
(uvulitis): — See also: Indigestion.
Phyllanthus species. Abies Webbiana.
(relaxed): — Aconitum heterophyllum.
Acacia catechu. Acorus calamus.
Symplocos R. Andropogon muricatus. '
Bergera K.
303. VAGINISMUS:— Brassica A.
Cinnamomum-C. & F.
Zingiber O. Citrus B . & 1-.
Cyperus R.
304. "VATA" DISEASES:— Elettaria cardamomum.
Allium sativxim. Hemidesmus I.
Alpinia officinarum. Mentha P.
(bilious): —
Andrographis paniculata. Mentha S.
Cinnamomum camphora. MoUugo cerviana.
Ferula foetida. Myristica fragrans.
Hydrargyrum. Nardostachys jatamansi.
Moschus moschiferus. Plumbum and its salts.
Tamarindus indica.
Piper longum & its root. (obstinate): —
Sida cordifolia. Silicium salts.
, Solanum Xanthocarpum. Sinspis J.
Triphala. Terminalia Cheb.
Zingiber O.
Vitex negundo.
 398 TllE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

309. WARTS: (IVTasaka; 313. WOMB DISEASES:—

Mashak):— See: "Uterine Diseases".
See also: Corns. 314 WORMS: (Krimi): —
Achyranthes asp^ra. Acalypha I.
,A.nacardium O. Acorus C.
Carica P. Aleurites M.
Euphorbia A. Alocasia I.
Jasminum G. Aloe B.
Mangifera indica. Alstonia S.
Oxalis C. I
Andropogon C.
Semecarpus A. Aristolochia B.
Urginia I. etc.
Artemesia A.
•\Vhite cabbage (^'.H.T.)
Bauhinia V.
^310. WHITE A N T S : _ Blumea B.
v' Boerhavia diffusa.
Melia Azadi. Butea frondosa.
Dillenia I.
311. WHITLOWS:— Embelia R.
Apis (P.H.T.)' Potassium salts.
Crinum D. (round & tape): —
Dioscorea (P.H.T,) Areca C.
Euphorbia A. (tape): —
Nitric acid (P.H.T.) Ammonium embelate.
Ordinary lemon (P H.T.) Argemone M.
Sulphur 200 (P.H.T.) Cocos N.
Cucurbita M.
312. WHOOPING COUGH:— Garcinia P.
Kamala powder.
Allium cepa. Mallotus P.
Alum (P.H.T.) Punica G.
Cannabis S. (thread): —
Ephedra vulgaris ^ Bambusa A.
Eucalyptus G. Gisekia P .
Euphorbia N. & Tir. Quassia E.
Ferula A. Sodium salts and preparations.
Gorochanam. (round): —
Indigofera T. Allium S.
Justice adhatoda. Bhoonimbadi Churnam.
Opuntia dillenii. Carica P .
Lemonade (P.H.T.) Cleome V.
Pongamia G. Colycopterus F .
Sinapis J. Cyperus P.
Sulphur fumes. Ferula asafoetida (P.H.T.)
Tylophora A. Gardenia G.
Zinc salts and preparations. Gynandropsis P.
 APPENDICES 399

Hyssopus O. Ruta G.
Mangifera I. Sapindas T,
Mucuna P. Semecarpus anacardium.
Vernonia A. Sesbania species.
(ankylostoma): — Solanum I.
Ceropegia B. Spaeranthus H.
Citrus A. Stannum (P.H.T.)
Cyperus R. Strychnos N.
Daemia E. Sulphur and its preparations.
Spinacea O. Tabernamontana species.
(guinea): — Terminalia cheb.
Anona squamosa. Trichosanthus species.
Carica papaya. Urine (Ox's).
Datura A. Vernonia C. etc.
Vernonia C. etc. (haematinic): —
Ecliptai E. Vidanga Lauha.
Emblica O., Vitex N. etc.
Etrythrina I. Zingiber Z.
Eulophia V. (Hook Worms): —
Gloriosa S. Thymol (P.H.T.)
Holarrhena A. (all kinds of worms, trichinosis,
Melia Azadi. tapeworms): —
Saline substances. Cuprum oxydatum nigrum 'x
Sida A. (P.H.T.)
Sodium salts and preparations. (Seat worms)
Urine (horse's). Urtica Urens (P.H.T.)
Euphorbia T. 315. WOUNDS: (Salbovrana;
Ferula A. Sadyovrana).
Helleborus N.
(round and thread) : — Acacia catechu.
Embelia ribes. Acalpha indica.
Holarrhena A. Acorus calamus.
Kitamarda Rasa. Agave Americana (P.H.T.)
KriTnighafiini gutika. Arum C.
Krwnimudgara Rasa. Balsamodendron O.
Luffa E. Bombax malabaricum.
Mallotus P. Borax.
Melia azadirachta. Calotropis gigantea & C.
Moringa P . procera.
Nigella S. Cupri sulphas.
Nyctanthes arbortristis. Cynodon dactylon.
Picrorrhiza kurrooa. Cyperus rotundus.
Piper species. Lactuca Scariola (P.H.T.}
Ptychotis A. Mel depuratum.
Pyrethrum I. Saccharum officinarum.
Quassia E. Sida cordifolia.
400 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

(contusions and bruises): Hydnocarpus I.

Coscinum F. Kaempferia R.
Crocus S. »Oryza S.
Curcuma Aro. & Z. (abrasions): —
Ferula foetida. Potassium salts.
Papaver S. Saussurea L,
Plumbum and its salts. Sesamum I.
Symplocos racemosa. Zinc salts and preparations,
Terminalia A. etc. (caused by poisoned arrows):
Desmodium T. Spondias M. etc.
Fagonia A. Sterculia A.
Friar's Balsam. (cuts): —
Ghee. Sty rax B.
(bruises): — Woodfordia F.
G a r c i n ^ P. Zinc salts and preparations.
Hibisciis P. e
Mentha S. 316. WRITER'S CRAMPS:—
Paeonia E.
Potassium salts. Ambra grisea (Ambergris).
(maggots): — (P.H.T.)

Publications referred: •

(1) Clinical Application of Ayurvedic Remedies, (1924)

by Zandu Pharmaceutical Works, Ltd., Bombay.
(2) Fundamental Principles of Ayurvedic Medicine, by
Government of Madras, Madras.
(3) One Hundred Useful Drugs (1927), by Dr. A. Laksb-
mipathi.
(4) Pharmacopoeia Indica (1932), by Dr. K. C. Bose.
(5) Practical Homoeo Therapeutics (1950), by Dr.
Ghoshal.
(6) Prospectus of the Government Ayurvedic and Unani
College, (1937), Mysore.
(7) Vegetable Drugs of India (1924), by Dr. D.J. Sanyal.
 APPENDICES 401
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 APPENDICES 411

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412 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Informative Points:—
(1) Total nutritive value or percentage of total nutriment
in dried fruits is more than in fresh raw fruits. (2) An,
excess of cereal foods has a bad efi'ect on the teeth.
Cocoanut oil; gingelly oil; linseed oil; groundnut oil;
olive oil; cotton-seed oil; mustard oil; cocogem; etc., have
almost the same percentage of fats and calories per lb. as the
cod liver oil and fish liver oil.

Cholesterol contents of food-stuffs:-^

Animal Foods Vegetable Foods

• Egg, 1.85' %• Onions 0.05 %.

: Y c ^ o f egg 2 %• Carrotg 0.03 %.
Cheese 0.8 %. Bread 0.025 %.
Bacon 0.4 %• Semolina (suji) 0.02 %.
Pork 0.24 %- Potatoes 0.015 %.
Butter 0.1 %. Chocolates . . 0.07 %.

N.B.—^Animal food-stuffs contain much more cholesterol

than do vegetable ones. E. & O. E-
The amount of food required by the average individual
to enable him to do moderately hard work has been
scientifically worked out in what are termed calories, each
article of diet having a certain caloric value. These calories
are obtained from the proteins, carbo-hydrates, fats, salts and
water.
The term calorie' (large*) means the amount of heat
that is required to raise one pound of water 4° F., or raise
the temperature of one kilogramme (2.2 pounds) of water
1° Centigrade; an amount of energy equal to that required
for raising a weight much greater than our own bodies several
feet off the ground. The Calorie is a standard which is as
appUcable in estimating the energy value of foods as the
gramme or pound is in calculating weight.
* In measuring the heat value of foods the large calorie,
which is 1,000 times greater than the one used in Physics, is
used. The gramme is also used as the unit of weight for foods,
one Gramme = 15 grains; 1 ounce = 28.35 grammes.
 APPENDICES 413

Caloric Value of Food Constituents:—

One (gr. or grm.) gramme of either pure protein or carbo-
"hydrate (sugar or starch) yields or furnishes respectively,
on combustion 4.1 calories of heat; 1 gramme of fat yields
•on an average 9.3 calories; and 1 gramme of alcohol yields
7.0 calories of heat to the body.
The method of applying the Calorie standard to a food
or any portion of diet, is very simple; in the case of protein
and carbo-hydrates, the percentage contained in the food or
diet is multiplied by 4.1 and in the case of fat by 9.3; the
sum of these products is the total Calories yielded by 100
grammes of the food or diet. (1 lb. = 453.592 grms.)
O'Meara.
"Scientists have proved by experiment that the foods we
eat are oxidised in the body giving off carbon-di-oxide and
water and releasing heat by which the warmth of the body
is maintained and energy for work provided. Scientists have
also been able to determine the amount of heat with which
each feed will, furnish the body and they indicate this quantity
in term of Calories. In other words, the caloric value of any
food is the measure of energy which is given out by the
complete oxidation or burning up of substance in the body.
A man doing moderately hard work requires food yielding
from 2,500 to 3,500 Calories a day." (Scottish Manhood, Octr.
1926).
"The length of time" required for stomach digestion varies
with different food substances; (vide this Table) and also
depends upon the condition under which the food is eaten.
Healthy stomach digestion requires at least 5 hours for its
completion, and the stomach should have an hour for rest
before another meal. If fresh food is taken before that which
preceded it is digested, the portion of food remaining in the
stomach is likely to undergo fermentation, thus rendering
the whole mass of food unfit for the nutrition of the body,
besides fostering various disturbances of digestion. It has
been shown by recent observations that the length of time
required for food to pass through the entire digestive process,
to which it is subjected in the mouth, stomach and small
intestines, is from 12 to 14 hours.— ("Science in the Kitchen",
by Mrs. E. E. Kellogg, A.M.,—Library of Health, Vol. V.)
"The most complete foods from the nutritional standpoint
are the leafy vegetables,"—"Kidneys is better from the
nutritional standpoint than- Beefsteak"; "Whole wheat flour
contains only about 95% of the whole wheat kernel, while
414 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

graham flour contains the whole kernel, and more of the

minerals,— (Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium and the Phos-
phates)"—(New Pocket Quiz Book, (1945) by Slider and
Crittenden).
The undermentioned Tables taken from an article by
Drs. Samsum Blatherwick and Smith, in the Journal of the
American Medical Association, (Vol. 81, No. 11, Page 883),
give the principal foods, which are predominantly Acid and
Alkali producing respectively: —

Table 1. Acidity of certain Table 2. Alkali producing

foods. Per 100 Grammes. Foods. P e r 100 Grammes.

Bread, white. 2.7. Almonds, . 12.38.

Bread, whole wheat 3.0. Apples, 3.76.**
Corn, sweet, dried, .95 Asparagus, .81.
Crackers, 7.81. Bananas, 5.56.**
Cranberries, * Beans, dried, . 23.87.
Eggs, .. 11.10 Beans, Lima, dried 41.65.
Egg white. 5.24. Beets, . 10.86.
Egg yolk, . 26.69. Cabbage, 4.34.
Fish haddock. . 16.07. Carrots, . 10.82.
Fish, pike. . 11.81. Cauliflower, 5.33.
Meat, beef lean, 13.91. Celery, 7.78.
Meat, chicken, . 17.01. Chestnuts, 7.42.
Meat, frog, . 10.36. Currants, dried. . 5.97. .
Meat, pork lean, . 11.87. Lemons, 5.45.
Meat, rabbit, . 14.80. Lettuce, 7.37.
Meat, veal. . 13.52. Milk Cow's, 2.37.
Oysters, . 30.00. Muskmelon, 7.47.**
Oat meal, . 12.93. Oranges, 5.61.**
Pea nuts. 3.9. Peaches, 5.04.
Prunes, plums. * Peas, dried, 7.07.
Rice, 8.1. Potatoes, 7.19.**
Additional Acic -producing Radishes, 2.87.
foods:- Raisins, , 23.68.
(1) Bacon. Turnips, 2.68.
(2) Fish; Salmon ; Sardines. Additional Alkal i-producing
 APPENDICES 415

Table 1. Acidity of certain Table 2. Alkali producing

foods. Per 100 Grammes. Foods. Per 100 Grammes.

(3) Mutton. foods: —

(4) Walnuts. (1) Beans, string.
(2) Cocoanuts.
(3) Cucumbers.
(4) Molasses.
(5) Mushrooms.
(6) Onions.
(7) Pears.
(8) Peas, green.
E. & O.E.

It will be observed from these that in the main, eggs, fish,

meats and oysters are the greatest acid-producing foods which
enter into the dietary, most commonly used.
* The ash of these foods is alkaline, but because of con-
tained substances which form hippuric acid in the body, they
increase the acidity of the urine.
* * These foods have been found experimentally to b e
very efficient in reducing the acidity of the body.
(From "Obesity: Its Types and Treatment", booklet
published by Battle and Co.'s Chemists' Corporation, St.
Louis, Me.)

APPENDIX V

Vitamins in Foods And Dietetic Articles

Vitamin constitutes an unknown substance or a small vital
element, "Accessory Food Factor", or "a constant constituent
of living tissues"—also a body builder, discovered by Funk,
existing in several of our important dietetics in very minute
quantities, and found from careful investigation and experi-
ments to be the most essential one for normal development
of the young and maintenance of health, in addition, to the
five well-known elements, viz., proteins, carbo-hydrates, fats,
salts and water.
"The number of vitamins thought to exist is increasing.
Some, but not all of the newly discovered ones, have been
shown to be necessary to human beings. The chemical com-
 416 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

position of vitamins, A, Bj, C, Do, Do, E, K, riboflavin, nicotinic

acid, pyridoxine and pantothenic acid is known, and some of
them have been synthesised. On the other hand, "Vitamin"
Bn, and Factor "Y" are now thought to be identical with
pyridoxine. Fresh evidence of the existence of the "Case in
Factor" has come from America".— (For more exhaustive
details, re. Vitamins, read Chapters on Vitamins in "The
Extra Pharmacopoeia" (1943), by Martindale, and "Treatise
on Tropical Therapeutics", (1950), by Sir R. N. Chopra, etc.)
Surgeon-General Gumming of the United States Public
Health Service, says:—"Let me emphasize this fact: We
should obtain our vitamins from our food supplies and not
from drug stores or from nostrum vendors; we need select
only the proper foods to eat, and we will got an abundant
supply of these precious substances".— ("Drugless Road to
t'Perfect Health", by Joseph H.-Greer, M . D . ) .
Vitamins exist in most of the natural foods, both animal
and vegetable, particularly in glandular organs and products,
(e.g. milk, eggs, and liver, and in green grasses, vegetables
and fruits, and in the Embrayo and Hilla of Cereals and
"Yeast). Vitamins are produced more in plants, from which
they pass directly with vegetable foods and indirectly with
animal foods into the human system"; and it is from such
sources that milk^—human or animal—obtains the high per-
centage of vitamins that is so valuable to infants and young
animals. '
It is found that food free",from vitamins is apt to cavise
diseases, generally known as deficiency diseases,—such as
scurvy beri-beri, rickets, eye-diseases like Xerophthalmia or
Kerato-malacia, pellagra, osteomalacia, etc. and absence of
vitamins may even cause death. It is even said that without
vitamins, we slowly perish, physically and mentally. Vitamins
themselves do not contribute to the energy supply of the body,,
but facilitate utilization by it of proteins, fats, carbo-hydrates,
and salts of food and vice-versa, i.e., they are complementary
to each other.
"The best and only certain source of all the vitamins is
a well balanced diet; therefore, a person in health with
proper ^nutrition does not require vitamin supplements. Yet
many persons, even in good economic circumstances, eat less
vitamin containing foods than are necessary for optimal health.
No controlled evidence exists to show that vitamins exert a
"tonic" eifect. There is probably much indiscriminate use of ,•
the vitamin supplements. In illness there may be considerable
variation in the body requirements depending upon age,
 APPENDICKS 417

activity, diet, metabolic rate, and other factors affecting the

absorption, utilization and excretion of the vitamins. Vitamin
deficiencies are usually multiple, particularly of fat soluble or
B complex vitamins as a group. Early signs of vitamin de-
ficiency are usually non-specific, vague, mild, easily misinter-
preted or missed entirely. The crude sources of the vitamins
are often more efficacious in "therapy than the pure or
synthetic. Only during the more severe phases of the
deficiencies is it usually necessary to resort to the use of
"pure" vitamins. Treatment of vitamin deficiencies requires
an adequate, balanced, high protein, high vitamin diet, in
addition to necessary vitamin supplements. In general, it is
wise to use vitamins therapeutically in 5-10 times the amount
required for daily maintenance."—"Handbook of Medical
Management." (1951).
"Vitaniins", says Dr. Hector Munro, a Harley Street
Specialist, "are nothing more nor less than stored sun-light.
The rays of light most valuable to health are those to the
right of the spectrum, and when these rays are excluded from
an area in which a plant has been placed, the plant dies.
These rays are caught and held by the fruits of the earth and
are the vitamins of which so much has been heard, lately.
Oranges and lemons contain a higher percentage of stored
sun-light than any o,ther fruits in the world."
"As regards the question of the vitamins in general, I am'
of opinion that their importance is being over-estimated by
the public at the present tiiiie, or perhaps it would be better
to say, that the importance of making special provision for
them is over-estimated. If the diet is right in other respects,
and especially, if it contains a reasonable amount of milk,
animal fat, and green vegetables, then the Vitamins may be
left to look after themselves. Should you, however, fear that
the diet may be deficient in the most important of the Vitamins
—the fat-soluble—I should advise you to supply them in a
natural form, such as fish-oil, rather than as one of the many-
artificial preparations with which the market is now flooded."
(Dr. Robert Hutchison in "British Medical Journal",
10-3-1934).
Isolation of a number of Vitamins in crystalline form,
recognition of various clinical pictures due to deficiency of
these vitamins, and standardisation of dosage in treating
these conditions, constitute an important advance in
medicine during the past decade. The subject of vitamin
deficiency, however, has resulted in widespread exploitation
of the public and claims that are obviously extravagant are
21
418 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

constantly being made. The recognition and treatment of early

deficiency-states present many difficulties. Gayer has recently
brought the material together in a compact form. He iound
that single deficiencies rarely occurred in men. For this rea-
son, the clinical picture may be exceedingly complex. It is
unwise to make, a diagnosis on the basis of symptoms alone.
In patients who have an actual deficiency, satisfactory
response to oral therapy may be anticipated within 1 to 3
weeks. The physician should be familiar with the particular
product that he is prescribing and should compare the dosage
listed on the label with the therapeutic requirements given in
the following Table that was prepared by the Food and.
Nutrition Board of the National Research Council; —

Daily Dietary Allowance of Vitamins for Adults

^, For For
V
men women
weight weight Mini- Therapeu-
150 lbs. 120 lbs. mum. tic Dose.

Vit. A. International Units.3. 5000. 5000. 4000. 25,000.

Thiamin, mg. 1.8. 1.5. 1. 10 to 20.
Riboflavin, mg. 2.7. 2.2 2. 5 to 15.
Niacin, mg. 18. 15. 10. 100 to 150.
Ascorbic acid, mg. 75. 70. 30. 100 to 300.
Vitamin D. Int. Units. 400.
("Pharmacology & Therapeutics", (1948) by Dr. M. A.
Kamath)
"Diets, deficient in one vitamin, are often deficient in
others. Test administration of one of the B. Group of Vitamins
gives more accurate information for diagnosis purposes than
giving of foodstuffs rich in all members of this group. If
deficiency of one member of this group is. demonstrated, it
may be assumed that deficiency of the others either exist or
is near at hand, and the proper treatment would be to provide
all the Vitamins in abundance. Not all the Vitamins are equally
important to ordinary man, who is chiefly concerned with
A . B . C . and D . " All vitamins appear to function as enzymes
or co-enzymes in important metaboUic processes.
"Vitamins are non-amino acid organic compounds
supplying active groups in hormones, respiratory enzymes and
other substances controlling the activities of the body", that
must be supplied to the organism from exogenous sources. "If
 APPENDICES 419

a person with depleted body reserves of one of the water-

soluble Vitamins is given daily a dose representing several
times the daily requirements of that Vitamin, most of it will
. b e retained in the body until the body reserves have been
built up, after which, the greater part of each dose will be
excreted in the urine. Thus, by testing the urine daily until
there is a sudden marked increase in its content of the parti-
cular Vitamin, we can find how much of the Vitamin had to
be given to saturate the body reserves, and thus obtain
a measure of the degree of deficiency. Such urine saturation
tests have been widely employed in nutritional surveys to
discover whether the diet has been supplying the deficiency
of a given vitamin."—(Pharmaceutical Pocket Book, 1944^
Page, 296).
"The body needs a wide variety of substances for repairs;
some of these it can manufacture, but others it has to obtain-
ready-made. The latter fall into two groups, viz., those which
are stable, and those which are easily destroyed. Metallic
salts hke those of iron are'stable ones. The unstable group
of substances are present in fresh food, vegetables or fruits,
but are easily destroyed by processes used in food preservation,
and these are Vitamins. Both of these groups enter into the
composition of blood through the food stuffs, that animals eat.
But as Vitamins are produced only Ln plants, they pass directly
with vegetable food,, but indirectly with animal foods, into
the human system. It has been observed that a total depriva-
tion of these Vitamins in the case of rapidly growing animals,
(human beings also) lead to diseases, now known as 'deficiency
diseases',—the most common being, Scurvy, Beri-beri, Rickets
and Pellagra. Recent investigations have led to the discovery
of minimum human needs of the various Vitamins. It is
important to remember that the minimum requirement is not
the same as the.optimum supply. The aim of nutrition is
not to discover the deficient diets on which human beings
can manage to survive, but the diets optimum for the mainte-
nance of full health and activity. The effects provided by
complete Vitamin-lack are much easier to recognise than
are the effects of partial deficiency; and these latter are more
important in the investigation of disease.
Vitamin deficiency may arise from three causes: (1)
Deficiency of Vitamins in food; (2) Failure to absorb Vitamins
from food; (e.g.—Chronic gastritis may prevent the absorption
of water soluble Vitamins; obstrusive jaundice prevents the
absorption of Vitamin K., leading to a tendency of bleeding
which is noticed in Cirrhosis of the liver). (3) Conditions i a
which Vitamin needs are increased.
420 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Though people are becoming more and more "Vitamin-

Conscious" these days, it is advisable that they try to obtain
them from a mixed diet rather than from synthetic products
and Government will confer a boon on the people if it should ,
see that rationing is skilfully devised to ensure the distribution
of Vitamins.
N.B—For details of sources of varied Vitamins, refer to
the Table at the end of this Appendix.
Vitamins have been classified as either Fat-soluble or
Water-soluble: —
Fat-soluble Vitamins. Water-soluble Vitamins.
A: —Axerophthol. B or Bi (F) or Thiamin.

'Di, D2, D4, etc., from sterols. B2 Complex.

Bo (G) or Riboflavin; Pantho-

thenic acid.

K.. BB ( H ) or Adermin; Pyri-

doxine.
B7 Nicotinic acid or Acidum
Nicotinicum or Niacin.
Cj or Ascoi'bic acid.
Para-Amino-Benzoic . A c i d ;
Folic Acid; Biotin; Inositol;
Choline; or Hesperidin.

Table for Vitamin Measurements:—

1 Microgram =: one millionth of a gram, or
1 Milligram = 320 International Units.
N.B.—^Progressive research (scientific and medical) has
been fast changing the old conceptions about
Vitamins.
Vitamins are called fat-soluble, because they are
found in fats or oils of animals or plant tissue. They
exist in that small portion of the fats which is not
saponifiable, i.e., they are not themselves fat.
Vitamins A. C. and D. and Calcium and Phosphorus
most directly influence tooth structure. Vitamins
A. C. and D. are all necessary for the proper build-
ing of the mineral salts into the living tissues of
the body. The Vitamins that a pregnant woman
needs are vitamins A . B . C. and D .
 APPENDICES 421

The sooner the vegetables are cooked and eaten after they
are brought from the garden or market, the better. It must
be noted that prolonged cooking, canning or drying destroys
the Vitamins (except Vitamin "D"), even though all the rest
of the nutritiftn of the foods remains. Moderate cooking does
not kill all of them, though it weakens their action. Vegetables
are best cooked with a little moisture and fat. A large
number of common ailments can be bured by improved
methods of Cooking and dieting, and a higher standard of public
health and general fitness can be secured. But, remember
that the maximum amount of good is obtained from vitamins
. present in food in the raw state. That is why Salads should
always be preferred to cooked foods.
Col. MacCarrison, the great Food and Nutrition Expert
has summarised the functions of Vitamins thus: —
1. Vitamins are constant constituents of living tissues.
Although present in very small amounts, maintenance of health
is dependent on, their action.
2. Vitamins |themselves do not contribute to the energy
supply of the body, but facilitate utilisation by it of proteins,
fats, carbo-hydrates and salts of food.
3. Proteins, fats and carbo-hydrates and salts cannot
support hfe without Vitamins, nor Vitamins without these
proximate principles; they are complementary to each other;
without Vitamins,' the body starves.
4. A distinct relationship exists between the amounts of
Vitamins required and the balance of food in protein, fats,
carbo-hydrates and salts, the efficiency of Vitamin depending
on the composition of the food mixture.
5. A distinct relation exists between the amount of
Vitamin required and the rate of metabolic processes.
6. Each Vitamin plays a specific part of nutrition.
7. It appears that Vitamin A. is associated with the
metabolism of lipoids- and calcium, as well as the chemical
re-actions requisite for growth and maintenance.
8. Vitamin B. appears to be associated with the meta-
bolism of carbo-hydrates and with the chemical re-actions
and functional perfection of all cells, particularly nerve-cells.
9. Vitamin C. appears to be associated with.the meta-
bohsm of Calcium and with the chemical re-action of growing
tissues.
10. All Vitamins are concerned in the maintenance of
422 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

orderly balance between destructive and constructive cellular

processes.
11. One Vitamin cannot replace another, although its
function may be interfered with by the absence of another-
12. The final result of their deficiency is the same what-
ever be the degree of deprivation; the greater the deprivation,
the more rapid is the onset of symptoms due to it; the lesser
the deprivation, the slower is the onset of the symptonas due
to it.
13. Each Vitamin exercises a specific influence on the
adrenal glands; the effect of their deprivation on these organs
is one of the most outstanding features of deficiency diseases.
14'. Vitamins influence markedly the production of
hormones and all external secretions.
<>, 15. There is reason*to believe that the capacity of any
given cell for work is impaired in proportion to the degree
of Vitamin starvation.
16. Vitamins aid the tissues in resisting infection.
17. Vitamins, especially Vitamin B. induce in the human
and animal body a desire for food.
18. Vitamins are one Hnk in the chain of essential
substances requisite for harmonious regulation of chemical
processes of healthy cellular action. If the link be broken,
harmony ceases or becomes discord, as it may cease or become
discord, if any other link be broken.
19. The place of Vitamins in human economy must be
considered in connection with the metabolism as a v/hole,^in
connection with their relation to other essential food requi-
sites, with their relation to organs of digestion and assimila-
tion and with their relation to endocrine regulators on
metabolic processes.
The Vitamins have special infltxences on the adrenal
glands. According to Dr. George W. Orile, "The adrenal
gland is to the autonomic system, appi'oximately what brain
is to the cerebro-spinal system. It forces the kinetic drive.
There are 35 nerves going through the adrenal." ("Health and
Happiness", November, 1935, Pages 268 and 269).

VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS OF MAN

The following are the authoritative, summarised minimum

amounts considered necessary by the League of Nations'
Health Organisation and the optimal amoimts suggested by
 APPENDltES 423

the National Nutrition Conference for Defence, U . S . A .

(1941): —
For a man of 70 Vit A. Vit. B. Vit. C. Vit. D. Riboi- Nicoti-
Kilos. I.U. I.U. Mg. I.U. flavin nic acid.
(Thia- (Ascor- Mg. (B2)
min). bic Mg.
acid).
Mg.
Minimum re-
quirements. 3000. 30.
Optimal re-
quirements. 5000, 75.

•^According to heavy, medium or light work.

VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS

The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research

•Council- (England), has recommended the following daily
allowances for the three best known members of the Vitamin B
Complex.
Thiamine. Ribofla- Nicotinic
(Bi). vin. (B2). Acid.-
'•^ Mg. Mg. Mg.
Man (70 Kg.)
Moderatively active, 1.8. 2.7. 18.
Very active, 2.3. 3.3. 23.
Sedentary, 1.5. 2.2. 15.
Woman (56 Kg.)
Moderatively active. 1.5. 2.2. 15.
V e r y active, 1.8. 2.7. 18.
Sedentary, 1.2. 1.8. 12.
Pregnancy ( Latter half,) 1.8. 2.5. 18.
Lactation, 2.3. 3.0. 23.
Children tip to 12 years.
Under 1 year, 0.4. 0.6. 4
1 — 3 years, 0.6. ' 0.9. 6
4 — 6 years, 0.8. 1.2. 8
7 — 9 years , 1.0. 1.5. 10
10 —12 years. 1.2. 1.8. 12.
 424 THE I N D I A N ' M A T E R I A M E D I C A

Children over 12 years (Girls).

13 —15 years, .. 1.4. 2.0. 14.
16 —20 years, .. 1.2. 1.8. 12.
Boys.
13 —15 years, .. 1.6. 2.4. 16.
16 —20 years, .. 2.0. ( 3.0. 20.
"^i Mg. thiamine equals 333 International Units.
Daily allowances of other Vitamins as recommended by~
the National Research Council in 1948: —
Vitamin A. 5,000—8,000 I.U. P-P Niacin 10—20 mg.
B i 'Thiamin 1.2—1.8 mg. C. Ascorbic acid 70—150 mg.
Bo Riboflavin 1.8—3.0 mg. D. 400 units.
*-,• ""

There is no evidence of harmful effects from overdosage

of any of the Vitamins except perhaps Vitamin D. and then
only when the diet. contains excessive amounts of Calcium.
Even then the ill-effects can be counteracted by taking large
amounts of salads and green vegetables. •
The best way to ensure adequate intake of Vitamins
(both known and unknown) is to eat "Whole" foods or foods
which have been processed as little as possible. If a food is
"refined" in some way, a valuable part of it may be removed,
and this- part will almost certainly contain not only known
substances, but unknown substances, some of which may be
essential for perfect nutrition. Vitamin concentrates should
only be resorted to, when serious deficiency is suspected, for
even the best of them can only make up certain deficiencies,
not aU.
It should be realised that different samples vary greatly
in their Vitamin content. Moreover, in assessing the Vitamin
content of a diet, it should be remembered, (a) that Vitamin.
A. is affected very httle by cooking, but that Vitamins Bj
and C. may be partly dissolved out in the cooking water,
(about one-quarter), and partly destroyed by heat (about 1
q u a r t e r ) ; hence the Vitamin Ba. and C. contents of foods;
may be reduced to one half size by ordinary processes of
cooking; and (b) it is not certain that man can make full
use of the carotene in vegetables and therefore the Vitamin A.
value of a vegetable to man is probably only about a half
or one-third of that indicated by a chemical determination of
its carotene content", (pages 767—768 of Martindale's E x t r a
Pharmacopoeia, Vol. II, 1943).
 APPENDICES 425 •

Prof. V . H . Mottram, the great European authority on

Nutrition, who has done very valuable work on Vitamins
concludes: —
On one occasion, he cooked butter for sixteen hours
at a temperature above the boiling point of butter. At
tl\e end he found the Vitamin A. content was just as
high as before. He found that Vitamin D. can stand
distillation at comparatively high temperatures, and that
Vitamin Bi. can also withstand boiling. His great con-
clusions have been that reasonable cooking destroys none
of the Vitamins except C , which is destroyed by prolonged
heat. Potatoes lose their Vitamin C. if cooked for 20
minutes, and then put in a hay box for six hours!"
The effect of canning on Vitamin contents has been shown
to be much less drastic than supposed. Canning or cooking
fruits maj' destroy up to 50% of their Vitamin content, in
some cases much less. But an ordinary helping of canned
grape fruit still contains enough to provide a day's ration of
Vitamin C.
Great progress has been made in the production of
synthetic Vitamins and Vitamin Extracts, extremely valuable
for "fortifying" foods and for treatment of cases of Vitamin
deficiency. The isolation of Vitamin A. from liver oil should
result in less waste and greater use being made of, for instance,
fish livers.
Vitamin C. has been shown to be an important factor in
the healing of wounds and setting of bones. During the war,
there Were many opportunities of discovering the effects and
deciding on the best ways to use the Vitamin for this purpose.
Every British soWier was provided with a box of 100 synthetic
Vitamin C. tablets, -wrhich ensured freedom from deficiency of
this Vitamin, when active service conditions enforced a diet
that might be lacking in fresh vegetables and other natural
sources. Many chemical plants in Britain are engaged on the
large scale manufacture of the synthetic Vitamin, which
appears to be the same in every way, as the natural product.
It is important to distinguish between Vitamin "Extracts"
and synthetic Vitamins. Extracts are made from natural
products, rich in the Vitamin, the essential chemical being
concentrated. The synthetic Vitamin is made by following
an analysis of the structure of the chemical and it may be
built up from the atoms in raw materials far removed from
the natural foods, which are rich in the Vitamin. The great
advantage is the enormous quantities that can be made,
•426 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

quantities far greater than could be economically produced

from, natural sources. Synthetic Vitamins will be particularly
important in restoring health to liberated territories of the
World War II.
Man does not live by Vitamins alone, b u t it has been
shown that these mysterious chemicals play a vital part in
enabling him to make proper use of foods essential to health.
Ordinary man taking a varied diet is likely to get all the
Vitamins he needs without giving the matter a thought and
this, of course, is the ideal method.
There is still much to be discovered in this comparatively
new branch of dietetics. It is a fascinating study and is
remarkable for the minute quantities which can make all the
difference between good health and serious illness. (From
"Six Scientific Years"—(1946), by Prof. A . M . Low).
'*' N.B.—For still more detailed information re. Vitamins,
readers are requested to read authoritative pub-
lications (Books as well as Journals) on Western
Materia Medica, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics,
and also the following publications, though small,
will be very useful: —
1. Booklet titled "Vitamin Products for Prescription
Use" published everyi year by Messrs Eh Lilly
& Co., Manufacturing Chemists, Indianapolis 6,
Indiana ( U . S . A . )
2. " V . D . H . Vitamin Products", booklet published
by British Drug Houses, Ltd., London.
3. "Vitapan:—New Combination of Vitamins",—
booklet pubhshed by Cipla, Bombay 8.

APPENDIX V.

VITAMINS &C., IN FRUITS AND DIETETIC ARTICLES

Iodine
contents
Articles. 'A' 'B' 'C 'D' 'E' 'F' ' G ' p e r kilo-
gramme.

Alfalfa grass (dried). 2.

Almonds, .. 1. 2. • L. Contains
iodine.
Amaranth leaves, 3. .. 3.
Apples, (fresh) 1. 1. 3V.
 APPENDICES 427

Iodine
Articles. 'A' 'B' 'C 'D' 'E' 'F" 'G' contents

Apricots, 3, 1. 1.
0.31.
Artichoke, 1. 1. 1.
Asparagus,
(white, gre^n), 1. 3. 3.
"'Atta" see:—wheat
flour, whole
Bananas (raw)
(green) 2. 3. 2.
Barley, pearled, 1. Contains
Barley, whole iodine.
grain. 1. 2. N. 1.
Beans cooked.
(string), 2. 2. 1.
Beans dried, . . 1.
Beans French, . . 1. 2. 2. 0.32.
Beans green, snap. 3. 3. 3.
Beans kidney, 1.
(dried) L. 3. i. 1.
Beans Lima, 1. 2. 1.
Beans Navy, 1. 3. N.
Beans Soy, or
Soya, 3. 3. 2. 2.
Beans Soy, see: —
Soy beans 1. 1.
Beans String
(fresh), 2. 2. 2.
Beans Sprouted, 1. 2. 2.
Beef, lean. 1. 1. 1. 1.
Beef, fat, (suet). 3. N. N. 3.
Beet leaves, •*
V

(greens), 2. 2. 1.

* 1.—Contains the Vitamin. 2.—Good source of the

Vitamin. 3.—^Excellent source of the Vitamin. N.—
No appreciable amount of the Vitamin. D.—Doubt
as to presence or relative amount. L.—Evidence
lacking or insufficient. V.—^Variable.
N.B.—If you desire to see a Table of Vitamins according
to the basis of International Units, and Micrograms,
Milligrammes, etc., please refer to the Annual
Diaries published by the Teddington Chemical
Factory, Ltd., P.O. Box 229, G . P . O . , Bombay, 1.
 428 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Iodine
Articles. 'A' 'B' 'C 'D' 'E' ']F' 'G' contents

Beets, (Beetroot), N. 2. 3. 2.
Beets, stems, . . 1.
Beets, tops, .. 1. 1. 1. • 1 . 3.
Blackberries, . . 1. 2.
Brains (Animal), 1. 2. ID.
Bran of rice
(fresh) 2. 1.
Brea^, brown, . . 2. 2.
Bread, white
(water), .. D. 1, •N.
Bread, white
(milk), .. 1. 1. D.
V Bread, whole, meal, 3. 3.
Bread, whole wheat
(water), .. 1. 2. D.
Bread, whole wheat
(milk), .. 2. 2. D.
Brinjal, 2. 1.
Brussels sprouts, 3. 1. 3.
Butter, .. 3. 1. N. 2. 1.
Butter, fats, 3.
Butter-milk, or
Sour milk, . . 1. 2. IV. 1.
Cabbage, cooked,
(head), .. 1. 2. 1.
Cabbage, fresh Raw,
white & green, 3 3. 3. 1. 2. 0.21.
Carrots, cooked, 2. 1. 1.
Carrots, fresh, raw, 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3.
Cauliflower, .. 1. 2. 3. 2.
Celery & celery
root, .. 1. 3. 2. 1. 2.
Celery bleached &
stems, .. 1. 2. 4.
Celery bleached
leaves, •.. 3. 2. L.
Celery green leaves, 2. 2. L.
Cereals, whole grain
(unmilled), . . 3. 3(Bi). 1. 2.
Chappati, .. 2. 2. L.
Cheese, full milk,
(fresh), .. 3. 1. L.
 APPENDICES 429

<J

Iodine
Articles. 'A' 'B' 'C 'D' 'E' 'F' 'G'Contains

Cheese, cottage, 1. L. L.-

Chestnut, L. 1. L.
Chillies, green, 1. 2. 2.
Chicken, 1. 1. 0. i!
Chocolate, 1. 1. • '

Citrus fruits, . . 3.
Cocoa, 1. Contains
iodine.
Cocoanut, dried & .
fresh, resptly. 1. 2. L.
Cocoanut, rnilk. 1. 1.
Cocoanut, oil, . . 1.
Codliver oil, 3. 3. 1. Contains
iodine.
Coffee, Has vitamins in a small amount.
Coriander & its
leaves. 3. 3.
Com, cobs. 2. , ,
Corn, dried. 1. 1. 1.
Com, meal, 1. 1. 1.
Com, sweet, 1. 1. 1.
Com yellow, . . 3. 2. 1.
Com, maize,
(white), 1. 2. L. '^.
Corn, maize.
(yellow), 1. 2. L.
Crab, 1.82.
Cream, 3. 2. IV. 1.
Cresso, L. L. 1. 1.
Cucumber, 1. 1. 2.
Curds,—See Dadhi.
Currants, black, »~i_. 3.
Dadhi, (dahi),
i.e., Curds, . . 1. 1. . 2.
Dandehon, Greens, 3. 2. 2.
Dates, (Persian), 3. 1. 1.
Dhal, 1. 3. 3.
Drumstick, 3.
Duck, 1. 1.
Egg plant, dried, 1. 2. 1.
Eggs, 3. 2(Bi) 1. 3. 1. Contains
iodine.
430 THE INDIAN MATERIA 2WEDICA

Articles. 'A' 'B' 'C 'D' 'E' T' 'G' Iodine

Contents

Eggs, yolk, .. 3. 2. ID. 3. 2.

Endive •
(Escarole), 3. 2. 2.
Fats, animal, . . 3. 2.
Figs, dried & fresh
respectively, 1. 1.
Fish, fat, . . \ 3. 1. L.
Fish, fresh, e.g.,
Hilsa, .. 3. 2. 2.
Fish, Lean, .. N. 1. 3.
Fish, Liver oils, 3.
Fish, Oils, .. 2.
Fish, Roe & fish liver
& oils, .. 2. 2. ID.
Flour, white, . . L. 1. L.
Flour, whole
wheat, N to 1.
Fresh vegetables, green
& leafy, .. 3. 3.
Fruits, fresh &
juices, .. 3. 2. 2.
Garhc, .. 1. 1. 2.
Germ of rice, . . 1. 2. 1. 2.
Gourd, bitter.
Grams, 2. 1. iodine.
Grams, germinating, 3. 2. 3. Contains
Gram, Bengal, 3. 3. 0.020.
Ghee pure or butter
(clarified), . . 2.
Grape fruit, .. 1. 2. 3.
Grape juice, fresh, 1. 1. 3.
Grape juice & Contains
grapes, iodine.
Greens, .. 3.
Green leaves, . . 3. 2. 3.
Groundnut, 2.
Guava, 1.
Gurh or Indian
brown sugar,
Hahbut,
Halibut, liver oil, 3. 3.
Heart (Animal) 1.
 APPENDICES 431

Articles. 'A' 'B' 'C 'D' 'E' 'F' 'G'lodine.

Contents

Herrings, .. 3.
Hickory nuts, . . L. 2.
Honey, 1.
Horse radish, 1. 1.
Husks of certain
seeds, .. 3.
Jack fruit, .. 3.
Kidney, (animal) 2. 3. ID.
Kohlrabi, .. ' 1. 1. 3.
Ladies' fingers. 2. 1.
Leafy vegetables, 3. 3.
Leeks, • .. 1. 1. 2.
Legunves, sprouted, L. 2. 2.
Lemon juice, fresh, 2. 2. 3. 2 Contains
Iodine
Lentils, dried, . . 3. 3.
Lettuce leaves, fresh 3. 3. 3. 9 -do-
Lichee, 1. 2.
Limes, .. L. 1. 1.
Linseed, .. 2. 2.
Liver (animal's) &
liver extract, 3. 3 (Bi) 3.
Liver-oils, .. 3.
Lobster, 1.78.
Mackerel, .. 1. ^
Medze, (yellow) & Contains
maize oil, .. 2. 8. 3. iodine.
Mango, ripe, . . 3. 1. 3.
Marmite (yeast
extract) .. 2.
Meat, goats', . . 1, 1.
Meat, lean, N to 1. 2. ID. 2.
Meat, underdone, 2r^ 2.
Milk (Sheep's),
Buffalo's, .. 3. 1. 1.
Milk, condensed, 3. 2. 1.
Milk, Cow's, . . 3. 3. 3.
Milk, dried (whole) 3. 2. IV.
Milk, fresh, r a w /
unboiled, .. 3. 3. 2. 2. 2. -do-
Milk, goats' &
sheeps', .. 3. 1. 3. 1.
 432 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Articles. 'A' 'B' 'C 'D' 'E' ':F' 'G' Iodine

Contains

Milk, 'scalded', . . 3. 2. 1.
Milk, skimmed.
(cow's dried), 1. 2. I V . 1. 1.
Milk, whole, raw,
(dried), 2. 1. 1.
Millet, (Ragi), 3. 2.
Molasses, 2. 1.
Mother's milk.
(human), 3. 1. 1.
Mushroom, 1. 2.
Muskmelons, .. 1. 1. 2.
Mutton Fat, . . 2. 1. N. -'
V Mutton, lean, . . N. 1. N. 1.
Nolkole, 1. 1. 1.
Nuts, (Ground), 2.
Oatmeal, 1. 2. 1. 0.009.
Oats, rolled, whole 1. 3. N. 2. Contains .
iodine.
Oleomargarine, 1. N. N.
Olive oil. 1. 1. 1.
Olives, ripe & dried.
respectively, 1.
Onions, raw, N. to 1. 3. 2.
Onions, cooked. 1. 2. 1.
Orange juice, fresh. 3. 2. 3. 1. 1. 2.
Orange peel, . . 1. 1. 2.
Oysters, (raw). 2. 1. Contains
iodine.
Palm oil, .. 1. 1. 1.
Papaya ripe, . . 3. 1. 3.
Parsley, .. 3. 2. 3. 0.017.
Parsnips, .. ND. 2. 2.
Peaches, fresh
(raw), .. 1. 2.
Peanut or Arachis Contains
oil, .. 2. 2. L. 1. iodine.
Peanuts, (raw), 3. 2. L.
Pears, 1. 1.
Peas, dried, .. 1. 2. L. 1.
Peas, green, fresh
& sprouted, . . 3. 3. 0.80.
Peppers, fresh.
 APPENDICES 433

ijji,
Articles. 'A' 'B'- ' C 'D' 'ET 'G' Iodine
Contents
o
green. 2. 3.
Pigeon, 1. 1.
Pig, kidney, fat, 2. N. . N.
Pineapple (fresh, r a w ) ,
juice, etc., 2. 2. 3.
Pine nuts, 1. 1. L.
Plums, 1. 1.
Polishings of rice: see rice polishin gs below.
Pomegranates, 1. 1.
Pomels, 3.
Porridge, 2.
Potatoes (boiled
10 min.). 1. 2. 2.
Potatoes (white,
raw), N to 1. 2. 2. 0.010.
Potatoes, fresh. 1. 1. 1.
Potatoes, (boiled ^
1 hour,) L. 2. ID.
Potatoes, Sweet, 3. 2. 1.
Potatoes, white.
• baked, 1. 2. 1.
Prunes, fresh & dried, Contains
respectively. 3. 3. N.D. iodine.
Pumpkins, 3. 1. 1.
Radishes, L. 2. 3. '
Raisins, L. 1. 1.
Raspberries, (fresh
or canned) ,L. L. 3.
Rice-bran (See Bran of rice)
Rice-germ (See germ of rice).
Rice-natural, brownL
& red,f whole, 3. 2. 2. -do-
Rice-polishings, (See.polishings of rice! above).
Rice (unmilled or
unpolished), N tc> 1. / 3 . D.l. 3. 0.17.
Rice (whole grain), 3. 2.
Roots, fleshy, . . 1.
Root vegetables, 3.
Rutabaga, N.D. 2. 3.D.
Rye, whole, .. 1. 3. L.
28 iJ
 434 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Articles. A'
i•'A 'C 'r" 'T~<'
D' <Tr" '17" 'G'
'F' 'ri' Iodine
Contents

Sago, .. 1. Contains
iodine.
Salads, .. 3. 3.
Seeds, (germinating),
(for sprouts), 3. ^ 3.
Shrimps, .. 2.
Shrimps, Grey, 5.91.
Skim milk powder ' 3.
Soji or semolina, 1. 3.
Sorrel, 0.12.
Sour-milk, See Butter-milk.
Spinach, cooked, 2.
*" Spinach, dried, 3. 2. L.
Spinach, fresh,
(raw), .. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3.
Sugar-, white, . . 1-
Squash, (Hubbard,
yellow), .. 3. 1. 1.
Sugarcane, .. 1. 1.
Sweet breads, 1. 1. L.
Sweet potatoes, 3. 2. 2.
Tamarind, dried), 1. 1.
Tapioca, _ .. 1.
Tea leaves. Contains vitamins in moderation. I. 0.23,
Tomatoes, (raw or
canned), .. 3. 3. 3.
Tomatoes, (cooked), 2. 3. 3.
Turnips, green,
(tops), .. 3. 3. 3.
Turnips, tops, . . 3. 3. 2. 1.
Turnips (yellow), 1. 2.
Turnips, (cooked) 2.
Veal, .. L. 1. L.
Vegetables, green,
cooked, .. 2. •
Vegetables, green & raw,
fresh & leafy, 3. 2. 3. 2.
Vegetables, yellow, 3.
Vegetables, oils, N to 1. 1. 3.
Walnuts, .. L. 3. L. Contains
Iodine
Water-cress, 2. 3.
 APPENDICES 435

Articles. 'A' 'B' 'C 'D' 'E' 'F' 'G' Iodine

Contents

Water-melons, 1. 1. 1.
Wheat bran, &
embryo, 1. 2. L.
Wheat flour, whole
(Atta), 1. 3. 3. 0.007.
Wheat germs (germhiated
•wheat) & their oi 1,2 3. 3. Contains
Iodine
Wheat, whole g;'ain, 2. 1. 3.
Whey, cow's milk, 1. 1. 1.
Wine, 1.
Yams, 1. 1.
Yeast & yeast
extracts, 3.
Yellow corn, 3. 3.
Yolk of eggs> . . 3. 2 2.

Iodine containing Foods & Dietetics articles, other than those

listed in'this Table.
(1) Green corn.
(2) Green lentils.
(3) Chestnuts.
 436, THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

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 APPENDICES 437

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438 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

As these are times of Food Shortage in India, and cries

of "Eat More Fruit", "Drink More Milk," and "Eat More Fish"
are rampant, hereunder is given a 'Fish Food Value Chart',
for the attention of non-vegetarians to enable them choose the
best:—

FISH FOOD VALUE CHART

Commodities. Vitamins. Protein. Fat. Miijeral

Nutrients.
Calcium, Phos-
1. Carp, A.B. 197c 1% phorus, Copper,
Sulphur,
Iodine.
2. Cat fish, . . A.B. uv> 21%- -do-
3. Crabs, A.B.G. 177' 2% -do-
4. Herrings -do-
(Indian) . . A.B.D. 19% 11% -do-
5. Jew fish, . . 18.76% 0.21%o -do-
6. Lobsters, . . A.B. 16%, 2%, -do-
7. Mackerel, A.B. 19%, 7%o . -do-
8. Mussel
(Blue), . . 9.1-3%; 1.97%:. -
9. Oysters, . . A.B.D.G. 6% 1% C.I.C.P.S.
10. Pomfret, . . 20.30%, 2.60% ,_
11. Prawns, . 20.76% 0.69% ^
12. Ribbon fish, 18.11% 3.24%,
13. Salmon, . . A.B.D.G. 22%, 13%o
14. Sardine, . . 20.84% 1.93%
15. Sh^rk, .. 22.93% 0.69%r
16. Shrimps, . . A.B.D. 25% 1%
17. Seer, 22.45% 106% .
18. Trout, A.B. 18% 10%

(Hind Fisherman, Octr. 10th, 1951, Vol. 1, No. 1, Madras.)

Vitamin A:—This is anti-infective, and Fat-solublej

existing in great proportions in Cod-liver Oil and Shark-Hver
Oil,—is a stable non-nitrogenous substance which promotes
growth and prevents rickets in children and young animals.
Vitamin A. in the diet of infants, newly-born and growing,
strengthens and preserves the epithelial membranes, thereby
increasing their resistance to infective organisms, and when
sufficiently supplied to the pregnant mother, prevents only in-
 • APPENDICES- 439

fection from developing in the mother. Therefore, this Vita-

min is absolutely essential to the pregnant mother and the
growing child. Adults, however, need only a small quantity.
"Persons who are on normal dietary are not benefitted by
Vitamin A, even if it is administered in large doses". (Dr. H.
V. Savnur). "It has got special action on the skin and mucous
membranes, which line the inside of the eyelids, the nose, the
air passages, the stomach, the bowels and the bladder; i.e., it is
essential for maintaining the integrity of the epithelial linings
throughout the body and the proper structure and function of
the nervous system. "The healthy skin or mucous membrane
offers resistance to the entry of deceased germs into the body."
The main sources of the active parts of this Vitamin are:—
Certain fats of animals,—except lard and vegetable fats—and
to a lesser extent from red fruits and vegetables. Cereals and
nuts are, in general, poor in Vitamin A. "While vegetable
foods do not contain Vitamin A. the yellow pigment (of plants)
carotene, which is not easily affected by heat, but is said to be
destroyed by ultra-violet light; (whose character is pro-
Vitamin A., or the precursor or mother-substance of Vitamin
A."), which is present in m a n y ^ u c h foods, especially in the
yellow of fruits,—in the Carrot from which the name of the
pigment is derived,—and in the vegetables, appears able to ful-
fil the physiological functions of Vitamin A. in the body.
"Vitamin A. is formed in the liver of the animal body from
the carotenoid plant pigments and crypto-xanthin, which occur
in green vegetables and cereals; but animals concentrate this
Vitamin in their fatty-tissues, Kupffer cells, in increasing
amounts, with increasing age upto adulthood. Chlorophyll in
green vegetables is an indirect source of Vitamin A. There
are four types of carotenej viz., a, B and y, and Crypto-xanthin,
of which a and B. carotenes are the most important. The caro-
tenes are hydro-carbons, belonging to the class of terpenes."
In Cod-liver Oil Vitamins A. and D. are so proportioned
that no further supplementing of Vitamin D. is needed. In
the case of Shark-liver Oil, Vitamin A. is very predominant,
so that further supplementing of Vitamin D. will be needed to
render it more balanced. Fortunately concentrated Vitamin
D. preparations like Calciferol are easily available to do the
needful satisfactorily. Vitamin A. requirements can be cover-
ed by the consumption of a suitable well-balanced vegetable
diet. Vitamin A. and D. tablets, prepared scientifically in
Haftkine Institute, Parel, Bombay, are recommendable.
In western countries, a large proportion of the total Vita-
440 THE INDJAN MATERIA MEDICA.

min A. activity of the diet is usually" derived from Vitamin A.

contained in animal foods, which are comparatively expensive,
and there, pure Vitamin A. has been synthetically prepared as
a crystalline substance, from the fish-liver oil, notably of the
Shark and Halibut, the properties of which are identical to the
properties of natural Vitamin A. It is called Axerophthol.
Vitamin A. crystals are regarded as having 3 milhon Inter-
national Units per 100 grams. While one millionth gram of
pure carotene is regarded as the International Unit of Vitamin
A. The International Unit (I.U.), is the "Reference Cod-liver
Oil" of the U.S.P., which contains 3000 I.U. per Gm. The
International Standard Unit is one U, (0.001 mgm). "Some
Nutritionists regard that the daily intake of Vitamin .should be
4000 International Units, while for optimal dose, 50% more
should be provided for healthy adults". "Over-dosing with
Vitamin A. or supply more of it at a time than can be utilised
or stored in a system, causes no toxic effects. The unassimilat-
ed portion is simply excreted out. When oral administration
of Vitamin A. is not possible, it may be introduced parenterally
or subcutaneously". "Larger doses may be given without un-
desirable efEects and are often advisable in the early treatment
of deficiencies. When relief "of deficiency symptoms has been
obtained, considerably smaller doses may be continued for long
periods". But, if Vitamin A intake is massive (e.g., 500,000—
1,000,000 I.U. daily), it may cause alopecia, itching, bone pain
from new growth of periosteal bone."

"Before World War II, we (Indians) depended for

supply of Vitamins A & D, on Cod-liver Oil imported
mainlj' from Norway and later on from England. Cod-
liver Oil was known from a very long time for its
growth-promoting and ricket-preventing properties.
During the early stages of Vitamin research, Cod-liver
Oil was thought to be a very rich source of Vitamin A.
& D. As there was no other method but the costly and
time-consuming biological method of testing and assay-
ing Vitamins A. and D., other sources of these Vitamins
were slow to be found. But easier and quicker chemi-
cal and physico-chemical methods were soon developed
for determining Vitamin A., and soon richer sources of
Vitamin A; were discovered. Cod-liver Oil on an aver-
age contains about 1000 International Units of Vitamin
A. per gram; never exceed 3000 generally. Halibut Liver
Oil, on an average, 50,000 International Units per gram
and sometimes tops 300,000 Units. Indian Shark-liver
Oil averages about 10,000 to 15,000 and at tiroes reaches
 APPENDICES 441

200,000 Units. To-day, therefore. Cod Liver Oil is con-

sidered, comparatively, a poor source of Vitamins A.
and D."
(U. Sunder Kini, B.Sc. (Hons),—In Souvenir of the V
• South Indian Provincial Medical Conference, October 13th to
15th, 1950, pages 31, Mangalore).
Carotene (C.4,1 H.5,;) is found in animals, in all green
leaves, Carrots, Tomatoes, and many Red Fruits, and in plants.
Carotene in crystalline form, when fed to animals, is converted
to Vitamia A. The conversion of Carotene into Vitamin A.
may be made in vitro by adding Liver-Extract. It is assumed,
therefore,' that liver tissue contains an enzyme, carotenase,
which causes this distranformation. When oxygen is exclud-
ed, Vitamin A. is heat-stable, but it can readily be destroyed at
room temperatures when exposed to air So far as fruits and
vegetables are concerned, there is no serious injury to the Vita-
min content from cooking or canning. But in the animal foods
high temperature in the presehce of O. or oxidising agents des-
troy it. "Carotene is useless to the body unless converted to
Vitamin A.; its estimation ift the blood is, therefore, of little
clinical value. "Vitamin A. is readily stored u p in the animal
body and the contents of various tissues and of milk, depends
to a considerable extent on the richness of food in this factor.^
This storage is only for some time. This Vitamin cannot be
found directly in the animal body. It is produced primai-ily
in the plant".—"Health end Happiness", Novr. 1935, Calcutta.

Daily requirements of Vitariiin A:—Though our knowledge*

of Vitamin A. requirements is at present, limited, a well-
balanced human diet should contain a daily minimum of 3,200'
to 5,000 International Units (1.8 nig.) or 4,000 to 8,000 units,
which equal 1-2 milligrams of the pure substance, or about
twice that weight of carotene (or 3 mg. of B.—carotene) for
adults; 6,000 to 8,000 International Units for children and 5,000
to 6000 for pregnant women, and during lactation 8,000 I.U.
"The Vitamin A. requirements of children appear to be as high
as those of adults, and since young children eat much less food
than adults, this food should be richer in Vitamin A. or caro-
tene". Therapeutic dose is about ten times the above.
"For cure of keratomalacia or night-blindness, taking of
fresh milk, or Cod Liver Oil or fish-liver oil, or a large slice of
animal liver—raw or cooked—has been found useful". Clini-
cal and experimental evidence indicates that Vitamin A. is
essential for normal function of the retina, and its use is
helpful in myopia, retinal and choroidal diseases". (Dr. R. S.-
Agarwal's "Mind and Vision". 1944—3rd Edition.)
 442 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

"Vitamin A. is synthetised by many sea-fishes, which live

•on algae and their livers contain very rich stores of Vitamin A".
"Pan or betel leaves (which are green) chewed after meals,
ensures the intake of Vitamin A. In the East, the easiest and
cheapest way of ensuring a sufficiency of Vitamin A. units is.
to increase the intake of green vegetables — the
greener the better, and the fresher the better, —
-which contain greater proportion of Carotene." "Vita-
min A. deficiency is common in India, and care must be
taken to ensure that diets supply a sufficiency of this Vitamin".
Diet, rich in Vitamins, especially Vitamin A. should be given
in all stages of pulmonary tuberculosis; because, the deficiency
-of Vitamin A. retards growth and lowers resistance to bacterial
infection".— (Dr. Priyo Gopal Mukerjee, L.M.F., Saranga P. O.,
(Burdwan Dt.)—Bengal), in "Medical Digest", March, 1937,
:page 47, Annual Special T. B. Number.
":• Vitamin At>:—has been isolated fi-om the liver and other
'Organs of fresh water fishes. This is not identical with Vita-
min A., but is believed to have the same function of Vitamin A.
and occasionally in contra-distinction Vitamin A., is written
-as Vitamin A,.
Fats and oils of vegetable origin derived from oil-seeds
'etc., are in general devoid of carotene and Vitamin A. But,
Red Palm Oil, which is obtained from the fruit of tlie Pahn,
Elasis guineens is grown in West Africa, Malaya and Burma,
is very rich in Vitamin A.
Vitamin A. occurs in pale yellow needle-like crystals melt-
ing at 5.5 to 6 degrees C. to an almost colorless viscous oil,
(also an unsaturated alcohol); volatile in sup)er-heated steam,
or in a very high vacuum. It is stable in oil and fat solvents
and also fairly soluble in water. It is less stable than Vitamin
D., being destroyed by oxidation, when heated at ordinary
pressure. By passing oxygen through heated Cod Liver Oil,
Vitamin A. is completely destroyed. In butter, this Vitamin is
•confined to the portion of the fat with low melting point and
is not destroyed by steam. Vitamin A. has been concentrated
into a fraction of the unsaponifiable lipoides of Cod Liver Oil.
I t is believed that it is a labile oxidation product of oxvcholes-
terol."
The two substances, carotene and Vitamin A., generally
b u t not necessarily, occur in the same food-stulfs. Carotene
can be easily obtained, and purified and has now been accept-
•ed as an International Standard for comparison of the Vitamin
A . content of foods.
 APPENDICES 443

AniiT^ials can obtain Vitamin A. from its precursors, or

'provitamines', the carotenes, (Q. V.). Carotene produces
complete protection in animals on a Vitamin A. deficient diet.
Stability of Vitamin A:—Vitamin A. survives the higli
temperature of distillation of concentrates, 137° under 0.00001
ram. pressure, and it is not destroyed by ordinary cooking pro-
cesses, e.g.. Milk does not lose'this Vitamin by boiling or pas-
teurising, but when evaporated by vacuum or aeration method,
it is destroyed, i.e., it is destroyed by drying or prolonged heat-
ing or cooking in contact witU air or oxygen, e.g., prolonged
heating of ghee in an open pan at the frying temperature of
200°C. may cause destruction of Vitamin A. The purest con-
centrates are also highhr resistant to aerial exidation at high
temperatures. Both canned and frozen foods retain .their
Vitamin A. content for long periods, but rancid fats have a
catalytic effect on their decomposition. "Further evidence has
been obtained that the ordinary process of boiling vegetables
does not decrease their Vitamin A. content.' (Annual Report
for 1941, of Research Departments of College of Pharmaceuti-
cal Society. London and Cardiff).
Chemical Characters:—Vitamin A. is stable to heat, but
readily destroyed by acids, oxidizing agents (when impure) or
ultraviolet light. It can be got without Vitamin D. from con-
centrates of mammalian liver oil, and when pure, it is a pale
yellow viscous oil.
There are three methods,—biological, physical, and colori-
metric or chemical—available for the estimation of Vitamin A.
potency, of fish liver oil. The last two offer advantages of speed
and reproductability, while the biological method is funda-
mentally more accurate and reliable".— (U. Sunder Kini, B.Sc,
(Hons.) in Souvenir of the Vth South Indian Provincial Medi-
cal Conference, October 13th to 15th, 1950, (Page, 33), Manga-
lore.
Standard of Vitamin A:—The International Unit is the
specific activity contained in O. 6 microgram (1 millionth of a
gram) of the standard preparation of pure B. Carotene. Pure
Vitamin A. has an activity of 3,00,000 units per gramme.
Sliortage of Vitamin A. causes:—Retardation .or cessation
•of growth and development, or wasting; reduced resistance to
diseases, (bacterial infections) especially, throat, lung, or
gland infections, bowel disorders, (atrophy of the cells of the
sahvary glands, the mucous glands of the intestinal villi), ear
and eye diseases (two types of change of vision; xerosis or
xerophthalmia and keratomalacia exhibited by virulent con-
 444 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

junctivitis with corneal thickening and ulceration; cessation of

regeneration of the visual purple and so production of night-
blindness in children), hyper-keratosis of the skin, i.e., "Toad-
skin", or dryness of the skin, and liability to popular eruptions;
drying up of glands and mucous membranes; failure in the
development of bone and teeth; certain forms of diseases of the
spinal cord from degeneration of myelin sheath; anaemia; sus-
ceptibility to cold, catarrh, influenza, respiratory diseases; and
even pneumonia, (degenerative changes of keratinisation of the
epithelium in the mucous membrane, of the nose, trachea and
bronchi), tuberculosis, imperfect development of the perio-
dontal tissues, kidney and bladder affection, paralysis of vari-
ous types from demyelination of the spinal cord; decrease in
number of blood-platelets; proliferati^p of cancellous at the
expense of compact tissue; development of phosphatic calculi.
•Animals deprived of Vitamin A. become more susceptible to
\ bacterial infections owing to the degenerative changes in the
epithelial protectiv.e membranes of the body.
Vitamin A. contents of certain foods:—Milk 1 pint. Butter,
1 Oz., Carrots, (fresh or boiled) ^ lb. Cabbage, (fresh or
boiled) i lb.=2000 units; one egg of 20 grams.=600 units; Cod
Liver Oil, per dram=r200 to 13,000 units; Hahbut Liver Oil,
per drop (20 mg.)=600 to 1200 units.
VITAMIN B—is anti-neutrotic and anti Beri-beri or water-
soluble, but not soluble in fat, is Nature's natural tonic health
Vitamin, that nourishes the nerves and muscles; that creates,
sound appetite; that off-sets constipation and its resultant ills;
prevents occurrence of Beri-beri in human beings, and analog-
ous polyneuritis etc., diseases in animals; in short, this Vitamin
is necessary for the maintenance of life and health at all ages.
Vitamin D., which is isolated as its chloride-hydrochloride, is
essential for the proper metabolism of carbo-hydrate (of
especial importance to brain and nerve-tissue), its pyrop.hos-
phate ester forming the co-enzyme of the carbo-oxylase. "Vita-
min B. is not destroyed by the ordinary process of cooking
though soluble in water. Therefore, the fluids from the cook-
ed rice or vegetables should not be thrown off, for, then the
Vitamin B. will go with them." In other words, if rice is sub-
jected to several washings before consumption, a great pro-
portion of Vitamin Bi it contains may be lost and there Avill
also be a loss of mineral matter. Vitamin B. is not a simple
one; it has been split up and synthetised. It consists of seve-
ral factors,—all of which are present in yeast extract,—which
have been designated as B.i, Ba, B.;>, B.4, B.5, B.c, B.7, and
B.J2. It is found to some extent in all natural food-stuiTs,.
 APPENDICES 445

especially in the seeds of plants, beans, nuts, fruits, etc., also in

cereals and grains, not too thox-oughly milled or fine. The finei'
the flour, the less are the Vitamins. Cereals ai-e good sources
of B. Vitamins, which are concentrated in the embryo. Milk,
clieese, and potatoes yield less anti-neutritic Vitamins; and it
is noteworthy that milk, which is a good source of most of the
important food factors, is not rich in Vitamin B.i; all whole
grain foods are rich in Vitamin B.i, while milled grains are
largely deprived of this Vitamin. An exception is parboiled
viilled rice, which retains Vitamin, B,, after milling. While
.yeast retains large quantities of Vitamin, which will rapidly
cure experimental polyneuritis. This Vitamin is also washed
away from vegetables cooked in an excess of water. Internal
organs of animals fed on green foods, btit not of fowls, con-
tain Vitamins B. & C.
Vitamins B. and B.i factors are richly available in the
germs and outer layers of whole grain cereals and legumens,
beans, yeast and pea-nuts, but are also present in green
vegetables, fruits (tomatoes, etc.), egg-yolk, liver, meat
and inilk, (especially, lean pork, liver and kidney). They are
absent in white bread but present in wholemeal bread. No
natural tissue is a rich source.
Vitamin B. complex group is water soluble, contains a
large variety of different substances, especially of two factors,
one thermolabile and the other thermostable—all of which are
present in yeast extracts, rice polishings and liver. It contains
a number of distinct principles—the important oAes being Bi,
Bg and Bo complex, which comprises Riboflavin, or Lacto-
•flavin; Nicotonic Acid, or Niacin, or Amide of Nicotinic Acid;
Pyrijdoxine (Bu); Adermin; Vitamin H., or Biotin; Choline
Adenylic Acid, (a complex of adenin, ribose, and Phosphoric
Acid); Pantothenic Acid; Pamino-benzoic Acid; Inocitol and
Folic Acid. This group is a respiratory mediator concerned
with oxidation-reduction mechanism in body cells.
Vitamin Bi., or Aneurin or Thiamin Hydrochloride of
XJ.S.P. or Hydrochloride of B.P.—It was held at one time that
the water-soluble Vitamin B. possesses both Anti-neuritic, or
Anti-neurotic and growth-promoting properties. But it soon
became evident that yeast behaved peculiarly under the in-
fluence of heat. When heated under pressure, yeast was found
to lose its Anti-neurotic properties, although it retained its
growth-promoting properties. Steaming or exposure to moist
heat reduces the thiamin content of foods. From 1928 this
came to be definitely recognised and the Anti-neurotic sub-
stance began to be called Vitamin B. or Bi, and the growth-
446 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

promoting, heat-resisting, water-soluble substance began to b e

called Vitamin Bo, or G. Vitamin, B. or Bi, later on came to
be known as Thiamin (Thiamine-Chloride), and amongst
pharmacists and pharmacologists. Vitamin B. or Bj, is more
current as Thiamin. Small quantities of the crystalline sub-
stance representing Thiamin were obtained from very large
quantities of rice-polishings. This crystalline substance allow-
ed of further examination and ultimately in 1936, a substance
could be built artificially in the laboratory step by step, which
was identical in every respect with the natural product. This
is Thiamin. So, Bj, is also manufactured synthetically.
"Aneurine Hydrochloride: contains in 1 gram 320,000 units
of Vitamin Bi, which is obtainable in tablets and in sterile ac-
queous solution in ampoules. The hypodermic route should
be used for administration in cases where the deficiency is due
to defective absorption as in pyloric stenosus or chronic diar-
rhoeas. Where there is loss of appetite and defective tone of
the gastro-intestinal tract, the parenteral route is also advis-
able. In other cases, it can be given by the oral route. No
evidence has been brought forward to show that over-dosage
produces any ill-effects".
"Though wheat-germ has been recommended as the richest
natural source of Vitamin Bi, recent research has shown that
this Vitamin is much more concentrated in the scutellum".
Vitamin Bj., or Thiamin deficiency causes.—Peripheral
neuritis; intestinal stasis; wasting (loss of tone) of the bowels;
retention pf the putrid food residue and absorption of products
of putrefaction and auto-intoxication. Minor degree of defici-
ency in children causes retardation of growth, poor appetite,
constipation, neuritic pains and tenderness in the muscles;'
Beri-beri characterised by anorexia, loss of flesh and strength,
poly-neuritis, oedema and bradycardia, neviritis of pregnancy
and the same ailments, which are due to want of Vitamin B.
Thiamine—is said to benefit various types of neuritis, such
as those caused by alcohol, lead and arsenic. It promotes
peristalsis and maintains the normal nutrition of the gut;
Neurasthenia, neuralgia, peptic and varicose ulcers, atonic
constipation, pyelitiSj vomitting of pregnancy, lack of appetite,
chronic fatigue, eczema and cardiac weakness.
Yeast is a good source of Thiamin, next best to sprouted
'Mung', (green-gram) a familiar article of food in India. The
hydrochloride of Thiamin is taken as the standard and 3 micro-
grams are taken as corresponding to 1 International Unit.
In deficiency of Thiamin, a daily dose of 1 tablet, contain-
 APPENDICES 447:

ing 3 milligrams of 960 units, wliich is regarded as the normal

requirement of a man is administered, when the requisite
quantity cannot he easily obtained from available food sources^
Otherwise the daily requirement of adults is 300 to 500 units.
In pregnancy and childhood, it is greater. Still it varies^reat-
ly with different people, and in the same person at draerent
times; is greater when carbo-hydrates in the diet are iafdreased,
and in alcoholics.. As the body does not store this Vitamin,
but is rapidly excreted in the urine; so it should be given
daily. Therapeutic dose is 3 to 20 times the above.
Chemistry of Vitamin Bi.:—Vitamin Bi., is isolated and'
synthesised as a white crystalline powder and its chloride,
hydrochloride, and may be extracted from sources, in which it
occurs naturally, such as rice polishings, and yeast, or it may-
be obtained synthetically. Crystalline compounds with h y d r o -
chloric, Nitric and Sulphuric Acids have been prepared. "It
is the thjazol derivative of 2-mythyl-6 amino-pyrimidine and
is a sulphur containing Vitamin. It is colourless, freely
soluble in water and may be obtained in a pure state by extrac-
tion from natural sources or by synthesis. In dry condition it
is stable at 100°C. Destruction in cooking is not great unless.
Sodium-bicarbonate is added to vegetable, but pressure cook-
ing causes rapid destruction".
Character of Vitamin, B].:—It is amino-peptide hydro-
chloride containing CI. N. and S, and is a white crystalline
powder. It is readily soluble in water. Its odour and taste
are bran-like. It should be protected from light during
storage. It withstands boiling in acid medium, is more stable
than Vitamin C , but less so than other Vitamins. It is easily
destroyed by Oxygen in alkaline solution. "It is readily ab-
sorbed from the intestine and readily excreted by the kidney.^
with limited storage in muscles, liver, kidney, heart and brain."
"Thiamine Chloride—(Aneurin-Vitamin Bj) is essential
for the normal intermediate metabolism of carbo-hydrate; i.e.,
it regulates the use of carbo-hydrate»in the body. In its ab-
sence the splitting of carbo-hydrates stops with the formation
of Pyruvic Acid, a substance having a toxic effect on nerve
tissue. This would explain the frequent occurrence of multi-
ple neuritis in alcoholic, who aside from their common dietary
deficiency obtain a large part of their caloric intake in the form
of carbo-hydrates or alcohol. Moreover, carbo-hydrate con-
sumption creates the need for more than the average quota
of Thiamine. It has been shown that the multiple neuritis of
alcohoMcs is relieved by adequate amounts of Thiamine Chlo-
ride without abstinence from alcohol. Carol & Johnson have
 448 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA '

shown that the toxic amblyopia of alcohoUcs behaves in everj'

respect like multiple neuritis yielding to adequate amoimts of
Thiamine Chloride even when the previous consumption of
alcohol is continued. Restoration of normal vision was rapid
in early cases, while in later cases it occurred more slowly and
was often incomplete. After saturating the patients with Thia-'
mine by oral doses or by intra-muscular injection fairly lai-ge
doses were continued for long periods. Since it seemed pos-
sible that often fractions of the Vitamin B. (Complex), might
be of value in protection or restoration of damaged nervous
tissue they advocated the use of Vitamin B. (Complex), in
addition to crystalline Thiamine Chloride. Vitamin Bi is to
be found inter alia in whole cereals, pulses, nuts and yeast.
Tlie vex-y definite results in toxic amblyopia have stimulat-
ed the use of Thiamine Chloride in other forms of optic neu-
ritis of both the typical and retro balbar fonns. This treat-
ment is given in addition to any other treatment indicated by
the supposed cause of the disease. While the evidence in thes^
forms of optic neuritia is by no means so conclusive, as in
cases of toxic amblyopia, due to the tendency of optic neuritis
to improve spontaneously, there seems to be no contra-indica-
tion to employing Thiamine Chloride in all cases, since a defici-
ency may be a factor in certain cases and an extra supply of the
Vitamin may be of value in restoration of nerve tissue when
damaged by various agents. There is even some evidence that
the lesions of multiple sclerosis recover more quickly with less
likelihood of recurrence when large doses of Thiamine Chlo-
ride are provided."
"In the conditions mentioned above, 20 to 50 milligrams
(6,000 to 15,000 I.U.) is advised to be given daily by intramus-
cular or intra-venous injection during the first week, when the
dose may be cut to 10 Mg. a day by injection, or considerabl3^
larger doses by the mouth as absorption by this route is in-
complete. Oral dosage should be continued for long periods
in amounts of 10 to 15 Mg. per day".
("Pharmacology & Therapeutics), (1948) by Dr. M. A.
Kamath).
"The daily average requirements for an adult is about
1.2-1.8 Mgm.; infants require about i of this amount, and the
requirements in pregnancy and lactation are 5 times the
normal adult average. In pregnancy large amounts of Aneu-
rine are required and it is believed that the poly-neuritis of
pregnancy is a result of aneurine deficiency. Increased physi-
cal work, pregnancy and hyper-thyroidism necessitates in-
 . APPENDICES 449

ereaseci intake, as the utilisation of anuerine is directly related

1o that of carbo-hydrates."
Standard and Dose:—"The International Unit is defined as
the anti-neuritic activity or potency of 10 Mg. of the absorbate
of^Vitamin Bi, or of 3 grams of pure B], i.e., 300 I.U., equals
1 Mgm; or pure crystalline Vitamin Bi has an activity of 500
I.U. per Mg. The minimum daily requirements for an adult
of 17 kilo weight (11 stones) on 3000 calories a day is approxi-
mately 300 I.U., or 1 Mgm., but 500 to 700 I.U. is desirable.
Infants need 50-60 I.U. (0.2 Gm.)".
Vitamin Bi may be administered by the mouth in the form
of solution or tablets, or may be administered by subcutane-
ous, intra-muscular or intra-venous injection. Parenteral
Therapy is suitable to cases where gastric secretion of hydro-
chloric acid is effective.
Doses:—Prophylactic, daily 100 to 200 units; Imperial
1/200 to 1/100 grains; or 2 to 10 Mg. (1 Mg. is equal to 500
Units.) In deficiency state 2 to 4 Mgm. are usually required
to secure rapid improvement. However, in doubtful cases,
large doses, 10 to 20 Mgm. may be given for a week before the
therapeutic test is held to be negative. Aneurine should be
given to all cases of alcoholic peripheral neuritis and heart-
failure. It shomd also be tried in all cases of peripheral neu-
ritis and myocardial weaknesses of obscure origin".
Vitamin Ba, or Riboflavin, or originally identified as Lacto-
flavin or Vitamin G.:—^The heat destructible or labile active
constituent of autoflaved yeast has been named Bi, or Thia-
mine. The heat stable proportion came to be known as B2.
But, later on, it was observed that this B2 was not a single
Vitamin. Still further researches established the existence of
a water-soluble Vitamin G., which was later on found to be
the same as B2. It was for some time only that Bo or G
Vitamin were held to be identical. Afterwards B2 was found
to have something more in addition to Vitamin G. and Vitamin
B2 was found to be complex substance containing several Vita-
mins, and also an important food factor. The name "Bo
Complex" could not continue for long, because, out of these
complex Vitamins more and more Vitamins began to be identi-
fied. At present the name Vitamin "B2 Complex", is used for
several Vitamins (at least 9 or 10 chemical compounds) and
the name B2 is reserved for (old Vitamin B.), a pure substance
now named 'Riboflavin'. Therefore, Vitamin Bo, Vitamin G.,
Lacto-flavin, and Riboflavin are synonyms of the same sub-
stance. The name Riboflavin has become more common, just
29
 450 THE INDIAN MATERIA MfEDICA

as Thiamine is now current in place of Vitamin Bi. The sub-

stance belongs to a group of compounds known as Flavins. It
was named Lactoflavin, or Ovoflavin according to its source,
milk or egg.
"Riboflavin functions primarily in tissue respiration en-
zyme systems concerned with oxygen transport. It is readily
absorbed from the intestine, has limited storage in the bodj/,
and is excreted in the urine. No toxicity has been reported."
Vitamin Bo:—All cereal foods, roots, tubers, fruits and
grains are poor sources of Vitamin Bu, milled rice being the
poorest; because, it is a substance In rice-polishings, i.e., the
outer coating of rice and wheat. Yet, Vitamin By, or Ribo-
flavin is widely distributed in plants and animals, and is need-
ed for growth. Similarly as the coatings of all cereals, con-
tain Vitamin B., care should be taken to see that nothing of the
'"• coating of the cereals is removed during husking. The more
the coating is retained, the better the food value it has. But
B^ occurs in eggs, milk, yeast, kidney liver and yellow pig-
ment of tubercle bacillus. Richest sources of Riboflavin are
dairy produce, (milk), meat, eggs, liver, fish, tomatoes, peas,
cabbage, and spinach and green leafy vegetables. Yeast is
usually not as good a source of Riboflavin as wheat germ, b u t
can be made so by being cultivated under certain conditions.
"Plants manufacture Vitamin B. Men and animals derive
it from plants. But unlike Vitamin A., plants do not have it
in leaves so much as in the seeds, confined in their coatings or
outer coverings. It is, however, present in leaves also. The
more important an organ is, the more Vitamin B is utilised
and therefore stored by it. It is! more plentiful in the brain.
than in the heart, liver, kidneys and other organs of the ani-
mals. Organs containing Vitamin B., if used as food supply
Vitamin B. Though hand-pounded rice coiitains Vitamin B. to
a satiisfactory extent, if it is also subjected to some degree of
polishing, it is 7io better than milled rice.
Human system cannot store up a reserve of Vitamin B. It
must be replenished daily. That is why doctors urge the eat-
ing of some food every day, which contains Vitamin B. Daily
requirement is believed to be 1 to 3 Mg.
Chemistry of Vitamin B^:—"It crystallises in yellowish
brown needles with no sharp melting point; its solubiHty is
.slight, (2.5 part per 1,000 at 25°C). It is soluble in fat sol-
vents and is stable in strongly acid solution and unstable in
alkalies, when exposed to light or irradiation with ultra-violet
light. It should, therefore, be stored in amber coloured am-
 APPENDICES 451

poules." Formula of Vitamin, Bo is 6-7"dimethyl 9 (Bi ribitil),

isoalloxazine. The Bourquin—Sherman unit is equivalent to
2-2.5 micrograms of Riboflavin. Bo has for some time been
recognised as consisting of at least three parts:— (1) Rihojlavin,
—for which the synonynm Vitamin Bo may be retained. (2)
Nicotinic Acid, previously Imown as the P P factor. (3) Pyri-
doxine, previously known as Vitamin, B^. It is also a water-
soluble pigment giving a yellow solution ;yid having a yellow
green fluorescence.
Daily requirement:—The general requirement of Pabo-
fiavin is Ig times that of Thiamin or nearly 44 milligrams per
day for adults; 450 units (0.9 to 1.2 Mgm.) daily by boys and
girls under 6 and 7 years; 7 to 10 years require 540 units
(1.08 to 1.32 Mgm.); and adults require 600 units or 1.2 to
2.5 Mgm. up to 5 milligrams even.
Therapeutic Dose:—Up to 10 times the above.
Synthetic Vitamin Bo.:—RJboflavin-5-phosphate, the form
in which the body uses Vitamin, Bo, can now be synthesized
on a large scale. The new process is reported by two chemists
of the Hoffman-La-Roche Pharmaceutical Co., at Nutley, New
Jersey. In the body phosphorus is added, making Riboflavin
more soluble without interfering with its biological activity.
It is this soluble compound that the new chemical process
produces. Riboflavin-5-Phosphorus will be put to greater use
in medical research, since the soluble material can be injected
into the blood stream in large quantities than possible before.
It also can be administered in liquid drops to babies providing
them with an adequate supply of this vitamin. Riboflavin
itself is synthesized in large quantities in the United States to
enrich bread and other foods. Synthetic Riboflavin-5-
Phosphate also has been prepared before, but only in small
quantities, and only recently in a pure State." ("India Inter-
national", January, 1952, page 47).
Shortage of Vitamin, B., Bo., and B. Complex causes:—
Ariboflavinosis; Mal-nutrition; lack of body resistance; taste
for unhealthy things; complete deprivation causes Beri-beri or
poly-neuritis; while partial lack results in peripherial neurotis
and cardiac vascular depression etc., abnormalities; nerve
complaints; loss of appetite or depraved appetite (anorexia);
dysphagia (with gastric discomfort and malaise) or gastro-
intestinal derangement, (diarrhoea, indigestion, constipation,
pellagra, mucous collitis and worms); failure of growth, loss
of weight, weakness of heart and lack of vigour or lowered
vitality; nerve complaints; headache, anaemia and unhealthy
 y

452 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

skin; Edema, weakness of eye-sight; conjunctivitis witii

photophobia, accommodation defects^ etc., "Soreness" o£ the
angles of the mouth (Cheilosis) and the tongue; a syndrome
characterised by thickening and cracking of the lips and by
corneal and by lesions; it occurs hiost commonly in those
whose diet consists largely of milled rice. Rapid cure follows
the daily consumption of half to 1 oz. of dried yeast, half to
one pint of good milk, or 2 to 3 eggs.
Deficiency of Vitamin B. in a child's diet makes it in-
different, lazy, and predisposed to infection, e.g., tuberculosis
and common colds. "Lack of Vitamin B. along with insuffi-
ciency of iron in the food of pregnant woman and the mother,
has something to do in the production of pregnancy and
puerperal (after-delivery) anaemias. Therefore, the food of
mothers must be rich in Vitamin B., so that they may pass
on more of it to the infants they suckle. Shortage of Vitamin
B. is disastrous to children.
Shortage of Vitamin Bj. causes:—Rosacea Keratitis; an-
gular stomatitis; seborrhoea; dermatitis; purple glossitis;
fatiguability; lack of growth in children. Administration is
said to benefit pernicious anaemia and sprue.
Vitamin B. Complex are all water-soluble.
Vitamin B2. Complex is a group including:—(a) Ribo-
flavin: ("Lactoflavin or Lactoflavine, Vitamin G., Vitamin B-i-)
a water-sokible yellow crystalline substance (pigment)
responsible for growth-promoting properties, first isolated from
milk (lactoflavin). It is also found in yeast, milk-whey and
liver extract. When its phosphate is conjugated with pro-
tein, it forms the "respiratory enzyme" of the tissues, which is
essential for the oxidation of carbohydrates, aldehydes,
lactic-acid and amino-acids. The alkaline solution of Ribo-
flavin deteriorates if exposed to light. Dose:—Imperial 1/60
to 1/6 grain; Metric 0.001 to 0.01 grm. Riboflavin's phosphoric
acid, ester or niacin, or nicotinic acid, or niacinamide, or
nicotinamide, or nicotinic acidamide ["Pellagra-preventing
factor- (P. P. factor),] pyridine-m-carboxylic acid, also con-
sists of white crystals or crystalline powder with a feebly acid"
taste (for more details, refer Vitamin B7. also). It is soluble
in 75 parts of water, at 15°C., and readily soluble in boiling
water and alcohol (95%.)
Dose of Nicotinainide:—Metric 0.02 to 0.1 grm. Imperial
1/3 to l i Gr. (B.P.) form an essential part of the active group
of various oxidizing enzymes. Niacin or Nicotinic Acid in doses
of 25-200 mg. or more given orally or I.V. improves, within
 APPENDICES 453

a few days, Dermititis, Stomatitis, Vincent's Angina, Poi-phyri-

nuria, Diarrhoea and nervous symptoms of Pellagra- If initial
doses cause cutaneous vasodilatation, itching of the erythe-
matous areas, facial flushing, burning, faintness, sensation of
warmth,' administration is withheld for 2 days. It prevents
porphyrinuria caused by sulphanilamide treatment. Nicotina-
mide or Niacinamide which is used to prevent and treat
Pellagra, does not cause vasodilation and itching of the skin,
as nicotinic acid may do, and so it is preferable to the latter,
for hypodermic administration."—(Dr. H . V . Savanur.) The
richest sources of Nicotinic Acid are:—^yeast, lean meat offals,
especially livers; meat, fish, wheat-germ, soyabeans, whole
grain cereals, peanuts, potatoes, dried separated milk, fruit
juices, dried eggs, rice, bran and whole wheat. White bread
contains smaller quantities than whole meal.
"Niacin and Niacinamide (P-P Factor) vitamin functions
primarily in the CHO metabolism enzyme systems concerned
with hydrogen transport and glycolysis. It is a component of
respiratory coenzymes I and II."
Mass Production of Niacin:—"Niacin is also an important
member of the Vitamin B. Group and is used in enriched
bread, in Pharmaceuticals etc.; Until now, it has been made
from quinoline or pyridine, which are derived from coal during
coke production. The output is rather small. A new raw
material froin which Niacin can be produced is two-methyl
five ethyl pyridine made by the reaction of acetaldehyde and
ammonia. Both chemicals are obtained in tremendous quan-
tities from petroleum and natural gas. The entire demand
for niacin could be met from less than a tenth of one per cent
of the total supply of these basic chemicals." (Page 19 of
April, 1952, "India International", Bombay, 14).
(b) Pantoyltaurine: is a substance experimentally
found to act on sulphonamide—resistant strains of strepto-
coccus, and on B. Diphtheriae, etc-
(c) Inositol:—This factor is essential to mice and like
chohne is a "lipotropic Vitamin B. Complex Factor" or
"Alopecia Vitamin", which prevents or cures fatty infiltration
of the liver. It is a normal constituent of all plant and animal
tissues. The precise indications of this in animal physiology
have not as yet been determined, though it has been suggested
that it may be essential, with pantothenic acid, for normal
gastro-intestinal functions. "A variety of pathological condi-
tions have been suggested to be due to lack of this Vitamin,
the administration of which effects cure or improvement in
such conditions. These are alopecia, and 'Spectacle eye' in
 454 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

rats as well as pruritus, and atrophic gastritis in man. It is

also said to inhibit tumour growth and to prevent deposition
of fat in liver and other organs in man. Owing to almost
universal occurrence of this Vitamin in animal and plant
tissues, the deficiency of this Vitamin is not commonly met
with in man." "It is believed that deficiency of Inositol in
animals results in falling of hair, and is a factor for growth
and health and for fat metabolism." But, Drs. M. Chatton,
S. Margen and Hr. D. Brainerd opine that inositol's role in
himian nutrition and its use in liver disease are still entirely
unclear.
(d) Para-amino-Benzoic Acid:—is widely distributed
over the entire plant and animal kingdoms. It is necessary for
growth and normal pigmentation of animals. As a possible
member of the Vitamin B. (complex), it has been studied
'" because of the discovery of its specific neutralising power on
the bacteriostatic effects of sulphonamides. After it was
isolated from yeast, its essential need for cell-life became more
probable. It is recognised as an effective anti-ricketsia agent.
Therapeutically the greatest use of Para-Amino-Benzoic
Acid has been made in the treatment of louse-borne Typhus
in Egypt and Rocky Mountain spotted-fever in children. It
was found that the course of the disease could be favourably
modified provided the drug was given within the first week
of the illness. Large doses, 24 to 48 grammes daily in four
divided doses, every two hours, were found necessary to give
a blood concentration between 10 and 20 Mg. per 100 cc.
Toxic reactions were not seen. Average daily dose is
about 30 grammes in solution with Soda-bicarb, given in four
doses every two hours. In children 2 or 3 grms.
On more or less emperic grounds DRY and others
administered simultaneously Para-Amino-Benzoic Acid and.
Sodium Salicylate to cases of rheumatic fever, which had noc
responded to a liberal intake of Salicylate alone. The clinical
response was dramatic and complete. It has been found that
P-A-Benzoic Acid modifies the formation of melanin, the hair
pigment and that it darkens the hair of grey-haired persons
when given in 100 Mg. doses, twice a day for 6 to 8 months.
(e) Folic Acid: (Pteroylglutamic Acid):—Once known
by the name Vitamin M. or Vitamin BC. or L. Casei Factor,
strictly, is a bright orange-yellow crystalline substance,
isolated from spinach, and found to be growth factor for
Streptococcus lactis R. (S. Faecalis) and for Lactohacillns
casei- Folic Acid exists naturally in conjugate form in yeast.
 APPENDICES 453

liver, kidney, inilk, grasses, mushrooms and green leaves.

"Folic Acid compounds have been studied under several
names and the following are now kno\vn to be Folic Acid
variants:—Vitamin M; Vitamin BC; Vitamin Bw; and
B n , "eluate factor" (from liver), and the "L. Casei Factor",
"Recently a compound which is identified with "L. Casei
Factor", isolated from liver has been synthesized. Experi-
mental studies indicate that there are at least three or more
compoimds occurring in natural materials with Folic Acid
activity in. different species.
Folic Acid is also supposed to be pteroyl glutamic acid,
having glutamic acid joined by a peptide linkage to the
carboxyl of pteroic acid, which in pteridine and P-amino-
Benzoic Acid (a compound of Pteridine and Glutomic Acid).
It has been synthesized and isolated from liver and yeast,* as
Vitamin BC. Though active in causing red cell formation, it
is not the true 'anti-pernicious anaemia factor' of liver, and
it does not prevent the nerve degeneration, which often accom-
panies pernicious anaemia, Pteroyl diglutamyl glutamic acid
(from fermentation residues of certain bacteria), and pteroyl
hexaglutamyl glutamic acid (Vitamin BC conjugate from
yeast) are also known. It has been suggested that sulphona-
raides act by preventing bacteria from synthesizing Folic Acid,
which is essential for their growth."—(Pages 973 and 974 of
Chamber's Technical Dictionary, 1949).
In man so far no instance of natural Folic Acid deficiency
has been described. In the experimental animals, the out-
standing feature of Folic Acid deficiency is leucopaenia.
Folic Acid seems essential for the metabolism of bone
marrow cells of all series. It is used for the treatment of
anaemias, which can be grouped under Addisonian pernicious
anaemia and some other nutritive marcocytic anaemia (e.g.,
sprue) accompanying sprue and pellagra, and anaemia secon-
dary to cirrhosis of the liver. It has been found useful in
nutritional diarrhoea and coeliac disease. Non-megaloblastic,
macrocytic anaemias do not respond to liver extract, and
therefore Fohc Acid will not replace liver-therapy in all
cases. Folic Acid is of no value in iron-deficiency anaemia,
in anaemia due to hypoplasia or aplasis of bone-marrow, in
leucaemia and certain other megaloblastic anaemias-
"The need of Folic Acid in human nutrition has not been
established. Indications are that it plays a fimdamental role
in blood formation. The synthetic compound has been
reported to have anti-pernicious anaemia activity when ad-
ministered in large doses; but there is no evidence that it is
456 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

identical with the anti-pernicious anaemia factor in liver ex-

tracts. It has also been effective experimentally in otlier
macrocytic anaemias, nutritional anaemia and anaemia of
pergnancy and sprue". (Moor, 1945; Sharp, 1943).
10 to 20 Mgm. of Folic Acid by mouth daily causes the
following effects in pernicious anaemia; prompt reticulocytosis
within 5—10 days, change of megaloblastic bone-marrow into
normoblastic one and improvement in all clinical symptoms
except those of the C.N.S. The peak response in reticulo-
cytosis is rather weaker than that with patent liver extract
and though the regeneration of Hb. and R.B.C., at the start
is as good as with a patent liver extract, the maintenance is
not so good as Avith liver extract. Neurological symptoms do
not improve and may actually arise during Folic Acid The-
rapy. Folic Acid should, therefore, he never used hy itself
in pernicious anaemia.
Folic Acid is also useful in nutritional macrocytic anaemia,
macrocytic anaemia refractory to liver therapy and in sprue
and idiopathic steatorrhoea. In the last two, there is clini-
cal improvement without any effect on fat absorption and
without any definite haematological response-
ID Mgm. of Folic Acid by mouth is eqivalent to 6-23 Mgm.
of Vitamin Bjo, intramuscularly. (Dr. V. N. Ashtaputre,
M.S., in Magazine of 'Miraj Christian Medical School', March,
1951, p. 24).
Hamilton Fairley in "Practitioner", October, 1947, reports
the efficiency of Folic Acid in tropical sprue and anaemia,
and Black and Stanbury report in "Lancet", dated 14-6-1947,
two cases of agranulotosis said to have been cured by Folic
Acid. Further clinical research re. these diseases by Folic
Acid treatment is needed to arrive at final conclusions.
N. B.:—A comprehensive review of the development d£
Knowledge about Folic Acid has been published by Drs.
Berry and Spies and another, appears in UNRRA Bulletin.
(f) "Choline occurs in nature as a constituent of phos-
pholipids, is a methyl donor, and is related to the metabolism
and distribution of fats. It has been termed a 'lipotropic'
growth factor, being concerned in the prevention and resto-
ration to normal of livers, affected by fatty infiltration. It is
essential for the metabolism of natural fat and cholesterol. It
has a lipotropic action and helps the liver in the transport and
utilisation of fatty acids. It maintains normal kidney struc-
ture. It protects the liver from the action of toxins and
 APPENDICES 457

poisons; and its deficiency plays some role in the causation of

cirrhosis of the liver.
In ordinary mixed diet of man its deficiency is unlikely
to occur owing to wide distribution of this factor in animal and
v-egetable foods, yeast egg-yolk, nerve tissues; liver and wheat
germ, which are rich sources of these Vitamins, though it is
also present in green and leguminous vegetables; milk is
however not a rich source and the suggestion that a diet of
cow's milk and a B. coli infection may be responsible for in-
fantile cirrhosis of liver, merits consideration".
"Choline is essential for certain other functions in ani-
mals such as, normal nutrition of the chick and for egg pro-
duction, for the prevention of perosis or slipped tendon in the
birds and for the lactation and normal nutrition of rat. In
addition, Choline is utilised in the animal organism for the
formation of acetyl-choline. Choline requirement of dog is
about 35 mg; per kg. of body weight daily; that of chick is
75 mg. daily- Generally speaking, the young growing animal
needs more of it than the adult. Dogs made artificially dia-
betic have also been found to require Choline",— ("Treatise
on Tropical Therapeutics", 1950). Large doses of Vitamin B.
(Complex) along with protein diet were used by Patak and
others in the treatment of cirrhosis of the liver and good results
have been claimed with this treatment. The diet given con-
tained proteins 139 grm., fat 175 grm., and carbo-hydrate 365
grm.; total caloric value 3600. Yeast is given in doses of 25
grm. daily. Vitamin B. is injected daily in doses of 5 mg. and
a crude concentrated liver extract (5 cc.) is injected twice
weekly. Choline has proved useful in two cases of Icterus
gravis neonatorum. It was given in doses o | 5 grm. daily.
Choline is changed into Acetyl Choline in the body-
D. S. Balasundaram of Madras reports in "Indian Medi-
cal Gazette", December 1947, the good results occurred in
cirrhosis of the liver, both of the adult and infantile type, by
treatment with a standard patent Choline preparation.
Therapeutic doses of Choline have been administered
orally and intravenously in the form of Choline-chloride, 0.33
grm. to infants daily, and from 1 to 8 grm. to adults. Since
Choline is known to be a circulatory depressant its paren-
taral administration is not without danger. Orally too, it
should not he given on a fasting stomach.
The latest advance in the treatment of cirrhosis of the
liver in the adults consists in the administration of Methionine
2 grms. daily, and Choline-chloride 2 grms. daily. Special
liver extracts enriched with Vitamin B. (Complex)—patent
 458 THE INDIAN MATERIA IVffiDICA

•preparations manufactured by reliable Firms, may also be

given, strictly according to instructions therewith, for cure.
N. B.:—The question has been raised whether Cho-
line should be considered a Vitamin and a member of
B.-Complex. It may later be classed as an independeijt
nutritional factor in its own right. (Dr. H. V. Savnur).
(g) Biotin, see Vitamin H:—This is the latest member
•of the Vitamin B-(Complex) group to be synthetised, The
deficiency of this factor brings about a synirome characterised
by a scaly dermatitis, achengrey pallor, tongue lesions, paras
hesiae, nausea and changes in the blood picture. Avidin, a
protein contained in raw white of egg, produces a complex
with the biotin present in diet and prevents its absorption,
thus bringing about its deficiency. Good improvement in a
•case in which dermatitis largely disappeared and the seinim
' biotin returning to normal, has been reported under a liberal
diet and injections of methylester of biotin.
Good sources of biotin are yeast, cereals, peas, ground-
nuts, meat, liver and eggs. Biotin increases in cereals during
germination. An ordinary diet supplies about 30 to 40 mg.
of biotin daily. "Yeast forms one of the best sources of all
the B. Vitamins. -J to 1 oz. of an average yeast should sup-
ply the daily adult requirements (about 500 I.U. or 1.5 mg.)
of Vitamin Bi. It is possible to obtain yeast specially rich
in Vitamin Bi so that the daily requirement is provided by as
little as 2 grammes".
N.B.:—All the above are water-soluble Vitamins
originally distinguished from Bj, by their greater heat-
stabihty.
Vitamin B, (Pantothenic Acid or bios IIA.)—has been
identified as the "chick anti-dermatitis factor" or the "Liver-
filtrate factor".
Sources are:—Yeast, eggs, whole wheat, peanuts and
liver. Isolated from raw liver. Also made synthetically.
Daily requirement and Therapeutic dose:—5 to 10 mg. '
This was found to cause a decrease in the capacity of liver
tissues to oxidise pyruvate, and possibly is a component of
enzyme systems active in connection with pyruvate meta-
bolism, with P-Amino-Benzoic Acid and biotin; its importance
as an anti-grey hair factor has been mentioned.
Pantothenic Acid has been found efficacious in peripheral
neuritis unrelieved by other B. Vitamins, and is necessary
ior growth in rates, but its role in man is not known. In
 APPENDICES 459

Beriberi Its blood level is 20 to 50 per cent below normal.

"Pantothenic Acid apparently closely allied with the cumu-
lative effect of Vitamin B-Complex and has been shown to
have a synergistic effect in the human system in association
with Riboflavin."
Pantothenates are essential for -the metabolism of micro-
organisms, and efforts have been directed to synthetise sub-
stances very similar to Pantothenate, which will starve micro-
organisms of a substance essential for growth. Has been of
therapeutic value in the treatment of certain anaemias.
^'Though Pantothenates have been employed in men, their
precise indications have not been determined".
Chemistry of Vitamin B-':—Little is known of this fac-
tor beyond the fact that something occurring in dried yeast
and wheat embrayo is necessary to prevent loss of weight in
pigeons fed on a diet of polished rice supplemented with liberal
amounts of Vitamin B.
Stability of Vitamin B',:—This factor is thermolabile.
Results of shortage:—Possibly contributes to pellagra;
rats develop a dry scabby skin and thinning of the hair, (leads
to atrophy of Suprarendle in rats); chicks develop dermatitis
and degeneration of the spinal cord. Though detailed effects
on man ai-e not yet known, the substance is said to be neces-
sary for health.
Chemistry of Vitamui B^:—This factor is found in bakers'
yeast and can be separated from the watery extracts of Vita-
min Bi, by absorption on Norite Charcoal at P.H.1.0. It is
a base and forms a crystalline hydrochloride of the composi-
tion C4H4N4, HCL, JHoO- It is precipitated by phospho-
tungstic acid (p. HjO to 4.0), mercuric sulphate, picric acid,
picrolonic acid and gold chloride. Pauly and nitroprusside
tests are negative.— (Page 749 of Martindale's Extra Pharma-
copoeia, Vo. II).
Symptoms of Vitamin Bi deficiency in rats are different
from the symptoms of Bi deficiency. Vitamin Bj has not yet
been shown to be necessary for human beings. "A specific
type of paralysis in rats and chicks results from the lack of
this Vitamin, the existence of which, however, is doubtful.
This may be identical with other known factors. Recent work
identifies it with the aminoacids arginine and cystine". (Page
112 of Treatise on Ti-opical Therapeutics" (1950).
Stability of Vitamin B—which is thermolabile. is most
stable in 20% acetone-water solution at P.H.3.O.
460 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Vitamine B5:—This alkali-heat-stable, water-soluble fac-

tor is necessary for the growth, (weight-maintenance), and
well-being of pigeons, is also now thought to be the same sub-
stance as Vitamin B«, or Pyridoxine.
Vitamhi Bo: (Pyridoxine or Pyridoxin; Pyridoxine hydro-
chloride; Adermin; Bitamin B2, is also a pyridine derivative
and forms one of the new (fraction of the) factors of the ori-
ginally known as Vitamin B-Complex, or Vitamin B2 Com-
plex.
Pyridoxin or Pyridoxine is a white., odourless, crystal-
line powder with a bitter taste, melting at 157" to 16b''C. with
decomposition; soluble in water and alcohol, stable to heat
and alkalies, but destroyed by light. Pyridoxine may be con-
cerned in oxidations and possibly in haemoglobin formation.
This Vitamin before its isolation in 1938 was given a variety
of names by different workers including "factor Y" or "factor
1", or "Vitamin H " and the "rat anti-dermatitis Vitamin" oi-
factor or adermin.
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride—also occurs as a white odour-
less crystalline powder with a saline taste, and a melting
point of 206° to 208°. It is soluble 22 to 100 of water, 1.1 in
100 of alcohol (95%) and slightly soluble in other solvents;
stable to light and air.
Pyridoxine or Pyridoxin—occurs naturally in cereals;
seeds, yeast, rice-bran and rice-husk; peanuts; egg-yolks-
liver etc., and may be prepared synthetically as 2-mythyl-3-
hydroxyl-4: 5 dihydroxy-methyl-pyridine.
Uses:—Vitamin B^ is known to be required for growth
of certain micro-organisms and said to be needed to maintain
muscle tone in certain parts of the digestive tract. In human
nutrition. Vitamin Bo has been found to relieve symptoms
(characterised by extreme nervousness, tremors, insomnia,
irritability, rigidity, abdominal pain, weakness and difficulty in
walking) in patients whose typically pellagrous and neuritic
condition had been cured by Nicotinic Acid and Vitamin Bi,
or where Niacin had failed, but whose diet had remained im-
changed and whose unhealthy condition had obviously been
due to a lack of several factors", and "useful in skin disease,
cheilosis, anaemia, muscular distrophy and Parkinsonism,
arsenical peripheral neuritis and chorea, angular stomatitis
and migrane of pregnancy.
Vitamin Bo probably assists in the metabolism of un-
.'^aturated' fatty acids. Recent evidence has indicated tbjflt
when equal doses of pyridoxine hydrochloride and thiamine
 APPENDICES 461

hydro-chloride are administered in substantial therapeutic

dosage by mouth, many cases of hyperemesis gravidarum are
relieved of then- excessive nausea and vomitting". Oral doses
have varied from 50 to 250 Mg. daily; injection from 50 to 100
Mg. daily, or every other day. No definite range seems yet
to have been determined.
Dose:—50 to 100 Mg. daily. Vitamin Bo is required in
increased amounts during pregnancy.
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride: is stated to improve mues-
thenia gravis, muscular dystrophy and paralysis agitans.
Results of shortage and absence:—The skin manifestation
(characteristic dermatitis) of pellagra are at any rate partly
due to Vitainin Bo shortage, which has also caused epilepti-
form convulsions in rats; "rat-acrodynia" characterised by
dermatitis of the paws, nose and ears; defective growth in
chicks; pigeons develop digestive disturbances; hypocliromic
anaemia in dogs.
Vitamin B7;—has • the same functions of the popularly
known Nocotinic Acid or as some put it as Niacin to distin-
guish it from Nicotine of tobacco. It is prepared by the oxi-
dation of Nicotine or by laboratory synthesis. Nicotinic acid
is present in most forms of animal and vegetable life. (See
also:—Vitamin B2 Complex).
Nicotinic Acid (Niacin) is B-pyridine B-carboxylic Acid
and its amide-nicotamide is a compound of complex systems
of enzymes.
Nicotinic Acid is a white crystalline solid melting at 228-
229°C.; it is soluble in hot water and alcohol. It is one of the
most stable of Vitamins and is not destroyed by exposure to
air, cooking, light or alkalies. It can be sterilized by auto-
claving. . Being an acid it forms salts.
Daily requirement of B7:—In man about 30 to 60 milli-
grams; minimum requirement to prevent pellagra is 8 to 16.5
mgm. (0.12 mgm per kilo) daily.
Therapcjutic Dose:—Up to 1000 milhgrams daily; but
effects must be watched; toxic effects are flushing, dizziness,
headache and nausea.
Shortage of Vitamin B7:—(a-niacinosis) causes:—Pel-
lagra (other Vitamins also lacking); mental confusion; glos-
sitis.
Administration benefits:—Vincent's angina, delirium
tremens (500 mg. dosage), angina pectoris, coronary sclerosis;
bronchial asthma; Nicotinamide has lately been tried on dia-
 462 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

betes with good results, which according to Gordon (B.M.J.

14-6-47) depend upon the amount of functioning pancreatic
tissues. In the treatment of pellagra the effective oral dose
is about 500 mgm. daily. In order to avoid unpleasant side
effects, it is recommended that this dose be divided into 10
smaller doses of 50 mgm. each. If intravenous administration
is necessary, the total daily dose may be reduced to 80 mgm..
When mai-ked improvement occurs, the dose may be reduced
to 100 mgm. daily by mouth. Besides pellagra, nicotinic acid
is used in stomatoglossitis, sprue and allied conditions,.ienko-
plakia, pruritis, lupus erythematosis, eczema, psychosis, d u e
to" defective nutrition, meniere's disease and sulphonamide in-
tolerance in doses of 150 mgm.
Vitamin Bg:—(Adenylic Acid) ^-Adenylic Acid or Adeno-
sine Monophosphate, a complex of Adenyne, Ribose and
' Phosphoric Acid, is widely distributed in nature, in cereals,
glandular tissues and yeast, from which it can be extracted.
It is said to be essential for the phosphorylation of glucose,
Adenelic Acid being first converted into Adenosine Triphos-
phate, which transfers its labile phosphate to glucose. That
the energy of muscular contraction is derived from the break-
down of Adenosine Triphosphate is supported by evidence,
this reaction being catalised by Calcium ions. Ruskin report-
ed success with iron Adenylate in the treatment of agranulo-
cytosis following chemotherapy. It is stated that Adenylic
Acid enhances the effect of Vitamin Bi, in cases refractory to
treatment with the latter alone. Adenylic Acid inhibits
bacterial growth. Spies and collaborators reported that Ade-
nylic Acid has a powerful pharmacological action. Rapid
clinical improvement has also been reported by these ob-
servers in patients suffering from malnutrition, pellagra, and
peripheral neuritis with Adenylic Acid; these patients failed
to respond adequately to yeast, and large doses of Vitamin Bj,
and P. P. Factor. However the evidence for its status as a
Vitamin in human nutrition is lacking.
Vitamin Bm and Bn:—These two Folic Acid variants
chemically unidentified water-soluble members of the Vita-
min B Complex, are stated to be necessary for growth and
proper feather development in the chick. These factors may
be identical with Vitamin Be.
Vitamin Bio:—(Lactobacillus lactis Dorner factor) is a
red crystalline substance isolated from liver and other natural
sources, believed to be the substance, absence of which causes
pernicious anaemia. Minute doses prevent both the blood
and nerve changes characteristic of the disease. "It is a phos-
 APPENDICES 463-

phorus and cobalt containing material isolated from purified

liver extract. "Vitamin B12 given orally produces height and
weight gains, increased physical vigour, alertness, better
general behaviour, definite increase in appetite, and the
vanishing of severe allergic bronchitis in physically retarded
children". ("Science", 110-651, 1949 of New York).
Modern research has led to the discovery of this import-
ant fraction in liver, which is so powerful that 1 mgm. of this
is equivalent to 1 U.S.P. unit injectable liver, which is on an
average the daily amount of liver extract needed for satisfac-
tory response in pernicious anaemia. The crystals of Vitamin
B12 contain 4% cobalt and the red colour is probably due to-
them. The exact significance of this on erythropoiesis is not
yet definite. The preparation of this Vitamin is extremely
-difficult, since 4 tons of liver yield only 1 gramme of Vitamin
' Bi;. In this connection, it is most interesting to note that
streptomyces grisens, which produces Streptomycin also pro-
duces Vitamin B12 and this fact has been taken advantage of
commercially. Liver extracts of high potency containing 10
mgm. per cc. of this Vitamin or more give satisfactory results,
but not those containing lesser percentages.
Administration of Vitamin Bia in pernicious anaemia
leads to a characteristic response clinically and haemotologi-
cally. The drug Ijas the same beneficial effects on neurologi-
cal symptoms as liver extracts, and is safe as far as any aller-
gic manifestations are concerned. It may be the extrinsic
factor is identical with Vitamin B12. Oral administration of
Vitamin B12 is more effective, if coupled with normal gastric
juice, but even then this is less effective than the Vitamin
administered by injection.
Vitamin B]2 is also of good use in nutritional and tropical
macrocytic anaemia and in sprue.
40-80 mgm. weekly for the first three months and then
30 mgm. every week afterwards is a good regime. Patients
with neurological symptoms should receive larger doses. (Dr.
V. N. Ashtaputre M.S., in "Miraj Christian Medical School
Magazine, March, 1951, pages 24 and 25).
Viteimin Be:—(See Folic Acid):—^Vitamin Be is a Folic
Acid variant, also known as the chick anti-anaemic factor, be-
cause, deficiency of this Vitamin causes a nutritional anaemia
in chicks; cures a condition of dietary deficiency in pigeons,
in which these refuse to grow and develop ^an anaemia, cha-
racterised by a decrease in the percentage of haemoglobin and
red cell volume; this condition is also curable by liver extracts.
This has been isolated in crystalline form from liver and yeast.
464 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Given orally it protects rats against the hypochromic anaemia

induced by sulphone drugs, e.g., promine, prominzole, diasoiie,
etc. Recent work identifies this Vitamin with Folic Acid. All
the different Vitamins of this B. Group appear to be closely
related to metabolic processes in the body. Broadly speaking,
the more work we do, the more of the B-Vitamins we require".
N. B.:—"The role of Pantothenic acid. Adenylic acid,
Para-aminobenzoic acid, Biotin, and Vitamin U, in
humans, is at present undetermined and none have as yet
been proven to be of therapeutic value."—(Hand-Book
of Medical Management).
Vitamin C: J h e Antiscorbutic, or (Lexuronic Acid),
Scurvy (infantile and adult) preventing Vitamin or water-
soluble Vitamin C, Ascorbic Acid of B.P., or Cevitamic Acid
is one of the most sensitive of all the Vitamins. It is obtain-
ed from the ripe fruit of Capsicum annum (paprika) and
other vegetable sources, or by synthesis. It is a valuable
substance in the forming of the blood and also acts on the skin.
Copper utensils, air-contact, alkalinity, drying by mode-
rate degrees of heat, cooking, or ageing, all reduce or destroy
Vitamin C content of foods. Ascorbic Acid is a white crystal-
line substance; very easily oxidised in solution, especially in
neutral or alkaline solution; the oxidation is greatly accelerat-
ed by traces of copper, and is probably concerned in oxidation-
reduction reactions in the living organism. Hence, dry or
stale vegetables lose their Vitamin C. Pasteurisation of milk
(150°F.) and quick boiling of milk or vegetables entail a loss
of about 20 to 40% in the Vitamin C. content of milk or vege-
tables. As Vitamin C. is so easily destroyed, artificially fed
infants should be given orange juice or tomato juice from the
third month onward. Older children and adults should take
some fresK fruits, (fruit juices), and green vegetables, pre-
ferably raw, along with their usual diet. On account of the
danger of transmission of dysentery through raw vegetables,
it is necessary to wash them thoroughly in boiling water.
When the supply of green leaves, vegetables or fruits is defi-
cient, sprouted peas and germinated wheat, grams or mung,
should be taken raw, in addition to the usual diet. These
sprouted grains may be added to vegetable curry just two
minutes before it is removed from the fire. Fresh lemonade
has more C , if the lemon juice is added last, when the liquid
is cold. Milk and meat possess a definite but low anti-scor-
butic value. The anti-scorbutic Vitamin differs from the anti-
neuritic one in its distribution and properties, as well as in
the nature of its influence to nutrition. This Vitamin is less
 APPENDICES

wide-spread than the anti-nutritic Vitamin and is more sensi-

tive to heat and drying than the anti-neuritic one; prolonged
cooking or to cook vegetables twice is a fatal mistake, while
the addition of soda renders them useless from the Vitamin
standpoiint. Tinned fruits, which have been raised to a tem-
perature of 120° C. lose their anti-scorbutic properties; so also
the bottled and dried fruits. .In short. Vitamin C. disappears
rapidly from foods, when these are preserved and stored.
This Vitamin is more sensitive to heat than A. or B. It has
also been shown that although pulses and cereal grains in the
ordinary stage contain no Vitamin C , and dried pulses and
grains contain no anti-scorbutic principle while still dry; but.
Vitamin C. develops in 48 hours, if they are moistened and
allowed to germinate or sprout". The sprouted grains should
be eaten raw, or gi-ound into paste and water extracted or
after cooking for not more than 10 minutes. In all dry and
stale foodstuffs and preserved vegetables, most of the Vitamin
C originally present gets destroyed. The tissues of fresh
vegetables dried at low temperature or their expressed juices
preserved in the cold rapidly lose their anti-scorbutic property.
When fresh vegetables and fruits are not easily obtained,
sprouted grains may be used as a cheap and easily available
source of Vitamin C. Sprouted pulses may contain 10 to 15
milligranmies of Vitamin C. per 100 Grammes. A well
balanced diet for school-children and adults, should contain
some 30 to 50 mgs. of Vitamin C per day. Any loss of Vita-
min C caused by the prolonged cooking or cooking twice may
be made u p a little, by inclusion of a few ounces of fresh
fruits, and leafy and other vegetables in the diet. Scurvy is
common enough among children fed on tinned foods. In the
case of infants fed on mother's or cow's milk, boiled fresh m.ilk
or reconstituted dried milk, special attention to Vitamin C.
requirem.ents is necessary. These can be supplemented by
giving orange or tomato or lemon fruit juices, in small quan-
tities. "Like Vitamins A. and B., Vitamin C , which is an
auxiliary to Vitamins A. and B. also is stored by the liver. So
carnivorous animals obtain their supply of these three Vita-
mins from the liver and blood of their prey. The white inside
of the peel of the oranges is particularly rich in Vitamin C.
Regarded as a source of Vitamin C. animal food is no good.
Eggs have no anti-scorbutic property; liver has but very little
of it. The quantitative presence of Vitamin C in milk de-
pends upon the green fodder, which the cow consumes."
Vitamin C. is necessary in abundant quantity to keep the
blood piu-e, teeth, bones, gums and generally the whole of the
body in health.
30
 466 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Shortage or deficiency of Vitamin C. causes:—Scurvy,

(reddish skin eruptions); sallowness, malnutrition, loss of
appetite, vigour, weight, fleeting pains in the limbs and joints,
in adults; growing pain in infants and children, which make
them cry whenever they are handled; lowered resistance to
infection; difficult healing of cuts and abrasions; anaemia;
lassitude; fretful temper; poor digestion; bleeding from
mucous membranes or haemorrhages from any part of the
body; pyorrhoea; (spongy bleeding gums, loosening of the
teeth); ulceration of stomach and bowels (even peptic ulcer) ;
enlargement of heart; and degeneration of sex organs and
capillary walls; some forms of infantile cataract; impairs cel-
lular oxidation, reduction and formation of red-blood-cells.
Newer scientific knowledge of Vitamin C:—"It was dis-
covered sometime ago that a hexuronic acid obtained from
s suprarenal glands was identical with the substance made out
of lemon juice as Vitamin C. This synthetic substance is call-
ed ascorbic acid. As this has got reducing property, real lime
juice can be easily distinguished from the artificial product
which has no ascorbic acid and, therefore, no reducing pro-
perty. The availability of the pure chemical substance as
ascorbic acid has made the determination of Vitamin C. con-
tent of food materials in terms of the pure product possible.
"The requirement for health in adults has been put at 40
milligrams of ascorbic acid, and the minimum requirement to
prevent scurvy is one ounce of lemon juice or 20 milligrams
of ascorbic acid. If more than the requirement is ingested,
the quantity in excess of the saturation comes out in the urine.
Later researches have shown that the effect of ascorbic acid
deficiency is observable in many directions even before scurvy
may appear. It is now known that Vitamin C exerts a great
influence on the structure of tissues, regulates intra-cellular
cement substance of capillaries, promotes the growth and
ripening of the white and red blood cells, and its want causes
widespread degenerative changes in the body. Therefore, the
system should be kept always saturated with Vitamin C. by
the intake of juices of raw leaves or fruit-juices in sufficient
quantities". "Most people think of orange juice as the one
provider of Vitamin C , but a double order of tomato juice
is of equal value".
"The amounts of ascorbic acid in milligrammes per 100 .
grammes are as under: —
Orange and lemon juices—60; apples, 3; banana, 15;
grapes, 3; cabbage, 100; potato, 20; lettuce, 5; Human
milk, 6; Cows' milk, 2."
 APPENDICES 467

"Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) is also made synthetically."

Vitamin C. condenses with aldehydes, acetone and other
ketones in the form of minute colourless crystals with acid
taste, readily soluble in water, melting at 192° C. When dry
and protected from light, it is stable even in tropics. Auto-
claving at 120° C. for 20 minutes in oxygen at pH 8 results
in loss of 49%; solutions of Vitamin C. can be stabilised by
addition of small amounts of fruit acid, such as tartaric or
citric acid. V'+amin C. is 1-ascorbic acid; dehydro-ascorbic
acid is as potent an anti-ascorbutic as ascorbic acid. The I.U.
is 0.05 mgm. of pure 1-ascorbic acid and 1.0 mgm. of Vitamin
C.—20 I.U., but this standard is not now used.
Dose:—Prophylactic (daily) 500 to 1000 Units, Imperial
2/5 to 4 / 5 Gr. Therapeutic (daily), 2000 to 5000 Unite; Im-
perial, Ig to 4 Gr.
It is a colourless compound, soluble in water and possesses
marked reducing properties. It is easily oxidised and can be
converted back intp ascorbic acid by reducing agents. It
probably plays an important part in transport of hydrogen in
cell metabolism. Deficiency of this substance causes scurvy.
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) odcurs in all growing vegetable
tissues, germinated grains, green leafy vegetables and fresh
fruits (especially in cashew, limes, lemons, oranges and other
citrus fruits, black and red currants, grape fruits, strawber-
ries, apples, cabbage, carrots, tomatoes, yellow • turnips,
potatoes, bell-peppers, spinach, onions, paprita, etc.); contain
large quantities of this-Vitamin and smaller quantities are con-
tained in fresh meat, green vegetables, potatoes and milk.
Unripe seeds, e.g. green peas, contain ascorbic acid, which
disappears when they ripen and dry, but reappear when they
germinate. Lemon, grape-fruit and orange juice contain 300
to 350 I.U. per ounce. Cashew fruit contains nearly 6 to S
times the amount of Vitamin C , as is contained in oranges.
'Paprika', a variety of cayenne pepper also contains 4 times
Vitamin C , as is contained in lemons. A pint of average
commercial milk contains about 5 Mg.; raw fresh milk con^
tains about 14 Mg. of Vitamin C. Fresh orange juice con-
tains 50 Mgs. per 100 Mils (31 ozs.).
"Emblica officinalis: (Indian gooseberries; Amia): is per-
haps the richest natural source of Vitamin C. Its fresh juice
contains nearly 20 times as much Vitamin C. as orange juice,
and a single fruit is equivalent in Vitamin C. content to one
or two oranges. Though heating and drying of fresh fruits
or vegetables usually leads to the destruction of most or all
the Vitamin C. originally present, Amla or Neelikai is an
468 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

exception among fruits, because of its high vital Vitamin C.

content, and because it contains substances, which practically
protect the Vitamin from destruction by heating or drying, as
its juice is strongly acid, and acidity has a protective action
on Vitamin C. Hence it is possible, to preserve Amla without
losing much of the Vitamin. Fresh Avila was found to be
most effective cure for scurvy when an outbreak of the disease
occurred in 1940 in the Hissar Famine Area. Tablets made
from Amla powder contain Vitamin C. in concentrated form,
which is a convenient method of preserving the fruit for
future use".
It is present in many fruits juices and vegetables, but the
amount rapidly decreases on storage, due to the presence of
an oxydose enzyme in the plant juices. Human milk contains
4 to 8 mgm. per 100 cem; cow's milk 1 to 26 mgm. and pas-
teurised milk under 1 mgm. The body can store ascorbic
acid, and depends for its supply on fresh vegetables. This
Vitamin has been definitely proved to be a protective against
scurvy.
"Ascorbic acid participates information and maintenance
of intercellular (cement) substance of all connective tissue
(deutins cartilage, matrix of bone, collagen of fibrous tissue).
It also transports hydrogen in cellular metabolism and is an
active reducing agent. It is readily absorbed and excreted in
the urine. It) is apparently concerned with formation of ad-
renal cortical hormones. No toxicity has occurred in oral
doses of 6 Gm. daily."
Ascorbic acid is very unstable and is destroyed on heat-
ing, cooking or drying. It is however, fairly stable, even on
cooking, in the rind of citrus fruits and in tomato juice. Ordi-
nary cooking destroys most of it in vegetables and the dura-
tion of the heating is more important than the temperature to
which they are raised. Cabbage loses about 80 per cent of its
ascorbic acid content by heating to 100° C. for 20 minutes or
by heating to 60° C. for an hour.
In scurvy osteoblast and odontoblast activity is normal,
and failure of connective tissue cells to form supporting
tissues leads to thinning of bones and teeth. It is said that
within 24 hours of administration of ascorbic acid, improve-
ment begins to take place. It is claimed that utilisation of
ascorbic acid is higher than normal during infective processes
and that it may be of significance in resistance to bacterial
infections. In scurvy with severe anaemia, reticulocyte
crises ensue soon after administration of ascorbic acid, sug-
gesting that it may be an essential factor in haemopoesis.
 APPENDICES 469

Anaemia is frequently associated with scurvy and reacts well

to ascorbic acid as do other forms of nutritional anaemias. It
is also essential for wound repair and is present in young
granulation tissue and adjoining skin.
In mild cases of infantile and adult scurvey, oral dosage
is sufficient, and usually given in the form of lemon, orange,
or tomato juices. But, in severe cases, intravenous or intra-
muscular injections, daily of 50 to 100 Mgs. dissolved in 5 CC
of Normal Saline solution are given; it is always desirable
to neutralise the acid before use, by adding to the solution
half these weights of Sodium Bicarbonate.
There is some evidence that Vitamin C. has an effect on
the production of anti-bodies against bacterial infection. It
also possesses bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties and
inactivates certain toxins such as B. dysenteriae, CI., tetani,
and CI. oedematiens. It is also concerned with complement
activity of serum.
It is suggested that Vitamin C. is a component of re-
versible oxidation-reduction system acting as a hydrogen
transporter of respiratory catalyst. This Vitarriin is especially
abundant in the corpus luteum, the adrenals, the pituitary
gland and other glandular tissue. It is said to stabilise the
hormones and in scurvy symptoms resemble adrenal defici-
ency. It may antagonise thyrotoxin.
Administration by mouth has no effect on the blood
sugar, but intravenous injections lower it in normal persons.
Vitamin C. is essential for synthetic processes within the
cell. It is absorbed by the intestines, and if this is interfered
with, the diseased condition results. This Vitamin is stored
in organs and tissues with high metabolic activity (adrenals
are richest). Its bloo'd range is 0.6 to 2.5 Mgm.
The bulk of Vitamin C. is excreted by the urine, small
quantities in sweat and faeces. When the tissues are saturated
with, large doses, the urinary excretion rises. Daily excretion
of 13 Mgm. is borderline between deficient and adequate in-
take.
The indispensable minimum is 25 to 30 mgm. per day (0.4
to 0.5 Mgm. per kilo); 26 mg. of ascorbic acid or 520 I.U. is
considered a normal maintenance ration and this is supplied
by about 2 ounces of lemon, or grapefruit or orange-juice;
the optimum is 50 to 75 Mgm. daily but even larger quantities-
are needed ^ during pregnancy and in acute infections. It
should therefore, be regularly supplied, otherwise there is defi-
ciency. Boys up to 15 years require 90 Mgm. daily and adults
30—100 Mgm.
470 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Some authors state the daily requirement to be about 75

milligrams (15000 units); at least 15 Mg., and the thera-
peutic dose about 1000 milligrams daily; 50 to 100 in infants.
Pure ascorbic acid is supplied in 25 and 50 Mg. tablets
When treating patients in whom deficiency is suspected, it is
well to give 100 Mg. a day for several days, and 50 Mg.
a day for longer periods. Ampoules are available for injec-
tion, but absorption by mouth is usually satisfactory".
Uses:—In scurvy and diphtheria it is specially useful. It
has also been used in febrile conditions of pneumonia, paroxys-
mal haemoglobinuria, whooping cough and other fevers, tuber-
culosis, rheumatism, typhoid, malaria, dental and oral condi-
tions, dermatitis, arsenical dermatitis, psoriasis, haemorrliagic
diseases (capillary, haemorrhages) pernicious anaemia,' dur-
ing pregnancy and lactation, congestive heart failure, gastro-
duodenal ulcer, and eye conditions, including cataract; peptic
ulcer and ulcerative collitis; extreme debility and to hasten
the healing of operation wounds or wounds of any kind; sul-
phonilamide poisoning.
Most of the dietaries of the tropics are quite well-
supplied with anti-scorbutic substances and therefore, scurvy
is seldom found in India.
The susceptibility to scurvy varies widely for different
kinds of animals. Guinea pigs develop typical scurvy after
3 v/eeks without green food; human beings take a much
longer time to develop the disease. Rats, mice, cattle and
fowl appear quite unsusceptible; apparently they are able to
manufacture the Vitamin (in their liver).
In infancy and pregnancy, ascorbic acid deficiency may
be corrected by giving ascorbic acid tablets. The richest
palatable source is fresh orange juice which contains 10 Mgm.
per 100 cem; tomatoes contain 13 to 39 Mgm. per 100 Cem.;
apples contain little, but cabbages, cauliflower and fresh
potatoes are good sources.
Probably less than 25 Mgm. of ascorbic acid per day is
inadequate even for infants and an intake of at least 50 Mgm.
should be aimed at in adults. In the presence of bacterial
infections 100 to 200 Mgm. and during pregnancy 100 Mgm.
is probably the- minimum. The adrenal cortex liver and
kidneys store reserves of ascorbic acid, excess of which is ex-
creted in the urine at an average rate of 10 to 25 Mg. daily.
The liver of infants at birth is rich in ascorbic acid, which
becomes depleted if the child is breast-fed, more rapidly if
fed on cow's milk, and very rapidly if heated or preserved
 APPENDICES 471

milk is given. All active tissues contain ascorbic acid. Ac-

tively growing tumours are rich in it, and its high utilisation
may possibly be the cause of purpura in these conditions.
Plasma should contain 1 to 2 Mgm. per 100 cam. and in
scurvy, the value falls to 0.7 mgm. or lower. The urine con-
tains at least 25 mgm. in a 24 hour specimen; if less is excret-
ed, its store is badly depleted. Ascorbic acid has been iso-
lated in the pure form from fruit juice, and has also been
synthetically prepared. Most animals can manufacture this
compound, and hence are independent of any supply in the
iornx of food. Guinea-pig, man and monkey cannot manufac-
ture adequate quantities of ascorbic acid, become diseased,
and die unless they obtain a supply in their food.
N. B.:—Apparent Vitamin C. can be distinguished
from true Vitamin C. by its different reaction with for-
maldehyde.
Vitamin D:—This Vitamin prevents and cures Rickets,
Ostomalacia; Caries of the teeth, and other forms of mineral
mal-nutrition;. is known as Dr. McCollum's fat soluble cal-
cifying anti-rachitic 'Sunshine Vitamin'. Vitamin D has two
important actions. It increases the intestinal absorption of
calcium and increases the urinary excretion of phosphorus.
Vitamin D. in the diet of infants, increases the utilisation
of the injected calcium and promotes the development of the
straight bones and sound teeth.— (Dr. T. V. Mvithuswami
Chettiar, L.M.P., in charge of Muthuswami Chettiar's Hospital,
Tirupur P.O. S. I, Ry.) in his article 'Infant Feeding' in Febru-
ary, 1936, of 'Medical Digest', Bombay).
Vitamiin D per se is found only in animals; vlayit sterols
are •tnerely precursors.
"Bourdillon (1930)—first isolated Vitamin D. in crystal-
lin form and called it Calciferol. But as the natural Vitamin
D. is never crystalline, it is difficult to say, this is exactly
Calciferol". Vitamin D. probably acts by regulating the ab-
sorption of Calcium and Phosphate from the intestines; i.e.,
this Vitamin D. is one of the most important factors in the
proper development of the bones and teeth and assimilation
and storing of Calcium and Phosphorus contained in the food.
Attention must be given to Calcium intake also. Cereals
antagonise the action of the Vitamin D., and tend to produce
badly forrried teeth when this Vitamin is deficient. It is found
from experiments that Vitamin D., which is present in milk, is
still increased when the milk is exposed to ultra-violet light,
either from the Sun or some artificial source. On the other
472 THE INDIAN MATERIA MlSDICA

hand, Vitamin A. which is also an ingredient of fresh milk, is

destroyed by the same process. From experiments made, it
was also foimd that one set of chicks fed with milk that had
been exposed to ultra-violet Ught, developed the usual condi-
tion resulting from the absence of Vitamin A., while a second
group fed with untreated milk, developed normally. Vitamin
D. is present in all food-stuffs, which are exposed to Sun's rays
in the process of preparation. Vitamin D. occurs mostly with
Vitamin A. and is found in abundance in Cod Liver Oil,
Halibut Oil and other fish oils (e.g., Salmon, herrings i n
Western countries, hilsa, King-fish, etc., in India). It is also
present in milk, cream, cheese, meat, butter, and yolk of eggs.
In the human and animal body, it is formed by the action of
ultra-violet rays, carbon-arc, or mercury-vapour, quartz lariip,
or direct Sun light on the skin. Similarly, now-a-days Vita-
min D. is produced artificially in the Laboratory by such ir-
radiation or exposure of the isolated ergosterol, which is a
constituent occurring in minute traces in vegetable ^oils, niilk,
yeast, and other foods and oils, which contain ergosterol to a
special wave band of ultra-violet rays or light.
Vitamin D. is stored in the liver skin and brain. More
Vitamin D. is necessary in the absence of ultra-violet light
which irradiates the sterol precursors in the skin.
"Vitamin D. is produced in plants, in food materials and
also in animals, whenever ergosterol is present and is subject-
ed to ultra-violet rays. Ergosterol is a crystalline compound
with a structural formula similar to Cholesterol. When ultra-
violet light acts on Ergosterol, a yellow resin is produced.
This irradiated Ergosterol is a mixture of Vitamin D. and other
non-active products. Continued irradiation destroys the
Vitamin. When the bare skin of the body is exposed to the
Sun's rays (Sun bath) and ultra-violet spectral rays from a
Quartz Mercury Vapour Generator, Vitamin D. is synthe-
sized from Ergosterol in the superficial layers of the skin, i.e.,
absorbed by the skin and subsequently absorbed by the blood,
in the circulation. Also food exposed to such rays absorb
and retain Vitamin D. In high latitudes, in winter, this Vita-
min has to be obtained from the food. Hence, we can realise
the scientific value of exposing infants to the rays of the Sun,
after anointing their skin with mustard or cocoanut oil. When
oil is exposed to Sun light, Vitamin D. is also formed and is
absorbed in the body. Hence Rickets is particularly apt to
occur in infants kept in dark houses, while osteomalacia in
India is often found among women who keep pardah". Vita-
min D. is not destroyed by any of the processes of cooking
and preservation. But, as Vitamin D. is only obtainable
 APPENDICES 473

naturally from animal fats, vegetarians should take plenty of

milk, ghee and sun-dried food-stuffs, and expose their bare
bodies to health-giving rays of the sun. Infants, young child-
ren, pregnant and lactating mothers should be given some
additional Vitamin D. in the form of irradiated Ergostrol, if
there is reason to suspect shortage of Vitamin D. in their diet.
The animal sterol (cholesterol) and the vegetable sterol
Cphytesterol). subjected to ultra-violet radiation produced
Vitamin D. It has now been found that this property is not
of cholesterol itself, -but of an impurity in it called "Ergos-
terol". Ergosterol was so named as it was originally isolated
from Ergot.
A similar sterol or one closely aUied to it has been ob-
tained from a wide range of lower plants, especially from
yeast. In fact, the Vitamin D. contents of a large number of
food-stuffs and oils may be considerably augmented by ultra-
violet irradiation. In other words, it was shown that the
active principle or the pro-Vitamin D. was indeed a sterol of
an unsaturated and labile type, of which ergosterol is the only
known representative. The sterol found in Ergot was one of
the most efficient substances and irradiated Ergot sterol or
Ergosterol was found to have 200,000 to 700,000 times the
Vitamin D. activity of Cod Liver Oil. From Ergosterol
minute quantities of the active substance in white needle-hke
crystals called "Calciferol" or Vitamin D. has been separated.
The crystals are insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and in
50 to 100 parts of vegetable oils. "Calciferol" has become a
cheap commercial product, and is being largely .used medi-
cinally as the curative factor, Vitamin D. is obtained in this
in a concentrated and standardised form. Over-dose has to he
avoided. Calciferol raises the calcium phosphorus content of
blood. The advantages of Calciferol is that in a small bulk
in a readily assimilable form, a bigger dose {hut never an
over-dose) of the Vitamin may be administered, which is not
possible either with the usual food-stuff or Cod Liver Oil.
Calciferol can be given intra-muscularly also. Calciferol is
stable at room temperature, but loses its antirachitic properties
at 18°C.; it completely dissolves in oil at 80°C. Biological
essay is the only method of its estimation. "Calciferol" occurs
in all tissues, especially in the nervous system, skin and
adrenals. It was originally produced from Ergot, and therefore
called "Ergosterol", but is now prepared almost exclusively
from yeast".
Standard of Vitamin D:—The International Unit of
Vitamin D. is the activity of .025 mg. Calciferol,
i.e., 1 milligram of Calciferol contains 40,000 imits of
 474 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Vitamin D. In other words, Vitamin D. Unit adopt-

ed by the International Conference is the biological
activity of a milligram of the international solution of
irradiated Ergosterol, which has beep, found to be equivalent
to that of .025 microgram of crystalline Vitamin D. The
minimum daily need is about 100 units a day and the optimum
supply is probably about 1000 units a day or 0.025 Mgm.
"There is unfortunately no sure chemical method of
estimation of Vitamin D.; it has been essayed biologically.
There are two or three methods of carrying out the biological
assay". (Dr. U. S- Kini, B.Sc. (lions.), Oil Chemist,
Government Oil Factory, Kozhikode, in "Souvenir of the 5th
South Indian Medical Conference, Mangalore, held fi'om 13th
to 15th October, 1950, page 34).
Natural Vitamin D.:—We are now able to trace the vital
%' processes whereby Vitamin D. is produced in milk and nature,
and to follow its transition through many channels to the foods
in which it ultimately finds a home for the nutrition of the
human race:—The ultra-violet spectral rays of sunshine are
chiefly responsible for the origin of Vitamin D. "The radiant
energy of these rays actuates the fat particles of plant-tissues
and from the sterol radicles produces Vitamin D. This
elaboration takes place during the sunlight hours in grass
and in the southern seas, a similar action occurs in the teeming
millions of minute plant organisms, which inhabit the Upper
Sunlit zone. In the former case, part of the Vitamin D. in
the grass is stored, after consumption, in the fatty tissues
of the animal to form the Vitamin content of butcher's meat,
or in milch cows to appear in the fat of the milk. In the
latter case, the Vitamin D. content of the marine plant
organism, is the source of the Vitamin fat of fish and fish liver
oil. This natural Vitamin D. initials the normal fixation of
Calcimn and Phosphorus salts in the skeletal and dental
systems, and its presence in optimum proportions in the diet
is necessary for the prevention of rickets.— (Dr. John Camp-
bell, Ph. D. Scientific Adviser to the- New Health Society,
London, in "Natural Vitamin D. in Infant Feeding", in
"Medical Digest" February, 1936,—Pediatrics Number.)
Shortage of Vitamin D. causes:—Anaemia, nervousness,
irritability or fretfulness, loss of power to retain calcium,
sweating (malaise accompanied by hypocalcaemia); rickets;
osteomalacia; osteoporosis; delayed dentition and dental
carries; irregular and abnormal tooth and bone development;
larjmgismus; stribulus; insufficient sleep; belated standing and
walking habits; constipation and bulging of belly in front;,
 APPENDICES 475

krxock-knee or bow-legs; flat foot; curvature of the spine;

convulsions; enlarged tonsils; adenoids, etc., in infants and
children. With adults the symptoms of these are of acid
auto-intoxication frequently terminating in rheumatism;
osteomalacia usually occurring in women and complicated by
tetany and chronic diarrhoea; neuritis; diabetes; bronchitis
and Bright's disease; hypocalcaemia of parathyroid tetany.

Newer scientific knowledge of Vitamin D.:—"There are

probably several varieties (about 10 pro-Vitamins) of this
Vitamin, but all have the same effect and a similar composi-
tion; the original Vitamin D. is a mixture of Dj., Do., and
Dg., "Vitamin D. from plant sources differs chemically and to
a certain extent physiologically froyn the Vitamin D., occurring
in animal fats. Plant Vitamin D. is now termed D2., and
animal Vitamin D. is termed D.). Vitamin Do. or Calciferol,
is manufactured artificially by 'activating' ergosterol or from
irradiated ergosterol and does not occur naturally. Vitamin
D.,. or lumisterol, from sterol-7-dehydrocholesterol or irradiat-
ed 7-dehydro cholesterol; two very interesting points about
Vitamin D^., are that it is the form in which the Vitamin is
found in Nature; is formed in the skin by the action of the
Sun; and its present substance 7-dehydrocholesterol has now
been synthesized. Ergosterol is best irradiated in solution,
b u t if alcohol is used, there is liability of its being over-
irrailiated forming toxisterol. The only foods containing pre-
formed Vitamin D. are animal in origin; whole milk, eggs,
fish liver oils, (tunny etc.), animal fats, butter, eggs, milk
and liyer fats.
Daily requirements:—Probably between 500 and 2000 units
"but varies with the amount of exposure to sunlight. 1 milli-
gram of Calciferol contains 40,000 units. Dose of Calciferol
for an infant is 1/2400 to 1/1200 gr. daily. The maintenance
dose for an infant is about 700 units; for^curing rickets, a
bigger dose is necessary, but not exceeding 500 units. Doses
of Vitamin D. over 10,000—20,000 I.U./Kg." of body wt.
per day may lead to metastatic calcification with nephrocal-
cinosis. Because, administered in big doses or if continuued
fairly long even in a moderate dose, it causes overcaicifica-
tion in various organs of the body (especially the kidneys)
and at the growing ends of bones; an excessive dose may
so raise the blood level that some calcium may be deposited
in the kidneys as calcium-phosphate stone. In children the
first symptom of overdose is loss of appetite, followed by
diarrhoea, which indicates that the dose should be reduced.
But, such an event is not likely with ingestion of Vitamin
 476 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

D.—containing food ,but may result from concentrated

medicinal products.
One egg is supposed to provide the whole of the daily
requirements of Vitamin D.; but all kinds of eggs are not
equally rich in Vitamin D.
Further, symptom^s of over-dosage or huge doses cause
a mai-ked increase in the calcium content of serum and
deposition of calcium in the blood vessels (aorta, coronaries)
kidneys and lungs; produces profuse sweating, polyuria, loss
of weight, vomitting, headache and extreme lassitude. On the
other hand,, there is a possibility that the adverse symptoms
were due to toxisterol, a substance which appears in calciferol,
if the ergosterol is over-irradiated. Calculi may form in the
bladder, atrophy of the spleen and thymus may also occur.
There is no reason to fear such effects from ordinary doses.
Mild symptoms of intoxication due to excess of irradiated
\ ergosterol have been reported in children; the first effect
produced is loss of appetite.
Cereals, if they form a high proportion of the diet, have
a deleterious influence on the calcification of teeth, but Vitamin
D, counteracts this defect. Recent work has shov^m that 1 large
dose (250,000 units) will cure rickets, and 150,000 Units given
daily for two months will cure lupus vulgaris; further-ex-
periments are awaited, but the expected adverse effects have
not occurred, and perhaps there is a hope that this massive
dosage may cure other forms of tuberculosis.
Vitamin D. is useful in all diseases listed under the
paragraph "Shortage of Vitamiin D. Causes", and improves
infantile tetany, hay fever, arthritis and psoriasis; heals
fractures. "As Vitamin D. is essential for the formation of
strong bones and teeth in the growing child, and as its dis-
tribution in food is very limited and uncertain, it is advisable,
in many cases of pregnancy, to give daily two teaspoonfuls of
Cod Liver Oil or its equivalent in. Halibut or Shark Oil,"—
('For Ante-Natal Care' by a Lady Doctor in "Kanara
Saraswath", Diwali Number, Octr.-Nov. 1942, joint issvie,
pages 260-263).
Often the cheapest and easiest way of supplying Vitamin
D. is by the exposure of the body to Sunlight. A good supply
of Vitamin D. during pregnancy benefits the mother and
helps to ensure the satisfactory future development of the
child. The growing child, the pregnant woman and the nursing
mother require an adequate supply of Vitamin D. If this
is deficient, the bones of the child are badly formed, resulting
in rickets and dental carries, and in a pregnant woman osteo-
 APPENDICES 477

malacia and its consequences, viz., defoiinity of the limbs,

the spine, the chest and the pelvis. Administration of Vitamin
D. has both preventive and curative effects.
"Mustard oil, gingelly oil, linseed oil and olive oil do
not originally contain Vitamin D.; but, if these oils are
exposed in shalow vessels to Sunshine, Vitamin D. is produced
in the oils. All foodstuffs, which during their preparation
are dried in direct Sun's rays also contain Vitamin D. If
oxygen is passed through heated Cod Liver Oil, the Vitamin
A. content of it is destroyed and loses the growth-promoting
property, but continues to be antirachitic. This antirachitic
Fubstaiice of Cod Liver Oil was designated Vitamin D. It
was subsequently found that other vegetable oils when sub-
jected to irradiation, develop antirachitic properties. These
oily substances contained 'sterol' bodies in minute quantities.
The sterol of vegetable fats is known as phytosterpl and that
of animal fats is cholesterol. It is these sterol bodies that on
irradiation, or on exposure to ultra-violet rays develop
Vitamin D. The unit of Vitamin D. is 1 milligram of Olive Oil
containing 0.025 micrograms of calciferol. The Vitamin D.
contents of 100 grams of substances are:—Cod Liver Oil, 12700;
Halibut Liver Oil 257,000; butter 100 to 200; Milk 10 to 100;
Egg-yolk 150 to 400 units. An adult's daily requirements
is from 150 to 400 units. A teaspoonful of Cod Liver Oil
gives 300 units. The. daily requirement of the growing child
and of the pregnant or lactating woman is believed to be
500 I . Units (=12.5 microgram of calciferol)".
Some 10 antirachitic Substances have been obtained
by ultra-violet irradiation of sterol precursors, but only two
have been isolated from natural sources. Of these, Calciferol
(D2.) is usually prepared artificially from ergosterol; the
other Dg., appears to be the commonest natural Vitamin. They
are white crystalline substances.
Vitamin E,:—Another Vitamin which is responsible for
animal and human fecundity, i.e., a nourisher of the repro-
ductive system, has been christened, anti-sterility or anti-
destrophic, oil-soluble and fat-soluble E. (alpha-beta or
Gamma Tocopherol) by its discoverers, Profs. Herbert Evans
and George Burr. When other Vitamins are vitally important
for the growth and welfare of animal organism. Vitamin E.
is solely responsible for the very existence of the organism
itself. The animal—male or female, from whose dietary it is
lacking or altogether absent, appears to be absolutely sterile,
or unable to reproduce, causing premature death of the foetus
in the mother's womb and being resorbed. In the males of
 478 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

the same species, complete deprivation of the Vitamin E.

ultimately produces degenerative changes and permanent
sterility or the offspring is weak, when there is a lack of this
Vitamin, there is failure on the part of the body to utilise
iron, and anaemia results. Good results have been claimed
from the therapeutic use of this Vitamin (Tocopherol), in
cases of habitual abortion. Three closely related tocopherols
are known; the most active of these, is a-tocopherol).
Source and Character:—Vitamin E. can be extracted by
fat-solvents, like light petroleum, ether, absolute alcohol,
benzine etc. It withstands heat to a remarkable extent and
in that respect resembles Vitamin A. But under certain
conditions it is susceptible to oxidation. It is found in
abundance in the organs of certain plants, embryos of seeds,
rice-germs, and green leaves of vegetables, chiefly lettuce,
seeds, cotton-seeds and cotton-seed oils, cereals, maize peas,
oats, corns, wheat-germs (germinated wheat), and wheat-
germ oil. It has been isolated in a crystalline form under the
name of Tocopherol, having the formula of Coo Hoo O2: It
is a complex alcohol having a benzine ring. (Dr. H. V.
Savanur's "A Handbook of Ayurvedic Materia Medica, etc.,
Vol. I.). Vitamin E. is relatively non-toxic.
If offsprings are to be b o m to perpetuate the race, the
aid of this Vitamin must be invoked. An animal rendered
sterile for an indefinite period by a special diet free from
Vitamin E. may have fertility restored, when fed with this
Vitamin either in regular food-stuffs that contain it or as an
extract. Fortunately, for the perpetuation of human-beings,
the anti-sterility Vitamin is widely distributed among animals
and vegetable food-stuffs, and it is seldom that there is shortage
of this Vitamin in the diet. It is of interest to note, however,
that its distribution is quite different from that of the "Growth
Vitamin", known as Fat-soluble A. Milk-fat, e.g. though rich
in Vitamin A., is poor in Vitamin E. Though Cod Liver Oil
is high in Vitamins A. and D., Vitamin E. is notably lacking
or is NOT present in Cod Liver Oil. Throughout the life of
animals, 9% by weight of the ration may be constituted by
Cod Liver Oil, a single drop of which daily, is adequate for
A. requirements, and yet sterility results.
Chemistry of Vitamin E.:—"In animal tissues in general
(but not in Cod Liver Oil), the Vitamin is present, b u t never
highly concentrated. When the non-seponifiable fraction of
wheat-germ oil is removed, there remains a fraction having
the characteristic physiological action of Vitamin E. From
this fraction, a-tocopherol, a compovmd having marked
 ^ - APPENDICES 479

Vitamin E. activity, has been isolated. Beta-tocopherol sind

Gamma-tocopherol have also biological activity of Vitamin E.,
but in lesser degree."
Heat or drying or any processes of cooking, of the leaves,
does not impair the activity of this Vitamin. Moreover "In
the cases of both wheat-germ and lettuce leaf, (which are very
rich sources), ether extraction of the desiccated substances
remove E. quantitatively and secures for us oils which are
efficacious in daily single drop (25 Mg.) administration. E.
is probably present in most commercial oils, so that when the
latter constitute a high proportion of the diet, fertility results.
Such results have been secured with Wesson Oil, Coconut Oil
and Olive Oil." Oils in their natural state have a less con-
centrated E. content than wheat-germ, but alcoholic extracts
of a hydrogenated product of cotton-seed oil may be fairly
rich in the Vitamin. Exceedingly concentrated extracts may
be raade from wheat-germs, a single dose of 5 milligrams—
1/5 (one-fifth) of a drop either with the food or administered
hypK)dermically sufficing to restore fertility."—(Popular
Science Siftings). Vitamin E., is now available either in the
form of concentrates from wheat-germ oil, or as a synthetic
product. Vitainin E. has been synthesized and is known as
a-tocopherol. "It is still doubted whether Vitamin E. has real
influence over the reproductive capacity of human-beings,
particularly males."

Daily requirements:—A suitable daily human dose is an

am.o\m.t equivalent in biological activity to 13 Mgm. of toco-
pherol is Acetas ( B . P . C . ) but sufficient is supplied in a
normal diet under ordinary circumstances.
Therapeutic dose to be added to the normal diet:—In
normal pregnancy, 3. milligrams daily. When there is history
of abortion, 12 to 24 milligrams daily.
Shortage of Vitamin E. Causes:—Abortion, steriliy,
Toxaemia of pregnancy.
Administration is said to "have benefited cases of dysme-
norrhoea; premature labour; certain cases of toxaemia of
pregnancy; sterility in either sex; deficient lactation; muscular
dystrophy if given for long periods, but many of these cases
haye spontaneous remissions"; neuro-muscular diseases;
amystrophic lateral sclerosis; bulbar paralysis and tabes
dorealis. Wheat-germ oil, which is rich in Vitamin E. has
been found to cure some cases of habitual miscarriage in
women.
480 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Vitamin F. aids growth and is found in liver and lettuce;

It is the same as Vitamin Bi., and is comprised of highly
unsaturated fatty acids (combination of linolic or arachibonic,
linoleic, and linolenic), which are essential for the growth of
yeast cells, and is required in small amounts, possibly to aid
in the absorption of ordinary fatty acids. "It is not clear
whether it is a pure compound or a mixture of compounds
including thiamin, biotin, etc., which also have this property.
Linoleic and linolenic acids are present in large quantities
in vegetable and seed fats though not in margarine, but the
presence of arachidonic acid is doubtful. This Vitamin is
said to be included in the preparations of face creams, etc."
"Deficiencies of Vitamin F. produce 'fat-deficiency disease' due
to deficiency of the essential unsaturated fatty acids charac-
terised by retarded and ultimately arrested growth accom-
panied by a raised metabolic- rate, altered fat and water
metabolism, changes in the skin and hair, renal degeneration
and impairment of the sexual functions."—(A Treatise on
Tropical Therapeutics,—1950).
Vitamin G.:—also called Bg) was also applied to niacin
amide, but now it is synonymous with Riboflavin, contained
in fresh milk, liver, meat, green vegetables, bananas and
yeast; prevents skin disease called pellagra.
Vitamin H.:—or co-enzyme R., is biotin, bios II B., is
water-soluble; is shown to be a cyclic urea compound con-
taining sulphur with carboxyl group. It occurs in high
concentration in tumours.
Biotin is found in food-stuffs containing other members
of the Vitamin B. Complex, particularly yeast, Hver, kidney,
light chicken-meat, eggs, and peas, cocoa and cereals. _
"Biotin is necessary for the growth of many bacterias
and moulds e.g., staphylococcus, strains of Clostridium, yeast
and fungi. It is also a growth hormone for higher plants and
a growth factor for the rat and most animals. If rats are
given purified diets containing sulphaquinidine or succinyl
sulphateniazol, which are bacteriostatic, signs and symptonis
of biotin deficiency are produced, the effect being presumably
due to interference with the bacterial synthesis of biotin in
the intestines."
"Deficiency of Biotin in man is characterised by exfolia-
tive dermatitis, greyish pallor of the skin, atrophy of the
lingual papillae, disturbed erythropoiesis and spasticity.
Essential for normal grovsrth of yeast, and protecting rats or
chicks against a nutritional injury caused by eating excess
of raw egg-white.
 APPENDICES 481
r

Vitamin K. or Phylloquinone or coa^lation Vitamin K.—

(Because it enables the blood to clot): —^This is a fat-soluble
yellow oil first found in the liver-oil,—a thermostable sub-
stance abundant in animal liver-fat, putrefying extracts of
fish-meal, egg-yolk, vegetable fat, rice-bran or dasein;
tomatoes, and green leaves and leaf vegetables, especially
spinach, cauliflower, cabbage, lettuce, orange peel, straw-
berry, soya-beans, alfalfa-grass and germinating (sprouting)
oats, probably formed also in intestinal canal of man by natural
bacterial flora. "Naturally occurring Vitamin K. is non-toxic,
b u t menadione in doses of 180 mg. is reported to cause vomiting
porphyrinuria and transient albuminuria." "Normally,
Vitamin K. is present in the ordinary articles of diet in
sufficient quantities to ensure that every adult carries a normal
amount. But in the new born baby it may be absent or
deficient and this would be dangerous to life. To overcome
this potential cause of infant mortality, two. therapeutic
equivalents of Vitamin K. have been discovered. One is ethyl-
phytylnapthaquinone and other nepthaquinone derivatives,
which can be synthesized to replace it.' But, chief medicinal
supply is synthetic. K. takes its name from coagulation of
blood. It is probably an essential group in the prothrombin
molecule for the formation of prothrombin, by the liver.
Bacterial s3Tithesis of Vitamin K. occurs in the intestine.
"Goodnian and Oilman have described the blood-clotting
phenomenon as the summation of interaction between proth-
rombin. Thromboplastin and Calcium producing Thrombin; this
together with fibrinogen produces fibrin. Deficiency in one or
more of these factors produces an abnormality in blood-clotting.
It is noteworthy that human blood may be severely deficient
in prothrombin and still exhibit a normal or only slightly
subnormal clotting time. Severe deficiencies of prothrombin,
of course, produce great prolongation of the clotting time. It
has been found that the haemorrhagic diathesis in jaundice
is almost always associated with lowered blood prothrombin."
— ("Pharmacology and Therapeutics" by Dr. M. A. Kamath).
This Vitamin is associated with the normal functioning of
liver and also with normal clotting of blood, and is essential
for the normal synthesis of prothrombin in the body. Vitamin
K. raises the prothrombin content to normal within 24 to 48
hours. If given orally, in cases of jaundice, 5 grains of hile-
.•iolts should also be given; otherwise this fat-soluble factor
is not absorbed. To secure prompt action, it should be given
by intramuscular injection in doses of 5 to 10 Mg., in 0.5%
solution of arachis oil. It has also been foimd useful for
minimising post-operative bleeding in cases of jaundice, and
31 .
 482 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

for preventing and treating haemorrhagic diseases of the

new-bom.
Acito-menaphthonum is a preparation, which is given.
orally in tablets to expectant mothers during a week be;forfe
labour. This dose is 1/6 to 1 grain.
Vitamin K.:—is not stored in any appreciable quantities
in the body. What Uttle is stored is held in the liver. Injury
to liver may cause deficiency of .Vitamin K. and reduce the
clotting quality of blood. In haemophilia, prothrombin
content is normal although the clotting time is greatly
prolonged, and Vitamin K. is of no value in haemophilia,
purpura, and intrinsic diseases of the blood-forming organs
or as a non-specific haemostatic. Obstructive jaundice lowers^
the prothrombin of blood and patients undergoing surgical
operation may die of haemorrhage. In such cases, the use
: of Vitamin K. does good. Infants disposed to haemorrhage
show improved quality of blood on treatment with Vitamin
K. Two active substances have been isolated.
Vitamin Ki.:—generally used under the name Menaph-
thonum (Kapilon), (alpha-phylloquinone) is 3-phyty 1-2
methyl-1.4-naphthoquinone, found most abundantly in the
green leaves of plants and alfalfa grass, is a light yellow oil
which crystallises on cooling in acetone or alcohol solution. It
is probably the most active, though there are several varieties,
all with similar action. But, methyl-naphthoquinone a
synthetic equivalent with a slightly different formula, is easier
to make, so is the one chiefly used. "It has been synthesised
also as a derivative of nephthaquinone". Vitamin K. is not
absorbed from the intestines, in the absence of bile-acids.
Therefore, when given orally, it is desirable to give hile-salts
along with this Vitamin. Curiously enough a similar,and
almost equally effective variety occurs in the bodies of
tubercle bacilli; it has also been synthesized as men- '
aphthonum.
Menaphthonum is insoluble in water, b u t slightly soluble
in alcohol. It is destroyed by exposure to light. It is given
in doses of 1/12 to 1/6 grain (5 to 10 Mg.) The synthetic
product 2-Methyl-l : 4-naphthoquinone is generally used in
practice and is given intra muscularly.
Daily dietary requirements:—Unknown.
TherapeuticDose:—Adults 100 to 200 milligrams daily;
babies 5 to 10 mg.
Vitamin K,.:—is a 3-difarnesyl-2-methyl-1.4 nephthaqui-
none, formed by putrefactive bacteria in putrefied fish-meal a
 APPENDICES 483

light yellow crystalline solid. Active analogues — all deriva-

tives of 2-methy-1.4-nephthoquuione, — (some water-soluble)
have been synthesized and used therapeutically in various
conditions involving delayed blood clotting.
Menaphthone B. P. (Menadione, Vitamin K. analogue)-^
it is methyl-nephthaquinone derivative. It is a yellow powder
and is sold under the proprietary name of kapilon and
prokyavit in ampoules containing 5 mgm. dissolved in 1 cem.
of oil. It should be given intramuscularly to ensure absorption;
oral administration is unreliable, hut if given orally, it should
be coTrnbined with 2 to 3 gvi. of bile salt. The absorption of
5 mgm. produces a prolongation of clotting time.
It is useful in haemorrhagic states of the new-born. In
surgical operations and cases of the obstructional jaundice of
long duration, where there is tendency to bleeding, one in-
jection before operation may raise the clotting time to normal.
In haemophilia, it is of no value but the administration of
oestrogen, natural or synthetic, may .check the bleeding.
Haemorrhagic disease of infants may be prevented by giving
Vitamin K. to mother just before delivery in doses of 1 mgm.
daily.
Deiicieacy of Vitamin K. causes:^r-Delay in the clotting
time of blood and subcutaneous and intramuscular hae-
morrhage. Synthesis of prothrombin not properly carried
out by Hver, so there is a tendency to .haemorrhage in the
new-born and in cases of jaundice.
"Vitamin K. deficiency, which is detected by a lowering
of the blood prothrombin level (hypoprothrombinaemia) may
occur in any of the following circumstances: — (1) Inadequate
supply of^^Vitamin K.: — (a) Nutritional deficiencies of Vitamin
K.; (b) Conditioned deficiency of Vitamin K. as produced by
sulphaguanidine, succinyl sulphathiazole, etc.; (c) Idiopathic
hypoprothrombinaemia; (2) Inadequate intestinal absorption
due' to lack of bile in the intestine as in jaundice and intes-
tinal obstruction, pancreatic insufficiency, etc.; (3) Injury to
the lung; (4) Infection partictdarhj of the respiratory tract;
(5) Haemorrhage.
Indications for the therapeutic use of Vitamin K. are: —
(a) Neonatal haemorrhage in which Vitamin K. substances
are administered to the mother prior to delivery. The adminis-
tration of'compounds possessing Vitamin K. activity will
exert no effect on haemorrhage occurring at the time of
delivery, but they appear definitely to decrease the amount
of haemorrhage that may occur secondarily following delivery.
 484 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

In other words administration of Vitamin K. daily to mothers

for a week, before labour increases the prothrombin content
in the blood of the new-born infants, which may also receive
2 mg. soon after birth as a prophylactic against haemorrhagic
disease of the new-born, (b) Obstructive jaundice.—the
bleedijjg tendency that develops in this condition, usually prior
to surgery of biliary structures is an indication for Vitamin
K. therapy; i.e., haemorrhage associated with obstructive
jaundice; (c) Haemorrhagic states associated with ulcerative
colitis, sprue and coeliac disease are affected specifically by
Vitamin K.; (d) Cirrhosis of the liver, hepatic atrophy, and
ascites, are nonsurgical forms of hepatic diseases, which are
accompanied by hypoprothrombinaemia; (e) Pulmonary
tuberculosis—as an aid in preventing haemorrhage."—(A
Treatise on Tropical Therapeutics).
Vitamin L>i. and L-j.:—Factors L], and !-». claimed to be
essential for the lactation in young rats, are stated to be
present in beef-liver extract and yeast respectively. It has
been suggested that these factors may be identical with the
liver filtrate factor of Morgan and Simms or some other factor
present in the "filtrate factor". The existence of these factors
has not been confirmed.
Vitamin M. (Folic Acid):—^This Vitamin is identical with
Folic Acid, and is present in yeast and crude liver extract.
Deficiency of this causes a pellagrous syndrome of anaemia,
leuco-cytopoenia, diarrhoea and mouth lesions in^ monkeys,
on account of-lowered resistance of intestinal mucous to •
infection by B. dysenteriae.
N.B.: ("Vitamin M. is different from the well-known
members of the Vitamin B. (complex) such as
pantothenic acid, choline, para-amino benzoic acid,
pyridoxine and inositol)". "These, monkeys also
responded to highly-purified lacto-bacillus casei
factor."
"Factor U.":—A water-soluble growth factor of chicks;
it occurs in yeast, wheat-bran, and corn. This may bte identical
with Vitamin Be.
Rice Polish Factor:—^A factor, recently discovered, is
essential for the growth and maintenance of animals receiving
all other known Vitamins, or factors. It is present in rice-
polishing and has been suggested to be complimentary to
Vitamin Bg, in preventing rat dermatitis. This really may be
a complex, as it can be replaced by a mixture of glycine and
glycuronic acid or certain pentoses-.
Vitamiin P. (Rutin, Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone) or
 APPENDICES 485

citrill occurring naturally in lemon juice, is water-soluble;

always found in association with and -closely related to
Vitamin C ; possibly related to the (yellow) flavanone,
hesperidin, chalcone, an unstable body, which can be stabilised,
and made water-soluble by methylation; and believed to be
concerned in controlling the number > of haemorrhages,
occun-ing in the course of certain conditions by the resistance
of the capillary walls to the application of pressure. Citrin
was later found to consist of mixed ci-ystals of two different
flavone glucosides: one hesperidin (m.p. 261°) forming the
major part, and the other an eriodictol or eriodictyol glucoside
to which the activity of citrin was attributed. Recently
R. H . Higby investigated crude preparations of the flavanone
constituents of citrus peel, including orange hesperidin, lemon
citrin and lemon eriodictin, all of which were found to
contain, in varying proportions, both the blood pressure
leducing factor and the capillary permeability factor. Hes-
peridin has been administered to patients whose capillary
tonus was decreased in vascular haemorrhagic diseases as a
result of trauma, pressure, avitaminosis, bacterial invasion,
chemical injury or lymphatic infiltration. A large measure of
success was attained where the purpura was allergic, infective,
or nutritional, but not where it was mechanical. (I. N. Kugel-
mass, J . Amer., Med. Ass. i/1940. 519). '
Experiments suggest that it prevents or controls capillary
fragility and controls or maintains normal permeability; so
is active against scurvy and purpura; a further property of
great importance, if it is confirmed, is that it appears to reducfc
blood pressure. A deficiency of Vitamin P. may exist in
man even when he has been taking large doses of ascorbic
acid for long periods. Its clinical manifestations include pains
in the legs on exertion and pains across the shoulders,
weakness, lassitude and easy fatigue, with a reduced capillary
resistance, characterised by. the development of spontaneous
petechial haemorrhages in areas of skin subject to pressure.
It responds to treatment with Vitamin P. Purpura haemorr-
hagia after arsenic therapy was successfully treated with
Vitamin P. The erythema and dermatitis occurring as toxic
manifestations of anti-syphilitic therapy are shown to be
associated with a low capillary resistance and clinical
improvement follows the use of Vitamin P.
Vitamin P., hke Vitamin C , appears to be readily des-
troyed by oxidising agents and is unstable in alkaline solution.
Vitamin P. is present in paprika (a variety of Capsicum
annuum grown all over Europe), chillies, pimentos, oranges.
486 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

lemon peel and juice (citrus fruits), black currants, tomatoes,

gi-een vegetables, iia extracts of Hungarian red-pepper,
grapes, plums, prunes, and a purry made of rose-Mps:
'Paprika' contains about 4 or 5 times as much Vitamin C.
as lemon.
A water-soluble concentrate prepared from black-currants
was 100 times as active as re-crystallised Hesperidin.
Exact requirements and therapeutic dosage are said to be
unknoivn so jar. Yet, "Hesperidin in daily doses of 1/4 to 1
gram orally, or 10 to 15 mg. intramuscularly is at present on
trial in the treatment of purpuras, particularly those of
anaphylactoid, dietatic and arsenical types." "Recently
considerable question has been raised as to whether or not
Vitamin P. has any physiological or pharmacological effect in
humans. Considerable data suggests it has none."

For BOOKS AND PERIODICALS CONSULTED FOR

Appen- APPENDICES IV & V.
dices.

IV 1. Home & Village Doctor (1945) by Satish

Chandra Das Gupta.
V 2. Extra Pharmacopoeia (1943) Vol. II by
Martindale.
IV 3. Nutritive Value of Indian Foods & the Plan-
ning of Satisfactorv Diets. (Health Bulletin
No. 23 (1937) by W. R. AyKroyd., of Gov-
ernment of India).
IV & V 4. O'Meara's Medical Guide and Book of Pres-
criptions (1924).
4(a) O'Meara's Medical Guide and Book of
Prescriptions for India & the Tropics (1947).
IV 5. Pocket Book of Vegetable Gardening, (1942)
. by C. H. Nissley.
IV 6. Famous Book of Herbs by Heath & Heather,
Ltd., London.
IV' 7. Pharmaceutical Pocket Book (1944).
IV 8. New Pocket Quiz Book, (1945) by Slifer &
Crittenden.
IV &V 9. "Hind Fisherman", October 1951, Page 12.
IV 10. Librar-y of Health, Vol. V—Science in the
Kitchen, by Mrs. E. E. Kellogg. '
 APPENDICES 487

IV 11. Better Homes, (1947) by M. A. Needham &

- A. G. Strong.
IV 12. Teddington" Chemical Factory Ltd., Bombay,
—Diary for 1951.
IV 13. Kaufmami on Disease (booklet) pub.—A. P.
Ordway & Co., Manufacturing Chemists, New-
York, N . Y .
IV 14. Home Science (1930) by Wyskoff & Marshall.
V 15. Three Ways to Health (1941) by H. C.
Menkel.
V 16. 'Chambers' Technical Dictionary (1949).
IV & V 17. "Health & Happmess" monthly of Calcutta: —
February 1933, page 26(V); May 1933 page
117 (V); June 1933, page 140 (IV); Oct. 1933
page 218 (V); April 1934, page 89 (V); October
1934, page 238 (IV); December 1934, pages
282 to 287 (V); November 1935, pages 268 to
269 (V); December 1938, pages 298 to 299
(IV & V ) ; January 1939, oage 21 (IV & V) ;
July 1939, page 154 (IV).
V 18. Hand Book of Medical Management, (1951)
by M. Chatton & others. . '

APPENDIX VI.

Principal Forms of Ayurvedic Medication and Methods of

their Prepai*ation and uses in byief:—_
"Ayurvedic Vegetable Materia Medica includes not only
crude drugs proper, but also a large number of preparations
made from them:—e.g., as given in this Appendix."
"As different parts of plants contain different properties,
only those parts which contain efficient properties are used in
the below-mentioned forms of preparation. Whole plants are
used in the case of herbs which are very small and possess
one uniform Rasa ( <B ) in all their parts. Each variety
of preparation has its own value in therapeutics. The
Chumas are rather bulky preparations and on account of
their complex nature take more time to act. It is, therefore,
desirable that only those drugs whose piinciples are easily
soluble or separable should be chosen in the preparation of
Chumas. Sugar, common salt, rock salt, etc., are generally
mixed with these powders in order to make them more active
and palatable. Water, milk, honey and ghee are some of the
488 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

common vehicles. In some cases, the juices of fruits like the

lemon or pomegranate are used, as the organic acids, which
they contain, facilitate the action of the Churnas. Before
using the powders of the whole drugs, it is therefore necessary
to ascertain which drugs are water-soluble and which are not.
In modem Pharmacopoeia, alcohol, ether and the hke are
used as solvents to help the easy solution of the constituents,
which are insoluble in water. (Tinctures are instances of
such processes). This is because modem Pharmacologists
are in favour of availing themselves of the important consti-
tuents only and not all the parts of the drugs. Ayurvedists,
on the other hand, have attached more importance to the
cMnical findings and have based the pharmacological value
of the whole drugs on the results of experience. In the place
of tinctures, they have used decoctions and infusions. They
have again used extracts occasionally, evidently for the
purpose of portabihty and adaptability and also for the facilitj'
of concentration, which they afford. Similarly methods of
maceration, percolation and precipitation have been used to
separate the soluble from the in.soluble constituents of the
drugs. Satvas ( ^c^ ) are instances of such preparations.

Whole drugs were used by the Ayurvedists of the olden

times for reasons not only pharmacological and economical
but also social i.e. relating to the tastes, habits, customs and
social conditions, obtaining then in the country. It
must be admitted that strides of civilisation have always sonie-
thing to do with the turn of mind of particular generations:
yet we cannot ignore the fact that the system had grown
in India on account of both extraneous circumstances and
intrinsic virtues. So far as the scientific methods are
concerned, it may be said that the ( qt=Er wlfs^R ) Pancha-
bhautika character of dravyas ( S^srl^ ) prominently occupied
the minds of the Ayurvedists, and not the analytic and
synthetic methods of the West, as the latter, though practical
could not satisfy the basic theories of the Orientals. "It is the
character of the Western intelligence to analyse, separate and
combine," but this process is sometimes too elaborate and the
results obtained are sometimes time-serving. There is also a
tendency to artificialise, which makes the subject more and
more complex. The motto of the West is to find out drugs
or remedies, which have a specific property capable of a sure
and rapid action. These tendencies, though useful in serving
one purpose, are not free from t h e faults of commission and
omission." (Dr. H . V . Savnur's—"A Handbook of Ayurvedic
Materia Medica, etc." (1950).)
 APPENDICES 489

1. Ania7is are remedies intended to be used in eyes for

their local or general effects. To relieve pain especially in
the head, Anjans are commonly resorted to in Ayurveda.
2. Araks or Arkas or Arkams are distilled essences or
liquors, made by soaking drugs in water for 24 to 48 hours
and then extracting their essence by distillation; the essence
or liquors thus obtained are Arkas. Araks are usually
equivalent to aquae or 'waters' of the British Pharmacopoeia,
and they are prepared in the same way. They are used in
fevers, dyspepsia and externally as cooling lotions.
3. Aristas (See also Asavas), axe weak • alcoholic pre-
parations prepared by making a decoction of the drugs and
then allowing them to undergo fermentation by the help of
raw sugar or honeys. Fermentation is allowed to go on for
a period of 7—10 days in hot weather, for 15 to 30 days in
cold weather.
4. Asavas or Asavani & Aristas or Arisiams (Asav-
arishtas) are medicated spirituous liquoi-s. They are prepared
with honey and treacle and various medicinal substances,
such as roots, leaves, barks, etc., of plants cut into pieces
and steeped in water and laid aside in' air-tight earthen jars
/ o r vinous fermentation for at least six months. The pro-
portion of the different ingredients, is generally as follows:—•-
Water 32 seers (or 1024 tolas), treacle or jaggery 12^- seers,
(or 400 tolas), and honey 6^ seers, (or 200 tolas), medicinal
substances l i seers, (or 40 tolas), in powder or decoction.
When raw vegetable juices are used for fermentation, the
resulting^ fluid or hquid is called Asava. In other words,
Asanas are weak alcoholic preparations prepared by infusing
the drugs, in cold water and allowing to undergo fermentation
with the help of raw sugar or honey." The above difference
in Arishtas and Asavas is not true in all cases. .^Some Asavas
are prepared by decoction and some Arishtas from infusion."—•
Dr. J . R. Goyal. When the decoction of drugs only is used for
fermentation, the fermented product is called Arishta. These
preparations combine the virtues or properties of spirituous
drinks and those of the drugs used in preparing them. Many
of these are stomachics, stimulants, tonics, astringents.
alteratives, febrifuges, etc..

5. Avalehas are Lehas, linctuses or confections or thick-

ened extracts. These are equivalent to confections, electuai'ies
or conserves of the B . P . To prepare them, decoction, after
being strained, is again boiled down to a thick soft consistency
with sugar or honey. If sugar is to be used in this preparation, »
 490 THE INDIAN MAITERIA MEDICA

its quantity should be four times that of the di-ugs, and in

the'case of jaggery, it should be double that of the drugs. If
water, or milk, or cow's urine is to be added, the quantity
to be added should be four times that of the drugs used. These
I extracts or confections, when properly made, should sink in
water, do not readily dissolve in water, can be drawn out into
threads or wires, and, if made thicker, will receive impressions
of coins on their surface. They should show a good colour and
emit sweet smell. Extracts are generally administered with
the addition of milk, sugarcane juice, sugar or any other in-
fusions or decoctions or powders, in 4 tolas desirable under
the circumstances. Avalehas are used for digestive troubles,
respiratory affections and for general tonic effect on the body.
5 ( a ) . Batji:—There are pills or tablets.
6. Bhasmas or Bhasms: (See:—Sinduras). These ai-e
'V called alkaline ashes and are prepared from vegetable and
mineral substances. Vegetable ashes:—In the case of Veget-
able, the drugs containing more or less alkalies are at first
made into a coarse powder or pieces, and then burnt till they
are completely reduced to ashes. Mineral ashes:—^In
preparing these, metals are first subjected to a process of
purification. The purified mass is then oxidised. The
oxidised product is then subjected to a process of roasting.
Finally, the roasted mass is reduced to a fine powder, when
it is fit for use. Ashes are also prepared from various animal
products, such as, hart's horn, peai'ls, cowries, etc.
6 ( a ) . Bhasms or Bhasmas (Ashes)—are also usually
oxides of metals (reduced metals) intended for internal use. In
Ayurveda great emphasis is laid on the way a Bhasm. is
prepared. An oxide prepai-ed in slightly different way, though
chemically identical, is said to possess different properties.
Crude metals, such as gold, silver, copper, etc., are first
purified in vegetable oils and juices of different plants. They
are then roasted, oxidised and finally reduced to such a degree,
that these reduced particles actually float on the Avater, and
this is the usual test in Ayurveda to see that the Bhasmas
become Varitara ("floating on water"). This test, though
seems very ordinary, has very great importance from t h e .
medication point of view. Bhasmas of such test are easily
assimilated in the general system and they directly increase
the metabolism and have a definite action upon the endocrine
glands. This is the observation of M/s. D . K . Sandu Bros.'
Pharmaceutical Works, Chembur, Bombay, in their own
practice. They add that the chemical analysis of the Bhasmas.
-manufactured by them, does not give very satisfactory results
 APPENDICES 491

and that will help them to standardise their preparations from

the tlierapeutical point of view; in spite of the fact, they say,
that they cannot ignore the rnarvellous results, obtained, and
hence they are strictly following the process laid down by the
Shastras.
N. B.:—"As fresh or preserved medicinal plants, or their juices or
their liquid extracts, could not be had i-eady at hand at all times and
in all places, Bhasmas, furnish a permanent and equally (or even more)
effective medicament, ready-made and available everywhere. Scondly,
the process involves physico-chemical action of various medicinal herte
on different metals or other inorganic substances, thus transferring the
properties of the former to those substances, and making them more
easily assimilable. In this way, a particular metal is not only rendered
innocuous, but it can be easily absorbed in the human system, con-
sequently having optimum effect "with minimum dosage. The various
Bhasmas are either Satwas ,i.e., activated principles, or Salts, i.e. organic
chemical compounds. Praval niauktik, etc., belong to the first group;
while Tamra, Jasad, Nag, etc., comprise the second variety. There is
another method, which involves interaction of inorganic substances, viz.,
Nag and Mansheel, Vanga and Hartal, etc. Though this method is more
economical as regards time and money, and Bhasmas prepared
accordingly are more powerful in action, yet they are less tolerable to
the human system and may show toxic symptoms. Thus, the main object
underlying this process, viz., to activate inorganic substances, is better
achieved by the first method, i.e., physico-chemical action of different
medicinal herbs. In spite of the fact that it is more elaborate, laborious
and expensive, it is the only method of choice on reasonable and
scientific grounds, as it combines therapeutic properties of both the
groups and provides us with preparations easily assimilable and
heightened in their therapeutic standard.
A few points of practical importance require special mention as
regards the preparation of this category—
1. No preparation of this group is regarded fit for internal adminis-
tration unless it is Ninittha i.e., it forms a stable compound with the
herb-products used as reagents; otherwise its molecules may dissociate
to reform the original m'etal and thus may show untoward symptoms.
It is therefore, of paramount importance to see tliat the preparations
must be genuine and stand the rigid scientific tests; and then they
must come only from, reliable manufacturers.
2. All preparations of metals, i.e., Bliasmas, have a common earthy
taste (though not metallic on any account), but they vary in colour
according to the method of choice.
3. As a general jule, the older the preparation the more efficacious
and innocuous it becomes.
4. These preparations should always be stored in glass-stoppered
bottles.
5. One Bhasma given in combination with different vehicles and
under different pathological aspects shows minor shades of variation in
its therapeutic action.
6. Some preparations of this group are very strong in nature
and as such they should be used with due, caution. Haratal Bhasma
is the strongest, and Tamra, Loha, Mandoor, Makshika, Abhrak, Piaval,
etc., follow in descending order.
 492 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

7. Bhavana is a process in which powders are soaked

in various fluids, such as the expressed juice of herbs,
decoctions etc., and then dried. For this purpose the quantity
of juice added to the powder should be sufficient to cover it.
The mixture is then allowed to dry in a shaded place. This
• process is repeated twice, thrice or as many times, as is
necessai'y.
8. Choornas or Churnas or Churnams are powder-
mixtures prepared by pounding dry mineral, animal or vege-
table substances in a mortar with a pestle and passing the
powder through cloth or linen, or fine sieve. "If jaggery is
to be mixed with the powder, it should be equal to the-
Chuma and in the case of sugar, it should be double the
Cliurna. If asafoetida is to be mixed, it should always b e
,_ baked over fire to prevent nausea. Usually powders are taken
S^dth milk or hot water, or cow's urine, etc., and are often
used four times in quantity. Sometimes with ghee, oil, honey
or sugar, their proportion is just sufficient to mix the dose,-
or even double the Chuma in quantity. Where no directions
are given, hot water is the only 'Anupan' or vehicle. Churnas
prepared without the a,id of machinery are considered more
elective. Choornas (Powders) are particularly useful in
later stages of severe maladies after the well-known Bhasmas
and Rasayanas, are used and the morbid process has been
bi-ought to the minimum. These are required to be given in
bulk, and their action, though quick, is only temporary. These
are the least toxic and dangerous, and their efficacy depends
on timing their administration in relation to the disease and
the hour of the day, meals, etc.
9. Dhimi or fumigations are local applications consisting
of various incenses and of pungent vegetable, animal or
mineral substances. They are capable of being volatili.sed by
heat, and the vapour which escapes, may be directed towards
a limited part, such as the head, face or anus, or widely
diffused over the skin of the whole body.
10. Dhupana is a process used for patients; it is as
follows:—The patient is made to lie on his back in a sleeping
posture, in a cane chair, or on a couch, all his clothes having
been previously removed. He is then covered over witli a
blanket. Incenses or other drugs are sprinkled over burning
coals kept in an iron or copper plate. The fire (with burning
drugs) is put under the chair or couch, and the fumes directed
to the naked body, ,
11. Dravakas or Rravakams or Dravas or distilled mineral
acids,—several formulae are given in different works for their
 APPENDICES 493

preparation. A number of mineral substances or salts are

heated in a retort and the distilled fluid collected in a glass
receiver. The acids are tested and regarded as well-made
by their property of dissolving a cowrie or shell thrown into
them. There are two varieties of Dravaka, called Sioalpa-
Dravaka and Shanka-Dravaka.
12. Faanta (See: Phantas), is infusion prepared in hot
-water by steeping (for 12 hours) in an earthen vessel, pounded
drugs 1 part, in 4 or 8 parts of f/esh boiled water, till it
biecomes cold. The fluid decanted from this vessel after the
stated period is called "phanta". It should be used in the
same way as decoction. The dpse, is 8 tolas.
13. Gandha-pakas: — (See:—Tailapaka paragraph).
14. Ghritas or Ghrithams or Ghritapakas, are prepara-
tions of medicated ghees (Ghritas) or clarified butter. The
Glirita or clarified butter is first of all heated on a fire so as
to deprive it of any water that may be mixed with it. A little
turmeric juice is then added to purify it. Ghrita thus purified
is placed on a fire in an earthen, copper or iron pan and melted
with a gentle heat. Then the medicinal paste (kalka) and
fluids tojhe used, are added, and the whole boiled together
till the watery portion is all evaporated and the ghrita is free
from the froth. It is then strained through cloth and preserved
for use. Ghrita thus prepared should be imbued with the
colour, taste and odour of the medicines with which it has
been boiled. The preparation of ghrita by boiling is not
completed in one day; the medicines are allowed to remain
in contact with the butter for sometime, so that their active
principles may be thoroughly extracted. The usual proportion
of the ingredients is this:—^Vegetable drugs in paste, is 1 part
to 4 parts of clarified butter, or ghee, and 16 parts of water.
When liquids thicker than water, such as decoctions or
expressed juices are used, the proportion of the solids or the
paste is 1/6 or even 1/8 of the clarified butter. The boiling
process is carried on to three degrees, called respectively,
-jnridu or mild, madhyama or the intermediate, and khara
meaning hard or overdone. In the first, the boiled paste is
soft; is suitable for use as snuff; in the second, it is just
soft enough to be made into pills with the fingers. In the
third form, it is turned hard and dry. The intermediate form
is preferred for internal administration and injection into the
rectum, while the over-boiled form is used for external
application. The under-boiled form is said to be suitable for
use as errhines.
 494 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Ghritas are also prepared by mixing the powdered drug«

in ghee (preferably cow's) which should be at least of 1 year
old; sometimes the mixture is boiled with water or milk, or
the decoctions of the expressed juices, of vegetable drugs or
powder, for some time, so that the active ingredients of the
drugs go in solution in ghee and then it is filtered hot through
a piece of muslin. The filtered ghee is used both intemall3''
" or externally as required. Though ghee in itself has verj-
useful properties, ghritapakas, i.e., ghees impregnated with
efficacious and active herbs, are usefully prescribed to
emaciated and run-down patients, with very low appetite and
digestion, dry skin, coristipated bowels, mentalty worried and
tired of drugging. Ghritas are to be taken only with meals
and hence satisfy a worried patient, that he is "not unnecessarily
drugged. Ghritas .should be preserved in glaSs-stoppered
^.foottles to protect them from deteriorating.
15. Giidi/eos or Gidikas (Pills): — (See also Vatikas—
Tablets), are large pills or boluses. The method of preparation
is just the same as in the case of 'Vatikas' or 'Vataka'. These
are intended to be swallowed whole by chewing or without.
These including Guggulu, are very much milder than the
Bhasmas and Rasayanas, with a very few exceptions. These
are, as a general rule, less durable and deteriorate on exposure
to the atmosphere, and hence require to be kept well-protected.
These are useful to the run-down and weak patients suffering
from chronic complaints and sensitive to any medicament hot
in nature. Similarly these are required to be continued for
days together, as action on the systematic tissues is very slow^
and mild in nature. But they have one very great advantage,
viz., they can be administered to children and the aged, and
during pregnancy, where Bhasmas and Rasayanas cannot be
tolerated.
16. Himams are cold infusions prepared by steeping for
one whole night 1 part of powdered drugs in 6 parts of cold
water. The dose and the method of preparation are the same
as in the case of 'phanta' or 'Faanta'.
17. Kalkas (pounded mass) is paste prepared by grinding
dry or fresh whole vegetable substances, moistened with water,
if necessary, on a flat stone or slab with a muUer into thin
paste, ball, or a vicious lump. When honey, ghee or oil is
to be added to the mass, it should be double the quantity of
the drug. But in the event of the addition of sugar or jaggery,
the proportion should be equal, and when liquids are to be
added, they should be four times the mass.
17(a) Kalpas:—See "Vanaushadhi Kalpas".
 APPENDICES 495-

18. Kan^ika is a sour liquid^roduced from the acetous

fermentation of powdered paddy and other grains. Two
seers of powdered paddy (grown in rainy season) are steeped
in 8 seers of water and laid aside in a covered earthen pot
for 15 days and upwards, so that it may undergo acetous fer-
mentation. The resulting fluid is called Kanjika or Dhan-
yamla, that is, the acid produced from paddy. Kanjika is a-
clear transparent fluid with a n acid taSte and vinous smell,
It is cooling, refrigerant, and useful as a drink in fever, burn-
ing of the body, etc. Other grains besides paddy are some-
times used for acetous fermentation. If mustard or the seeds-
of Raphanus sStivus are- uged instead of paddy, the resulting;
fluid is called Sintaki. If the husked grains of barley are
boiled and steeped in water, the. resulting acid liquor is called
Sauvira. When the husks of fried seeds of Phaseolus rox-
burghii and barley are boiled together for acetous fermenta-
tion, the acid is called Tushamvu. Arnala is a soul gruel made
from fermentation of boiled rice.
19. Khandapaka—means Confections. These are made
by adding to syrup, medicines in fine powder and gently stir-
ring them over a slow fire till intimately mixed and reduced
to proper consistence, i.e., that of an extract. Honey is usual-
ly subsequently added to confections.
20. Ksharams or Ksharas (Alkalies): —Medicinal plants
or herbs, or specified paifts of them, are wholly or completely
burnt, and their ashes allowed to dissolve or mix in water
allowed to stand, and which after filtration, is evaporated.
The residue thus left is a white fine powder, which is called
Kshar, is a very useful preparation, effectively acting on the
complaints of liver and spleen. As a rule, Ksharas are very
active, costic and corrosive, and hence should be used with
discretion and caution. These are stimulating to digestive
secretion, anti-fermentative, and useful in cases of ascites and
abdominal tumours. An overdose or indiscriminate use leads
to decay and falling of teeth, stomatitis and destruction of
body tissues. In cases of pregnant women, tuberculous
patients, the aged and young children, ksharas should be pres-
-cribed very juC^ciously. •
21. Kshirapaka is decoction in milk. One part of medi-
cine or drug is boiled in 8 parts of milk and thirty-two of
water, till the water is-evaporated and the milk alone remains;
the decoction is then strained.
22. Kvaths (or Quaths) or Kadhas, or decoctions are
generally prepared by boiling 1 part ( i to 2 tolas) of vegetable
substances or drugs, (roots, woods, barks and leaves of fresh
 .496 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

plants), previously pounded into coarse powder or cut or

sliced into small pieces, and then boiled over a slow fire with
8 or 16 parts of water, till the whole is reduced to one-fourth,
or 1/8, or 1/16 of the total water is left. The decoction is
then strained through cloth. When decoctions are prepared
with dry substances, 8 parts of water are used. Quaths or
decoctions are administered with (anupans) vehicles like
salt, honey, sugar, treacle, alkalies, (alkaline ashes) ghee, oil,
or some medicinal powders, as the case may require. The
principal drug should be taken or mixed with the quaths.
Every day, the decoction should be prepared fresh, in several
doses for the whole day, for administration; it should under
no circumstances he kept overnight. Always prepare fresh
Quaths. Decoctions are of different strengths, as under: —

1. "Paachan"—is a decoction in which the solution is

reduced to one-half of the total quantity. It
digests the "Aamadosha".
2. "Deepan"—is a decoction in which the solution is
reduced to one-tenth. It stimulates excretion.
3. "Shodhana" is that type of decoction in which the
solution is reduced to one-twelfth of the total
quantity. It eliminates excretion.
4. "Shamana" is a decoction in which the solution is
reduced to one-eighth. It modifies the severity
of the disease.
5. "Tarpana" is a decoction in which the solution is boiled
till it reaches the boiling-point. In nourishes
the Dhatus, (tissues).
6. "Kledana" is a decoction in which the solution is re-
duced to one-fourth. It causes disquietude-
distress to the heart.
7. "Vishoshee" is also a decoction in which the solution is
reduced to one-sixteenth. It causes thirst.
General instructions regarding the preparation of decoc-
tions: —
A decoction should not be allowed to evaporate after the
proper strength is reached, nor should it be boiled again after
being once taken off the fire and placed on t h e ground.
A decoction should be rejected when (a) it assumes a
dark, blue or red colour; (b) it becomes thick, slimy or weak;
(c) it is over-boiled; & (d) it emits a raw or rotten fleshy
smell.
 APPENDICES 497

The odour of the decoction should be of the nature of the

drugs used, and its appearance pure or lust];ous.— (A Hand-
Book of Ayurvedic Materia Medica, etc., (1950)).
"Famous Ayurvedic Ltd., concerns are preparing Quaths
m concentrated liquor form, wherein all the properties of the
crude Qvuths have been fully preserved. These liquid Quaths,
although free from alcohol remain well-preserved for a long
time. Though rather slow in action, these have penetrating
properties and are very useful in chronic cases.
23. Lepams or Lepas are plasters prepared by mixing
various resinous substances together. Lepas from proprietary
preparations come in the form of globules, which should be
rubbed, preferably with hot water (unless otherwise stated).
The mode of application varies. Some put resinous substances
into anyjhot spirit, till a kind of paste is formed. When cold,
it is applied, after washing the affected parts quite clean, to
the affected part, which is then covered with cotton-wool and
the-Lep is allowed to remain over the skin for 4, 5, or 7 days.
Some Lepas are prepared by mixing powders with water,
lemon juice, ghee or egg, and applied to the parts affected.
Another mode of appHcation is to mix a drug or drugs in hot
• or cold water, and spread it on a piece of brown paper, or
m.uslin, is known as mustard plaster or lep. The previous
applications should be washe^ away with hot water and the
part'dried before a fresh one is applied. It should never he
scraped dry, as it irritates the skin and causes\ inflammation.
A subsequent application is only made after washing the pre-
vious one;" and the part is, under no circumstances, to he
fomented after the application. It should be likewise covered
with cotton-wool to prevent cracking.
24. Malamas (Ointments):—These are "semi-solid or soft
preparations acting chiefly as local anodynes and sedatives,
for local application for various lesions, containing active
drugs mixed with ghee, vaseline, bees-wax, cocoanut or cecum
oil, etc., either alone or in combination form, the bases of all
ointments. Strict precaution should he taken to protect the
eyes from, these ointments as they cause irritation. Similarly
contamination of the ointment with dirty and soiled fingers
shoidd be avoided during appHcation. The lesion where one
particular ointment is intended to be applied should first be
cleaned with an antiseptic lotion or soap and the part dried
with clean and sterilized linen. Ointment just sufficient for
one application should be taken separately and carefully ap-
plied to the part. Strict cleanliness is in itself the first essen-
tial measure towards recovery.
32
 498 TliE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

25. Manda (decoction) is prepared in 14 parts ot water

and one part of the cereal,—usually rice or 'Ldj'. Manda
when ready, is completely free from the grain (rice).
25 (a). Mantha is also a variety of cold infusion: an
emulsion prepared in an earthen vessel; of one part of drugs
in fine powder with four parts of cold water. The dose is
8 tolas.
26. Matras:—See Rasayanas.
27. Modakas are boluses, larger than gutikas, prepared
by adding powders of medicinal substances to cold syrup and
stirring them together till uniformly mixed. No boiling is re-
quired in this Tpreparation. Syrups should be made with sugar
and water, or with sugar and decoction of the prescribed drugs.
28. Muramhas (Confections) are hquid preparations of
' drugs or fruits made by soaking them in syrup or honey.
• 29. Nasya:—-These are sternutatory preparations used
in the treatment of cold, headaches or nervous diseases.
30. Pakas are of two kinds, liquids and solids, jelly-Hke
soft preparations of drugs for internal use, made into a paste-
or solid mass with sugar, milk, or honey, to give them an
agreeable, pleasant taste as well as to preserve them. The
thin paste is also called Avaleha (linctus), and the semi-solid
mass is called Pdka.
31. Panakams or Panakas, are Syrups.
32. Panohakashayas are the extracts of some of the proxi-
mate principles of drugs in varying proportions.
33. Paniyas are weak forms of decoctions prepared by
boiling one part of medicinal substances in 32 or 64 parts of
water till the water is reduced to half the quantity. This
preparation is strained and given to patients to appease
thirst; and can also be given during meals.
34. Parpatee Kalpa preparations contain mercury sul-
phide as their essential constituent and are prepared in the
forms of flakes with the aid of heat as the physical agent.
Hence each of them is called a "Parpatee". These are parti-
cularly indicated when a certain Bhasma requires to be ad-
ministered in minimal dosage and that it should be dissociated
into its compounds in the intestinal tract, and thus be absorb-
ed in the system. Any medicament can, in this way, be pre-
pared in the form of a "Parpatee" by this process-^of chemical
action of mercury sulphide. These preparations possess in
common one important quality of dismfecting the elementary
canal and thereby detoxicating one of the greatest sources of
 APPENDICES 499

morbid processes. In addition, they act as tonics and altera-

tives and are nailder than preparations of "Sindoor Kalpas .
These should generally be prescribed mixed with sugar and
swallowed with miUc or buttermilk.
35. Peya or Yoosha decoction is prepared in 14 parts of
water, and 1 part of the cereal, and the preparation is allowed,
to boil till the consistency gets thicker than that of 'Manda.
Peya is a little mixed with the grain. Yoosha is a bit thicker
than Peya.
36. PhaHta: See Faanta. """•
37. Prale-ps:—These are preparations for external use ap-
plied as paint or poultice.
38. Praviathya:—1 part of the drug is first ground into
a plup, and the pulp, so formed, is boiled in 8 parts of water,
till the liquid is reduced to a fourth of its measure. The dose
is 8 tolas.
39. Piitapaka means roasting, or roasted mass within a
closed cover. In this process, vegetable drugs are reduced
to a paste which is wrapped up in the leaves of either Eugenia
jambolana or 'Ficus Bengalensis, or Gmelina arborea, firmly
tied with thread, string or fibres of some sort, preferably
vegetable, covered with a layer of clay from half to one inch
in thickness and roasted in or over a fire made of dried cow-
dung-cakes. When the layer of clay assumes a brick-red
colour on the surface, roasting is known to be complete, the
ball should be withdrawn from the fire and broken-open, and
the juice of the roasted drug expressed. This juice is ad-
ministered, with the addition of honey, sugar or such other
adjuncts, as may be directed. Sometimes the roasted drug
itself is given in the form of a powder or pills. Thus,
'Putapakas' contain some more principles of the drugs than
'Svarasas', owing to the action of fire. The dose is 1 to 4 tolas,
and is generally recommended to be taken with milk.
40. Quaths: See:—Kvaths.
41. Rasas or Rasa-Ousliadhams, are preparations of
metals, containing mercury in any form. As most of these
preparations contain various kinds of poisons, they are made
into piUs and tablets, so as to fix the proportion of dose. Rasas
are generally taken with Kvath, milk or water, sometimes
honey, ghee, or both are used as anupans, which help in swal-
lowing the medicines with ease. As most of the 'Rasas' con-
tain aconite, though it is purified according to Ayurvedic pro-
cesses, yet it is safer that old persons or those who suffer jrom,
cardiac weakness and respiratory disorders, shoiild very care-
fully be treated with 'Rasas' containing aconite.
 500 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

42. Rasayanas (Khalvee) are major mercurial prepara-

toions which form in Ayurved the chief part of the moat im-
portant preparations. Every Rasayan contains mercury and
sulphur in combination called "Kajjali", (or mercury in. dif-
ferent forms, e.g., metallic, sulphide, subsulphide, black sul-
phate, oxide, etc.). But, a few are exceptions, as they con-
tain no mercury, and yet they have got action similar to mer-
cury-containing Rasayanas, Rasayanas should be stored in
glass bottles to keep them active and free from atmospheric
contamination. Some Rasaya.nas are also known as Matras.
Both the constituents are first purified by an elaborate pro-
cess, and also are required to be imbibed with the properties
of fresh juices of different indigenous plants, whereby the
preparations become more potent. Different Bhasmas, which
form the constituents of Rasayanas are first carefully prepared
^ U y in accordance with the formttlae and process of Ayurvedic
Science. These preparations retain the therapeutic properties
and potency for any length of time. A skilful and experienced
practitioner may find various different marvellous results
when used through different Anupanas or Veloicles.
Rasayanas promote different secTetary organs and endocrine
glands, and build u p all body tissues, and for fulfilling these
objects, Rasayanas require to be thoroughly triturated. Tritu-
ration is a process by itself, which allows effective com.bina-
tion of different constituents of a particular preparation and
divides it into finest particles, thus increasing its assimilative
power and therapeutic effect.
Kv,pistha Rasayanas or {Sindura Kalpa Rasayanas) differ
from simple Rasayanas, only in one respect, viz., that they are
required in addition to trituration to be heated with other
suitable minerals, in hard glass, in a red hot furnace, irom. 24
to 72 hours. These being stronger than simple Rasayanas, are
more effective and useful in prolonging the life of the patient
in the last stage, even when injectnons fail to have the desired
effect! But, being very active and powerfid, they demand a
judicious and timely usage in medical practice. These are
meant for mom,entary application and are contra-indicated for
a prolonged u^age. They should he always prescribed in com-
bination with adjuncts and correctors, and greatest precaution
should be taken to ascertain that they are genuine and pre-
pared scientifically and correctly, so that mercury is well com,-
bined with other ingredients. Otherwise there is a great risk
of m,ereurial poisoning.
43. Satvas or Satwams: —^The fresh herb is crushed into
a coarse mass and allowed to remain in a basin of water for
about 12 hours. The whole thing is churned vigorously and
 /93?^
ICES I I 501

strained through m r ^ f e ^ ^ T h e strained fluid is allowed to

stand for some hours, during which time, the active ingre-
dients settle at the bottom. The upper column of the clear
water is siphoned off and the sediment is dried into a fine
powder, which contains all the properties of the respective
medicinal herb in an altered' form and taste. All such es-
sences are crfol in action and very handy for administration.
44. Seedhu is a process by which wines are produced by
fermentation of raw or boiled juices of plants, or their parts.
45. Seka or fomentations, are direct applications either
of dry heat or hot medicated steam. Dry heat may be applied
with a piece of flannel heated over a fire, or by a calico con-
taining heated salts and brick, tile, or hot ashes prepared from
various vegetables. A bag made of thin flannel and filled
with hot bran, Aiamodw, Cannabis Sativa, or Anthemis nobilis
flowers, is often used for this purpose. Hot medicated steam,
—Flannel, wrung out of boiling .water, to which poppy heads
are added, is a conimon Aiode of using moist fomentation.
The skin should be carefully dried after their use, and a dry
flannel should replace them, Varalians is a common term
among Indians for applying heat to painful parts.
46. Sinduras: —See: —Bhasmas.
^ 47. Sitakdshaya is cold infusion prepared by steeping one
part of the powdered drug in 6 of cold water for the night and
straining the fluid in the morning.
48. Sneha is prepared with either water or some such
fluid as decoction, expressed juice, milk, butter-milk, etc., the
proportions being as under:
CKalka)—Pasty mass. Medicated oil or ghee (Fluid;
1 4 16. Water
1 6 24. Decoction
1 8 32. Meat juice
1 8 32. Milk, Curd? etc.,
N. B. In the case of the last two, additional water to the
extent of four times the • (Sneha) may be added, if necessary.
When more than one variety of fluids are required, then
u p to four such sorts the usual proportion of four parts of
fluid to one of Sneha should be taken, and the varieties should
be boiled separately. But when the number of fluids required
exceeds four, each of the fluids should be equal in quantity to
the Sneha, and all should be mixed and boiled together.
When the Sneha is intended to be prepared in decoction
only, the pounded mass, left after the decoction is strained,
 502 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

may also be added to the mixture before it is boiled. But.

when it is expressly desired that the remains (Kalka) of de-
coction are not wanted, they should be discarded.
When flowers are to be used in. the preparation of the
Sneha the proportion of flowers, oil and water should be 1:8:4:
49. Sura; Suramanda; Kadambari; Jagal; Medak; Sura-
beej:—These comprise medicines that are the products of
fermentation. The following are the different forms of wines
that are mentioned in the Ayurvedic literature:—Varuni;
Sooktha or Shuktha; Chukra; Gudasooktha; Ikshusooktha;
kanjika; Thushavibu; Sotoweera; Aaranala; DhaynaTnla;
Mandaki; or Shundaka.
50. Suras are preparations similar to wines and tinc-
tures. The ingredients are dissolved in strong alcohol (spi-
,yits) and filtered or decanted. The clear liquid is used.
51. Svarasas are fresh expressed juices (SuccUs) pre-
pared by pounding green fresh medicinal plants in a mortar
and expressed and strained through a clean cloth or linen.
One should see beforehand that the plant is not infested with
worms and/or injured by inclemencies of weather. The
Svarasas contain only those prniciples, which are dissolved in
the sap. (When fresh drugs are not available, and in the cases
of plants like "Guduchi", whose juice cannot be extracte(fl,
water should be added to the pounded drug in the proportion
of 2:1, and kept for a day and night; the mixture should then
be strained and the solution used).
52. Toiilams or Tailas, (Medicated Oils) : —^These are pre-
pared in the same way as Ghritas, substituting oil for ghee.
These preparations are mostly used externally; are also pre-
pared by boiling drugs in water, milk, or other liquid sub-
stances, mixed with oil and heated until the water is evaporat-
ed. The oils thus prepared are very useful and are generally
meant for local application; a jew pi-eparations of this class are
taken internally.
53. Tailapaka are medicated oils. In preparing these,
sesamum oil is used unless otherwise specified. Sesamum oil
before being boiled with medicinal substances is first of all
heated to deprive it of any water by evaporating. It is then,
purified by steeping in. it the following substances for 24 hours,'
viz., madder 1/16, or 1/6 part in weight of the oil, turmeric,;
wood of Symplocos racemosa, tubers of Cyperus rotundus, a.
bark called nalika, the three myrobalans, root of Pavonia odo-
rata and the tender shoots of Pandanus odoratissimus, each
one-sixtyfourth part in weight of the oil. These ingredients
in fine powder should be soaked in the oil, with the addifibh.
 APPENDICES 503

•of an equal quantity of water for a day. The mixture should

then be boiled till the water is evaporated, and finally strained
through clean cloth. To the oil thus prepared, medicinal sub-
stances in the form of paste, (kalka), decoction, (Kashaya)
etc., are added, if necessary in the same proportions as for the
preparation of ghritapaka. They are then boiled together till
the watery parts are aU evaporated. As in the case of ghrita,
the vessel should he one of earth, copper m- iron. When cool,
the oil is. strained through cloth so as to separate the solid
particles, and kept for use. Some medicinal oils, and especially
those used in the treatment of nervous diseases, rheumatism
etc., are subjected to a third process of boiling with various
aromatic and fragrant substances. This is called Gandha-paka
or boiling for rendering the oil fragrant. To render the oil
fragrant, the following substances are used:—Elettaria carda-
momiun; Eugenia caryophyllata; Cinnamomum tamal; Aloe
vera; Curcuma zedoaria; Piper cubeba; Cinnamomum zeyla-
nictun; Crocus sativus; Santalum alba; Valeriana jatamansi;
Cyperus rotundus; Boswelha serrata; Storax ofHcinalis; Piper
longum-xoot; Andropogon muricatus; Unguis odoratus; Civet
cat's pouch; Ahisochilus carnosus; Preputial dried secretion
of musk animal; Parmelia perlata; Saussurea lappa; Hibiscus
abelmoschus. For 4 seers of oil, (one seer according to the
South Indian Physicians is equal to 80 tolas; but Bengal Physi-
cians take 64 tolas for a seer), one tc^la of each of such fragrant
ingredient should be taken, excepting camphor, which should
be 4 tolas. These ingredients, with the exceptions noticed
below, are reduced to a paste with water and added to the
oil, which is then boiled with an equal quantity of / water, till
the latter is evaporated and lastly strained. Camphor, musk,
storax, and the substance called nakhi should be added after
the process of Gandhapaka boiling is finished and the oil is
strained. Oils for rheumatism and nervous diseases, are
sometimes rendered fragrant by the addition of camphor
alone.
Medicated oils can be roughly classed as: — (1). powerful
stimulants and counter-irritants; (2) Cooling and sedative.
They are quick in action, have a nourishing and stimulant
effect on the organism and produce sensation of heat. Their
massage reduces local congestion and inflamation, loosens stiff
muscles and ligaments, and tones u p the circulation in the
affected part. The massage should only be carried out along
the direction of the hair on that part, and should preferably
be followed by fomentation, o r by being wrapped u p in a warm
piece of clothing. Internal administration of oils should be
carried out under medical advice and sicpervision.
504 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Castor oil and mustard oil are sometimes used in the pre-
paration of medicated oils. The proportions of oil, medicinal
substances and fluids are the same as with the sesamum oil,
b u t the methods of purifying them are different. Mustard
oil is purified by being boiled with the following ingredients,
viz., Emblica officinalis, or E. phyllanthus; Curcuma longa;
tubers of Cyperus rotundus; root or root-bark of Aegle mar-
melds; bark of Punica granatum; flowers of Mesua ferrea;
Nigella sativa seeds; Andropogon muricatus; root of Pavonia
odorata; the bark called nalika; and belleric myrobalari, two
tolas each; and Rubia cordifolia, 16 tolas for 4 seers of oil.
These should be boiled together with 16 seers of water, till
the latter is all evaporated, and the oil should then be strained.
It is now fit for being boiled with medicinal substances, the
process for which i s the same as for sesamum oil above des-
jpribed.
For purifying castor oil, the following ingredients are
used:—viz., Rubia cordifoha; tubers of Cyperus rotundus;
Coriandrum sativum, the three inyrobalans; leaves of Sesbania
aculeata; Pavonia odorata; wild dates; tender red buds of
Ficus Bengalensis; Curcuma longa; wood of Berberia aristata,
or B. Asiatika; the bark called na^ka, (Onosma echioides);
Ginger; and the shoots of Pandanus odoratissimus, each half
a tola for 4 seers of oil.. Castor oil should be boiled with equal
parts of whey and kanjika, (plain conjee or fermented paddy
water) along with the above ingredients.

General Instructions regarding the preparation of Medicinal

oils and Medicinal Ghritas (Ghees):—
These are, in a way, decoctions of vegetable drugs made
with the addition of oil or ghee, and form a prominent feature
or Ayurvedic practice. Many varieties of them are prepared
and these are used both internally and externally. The ghees
are chiefly used internally and the oils generally externally.
Preparations:—The menstruum in which these medicinal
ghees or oils are prepared may consist of water alone or of:
decoction or of expressed juice of vegetable drugs. As a
general rule, the proportion of the different ingredients used
is as follows:—^Medicinal substances well-pounded with the
addition of water so as to form a pasty mass, one part; ghee
or oil, four parts; and water, expressed juice, or decoction,
sixteen parts. These are boiled till the whole of the waterjr
portion is evaporated and nothing but' oil remains.
When decoctions are to be used as menstruum the propor-
tion of drugs to water, in ordinary cases, should be one to four:
 APPENDICES 505

and the - mixture should be boiled tiU it is reduced to one-

fourth of its measure. But when the drugs are hard, woody,
or difficult to be easily dissolved, additional quantities of water
have to be taken to prepare the decoction. So, in the case of
soft, medium, and hard drugs the proportions of water should
be four, eight, and sixteen respectively to one, of the drug.
When decoctions used for menstruums are required on a
larger scale, the proportion of water taken to prepare those
decoctions goes on decreasing. The proportions are as fol-
lows:—; '
Quantity of Decoction (ready) Proportion of water
1 to 4 tolas .. .. 16 times.
4 to 16 tolas .. .. .. 8 times.
16 to 16384 tolas .. .. 4 times.
[Page 247 of Dr. Savnur's Hand-Book of Ayurvedic Mate-
ria Medica (1950)].
54. Thandulajala, (Rice-water) is prepared by thorough-
ly mixing with the hand 1 part of rice with (washings) 8 parts
of water.
55. Vanaushadhi Kalpa's:—The Deccan Ayurvedashrani
Pharmacy, Ltd., Hyderabad, (South India), state tliat, in
these days, when it is very hard to procure genuine and fresh
medicinal herbs, they, in order to overcome this practical
difficulty, have prepared different Kalpas from genuine and
fresh herbs, which keep well for a, long time without any
deterioration a^ to their therapeutic value; they are said to
have been manufactured under expert supervision with
scientific teclinique, and are guaranteed against adulteration
or impurity. The great advatj,tage of these Kalpas is the small
dosage in which these can he therapeutically administered.
56. Vataka oi- Vatika: (See also:—Gutikas), are pills
usually prepared by reducing a decoction of vegetable sub-
stances to- a thick consistency and then adding some powders,
or drugs or articles such as, water, treacle, raw sugar, honey,
gum, guggul, as the case may be, for making a pill mass. Water
or honey are usually the only anupans for administering pills,
where none else are mentioned. See also Gudika.
57. Vatikas:—See:—Gudikas or Gutikas.
58. Vesavar is a type of medicinal spices containing aro-
matic drugs.
59. Vilepee decoction is prepared by putting 1 part of the
cereal, in 4 parts of water, and the thick mixture is boiled
tjll it becomes viscous.
 506 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

60. Yavagoo or Yawagoo decoction, is prepared by put-

ting 1 part of the cereal, in 6 parts of water, and the whole
mixture is boiled till it gains the consistency of gruel; and be-
comes so thick that the liquid portion is scarcely left in it.
Rice, Phaseolus radiata; Phaseolus mungo and Sesamum are
used in this preparation.
61. Yoosha: See Peya.
N. B . : — "Kashayas, Kvathas, Asavarishtas, Avalehas,
Ghritas, Tailas, are regular preparations of crude drugs con-
taining varying quantities of the proximate principles accord-
ing to the process through which the drugs are made to 'pass'.
(Dr. H. V. Savnur).

Publications consulted.
% 1. Indian Therapeutics (1928) by Dr. D. V. Sandu.
2. List of Raw Drugs & Medicinal Preparations (1926),
published by Government of Madras.
3. Guide to Indigenous Drugs (1949) by J. R. Goyal.
4. Fundamental Principles of Ayurvedic Medicines,
^published by the Government of Madras.
5. A Hand Book of Ayurvedic Materia Medica with prin-
ciples of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Vol. I (1950)
by Dr. Savanur.
6. Clinical Application of Ayurvedic Medicines etc.,
(1924), by Zandu Pharmaceutical Works, Ltd., Bom-
bay, 13.
7. Index Book and Therapeutic Guide (1928 Edn. &
1943 Edn.) published by the Deccan Ayurvedashram
Pharmacy, Ltd., Hyderabad. (Deccan) .

APPENDIX V n

Therapeutic Agents, with their Definitions, brief explana-

tions and a few examples.
1. Abortifacient:—Inducing expulsion of the foetus.
2. Abortive: — (Pataneeya) (Hind:—Aurton Ke Kapre
jari Kamewali).—See Abortifacient; aborticide.
3. Absorbents: —Drugs or medicines that destroy acidity
in the stomach and bowels and produce absorption or exuda-
tion of diseased tissue. Absorbents stimulate those blood
vessels and glands, which work together in absorption, and
poisonous or irritant substances are carried off by them. Ab-
sorbents are used in diarrhoea or vomiting. Antacids (Q. V.)
 APPENDICES 507

and Cathartics (Q. V.) belong to this class. When gases or

substances in solution get fixed on the surface of a solid, they
are said to be absorbed. Absorbents are used in medicine to
remove undesirable substances like toxins or poisonous gases
in the intestine, i.e., they are drugs used to cause absorption
of irritating secretions on the surface of the body, or of gaseous
products from the gastro-intestinal tract, e.g.. Magnesia; Pre-
pared Chalk; and Wood Charcoal.
4. Ahsorptives: — (See also:—Resolvents; Counter-irri-
tants) . Cause the absorption of products of inflammation.
5. A<Ms: —These are salts of hydrogen, which give acid-
reaction with blue litmus paper or neutralise alkalinity. They
are mineral and organic; e.g.. Hydrochloric, Acetic, Nitric,
Sulphuric, Phosphoric, Nitro-hydrochloric, and Citric acids.
6. Acrid:—Producing irritation, as of the tongue, etc.
7. Adipogenous:—An agent that produces fat.
7 (a). Adsorbents:—Solid substances, such as charcoal,
-which adsorb a vapour in contact with them.—See also: —
Absorbents.
8. Alexipharmic:—A medicine neutralising a poison.
9. Alkalies:—See:—Antacids.
10. Alkaloids:—Natural organic bases found in plants;
characterised by their Specific physiological action. Alka-
loids may be related to various organic bases,,the most im-
portant ones being pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, pyrrole,
and other more complicated derivatives. Most alkaloids are
crystalline solids, others are volatile liquids, and some are
gums. They contain Nitrogen as part of a ring and have the
general properties of amines.
11. Alteratives: — (Parivartakas); (Hindi:—Badal-de-
ne-wali);—See also: —Resolvents and Discutients. Medicines
that "alter" the morbid or unhealthy processes of nutrition and
excretion, restoring in some unknown way, (perhaps by pro-
moting embolism and metabolism), the normal functions of an
organ or of the system without producing any sensible effect,
or obvious impression on any of the organs of the body. Their
action is inexplicable e.g., Mercui-y; Potass-iodide; Gold salts;
Sarsaparilla; Sulphur; Colchicum; Arsenic; Iodine. Emetics
and tonics belong to this class.
12. A^iaesthetics: — (Angamardashamana): (Hindi:—^Be-
siurat Kamewali; Sunnkardenewali): —Drugs or substances,
that produce temporary loss of sensation, or local insensibility,
and consciousness from its effects upon the brain, or nerve-
 508 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

fibres, and spinal centres; i.e., taken internally cause general

unconsciousness.
13. Anaesthetics:—(General):—Comprising of certain volatile sub-
stances, which, when inhaled in sufficient quantities, produce loss of
sensation and consciousness from their action on the brain and the
Spinal centre:—e.g., Chloroform; Ether; Nitrous Oxide Gas; Bromoform.
14. Anaesthetics (Local):—Which act by affecting the sensory
nerves of the skin or the mucous membrane, when the drug comes in
contact with them, until their power of receiving or conducting sen-
sations is lost; e.g., Cocaine; Carbolic Acid; Ice; Veratrine; Ether in the
form of spray.
15. Anaesthetics (Spinal):—acting, (when injected into the spinal
fluid) through the sensory roots of the spinal cord. Hence they produce
anaesthesia of the lower part of the body.
16. Analeptic:—Any agent restoring strength after ill-
ness, i.e., during convalescence e.g., Gentian bark; Nourish-
ing foods and tonics.
17. Analgesic :—See:—Anodyne : — (Vadanashamana);
(Hindi: —Sakomewali): —A remedy or drug taken internally,
that relieves actual pain either by depressant action on the
nerve centres, or by impairing the conductivity of nerve
fibres, (brain). These do not produce loss of consciousness.
E.g., Opium; Aspirin; Antipyrine; Indian Hemp; Belladonna;
Aconite; Chloroform; & Antifebrin.
17. (a) N. B.:—Analgesics and Anodynes act by depress-
ing the sensory centre or by reducing the activity of the sen-
sory nerves. E.g., Datura fastuosa; Papaver somniferimri.
18. Anaphrodisiac:— See:— Antaphrodisiac): — (Virya-
nashana): — (Hind: —Namarad-Karnewali). That which al-
lays or diminishes or weakens the sexual passion, power and
feeling; e.g.. Bromides of Ammonium and Potassium; Tobacco;
Hemlock; (Camphor; Iodides of Sodium & Potassium. These
act by limiting the supply of blood to the generative organs
and by lowering the excitability of the peripheral nerves or
the nerve centres.
19. Anaphylaxis:—This term was originally used to ex-
plain a condition opposite to immunity, but it is now used to
designate all artificiallly induced conditions of hypersensitive-
ness in man and lower animals.
20. Anhidrotics: — (SvedaghTia): (Hindi: —Pasina rokne
wall). Agents that check or diminish profuse sweating,
(general or local); e.g.. Belladonna; Hyoscyamus; Atropine;
Stramonium; Muscarine; Quinine; Zinc-salts; Vegetable and
Mineral Astringents; Picrotoxin in small doses. These act by
depressing the fvmction of the sweat-glands, by limiting the
circulation, or depressing the nerve-centres.
 AiPPENDICES. 509

21. Anodynes: — (Sulaprasamana); (Hind:—Sakorne-

•wali):—Drugs which give local relief from ill-defined pain,
and general discomfort, mostly by their action on the sensory
nerves; e.g., Belladonna; Sali-cylates; Camphor. Anodynes
are divided into three kinds, viz., Sedatives, Hypnotics, and
Narcotics.
22. Antacids: — (Pittaghna): — (Hindi : —Pitmamewcdi):
—See:—Alkalies:—Substances counteracting or neutralising
activity in the stomach; e.g., caustic soda and Potash with their
carbonates, Bicarbonates, Acetates; Citrates; Oxides; Ammo-
nia and Magnesia with their preparations; Chalk; of this class
these are those, which act directly, as Soda does upon the
gastric membrane, and those which also act indirectly, through
the blood. E.g., Carbonates of Potassa.
23. Antagonists: — (Physiological)—are drugs having
opposite effect. E.g., Chloral and Strychnine; Belladonna and
Opium; Atropine and Muscarine; Atropine and Hydrocyanic
Acid; Atropine and Physiostigmine; Atropine and Pilocarpine;
Digitalis and Saponine; Alcohol and Strychnine.
24. AvJtalkaline: (Hindi: Balgham ko kam karnexvali):
—Those drugs which neutralize an alkaline state of the system;
e.g., Citric Acid; Lemon-juice; Tartaric Acid.
25. Antaphrodisiax:—See:—Anaphrodiasiac:—An agent
that lessens the venereal impulse, i.e., sexual passion and
power.
26. Antevnetic:— See:—Antiemetic: — (Hindi:—Qui ya
ubkai roknewali).
27. Anthehnints or Anthelmintics: — (Krimighna) ) : —
(HiTid :—^Kiremarnewali):—See :—"Teniacides"; "Vermi-
cides"; "Vermifuges"; Antiscolics:—^Agents which either
directly or indirectly kill or render powerless and expel intes-
tinal parasites or worms in the alimentary canal (round, tape,
broad and t h r e a d ) : e.g.. Santonin; Thjrmol; Pelletierine; Tur-
pentine; internally;—Salt water and Quassia by enema;—Mal-
lotus philippinensis; Embeha ribes; Cowhage; Scammony;
Male fern root; Calomel; Gamboge; Chenopodium. ,
28. Antiarthritic:—A remedy against gout, rheumatism,
or affections of the joints. Antacids and tonics belong to this
class.
29. Antihiliary or Antibilious, are medicines which are
useful in bUious affections; e.g., Calomel.
30. Antibodies are specific protective substances pro-
duced b y the tissue cells of the host in response to an antigen.
 510 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

31. Antibiotics:—are antibacterial agents.

32. Anticoagulant:—^Any substance which causes drawn
blood to remain liquid instead of coagulating.
32. (a) Anti-convulsives check convulsive disorders due
to blood deterioration, and nervous debiHty; included in tonics
and anodynes.
33. Antidiabetic:—Medicine preventing or overcoming
diabetes.
34. Antidotal:—See:—Antidote; Antipharmic.
35. Antidote : — (Vishaghna); (Hindi : — Zahron-ki-
Tuarq); Counteracting the action or effect of poisons. E.g.: —
Potass permanganos, in opium poisoning; Lime for .sulphuric
acid. Antidotes are Chemical, Physiological or Vital.
36. Antidysenteric:—A medicine serviceable against dy-
';gentery.
37. Anti-emetic: — (Chherdinashana)—Relieving nausea^
and preventing emesis or vomiting. Included among stimu-
lants and anodynes.
38. Antifebrile: —An agent reducing a fever.
39. Antifermentative:—An agent that prevents fermenta-
tion.
40. Antigalactic or Antigalactagogue:—A drug that les-
sens the secretion of milk.
41. Antigen is a substance, which when used parenterally
is capable of causing the development of specific antibodies in
animals. Any foreign protein may act as an antigen.
42. Antihydrotics:—^Lessens the secretion of sweat: n
drug which diminishes perspiration.
43. Antilithics: — (Mutrasan^rahaniya); (Hindi:—Peshat
kam lanewali); See also:—Lithontriptics. Agents preventing
or dissolving the deposit of renal, vesical or biliary calcuU o r
sediment; medicines used for the relief of calculous affections;
e.g., Saxifraga ligulata; acids for phosphatic; alkalies for uric
acid calculi, castile soap and salicylate of Soda for gall-stones.
44. Antineuralgic: —Overcoming neuralgia.
45. Antiparasitics: (See: "Parasiticides"; "Antiseptics").
Destroying or preventing increase of parasites, irLfeCting the
surface of the body. These are antiseptics also; e.g.. Sulphur-
ous and Carbolic acids; Iodide of Sulphur; various mercurial
salts.
46. Antiperiodics: — (Jwarahara); (Hindi: Bukhar ko
dur karne wa roknewali):—Remedies which antagonise the.
 APPENDICES 5U

poison of periodic disorders, like ague, (malaria), neuralgia,

etc.; medicines used for the relief of malarial'fevers. Included
among tonics also. e.g. Quinine; Arsenic; Iodide.
47. Antviiharmic: — {Rvndx: Zahron ki maraq); See:—•
Alexipharmic; Antidote; Antidotal.
48. Antiphlogistics:—These are external applications
employed to reduce inflammations, whether internal or ex-
ternal. Emetics; cathartics; purgatives; diaphoretics; diure-
tics; and refrigerants are also included in this class; e.g..
Iodine; Mercury; Aconite; Veratrum viride; Antimony.
49. Antipruritic: (Kandughna): —Relieving the sensa-
tion of itching.
50. Antipyic means checking or restraining suppura-
tion.
51. Antipyretic:— See:— "Febrifuge":— (Jvarabhan-
'jeeya) (Hindi: Hararat ko kam kamewali) : —Reducing the
temperature of the body in pyrexia, i.e., fever and diseased
conditions. These act (1) by lessening heat production
through the heat centres, (Quinine); (2) by neutralising or
destroying the toxine of the fever (Quinine); (3) increasing
loss of heat by diaphoresis, (salicylates; alcohol); and (4) by
heat abstraction (cold baths, diaphoretics, sudorifics).
52. Antirheuviatic:—An agent relieving or curing
rheumatism; e.g., Colchicum; Iodide of Potash.
53. Antiscolics:— See:— Anthelmintics; Vermifuges;
Vermicides.
54. Antiscorbutic:—A remedy for or preventive of
scurvy, to check blood derangements. These are also embrac-
ed in tonics, e.g.. Citric Acid.
55. Antiseptic: (Shodhaneeya); (Hindi: Dkonewali loa
' ankur lanewali):—See:—Bacteriostatics. A remedy that
arrests or prevents putrefaction, or, what is the same thing,
the bacteria upon which putrefaction depends. Antiseptics or
Bacteriostatics are substances which prevent or retard the
growth of micro-organisms as long as they remain in contact
with them but do not destroy them; e.g.. Borax; Boracic
Acid; Camphor; Charcoal; Vinegar; Creosote; Carbolic Acid.
These should not be compounded with disinfectants like hot
air, which destroy the germs causing disease, or with Deodo-
rants Uke Chlorine or Charcoal, which destroy fetid smells and
emanations.
56. Antisialagogues:—See:—Antisialics:—Drugs which
decrease or check the secretion of saliva; e.g., Atropintj and
physostigma in large doses.
 512 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

57. Antisialic or Antisialagogue:—Checking the secre-

tion of saliva, causing dryness of the mouth; e.g., Atropine.
58. Antfispasmodics: — {Svasahara) (Hindi: Badan ki
ainthan wa maror ko dur wa kam kamewali): —^Agents which
relieve, prevent or control morbid " spasms of voluntary or
involuntary muscles (nervous irritability), relieve convul-
sions, and pains unattended by inflammation, in any part of
the body. These include drugs which paralyse motor centres;
e.g., Chloroform; (2) Drugs depressing the motor centres;
e.g.. Bromides; (3) Medicines causing the expulsion of gas
from the intestines and relieving colic; e.g., asafoetida,
Cajuput, castor. Valerian,- Carminatives and Aromatics; (4)
Medicine overcoming the spasm of the bronchial tubes; e.g.,
Datura; Adrenalin; Lobelia; Stramonium; Belladonna;
Hyosciamus; Ammonia; Asafoetida; Galbanum; Valerian;
Ether; Camphor; Opium; Chloroform; Oxide of Zinc;
Calomel.
59. Antisyphilic or Antisyphilitic:—A remedy directed
against, or used for the relief of Syphilis. Usually an alter-
ative.
60. Antitoxin,—is a serum, or a preparation from serum
containing the antitoxic globulins or their derivatives which
have the specific power of neutralising the toxins formed by
a micro-organism.
61. Antizymotics:—Agents preventing the process of
fermentation, either by destroying or rendering inactive, the
•causative ferments; an antiferment.
62. Aperient: (Bhedaneeya); (Hindis—Dast Khol kar
lanewali): —A mild purgative or laxative. e.g. Rhubarb;
Manna; Grey powder.
63. Aphrodisiac (Vajeekarana); (Hindi:—Namardi-ki-
dawa). Stimulating or increasing the sexual appetite, passion
and virile power. E.g., Strychnine; Damiana; Cannabis indica.
They act on the genital centre of the cord and brain. They
may also act indirectly by irritating the bladder and urethra
as Cantherides.
64. Appetizer:—A remedy or dose, taken to stimulate
the appetite.
65. Aromatics:—See:—Fragrant: (Sugandhitadravya)
(Hindi:—Khiish-huen). Substances characterised by a
fragrant, cordial, spicy taste, and/or odour, and containing
volatile oils and stimulants to the gastro-intestinal mucous
membrane. E.g., Cardamoms; Cinnamon; Orange-peel; Nut-
megs; Cloves; Cubebs; Fennel seeds; Peppermint.
 . APPENDICES • 513

66. Astringents: — (Sankeshaneeya); (Hindis Bandhej-

karnewali). Agent producing condensation or contraction of
organic tissues, muscular living fibres, or arresting haemor-
rhages, or lessening secretions of the mucous membranes, such
as those of the stomach and of the intestines, etc., by precipitat-
ing albumin and gelatin. E.g., Tannic and GalUc acids;
Alum; Lead^Aaetate; etc., act in this way; Mineral acids and
most metallic salts, creosote. Their action may be local, con-
stituj*bnal or remote. Astringents are divided into vege-
t a l ^ and mineral. Astringents are applicable in arresting
unhealthy discharges depending upon weakness of the blood
vessels, or when the discharge is kept u p by habit when the
exciting causes are removed, or when the discharges are very
profuse.
67. Attenuant:—An agent increasing the fluidity or
thinness of the blood or other secretion; e.g., Ammoniated iron.
68. Bactericide:—See:—"Disinfectants" & "Germicides"
—An agent that destroys bacteria.
69. Bacteriophages are lytic agents, which are ultra-
microscopic vira according to some workers, and are said to
be non-living substances of the nature of enzyme according
to a few other research workers.
70. Bacteriostatics:—See:—Antiseptics .
71. Balsamics are medicines of a soothing kind. E.g.,
Tolu; Peruvian balsam.
72. Biliary lithontriptics arg^ drugs used to dissolve gall-
stones.
73. Bitters: Medicines characterised by a bitter taste.
Bitters are of three kinds: — (1) Bitters aromatic; medicines
that unite the properties of aromatics with those of simple
bitters; (2) Bitters simple; medicines that stimulate the gastro-
intestinal tract, without influencing the general system; and
(3) Bitters styptic; medicines that add styptic and astringent
properties to those of bitterness.
74. Cardiac:—Pertaining to the heart.
75. Cardiac Stimulants are drugs which maintain an
efKcient circulation, when the heart fails to p»erform its
function, by improving its activity.
76. Cardiant:—A remedy that affects the heart.
77. Carminatives (Deepaneeya); (Hindi:—Bao Haran;
Aphra dur kamewali) (See: under ArvtiSpasmodics). Calm-
ing or soothing medicines, that act by relieving pain in the
stomach and bowels and expel flatulence and gas from the
33
 514 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Stomach or intestines (alimentary canal), by increasing or

regulating peristalsis. Their action on the stomach depends
on their power of relaxing the muscular fibres or the gastric
orifices.
78. Cathartics: — (Bhedaua); {Hindi: Kara julab) See:
Aperients; Evacuants; Purgatives. These are divided into: —
(1) Laxatives:—Figs; Prunes; Sulphur; Olive Oil; (2)
Simple ptcrgatives, which act by stimulating the glands: —
Senna, Castor Oil; Aloes; (3) Drastics:—^rather acting in-
tensely by irritating the mucous membrane of the intestines: —
Jalap; Colocynth; (4) Hydrogogues:—which produce fluid
motions:—Croton Oil; Colocynth; Epsom and Glauber's Salts;
(5) Cholagogue-purgatives, which act by stimulating the
liver:—Rhubarb, Calomel, Aloes.
^ 78(8). Vegetable Cathartics are classified by Cushny on a chemicEfl
Vbasis as follows:—(1) Anthracene ptjrgatives containing principles, which
are derivatives of anthraquinone; Rhubarb; Aloes; Cascara and Senna.
(2) Purgative Oils:—Croton Oil; Castor Oil. (.Z) The Jalap group,
which are all resinous substances:—Jalap; Scammony; Podophylline;.
and Colocynth.
78(b). Mineral Cathartics:—Sulphur; Carbonate of Magnesia;
Sulphate of Soda; Sulphate of Magnesia; Sulphate of Potassa; Bitartrate
of Potassa; Tartrate of Potassa; Tartrate of Potassa and Soda; Phosphate
of Soda; Calomel.
79. Ciliary Excitants:—are medicines, which when
sucked in the mouth, promote expectoration of bronchial
mucus by reflex action; e.g.. Chloride of Ammonium; Chlorate
of Potassium; Gum Acacia; native Chloride of Sodium.
80. Caustic: — (See:—Escharotics). (Kustagna); {HiTidi:
Katnewali; Dagnewali; Khajkarneioali). Substances that des-
troy or disorganise living tissue, by destroying the vitality of
the part on which it is applied. It causes sloughing and in-
flammation of the surrounding area where applied. These ai*e
substances, which, when placed in contact with the living body,
destroy the tissues, decompose the animal fluids and give rise
to the formation of slough or eschar.
80(a). Cautery:—Primarily, the term was applied to
caustics, but more frequently now to the platinum wire heated
by an electric current, or, the term 'Actual Cautery' is applied
to the hot iron, for counter-irritation, removal of tissues, etc.
81. Cerebro-Spimmts:—Medicines which influence the
brain and spinal cord. They may be paralysers, stupefacients
or intoxicants. (Great care should be exercised in using
these).
82. Chemotherapeutics:—Drugs used in cases of diseases
caused by micro-organisms or other parasites, in the specific
 APPENDICES :"' ' ' 51S

treatment of infection, e.g., treatment of syphilis by organic

arsenic preparations; of amoebic dysentery by emetine, and
of malaria by quinine.
83. Cholagogues: — iMriduhhedana); {Hindi:—Halka
Julab); See also:—Cathartics. Remedy which stimulates the-
action of liver, empties the gall bladder, promoting or increas-
tng the secretion or excretion of bile, and produces free pur-
gation at the same time. Also included in Cathartics; hepatic
stimulants; e.g.. Sodium Salicylate; Soda salts; Fel Bovinum;
Chloride of Ammonium; dilute Nitro-Hydrochloric Acid.
84. Choleretics: —Drugs which increase secretion of bile.
85. Coagulants: —Drugs that hasten blood coagulation in
haemorrhage.
86. Convulsions:—Medicines that cause convulsions.
87. Cordial:—Pertaining to heart; exhilarant or stimu-
lant; e.g., Aromatic confections.
88. -Corroborants:—^Are medicines and foods which in-
crease the strength; e.g.. Iron; Gentian; Meat; Wine.
89. Corrosive:—A substance that destroys organic tissue
either by direct chemic means or by causing inflammation a n d
suppuration.
90. Counter-irritants: — (H in d i:—Uparnewali):—An
. agent that produces superficial and artificial inflammation, in
order to exercise a good effect upon some adjacent or deep-
seated morbid process. Counter-irritants include or are
divided into: — (1) Rubefacients; (2) Epispastics or Vesicants;
(3) Ab.sorptives; (4) Caustics or Escharotics; (5) Revulsives
and Derivatives. Counter-irritants are also stimulants. E.g.,,
Mustard plasters or blisters; Mustard baths. These are agents
used with the object of diminishing, counteracting, or removing
some remote irritation or inflammation existing in the body.
92. Deliriants:—Agents that act on the brain, so as to
disorder the mental faculties and produce confusion of will-
pHjwer; medicines tending to have a sedative influence over
the heart and circulation, included in cerebro-spinants, caus-
ing delirium; e.g.. Datura; Cannabis indica.
93. Delirifacients are drugs which produce delirium,
followed afterwards by stupor; e.g.. Cannabis; Belladonna;
Hyoscyamus; Coca.
94. Demulcents:— (Mridukara); (Hindi:—Tarkarne-
u:ali); See also:—Emollients.—Substances of a viscid charac-
ter, soothing or protecting mucous membranes, and the parts
to which they are applied, from irritation; unirritating sub-
 516 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

stances which form with water a viscid solution. E.g.:—Gum

arabic; Tragacanth; Flaxseed; Liquorice-root; Sago; Tapioca;
Arrowroot; Barley; Marshmallow; Mallow; Isinglass; Suet,
Wax; Linseed; Olive and Almond oils; Starch; Glycerin. These
also soothe and protect the air passage froqa the cold air in colds
or obstinate coughs; protect the coating of stomach from the
evil effect of corrosive or irritating acids, poison, etc., also used
to protect the mucus membrane of the urinary organs from
acid action of the water in kidneys or bladder troubles; used
by the mouth or by injection; in short, are oleaginous and
mucilagenous substances forming a soothing protective viscid
coating.
95. Dentifrices:—^These are powders or paste used for the
piurpose of cleaning the teeth and the gums.
«-, 9o. Deohstruent:—^A medicine that removes functional
obstructions of the body; e.g., Iodide of Potash.
97. Deodorants:—See Disinfectants; Antiseptics; Deo-
dorisers, etc.;—(Diirgandhanashaka); (Hindi: Satand. . ko
sokhjanewali)—Those which destroy, remove, or correct, or
hide offensive or disagreeable, or fetid odours and emanations.
These are volatile or non-volatile. These may or may not be
antiseptics or disinfectants.
98. Deodorisers:—Substances that destroy oflEensive
odours.
99. Depila,tory:—A substance used to remove or destroy,
the hair.
100. Depressant:—See:—Sedative:—A medicine that re-
tards or depresses the physiologic action of an organ, i.e.,
lowers functional activity.
101. Depurant or Depurative:—J^ medicine that purifies
or cleanses the animal economy.
102. Derivatives or Revidsives:—^Are remedies which
are supposed to remove, divest or draw a morbid process or
the diseased action from its seat of mischief to the place of
their application; e.g., Cantharides; Turpentine; Ammonia;
Camphor; Mustard; most volatile oils; Mezereon; Capsicum;
Croton Oil, etc.
103. Desiccant: — (Vranaropaneeya); (Hind: —Ghaosu-
khanewali): —^Drying medicines or applications, which when
applied to open wounds or injured parts, form with the dis-
charged matter a scab and thereby protect them from external
influences.
104. Detergent: —A drug purifying and cleansing wound^i,
etc., cleaning the surface over which it passes; e.g., Soap.., ,
 APPENDICES 51T

.. 105. DiaphoreUcs:—See:—Sudorifics:-^ (Svedaneeya);

(Hind: —Pasina lanewali) —A drug which increases the action
of the skin and promotes the secretion of perspiration or sweat,
which they do either by stimulating the terminal nerves in the
cells of the sweat glands, such as Jaborandi (pilocarpine), or
by causing dilatation of the superficial capillaries, as Ipecac,
Opium, Alcohol, or by stimulating the sweat centres in the
spinal cord, as the spirit of nitrous ether. Diaphoretics are
milder in action, while Sudorifics cause excessive perspiration;
e.g.. Acetate of ammonia; Calomel; Antimony; Opium; Cam-
phos; Sarsaparilla; Ipecacuanha.
Dfaphoretics are of three classes:—(1) Nauseating diaphoretics; e.g..
Ipecacuanha; Tartrate of Antimony & Potassa.
(2) Refrigerant diaphoretics:—Citrate of Potassa; Acetata of Am-
monia; Nitrate of Potassa.
(3) Alterative Diaphoretics:—Sassafras; Sarsaparilla.
106. Digestatits:—See:—Digestives.
107. Digestiives are agents used to assist the stomach and
intestines in their normal functions of promoting digestion of
foods; e.g.. Pepsin; Malt Extract; Papain; Trypsin; Taka-
diastase.
108. Diluents:—Agents that dilute the secretions of an
organ or that increase the fluidity of secretions; preparations
used to quench thirst and which dilute and thin the thickened
blood and cool the fever system. Diluents are chiefly watery
compounds and also remedies like water and weak fluid foods,
which, when taken in quantity, on being eliminated, carry out
some solids with them by the kidneys, lungs, or skin; e.g. weak
tea; water; thin broth; gruel; weak infusions of balm, hore-
hound, pennyroyal, ground-ivy, mint, sage.
109. DiScutient:—See also:—Resolvents; Alteratives:—'•
A medicine supposed to have the power of repelling or
resolving or scattering a swelling, tumours, etc., e.g., Galba-
niim; MerciAy; Iodine.
110. Disinfectant:—See:—Deodorants; Antiseptics: —
(Aguntaka-roganashaka); (Hind: —Urkar lagnewali; bimari-
yon ko rokne aur dur karnewali). An agent that actually
destroys disease-germs and noxious properties of fermenta-
tion or putrefaction. Disinfectants, bactericides or germicides
destroy pathogenic microbes, i.e., those which cause communi-
cable diseases. All disinfectants are in a way antiseptics, but
all antiseptics are 7iot disiinfectants.
111. Diuretics: — (Mutravirochaneeya); (Hindi:—PesJiab-
jari karnewali):—Medipines that increase the flow of secre-
 318 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

.tion of urine either by stimulating the renal cells or increasing

the flow of blood through them. These also increase the
^quantity of urine by stimulating the heart and thus acting
upon llie general circulation. E.g., Nitre; Acetate of potassa;
•Squills; Juniper; Oil of Turpentine.
Diuretics are as under:—(1) Stimulating diuretics act by stimulat-
ing the kidneys during their elimination, e.g., Copaiba, Cubebs; Tur-
pentine; Pepper; Gin; Alcoholic liquors; Buchu; Cantherides; Juniper etc.
(2) Hydragogue diuretics, act by raising the blood pressure in the
.glomeruli; e.g.. Digitalis; Squill; Casca; Broom; Caffeine, etc.
(3) Kefrigerant diuretics, act by washing out the kidneys e.g..
Large closes of diluents like water, and solutions of the various potash
salts.
112. Drastic: — (Hind:—Kara julah):—A powerful and
irritating purgative; e.g., Gamboge.
^' 113. Ecbolics or Oxytocics: — (Garbhasayashodhana)
*(Hind: Aurton ke kapre jari karnewali): — (See also: —Oxy-
tocics). Those which produce abortion or facilitate parturi-
tion; drugs which cause expulsion of the contents of the
uterus by contracting the uterine muscle, or muscular fibre;
they may be direct or indirect. E.g. Ergot; Borax; Savin;
Quinine. Ecbolics in smaller doses are emmenagogues.
114. Emetics: — (Vaviakareeya); (Hindi:—Qai lane-
T.vali)':—Agents that induce or cause or produce vomiting by
- local action on the nerves of the stomach, mucous membrane,
such as common salt, Zinc salts.
Emetics are divided into:~-(l) Central Emetics act through the
vomiting centre of the brain. E.g. Apomorphine; Ipecacuanha; Camo-
mile; Antimony; Copper; Zinc.
(2) Local Emetics, as Zinc and Copper Sulphates: Mustard; Car-
bonate of Ammonia; warm Chamomile infusion; solution of Common
Salt, Alum, etc., ivhich act locally by irritating directly the nerves dis-
tributed to the gastric mucous membrane.
(3) General Emetics, which act through the blood upon the vomit-
ing centre as Tartar emetic; Ipecacuanha; Senega; Sqiiill; Apomorphine
etc. Most of these latter drugs are eliminated by the gastric mucous
membrane, after absorption, and then also act partly as local emetics.
Apomorphine may, however, be regarded as a pure general emetic.
^Emetics are vegetable and mineral.
115. Emmenagogues: — (Rajastliapaneeya); are medi-
cines, which by their stimulating action on the uterine fibre
(1) directly assist in increasing or restoring disordered men-
struation, when deficient or absent as Ergot; Savine; and most
Ecbolics; or (2) by removing the cause of the suppression,
allow the discharge to return, as iron, aloes, strychnine, etc.
F u r t h e r examples are: . Castor, Asafoetida; Galbanum; Mer-
cury; Black-hellebore; Juniper; Pennyroyal.
 APPENDICES 519

116. Emollients {Snehopaga); (See also: —Demulcents):

iHindi:—Jalan aur sozish ko dur kamewali):—Oily or fatty
-protective substances, (external demulcents or protectives)
which by external application soften or relax the skin or
internally soothe an irritated or inflamed surface, diminishing
the pain helping suppuration. E.g., Oils, Honey, Starch,
poultices of bread, bran, linseed-meal, carrots and turnips;
Spermaceti Cerates; Ointments, hot fomentations, chalk, lard.
l i 7 . Enemata are medicines in a fluid state injected into
the rectum to facilitate the action of other medicines, or to
operate upon the bowels, when the stomach is too irritated
to allow of their being introduced into the system through it.
T h e composition of the common enemata is (1) salt; (2)
Molasses; (3) Lard or Olive Oil; (4) Warm water; (5)
Oleum Ricini. The oil of turpentine, asafoetida have also been
used as ingredients.
118. Epispastic; (or Vesicant): —See also Counter-
irritants; Ruhejacients: — (Doshaghnalepa); {Hindi:—Upame-
loali); {See:—Dane paida kamewali):—A vesicatory or sub-
stance, which applied locally to the skin, produces a blister,
causing redness of the surface; E.g. Cantharides; Ammonia;
Burgandy pitch; Mustard.
119. Errhines: — (Shirovirochaneeya); {Hindi:—Chink
lanewali ya nuzla hahadenewali):—See also:—Sternutatory:'—
Medicines that, applied to the mucous membrane of the nose,
increase nasal secretion without causing sneezing, as the
vapour of Ammonia, Acetic Acid, etc. There are others, which
act reflexly, through the Trigeminal nerve causing sneezing,
and are called "Sternutatories", e.g. Tobacco.
120. Escharotic:—S e e :—Caustic: — (Chhadaneeya);
(Hindi: Katnewali; Dagnewali; Khaj kai-newali). See also—:
Caustjics: a substance, when applied to the skin produces an
ulcer or applied to any part of the body, destroys the vitality
of the part or destroys tiie tissues, to which it is applied, and
causes sloughing and inflammation of the sui-rounding area;
caustic drugs that eat oE fungoid growth or excessive granu-
lations; e.g., Blue-stone; i:(lnar Caustic; Solution of Chloride
of Zinc; Strong Mineral Acids; Soda; Potash; Sulphate of
Potassa, Chloride and Peroxide or Potassium; Peroxide of
Iron, Lime, etc., Arsenious acid.
121. EvacuanU—See:—Purgatives; Cathartics; Ape-
rients; Laxatives.
122. Excitant:—^A remedy that stimulates the activity of
an organ.
 520 T H E INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

123. Exhilarant:—An agent to enliven and cheer the

mind,
124. Expectorants:— (Shvasakhasahara); {Hind: —
Khansi aur dame ko dur kamewali): —^Remedies acting upon
the pulmonary membranes that promote or alter expectora-
tion; drugs which stimulate and expel the bronchial mucus or
secretions, (of the organs of respiration) and help their ex-
pulsion. Actions of these are manifold and complicated: —
either reflex, local, or central. E^.g., Antimony; Ipecacuanha;
Squills; Ammoniacum; Tolu; Garlic; Lenega. They act: —
(1) By relieving spasm, of the bronchial tubes, as Lobelia, Opium;
Stramonium; Tobacco, etc.
(2) By mechanically dislodging it in the act of vomiting, at the
same time, thinning the secretion, as all Emetics in large doses, notably
Antimony; Hippo; etc,
(3) By increasing t h e flow from the inflamed m e m b r a n e , through
*i4heir effects upon its gland-cells, as all the emetic class in small doses—
Nauseating or depressant expectorants, as Apomorphine; Pilocarpine;
Emetine and T a r t a r Emetic.
(4) By stimulating the m e m b r a n e in the act of their elimination,
t h e y so alter the secretion, that expectoration is r e n d e r e d easy, as
Ammonia, Senega, Ammoniacum, and a host of volatile substances,
notably the Onion, Tar, Turpentine, Balsams, Asafoetida, etc. S t i m u -
lating Expectorants:—Iodine of Potassium by liquefying the secretion,
is a valuable expectorant.
* (5) By soothing the irritable respiratory centre. Morphine and
Chloral m a y act as expectorants, and r e n d e r the expulsion painless.
(6) By acting through the impression produced on the nerves of'
t h e mouth, many substances aid expectoration. (See:—Ciliary exci-
tants) .
(7) By stimulating the respiratory centre, and strengthening the
nmscles of t h e expulsive mechanism; Strychnine and Atropine may act
as t r u e expectorants.
125. Febrifuge:—See:—"Antipyretic"; "Antiperiodic";
"Antiseptic"; (Jvarankusa); (Hindi:—Bukhar ko dur karne-
-wa-roknewali). An agent that lessens fever. (Included
among diaphoretics and diuretics); E.g., Antimonials; Quinine;
Mineral Acids; Arsenic.
126. Fragrants: —Medicines having fragrant odour.
127. Galactafuge:—See:—Laetifuge.
128." Galactagogue or Lactagogue or Lactiferous. (Stanya-
janana); (Hind:—Dudh Barha^iewali):—An agent that in-
creases the secretion of milk in the breast (lacteal secretion);
some of them are applied locally, while others are given
internally; e.g., Chlorate of Potassium; Fennel, etc.
129. Germicide:—See:—"Disinfectant"; "Bactericide":—
That which destroys germs and worms; a microbicide.
 APPENDICES 521

130. Germijiige:—See:—Germicide. An agent that ex-

pels germs.
131. Gktcosides:—Crystalline substances, which on
hydrolysis, yield glucose and another substance which is
usually an aromatic body.
132. Haematics^ —See: —Haematinics.
133. Haematinics:—Or Haeraatics: — (Raktaslwdhaka);
(Hind:—Khun sa} karnewali), are also termed "Blood
tonics." Are blood tonics, which either directly or indirectly
improve the quantity and quality of red blood corpuscles and
haemoglobin in it; e.g., Iron and its preparations; Manganese;
Cod Liver Oil; Free Phosphorus; Lime Phosphates; Potassium
in small doses.
134. Ha'emostatics: —See: —Styptics: — (Shonitasthapana;
Raktapittahara; (Hind:—Khun band karnewali): See also: —
Styptics. Medicines taken internally that arrest or restrain
bleeding, or haemorrhage by contracting the blood vessels.
(Included in Astringents); e.g., Calcium Salts; Serum.
Adrenalin the active principfle of supra-renal gland—Gelatin,
and chloride of Calcium, are the best examples. Ergot,
Turpentine and lead Salts were supposed to act in the same
way. Haemostatics act when given internally; whilst Styptics
act locally.
135. Helminthic; See:—Anthelmintic.
136. Hydragogue:—See:—Purgatives; Aperients, etc. A
medicine, which causes free secretion (fluid of dropsy, etc.),
from the intestinal glands and removes much serum from the
blood-vessels, producing fluid of watery motions or evacua-
tions. E.g., Gamboge; Calomel.
137. Hypnotic; See:—Soporifics; (Nidrakari); {Hind: —
Nind lanewali) (included in cerebro-spinants): —Drugs or
measures that cause or maintain sleep without causing preli-
minary cerebral excitement. E.g., Hops; Henbane; Morphia;
Poppy; Sulphonal; Chloral; Paraldehyde; Urethene etc.
(See:^Narcotic; Soporific; Somnifacient).
138. Insecticide:—A substance destructive to insects.
139. Insectifuge: —See: —Insecticide.
• 140. Irritant:—That which induces irritation or inflam-
mation.
141. Irritant and Coxmter-irritants are certain substances,
drugs or measures employed to produce irritation artificially
 522 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

in some part of the body with the view of diminishing, counter-

acting or removing irritation or inflammation in some
neighbouring part.
142. Lactagogue:—See:—"Galactagogue"; Lactiferous.
(Hind:—Dudh Barhanewali)-
' 1 4 3 . Lactifuge:—That which lessens the secretion of milk.
144. Laxative: — (Svalpabhedana); (Hindi:—Dast Khol
harnewali): —An agent that loosens the bowels; mild purga-
tive. E.g., Manna; Tamarinds; Castor Oil; Sulphur; Petro-
leum; Magnesia.
145. Lithonlytic:—See:—Lithonthryptic.
146. Lithonthryptic or Lithontriptic:—See:—Antilithic: —
A medicine supposed to possess the power of dissolving various
concretions in the body, i.e., in the urinary tract, as the acids
, for phosphatic and the \alkalies for uric acid calculi.
147. Lubricants:—Substances capable of reducing fric-
tion between bearing surfaces in the relative motion, either by
"virtue of separating them by a viscous fluid film (oil) or by
an unctuous solid (graphite), or by providing an absorbed
layer of p>olarised oil molecules at the metallic surfaces.
148. Masticatory:—An agent, which when chewed in-
creases the flow of saliva.
149. Microbicide: —See: —Germicide.
• 150. Mydriatics: — (Netrdvisteenayoga); (Hind:—Ankh
ki putli ko phailanewali): —Medicines that cause dilatation
of the pupil and paralysis of the ciliary muscle, and temporary
loss of accommodation; e.g., Atropine; Duboisine; Belladonna;
Hematropine; Daturine; etc., are generally used for their local
action.
151. Myotic: — (Netrakashitayoga); (Hind:—Ankh ki
putli ko Sakoi-newali):—Medicines causing contraction of the
pupil and dimunition of ocular tension; e.g., Eserine; Calabar
hean; pilocarpine, etc.
152. Narcotics: — (Nidrakari); (Hind:—Nind la.ne-
laali): —poisonous substances that chiefly influence the brain;
drugs that produce unconsciousness or narcosis or stupor or
induce sleep by its action on the cerebrum.
Narcotics are also medicines which stupefy and diminish the activity
of t h e nervous system. Given in small doses, they generally act a s
stimulants, b u t an increased dose produces a sedative effect. Narcotics
a r e to be distinguished by their initial or preliminarv exciting stage
from p u r e Hypnotics like Chloral and Bromide of Potassium, etc.;
amongst t h e m are Opium; Morphine; Chloroform; Indian H e m p ; A l c o -
hol, Camphor and Ether.
 APPENDICES 523

See:—Hypnotics; Soporifics; Anodynes; Sedatives; Somnifacients

and cerebral Stimulants.
153. Nauseant: —^Any agent that produces nausea.
154. Nervines: — (Hind:—Rag-o-reshon men hal karne-
luali): —Remedies that calm nervous excitement or act favour-
ably on nervous diseases and nervous system. The term
includes Narcotics; Anaesthetics; Hypnotics; Excito-motors;
etc.
155. Nutritives or Nutrients:—Nourishing (Hindi: —
Ghiza pahun chanawali) medicines included in tonics and
stimulants. E.g.:—Sago; Sugar.
i56. Oxytocics:—See:^—Ecbolics:—Drugs that hasten
child birth by stimulating uterine contractions; e.g., Ergot;
Hydrastics; Quinine.
157. Parasiticide: —See: —"Antiparasitic": — (Krimighna)
(Hind:—Bahar ke kiromarnewali) :—Destructive of para-
sites,—anirnal as well as vegetable, which infest the human
body. See also Germicides.
158. Parasitotropics are ideal disinfectants, which exert
a maximum action on the micro-organisms, and a minimum
action on the body tissues; these will be soluble in water
or will forrn a uniform emulsion in all proportions, rapid in
action and non-corrosive to metals.
159. Paregorics: —See: —Sedatives: —are medicines
which actually assuage pain; e.g., Compound tincture of
"Camphor; Henbane; Hops; Opium.
160. Parturifacients:—See:—"Ecbolics":—Medicines or
Agents that induce parturition, i.e., giving birth to young.
161. Pectoral: — (Kasa?iora) :—A medicine useful in
diseases of the respiratory tract.
162. Preservatives:—Substances added to foodstuffs to
inhibit decay.
163. Prophylactics are remedies employed to prevent the
attack of any particular disease; e.g., Quinine.
164. Ptyalogogue or PtySmagogue:—See:—Sialogogue: —
A medicine which causes salivation.
165. Purgative: — (Virechaneeya) ; (Hind:—Kara
julab):—A medicine producing, or increasing or hastening,
intestinal (from the bowels) evacuations. See:—Cathartics;
Evacuants; Aperients. E.g., Senna; Rhubarb, Jalap; Colo- •
cjmth; Buckthorn; Aloes; Cream of tartar; Scammony; Calo-
mel; Epsom sals; (Glauber's) salts; Sulphate of Potash;
Venice Turpentine.
 524 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

m. Pustulant:-(Mahalepa); (Hind:-Phapoke dal

denewali):—An irritant substance, which does not affect the
whole skin alike, but especially irritates isolated portions and
gives rise to the formation of pustules.
167. Refrigerants:—See also:—Antipyretics : — (Daha-
nashaka) (Hind:—Pias hujhanewali):—Medicines having
cooling properties on the surface of the body, or lowering
bodily temperature, and which quench thirst, and medicines
which suppress an unnatural heat of the body. These are
thus local or internal. E.g., Seville Oranges; Lemons; Tama-
rinds; Nitre; Cream of Tartar; Vegetable acids; Some Mineral
acids (much diluted), and many Diaplioretics.
168. Resolvents: — (See:—Absorptives; Discutients): —
These which cause the absorption of inflammatory or other
Swellings. These appear to act by stimulating the lymphatics,
vas Iodine, Ammoniacum, etc.
169. Restoratives:—Medicines, cordials, or foods, which
exist already in the healthy blood or tissues, and are given in
diseases, where the system is supposed to be deficient in them,
and would be efficacious in restoring one to health and vigour;
E.g., Iron, Potash; Phosphorus, Chloride of Sodium etc. These
are identical with Haematinics, (which see).
170. Revulsive:—^An agent designed to withdraw the
blood from or counteract the tendencies toward a morbid focus
or process.
171. Rubefacient :— (Bareeyalepana); Hind :— Lai
chakatte dal-denewali):—See:—Counter-irritants. A remedy
when externally applied, by irritation of the ends of the nerves
of the skin, causes distension of the capillaries, inflammation
and reddening of the skin, and increases the blood flow of the
part; E.g., Mustard; Cayenne Pepper; Oil of Turpentine:
'Liquor Ammonia.
172. Salicylates:—^^Any salts of Salicylic acid: E.g., Sali-
cylates of Ammonium; Atropin; Bismuth; Caffein; Cinchodin;
Lithium; Methyl; Physostigmin; Quinin; and Sodium etc.,
have been employed in medicine, especially in rheumatic affec-
tions.
173. Salines:—See:'—Laxatives: Purgatives.
174. Saponins:—These are a variety of glucosides which
form froth when shaken with water, and which are used to
emulsify oils and resins. Some are very •poisonous and are
termed Sapotoxins.
175. Saporific:—An agent giving a taste.
 APPENDICES 525

176. Sapotoxins: — (See:—Saponins). Active proplasmic

poisons obtained from Saponins. They are glucosides.
177. Sclerosing agents are drugs used for producing in-
flammation of tlie endothilial lining of the varices and are
therefore largely used in the injection treatment of varicose
veins.
178. Sedatives : — (See: —Depressants ) : — (Shulahara);
(Hind: —Sulaiir jalan dur karnewali): —Agents that exert a
soothing effect by lowering functional activity; drugs which
quiet the nervous system without actually producing sleep;
E.g., Bromides; Aconite. See:—Cerebro-spinants.
Sedatives or Depressants are medicines which depress action of the
(1) nervous system, as tobacco; lobelia; Bromide of Potassium; Aconite,
etc. (2) the circulatory system, as aconite, veratrum; Prussic Acid, etc.
(3) the spinal cord, as Calabar bean, etc.
Sedatives are classified as under:—
(1) Arterial or General. (2) Cardiac. (3) Nervine. (4) Pulmo-
nary or Respiratory. (5) Gastric. (6) Urinary. (7) Uterine.
Cardiac Sedative: (Hind:—Hirde ke dard ke dur karnewali).
Local Sedative:—(Hindi:—Sul dur karnewala lep).
Respiratory Sedative:—(Hindi:—Phepre wa sans ki na liyon ki so
zish dui karnewali).
Nervine Sedative:—(Hind:—Bai ke tez dardon ko dur karnewali).
Gastric Sedative:—Hind:—Khatti dakar wa mede ke dard dur karne-
wali).
Arterial Sedatives are medicines which reduce the vital action of the
heart and arteries.
179. Sialagogue or Ptyalagogue: — (Lalavardhdka);
(Hind:—Ral-harhanewali wa thuk barhanewali):—Producing
or increasing a flow or secretion of spittle or saliva, by exciting
the salivary glands, either by a local irritation of the mouth,
causing reflex activity of the glands; E.g., Pellitory; Mezereon;
Tobacco; Mustard; Capsicum; etc., or by exciting the glands
during their elimination, as Pilocarpine; Muscarine; all the
preparations of Mercury; Iodide of Potassium etc. These are
either local or general.
180. Somnifacient: A medicine producing sleep; See: —
Hypnotic; Narcotic; Soporific.
181. Soporific: (Hind:—Nind lanewali)::—^An agent
that induces sleep. E.g., Hops.
182. Sorhefacient:—^An agent that induces absorption.
183. Spasmodic:—Pertaining to convulsions or spasms.
184. Stereoptenes: —Solid volatile oils.
 526 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

185. Sternutatory:— (Chhikkakari): (Hind:— Chhinlc

lanewali; ya nazla hahadenewali):—See:—Errhine. A drug
or compound that causes sneezing by the local irritating action
on the nasal mucous membrane; E.g., Tobacco; Hellabore;
Ginger; Capsicum; and Ipecacvxanha, in powder.
186. Stimulants: — (Agnisthapaneeya); (Hind: —Uksane-
wali):—See also: Counter-irritants. Agents exciting even
briefly the normal activity or depressed functions or oi-ganic
action of any part of the system, or some process of the eco-
nomy; substances that increase vital energy and the force of
the action of heart and circulatory system.
The term "Stimulant" is frequently erroneously used as a synonym
for alcohol and its preparations, which a r e t r u e narcotics. U n d e r this
Jiead, may be included a great n u m b e r of remedial agents. The s u b -
j . divisions are vague and misleading; t h u s there a r e medicines vifhich e x -
Vcite the spinal cord, as Strychnine, Phosphorus, etc., such a r e called
spinal stimulants: others exalt the functions of the liver, as Cholagogues;
others, the intestines, as Calomel, Epsom Salt, etc.; others t h e circulatory
sysem, as Digitalis, Belladonna etc.; others, t h e stomach as carminatives
and spices etc.; others, the skin. These latter are called external s t i m u -
lants, a n d include all the counter-irritants.
.(1) Arterial stimulants; e.g., Cayenne Pepper; Oil of T u r p e n t i n e ;
Phosphorus; Carbonate of Ammonia.
(2) Cerebral Stimulants or Narcotics; e.g.. Alcohol; Opium; Moi--r-
phia; Camphor; Stramonium, (leaves, roots, and seeds),
(3) Nei-vine or nervous stimulants:—(Hind:—Nariyon ka bal
barhanewali):—exciting nervous system; E.g., Musk; Castoreum; A s s a -
foetida; Caifeine; Strychnine.
(4) Stomachic Stimulants:—(Hind:—Mede k e k a m ko b a r h a n e w a l i ) .
See:—Aromatics.
(5) Circulatory Stimulant:—(Hind:—Khun k i Saliyon m e n achhi
t a r a h k h u n b a h a n e w a l i ) ; E.g. Adrenaline.
(9) Local Stimulants:—(Hindi:—Indriyon ke taqat denewali):—Com-
prise of Laxatives, Emetics; Purgatives: Diuretics; Diaphoretics; R u b e -
facients; Expectorants; Sialagogues;. Epispastics.
(10) General Stimulants a r e sub-divided into two classes:— .
(a) Diffusible and ( b ) P e r m a n e n t . The first comprising Narcotics
and Antispasmodics, and tlie second Tonics and Astringents.
187. Stomachic : — (Kshudhavardhaneeeya) (Hirid : —
Bhuk barhanewali). A stimulant increasing or exciting the
secretion of gastric juice, functional activity of the stomach, by
improving the tone of stomach to promote appetite and diges-
tion. (Included in Stimulants and tonics); E.g., Bitters; Car-
minatives like Gentian. These are both direct and indirect.
188. Styptics:—(Rakthasthambana). See:—Haemosta-
tics; (Hind:—Khun band karnewali). Medicines that cause
vascular contraction of the blood vessels or coagulating the
 APPENDICES 52T

albuminous tissues of the blood, and checks haemorrhage; E.g.,

Adrenaline; Alum; Iron salts; (perchloride of Iron); Kino;
Friar's balsam; Extract of Lead; Ice; Tannic Acid; Chloride of
Zinc; Creosote.
189. Sudarifics -.—See :—"Diaphoretics" (Ugrasveda-
neeya); (Hind:—Bahut zor se posiiiia laueioali). Inducing
profuse sweating; medicine that moistens the skin; are mild
Diaphoretics;- E.g., Ipecacuanha; Antimony; Jame's powder;
Ammonia.
190. Taeniacide or Teniacide, is a drug that destroys tape-
worms. See: —Anthelmintic.
191. Terehinthinate:—Comprising of gums and resins.
192. Tonics: — {Hindi:—Taqat Denewcdi):—are strictly
speaking medicines, which permanently increase the tone of
the part upon which they act, as well as improve the entire
general tone of the system, jointly and severally, by stimulat-
ing the nutrition. The term is too vague to convey any special
meaning. Their operation, in all cases, is general; e.g.,
Quassia; Gentian; Camomile; Wormwood; Angostura bark.
Tonics are classified as: —Of animal origin; pure bitters; bitters
peculiar in- properties; aromatics and mineral tonics. Thus it
may be on the stomach, as the pure vegetable bitters and all
stomachics; or, on the cord, as Strychnine; or on the heart, as
Digitalis; or on the nervous system, as quinine and the vale-
rianates; or on the muscular tissues, as Tannic acid; or on the
circulating fluid, as Iron.
Stomachic tpnic: (Hind:—Khub hhuk laganewali);
Intestinal tonic: (Hind:—Ant antariyon ko pusht karne-
wali);
Cardiac tonic: (Hind:—Dilko taqat denewali);;
Blood tonic: (Hind:—Khun barhanewali).
193. Tridoshaharatn:—Annihilator of 'Tridosha' (Vata,
Pitta, and Kapha).
194. Vacc,ines are sterilised suspensions of organisms,
living or dead in normal saline, which, when injected into a
man, or animal, provokes formation of immunity or antibody,
which directly or indirectly, either destroy the infecting orga-
nisms, or neutralise the toxin produced by these organisms.
' 195. Vasoconstrictors:—These are agents, which increase
the contraction of the smaller vessels by acting uon their mus-
cular fibres, raising thereby the blood-pressure and lessening
circulation; they are used to check haemorrhage and reduce
inflammation.
 528 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

196. Vaso-dilators:—Drugs, which produce dilatation of

the peripheral vessels, and the arterioles, lower the blood-
pressure, and thus relieve the heart, increase circulation and
equalise blood-pressure; they are therefore used to relieve
internal congestion and also to relieve the embarrassed condi-
tion of the heart.
197. Vermicide. (Hind:-^Kiremarnewaili); See also: —
Anthelmintics:—That which kills intestinal worms.
198. Vermifuge: — (Hind:—Kiremamewali); See also: —
Anthelmintics: —^That which expels intestinal worms, though it
may not have power to cause their death.
199. Vesicant or Vesicatory; (Teekshnalepana); (Hind:
—Dane paida kamewali).—^A blistering agent or application;
E.g. Strong liquid Ammonia.—See:—Epispastics; Counter-
*>^-irritants.
200. Vesicatory:—See:—Vesicant; Epispastic.
201. Vulnerary: A remedy useful in healing wounds.
 INDEX—LIST OF PLANTS IN THIS BOOK
ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THEIR
NATURAL ORDERS:—
N.B.:—Typical Examples of each Natural Order appear with
Asterisk Marks

1. ACANTHACEAE:— 18. Dilivaria ilicifolia, Juss.

See:— Acanthus ilicifo-
1. *Acanthus ilicifolius, lius.
Linn. See:—Dilivaria ili- 19. Ecbolium elaterium, A.
cifolia, Juss. Rich.
2. *Adhatoda Vasica, Ne6s. 20. Ecbolium linneanum,'
3. Andrographis echiodes, Kurz. See:— Justicia
Nees. ecbolium.
4. *Andrographis paniculata, 21. Gendarussa vulgaris,
Nees. Nees. See:— Justicia
5. *Asteracantha longifolia, gendarussa, Linn.
Nees. See:— Hygrophila
spinosa, T. Anders. 22. Graptophyllum hortense,
8. Asystasia coromande- Nees. See:— Grapto-
liana, Nees. See:— A. phyllum pictum; Justicia
gangetica. picta.
7. B a r l e r i a courtallica, 23. Graptophyllum pictum,
JVees. L. Gri§. Sfee::—Grapto-
8. *Barleria cristata, Linn. phyllum hortenSe; Justi-
See:— B. dichotoma. cia picta.
9. Barleria dichotoma. 24. Gymnpstachyum febri-
Roxh. See:— Barleria fugum, Bentk. See:— G.
cristata. alatum.
10. Barleria longiflora, Linn. 25. Haplanthus tentaculatus,
See:— Hygrophila spi- JVees.
nosa. 26. Haplanthus verticiUaris,
11. Barleria noctiflora, Linn. Nees.
12. *Barleria prionitis, Linn. 27. Hygrophila obovata.
13. Barleria strigosa, Willd.
14. Blepharis eduhs, Pers. 28. Hygrophila ringens.
15. Blepharis moUuginifolia, 29. *Hygrophila spinosa, T.
Pers. Anders. H. longifoUa,
16. Daedalacanthus roseus, See:— Astercantha lon-
r . Anders. gifolia; Rubia longifolia.
17. Dicliptera roxburghiana, 30- Justicia adhatoda, See:—
Nees. Adhatoda vasica, Adha-
34
530 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

toda bivalvis; Justicia 49. Rungia parviflora, Nees.

bivalvis. See:—R. pectinata.
31. Justicia bivalvis, See:— 50. *Rungia repens. Wees &
Adhatoda vasica. WiglU. See:—Justicia
32. Justice ecbolium, See:— repens.
Ecbolium linnesinum, 31. Strobilanthes auricula-
Kurz. tus, Nees.
33. *J u s t i c i a gendarussa, 52. Strobilanthes Callosus,
Burm, Nees, Linn. Nees. See:—S. graha-
See:— Gendarussa vul- mianus, Wight.
garis. 53. Strobilanthes ciliatus,
34. Justicia nasuUa, See:— Nees. See:—S. callosus.
Rhinacanthus commu-
munis. '
35. Justicia paniculata, See:
—AndrographJs panicu- 2. AIZOACEAE.
lata. 1. Mollugo lotoides, O. kze.
36. Justicia picta, Linn. &
Roxb. See:—Adhatoda
vasica; Graptophyllum
pictum & G. hortense.
37. Justicia procumbens, 3. ALANGIACEAE.
Linn, 1. Alangium lamarkii, Thw-
38. Justicia repens, See: — aites.
Rumgia repens.
39. Justicia Tranquebarien-
sis.
40. Justicia zeylonsesium. 4. ALGAE.
41. *LepidagatMs cristata,
WiM & Wight. 1. Chlondrus ciispus, Lyng-
42. Neuracanthus lawii, bye. ^
. Wight. See:—Neuracan- 2. Fucus distichus, Linn.
thus sphaerostachyus. 3. Fucus nodosus, Limi.
43. Neuracanthus Sphaeros- 4. Fucus vesiculosus, Linn.
tachyus, Dalz. See:—N. same as F. distichus.
lawiL 5. Gelidium cartilagineum,
44. Peristrophe bicalycula- Gaill. See:—Gracilaria li-
ta, Nees. chenoides; Ficus or Fucus
45. Phlogacanthus thyrsi- vesiculosus; Luminaria di-
florus, Nees. gilara.
46. Rhinacanthus communis, 6. *G r a c iiaria lichenoides,
Nees. See:—Justicia Grev. See:—Gelidium car-
nasulla, R. nasuta. tilagineum; Luminaria di-
47. *Ruellia prostrata, var: gilara.
—dejecta. 7. L u m i n a ria saccharina.
48. R u e 11 i a suffruticosa, Lam, & L. Digitata & L.
Roxb. potatorium.
 INDEX 531

5. ALISMACEAE. 17. Amaranthus viridis, Linn.

1. S a g i 11 a ria sagitlif olia, 18. *Celosia argentea, Linn.
Linn. & Willd. See:—C. cristata, Linn, or
Haines.
6. AMARANTHACEAE ^^ Celosia cristata,
See:—Amaranthus pbly-
Linn.
or AMARANTACEAE. gamus.
1. *Achyranthes aspera,
Linn,
2. *Aerva lanata, Juss. See: 7, AMARYLLIDACEAE.
—A. floribunda.
3. *Altemanthera echinata. 1. *Agave Americana, Linn.
4. *Altemanthera sessilis, R. 2. Agave cantala, Roxb.
Br. or Linn. See:—^A. 3. Agave Veracruz, Mill.
triandra. 4. Agave vivipara, Linn &
5. Amaranthus anardana, Wight. See:—A- angusti-
Hamilt. folia.
6. Amaranthus blitum, 5. Agave wightii, Prain.
Linn. See:—A. angustifolia.
7. Amaranthus 'candatus, 6. Amaryllis zeylanicum,
Linn. See:—-Crinum asiaticum.
8. Amaranthus farinaceus, 7. *Crinum asiaticum, Linn-
Roxb. See:—C. toxicarium,
9. Amaranthus frumenta- 8. C r i n u m braceteatum;
ceus, Ham. See:—A. pa- See:—Crinum asiaticum.
niculatus. • ^ 9 . *Crinum deflexum, Ker.
10. Amaranthus gangeticus, or, C- Asiaticum; C, brac-
Linn. See:—A. oleraceus; teatum; C. toxicarium, or
A. melancholicus. Amaryllis zeylanicum.
11. Amaranthus hypochond- in •''Crinum latifolium, Linn.
riacus, Linn, See:—C. zeylanicum.
12. Amaranthus mangosta- i i Crinum toxicarium, Roxb.
nus, Linn. See:—C. Asiaticum-
13. Amaranthus oleraceus 12. Crinum zeylanicum, Linn.
Linn. & Willd. See:—A
Similar to C. asiaticum.
Gangticus; var. oleracea,
Hook. V See:-r-C. latifolium.
C u r c u ligo orchioides,
14. Amaranthus paniculatus,
Miq., & Linn^. See:—^A. Gaertn. & C- uncifolia.
frumentaceus, or A. ana- See:—Hypoxis brevifolia
cardan or A. farinaceus- & H. orchioides, or C.
15. Amaranthus polygamus, malabarica.
WUld. or A. hypochon- 14 Curculigo uncifolia. See:
driacus. See:—A. tristis. —Hypoxis brevifolia and
16- Amaranthus tristis, Linn. H. orchioides.
& Willd. See:—A. poly- 15 Hypoxis brevifolia- See:—
gamus. Curculigo o r c h i o i d e s ,
 532 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Gaertn. Hypoxis orchioi- 15. Nothopegia hesmeara,

des. Gamble.
16. Hypoxis orchioides, Kurz. 16. *Odina woodier, Roxb.
See:—^Hypoxis brevifolia, See:—^Rhus odina; Lan-
Kurz. Curculigo orchioi- nea grandis.
des. 17. Pistacia cabuhca. See:—
17. Narcissus tazetta, Linn. Pistacia khinjuk; Pistacia
18. *Polianthes tuberosa, Linn. mutica; Pistacia terebin-
thus-
8. ANACARDIACEAE. 18. Pistacia integerrima, Ste-
wart. See:—P. kinjuk;
1. *Anacardium occidentale, Rhus succedania; Rhus
Linn. kakra singee.
2. Buchanania augustifolia, 19. Pistacia khinjuk. Stocks.
Roxb. See:—^Pistacia cabuhca;
3. Buchanania lancifoha. Pistacia mutica; Pistacia
4. Buchanania 1 a n z a n, terebinthus; Pistacia in-
Spreng. See:—^B- latifolia. tegerrima. Rhus kukra
5. Buchanania l o t i f o l i a , singee; R. succedania.
. Roxb. See:—B. lanzan; 20. Pistacia lentiscus, Linn-
Spondias elUptica. 21. Pistacia mutica, See:—
5a. Cassuvium pomiferum, Pistacia terebinthus, Linn.
Lam. Pistacia cabuhca. Pistacia
* 5b. Chironji sapida.' khinjuk.
6.. H o l i g a r n a arnottiana, 22. Pistacia terebinthus, Linn.
Hook- See:—^H. longifo- See:—^I^stacia mutica; P .
lia. cabuhca; P. khinjuk.
7. Holigarna longifolia, W. 23. Pistacia vera, Linn.
& A., & Roxb. See:—H. 24. Rhus coriaria, Linn.
arnottiana. 25. Rhus insignis. Hook.
8. HoUgarna nigra, Bourd. 26. Rhus kakrasingi or ka-
9. Mangifera domestica- krasingee Royle. See:—
See:—:Mangifera indica; Pistacia integerrima.
Mangifera montana. 27. Rhus odina, See:—Odina
10. *Mangifera indica, Linn. woodier; Lannea grandis.
M. montana; M. domes- 28. Rhus parviflora, Roxb.
tical 29. Rhus semi-alata, Morr.
11. Mangifera montana. See:- 30. Rhus succedanea, Linn.
Mangifera indica; Mangi- Similar to Pistacea inte-
fera domestica. gerrima; R. acuminata.
fera domestica. Rhus wallichii, Hook.
12- Mangifera sylvatica. 31.
*Semecarpus anacardium,
13. Melanorrhoea usitata, 32. Linn.
Wall.
14. Nothopegia colebroo- 33. Spondias acimiinata.
kiana, Bl. See:—^N. hey- 34. Spondias ekminut; See:—
neara, Gamble. Spondias mangifera.
 INDKX 533

35. Spondias elliptica, See:— 5. Alstonia spectabilis, R.

Biichanafiia latifolia, Br.
Roxb. 6. Alstonia venenatus, R.
36. *S p o n d i a s mangifera, Br.
Willd. See:—S. ekminut; .^ Alyxia stellata, Rom- &
S. pinnata. „'
37. Spondias pinnata, Kurz- Apocymene frutescens,
See:—S. mangifera & See:—^Ichnocarpus fru-
Mangifera pinnata. S, ^Sch.
ekminut. ^ tescens; Echites frutes-
cens; Asclepias pseudo-
9. ANNONACEAE. or sarsa; var. latifolia;
ANONACEAE. Smilax chinensis or china.
9. Capparis corundas, See:—
1. Annona cherimblia, Mill. Carissa carandas; Echites
2. *Annona muricata, Linn. spinosa.
3. *Annona reticulata, Linn. 10. '"Carissa carandas, Linn.
4. *Annona squamosa, Linn. See:—Capparis corundas.
5. *Artabotrys suaveolens, j j , Cerbera manghas, See:—
Blume. Cerbera odoUam.
6. Bocagea dalzellii, HK. &
Thorns. See:—Sageraea ^^• *Cerbera odollam, Gaertn.
laurifolia. See:—C. manghas; C.
7. *Polyalthia longifolia, Quarternif olia.
BeTVth & Hook- 13. Cerbera quarternifolia,
8. *Unona narum, Dun. See:- See:—Cerbera odollam.
Uvaria narum. Wall.' !•*• '"Cerbera thevetia, Linn.
9. Uvaria luvido, See:— & Don- See:—^Thevetia
Uvaria narum. Wall. neriifolia, Jvss.
Unona narum, Dun. ' -'^• Chenomorha antidysen-
10. Uvaria narum. Wall, or terica. See:—Holarrhena
Bl. See:—^Uvaria luvido; antidysenterica & pubes-
Unona narum, Dun. cens; Echites antidysen-
11- Uvaria odoratissima. See: terica.
—Artabofrys odoratissi- !"• Chenemorpha m a c r o-
mus & Unona narum, Dun. phylla, G. Don.
17. Echites antidysenterica.
See:—Holarrhena anti-
10. APOCYNACEAE. dysenterica. Holarrhena
1. Aganosma calycina, A. pubescens. Chenomara
DC. antidysenterica-
2. Aganosma caryophyllata, 18. Echites dichotoma, Roxb-.
G. Don. See:—A, dicho- See:—^Vallaris heynei.
toma. 19. Echites frutescens. See:—
3. *Allamanda cathartica, Ichnocarpus frutescens.
Linn' 20. Echites spinosa, See:—
4. *Alstonia scholaris. R. Br. Capparis corundas.
534 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

21. *Holarrhena antidysente- 36. Plumeria acuminata.

rica, Wall. See:—^H. pub- See:—P. alba & P . acuti-
escens; Chonomorha anti- folia.
dysenterica; Echites anti- 37. *Plumeria acutifolia, Poir,
dysenterica- See:—^Plumeria acumi-
22. Holarrhena pubescens, nata.
See:—Hollarrhena anti-
dysentirica. Chenomorha 38. Plumeria alba, Linn-
antidysentirica. 39. *Rauwolfia serpentina,
23. Hunteria corymbosa, Benth. S e e : - r O i ^ o x y l o n
Roxh. serpentinum, Linn,
24. Ichnocarpus frutescens, 40. Rhazya stricta, DC.
R. BT' Similar to Hemi- 41. Strop&anthus dichoto-
desmus indica. See:— mus, DC.
Apocymene frutescens; 42. Tabernaemontana coro-
Echites, frutescens; As- naria, Br. & Willd- See:—
clepias pseudosarsa var. Nerium devaricatum; T.
latifolia; Smilax chinen- heyneana; Ervatamia co-
sis or China. ronaria, Stapf.
25. Kopsia flavida, Blume. 43. Tabernamontana crispa.
26. Leuconotis eugenifolia,
Dc. 44. Tabernamontana dicho-
27. Melodinus monogynus, toma, Roxh. See:—^Erva-
Roxh. tamia dichotoma, Roxh.
28- Nerium antidysentericam 45. Tabernamontana hey-
or cum. neana. Wall. Use similar
29. Nerium devaricatum. to T. coronaria, Willd.
See:— Tabernamontana See:—^Ervatamia hey-
coronaria, Br. T. hey- neana, T.'cooke.
neana. 46. Tabernaemontana sphae-
30. *Nerium odorum, Soland. rocarpa, Blume.
See:—N. oleander; The- 47. Tabernaemontana walli-
vetia nerifolia. chiana, Steud.
31- Nerium psidium, See:— 48. *Thevetia neriifolia, Juss.
Nerium odorum; The- See:—Cerbera thevatia,
vetia nerifolia; Cerebera Don. Nerium odorum, So-
thevetia. land.
32. N e r i u m tinctorium, 49- Trachelospermum fra-
See:—Wrighti tinctoria. grans. Hook.
50. Vallaris 'heynei, Spret^g.
33. N e r i u m ton^entosum, See:—^Echites dichotoma;
Roxh. V. solanacea.
34. Ophioxylon serpentinum, 51. Vallaris pergulana, Burvi.
Linn. See:—^Rauwolfia 52: Vinca pusilla, Murr.
serpentina. See:—^Lochnera pusilla.
35. Parsonsia spiralis, Wall- 53- *Vinca rosea, Linn. See:—
See:—^Heligme rheedei. Lochnera rosea.
 INDEX 535

54. Wrightia antidysenterica, 14. Colocasia indica, See:—

Grah. See:—^Holarrhena Alocasia indica.
antidysenterica, Wall. 15. Colocasia macrorrhiza,
55. ^Wrightia tinctoria, R. Br. Schott.
. See:—Nerium tinctorium; 16. Colocasia virosa, Kunth.
W. rothii. 17. Homalomena aromatica,
Schott. See:—Asclepias
56. *W r i g htia tomentosa, annularis.
Roem & Schult' See:— 18. Lagenandra toxicaria,
Nerium tomentosa. . Dalz. See:—^L. ovata.
19. Lasia spinosa, Thwaites.
11. ARACEAE, also 20. Plesnionium margariti-
known as AROIDACEAE ferum, Schott, See: —
Arum margaritifera. •
1. *Acorus calamus, Linn, or 21. Pothos officinalis. See:—
A. odoratus. See:—Cala- Scindapsus officinalis,
mus aromaticus asiaticus. Schott. Piper chaba.
2. Alocasia indica, Schott. 22- "'Pothos scandens, Linn.
See:—A. montana; Arum 23. Ramusatia v i v i para,
indicum. Schott. See:—Arum vivi-
3- Alocasia macrorrhiza, parum.
Schott. See:—^A. odorum. 24. Rhaphidophora pertusa,
Schott. See:—Pothos per-
4. *Amorphophallus campa- tusa & Scindapsus pertu-
nulatus, Roxh. or Blume. SUS. I
or A. sylvaticiis. 25. ISauromatum, guttatum
5. Arisaema curvatum, , Schott-
Kunth. See:—A- tortuo- 26. Sauromatum pedatutn,
sum. Schott. '
6. Arisaema leschenaultii, 27. Scindapsus officinalis,
Blume. Schott. See:—^Pathos offi-
7. Arisaema murray, (Gra- cinalis; Piper chuba.
ham). Hook. Piper officinarum.
8. Arisaema speciosum,, 'i28. Synantherias sylvatica,
Mart. Schott. See:—Arum syl-
9. Arisaema tortuosum, vaticum.
Schott. See:—A. curva- 29. Typhonium trilobatum,
tum; Arum tortuosum. Linn & Schott.
10. A r u m campanulatus. See:—^T. orixenze.
Sfee:— Amorphophallus
campanulatus.
11. Arum colocasia. 12, ARAUACEAE.
12. Arum indicxim, Roxb. 1. Aralia pseudo-ginseng,
See:—Alocasia indica. Benth. See:—^Panax pseu-
13. *Colocasia antiquorum, do-ginseng.
Schott- See:—C. escu- 2, Arthrophyllum blumea-
lenta; Arum colocasia. num, Zoll. & Mor.
 53C THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

3. Hedera helix. Linn. 8. *Calotropis gigantea, R.Br.

4. Panax fruticosum. Linn. and C. procera, R. Br.
See:—Nothopanax fruti- See:—Asclepias gigantea.
cosum, Miq. 9. Calotropis procera, R. Br.
10. Ceropegia bulbosa, Roxb-
13. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE C. acuminata, C. tuberosa-
11. *Ceropegia tuberosa, Roxh
1- *Aristolochia bracteata, 12. Cosmostigma racemosum,
Retz. Wight.
2. *Aristolochia indica, Linn. 13. *Cryptostegia grandiflora,
3. Aristolochia longa, Lin7i. R. Br.
4. Aristolochia rotunda, 14. Cynanthum or Cynan-
Lirm. chum ipecacuanha, or
5. Aristolochia roxburghiana C. vomitorum. See:—As-
Klotz. clepias asthmatica.
,. See:—A. Tagala. 15. Cynanthum or Cynan^
''' 6- Aristolochia serpentaria, chum vomitorum. See:—
Linn. Cynanchum ipecacuanha.
7. Asarum, europoeum, Linn. Cynanchum Asclepias
8. Bragantia tomentosa, asthmatica.
Blume. 16. *Daemia extensa, R. Br.
9. Bragantia wallichii, R. See:—^Pergularia extensa
Br. or Asclepias echinata.
17; Dregea volubilis, Benth.
14. AROIDEAE. See:—Marsdenia volubi-
1. Dracontium polyphyllum,
lis. •
Linn. 18. Gymnema aurantiacum.
«
19. Gymnema balsamicum.
See:—Pluchea indica.
15. ASCLEPIADACEAE. Less.
1. Asclepias annularis, 20. Gymnema lactiferum.
See:—H o l o s t e m m a 21. Gymnema latifoliiim,
rheedii, Wall. • Wall.
2. Asclepias asthmatica. 22. Gymnema spartum. See:-
3. Asclepias curassavica, leptadenia spartum.
Linm. 23. Gymnema Sylvestre. R.
4. Asclepias echinata, See:— Br. or Asclepias gemi-
Daemia extensa. nata.
4a. Asclepias gigentia, Willd. 24. *Hemidesmus indicus, JR-
5. Asclepias pseudosarasa Br. or Asclepias pseudo-
var., latifolia. See:—He- sarsa, var. latifolia, See:^—
midesmus indicus- Smilax chinenensis ' or
6. Boucerosia auchoriana, Smilax china.
Dene. 25. *Holostemma rheedii, Wall.
7. Boucerosia umbellata, W. See:—Asclepias annula-
& A. ris.
 INDEX 537

26. *Hoya viridiflora, Roxb. 16. ASCOMYCETES.

See:—Dregea volubilis,
Benth. 1- Cerevisiae fermentum.
27- *Leptadenia reticulata, W.
& A. See:—Asclepias 17. BALSAMINACEAE
tuberosa; G y m, n e m a 1. Impatiens balsamina,
aurantiacum. Linn-
28. *Leptadenia spartum, 2. Impatiens chinensis, Linn,
See:—Gymnema spar- 3. Impatiens roylei, Walp.
tum.
29. Marsdenia royleii, Wight. 18. BEGONIACEAE, or
30. Marsdenia tinctoria, R. BEGOMACEAE
Br.
'31. Oxystelma esculentum, 1. *Begonia or Begoina rex,
R' Br. See:—Asclepias Putzeys.
rosea.
32. Pentatropis microphylla, 19. BERBERIDACEAE.
W. and A. 1. *Berberis aristata, DC.
33. Pentatropis spiralis, var. floribunda or B.
Dene. See:—P. chynan- asiatica, Roxh. or B.
choides. lycium, B. coriaria.
34. Periploca aphylla, Dene. 2. Berberis asiatica, Roxh.
35. Periploca indica. See:— 3. Berberis lycium, Royle.
Hemidesmus indicus. See:—B- parkeriana.
36. Periploca sylvestria;. 4. B e r b e r i s nepalensis,
See:—Gymnema syl- Spreng.
vestre. 5. Berberis vulgaris, Linn
37. *Sarcostemma brevistigma or Hook? See:—B. petio-
W. & A. See:—Asclepias laris.
acida. 6. Podophyllum e m o d i.
38. *Sarcostemma interme- Wall.
dium, Dene. (Use same
as S. brevistigma)- 20. BETULACEAE.
39. *Sarcostemma stocksii,
Hook. See:—Sarcostemma 1. Alnus nepalensis, D. Don.
brevistigma. S a r c o s- 2. Alnus nitida, Endl.
temma intermedium. As-
clepias acida. 21. BIGNONIACEAE.
40. Secamone emetica, R. Br. 1. Amphicome emodi, Lindl.
41. *Tylophora asthmatica, W. 2. B i g n o n i a suaveolensj
&A. See:—^Bignonia chelo-
42. Tylophora fasciculata, noides. Heterophragma
Ham.
chelonoides. Heteroph-
43. Tylophora tenuis, Blume. ragma suaveolens- Ste-
44. Tylophora tenuissima, W. reospermum suaveolens,
& A. DC.
538 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

3. Bignonia xylocarpa or nia xylocarpal or Bigno-

xylocarpum. See: — nia xylocarpiim.
Radermachera xylocarpa. 15. Tecoma imdulata, G. Doii.
Stereospermum xylocar- See:—^Tecomella undu-
pum, BentJi, Wight, & lata, Seem.
Hook.
4. Crescentia cujete, Kinn. 22. BIXACEAE.
5. *Dolichandrone falcata, 1. *Bixa orellana, Linn-
Seem.
€. Dolichandrone stipulata, 23. BIXINEAE.
Benth-
7. Heterophragma chelo- 1. Asteriastigma macrocar-
noides, See:—^Heteroph- pa, Bedd.
ragma suaveolens, Big-
nonia suaveolens. Big- 24. BOMBACACEAE.
^ nonia chelonoides. Stere-
ospermum suaveolens. 1. Adansonia digitata, Linn.
8. *Heterophragma r o x- See:—Baobabus digitata.
burghii. DC. See:—Big- 2. Bombax heptaphyUa, See:
nonia quadrilocularis. —Bombax malabarica.
t). Heterophragma suaveo- 3. *Bombax malabaricum,
lens, Heterophragma che- D C See:—^Bombax heptar-
lonoides. See:—^Bignonia phylla, Bombax ceiba-
suaveolens, Bignonia che- 4. Bombax pentadrum, Linn.
lonoides, Stereospermum See:—Ceiba pantandra;
suaveolens, DC- Eriodendron fractuosum.
10. Heylandia latebrosa, DC. 5. *Eriodendron anfractuo-
11. *Oroxylon or Oroxylum sum, DC. See:—1. Ceiba
indicum, Veut. See:— pentamra; 2. Bombax
Colosanthes indica, or ceiba. 3. Bombax pen-
Bignonia indica. tandrum.
12. ^Stereospermum chelo-
noides, C B. Clarke. 25. BORAGINACEAE or
See:—S. tetragonum. BORAGINEAE.
13. * Stereospermum suaveo-
lens. See:—Stereosper- 1. Borago officinalis, Linn.
mum chelonoides. Hete- or Borrago officinalis.
rophragma suaveolens, 2. Caccinia glaues, Savi.
Heterophragma chelonoi- 3. Cissus quadrangularis, ^
des, or Bignonia suaveo- See:—Cissus edulis. Ly-
lens or Bignonia chelonoi- copodium imbricatum.
des. Heliotropium indicum,
14. Stereospermum xylocar- Linn.
pum, Bcnth-, Hook & 4. *Coldenia procumbens,
Wight. See: —Raderma- Linn.
chera xylocarpal,. Bigno- 5. Cordia angustifolia, Don. i
 INDEX 539

8. Cordia latifolia, Roxb. 23. Lithosperraum officinale,

See:—Cordia obliqua. Linn.
7. *Cordia macleodii, Hook, f 24. Lycopodium imbricatum,
See:--Cissus edulis, Cis-
8. Cordia monoica, Roxb' sus quadrangularis- Lyco-
9. *Cordia myxa, Roxb & podium imbricattim. He-
Linn, or Cordia domes- liotropium indicxmi, Linn.
tica, Cordia obliqua, 25. Macrotomia benthami,
Willd. or Cordia latifolia. D. C.
10. Cordia obliqua, Wight. & 26. Macrotomia perennis,
Willd. See:—Var walli- Boiss.
chi, C. B. Clarke- C. lati- 21. Macrotomia s p e c i o s a ,
folia; C. myxa. Aitch et Hemsh.
11. *Cordia rothii, Rom & 28. *Onosma bracteatum, Wall-
Schvlt. 29. Onosma echioides, Linn.
12. Cordia vestita, Hook. 30. Onosma hookeri, Clarke.
13. Ehretia buxifolia, Roxb. 31. Rhabdia lycioides. Mart.
See:—^Ehretia m i c r o - See:—^Rotula aquatica,
phylla- Lour. '
14. E h r e t i a obtusifolia, 32. Solenenthus sp. Hk- f &
Hochst. See:—E. aspera. T.
15. Heliotropium cordifolium. 33. Trichodesma africanum,
See:—^Heliotropium indi- R. Br.
cum, Linn, 34. *Trichodesma indicum, R.
16. Heliotropium eichwaldi, Br. See:—Borago indi-
Steud, Heliotropium cum.
europaeum- 35' Trichodesma zeylanicum,
17. Heliotropium europaeum, R. Br.
Linn. See:—Heliotropium
eichwaldi, Steud- 26. BROMEUACEAE.
18. *Heliotropium indicum, 1. Ananas sativus, Schult. f.
Linn. See:—^Tiagidium Syst, Linn.
indicum.
19. Heliotropium ophioglos- 27. BURSERACEAE.
sum. Stocks. Similar to
other species of Heliotro- 1. Anvyris commiphora,
pium- Roxb. See:—Balsamoden-
20- "'Heliotropium ovalifolium, dron roxburghii; Arti.
Commiphora agallocha-
Forsk.
2. Balsamaria or Balsmaria
21. Heliotropium strigosum, inophyllum, See:—Calo-
Willd. Heliotropium bre- phyllum apetalum.
vifolium. 3. Balsamodendron mukul,
22. Heliotropium undulatum, Hook. See:—Commi-
Vahl: See:—^Heliotropium phora mukul; B. agallo-
tuberculosum. cha.
 540 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

4. Balsamodendron myrrha, 2. Opuntia dillenii, Haw,

Nees. See;—cactus indicus.
• 5. Balsamodendron opobal-
samum, Kunth. 29. CAESALPINEAE or
6. Balsamodendron play- CAESALPINIACEAE
fairii, Hook. or CAESALPINIOI-
7. Balsamodendron pubes- DEAE.
cens, Stocks. See:—B.
m u k u 1; Commiphora 1. Bauhinia macrostachya,
stocksiana. ^ Wall. S e e :—Bauhinia
8. Balsamodendron rox- scandens.
burghii, Stocks. See:— 2. ""Bauhinia purpurea, Linn-
Commiphora mukul. 3. Bauhinia purpurosa. See:
9. Balsamodendron zeylani- —Bauhinia variegata.
cum, See:—Canarium 4. *Bauhinia racemosa, Lam.
'- commune. See:—Bauhinia variegata.
10. Boswellia glabra, Roxh. 4a. Bauhinia retusa, Ham &
Boswellia thurifera, Bos- Roxb.
wellia serrata, Roxb. 5. Bauhinia tomentosa, Linn.
See:—Olibanus thurifera. 6- Bauhinia vahlii, W. & A.
11. Boswellia serrata, Roxh. 7. '"Bauhinia variegata, Linn.
12. Boswellia thurifera or See:—Phanera^ variegata.'
thuriferia? Cole. 8. Caesalpinia bonduc, Roxb.
13. Canarium bengalense, or Baker? See:—C. jaya-
Roxh- bo.
14. Canarium commune, 9. '"Caesalpinia bonducella,
Linn, or (Amyridaceae or Flem,ing. See:—Guilan-
Simarubaceae.) See:— dina bonducella, C. crista-
Balsamodendron zeylani- 10. ""Caesalpinia c o r i a r i a ,
cum. Willd.
15. Canarium pimeta, Koen. 11. Caesalpinia digyna, Rottl.
16. Canarium strictum, Roxh. or C. oleosperma.
17. Commiphora m u k u 1, 12. Caesalpinia nuga, Ait.
Engl. or Commiphora 13. '"Caesalpinia pulcherrima,
africana- See:—Balsamo- Swartz-
dendron mukul. Balsa- 14. Caesalpinia sappan, Linn.,
modendron roxburghii. 15. Cassia absus, Linn.
18. Commiphora myrrha. 16. Cassia acutifolia, or Cas-
Seer:— Balsampdendron sia angustifolia. See:—
myrrha. Cassia lanceolata.
19. Garuga pinnata, Roxh. 17. Cassia alata, Linn, or
C. herpetica; Cassia brac-
28, CACTACEAE. teata, See:—Senna alata.
18- Cassia angustifolia, Vahl.
1- Cactus indicus. See:—
See:—Cassia lanceolata,
opuntia dillenii, Haw.
Linn. Senna officinalis.
 INDEX 541

19. *Cassia auriculata, Linn. 38- Senna alata, See:—Cassia

See:—Senna auriculata. alata.
20. Cassia bumiannii, Wight. 39. Senna auriculata, Roxh.
See:—Cassia obovata. See:—Cassia auriculata.
21. Cassia coromendeliana, 40. Senna indica, See:—Cas-
See:—Cassia so p h e r a, sia lanceolata.
Linn. 41. Senna obtusa, See:—Cas-
22- *Cassia fistula, Linn. See: sia obovata.
—Cassia rhombifolia. 42- Senna occidentalis, Roxb.
23. Cassia glauca, Lam. See:—Cassia occidentalis.
24. Cassia lanceolata, Wall, or 43. Senna sophera, Roxh.
Linn. See:—Cassia an- See:—Cassia sophera.
gustifolia, Var:—^Cassia 44. Senna tora. See:—Cassia
elongata, and Senna auri- tora-
culata. '' 45. *Tamarindus indica, Linn.
25. Cassia mimosoides, Linn. 46. ^ Wagatea spicata, Dalz.
26. Cassia obovata, Linn, or
Cassia senna. S e e :— 30. CAMPANULACEAE.
Senna obovata, C.obtusa,
C. burmanni. 1. Codonopsis ovata; Benth.
27. Cassia obtusifolia, Linn. 2. Cyananthus sp. Hook. f.
See:—Cassia toroides. & T.
28. *Cassia occidentalis, Linn. 3. Lobelia nicotianaefolia,
See:—Senna occidentalis- Heyne.
29. *Cassia Siamea, Lam.
30. Cassia sophera, Linn, or 31. CAPPARIDACEAE.
Cassia coromendeliana.
See:—Senna sophera.
1. Cadaba farinosa, Forsk.
31., *Cassia tora^ Linn. See:— See:—C. indica; Straemia
Cassia toroides.. Cassia tetrandra.
foetida. Cassia obtusifo- la- Cadaba indica Lamk. or
lia Cassia tagara-
C. farinosa (& C. trifolia-
32. Ceratonia siliqua, Linn. ta.
33. Cynometra r a m i flora, 2. Capparis a c u m i nata,
Linm,. Var. Mimosoides. Roxb.
See:^—C. mimosoides. 3. C?ipparis aphyjla, Roth,
34. *Haematoxylon c a'm p e- or Capparis spinasa. See:
chianum, Linn. —Capparis decidua.
35. Hardwickia p i n n a t a, 4. Capparis diffusa,
Roxb. 5. Capparis heyneana, Wall.
6. Capparis horrida, Linn-
36. Humboldtia v a h 1 iana, See:—Capparis zeylani,
Wight. 7. * Capparis sepiaria, Linn.
37. *Saraca indica,-Linn. See: See:—Capparis incanes-
—Jonesia asoka, Jonesia cens.
pinnata. 8. Capparis trifoliata.
542 THE INDIAN MATERIA MKDICA

*Capparis zeylanica, Linn. 34. CARYOPHLLA-

See:—Capparis horrida- CEAE.
10. Cleome chelidonii, Linn.
11. Cleome dodecandra, 1. Cerastium glomeratum.
12. Cleome felina, Linn. See:' 2. Cerastium i n d i c u m,^
Polanisia felina. Thuill.
13. Cleome pentaphylla, Linn. 3. Drynaria cordata, Willd.
See:—Gynandropsis gy- 4. *Polycarpoea corymbosa,
nandra. Lomk.
14. *Cleome viscosa, Linn, or 5. Saponaria vaccaria, Linn-
Cleome icosandra; See:— See:—Gypsophila vacca-
Polanisia viscosa, D.C ria & Saponaria perfo-
Polanisia icosandra. liata.
15. Crataeva marmelos, See:
—Aegle marmelos. 35. CASUARINACEAE.
*Crataeva nurvala, Ham.
or Crataeva religiosa. 1. Casuarina equisetifolia,
Forst.
17. *Crataeva religiosa, Hoofc
& Forst. See:—Crataeva
nurrala; Crataeva rox- 36. CELASTRACEAE.
burghii. 1. Celastrus montana. See:
18. Crataeva roxburghii. See: —Celastrus paniculata.
—Crataeva religiosa. 2. Celastrus multiflora, See:
19. •"Gynandropsis p e n t a - —Celastrus paniculata,
phylla, DC. See:—Gynan- Willd.
dropsis gyhandra. 3- Celastrus nutans. See:—
20. Maerua arenaria, Hook- Celastrus paniculatus.
See:—Maerua ovalifolia, 4. Celastrus p a n i culata,
Niebuhria oblongifolia, WiUd. See:— .Celastrus
Royle; & Capparis hete- mont&na; Celastrus multi-
roclita. flora; & Celastrus nutans.
21. Polanisia icosandra, See: 5. Celastrus Senegalensis,
—Cleome viscosa. Lann.
22. Polanesia viscosa, DC. 6. Celastrus spinosa, Royle.
See:—Cleome viscosa. See:—Gypnosporia roy-
leana.
32. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. 7. Elaeodendron glaucum,
1. Lonicera glauca, Hk. j- & Pers. See:— Elaeoden-
T. dron roxburghii; Elaeo-
2. Sambucus ebulus, Linn. dendron panuculatum?
3. Sambulus nigra, Linn. 8. Elaeodendron panicula-
4. Viburnam foetidum, Wall. tum. See:—^Elaeodendron
glaucum. Pers.
33. CARICACEAE. 9. Elaeodendron roxburghii,
W. & A. See:—Elaeoden-
1. Carica papaya, Linn. dron glaucum.
 INDEX 543

10- Euonymus americanus, 7. Beta bengalensis, Roxb.

See:—Euonymus atropur- 8. Beta maritima, Linn-
pureus. 9. *Beta vulgaris, Linn.
11. Euonymus atropurpureus, 10. Chenopodium a l b u m ,
B. P.; Euonymus euro- Linn.
paeus; Euonymus amari- 11. Chenopodium ambrosi-
canus; & Euonymus theo- oides, Linn.
phrasti. 12. Chenopodium b o t r y s,
12. Euonymus europoeus. Linn-
13. Euonymus hamiltonianus. 13. Haloxylon multiflorum,
14- Euonymus p e n dulus, Bunge.
Wall. 14. Kochia indica, Wight.
15. Euonymus theophrasti, 15. Salsola foetida, Delz. See:
Wall. —Salsola spinescens.
16. Euonymus tingens, Wall. 16. Salsola kali, Linn.
17. Gymnosporia montana, 17. Spinacia glabra, See:—
(Roth) Benth. See:— Spinacia inermis.
Gymnosporia spinosa. 18. Spinacia inermis, See:—
IS. Gymnosporia s p i nosa, Spinacia glabra.
Forsk- or Hk. F. See:—G. 19. *Spinacia oleracea, Linn.
montana; Catha ^spinosa. See:—Spinacia setrandra;
Celastrus senegalensis. & Spinacia spinosa.
19. Hippdcratea indica, Willd. 20. Spinacia setrandra. See:
20. Kokoona zeylanica, —Spinacia oleracea; &
TTiwaites. Spinacia spinosa.
21. Salacia oblonga, Wall. 21- Spinacia spinosa. See:—
22. Salacia reticulata, Wight. Spinacia oleracea; Spina-
cia setrandra.
37. CELASTRINEAE. 22. Suaeda fruticosa, Forsk.
1- Lophopetalum wallichii, 59. CHtORANTHA-
Kurz. CEAE.
1. Chloranthus inconspicuus,
38. CHENOPODIA- Linn.
CEAE.
1. Arthroenemum indicum, 40. COCHLOSPERMA-
Moq. CEAE.
2. *Atriplex hortensis, Linn. 1. Cochlospermum gossy-
3. *Basella alba, Linn. See:— pium, DC. See:—Bombax
B. tubra; B. lucida, B. gossypium.
cordifolia.
4. Basella cordifolia.
5. Basella lucida. 41. COLCHICACEAE.
6. *Basella rubra, Linn. See: 1. *Hermodactylus gol, See:
—Basella alba. —Colchicum variegatum;
 544 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Colchicum luteum; & bra; Pentaptera angusti-

Colchicum a u tumnale; ' folia, & Pentaptera ar-
Iris tuberosa- juna.
13. *Terminalia belerica, Roxh
42. COMBRETACEAE. 14. 'Perminalia catappa, Linn-
See:—^Perminalia myro-
1. *Anogeissus latifolia, Wall. balans.
See:—Conocarpus latifo- 15. *Terminalia chebula, Retz.
lius. & Roxb. See:—^Termina-
2. Calycopteris floribunda, lia reticulata.
Lamk. See:— Combre- 16. Terminalia citrina, Roxb.
tum extensum. & Fleming.
3. Combretum extensum, 17. Terminalia crenulata,
See:—Colycopterus flori- See:—^Terminalia tomen-
bxmda. tosa; Terminalia glabra;
^ 4. Combretum p i 1 o s u m, Terminalia alata; & Pent-
"^ Roxh. aptera tomentosa.
5. Conocarpus latifolia, or 18. Terminalia glabra. See:—
latifolius?_Roxb. See:— Terminalia tomentosa,
Anogeisus latifolia. Bedd. Terminalia crenu-
6. Pentaptera angustifolia, lata; Pentaptera tomen-
See:—^Terminalia arjuna, tosa; Terminalia typica;
W. & A. & Terminalia coriacea.
7. Pentagtera glabra, See:— Terminalia alata.
Terminalia arjuna, W. & 19. *Terminalia paniculata,
A. Roth, See:—^Pentaptera
8- *Quisqualis indica, Linn. Paniculata.
See:—Quisqualis villosa. 20. Terminalia reticulata,
9. Quisqualis villosa. See:— See:—Teipminalia che-
Quisqualis indica, hinn. bula, Retz. Roxh-
10. Syzygium jambolanum, 21. *Terminalia tonieritosa, W.
DC. See:—Eugenia jam- & A. & Var:—Typica;
bolana; Psidium guyava, coriacea (Bedd.) See:—
Linn. Jambosa vulgaris, T. crenulata; • T. glabra,
Pyrus communis, Linn. T. alata; Pentaptera to-
Psidium pyriferum; & mentosa.
Psidium poniiferum.
11. Terminalia alata, See:— 43. COMMELINACEAE.
Terminalia crenu l a t a ;
Terminalia glabra; Ter- 1. Aneilema riudiflorum,
minalia tomentosa, Bedd- R- B.
Pentaptera tomen t o s a; 2. Aneilema scapiflorum,
Terminalia typica; & Ter- Wight.
minalia ceriacea. 3. Aneilema spiratum, R. Br.
12. ^Terminalia arjvma, W. & 4. Commelina benghalensis,
A. See:—^Pentaptera gla- Linn. See:—^Commelina
 INDEX 545

nudiflora, Linn. Comme- Linn, or Artemisia vul-

lina obliqua, Ham. garis, or Artemisia indica;
5. Commelina n u d i f l o r a , Artemisia paniculata; Ab-
Linn- sinthium vulgare.
6. Commelina obliqua, Ham. 12 Artemisia maderaspataria.
7. Commelina salicifolia, See:'—Grangea adansonia;
Roxh. & Grangea maderas-
8. Commelina suffruticosa, patana.
Bl. 13 Artemisia maritima,
9. Cyanotis axillaris, Schul- Linn, or Artemisia brevi^
tes. See:—^Tradescantia folia. Wall.
axillaris, Linn. 14 Artemisia parsica, Bciss.
10. C y a n o t i s cucuUata, 15 A r t e m i s i a sacrorum,
Kun^- Ledeh. '
11. Cyanotis tuberosa, Schul- IQ Artemisia scoparia,
tes. Waldst.
12. Tradescautia or P r a d e s - ^^ Artemisia siversiana,
cantia axillaris, Linn. Willd.
See:—Cyanotis axillaris,
Schultes. 18. Artemisia anigdalinay.
Dene. Artemisia camp-
belU, Hk. f. Artemisia
44. COMPOSITAE. caruifolia. Ham- Artemi-
1. Absinthium officinalis, or sia desertorum, Sprang.
Absinthium vulgaris. Artemisia 'draculicultiiS,
See—Artemesia a b s i n- Linn. Artemisia macroce-
thium. phala, Jacq. Artemisia
2. Acanthospermum hispi- minor, Jacq. Artemisia
dum, DC. moUissima, D. Don. Arte-
3. Achilliea millefolium, m i sii a moorcraftiana.
Linn. Wall. Artemisia parvi-
4. *Ageratum conyzoides, flora, Roxb- Artemisia
Linn. roxburghiana, Bess. Arte-
5. Anacyclus pyrethrum, misia royleana, DC. Arte-
DC. See:—^Pyrethri radix- misia salsolides, Willd.
6. Anaphalis neelgerriana, Artemisia stracheyi, Hk.
DC. j. Artemisia stricta,
7. Anthemis nobihs, Liim. Edgew. Artemisia toume-
8. Aplotaxis auriculata, DC. fortiana, Rehb. Artemisia
See:—Saussuria auricu- vestita, Wall.
lata. 29 ^Artemisia vulgaris, Linn.
9. Aplotaxis or Heplotaxis
auricula? '^"' Ascaradia indica. See:—
Aplotaxis or Heplotaxis Vernonia anthelmintica.
lappa? Willd. Conyza ascaradia.
10. Arnica montana, Linn- Serratula anthelmintica.
11. Artemisia absinthium, 21. Aster trinervius, Roxb.
35
 546 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

22. Bidens trifida, Buck. Big- Al. Doronicum hookeri,

nonia grandiflora, Willd. Clarke.
Biophytum sensitivum, 48. Doronicum pardilianches,
DC. Linn.
23. Blumea amplectens, DC. 49. Doronicum roylei, DC.
24. Blumea balsamifera, DC See:—D. hookeri.
& Blumea densiflora. 50. *EchLnops echinatus, DC.
25. Blumea bifoliata, DC. & & Roxh.
Blumea densiflora. 51. *Eclipta alba, Hasek.
26. Blumea densiflora, DC. See:—Eclipta erecta.
27. Blumea eriantha, DC. 52. *Eclipta erecta, Linn.
28. Blumea lacera, DC- 8i See:—Eclipta alba. Eclipta
Blumea aurita. prostata. See:—^Verbe-
29. *Blumea wightiana, DC. sina calendulacea-
'30,' iCalandida offidnaHs, 53. Eclipta prostrata, Rdxb.
<. hintt. See:—Verbesina calendu-
^ 31. Carduus nutans, hinn. lacea.
32. *Carthamus tinctorius, 54. *Elephantopus scaber,
Lirm. Linn.
33- Centaurea behen, Linn. 55. *Emilia sonchifolia, DC.
34. Centaurea cyanus, hinn. 56. EInhydra fluctuans, Lour.
35. Centipeda orbiculains, ^ See:—Hingtsha repens.
Lour. See:—Artemisia 57. Erigeron asteroides,
stemutatoria; Dicroce- Roxb.
phala. or A. ptarmica. 58. Erigeron canadensis,
36. Chrysanthemum corona- Linn. See:—Erigeron vis-
rium, Linn. cosum.
37. "^Chrysanthemum indicum, 59. Erigeron v i s c o s u m,
Linn- Sfee:—^Pyrethrum See:—Erigeron canaden-
indicum, DC. sis.
38. *Cichorium endivia, Linn. 60. Eupatorium aromaticus.
See:—Eupatorium aya-
39. *Cichorium intybus, Linn. pana.
40. Cirsium arvense, Scop.
61. Eupatorium ayapana, DC.
41. Conyza cinerea, See:— See,:—Eupatorium tri-
Conyza purpurea. Ver- plinerve; Eupatorium per-
nonia cinerea, Less. foliatum; & Eupatorium
42. Conyza purpurea, See:— aromaticus.
Conyza cinerea. Vernonia 62. Eupatorium cannabinum.
cinerea. Less. Linn.
43. Cotula anthemoides, Linn. 63. Eupatorium perfoliatum.
44. *Cynara scolymus, See:— See:—Eupatorium aya-
Asclepias asthmatica. pana.
45. Dicoma tomentosa, Cass. f54. Eupatorium triplinerve,
46. Dolomaea macrocephala, Vahl. See:—Eupatorium
DC. ayapana.
 INDEX 547

65. F l a v e r i a australasica, Lactuca capitata. Lactuca

Hook. virosa.
66. Francoeria crispa, Cass. 85. Lactuca scariola, Linn.
67. Glossocardia bosvallia, See:—Lactuca sativa;
See:—Glossocardia line- Lactuca capitata; Lactuca
arifplia. virosa.
68. Glossocardia linearifolia,
86. Lactuca virosa, Linn.
Cass. See:—Glossocardia
bosvallia. i See:—Lactuca sqariola,
69. Glossogyne pinnatifida, Linn. Lactuca sativa,
DC. Linn. Lactuca capitata-
70. Gnaphalium luteo-album, 87. Lagasca mollis, Cov.
Linm.. Lagasca spinosissima,
71. Grangea adansonia, Cav.
See:—Grangea maderas- 89. Lamprachaenium micro-
patana; Artemisia made- cephalum, Benth. See:—
raspatana- Lansium^ domesticum
72. Grangea maderaspatana, Jack. (N.O. Meliaceae).
Poir. See:—Artemisia 90. Launaea aspleniifolia,
maderaspatana; Grangea Hook.
adansonia. 91. Launaea nudicaulis. Hook
73. *Guizotia abyssynica, Cass. 92. *Launaea pinnatifida,
See:—^Verbasina sativa, Cass.
or G. oleifera. 93. Matricaria chamomilla,
74. *Helianthus annuus, Linn. Linn, or Matricaria sua-
75. *Helianthus tuberosus, or yeolens.
Cynara scolymus- See:— 94. Microrhynchus nudicau-
Heliaphyllum indicum. lis, Less.
76. Inula helenium, Linn. 95. Myriogyne minuta, Less-
77. Inula racemosa, Hook. See:—Centipeda orbicu-
same as I helenium. laris, Lour. Artemisia
78. Inula royleana, DC. ptarmica; Artemisia ster-
79. Jurinea macrocephala, nutatoria.
Benth. 96. *Notonia grandiflora, DC.
80- Lactuca capitata, See:— 97. Pluchea indica, Less.
Lactuca scariola. Lactuca See:—Gymneme balsa-
sativa; Lactuca virosa. micum.
81. Lactuca heyneana, DC. 98. Pluchea lanceolata, C-B.
See:—Lactuca runcinata. Clarke & Oliv.
82. *Lactuca remotiflora, DC. 99. Pulicaria crispa, Benth
& Sch.
83. Lactuca runcinata, DC. 100. Pyrethrum, indicum, DC.
See—Lactuca heyneana, Sde:— Chirysanthemum
DC. indicum, Linn.
84- *Lactuca sativa, Linn. 101. Pyrethrum radix. See:—
See:—Lactuca scariola. Anacyclus pyrethrum.
548 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

102. P y r e t h r u m umbelli- 120. Sonchus arvensis, Linn.

ferum, Boiss. See:—Sonchus orixensis,
103. Rhynchospermum ver- & S. wightianus.
ticillatum, Rein. 121. *Sonchus oleraceus, Linn.
104. Saussurea candicans, 122. Sonchus orixensis. See:-
Clarke. Sonchus arvensis. '
105. Saussurea hypoleuca, Sphaeranthus amaran-
Spreng. See:—Saussu- 123.
thoides, Burm-
rea lappa, Clarke & Sphaeranthus hirtus,
Haploraxis auricula. 124.
See:—Sphaeranthus in-
106. Saussurea lappa, Clarke. dicus; Sphaeranthus
See:—Saussurea auri-
culata, or Aplotaxis molis.
lappa, or Aplotaxis auri- 125. * Sphaeranthus indicus,
culata; A u c k l a n d i a Linn. See:-—Sphaeran-
costs; & Haplotaxis auri- thus hirtus.
cula. 126. Sphaeranthus microce-
107. Saussurea obvallata, phalus. See:—Sphae-
Wall. ranthus laevigatus.
108. Senecio densiflorus, 127. Sphaeranthus suaveo-
Wall. lens.
128. Spilanthes a c m e 11 a,
109. Senecio jacoboea, Don.
110. Senecio jacquemontia- Murr. or Linn. Var:—
nus, Benth. oleracea, C. B. Clarke.
111. Senecio laciniosus, Wall- 129. Spilanthes calva or salva.
See:—Spilanthus ole-
112. Qenecdo quinquelobus, racea; Spilanthus- pani-
Hook. culate; Spilanthus
113. Senecio tenuifolius, acmeUas,
Burm. See:—^Doronicum 130. Spilanthes oleracea, C.B.
tenufolium. Clarke & Jacq. See:—
114. Senecio vulgaris, Linn. Spilanthes 'salva or
calva; Spilanthes ac-
115. Serratula anthelmintica, mella; Spilanthes pani-
Roxb. See:—^Vemonia culata.
anthelmintica. Ascardia 131. Spilanthes paniculata;
indica. Conyza ascaradia. See:—Spilanthes olera-
116. Siegesbeckia brachiata, cea; Spilanthes calva
Roxh. See:—Siegesbec- or salva?
kia orientalis, Linn. 132. Tagetes erecta, Linn.
117. Siegesbeckia orientalis, 133. Taraxacum densleonis,
Linn. Linn. See:—^Taraxacum
118. Silybum marianum, officinale.
134. *Taraxacum officinale.
Linn. & Gaertn.
Weber in Wigg. See:—
119. Solidago virga-surea, Taraxacum densleonis,
Linn. Linn.
 INDEX 549

135. Tragopogan porrifolius. 7. Cupressus sempervirens,

136. Tragopogan pratense, Linn^
Linn. 8- J u n i p e r u s communis,
137. Tricholepsis glaberrima, Linn.
DC. 9. Juniperus excelsa, Bieb.
138. Tricholepsis montana, 10. Juniperus macropoda,
Dalz. Boiss, same as Juniperus
139. Tricholepsis p r o c u m- communis.
bens, Wight. 11. Juniperus recurva. Ham.
140. Tridax procumbens, Linn. 12. Pinus deodara, Roxh.
141. Tussilago farfara, Liiln. See:—Cedrus deodara.
142. Verbesina calendulacea, 13- Pinus echinata,
See:—Eclipta alba; We- 14. Pinus excelsa, Wall.
delia calendulacea, Less. 15. Pinus gerardiana, Wall.
143. *Vernonia anthelminitica, 16. Pinus heterophylla.
Willd. or Ascaradia in- 17. Pinus khasya, Royle.
dica or Conyza ascara- 18. *Pinus longifolia, Roxb.
dia; Serratula anthel- 19- Pinus maritima, Larn &
mintica. See:—Centra- Poiret.
therum anthelminticum, 20. Pinus merkussi, Jungh.
O. ktze. 21. Pinus palustris.
144. *Vernonia cinerea. Less. 22. Pinus pftea, See:—Pinus
See:—^nyza cinerea; sylvestris.
Conyza purpurea. 23. Pinus serotina.
145. Volutarella divaricata, 24. Pinus sylvestris, See:—
C.B. Clarke & Benth. Pinus pinea.
See:—Corduus ramosus. 25. Pinus toeda.
146. *Wedelia calendulacea, 26. Pinus webbiana. Wall.
Less. See:—Abies webbiana.
147. Xanthium indicum, DC. 27. Taxus baccata, Linn.
See:—Xanthium stru-
marium. 46. CONNARACEAE.
148. Xanthium strumarium,
Linn. See:—Xanthium 1. Connarus monocarpus,
indicum. Linn.
2. Rourea santaloides, W- &
45. CONIFERAE. A.
1. Abies excelsa, DC.
2. Abies webbiana Lindl.
47. CONVOLVULACEAE.
3- Callitris i n o p h y 11 u m, 1. A r g y r e i a malabarica,
Linn. Chois.
4. Callitris quadrivalvis, 2. *Argyreia speciosa. Sweet.
Vent. See:—^Lettsomia nervosa,
5. *Cedrus deodara, Loudon. Roxb.
See:—Pinus deodara. 3. B a t a t a s paniculata
6. Cidrus libani, Barrel. See:—Ipomoea digitata-
 550 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Convolvulus' argentens, Sweet- Ipomoea hedera-

& Convolvulus nervosus, cea, Jacq.
or Convolvulus speciosa. 25. Ipomoea edulis. See:—
See:—Argyreia speciosa. Ipomoea batatas.
Convolvulus arvensis, 26. Ipomoea eriocarpa, R. Br.
Linn. See:—Ipomoea hispida.
6. Convolvulus paniculata,
See:—Ipomoea digitata. 27. Ipomoea fastigata.
7. Convolvulus scammonia. 28- Ipomoea hederacea, Jacq.
8. Cressa cretica, Linn- Ipomoea nil. or Pharbitis
9. . nil. Convolvukis nil.
Cuscuta chenensis, Lamk.
10. *Cuscuta reflexa, Roxb. 29. Ipomoea muricata, Jacq.
11. Erycibe paniculata, Roxb. See:—Ipomoea purga.
12. "•'Evolvulus alsinoides, Calonyction muricatum.
Wall. & Linn. 30. Ipomoea nil. See:—Ipo-
moea hederacea. Ipomoea
13. Evolvulus hirsutus, nil- Convolvulus nil.
See:—Evolvulus alsinoi- Pharbitis nil.
des, Wall & Linn. 31. I p o m o e a paniculata.
14. *Ipomoea acquatica, Forex. See:—Ipomoea digitata,
See:—Ipomoea reptans. Linn.
15. '•'Ipomoea bartatas, Pair & 32. Ipomoea pescaprae, SW.
Latnk. See:—Ipomoea See:—Ipomoea biloba;
edulis. Ipomoea * brasibensis;
16. ''^Ipomoea biloba Forsk. Convolvulus pescaprae.
See:—Ipomoea pescap- 33. I p o m o e a pes-tigrides,
rae- Convolvulus pescap- Linn.
rae. 34. Ipomoea quamoclit, Linn-
See:—Quamoclit vulga-
17. Ipomoea bona-nox Linn. ris; Quamoclit pinnata.
See:—Calonyction bona- 35. I p o m o e a reniformis,
nox. Bajer. Cihois. S^Q:—Merremia
18. Ipomoea brasiliensis, emarginata.
See:—Ipomoea biloba; 36. Ipomoea sepiaria, Koen.
Convolvulus prescapre. 37. Ipomoea sxnuata, Ort.
19. Ipomoea caerulea. 38. Ipomoea tridentate, Roth-
20. Ipomoea campanulata, See:—Merremia triden-
Linn- tata.
21. Ipomoea cymosa, Roem. 39. *Ipomoea turpenthum, R.
22. Ipomoea dasysperma, Br. See:—Operculina tur-
Jacq. pethum, Silva.
23. Ipomoea digitata, Linn. 40. Ipom^oea uniflora, Roem.
See:—Ipomoea panicu- 41. Ipomoea vitifolia, Sw.
lata. See:—Merremia vitifolia.
24. Ipomoea dissecta, Willd. 42. Lettsomia mysorensis,
See:—Ipomoea eriocarpa, Clarke. See:—Lettsomia
Br. Ipomoea fastigata, aggregata.
 INDEX 551

43. Lettsomia nervosa, Roxb. 2. Brassica alba, or Brassica

See:—Argyreia speciosa. campestris. See:—Sina-
44. Pharbitis nil, Chois. pis alba.
See:—Ipomoea hedera- 3
cea. Ipomoea nil. Convol- A Bassica botrytis.
vulus nil. "'•'Brassica campestris, Linn.
45. * Q u a m o c l i t vulgaris, See:—^Variety: B. rapa.
Choisy. See:-^Ipomoea Brassica napus; Crucifera
quomoclit. Linn. c rapa; & Brassica colza.
46. Rivea ornata, Chois. [. Brassica caulocarpa.
*Brassica juncea, H.K.f. &
48. CORNACEAE T. See:—Brassica cernua;
Brassica integrifolia; &
1. Marlea tomentosa, Endl. allied plants.
Brassica nigra, Linn &
49. CRASSULACEAE. ^Koch See:—Sinapis nigra;
1. *Bryophyllum calycinum, Sinapis erysimoides.
Salish- . See:—Kalanchoe 8. *Brassica oleracea, Linn.
lanciniata; Kalanchoe Var. chinensis. or B.
pinnata. sativa & B. botrytis or
2. Cotyledon lanciniata, B. florida.
Seer—Kalanchoe lanci- 9- *Brassica rapa, Linn.
niata. See:—Brassica campes-
3. Cotyledon rhizaphylla. tris; Crucifera-rapa; B.
See:—Bryophyllum caly- See: —Brassica compes-
cacinum. tris; Crucifera-rapa, B.
4. ^Kalanchoe laciniata. SC. Colza.
See:—Kalanchoe,pinnata; ^^• BuUata gemmifera.
Bryophyllum calycinum, H- Capsella bursa pastoris,
Salish. Ned,ik & Moench.
5. Kalanchoe pinnata, Pers- ^2. C heir an thus cheiri, Linn.
- See:—^Bryophyllum caly- 13. Eruca sativa. Gars.
cinum & Bryophyllum 14. Farsetia aegyptiaca,
pinnatum. & Kalanchoe Turra Farset.
laciniata. - -^^• Farsetia hamiltonii,
6. *Kalanchoe spathulata or Royle.
spathulatum, DC. ^^• Farsetia jacquemontii,
Hk..f & T .
50. CRCMPHULABINEAE. 17. Lepidium draba, Linn.
18. Lepidium iberis, Linn.
1. Euphrasia odontites, Linn. 29 Lepidium latifolium,
2. Euphrasia officinalis, Linn.
*L*)idium sativum, Linn.
Linn. 20.
Matthiola incana, R. Br.
SI. CRUCIFERAE. g ^Nasturtium officinale, R.
1. Anastatica hierochuntia, Br. See:—^Nasturtium
Linn- fontanum, Aschers.
552 Tim INDIAN MATERIA MEDiOA

23. Raphanus caudatus, Alef. 52. CUCURBITACEAE.

24. *Raphanus sativus, Linn.
25. Smapis alba. See:—Bras- 1. *Benincasa cerifera, Savi.
sica alba. See:—Benincasa hispida>
26. Sinapis cuneifolia, See:—
2. Blastania garcini, Cogn.
Sinapis juncea; Sinapis See:—Ctenolepis garcini.
nigra; Sinapis ramosa; &
Sinapis rugosa. 3. Bryonia callosa, Rottl.
27. Sinapis dichotoma, JRoxb. 4. Bryonia epigoea, Wight
See:—Sinapis glauca; & Rattla- See:—Corallo-
Brassica napus. carpus epigeous.
28. Sinapis glauca, See:— 5. *Bryonia laciniosa, Linn.
Sinapis dichotoma; Bras- See:—Bryonopsis lacin-
sica napus. iosa, Linn.
29. Sinapis juncea. See:— 6. Bryonia pilosa, Roxb.
Brassica juncea- Sinapis 7. Bryonia rostrata, Rottle.
nigra; Sinapis ramosa; 8. Bryonia seabra,
Sinapis cuneifolia; & 9. Bryonia scabrilla, See:—
Sinapis rugosa. Mukia scabrilla Am- Me-
30. Sinapis nigra, Linn. lothria maderaspatana,
See:—Sinapis juncea; Linn.
Sinapis. ramosa; Sinapis 10. *Cephalandra i n d i e a,
cuneifolia; Sinapis ru- Naud. See:—Coccinia in-
gosa. Brassica integrifolia dica.
& allied plants. 11. Citrullus colocynthis,
31. Sinapis ramosa, See:-:— Schwd.
*Sinapis juncea; Sinapis 12. *Citrullus vulgaris, Schwd.
nigra; Sinapis cuneifolia; Var. Citrullus fistulosus.
Sinapis rugosa. See:—Cucurbita citrul-
32. Sinapis rugosa, lus-
Roxb. 13. *Coccinia indica, W. & A.
See:—Sinapis nigra; Sin-
See:—Momordica mona-
apis juncea; Sinapis
delpha, Roxb. Cephalan-
ramosa; Sinapis cuneifo-
dria indica.
lia. Brassica cernua.
14. Corallocarpus epigaea or
33. Sisymbrium irio or iris, epieous, Rottl. & Willd.
Linn. See:—Sisymbrium See:—Bryonia epigaea.
zinn. Sisymbrium sophor. 15. Cucumis acutangulus,
34. Sisymbrium nasturtium. See;—Luffa acutangula-
35. Sisymbrium sophia, Linn. 16. Cucumis agrestis, Naud.
See:—Sisymbrium irio or 17. Cucumis anguinus.
iris. SisymbriuA zinn. 18. Cucumis colocynthis.
Descurainia sophia. 19. *Cucumis melo, Linn. Var.
Momordica Duthie.- Uti-
36. Sisymbrium zinn. See:— lissimus duthie-
Sisymbrium iris, or irio 20. C u c u m i s momordica,
Sisymbrium sophia. Roxb. or Linn.
 INDEX 553

21. Cucumis pseudo-eolocyn- See:—Luffa plucketisna

this, Royle. See:—C. or pucketiana. or Luffa
• ti-igonus. foetida.
22. C uc umi s pubescens, 38. Luffa bindal. See:—Luffa
Roxh. See:—Cucumis tri- echinata.
gbnus. 39. Luffa cylindrica, See:—
23- *Cucumis sativus, Linn. Luffa aegyptiaca; Luffa
24. Cucumis trigonus, Roxh. patola; Luffa riscada;
See:—C pseudo-colocyn- Luca pentandra.
this. 40. Luffa echinata, Roxh.
25. C u c\u m i s uti^isiinus, See:—Luffa bindaal.
Roxh. & Linn, or C. melo. 41. Luffa foetida, See:—Luffa
26. Cucurbita alba- amara. Luffa pluketiana;
27. Cucurbita cerefera, & Luffa acutangula-
C. pepo. See:—Beninkasa 42. Luffa graveolens, Roxh.
cerefera. 43. Luffa patola, See—Luffa
28. Cucurbita citruUus, Linn. aegyptiaca. Luffa cylin-
See:—CitruUus vulgaris. drica; Luffa pentandra.
29. Cucurbita lagenaria, Luffa riscada.
Linn. See:-—Lagenaria 44. Luffa pentandra, Roxh.
vulgaris-' See:—Luffa aegyptiaca;
30. *Cucurbita maxima, Luffa cylindrica; Luffa
Diichesne. patola; Luffa riscada-
Luffa pluketiana, See:—
31. *Cucurbita mioschata, ^^• Luffa amara; Luffa foeti-
Duci^siie. da.
32. *Cucurbita pepoj Linn & 46. Luffa riscada. See:—
DC. See:—^Pepo vulgaris; Luffa aegyptiaca. Luffa
Lagenaria vulgaris. cylindrica. Luffa patola.
33. Lagenaria leucantha, Luffa pentandra.
Rushy. See:—Lagenaria 47. Luffa tuberosa, Roxh.
vulgaris; Cucurbita lage- See:—Momordica tube-
naria; Cucurbita pepo. rosa-
34- *Lagenaria vulgaris, Se- 48. Melothria maderaspatana,
ringe. See:-^Cucurbita Linn. See:—Mukia sca-
lagenaria. C u c u r b i t a brella. Am. Bryonia sca-
pepo. brilla.
35. *Luffa acutangula, Roxh.
Var:—L. amara, Clarke. 49. Momordica balsamina,
See:—Cucumis acutan- Linn. See:—rMomordica
gulus. charantia.
36. *Luffa aegyptiaca, Mill- 50. *Momordica charantia,
See:—LufPa pentandra; Linn. Momordica muri-
Luff a cyltndrica; Luffa cata; Momordica baisa-
patola. Luffa riscada. mina-
37. Luffa amara, Roxh. same 51. Momordica cochinchiuen-
as Luffa acutangula. sis, Spreng.
554 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

52. Momordica cymbalaria, 72. Zehneria umbellata, Thw.

Fenzl. See:—^Luffa tube- See:—Momordica umbel-
rosa; Moimordica tube- lata, Roxb. Melothria
rosa. heterophylla, Cogn.
53. Momordica dioica, Rnxh.
54. Momordica mixta. 53. CUPULIFERAE
55- Momordica monodelpha,
monadelpha? R o x b. 1- Betula alba, Linn.
See:—Coccinia indica; 2. Betula alnoides, Ham.
Cephalandra indica. 3. Betula bhojapatra, Wall.
56. Momordica muricata, & Don. Same as B. ulilis,
See:—Momordica charan- Don. D.
tia, Linn. 4. Betula utilis, D. Don-
57. Momordica umbellata, 5. Corylus avellana, Linn.
Roxb. See: — Zehneria 6. Corylus columa, Linn.
umbellata. 7. Quercus incana, Roxb. •
55. Mukia scabrella, Am. 8. Quercus infectoria, Oliv.
See:—Melothria maderas- See:—Quercus tinctoi-ia,
patana, Linn, or Bryonia Oliv.
scabrilla. 9. Quercus lamellosa, Smith.
59. Muricia cochin-cliinen- 10. Quercus pachyphylla,
sis. Kurz.
60. Rhynchocarpa foetida, 11. Quercus tinctoria, Oliv.
C. B- Clarke & Schrad? See:—Quercus infectoria,
See:—Kedrostis rostrata. Oliv.
61. *Trichosanthes anguina,
Linn. 54. CYCADACEAE.
62. Trichosanthes cordata, 1. *Cycas circinalis, Roxb &
Roxb. Linn. Cycas inermes; C-
63. Trichosanthes cucume- rumphii.
rina, Linn. 2. Cycas inermes, See:—
64. Trichosanthes cuspida. Cycas circinalis.
65- Trichosanthes dioica, 3. * Cycas revoluta. Thumb.
Roxb. See:—^Trichosan- & WUld.
thes nervifolia. 4. *Cycas rumphii, Miq.
66. Trichosanthes incisa. See:—Cycas circinalis.
67. Trichosanthes laciniosa.
68. Trichosanthes nervifclia, 55. CYPERACEAE.
Linn. Use same as T.
dioica, Roxb. 1- Cyperus bulbosus.
2. Cyperus canesceus.
69- Trichosanthes, palmata, 3. Cyperus distachyos.
Roxb. 4. C y p e r u s inundatus,
70. Zanonia indica, Linn. Roxb.
71. Zehneria hookeriana. 5. Cyperus iria, Linn.
Am. See:—Melothria per- 6- C y p e r u s jimcifolius,
pusilla. Klein.
 INDEX 555

7. Cyperus pertenuis, See:— See:—^Dioscorea alata;

Cyperus scariosus; Cype- Dioscorea hirsuta;
rus hexastachyus. Dennst. Dioscorea opposi-
8. *Cyperus rotundus, Linn. tifolia; Linn.
9. CyperuS-scariosus, Br. 6. Dioscorea hirsuta,
10. Cyperus tegetum, See:— Dennst.
Cyperus esculentus. 7. Dioscorea oppositifolia,
11. Fimbristylis 'junciformi,s, Linn-
Kunth- 8. Dioscorea pentaphylla,
12. *Fimbristylis miliacea, L. Linn. See:—Dioscorea
& Vahl. purpurea, Roxb. Dios-
13. Kyllinga monocephala, corea sativa, Linn.
Rotth. & Roxb. See:— 9. Dioscorea purpvirea,
Kyllinga triceps, Rotto. Roxb.
14. Kyllinga triceps, Rottb. 10. Dioscorea rubella, Idnn.
Used same as Kyllinga See:—Dioscorea alata
monocephala, Roxb. 11. Dioscorea sativa, Linn-
15- Scirpus arti culatus, Linn. See:—^Dioscorea bulbi-
16. Scirpus grossus, Linn. fera.
Use same as Sciipus 12. Dioscorea triphylla,
kysoor, Roxb. Amoen & Linn.
17. *Scirpus kysoor, Roxb.
See:—Scirpus grossus, 59. DIPSACEAE.
Linn.
18. Scirpus tuberosus. 1. Morina persica, Limi.

56. DATISCACEAE; 60. DIPTERACEAE or

1. Datisca cannabina, Linn.
DIPTEROCARPACEAE
or DIPTEROCARPEAE
57. DILLENIACEAE. 1. Dipterocarpus a 1 a t u s,
Roxb. See:—Dipteiocar-
1- Dillenia indica, Linn. pus incanus; Dipterocar-
See:—Dillenia speciosa, pus gonopterus.
Thunb. 2. Dipterocarpus camphora,
2. Dillenia pentagyna. See:—Camphora officina-
3. Dillenia speciosa, Thumb. rum; Dryobalanops cam-
See:—Dillenia indica. phor or camphora.
3. Dipterocarpus incanus,
58. DIOSCORIACEAE. Roxb. See:—Dipterocar-
1. Dinerba arabica, Jacq. pus alatus, Dipterocarpus
2. Dioscorea aculeata, Linn. turbinatus; Dipterocarpus
3- Dioscorea alata, Linn. laevis.
See:—Dioscorea globosa; 4. Dipterocarpus indicus,
Dioscorea rubella. Bedd.
4. Dioscorea bulbifera, Linn. 5. Dipterocarpus 1 a e v i .s
5. Dioscorea globosa, Roxb. Ham. See:—Dipterocar-
556 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

pus turbinatus; Diptero- 3. Drosera rotundifolia.

carpus alatus; Dipterocai"-
pus incanus. 62. EBENACEAE.
Dipterocarpus tubercu- •
latus, Roxb. See:—Dipte- 1. Diospyros candolleana,
rocarpus grandifolius; Wight. • See:—Diospyros
Dipterocarpus cordatus. canarica; D. ebenum,
''UDipterocarpus -turbina,- Koeni^.
tus, Gaertn. See:—Dip- 2. D i o s p y r o s cordilolia.
terocarpus incanus; Roxh. See:—Diospyros embry-
Dipterocarpus 1 a e v i s; opteris, Pers.
Hmn. Dipterocarpus ala- 3. Diospyros ebenum, Koe-
tus, Roxb. Dipterocarpus ni7ig. See:—Diospyros
joufdainii. asimilis.
Dryobalanops aromatica, 4. Diospyros embryopteris.
Gaertn. Dryobalanops Pers. See:—Diospyros
camphora. (or dipterocar- peregrina; Diospyros glu-
paceae?) tinosa; Diospyros cordi-
9. Dryobalanops camphor folia; Diospyros urgini-
or camphora, Coleb. ana.
See:—Dryobalanops aro- 5. Diospyros glutinosa. See:-.
matica or Camphora ofB- Diospyros embryopteris,
cinarum; Dipterocarpus Pers.
camphora. 6. Diospyros malabarica.
10. Hopea odorata, Roxb. 7. Diospyros melanoxylon,
See:—Hopea decandra. Roxb. See:—Diospyros
11. Hopea racemosa. See:— tomentosa.
Styrax benzoin. 8. Diospyros montana, Roxb.
12. Shorea lard. 9. D i o s p y r o s paniculata,
13. Shorea robusta, Gaertn. Dalz.
14. Shorea tumbuggaia, 10. D i o s p y r o s tomentosa,
Roxb. W. & A. See:— Roxb. See:—^Diospyros
Vatica tumbuggaia. melanoxylon.
15. Vateria indica, Linn. 11. Diospyros urginiana.
See:—Vateria malabarica. See:—^Diospyros embryo-
& Chloroxylon dupada. pteris, Pers.
16. Vateria malabarica. See:-
Vateria indica, Linn. 63. ELAEAGNACEAE.
Chloroxylon dupada.
1.
Elaeagnus hortensi's, M.
hiel. See:—Elaeagnus an-
61. DROSERACEAE. gustifoUa.
1. Drosera lunata. See:— , 2. *Elaeagnus latifolia, Linn.
Drosera peltata. 3. Elaeagnus umbellata,
2. Drosera peltata, Sm. Thunb.
See:—Drosera lunata; 4. Hippophae rhamnoides,
Drosera rotundifolia. Linn,
 INDEX 557

0. Hippophae salicifolia, D. 2. Erythroxylon lucidum,

Don. Moon.
3. Erythroxylon monogy-
EQUISErACEAE. num, Roxb. See:—Eryth-
1. *Eqisetimi debile, Roxb. roxylon indicum; Sethia
indica.
S5. ERICACEAE. 4. Erythroxylon retusum,
Bauer.
1. Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi,
Spreng.
2. GaultheriaTragrantissima, 67. EUPHORBIACEAE.
Wall. Gaultheria procum- 1. A c a l y p h a "fruticosa,
hens; Gaultheria lesch- Forsk.
naultii; or Andromeda 2. Acalypha hispida, Burm.
leschnaultii. 3. * Acalypha indica, Linn.
3. Gaultheria procumbens. or Acalypha spicata, or
See:—Gaultheria frag- Acalypha canescana.
rantissima; Gaultheria Acalypha ciliata. Acaly-
leschnaultii; Andromeda pha panicuiata.
leschnaultii. 4. Adelia neriifolia, Roth.
4. Rhododendron) antho- See:—Homonoia riparia,
pogon, D. Don. See:— Lour.
Rhododendron lepidolum, 5. A l e u r i t e s moluccana,
Wall. Willd. or A. triloba.
5. Rhododendron arboreum, 6. A n d r a c h n e cordifolia,
Sm. Mull.
6. Rhododendron barbatum. 7. Aporosa lindleyana, Baill.
Wall. See:—Scepe lindleyana.
1. Rhododendron campanu- 8. Averrhoea acida.
latum, D. Don. 9. Baliospermum axillare,
8. Rhododendron cinnabari- Blume. See:—Balio.sper-
num, Hook. mum montanum; Jatro-
9. Rhododendron falconeri, pha montanum or J. mon-
Hook. tana?
10. Rhododendron lepidotum, 10. Baliospermum monta-
Wall. See:—Rhododen- num, Muell. See:—^Balios-
dron anthopogon, p. Don. permum axillare; Balios-
Rhododendron setosum, permum polyandrum; Jat-
10a. Rhododendron ponticum, ropha montana.
Linn. 11. Bridelia montana, Willd.
11. Rhododendron setosum, 12. *Bridelia retusa, Spreng.
D. Don. See:—Rhododen- 13. B u X u s sempervirens,
dron anthopogon, D. Don. Linn.
66. ERYTHROXYLACEAE. 13a. Catarus speciflorus, Linn.
14.' Chrozophora plicata, A.
Erythroxylon, coca, Ann. Juss. Variety Chrozo-
or HuTn. phora gonuina, Muell.
 558 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

See:—Chrozophora pros- 33. " ' E u p h o r b i a neriifolia,

trata. Linn. See:—Euphorbia
14a. Chrozophora rottleri. ligularia; Euphorbia nivu-
See:—Chrozophora tinc- lia.
toria. 34. • Euphorbia nivulia, Hain.
15. Chrozophora tinctoria, A. similar to Euphorbia
Juss & Hook. See:— neriifolia.
Chrozophora rottleri. 35. Euphorbia parviflora.
16. Cleistanthus collinus, See:—Euphorbia piluli-
Benth. See:—Claytia col- fera.
lina.
17. Croton aromaticus, Linn. 36. *Euphorbia pilulifera,
18. Croton caudatus, Gcisel. Linn. See:—Euphorbia
hirta; Euphorbia parvi-
19. Crcrton joufra, Roxb. flora; Euphorbia resini-
See:—Croton malabari- fera, Berg.
cus, Bedd.
37. Euphorbia resinifera,
"^20. C r o t o n malabaiicus, • Berg.
Bedd.
oblongifolius, 38. Euphorbia royleana,
21. *C r o t o n
Boiss. See:—Euphorbia
Roxb. pentagona.
22. Croton polyandruni or 39. Euphorbia thomsoniana,
Polyandrus? Roxh. Same Boiss.
as C. tiglium. See:—Jat- 40. Eu*phorbia \ thymifolia.
ropha montana. Linn & Burm.
23. *Croton reticulatus, 41. '-'Euphorbia tirucalli, Linn.
Heyn^. 42. Excoecaria acerifolia,. F.
24. Croton tiglium, Linn. didrichs.
43. *Excoecaria agallocha,
25. *E m b 1 i c a officinalis, Linn. or Ebccoecaria
Gaertn. See:—Phyllan- camettia, or Arbor exe-
thus emblica. cans.
26. *Euphorbia antiquorum, 46. Excoecaria camettia.
Linn. See:—Excoecaria agallo-
27. Euphorbia dracuncu- cha.
loides. Lam. 47. *Flueggea leucopyrus,
28. Euphorbia helioscopia, Willd & Wight. See:—
Linn. Securinega leucopyrus.
. 29. * Euphorbia hirta. Limt. 48. *Flueggea microcarpa.
See: -Euphorbia piluli- Blume. See:—Flueggea
fera virosa.
30. Euphorbia hypericifolia, j49'. *Glochidion zeylanicum,
Linn. A. Juss.
31. Euphorbia lathyris, Linn. 50. Homonoia riparia, Lour.
32. E u p h o r b i a Ungularia, See:—^Adelia neriifolia.
Roxb. See:—Euphorbia 51. Hura crepitans, Linn.
neriifolia. 52. *Jatropha curcas, Linn.
 INDEX 559

53. *Jatropha glandulifera, 69. *Phyllanthus niruri, Linn.

Roxh. \ See:—Phyllanthus urina-
54. *Jatropha gossypilolia, ria.
55. Jatropha manihot, Linn. 70. Phyllanthus oblongifo-
Linn. lius.
See:—Manihot utilissima, 71. Phyllanthus peduncula-
Pohl. tus.
56. Jatropha montana, See:— 72. Phyllanthus restusus.
Baliospermum montanum 73. Phyllanthus reticulatus,
or & Baliospermum axil- Poir. See:—Anisonema
lare. multiflora, Wight.
57. *Jatropha multifida, Linn 74. Phyllanthus rhamnoides,
58. Jatropha nana, ' Dalz & Roxb. See:—Sauropus
Gibs. — quadrangularis.
59. Macaranga peltata. See:— 75. Phyllanthus simplex,
Macaranga roxburghii, Retz.
Wight. 76. Phyllanthus subaumifo-
60. Macaranga roxburghii, lius.
Wight. See:—Macaranga 77. Phyllanthus urinaria,
peltata. Linn. See:—Phyllanthus
61. *Mallatus philippinensis, leprocarpus. Phyllan-
Muell Arg. or Croton thus niruri.
philippinensis or Croton 78. *Putranjiva roxbui-ghii,
punctatus, or Croton coc- WalL See:—Nigeid put-
cineus, or Croton coc- ranjiva.
cineum. See:—Glandulae 79. *Ricinus communis, Linn.
rottlerae. 80. Ricinus dicoccus. See:—
62. *Manihot utilissima, Pohl. Ricinus communis, Linn.
See:—Jatropha manihot, 80a. Rottlera aurantiaca, etc.,
Linn. etc.
63. P h y l l a n t h u s acidus, 81. Sapium indicum, Willd.
Skeels. See:—Excoecaria indica.
64. *Phyllanthus distichus, 82. * Sapium insigne. Trim &
Muell. See:—Phyllanthus Benth. See:—Falconeria
longifolius. Cicca disti- malabarica.
cha.
83. Sapium sebiferum, Roxb.
65. *Phyllanthus e m b 1J c a, 84. Sauropus quadrangularis,
Linn. See:—Emblica offi- Muell. See:—Phyllanthus
cinalis.
rhamnoides, Roxb.
66. Phyllanthus longifolius,
See:—Phyllanthus disti- 85. Sebastiania chamaelea,
chus. Muell.
67. *Phyllanthus maderas- 86. Securinega leucopyrus,
patensis, Linn. Muell. & DC. See:—
68. *Phyllanthus multiflorus, Plueggea leucopyrus,
Willd. Muell. & DC, Wight.
 560 1"HE INDIAN MATERIA. MEDICA

87. Tragia cannabina. See:— Obcordata; Trianthema

Tragia involucrata, Linn. pentandra, Linn. Trian-
88. *Tragia involucrata, Lirai. thema portulacastrum,
See:—^Tragia cannabina. Linn.
89. Trewia macrophylla. 10. Trianthema obcordata,
See:—T. nudiflora; Kott- See:—^Trfai^thema pen-
lera indica; Rottlera tandra, Linn. Trianthema
hooperiana. monogyna, Linn.
90. *Trewia nudiflora, Linn. 11. *Trianthem.a pentandra,
See:—Trewia macro- Linn. See>—Trianthema
phylla. Rottlera indica. obcordata.
Rottlera hooperiana. 12. Ti-ianthenia portulacas-
trum, Linn. See:—^Trian-
thema monogyna, Linn
68. FAGACEAE.
p.. Castanea sa'tiva. Mill 70.FLACOURTIACEAE.
'^- See:—Castanea vulgaris, ^Flacourtia cataphracta,
Lam. Roxb.
F l a c o u r t i a obcordata.
69. FICOIDACEAE, or See:—Flacourtia sepiaria.
FICOIDAE 3. Flacourtia ramontchi, L.
(AIZOACEAE). Herit. See:—Flacourtia
sapida.
1. *Giesekia phamacoides, Flacourtia sapida, Roxb.
Linn. Flacourtia sepiaria, Roxb.
2. Glinus lotoides. See:—Flacourtia obcor-
3. MoUugo cerviana, Ser- data.
inge, See: —M o 11 u g o 6. Gynocardia odorata, R.
stricta; Linn. MoUugo tri- Br. or Gynocardia hydno-
phylla. carpus and Taraktogenos
4. MoUugo hirta, Thumb. kurzii, Chaulmoogra odo-
See:—Phamaceum pen- rata, Chilmoria dodecan-
tagonum, Roxh. dra.
5. M o 11 u g o pentaphylla, 7. Hydnocarpus a 1 p i n a,
Linn. See:—M o 11 u g o • Wight.
stricta. . 8. Hydnocarpus anthelmin-
6. MoUugo spergula, Linn. tica, Pierre.
See:—MoUugo oppositi- 9. Hydnocarpus castanea,
foUa, Linn. Hk. j . & T.
7. MoUugo stricta, Linn. 10. Hynocarpus heterophyl-
See:—MoUugo penta- lus, Kurz. See:—Tarakto-
phylla. genos Kurzii.
8. Trianthema decandra, 11. Hydnocarpus inebrians.
Linn. Wall or Vahl. See:—
9. *Trianthema monogyna, Hydnocarpus wightiana,
Linn. See:—^Trianthema Ulume.
 INDEX 5S1

12. Hydnocarpus K u r z i i, 2. Agaricus (Psalliota) capi-

Warbg. See:—Tarakto- pestris, Linn.
genos kurzii. 3. Agaricus igniarius.
13. Hydnocarpus octandra, 4. *Agaricus (Pleurotus) or
Thiv. Agaricus ostreatus, Jac'q.
14. Hydnocarpus odorata, Agaricus palmalus.
hind. 5. Boletus crocatus, Batsch.
15. Hydnocarpus venenata, See:—Agaricus ostreatus.
Gaertn. See:—Hydnocar- 6. *Polyporus officinalis.
pus inebrians. Fries.
16. Hydnocarpus wightiana, 7. Torula cerevisae, See:—
Blume. See:—Hydnocar- Torula "saccharomyces.
pus inebrians. 8. Toi-ula saccharomyces,
17. Taraktogenos kurzii, See:—Torula cerevisae.
King. See:—Gynocardia
odorata; Gynocardia hyd- 75. GENTIANACEAE.
nocai-pus; Hydnocarpus
heterophyllus Hydnocar- 1. Canscora decussata,
pus kurzii. Roem. et. Schult. See:—
Plfidera decussata.
71. FLORIDEAE. 2. Canscora diffusa, JR. Br.
1. Porphyra vulgaris, Linn. See:—Canscora lawii.
3. Enicostema 1 i 11 o r a 1 e, •
Blume. See:—Adenema
72. FRANKENIAGEAE. hyssopifolium.
1. Frankenia _ pulverulenta, 4. Erythraea roxburghii, G.
Linn. Don.
5. Exacum bicolor, Roxb.
6. Exacum lawii, Clarke.
73. FUMERIACEAE. 7. Exacum pedunculatum,
1. Corydalis govaniana, Linn.
Wall. 8. E x a c u m tetragonum,
2. Fumaria officinalis, Linn. Roxb.
See:—Fumaria parvi- 9. Gentiana chirata, Roxb.
floraT See:—Gentiana kurroo.
3. Fumaria parviflora, 10. Gentiana dahurica, Fisch.
LarAk. Sub sp. Vaillantii, See:—Gentiana olivieri.
Hook. & Var:—^Persica, 11. Gentiana decumbens,
Pugsley. Same as F. offi- Linn.
cinalis, See:—F. indica. 12. Gentiana kurroo, Royle.
4. Fumaria vaillantii, See:— Gentiana chirata, Royle.
F. Indica, Haiissk. 13. Gentiana olivieri, Griseb.
See:—Gentiana dahurica.
74. FUNGI. 14. Gentiana tenella. Fries.
15. Limnanthemum crista-
1. Agaricus albus. tum, Griseb.
36
 562 TflE INDIAN IitATERIA MEDICA

16. Lamnanthemum nym- 27. Swertia corymbosa,

phaeoides, Link. See:— Wight.
Menyanthes nymphaeoi- 28. Swertia de cu.ssata,
des, Linn. Nimmo. See:—Ophelia
17. Menyanthes trifoliata, alba.
Linn. 29. Swertia paniculata, Wall.
18. O p h e l i a angustifolia, 30. Swertia parensis, Linn.
Don. See:—Swertia an- or Swertia perennis, Linn.
gustifoUa; Swertia chi- 31. Swertia purpurascens,
retta; Gentiana kurroa. Wall.
19. Opheha chiretta, or
chirata DC.^ See:—Swer- 76. GERANIACEAE.
tia chiretta or chirata.
Gentiana kurroa or kur- 1. G e r a n i u m nenalense.
roo. Sweet. See:—Geranium
20. Ophelia eligans or elegan.s affine; G. ocellalum; G.
\' . or eliganii? Wight. See:— rubertianum.
Ophelia chiretta; Ophelia Geranium ocellatum,
angustifolia; Ophelia mul- Camb. Var:—Geranium
tiflora; See:—Swertia an- himalaicum, R. Kunth.
gustifolia. 3. Geranium rpbertianum,,
21. Ophelia multiflora, Dalz. Linn.
See:—Swertia decussata; 4. Geranium wallichianum,,
Swertia chiretta; & Gen- Sweet.
tiana kurroa.
22. Pladera decussata, See:— 77. GNETACEAE.
Canscora decussata,
Schutt: 1. Ephedra alata. See:—
23. Swertia affinis, C.^ B. Ephedra peduncularis.
Clarke. See:—Swertia 2. Ephedra alte. See:—
angustifolia, Ham. Ephedra pedunCularis.
3. Ephedra distachya, LiJitu
24. Swertia alata, Royle. See:—Ephedra vulgariis.
See:—Ophelia alata. Ephedra gerardiarja.
Griseh. 4.
Wall. See:—Ephedra vul-
25. Swertia angustifolia, garis. Var:—saxatilis, siM-
Ham. See:—Swertia affi- kimensis & wallichii.
nis; Swertia pulcheUa. 5. Ephedra intermedial
Var:—Pulchella, Burkill; Schrenk & May. See:—-\
See:—S. affinis, Opelia Ephedra vulgaris; Ephe-
elegans. dra pachyclada, Boiss.
26. Swertia chirata. Ham. Var:—Glauca & Tibetica.
See:—Ophelia chirata, 6. Ephedra monostachya.
DC. Swertia affinis; See:—Ephedra vulgaris, j*
Swertia paniculata; Swer- E. intermedia. ,t
tia purpurascens; Swer- 7. Ephedra pachyclad;
tia angustifolia. Boiss. See:—Ephedra i'
 INPEX 5&3--

termedia; Ephedra bul- 8. Andropogon lawsoni, Hk..

garis. f.
8. Ephedra peduncularis, 9. Andropogon martini oir
Boiss. Andropogon calamus; An-
9. Ephedra tibetiea. See:— dropogon aromaticus, or
Ephedra vulgaris. Andropogon pochmodes.
10. Ephedra vulgaris, Rich. 10. Andropogon monticola,
& Hook. See:—Ephedra Schult.
gerardiana, E. pachy- 11. Andropogon m?jricatus,
-clada. Retz o Andropogoa
squarsus. See:—Phalaris
78. GOODEMACEAE or zizanoides or Agrostis
GOODENIACEAE. verticulata or Anatherum
muricatum; Vertiveria
1. *Scaevola or Scaveola koe- odorata; Vertiveria ziza-
nigii, VaM. See:—Scae- nioides.
vola frutescens. 12. A n d r o p o g o n nardus,
Linn. See:—Cymbopo-
79. GRAMINACEAE gon nardus.
1. Apluda varia Hack. See:- 13. Andropogon odoratus,
Apluda aristdia, Linn. Lisboa. See:—Amphikfe-
phis odorata.
14. Andropogon pertusus,
80. GRAMMEAE. or Willd.
GRAMINACEAE. 15. A n d r o p ogon • pumilus,
1. A g r o p y^r o n repens, Roxb.
Beauv. See:—Triticum 16. Andropogon purpureo-
repens, Limn. \ sericeuE, Hockst.
2. Andropogon annulatus, 17. Andropogon ^choenanthus,
Forsk. Linn. See:—•Andropogon.
3. *Androp»ogon citratus or citratis; Cianbopogon
DC. citratuni? or Andro- shoenaathus.
pogon shoenanthus. See:- 18. Arundo bambbs, Linn.
Cymbopogon citratus. See:—Bambusa arundi-
4. Andropogon contortus, naceae.
Linn. See:—Heteropogon. 19. Avena fatua^ Linn.
5. Andropogon halepensis, 20. *Avena sativa, Linn, or
Brot.'^ Avena orientalis? Variety:
6. Andropogon waraneusa, orientalis hook.
Jones & Ro.xb. or Andro- 21. *Bambusa arundinaeeay
pogon laniger. See:— Retz. & Willd. See:—
Cymbopogon warancusha, Bambusa apous & Bam-
or jawrancusha? busa orientalis & Bam-
7. Andropogon laniger, Desf. busa spinosa.
See:—Cymbopogon shoe- 22. Catabrosa aquatiea,
nanthus. Beauv.
 564 • THE INDL\N MATERIA MEDICA

23. Cehchrus bifloris, Roxb. 39. Iseilema anthephoroides,

24. Chloris barbata, Sw. Hack.
25. Coix lachryma, Jobi, 40. Iseilema wightii, Anders.
Linn. 41. Lamarkia aurea, Moench.
26. Cymbopogon caesius, , 42. Lolium. temulentum,
Staph. Linn.
27v • *Cymbopogon citratus, 43. Manisuris granularis, Sw.
Stap. & Cymbopogon & Linn.
flexuosus, or Cymbopo- 44. Melica ciliata, Duthie.
• gonshoenanthus. See:— 45. Mo 1 in i a coerulea,
Andropogon citratus. Moench.
28. Cymbopogon flexuosus, 46. *Oryza sativa, Linn.-
Stapf. See:—Cymbopogon 47. . Panicum antidotale, Retz.
citratus; Andropogon cit- 48. Panicum cruscoriii, Linn.
ratus; Cymbopogon shoe- See:—Echinochloa crus-
V nanthus. galli, P. Beauv.
29. Cymbopogon schoenan- 49. Panicum crusgalli, Linn.
thus, Spreng. See:—An- See:—Panicum frumen-
dropogon shoenanthus; A. taceum; Panicum itali-
laniger. cum; See;—Echinochloa
30. *Cynodon dactylon, Pers. crusgalli, P. Beativ.
31. Cynodon linearis. 50. Panicum dactylum, or
32. *Dendrocalamu3 strictus, Panicum dactylon, < Linn.
• iVees. See:—Cynodon da^ylon,
33. *Eleusine aegyptiaca, Desf. Persoon.
S e e:— Dactyloctenium 51. Panicum frumentaceum,
aegyptium. Roxb. See:—^Panicum
*See:—Sorghum hale- crusgalli, Linn. Panicum
pense. ., italicum; Ekhinochloa
34. *E 1, ,e u a i, n e coracana, colona; Echinochloa fru-
mentacea; Echinochloa
Gaertn. Eieusine aegyp- crusgalli.
tiaca, & Eieusine indica.
52. Panicum isachne, J?ot/i.
35.. Eieusine indica. Gaertn. 53. *Panicum italicum, Linn.
See:—Eieusine coracana. See:—Panicum frumen-
36. Eragrostis abyssinica. taceum, Roxb. See:-:-
37. • Eragrostis cynesuroides, Setariaitalica, Beauv.
Beauv. See:—Desmosta- 54. *Panicum javanicum, Poir.
chya bipitmata. Poa-r- 55. Panicum jumentorum.
• cynosuroides, Retz. See: —Panicum maxi-
37a. Grandiflorus plenissimus. mum, J acq.
38. Hordeum vulgare, syno:— 56. Panicum maximum, J a c q .
Hordeum sativum, Linn. See:—^Panicum jumen-
Hordeum decorticatum; torum.
Hordeum distichon; Hor- 57. Panicun>' miliaceura,
deum hexastichon. Linn.
 INDEX 565

58. *Panicujii miliare, Lavik. 76. Saccharum sara. See:—

59. Panicum. pilosurn. • ' Saccharum arundina^
ceum; Saccharum ciliare.
60. Panicum ramosum. 77. Saccharum spontaneum,:
61. Panicum tumentorum. Linn.
62. Paspalum ciliare. See:— 78. Setaria . glauca, Beauv.;,
Paspalum sanguinale, See:—i^gati. grandiflora,
Lamk. Desv. Sesbania grandi-
flora, Pers.
63. Paspalum sanguinale,
79. ""Setaria italica. Beaut;.
Lamk. See:—Paspalum
See:—Panicum frumen-
ciliare.
taceum; Panicum itali-
64. Paspalum scorbiculatum, cum.
Linn.
80. Sorghum halepense, Pers.
65. Pennisetum cenchroides See:—Sorghum vulgare,
Rich. Andropogon sorghum.
66. Pennisetum glaucum. SI. Sorghum saccharatum,
See:—Pennisetum typhoi- Pers.
deum. 82. *Sorghum vulgare, Pers.
67. Pennisetum purpureum, See:—Andropogon sor-
or purpurem? ghum.
68. *Pennisetum typhoides or 83. Stipa tortilis, Linn. •
typhoideum, Rich. See:~
Pennisetum spicatum. 84. . Thysanolaena .acarifera,
Pennisetujn glaucum, R. Nees. See:—^Thysanolaena
Br. procera, Mez.
69. Phalaris c a n a r i e n s i s , 85. Triticum sestivu.m, Linn.
Linn. See:-v-Triticum hyber-
70. Phalaris zizanoides, or num; Triticum sativum.
Agrostis verticulata, or 86. Triticum hybernum. See:-
Anatherum muricatum. Triticum aestivum.
See:—Andropogon muri- 87. Triticum pilosurn, Daiz
catus. & Gihs.
71. •*Poa-cynosuroides, Retz.
See:—Eragrostis cynosu- 88. Triticum sativum, Lam.
roides, Meauv. See:—^Triticum aestivum.
72. Saccharum-' arundina- 89. Triticum spelta, Linn.
ceum, Retz. See:—Sac- 90. •''Triticum vulgare.
charum ssra. Saccharum
91. Yetiveria odorata. See:—
ciliare. Andropogon, muricatus.
73. Sacchai'um ciliare, An-
ders. See:—Saccharum 92. *Vetiveria zizanioides,
munja. Stupj. See:—Andropogon
74. Saccharum officinarum, muricatus, & Andropo-
Lmn gon squarrosus.
75. Saccharum procerum. 93. '"Zea mays, Linn.
sm THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Si. GUTTIFERAE. 17. Mesua ferrea, Linn.

See:— Mesua roxburghii;
1. Calophyllum decifient. Mesua coromandeliana;.
See:—Calophyllum wigh- , Mesua iSpeciosa; Mesua
tianiim. pedunculata.
2. *Calophyllum inophyllum.- 18. M e s u a pedunculata,
Linn. See:-*-Balsamaria Wight. See:—Mesua fer-
inophyllum. rea; Mesua coroman-
3. Calophyllum wightianum, deliana; Mesua roxbur-
Wall, or Calophyllum de- ghii; Mesua speciosa.
cifient. See:—Calophyl- 19. Mesua roxburghii. See:—
lum apetalura. Mesua ferrea. Mesua
3 (a):—Calysaccion longif oli- coromandeliana; Mesua
um, Wight.—See: Mesua speciosa; Mesua pedun-
ferrea. culata.
4. Garcinia cambodia, Desr. 20. Mesua speciosa, Chois.'
5. Garcinia handburii, B.P. See:—^Mesua ferrea.
See:—Garcina pictoria. 21. *Ochrocarpos longitolia or
6. Garcinia heterandra, Wall. longifolius. Benth & Hook.
7. *Garcinia indica, Chois. See: —Longifolium ochro-.
See:—Garcinia purpura; carpus, Hk. f. & T.
Brindonia indica. Mesua ferrea.
8. *Garcinia mangostanaj Schult. See:—Sanseviera
Limi. 22. Xanthochymus pictorius,
9. Garcinia morella, Desr. Roxb. See:—Garcinia
See:—Garcinia gutta; Xanthochymus, Hk. Gar-
Garcinia pictoria. cinia tmctoria, Diinn,
10. Garcinia pedunculata, Garcinia pictoria, Roxb.
Roxh.
11. Garcinia pictoria, Roxb. 82. HAEMODORACEAE,
Garcinia morella; Gar- 1. Sansevieria roxburghiana,
cinia hanburii, B.P. 2. Sansevieria 2eylani'ca,
12 *Garcinia purpurea, Willd. See:—Sansevieria
Roxb. See:—Garcina in- roxbui'ghiana. Schult.
dica.
13. Garcinia wightii.
14; *Garcinia xanthochymus, 83. HAMAMEUDACEAE.
Hook. See:— Garcinia 1. Altingia excelsa, Norotiha.
tinctoria; xanthochymus 2. Liquidambar orientalis.
tinctorius. Milter.
15 Longifolium ochrocarpus,
Hk. i. & T. See:—Ochro- 84. HELICTEHEAE.
carpos longifolius, Benth.
& Hook. 1. Peterospermum aserifoli-
W. Mesua coromandeliana, um.
Wight. See:—Mesua fer- 2. Peterosparmum hejiiea-
rea, etc. nuin.
 INDEX 567

3. Peterospez'mum suberi- 4.
Crocus sativus, Linn, or
folium Crocus saffron.
5. Iris ensata, Thunb.
35. HERNANDIACEAE. 6. Iris fiorentina, Linn. Iris
germanica; & Iris pallida.
1. Hernandia peltata, Meissn. 7. Iris fbetidissima, Linn.
See:—^Hernandia sonora. 8. Iris germanica, Liym.
See:—Iris fiorentina.
86. HYDROCHARITA- 9. Iris kumaonensis. Wall.
10. Iris nepalensis, Don.
CEAE. 11. IHs pallida. See:—^Iris
1. *Vallisneria spiralis, fiorentina, Linn.
Linn. 12. Iris pseudocorus.

S7. HYDROPHYLLACEAE. 92. IRIDEAE.

1. Hydi'olea zeylanica, Vahl. 1, Pardanthus chinensis,
Ker.
88, HYPERICACEAE. 93. JUGLANDACEAE.
1. Hypericum oblongifolium,
Wall. See:—Hypericum 1. Juglans regia, Linn.
patuium.
2. Hypericum patuium, 94. JUNCACEAE.
Thumb. See:—Hypericum 1. Luzula campestris, DC.
oblongifolium.^
3. Hypericum perforatum,
Linn. 95. LABIATAE.
1. Ajuga bracteosa, Wall.
89, ICACINACEAE. 2. *Anisochilus carnosus,
1. Sarcostigma kleinii. W. & Wall. See:—Plectranthus
A. . • strobiliteros.
3. Anisomeles malabarica,
R. Br. or Anisomeles
90. ILICINEAE. ovata; or Anisomeles dis-
1. Ilex, aquifolium, Linn, ticha, or Anisomeles
2. Ilex paraguay^nsis, St. frutiosa.
Hilaire. 4. Anisomeles ovata, R. Br.
See:—Anisomeles indica.
91. IRIDACEAE. 5. Ballata or Ballota lim-
bata, Benth.
1. Belamcanda chinensis, 6. Basilicum citratum, See—
Lenian. Ocimum basilicum; Oci-
2. Crocus indicus, See:— cum anisatura.
Carthamus tinctorius. 7. Brumella vulgaris, Linn.
3; Crocus saffron, See:— 8. Calamintha clinopodium,
Crocus sativus. Benth.
 568 THE INDIAN MATKRIA MEDICA

9. Colebrookea oppositifolia. 31. *L euc as cephaletes

Sm. See:—Colebrookea Spreng. See:—Leucas as-
ternifolia. pera, & Leucas linifolia.
10. Coleus amboinicus, Lour. .32. *Leucas linifolia, Spreng.
See:—Coleus aromaticus. • See:—Leucas cephalotes;
11. *Coleus aromaticus, Leucas aspera.
Benth. See:—Coleus am- 33. Leucas stelligera, Wall:
boinicus; C. carnosus; 34. Leucas zeylanica, R. Br.
Phectranthus aromaticus. ' 35. Lycopus europaeus, Linn.
12. Coleus barbatus, Benth.
13. 36. Majorana hortensis. Mo-
Coleus carnosus, See:— ench. See:—Origanum
Selaginella imbricata. rr^ajorana, Linn. Ori-
14. Coleus malabaricus. ganum vulgare, Linn. .
15. Coleus scutellarioides.
16. Coleus spicatus, See:— 37. Marrubium germanicum.
Anisochilus' carnosus. See:—Marrubium hama-
% 17. Dracocephalum moldavi- lalium;' Marrubium vul-
cum, Linn. gare.
18. 38. Marrubium hamalalium,
Dracocephalum , roylea- See:—Marrubium vul-
num, Royle. gare; Marrubium germa-
19. Eremostachys vicaryi, nicunii.
Benth. 39. Marrubium vulgare, Linn.
20. Geniosporum proslratum, on Marrubium hamalium;
Benth. Marrubium germanicum.
21. Hyssopus officinalis, Linn. 40. Melissa parviflora, Benth.
22. Hyssopus parviflora,
41. Mentha acquatica, Linn.
Beivth. See:—Mentha piperita,
23. Lallemantia royleana, Linn. Mentha officinalis;
Benth. Mentha vulgaris; Mentha
24. Lavandula bipinnata, O. incana; Mentha hirsute;
Ktze. See:—Lavandula Mentha Canadensis o^
burmanni, Benth. canadense?
25. Lavandula burmanni, 42. Mentha arvensis, Linn.
Benth. See:—Lavandula See:—Mentha canadensis;
bipinnata. Mentha piperascens.
26. Lavandula carnosa. See:— 43. Mentha canadensis, (Japa-
Aniscochilus carnosus. nese) See:— Mentha ar-
Wall. vensis, Linn.
27. Lavandula stoechas, Lin^i. 44. Mentha piperascens, (Ja-
See:—Romero santa. , panese). See:^—^^Mentha
28. '^Leonitis nepetaefolia, R. arvensis, Linn. Mentha
Br. See:—PhJomis nepe- canadensis, fJapanese).
taefolia, Roxb. 45. *Mentha piperita, Linn,
See:^—Mentha incana;
2Q. Leonurus sibiricus, Linn. Mentha hirsuta; Mentha
30. *Leucas aspera, Spreng. canadensis or canadense;
See:—Phlomis esculenta. Mentha aquatica; M.
 INDEX 569

saliva; Mentha officinalis; 61. Ocimum frutescens,

M. vulgaris. J- See:—Ocimum gratis-
46. *Mentha sativa, Linn. simum, . Linn. Citratum
See:—Mentha canadensis zeylanicum.
or canadense; Mentha 62. Ocimum grandiflorum,
hirsuta; Mentha incana; See:—Ocimum longS-
Mentha oflicinaHs; Mentha florum or longifolium Or-
vulgaris; Mentha aqua- thosiphon stamineus.
tica. 63. Ocimum gratissimum,
47. Mentha sylvestris, Linn. Linn. See:—Ocimum fru-
See:—Mentha viridis, tescens; Citratum; zeyla-
Linn. Mentha crispa. nicum.
Menyanthes trifoliata, 64. Ocimum hirsutam, See:—
Linn. Ocimum tom^ntosum;
48. *Mentha viridis, Linn. Ocimum- viride; Ocimum
See:—Mentha crispa; sanctum.
Mentha sylvestris. 65. Ocimum hispidum, See:—
49. Meriandra bengalensis, Ocimum pilosum, WHld.
Benth. Ocimum basilicum; Oci-
50. Metiandra strobilifera, mum indicum.
Benth. 66. Ocimum indicum. See:—
51. Micromeria capitellata, Ocimum pilosum; Oci-
Benth. See:— Mentha mum hispidum; Ocimum
piperata. basilicum.
52. Nepeta ciliaris, Benth. QH Ocdmum longiflorum,
53. Nepeta elliptica,- Royle. Hand. See:—or Ocimum
54. N e p e t a glomerulosa, longifolium? Ocimum
Boi^s. grandiflorum; OrthoSi-
54a. Nepeta malabarica, Linn. phon stamineus, Benth.
See:—Anisomeles mala- 68. Ocimum. minimum.
barica. See:—Ajugafruti- gg Ocimum pilosum, Willd.
cosa; Stachys mauritiana. See:—Ocimum basilicum;
55. Nepeta ruderalis, Ham. Ocimvim hispidum; ^ o r
& Hook. Basilicum indicum.
56. Ocimum album,.
rr, ^ ^ 70. * Ocimum sanctum, Linn.
57. Ocimum anisatum, See:— See:—Ocimum hirsutam;
Ocimum basilicum, Linn. Ocimum tomentosum;
Basilicum citratum. Ocimum viride.
58. *Ocim,um hasilicum, Linn. Ocimum tomentosum.
See:—Ocimum anisatum '^• See:—Ocimum hirsutam;
or Basilicum citratum. Ocimum sanctum; Oci-
Ocimum indicum; Oci- mum viride.
mum pilosum. Ocimum viride. See:—
59. Ocimum canum, . $ims. 72. Ocimum hirsutam; Oci-
See:—Ocimum album. mum sanctum, Linn. Oci-
60. Ocimum caryophyllatum, muni tomentosum.
Roxb.
570, THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

73. *Origanum majorana, 87. Pogostemon purpuricalis.

Linn. See:—Origanum See:—^Pogostemon parvi-
vulgare; Majorana hor- florus; Pogostemon pur-
tensis, Moench. .purascens, Dalz. Pogo.sfe-
"74. Origanum vulgare, Linn. mon plectranthoides, Desf.
75. Orthosiphon stamineus, 88. Prunella vulgaris, Linn.
Benth. See:—Ocimum, 88a. Romero santa, ' Se6:—
grandiflorum; Ocimum Lavandula stoeches, Linn.
longifolium or longiflo- 89. Rosmarinus officinalis,
rum? Linn.
76. Otostegia lirabata. Benth. 90. Roylea eleganus, Wall.
& Hook. 91. Salvia aegyptiaca, Linn.
77. Perovskja abratanojdes, Var:—Salvia puntilla.
Karel. 92. Salvia haematodes or
7,8. Perovskia atriplicifolia, haemotodes? Wall.
t Benth. 93. Salvia m.oorcroftiana,
79. Phlomis aephalotes, See* Wall. ^
—Leucas cephalotes. 94. *Salvia officinalis, Linn,
50. Phlomis nepetafolia, 94a. Salvia plebeia, R. Br.
Roxh. See:—Leonitis ne- See:—Salvia brachiata;
petaefolia. Salvia pumila.
51. Phlomis zeylanica, See:— 95. Salvia pumila, Benth. or
Leucas. pumilla? Use same sk
Sla. Plectranthus aromaticus, Salvia plebeia.-
See: Colens aromaticus. 96. Salvia spinosa, Limn.
52. Plectranthus strobiliteros, 97. Scutellaria galericulata,
See:—Anisochilus camo- Linn.
sus, Wall. 98. Scutellaria indica, Linn.
SS. Pogostemon pai'viflorus, 99. Stachys parviflora, Benth.
BeutK. See:—Pogoste-
mon purpurascens, Pogos- 100. Teucrium chamaedrys,
temon plectranthoides; Linn.
Pogostem<on purpuricalis. 101. Teucrium polium, X,inn.
84. *Pogostemon patchouli, 102. Teucrium scordium, Linn.
Pellet. 103. Thymus gracilis. See:—
S5. Pogostemon plectran- Thymus vulgaris, Linn.
thoides, Desf. Pogostemon Thymus zygis, Linn.
purpurascens; Pogoste- 104. Thymus seipyllum, Linn.
mon purpuricalis. Same Thymus vulgaris, Linn.
as Pogostemon parvi- 105. Thymus vulgaris, Linn^
florus, Benth. See:—^Thymus serpyllum,
86. Pogostemon purpurascens, Linn.
Dalz. Same as Pogoste- 106. Thjonus zygis, Linn.
mon parviflorus. See: — See:—^Thymus vulgaris,
Pogostemon purpuricalis; Linn. Thymus gracilis.
Pogostemon plectran- 107. Zataria raulttflora, Boiss.
thoides. 108. Ziziphora tenuior, Linn.
 INDEX 571

96. LAURACEAE. 13. Cinnamomum malabath-

rum.
1. '*Actinodaphne hookeri, 14. Cinnamomum nitidum,
Meiss7i. See:—Actino- Blunte: See:—•Cinnamo
daphne angustifolia. mum iners.
2. Camphora • officinarum, 15. Qinnamomum bbtusifoli-
Bauh.- •. See:-—Cinnamo- um, Nees.
mum . carophoxa^. \Nees. 16. Cinnamomum parthe-
Dryobalanops aromatica. noxylon, Meissn. See;—
Dryobalanops camphora. Sassafras parthenoxylon.
3. *Cassytha filiformis, Ijinyi. 17. Cinnamomum saigonicum,
4. Cinnamomum • - aromati- See:—Cinnamomum cas-
cum, Nees, See:—Cinna- sia.
momum cassia. 18. Cinnamomum tamala, Fr.
5. Cinnamomum camphora, Nees. See:—Cinnamo-
F. Nees. See:—Camphor^ mum iners; Cinnamomum
officinarum and other albiflorum.
camphor bearing plants. 19. *Cinnam.omum zeylani-
6. *Cinnamomum cassia, cum, Breyn. and allied
B 1 u m e, Cinnamomum varieties; See:—C. Cassia.
zeylanicum; Cinnamo- 20.. Laurus cassia. See: —
mum saigonicum; See: — Laurus cinnamomum;
Cinnamomum aromati- Cinnamomum cassia.
cum; & Cinnamomum 21. Laurus cinnamomum,
laurus. See: — Laurus See:—Laurus cassia.
cassia or Laurus cinna- 22. Laurus nobilis, Linn.
momum. 23. Lindera neesiana, Benth.
7. Cinnamomum eucalyp- 24. *Litsea citrata, Bl.
toides, See:—Cim^amo- 25. Litsea polyantha, Jus.t.
mum Inei"s, etc. etc. 26. Litsea sebifera, Pers.
See:—Litsea chinensis;
S, Cinnamomum glaiiduli- Sebifera proper. See:—
t'orum, Meisen. Tetranthera apetala.
J). Cinnamomum i n e r s, 27. *Litsea stocksii, Hook.
Reinw. Cinnamomum
28. *Machilus macrantha,
nitidum; Cinnan-nmum Nees.
eucalj^toides; CJnnamor 29. Tetranthera apetala. Wall.
mum tamala. See:—Tetranthera rox-
10. Cinnamomum laurus. burghii, Dalz. Gibhs. Tet-
See:—-Cinntimomum cas- ranthera laurifloria,
sia. Roxb. Nees. Litsaea chi-
11. Cinnamomum lignea, or nensis, Sebifera proper;
Cassia lignea, See:—Cin- Litsaea Tomentosa; Lit-
namomum tamala. Cin- saea sebifera, Pers.
namoro.um nitidium; Cin-
namomum eucalyptoides.
12. Cinnamomum loureiri, 9Ba. LAURINEAE.
Nees. 1. Actinodaphne dichotoma,
 572 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Forsk. 18. ]\€ezoneui'um sumatra-

2. Sassafras officinale, Nees. num, W.A:
19. Pachyrhizus angulatus,
97. LEGUMINOSAE or Rich. See:—Dolichos bul-
LEGUMINOSEAE. ,bosus.

1. *Acacia scadens, or scan- 98. LENTIBULARI-

dens? See:—EIntada scan- ACEAE.
dens.
2. '"Aeschynomene grandi- 1. Urticularia bifida, Li7in.
flora, Linn. See:—Agati
grandiflora. 99. LICHENES.
3. *Agati grandiflora, or
grandifolia? Desv. See:— 1.Lichin odoriferous. See:—
Aeschynomena grandi- Parmelia perlata.
flora; Sesbania grandi- 2. Parmelia kamstschadalis,
,. flora. Aeh. See:—Parmelia per-
*:• 4, Andira araroba. lata. Parmelia perforata.
5. Atylosia barbata, Baker. Parmelia parietina. Lichiii
odoriferous.
6. Coronelia grandiflora, 3. Parmelia parietina. See;—
See:—Agati grandiflora. Parmelia perlata. Par-
7. Cytisus cajan. See:— melia perforata. - P a r -
Cajanus indicus. melia karatschadalis. Li-
8. Hedysarum alhagi, Linn. chin odoriferous.
See:—Alhagi rhaurorum.
4. Parmelia perforata. See:
9. Hedysarum gangeticum, —Parmelia perlata. P a r -
Linn. See:—Desmodium melia parietina. Par-
gangeticum. melia kamstchadalis, Ach.
10. Hedysarum purpureum, Lichin odoriferous.
Roxb. See:—Desmodium
polycarpum. 5. Parmelia perlata, Ach.
See:—^Parmelia karat-
11. Hedysarum triflorum, schadalis. Parmelia parie-
Linn. See:—:Desniodium tina. Parmelia perforata.
triflorum, or Desmodium Lichin odoriferous.
heterophyllum.
12. Hedysarum tuberose,
Linn. & Roxb. See:— 100. LIUACEAE.
Pueraria tuberosa! 1. Allium ampeloprasum,
13. Jonesia atoka, Roxb. Linn. See:—Alliuin por-
See:—Jonesia pinnata. rum.
Saraca indica, Linn, 2. * Allium I ascalonicum,
14. Jonesia pinnata, Roxb. & Linn.
See:—Jonesia asoka. 3. - '"Allium cepa, Linn, or
Saraca indica, Linn,
Allium porrum, or Allium
15. Lotus corniculatus, Linn.
ascalonicum.
16. Lupjnu.$ albus, Linn. 4. Allium leptophyllum.
17. Medicago sativa. Wall.
 INDEX 573

5. Allium macleani, Baker. 34. Scilla coromandelif^aa,

See:—Orchis mascula. Roxh.
6. *Allium porrum, Linn. 35. Scilla hohenackeri, Fish
See:—Allium ampelopra- et May. See:—Scilla in-
sum. dica. Urginea scilla. Ur-
7. *Allium sativum, Linn. ginea maritimia. Urginea
8. Aloe abyssinica, Lam. indica.
9. Aloe barbadensis. 36. Scilla hyacinthina.
10. Aloe indica,- Royle. 37. *SciHa indica, Baker.
11. Aloe litoralis, Koening. See:—Ledebouria hyacin-
12. Aloe perryi, Baker. thoides; Ledebouria ma-
13. *Aloe vera, Linn. cula; Ledebouria hyacin-
14. Asparagus adscendens, thina. See:—^Urginea in-
Roxh. dica, Kimth.
15. Asparagus filicinus. Ham. 33 Smilax aspera, Linn.
16. Asparagus gonoclados, See:—Hemidesmus indi^
Baker. cus, R. Br.
17. *Asparagus officinalis, 39 Smilax china, Linn.
Linn. See:—Smilax pseudo-
18. *Asparagus racemosus, china.
Willd. 40. Smilax glabra, Roxb.
19. Asparagus sarmentosus,
or Asparagus gonoclados. 41. Smilax lanceaefolia Roxb.
20. Asphodelus fistulosus, 42. *Smilatx macrophylla,
Linn. Roxh. See:— Smilax zey-
21. . Asphodelus tenuifolius, •lahica, Linn.
Cauan. 43. Smilax officinalis.
22. ChlorophyDum arundi- 44. Smilax ornata.
naceum, Baker. 45. Smilax ovalifoUa, Roxb.
23. Chlorophytum attenua-
turn, Baker. See:—Smilax zeylanica,
24. Chlorophytum Liww.
brevis- 46. Smilax pseudo-china,
capum, Dalz.
25. Chlorophytum tuberosum, waid..
Baker. See:—Smilax China.
26. Colchicum illyrium, See:— 47. *Smilax zeylanica, Linn.
Marmadactylus gol. See:—Smilax macrophyl-
27. Colchicum luteum, Baker. la. See:—Smilax ovali-
(Substitute for C. autu- folia.
mnale). 48. Urginea indica, Kunth.
28. *Dracaena cinnabari, Balf. See:—Urginea maritima,
29. Fritillaria imperialis7~~ Linn. Scilla hohenackeri.
Linn. Ledebouria hyacinthoides
"30. *Gloriosa superba, Linn. or hyacinthina.
31. Iphigenia indica, A. Gray. 49. Urginea maritima, Linn.
32. Lilium giganteum. Wall. See:—Urginea indica,
33. Lilium neilgherrense, Kunth. Ui-ginea scilla,
Linn. Steinh.
 574 THE INDIAN MATERIA JJEDICA

50. Urginea scilla, Steinh. 103. LORANTHACEAE.

See:—Urginea indica; Ur-
ginea maritima. 1. *Loranthus elasticus,
51. Yucca gloriosa, Linn. Desr.
2. Loranthus falcatus, Linn.
101. UNACEAE. ' See:—^Loranthus longi-
florus.
1. Hugenia mystax, Linn. 3. Loranthus longiflorus,
2. Linum usitatissimum, Desr. See:— Loranthus
Linn. falcatus. ->
3. Modera canni, See:—Hugo- 4. Viscum album, Linn.
nia mystax, Linn. 5. Viscum a r t i culatum,
4. Reinwardtia trigyna, Burm.
Planch. See:—Reinward- 6. *Viscum monqicum, Roxb.
tia tetragyna, Planch. 7. Viscum orientale, Willd.

,102. LOGANIACEAE. 104. LYCOPODIACEAE.

1. *Fagraea fragrans, Roxh. 1. *Lycopodium clavatum.
See:—Cyrtophyllum pere- Linn. See:—Lycopodium
grinum. ' spores.
2. Fagraea imperialis Miq. 2. Lycopodium spores, Seei
3. Fagraea racemosa, Jack. —Lycopodium cavatum.
4. Strychnos axillaris, Coleh.
5. Strychnos blanda. 105. LYTHRACEAE.
6. Strychnos bourdiljoni, Sp.
Nova Brandis. 1. Ammannia baccifera,
7. Strychnos cinnamomi- Linn. See:—Ammannia
folia, Thu. See:—S. bour- vesicate ria.
dilloni; S. colubrina. 2. Ammannia octandra.
8. Strychnos colubrina, Wall. 3. Ammannia senegalensis,
& Linn. See:—S. nux Larti. & DC. See:—Am-
vomica; Lignum colubri- mannia auriciilata.
num; & S. cinnamomi- 4. Grislea tomentosa, Roxb.
folia. See:—Woodfordia flori-
9. Strychnos gaultheriana. bunda.
Pier. 5. *Lagerstroemia flos-re-
10. Strychnos ignatii, Berg. ginae, Retz.
11. Strychnos maingayi, 6. *Lager£troemia lanceolata,
Clarke. Wall.
12. Strychnos minor. 7. *Lagerstroemia parir-flosh,
13. *Strychnos n u x vomica, or parviflora, Roxb.
Linn. 8. Lawsonia alba. Lam. &
14. Strychnos - potatorum, Lawsonia spinosa; & Law-
Linn. sonia inermis.
15. Strychnos rheedei, Clarke. 9. Lawsonia inermis, Linn.
16. Strychnos wallichiana, See:—Lawsonia alba;
Benth. Lawsonia spinosa.
 INDEX 575

10. Lythrum fruticosum, 107. MALPIGHIACEAE.

Linn. See:—Woodfordia
fruticosa; Woodfordia " 1. Hiptago m a d a b 1 o ta,
floribujida. Gvertn. See:—Hiptago-
11. Rotala leptopetala, benghalensis.
Koehne.
12. *Rota]a verticillaris, Linn. 108. MALVACEAE.
33. *Sonneratia acida, Linn.
See:—Sonneratia caseo- 1. *AbeImoschus esculentus,
laris. W.& A. or Linn. See:—
14. *Woodfordia floribunda, Hibiscus esculentus,
Salisb. See:—Woodfordia Linn. Hibiscus longilolia,
fruticosa; Grislea tomen- 2. Abelmoschus moschatus,
tosa, Roxb. Lythrum Medik or Moench. S^e:—
fruticosum, Linn. Hibiscus abelmoschus,
15. Woodfordia fruticosa, Linn.
Kurz. See:—Woodfordia 3. Abutilon asiaticum, G,
floribunda; & "Lythrum Don.
fruticosum. 4. Abutilon avicennae,
Gaertn. See:—Abutilon
106. MAGNOLIACEAE. theophrasti.
5. Abutilon graveolens, W,
1. lUicium griffithii, Hk. j . & A. See:—Abutilon hir-
& T. tum.
2. Uhcium religiosum, S. & 6. *Abutilon indicum, G.
L. Don. Sw. or Abutilon
3. Illicium verum, Hook^ •asiaticum. See:—^Sida in-
3a. Michelia cathcartii. See:— dica.
Michelja champaca. 7. Althaea officinalis, Linn.
4. Michelia champaca, Linn. 8. Althaea rosea, Cav. or
See:—Michelia muran- Linn? (Same as A. offici-
tiaca. nalis) .
•5. Michelia excelsa. See:— 9. Gossypium acuminatum.
Michelia champaka. 10. *Gossypium arboreum,
6. Michelia kisopa. See:— Linn.
Michelia champaka. 11. *Gossypium barbadense,
7. Michelia murantiaca. Linn. See:—Gossypium
See:—Michelia champaka, cernuum.
Linn. 12. Gossypium. cernuum, Tod.
8. Michelia nilagirica,'Zerifc. See:—Gossypium barba-
See:—Michelia pulney- dense.
ensis, Wight. 13. *Gossypium herbaceum,
9. Michelia pulneyensis, Linn. See:—Gossypium
Wight. See:—Michelia indicum.
nilagirica. 14. Gossypium hirsutum,
10. Michelia rheedi. See:— Linn. Var:—religiosa,
Michelia champaka. Watts.
576 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

15. *Gossypium indicum. See:- 30. *Hibiscus tiliaceus, Linn.

Gossypium herbaceum. - See:—^Hibiscus tortuosus;
16. *Gossypium neglectum, Paritium tiliaceum;
Tod. See:—Gossypium Kydia calycina, Roxb.
vera or Vera rosea? 31. Hibiscus vulgaris.
17. Gossypium obtusifolium, 32. Kydia calycina, Roxb.
Roxh. See:—Hibiscus tiliaceus.
18. Gossypium i-eligiosiim, Kydia-' roxburghiana;
Watt. Kydia fraterna.
19. Hibiscus abelmoscHus, 33. Kydia fraterna, Roxb.
Linn, or Hibiscus moscha- See:—Kydia calycina.
tus, or Bamia moschatus 34. Kydia r o x b u r ghiana,
or Abelmoschus moscha- Wigiit. See:—^Kydia qaly-
tus. cina. '
,20.- *Hibiscus cannabinus, 35. Malachra capitata, Linn.
Lin7i. See:—Corchorus See:—Hibiscus tiliaceus.
c&psularis, Linn. Hibiscus 36. Malva parviflora, Linn.
camiabiscus. 37. Malva roundifolia, Linn.
21. Hibiscus cannabiscus, 38. Malva sylvestris, Linn.
See:;—Hibiscus Canna- See:—^Malva vulgaris.
binus, Linn. Corchorus 39. Malva vulgaris. Fries.
capsularis, Linn. See:—Malva sylvestris.
.22. *Hibiscus esculentus, Linn.
40. Pavonia odorata, Willd.
Var:—cancellatus or H.
longifolia. See:—^Abel- 41. *Pavonia procumbens,
moschus esculentus. . Boiss.
42. Pavonia zeylanica, Cav.
23. Hibiscus furcatus, Willd.
See:—Pavonia odorata.
See:—Hibiscus aculeatus,
43. Sida acuta, Burm. See:—
Roxb.
Sida carpinifolia; Sida
24. Hibiscus lampas, Cav. lanceolata.
See:^Thespesia lampas,
Thespesia macrophylla, 44. Sida a!lba, See:—Sida spi-
Detz. nosa; Sida alinifolia.
25. Hibiscus micranthus, 45. Sida alinifolia, See:—Sida
Linn. alba; Sida spinosa, Linn.
26. Hibiscus moschatus. See:- 46. Sida altheifolia. See:—
Bamia moschatus & Abel- Sida cordifolia; Sida her-
moschus moschatus, ,bacea; Sida rotundifolia.
Hibiscus abelmoschus. 47. *Sida carpinifolia, Linn.
27. Hibiscus populneus, or See:—Sida acuta; Sida
Linn. Hibiscus populnea? lanceolata.
See:—^Thespesia popul- 48. Sida cordifolia, Linn.
nea. See:—Sida - althaeifolia;
28.. *Hibiscus Rosa-sinensis, Sida herbacea; Sida ro-
Linn. tundifolia; Sida rhombi-
29. Hibiscus sabdariffa, Linn. folia; Sida rhomboidea;
 INDEX 577

Sida retusa; Sida orienta- See:—Urena speciosa.

lis. 63. Urena sinuata, Linn.
49. Sida herbacea, See:— See:—^Urena lobata, Linn.
Sida cordifolia; Sida 64, Urena speciosa. Wall.
althaeifolia; Sida rotundi- See:—Urena repanda.
folia.
50. Sida humilis, Willd. See:- 109. MARSILIACEAE.
Sida veroriicifolia. 1. Marsilia grandifolia, Linn.
51. Sida indica, Linn. See:—
Abutilon indicum, G. 110. MELASTOMACEAE.
Don.
52. Sida lanceolata. See:— 1. Melastoma malabathri-
Sida acuta; Sida caipini- cum, Linn.
folia. 2. Memecylon amplexicaule,
53. Sida orientalis, See:— Roxb. See:—Memecylon
Sida rhombifolia, Linn. microstomum.
Sida rhomboidea. Sida 3. Memecylon angustifolium
retusa; Sida cordifolia. Wight.
54. Sida retusa, See:—Sida 4. Mem.6cylon edule, Roxb.
rhombifolia, Linn. Sida See:—Memocylon umbel-
rhomboidea; Sida orien- latum, Biirm. & Memocy-
talis; Sida cordifolia, lon tinctorium.
Linn, 5. Memecylon tinctorium,
55. '•'Sida rhombifolia, Linn. Keen. See:—-Memecylon
Var:—Sida rhomboidea; edule; Memecylon umbel-
or Sida orientalis; or latum.
Sida retusa; Sida cordi- 6. Osbeckia cupularis, Don.
folia.
56. Sida rhomboidea. See:— 111. MELIACEAE.
Sida retusa; Sida cordi-
folia, Linn. Sida orienta- 1. Aglaia roxburghiana,
lis; Sida rhombifolia, Hiern.
Linn. Hiern. See:—Aglaia odo-
57. Sida spinosa, Linn. See:— ratissima.
Sida alba; Sida alnifolia. 2. Amoora rohituka, W. &
A. See:—Aphanamixis
58. Sida veronica^ifolia, Lam. polystachya.
See:—Sida humilis. 3. *Azadirachta indica, A.
59. Thespesia lampas, Dalz Juss. See:—Melia azadir-
& Gibs. See:—Hibiscus achta; Melia indica.
lampas, Cav. 4. Cadreia toona.
60. *Thespesia populnea, 5. Carapa moluccensis, Lavn.
Corr. See:—Hibiscus po- See:—Xylocarpus grana-
pulnea. tum.
61. *Urena lobata, Linn. See:— 6. Chloroxylon swietenia,
Urena sinuata, Linn. DC. See:—Swietenia chlo-
62. Urena repanda, Roxb. roxylon.
37
578 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

7. Chukrasia tabularis, Adr. mum cocculus; Minisper-

Juss. mum heteroclitum; Mi-
8. Dysoxylum malabaricum ni.sj)ermum monadel-
Bedd. phum; Anamirta panicu-
9. Heynea sumatrana, Miq. lata; Anamirta toxifera;
10. *Heynea trijuga, Roxb. Cocculus flavescens.
See:—Walsura trijuga. 2. Anamirta paniculata,
11. Melia azadirachta, Linn. Coleb. See:—Anamirta
See:—Azadirachta indica, cocculus; Anamirta toxi-
Juss. fera. Cocculus suberosus.
12. * Melia azedrach, Linn.
See:—Melia sempervi- 3. Cissampelos hernandifo-
rens. lia. See:—Cissampelos
hexandra.
13. Melia dubia, Hiern or
Cav. See:—Melia com- 4. Cissampelos hexandra,
posita. Roxb. or Cissampelos
hernandifolia, See:—
14. Melia robusta, Roxb.
Stephania hernandifolia.
See;—^Melia superba. Me-
lia compositae! 5. *Cissampelos pareira, Linn.
15. Melia sempervirens, Sw. See:— C i s s a m p e l o s
See:—Melia azedarach. caapeba; Cissampelos
16. Melia superba, See:— convolvulacea; Cissam-
Melia dubia; Melia ro- pelos triandra; Batta
Wsta. valle.
17. Naregamia alata, W. & 6. ~*Cocculus cordifolia, or
A. Cocculus cprdifolius?
18. Sandoricum indicum, See:—Tinospora cordifo-
Cav. See:—Melia koet- lia, Miers. Menispermum
jape. cordifolium; Tinospora
19. *Soymida febrifuga, Adr. malabarica.
& Juss. See:—Swietenia 7. Cocculus indicus. See:—
febrifuga; Soymida or Cocculus suberosus.
.Swietenia rubra. 8. Cocculus leaeba, DC.
20. Swietenia febrifuga, See:—Similar to Tinos-
Roxb. See:-^Swietenia pora cordifolia.
rubra; Soymida febrifuga. 9. Cocculus suberosus or
21. Swietenia rubra, See:— Cocculus indicus.
Swietenia febrifuga, 10. Cocculus. villosus, DC.
Roxb. Soymida febrifuga, See:—^Cocculus hirsutus.
Adr. Juss. 11. Coscinium fenestratum,
22. Tnrraea villosa, Benn. Colebr. See:—Menisper-
23. Walsura piscidia, Roxb. mum fenestratum,
Gaertn.
112. MENISPERMACEAE. 12. Fibraurea tinc'toria, Lour.
1. Anamirta cocculus, Wight 13. J a t e r o h i z a calumba,
& Am. See:—Minisper- Miers.
 \ INDEX 579

14. Menispermum cordifo- 113. MIMOSACEAE. or

lium, Willd. See:—^Coc- MIMOSEAE or
culus • cordifolia, Miers.
Tinospera cordifolia.
MIMOSOIDEAE
15. Menispermum fenestra- 1. Acacia arabica, Willd. or
tum, Gaertn. See:—Cosci- Acacia ferruginea.
nium fenestratum. 2. Acacia catechu, Willd. or
• 16. Menispermum hirsutum, W. & A. or Acacia walli-
Linn. See:—Cocculus vil- chiana; Acacia suma; &
losus; Cocculus hirsutus. Acacia polyacantha.
IT. Pachygone ovata, Poir. 3. *Acacia concinna, DC. or
See:—Cocculus pluke- See:—Acacia rugata. •
nelii, Kbkoona or Coccu- 4. *Acacia farnesiana, Willd.
lus zeylanica. 5. Acacia ferruginea, DC.
18. Pericampylus incanus, 6. Acacia intsia, Willd. &
Miers. See:—Pericampy- W. & A. See:—Acacia
lus glaucus. cassia.
19. Stephania hernandifolia, 7. Acacia jacquemontii,
Willd. & Walp. See:— Benth.
Cissampelos hernandifo- 8. *A c a c i a leucbphloea,
lia; Clypes hernandifolia; Wdld. or Acacia loeuco-
Cissampelos hexandra. phlea? Willd.
20. Stephania rotunda, Hook 9. Acacia modesta. Wall.
&. Lour. See:—Stephania 10. Acacia pennata, Willd.
glabra. Sues same as 11. A c a c i a polyacantha,
Benth.
Stephania hernandifolia.
12. Acacia Senegal, Willd.
21. Tiliacora racemosa, 13. Acacia speciosa. See;—
Colebr.. See:—Tiliacora Abbizzia lebbeck.
acuminata, (Lam) Miers. 14. Acacia wallichiana.
22. T i n o s p o r a cordifolia, 15. *Adenanthera pavonina.
Miers. See:—Menisper- 15a. Adenanthera vascica.
mum cordifolium. Co- See:—Adhatoda vasica.
culus cordifolia, Miers.
16. Albizzia amara, Boivin.
23. Tinospora crispa, Miers. See:—Mimosa amara.
See:—Cocculus villosus, 17. Albizzia j u l i b r i s s i n ,
& Menispermum verru- Durazz.
cosum. 18. *Albizzia lebbeck, Benth.
24. Tinospora malabarica. See:—Acacia speciosa.
Lam. See:—Cocculus cor- 19. *Albizzia odoratissima,
difolia, & T. tomentosa; Benth.
Pee-amerdu. 20. *Albizzia procera, Betnh.
25. Tinospora tomentosa, 21. Albizzia stipulate, Boivin.
Miers or Coleh? See:—T. 22. Dichrostachys cinerea,
cordifolia & T. malaba- W. & A. See:—Mimosa
rica. cinerea.
 58.0 THE INDIAN MATERIA MBDICA

23. Entada scandens, Benth. 44. Pithecellobium lobatum,

Seer^Entada pusaetha, Benth.
or Acacia scandens or 45. *Pitheceliobium saman.
scadens? 46. Prosopis spicigera, Linn.
24. Entada pusaetha, See:— 47. Xylia d o l a b r i f ormis,
Entada scandens, Benth. Benth.
25. Mimosa amara, Roxb.
See:—Albizzia amara, 114. MORINGACEAE.
Boivin & Roxh.
26. Mimosa arabica, See:— 1. Moringa concanensis,
Acacia arabica. Niinmo.
27. Mimosa catechu Linn. 2. Moringa oleifera, Lam.
See:—Acacia catechuj See:—Moringa pterygos-
Willd. perma; GuilandLna mo-
28. Mimosa cinerea, See:— ringa; Hyperanthera mo-
Dichrostachys cinerea, W. ringa. ^
3. Moringa pterygospermct>>
x; & A. Gaertn. Guilandia mo-
29. Mimosa entade, See:— ringa; Hyperanthera mo-
-Entada scandens. ringa; Moringa oleifera.
30. Mimosa farnesiana, See:—
Acacia farnesiana.
31. Mimosa kalkora, or Albiz- 115. MYRICACEAE.
zia julibrissin, Durazz. 1. Myrica cerifera, See:—
32. Mimosa lucida, Roxh. Myrica nagi; Myrica
33. Mimosa mutabilis, See:— sapida.
Mimosa rubicaulis. 2. Myrica integrifolia, Roxb.
34. Mimosa paniculata. See:—Myrica nagi.
35. *Mimosa pudica. Linn. 3. Myrica nagi, Thunb.
36. Mimosa rubricaulis, Lam. See:—Myrica sapida; My-
See:—Mimosa mutabilis.. rica integrifolia; Myrica
37. Mimosa saponaria. See:— cerifera.
Acacia concinna, DC. 4. Myrica sapida, Thunb.
38. Mimosa sirissa. See:— See:—Myrica nagi; My-
Acacia speciosa. rica sapida; Myrica ceri-
39. Mimosa suma, Roxh. fera.
See:—Acacia suma.
40. Neptunia oleracea, Lour. 116. MYRISTICACEAE.
See:—Mimosa natans.
41. Pithecellobium bigemi- 1. Myristica aromatica,
nujn, Mart & Benth. See:—Myristica fragrans,
See:—Mimosa . lucida, Houtt. Myristica offici-
Roxh. nalis, Linn. Myristica
42. ^Pithecellobium dulce, moschata, Thunh.
Benth. See:—Inga dulcis. 2. Myristica fragrans, Hout.
43. Pithecellobium fascicu- See:—Myristica officina-
latum, Benth. lis, Linn. Myristica mos-
 INDEX 5S1

chata; Myristica aro- 2. Barringftonia racemosa,

matica. Roxh. & Blume.
3. M y r i s t i c a / laurifolia, 3. *Barringtonia speciosa,
Hook. Linn. & Frost. See:—
4. *Myristica malabarica, Mammea asiatica.
Lamk. /4. Bertholletia excelsa.
5. Myristica m o s c h a t a , 5. *Careya arborea, Roxb. . .-
Thunb. See:—Myristica
fragrans; Myristica offi- 6. Caryophyllus aromaticus,
cinalis; Myristica aroma- Linn. See:—Myrtus cary-
tica.' ophyllus.
6. Myristica officinalis, Linn. 7. Eucalyptus dumosa, See:-
See:—Myristica fragrans; Eacalyptus globulus.
Myristica moschata; My- 8. • ' • ' E u c a l y p t u s globulus,
ristica aromatica. Lahill.
9. Eugenia acutangtila, See:-
Barringtonia acutangula.
117. MYRSINACEAE, 10. *Eugenia caryophyllata,
or MYRSINEAE. Willd. See:—Myrtus cary-
ophyllus. Eugenia cary-
1. Ardisia colorata, Roxh. ophyllifolia.
2. Ardisia humilis, Vahl. 11. Eugenia caryophyllifolia,
3. Ernbelia basaal, See:— Lam. See:—Eugenia
Enibelia ribes. caryophyllata; Eugenia
Embelia -^landulifera, jambolana.
. See:—Embelia indica; 12. Eugenia fruticosa, See:—
Embelia ribes. Eugenia jambolana; Syzy-
5. Embelia indica, See:— gium jambolanurn.
Embelia ribes. 13. Eugenia hemispherica,
•''Embelia ribes, Burm. Wight.
Embelia indica; Embelia 14. Eugenia jambolana, Lam.
glandulifera; Embelia ,See:—Eugenia caryophyl-:
robusta, Roxh. lifolia. Eugenia fruticosa.
Embelia robusta, Roxh. Syzygium jambolanae, or
& Clarke. Embelia ribes, Syzygium jambolanum.
see:—Embelia tsjeriam, 15. Eugenia jambos, Linn.
Cottam. See:—Jambosa • vulgaris.
8. Embelia tsjeriam, Cottam. 16. Eugenia operculata,
See:—Embelia robusta. Roxb. See:—Eugenia
9. Maesa indica. Wall. cera.soides.
10. Myrsine africana, Linn. 17. Eugenia racemosa. See:—
Barringtonia racemosa.
118. MYRTACEAE. 18. Jambosa vulgaris, DC.
See:—Eugenia jambos.
1. *Barringtonia acutangula, 19. Melaleuca cajuputi, See:-'-
Gaertn. See:—Eugenia Melaleuca leucadendron,
acutangula. Linn. Melaleuca minor.
&82 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

20. ^Melaleuca leucadendron, 120. NYCTAGINACEAE.

Linyi. or Melaleuca caju-
puti; Melaleuca minor. 1. *Boerhaavia diffusa. See:—
21. Melaleuca minor. See:— Boerhaavia erecta; Boer-
Melaleuca cajuputi; Mel- haavia procumbens;
aleuca leucadendron, Boerhaavia repens.
Linn. 2. Boerhavia erecta.
22. Myrtus caryophyllus, 3. Boerhavia procumbens.
See:—Sizygium caryo- Roxh. Boerhavia diffusa.
phyllum; Caryophyllus 4. Boerhavia repens.
aromaticus; Eugenia cary- 5. *Mirabilis jalapa,- Linn.
ophyllata. 6. Pisonia aculeata, Linn.
23. '''Myrtus communis, Linn. 7. Pisonia alba, Spanog.
24. *Psidium guyava, Linn. See:—^Pisonia morindae-
Var:—Psidium pyrife- folia, R. Br>
rum; (White); Psidium 8. Pisonia morindaefolia, JR.
pomiferum (red); See:— Br. See:—Pisonia alba.
Syzygium jambolanum;
Eugenia jambolana. 121. NYMPHAEACEAE.
25. Psidium pomiferum, 1. Castalia alba. See:—
(Red); Psidium pyrife- Nymphaea alba; Nym-
rum (white); See:—Syzy- ph a e a cachemeriana;
gium jambolanum; Euge- Nymphaea odorata; Nym-
nia jambolana; Jambosa phaea versicolor.
vulgaris; Ficus carica. 2. Castalia lotus.
26. Psidium pyriferum, 3. Euryale ferox, Salish.
(white), See:—Psidium See:—Nymphae stellata;
guyava; Psidium pomife- Annesled spinosa.
rum; Syzygium jambola- 4y *Nelumbium speciosum,
num; Eugenia jambolana; L. & Willd. See:—
Jambosa vulgaris. Ne1umbo nucifera,
27. Syzygium caryophyllum, Gaertn.
See:—^Myrtus caryophyl- 5. Nelumbo nucif era,
lum, or Myrtus caryo- Gaertn. ^ See:—Nelum-
phyllus? Caryophyllus bium speciosum.
aromaticus; Eugenia cary- 6. Nymphaea alba, Linn.
ophyllata.
See:—Nymphaea versi-
28. "Syzygium jambolanum. color; Nymphaea odo-
See:—Eugenia jambo- rata; Castalia alba. Nym-
lana. Lam. phaea cachemeriana,
7. Nymphaea cachemeriana,
119. NAIAD ACE AE. Camhess. See:—^Nym-
phaea alba; Nymphaea
1. T r i g l o c h i n maritima, odorata; Nymphaea ver-
Linn.. sicolor. Castalia alba.
2. Triglochin palustris, Linn. 8. Nymphaea cyanea.
 INDEX 583

9. Nymphaea edulis, See:— lutum; Jasminum penin-

Nymphaea esculenta. sulare.
10. Nymphaea esculenta. 8. Jasminum chrysanthe-
See:—Nymphaea edulis. mum, Roxh. See:—Jas-
11. ='-Nymphaea lotus, Lfimi. minum humile.
or Hook. See:—^Nym- 9. Jasminum flexile, Vahl.
phaea rubra; Nymphaea 10. Jasminurn grandiflorum,
stellata, Willd. Linn.
12. Nymphaea malabarica. 11. Jasminum hirsutum,
13. Nymphaea nelumbo, Willd. See:—Jasminum
See:—Nelumbium spe- pubescens, Willd.
ciosum, Willd. 12. Jasminum humile, Linn.
14. *Nymphaea - pubescens, See:—Jasminum chrys-
Willd. See:—Nymphaea anthemum, Roxb. Jasmi-
lotus-pubescens; Casta- num bignoniaceum. Wall.
lia pubescens. 13. Jasminum officinale, Linn.
15. Nymphaea rubra, Roxb. 14. Jasminum pubescens,
See:—Nymphae lotus; Willd. See:—-Jasminum
Nymphaea stellata. hirsutum, Willd.
16. '''Nymphaea stellata, Willd. 15. Jasminum revolutum,
Similar to Nymphaea Sims. Var:—Peninsulars,
lotus; Nymphaea rubra. DC. See:—Jasminum big-
See:—Euryale ferojc, & noniaceum.
Castalia stellata. 16. Jasminum ritchiei,
Clarke.
122. dCHNACEAE. 17. Jasminum rottlerianum,
Wall.
1, *Gomphia angustifolia, 18. Jasminum sambac, Ait.
^Va?il. See:—Ouratea an-
19. Jasnainmn undulatum.
gustifolia. robustum,
20. Ligustrum
Bluvne.
123. OLE ACE AE. 21. Myropyrum similacijfo-
1. Fraxinus excelsior, Linn. hum, Blutne.
2. Fraxmus floribunda. 22. *Nyctanthes arbor—Tristis
Wall. Linn.
3. Fraxinus ornus, Linn. 23. Nyctanthps sambac, See:—
4. *Jasminum angustifolium, Jasminum sambac. Ait,
Vahl. 24. Olax nana, Wall.
5. Jasminum arborescens, 25. Olax scandens, Roxh.
Roxh. See:—Jasminum 26. Olea cuspidata, Wall.
latifolium. 27. Olea dioica, Roxh.
Q. Jasminum auriculatum,
Vahl. 28. Olea europaea, Linn.
1. Jasminum bignoniaceum, 29. Schrebera swietenioides,
Wall. See:—Jasminum Roxh.
humile; Jasminum revo- 30. Syringa emodi, Wall.
 584 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

31. Syringa- persica, Linn. 4. Dendrobium macraei, or

See:—Syzygium caryo- macrael? Lindl. See:—
phyllata. Desmotrichum fimbri-
32. Ximenia aniericana, Linn atum.
or Willd. •' 5. *Eulophia campestris,
Wall. See:—Eulophia
124. ONAGRACEAE. vera; Eulophia virens.
6. Eulophia nuda, Lindl.
1. Epilobrium fruticosum, Eulophia vera.
See:—Jussieua sufFruti- 7.
8. * Eulophia virens. Brown.
cosa. Liparis parviflora, LindL
2. Jussieua suffruticosa, 9.
Linn. See:—Jussieua 10. Luisia brachystachys.
villosa. Blume.
3. Jussieua villosa, See:— 11. Orchis latifolia, Linn.
Jussieua suffruticosa. Epi- • See:—Orchis laxiflora,
V lobrium fruticosum. Lam.
4. Trapa bicornis, See:— *12. Orchis laxiflora. Lam.
Trapa bispinosa, Roxb. See:—Orchis mascula,
Tribulus aquaticus. Linn. Orchis latifolia.
5. Trapa bispinosa, Roxh. Allium macleani.
See:—Trapa bicornis; & 13. Orchis mascula, Linn.
Trapa natans. Similar to Orchis laxi-
6. Trapa natans, Linn. See:— flora; Orchis latifolia;
Trapa bispinosa, Roxb. Allium macleani.
Trapa bicornis; Tribulus 14. Phalaenopsis amabilis^
aquaticus. Lindl.
7. Tribulus aquaticus, 15. *Saccolabium papillosum,
See:—Trapa bispinosa, Lindl. See:—Saccolabium
Roxh. Trapa natans, Linn. praemorsum, Hook. Sac- ~
Trapa bicornis. colabium wightianum.
Hook.
125. OPHIOGLOSSA- 16. Saccolabium praemor-
sum, Hook. See:—S.
CEAE. papillosum. Hook.
1. *Botrychium lunaria, Sw. 17. Saccolabium wightianum,
2. Helminthostachys zey- Hook. See:—S. papillo-
lanica. Hook. & Linn. sum; Acampe wightiana;
Saccolabium praemor-
126. ORCHIDEAE. Also sum, Hook.
Vanda caerulea.
known as ^^•
ORCHID ACEAE. ^'^ *Vanda roxburghii, R. Br.
See:—Vanda spathulata.
1. Calanthe. Sprang. Vanda tessellata.
2. Cattleya. 20. Vanda spathulata, Spreng.
3. Dendrobium crumena- See:—V. roxburghii.
turn, Sw. •21. Vanilla planifolia, Andr,
 INDEX 585.

22, Zeuxine sulcata, Lindl. 14. *Phoenax dactylifera, Linn.

See:—Zeuxine robusta, See:—Phoenix excelsa.
Wight. Zeuxine strateu- 15. Phoenix excelsa, See:—
matfca, Schlechter. Phoenix dactylifera, Linn.
16. Phoenix farinifera, Roxb.
127. OROBANCHACEAE. See:—Phoenix pusilla.
1. Phelipaea calotropides, 17. Phoenix peludosa.
Wall. 18. *Phoenix sylvestris, Roxb.
19. Saguerus rumphii, Roxb.,
128. OXALIDACEAE. See:—Aronga sacchari-
1. Averrhoea acida. fera.
2. Averrhoea billimba or 20. Sagus laevis, see:—Met-
bjjlimbi? Linn. i-oxylon rumphii.
3. Averrhoea carambola,
Linn. 130. PANDANACEAE.
4. Biophytum candolleanum,
Wt. 1. Pandanus odoratissimus,.
5. Biophytum intermedium, Linn. See:—^Pandanus
Wt. sativa; or Anthrodactylis
6. Biophytum sensitivurii, spinosa; Pandanus tecto-
Linn. rius.
7. Oxahs corniculata, Linn. 2. Pandanus sativa, See:—
Pandanus odoratissimus,
129. PALMAE, or Willd. Anthrodactylis'
PALMACEAE. spinosa.
or
PALMEAE.
131. P AP AVER ACE AE.
1. *Arecg catechu, Linn.
2. ••'•' Borassus flabellifer^ Linn. 1. *Argemone m e x i cana,,
3. Calamus aromaticus, Linn.
Calamus asiaticus, See:— 2. Hypecoum procumbens,
Acorus calamus. Linn.
4. Calamus draco, Willd. 3. Meconopsis a c u 1 e a t a,
5. Calamus extensus. Royle. See:—Meconopsis'
6. *CaIamus rotang, Linn. nepalensis.
7. Calamus travancoricus. 4. Meconopsis nepalensis,
8. *Caryota urens, Linn. DC. See:— Meconopsis
9. Chamaerops ritchieana, aculeata.
Grif/. 5. Meconopsis robusta, HK.
10. "'Cocos nucifera, Linn. f. & T.
11. ••'Corypha umbraculifera, 6. Meconopsis simplicifolia,
Linn. HK. f. & T.
12. Lodoicea seychellarum, 7. Meconopsis w a 1 1 i chii,
Lahill. Hook. Var:—Fusco pur-
13. Nannorhops ritphieana, purea, Hoofc. See:—M,
H. Wendl. napaulensis.
386 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Papaver argemone, Linn. 15. Asti-agalus virus, Oliver.

See:— Argemone mexi- 16. Butea frondosa, Koen &
cana, Linn. Roxh. See:—^Butea mo~
9. Papaver dubium, Linn. nosperma, Erythrina mo-
See:—P. rhoeas. nosperma.
10. Papaver glabrum. See:— 17. Butea parviflora.
Papaver s o m n i ferum, 18. Butea superba, Roxh.
Limi. Papaver setigerum. 19. Cajanus bichlor.
11. Papaver hybridum, Linn. 20. Cajanus flavus.
12. Papaver nudicaule, Linn. 21. *Cajanus indicus, Spreng.
13. Papaver orientale, Linn. & Cajanus bichlor. Caja-
14. Papaver rhoeas, Linn. nus flavus.
15. *Papaver s o m, niferum, 22. Canavalia ensiformis, D C
Linn. See:—Papaver gla- Var:—Virosa, Baker in
brum; Papaver setigerum. Hook. See:— Canavalia
virosa.
.132. PAPILIONACEAE. 23. Canavalia virosa. W & A.
1. '•'Abrus precatorius', Linn. See:—Canavalia ensifor-
or Abrus minor, or A b r u s ' mis.
pauciflorus, Linn. 24. *Cicer ai'ietinum, Linn.
2. Aeschynomene s e s ban, 25. Cicer lens, See:—Ei-vum
See:—Sesbania aegyptia- lens. Lens esculenta.
ca. 26. Clitoria marina.
Alhagi camelorum, Fisch. 27. *Clitoria ternatea, Liim. or
See:—Alhagi maurorum. Clitoria spectabilis.
Alhagi maurorum, Desv. 28. Colutea a r b o rescens,
or Baker. See:—A. came- Linn. See:—Colutea ne-
lorum. palensis.
5. Alysicarpus longifolius, 29. Crotalaria albida, Heyne.
W. & A. or Crotalaria montana.
6. Alysicarpus m o n i lifer, 30. Crotolaria angulosa, or
DC. Crotolaria verrucosa.
7. Alysicarpus pubescens, 31. Crotalaria b e n galensis.
Law. See:—Crotalaria juncea.
8. Alysicarpus vaginalis, DC. 32. Crotolaria biflora, Linn.
9. *Arachis hypogaea, Linn. 33. Crotolaris burhia, Hamilt.
Astragalus h a m o s u s, 34. Crotolaria fenestrat'a.
10. Linn. 35. Crotolaria fenninfolia.
Astragalus m u 1 t i caps, 36. *Crotolaria juncea, Linn.
11. Wall. or Crotolaria bengalensis,
Astragalus s a r cocolla. or Crotolaria fenestrata,
12. Dytnock. or Crotolaria fenninfolia.
Astragalus strobiliferus, 37. Crotolaria medicaginea,
13. Royle. Lamk.
Astragalus t r i buloides. 38. Crotolaria p r o s trata,
14. Delile. Roxb. or Rattl.?
 INDEX 587

39. *Crotolaria retusa, Linn. 59. Desmodium 1 a tifolium,

40. Crotolaria sericea, Retz. •Wight. See:—^Desmodium
41. Crotalaria striata, DC. lasiocarpum.
42. Crotolaria v e r r u cosa, 60. Desmodium polycarpum,
Linn. DC. See:— Hedysarum
43. Cyamoj^sis psoralioides, purpureum.
DC. See:—Cyamopsis tet- 61. Desmodium pulchellum,
ragonoloba. Benth. See:— Dicerma
44. Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, pulchellum.
Taub. See:— Cyamopsis 62. Desmodium tiliaefolium,
psoralioides. G. Don.
45. Cylista scariosa, Roxh. 63. *Desmodium t r i fl o rum,
DC.
46. D a 1 b e rgia emarginata. 64. *Doiichos biflorus, Linn.
Roxh. See:— Dalbergia See:—Var:—D o 1 i chos
lalifolia; Dalbergia jung- unifioris, Latnk. or Doli-
huhnii, Benth. chos uniflorus.
•47. Dalbergia frondosa, See: 65. Dolichos bulbosus, See:—
—Dalbergia lanceolaria. Pachyrhizus angulatus.
48. Dalbergia I a n ceolaria, 66. Dolichos catiang, See:—
Linn, or Dalbergia fron- Vigna, catiang.
dosa. 67. Dolichos cylindricus, or
49. Dalbergia oogeiaensis, or Dolichos sinensis.
Dalbergia oojunsis, or 68. Dolichos falcatus, Klein.
Dalbergia o u g einensis.
See:—Queinia d a 1 ber- 69. Dolichos fabaeformis.
gioides/Bentfi. 70. *Dolichos lablab, Linn.
50. Dalbergia sissoo, Roxh. See:—Phosphocarpus tet-
ragonolobus.
51. Dalbergia spinosa,'' Roxb.
See:—Drepanocarpus spi- 71. Dolichos lignosus.
72. Dolichos minimus.
nosus.
73. Dolichos pruriens. See:—
52. Dalbergia sympathetica, Mucuna pruriens.
N^mmo. See:—Dalbergia
74. Dolichos sinensis. See:—
multiflora. Dolichos cylindricus.
53. Dalbergia volubilis, Roxb.
75. Dolichos sesban. See:—
54. Derris elliptica, Benth. Sesbania aegyptica.
See:—Pongamia ellipta. 76. Dolichos sinensis.
55. Derris scandens, Benth. 77. Dolichos sqja, Linn. See:
See:—Dalbergia s c a n- —Glycine soja.
dens. 78. Dolichos tranquebaricus.
56. Dei-ris uliginosa, Benth. 79. Dolichos trilobatus.
57. Desmodium gangeticum, 80. Dolichos uniflorus. See:—
DC. See:— Desmodium , Dolichos biflorus.
coilinum; & Hedysarum 81. Ervum lens, Linn. See:—
gangeticum. ' Lens esculanta; C i c e r
58. Desmodium gyrans. lens.
 588 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

82. Erythrina corallodendroii, 101. Indigofera anil, See:—In-

Linn. • digofera tinctoria; Indigo-
83. *Erythrina indica, Lam. fera indica; Indigofera su-
Erythrina stricta; Roxb. matrana; Indigofera ar-
Erythrina corallodendron, recta.
Linn. 102. Indigofera argentea, Linn.
84. Erythrina monosperma, See:—Indigofera articu-
See:—Butea frondosa. Jata.
85. Erythrina stricta, Roxb. ' 103. Indigofera arrecta. See:—
86. Flemingia congesta, Roxb. Indigofera indica; Indigo-
See:—Flemingia nana. fera anil; Indigofera su-
87. Flemingia grahamana, W. matrana; Indigofera tinc-
& A. toria.
88. Flemingia nana, Roxh. or
Flemingia procumbiana; 104. Indigofera a r t i culata.
; or Flemingia congesta. Couen. See:—Indigofera
' 89. Flemingia procumbiana, argentea.
See:—Flemingia nana. 105. Indigofera aspalathoides,
Vuhl. See:— Lespedoza
90. Flemingia strobolifera, R. juncea.
Br. 106. Indigofera c a e ,r u 1 e a,
91. Flemingia tuberosa, Dalz. Roxb.
92. Galedupa indica, See:— 107. Indigofera cardifolia,
Pongamia glabra, Ve7it. 108. Indigofera enneaphylla,.
93. Galega purpurea, Linn. Linn. See:— Indigofera
See:—Tephrosia purpu- semitrijuga.
rea. 109. Indigofera frutescens.
94. Glycine hispida, Maxim. 110. Indigofera galegoides, DC.
95. Glycine labialis, Linn. 111. Indigofera glabra, Linn.
See:—Teramnus labialis, See:— Indigofera penta-
Spreng. phylla. /
96. Glycine max, Merr. 112. Indigofera g 1 a n dulosa,
97. Glycine soja. Sieb • & Wilin.
Zace. & Glycine hispida, 113. Indigofera hirsuta.
See:—Dolichos . s o"j a, 114. Indigofera indica. See:—
Linn. Indigofera tinctoria; Indi-
98. Glycyn-hiza glabra, Linn. gofera anil; Indigofera su-
Var:—Glycyrrhiza glan- matrana; Indigofera ar-
dulifera, Reg. et Hor. recta.
Linn. 115. Indigofera linifolia, Retz.
99. Glycyrrhiza glandulifera, 116. Indigofera p a u cifolia,
See:—Glycyrrhiza glabra. Delile. See:— Indigofera
100. Hedysarum t u b e rosa, oblongifolia.
Linn. See:—Pueraria tu- 117. Indigofera p u 1 chella,
berosa, DC. Roxb.
 INDEX 5^

118. Indigofera s u matrana, 136. Mucana monosperma, DC.

Gaertn. See:—Indigofera or Carpopogon monosper-
tiiiptoria; Indigofera indi- mum.
ca; Indigofera anil; Indi- 137. Mucana pruriens, Bak'in
gofera arrecta. Hook. See:—M. prurita,
119. '''Indigofera tinctoria, Linn. or Carpopogon pruriens,
See:—Indigofera indica; or Dolichos pruriens.
Indigofera anil; Indigo- 138. Mucuna prurita, Hook.
fera sumatrana; Indigo- See:—Mucuna pruriens;
fera arrecta. Carpopogon pruriens; Do-
120. Indigofera t r i f o liata, lichos pruriens.
Linn. 139. Ormocarpum sennoides,
121. Indigofera trita, Linn. DC.
122. Lathyrus altaicus, Led. 140. *Ougeinia dalbergioides,
123. Lathyrus aphaca, Linn. Be7ith. See:— Dalbergia
124. Lathyrus inconspicuus, oojeinensis. O u g e i n i a
Linn. oojeinensis.
125. Lathyrus luteus, Baker. 141. *Phaseolus aconitifolius,
126. Lathyrus pratensis, Linn. Jacq.
127. *Lathyrus sativus, Linn. 142. Phaseolus adenanthus,
128. *Lens esculenta, Moench. Meyer. See:— Phaseolus
See:—Cicer lens; Ervum rostratus.
lens. 143 Phaseolus glabra.
129. Melilotus alba, Desr in. 144. ^Phaseolus lunatus, Linn.
Lam. See:—Melilotus in- 145. Phaseolus multiflorus.
dica. 146. *Phaseolus mungo, Linn.
J.30. Melilotus officinalis, Lam. Var;—Roxburghii, Prain.
or Willd. See:—Trifolium 147. Phaseolus nanus.
officinalis. 148. Phaseolus p a u ciflorus,
131. Melilotus parviflora, Desf. See:—^Phaseolus mungo. '
See:—^Trifolium indicum, 149. *Phaseolus radiatus, Linn.
Limn. See:—Phaseolus roxbur-
132. Millettia atropurpurea, ghii; Phaseolus mungo.
Benth. See:—Adinobotrys 150. Phaseolus r o x burghii,
atropurpureus, Dunn. Prain. 'See:— Phaseolus
Millettia pachy c a r p a, radiatus, Linn.
Benih. 151. Phaseolus trilobus, Ait.
133. Millettia pachy c a r p a, See:—Phaseolus roxbur-
Benth. same as Millettia ghii.
atropurpurea. & Adino- 152. *Phaseolus vulgaris, Linn.
b o t r y s atropurpureus, 153. *Pisum arvense.
Dunn. 154. *Pisum sativum, Linn.
134. Mucana capitata, DC. 155. *Pongamia glabra. Vent,
.135. Mucana gigantea, DC. • or Galedupa indica.
See:—Carpopogon gigah- 156. Pseudarthria viscida, W.
teum. & A.
 590 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

157. Psophoearpus tetragono- 175. T e r a m n u s labialis,

lobus, See:—Dolichos lab- Spreng. See:—Glycine
lab, L,inn. labialis Linii.
158. Psoralea corylifolia, Linn. 176. Trachylobium homeman-
See:—Trifolium uniflo- nianum, Heyne.
rum. 177. Trifolium indicum, Linn.
159. Pterocarpus i n d i c u s, See:—Melilotus parvi-
Willd. flora, Desf.
160. Pterocarpus marsupium, 178. Trifolium officinalis,
' Roxh. See:—Pterocarpus Willd. See:—Melilotus
indicus, Willd. officinalis Willd.
161. Pterocarpus santalinus, 179. T r i f o l i u m pratense,
Linn. See:—Pterocarpus Linn.
lignum; Santalum rub- 180. Trifolium repens, Li7in.
rum, 181. Trifolium uniflorum,
162. Pueraria tuberosa, DC. See:—Psoralea corylifolia.
t' See:—Hedysarum tube- 182. Trigonella foenum-grae-
rosa. cum, Linn. ^
163. Rhynchosia minima, DC: •183. Trigonella occulta, Dclile.
164. Sesbania aculeata, Pers. 184. Trigonella uncata, Bois^.
185. Uraria lagopoides, DC.
165. Sesbania aegjrptiaca, Poir. See:—Doodia lagopoides
or Pers. Var:—Picta. or Uraria picta.
See:—A e s c h ynomena 186. Uraria picta, Desv. See:—
sesban. Doodia picta.
166. * S e s b a n i a grandiflora, 187. Vicia hirsuta, Koch.
Pers. See:—Agati grandi- 187a. Vicia sativa, Linrr. See:—-
flora or olia. Vicia angustifolia' or V.
167. Smithia gemminiflora. angustifolia.
Roth. See:—Smithia con- 188. Vigna catiang, Endl. &
ferta. Waly. See:—^Dolichos
168. Soja hispida, Moench. catiang.
See:—Glycine soja, Sieb. 189. Zomia diphylla, Pe^rs.
& Zuec.
169. Sophora tomentosa, Linn. 133. PASSIFLORACEAE.
170. Spatholobus roxburghii, 1. Modecca palmata, Lam.
Benth. See:—Adenia palmata,
171. Taverniera nummularia, Modecca wightiana^ Wall.
DC. or Baker. See:— 2. Modecca wightiana, Wall.
Taverniera cuncifolia. See:—Modecca palmata,
172. Tephrosia hirta, Ham. Lam. Adenia palmata.
3. *Passiflora foetida, Linn.
. 173. *Tephrosia purpurea, Pers.
See:—Galega purpurea, 134. PEDALIACEAE.
Linn. (Sub-family). 1. Martynia .diandra, Glox~
174. Tephrosia villosa, Pers. See:—Martynia annua.
 INDEX 591.

2. *Pedalium murex, Lmn & •9. Piper cubeba, Linn.

Wight. See:—Cubeba officinalis^
3. SessEmum indicum, Linn. Miq.
DC. See:—Sessamum 10. ''Piper longum, Linn^
orientale; Sessamum tri- Chavica roxburghii.
foliatum; Sessamum 11. *Piper nigrum, Linn.-
luleum. See:—-Piper trioicum,
4. Sessamum luteum. See:— Roxb.
Sessamum indicum; Ses- 12. Piper sylvaticum, Roxb..
samum orientale; Ses- Chavica sylvatica, Miq..
samum trifoliatum. 13. Piper trioicum, Roxb.^
5. Sessamum orientale, Linn. S e e : — Piper nigrum,.
See:—Sessamum indi- Linn.
cum, DC.
6. Sessamum trifoliatum, 138. PITTOSPORACEAE.
See:—Sessamum indi-
cum; Sessamum orientale; 1. Pittosporum ceylonicum.
Sessamum luteum. See:—Pittosporum flori-
bundum, W. & A. Pittos-
135. PHYTOLACCA- porum napaulense. Cel-
CEAE. astrus verticillata. Sena-
cia napaulensis.
1. Phytolacca acinosa, Roxh. 2. Pittosporum floribundum,,
W. & A. Pittosporum'
136. PINACEAE. nepaulense; Pittosporum
1. Gallitris tomentosum, ceyloniicum; or Celastrus:
Wight. See:—also Coni- verticillata.
ferae.
139. PLANTAGINA-
137. PIPER ACE AE. CEAE.
1. Chavica betle, Miq. See:~ 1. Plantago amplexicaulia^
Piper betle. Cav. See:—P. ovata.
2. Chavica r o x b u r g h i i , 2. Plantago asiatica. See:—
See:~Piper longum. Plantago major.
3. Cubeba ofBcinaHs, Miq. 3. Plantago brachyphylla,
See:—Piper cubeba. Edgew, or Plantago bra-
4. Peperomia pellucida, H. chyphylaa?
B. &K. 4. *Plantago ciUata, Desf.
5. Piper album. 5. *Plantago ispagula. See:—
6. Piper aurantiacum, Wall. Plantago ovata.
7. *Piper betle, Linn. See:— 6. Plantago lanceolata, Linn.
Chavica betle. 7. Plantago major, Linn, or
8. Piper Chaba, Hunter, Plantago psyllium, or
See:—Piper officinarum; Plantago asiatica.
Pothos officinalis, Scin- Plantago • ovata, Forsk.
dapsus officinalis. See:—Plantago ispagula.
592 THE INDIAN MATERIA .MEDICA

9. Piantago psyllium, Liii??. 6. Polygonum bistorta, Linn.

See:—Povata. -j Polygonum cymosum,
10. Piantago pumila, Willd. Roxh. See:—Fagopyrum
11. Piantago stocksii, Boiss. cymosum, Meissn.
12. Piantago tibetica. HK. &
rp O. P o l y g o n u m glabrum,
13. Piantago orientalis, Linn, Willd. See:—Polygonum
persicaria.
9. Polygonum hydropiper,
140. PLUMB AGIN A- Linn.
CEAE. 10. Polygonum flaccidum,
1. Plumbago rosea, Linn. Rox. Treviran. See:^-
2. Plumbago zeylanica, Linn. Fagopyrum cymosum,
See:—P. ovata. Meissn.
3. ='Statice aegyptica, Delile. •'••'•• Polygonum moUe, Dan.
& Brod.
141. POLYGALACEAE. 12. . Polygonum persicaria,
Linn. See:—Polygonum
1. Polygala chinensis, Linn. glabrum, Willd.
2: Polygala crotalarioides, 13. Polygonum piebejum, R.
Hnm. See:—Polygala tele- Br.
phioides. 14. Polygonum rivulare or
3. Polygala elongata, Klein. Polygonum aviculare?
4. Polygala erioptera, DC. See:—Polygonum barba-
Var:—Vahliana. tum, Linn.
5. Polygala telephioides, ^^• Polygonum viviparum,
Willd. See:—Polygala cro- Linn..
talarioides, Ham. ^^• Rheum acuminatum, HK.
6. Polygala vulgaris, f. & T. Same as R. emodi.
Thumb. 17. Rheum emodi, Wall.
See:—Rheum acumina-
142. POLYGONACEAE, tum; Rheum speciforme,-
R h e u m webbianum;
1. Calligonum polygono.ides, Rheum moorcroftianum;
Linn. & Rheum australe.
2. Fagopyrum esculentum, -,o Rheum moorcroftianum,
Gaertn. or Moench? Royle.
3. Polygonum alatum. Ham. -,g Rheum nobile, Hk. f. &
See:—Polygonum punc- T. See:—^Rheum emodi.
tatum.
4. Polygonum aviculare, 2"- Rheum officinale, Bail-
Linn. See:—Polygonum lon.
bistoria, & Polygonum ^1. Rheum palmatum, Linn.
viviparum. 22. R h e u m webbianum,
5. Polygonum barbatum, Royle. See:—R h e u m
Linn. See:—P. aviculare emodi.
or rivulare. 23. Rumex acetosella, Linn.
 INDEX 59i,

24. Rumex acutus, See:— 16. Polypodium quercifoliiim,

Rumex maritimus, Linn. Linn. See:—D r y n aria
25. *Rumex crispus, See:— quercifolia, J. 5. M. Dors-
Rumex vesicarius, Linn. tenia indica, Wall.
26. "Rumex dentatus, Linn. 17. Polypodium v u 1 g a r e,
27. Rumex maritimus, Linn. L i n ti.
28. Rumex n ,e p a 1 el, n, s i s, 18. Pteris aqulina, Linn.^ &
Spreng. Bedd.
29. Rumex scutatus, Linn.
30. *Rumex vesicarius, Linri. 144. PONTEDERIACEAE.
See:—Rumex crispus,
Linn. 1. Eichhornia c r a s s i pes,.
Sohns.
14a POLYPODIACEAE. 2. Monochoria hastaefolia,
Presl.
1. Actinopteris dichotoma,
Bedd. 145. PORTULACACEAE.
2. *Adiantum capillus-vene-
ris, Linn. 1. Portulaca m e r i diana,
3. Adiantum cauda t u r n , Linn. See:— Portulaca
Linn. quadrifida, Linn.
4. Adiantuiii lunula t u r n , 2. *Portulaca oleracea, Linn.
Burw.. See:—Portulaca quadri-
5. Adiantum pedatum, Linn. fida, Linn.
Q. Adiantum venus t u m, 3. *Portulaca q u a d r i f i d a ,
Don. Linn. See:— Portulaca
7. *Asplenium adiantum-nig- oleracea, Linn, or Portu-
rum, Linn. laca meridiana.
S. Asplenium f a 1 catum, 4. Portulaca sativa, Linn.
Willd & Lam. 5. Portulaca tuberosa, Roxh.
3. Asplenium parasiticum,
Willd. 146. PRIMULACEAE.
10. Asplenium rutamuraria, 1. Cyclamen p e r s i cum,
Linn. Miller.
11. Asplenium trichomanes, 2. Dionysia diapensiaefolia,
Linn. Boiss.
12. ^'Davallia tenuifolia, • Wall. 3. Primula reticulata, Wall.
& Hook. See:—Stenolo- 4. Primula verticillata. See:
ma chinensis. —Primula capitata; Pri-
13. Drynaria querci f o l i a , mula mollis; Primula ja-
Linn. See:—Polypodium ponica.
quei'cifolium.
14. Dryopteris felix, Mas.
15. Pleopeltis lanceo l a t a , r46a. PUNICACEAE.
Limi. See:—Polypodium
lepidota. 1. Punica granatum, Linn.
38
594 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

147, RANUNCULACEAE. sectum—Duthie. A. spi-

catum, Duthie. A. hians,
1. Aconitum balfourii, Stapf. Goris & Watt. See:—A.
See:—Aconitum f e r o x chasmanthum; A. ferox. .
Varieties. 13. *Aconitum palmatum, D.
2. Aconitum chasmanthum, Don. & Hook. See:—Aco-
Stapf. See:-^ Aconitum nitum ferox; Aconitunx
napellus; Aconitum dis- lethale; Caltha bisma;
sectum; Aconitum hians; Nirbisia bisma.
Aconitum spicatum. . 14. Aconitum s p i c a turn,
3. Aconitum deinorrhizum, Stapf. See:— Aconitum
Stapf. See:— Aconitum ferox, etc. etc.; Aconitum
ferox; Aconitum atrox: variegatum, Hook; Aconi-
Aconitum bruhlii; Aconi- tum uiicihatum. Hook.
tum laciniatum. 15. Actaea racemosa.
4. Aconitum falconeri, Stapf.
V See:—Aconitum ferox; & 16. Actaea spicata, Linn, ^ e e :
Aconitum dissectum. —Actaea acuminata.
5. Aconitum ferox, Hook, 17. Adonis oestivalis, Linn.
Wall or Clegh? Var: laci- 18. "Anemone obtusiloba, D>
niatum & Atrox. Watt. Don. See:—Anemone dis-
See:—A. p a l m a t u m , color.
Bruhl; A. deinorrhizum; 19. Caltha palustris, Linn.
A. polyschiza; ex. goris; See:—Caltha himalensis;.
A. balfourii; A. falconeri. Caltha alba.
6. Aconitum heterophyllum^ 20. Cimicifuga foetida, Linn.'
Wall. See:— Aconitum See:—Cimicifuga frigida;
cordatum, Royle; Aconi- Royle, or Actaea cimici-
tum atees, Royle; Aconi- fuga, Linn.
tum ovatum. 21. Cimicifuga race m o s a^
7. Aconitum c o r d a tum, Limt.
Royle, See:— Aconitum 22. Clematis gouriana, Roxb.
heterophyllum. 23. Clematis napaulensis, DC.
8. Aconitum hians, Watt. See:—Clematis montana,
See:— Aconitum chas- D Don. ,
manthum. 24. Clematis smilaci f o l i a ,
9. Aconitum laeiniafa, Brulil. Wall. See:— Clematis
See— Aconitum lacinia- munroana.
tum, Stapf. Aconitum 25. Clematis triloba, Heyne.
ferox.
26. Clematis wightiana.
10. Aconitum luridum. Hook.
11. Aconitum lycocto n u ni, 27. Coptis teeta, Wall,
Linn. 28. *Delphinium ajacis, Royle.
12. Aconitum napellus, Linn. 29. Delphinium, brunonianum,
& Stawart; Clegh? Varie- Royle. See:—Delphinium
ties:—A. multifidum; A. jacquemontianum; Del-
rigidum (partim); A. dis- phinium moschatum.
 INDEX • 595

30. Delphinium caeruleum, 48. Ranunculus sceleratus,

Jacq. Linn. See:—Ranunculus
31. Delphinium denudatum, indicus, Roxb.
Wall. See:—Delphinium 49. *Tlia]ictrum dalzelli, Hook,
pauciflorum. 50. Thalictrum foliolo s u m,
32. Delphinium elatum, Linn. DC.
See:—Delphinium inter- 51. Thalictrum javanicus or
medium; Delphiniuip ra- javanicum.
nunculifolium; D e l phi-
nium pyramidale; Delphi-
nium hoffmeisteri; Del- 148. RHAMNACEAE, or
phinium speciosum. RHAMNEAE.
33. Delphinium pauciflorum, 1. Gouania 1 e p tostachya,
Royle. See:—Delphinium DC.
denudatum. 2. Rhamnus dahuricus, Pall
34. Delphinium renunculifo- or Laioson. See:—Rham-
lium, Wall. See:—Delphi- nus virgatus.
nium elatum. 3. Rhamnus jujuba, See:—
35. Delphinium speciosum, Zizyphus jujuba.
Janka.- See:—Delphinium 4. Rhamnus purpu r e u s ,
elatum. Edgew.
36. Delphinium zalil Aitch et 5. Rhamnus triqueter. Late-
Hem si. son. See:—R. wightii.
37. Helleborus niger, Linn.
See:-r-Helleborus officina- 6. Rhamnus wightii, W. & A.
lis; Helleborus viridis. See:—Rhamnus triqueter,
Lawson.
38. Helleborus o ffi c i nalis.
See:—HelleborUs niger; 7. *Ventilago madraspatana,
Helleborus viridis. Gaertn. See:—Funis vi-
minalis, & V. maderaspa^
39. Helleborus viridis, Linn.
tana. f
40. H y d r ^ t i s c a n a densis, 8. Zizyphus anopha. See:—
Linn. Zizyphus jujuba; & Zizy-
41. Isopyrum thalictroides, phus laccifera.
Linn.
42. *Narayelia zeylanica, DC. 9. Zizyphus glabrata, Heyne.
See:—Zizyphus trinervia.
43. Nigella indica, Roxh. See:
—Nigella sativa. 10. *Zizyphus jujuba, Lamk.
44. Nigella sativa, Linn. See: See:—Zizyphus laccifera;
—Nigella indica; Carum Zizyphus anoplia; Rham-
carui; Carum bulbocasta- nus jujuba.
num; Cuminum nigrum. 11. Zizyphus laccifera, See:
45. Paeonia emodi, Wall. —Zizyphus jujuba.
46. Paeonia officinalis, Linn. 12. Zizyphus m i c rophylla,
47. *Ranunculus a r y e n sis, Roxh. See:— Zizyphus
Linn. See:—Ranunculus nummularia.
tuberculatus, DC. 13. Zizyphus napica.
 596 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

14. Zizyphus nummularia, W. "Cydonia vulgaris, Pers,

& A. See:—Zizyphus mic- See:—Pyrus cydonia.
rophylla. 10. *Eriobotrya j a p o nica,
15.- Zizyphus oenoplia, Mill. Lindl.
Sec:—^Rhamnus oenopha. 11. Gerish elatum.
16. Zizyphus rugosa, Lamk. 12. Gerish urbanum.
See:—Zizyphus glabra. 13. Geum alatum. Wall.
17. Zizyphus sororia, 14. Geum urbanum, Linn.
18. Zizyphus trinervia, Roxh. Hagenia abyssynica, Lam.
See:—Zizyphus glabrata. 15.
19. Zizyphus vulgaris, Larnk. 16. Potentilla fruticosa, Linn.
See;—Zizyphus sativa. 17. Potentilla kleiniana, W. &
20. '-'Zizyphus xylopy r u s, A.
18.
wm: • 19.
Potentilla leschenaultiana.
Potentilla n e p a lensis,
21. Zizyphus zylopra, Willd.
. ! or Zizyphus xylopyrus, Hook.
20. Potentilla reptans, Ltnn.
See:—Potentilla nepalen-
149. RHIZOPHORA- sis.
CEAE. 21. Potentilla supina, Linn.
22. Prinsepia utilis, Royle.
1. Carallia lucida, Roxh. 23. Prunus amara, DC. See:
2. Ceriops candoUcana, Am. —Prunus amyg d a 1 u s,
3. Khandalia rheedii, W. & Baillo'ii. Amygdalus comr
A. munis, Linn. Prunus dul-
4. Rhizophora mangle, Lihn. 6is, DC.
5. *Rhi2ophora mucronata, 24. *Prunus amygdalus, Bail-
Lnm. & Lamk. iok. " Var:—1. Amara;
2. Dulcis. See:—^Amyg-
,150. ROSACEAE. dalus communis, Linn.
25. *Prunus armeniaca, Linn.
1. Agrimonia e u p a toria, See:—A m y g d a 1 a or
Linn. Amygdalus vulgaris.
.2. ••'Amygdalus c o m miinis, 26 Prunus avium, Linn.
Linn. See:—-P r u n u s
amygdalus. '•'Prunus cerasus, Linn.
3. Bray era anthelmenlica, 28. Prynus communis, Huds.
Kunth. See:^Prunus i n s t i t i a ,
4. Cerasus caproniana. Linn.
5. Cotoneaster b u x i folia, 29. "Prunus domestica, Linn.
Wall. ' Var:—Prunus Juliana.
6. Cotoneaster microphylla, 30. Prunus dulcis, DC.
Wall. See:—Prunus amygdalus,
7. Cotoneaster nummularia,^ Baillon. P r u n u s amara;
Fisch. & Mey. DC. Amygdalus commu-
8. Crataegus oxycantha. nis, Linn.
 INDEX 597

31. P r u n u s insititia, Schneid 52. Rosa gallica, Linn. See:—

& Linn. See:—Prunus Rosa damascena, Mill.
c>Dmmunis; Prunus do- 53. Rosa glandulifera. See:—
mestica; subsp. insititia. Rosa • moschata. Mill.
32. Prunus mahaleb, Linn. Rosa pubescens.
33. P r u n u s malus, Linn. 54. Rosa indica, Linn. See:-^
34. P r u n u s padum. See:— Rosa chinensis; Rosa
Prunus sylvatica; Cera- alba.
siis puddum. 55. *Rosa moschata. Mill.
35. Prunus padus, Linn. See:—Rosa pubescers;
• See:-^—Cerasus corunta; Rosa glandulifera.
or Prunus corunta. 56. Rosa pubescens, See:—
36. Prunus persica, Benth & Rosa moschata; Rosa
Hook. Stokes. See:— glandulifera.
Ainygdalus persica, Linn. 57. Rubus lasiocarpus,
Pygeum persica. Smith.
37. Prunus puddum, Roxb. 58. Rubus moluccanus, Linn.
See:—Prunus sylvatica, 59. Rubus wallichii.
or Cerasus puddum, or
Prunus. cerasoides. 59a. Semen cydonia. See:—
38. P r u n u s serotina, Ehrhart. Pyrus cydonia; Cydonia
39. P r u n u s undulata, Ham. vulgaris, Pers.
40. Pvgeum gardneri. Hook. 60. Spiraea aruncus, Linn.
61. Spiraea lindleyana. Wall.
f.' 62. Stranvaesia glaucescens,
41. Pygeum persica. See:— Lindl.
Amygdalus persica; Pru-
nus persica; Benth &
Hook. 151. RUBIACEAE. •
42. Pygeum wightianum Bl. 1. *Adina cordifolia, Benth
43. Pyi'us aucuparia, Gaertn. & Hook. See:—Nauclea
44. Pyrus chinensis, Roxh. cordifolia.
2. Anthocephalus cadaraba,
45. *Pyrus communis, Linn. Mia. See:—Nauclea cad-
See:—Psidium guyava, amba, Sarcocephalus cad-
Liu'ii. amba. .
46. Pyrus cydonia, Linn. 3. Borreria hispida, K. Sch.
See:—Cydonia , vulgaris; See:—Spermacoce his-
Semen cydonia. pida.
47. *Pyrus malus, Linn. & 4. Canthium didymum,
WiUd. Gaertn. & Roxb. See:—
48. P y r u s tomentosa, Roxb. Plectronia didyma.
49. Rosa alba, Linn. See:— 5. Canthium parviflorum,
Rosa indica. Lamk. See:—Plectronia
50. *Rosa centifolia, Linn. parviflora.
51. *Rosa damascena, Mill. 6. Ccphaelis ipecacunha, A.
See:—R. gallica. Rich. See:—Psychotria
 598 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

ipecacunha Linn. Nare- 26. Geophila reniformis, Don.

gamia alata, W- & A. Similar to Ipecacuanha.
7. * Cinchona calisaya, Wed- 27. * H ( e d y o t l i s auiricujaria,.
delL See:—Cinchona Linn. See:—Hedyotis his-
ledgeriana. pida; Oldenlandia auri-
8. Cinchona. condaminea, cularia.
Lirm. See:—Cinchona offi- 28. Hedyotis hispida, Retz.
cinalis. See:—Hedyotis auricu-
9. Cinchona cortex. laria.
10. *Cinchona officinale, or 28a. Hedyoitis indica, See:—
*Cinchona officinalis, Hedyotis umbellata; Hed-
Linn. & Hook. See:—Cin- yotis hispida.
chona condeminea. 29. Hedyotis umbellata,
11. Cinchona robusta, How. Lamk. See:—Oldenlandia
12. *Cinchona succirubra, umbellata Linn. Hedyotis
"v' Paven. See:—Cinchona hispida; Hedyotis indica.
pubescens. 30. Hymenodictyon excel-
13. *Coffea arabica, Linn. sum, Wall. See:—Hym-
14. Coflfea bengalensis, Roxb. enodictyon obovatum.
15. Diplospora sphaerocarpa, 31. Ixora alba, See:—Ixora
HooTc, parviflora, Vahl.
16. Galium aparine, Li^in. 32. Ixora bandhuca, Roxb.
17. Galium muUugo, Linn. See:—Ixora coccinea;
18. Galium verum, Linn. Ixora grandiflora.
19. Gardenia campanulata, 33. *Ixora coccinea, Linn.
Roxh. See:—Gardenia See:—Ixora. grandiflora;
•gummi£era. Gardenia Ixora bandhuca.
florida. 34. Ixora parviflora, Vahl.
20. Gardenia floribunada, • or Ixora alba.
Roxb. 35. Ixora pavetta, Roxb.
21. Gardenia florida, Linn. See:—Pavetta indica.
See:—^^Gardenia gummi- 36. Meynia spinosa, See:—
fera; Gardenia campanu- Vangueria spinosa Roxb.
lata. 37. Morinda bracteata, See:—
22. * Gardenia _ gummifera, Morinda citrifolia, Linn.-
Linii. Gardenia arboria Morinda tinctoria, Roxb.
or arborica? Gardenia 38. *Morinda citrifolia, Bedd.
campanulata; Gardenia & Linn. See:—Morinda
florida; Gardenia resini- tinctoria, or Morinda
ferae. bracteata.
23. *Gardenia lucida, Roxb. 39. Morinda eoncanensis,
See:—Gardenia gummi- Nimmo.
fera. 40. Morinda scandens, See:—
24. Gardenia turgida, Roxb. Morinda umbellata.
25. Gardenia uliginosa, Retz. 41. *Morinda tinctoria, Roxb.
See:—-Randia uliginosa. See:—Morinda citrifolia.
 INDEX 599

42. Morinda umbellata, Linn. 56. Ophiorrhiza mungos,

or Morinda scandens. Linn.
43. Mussaenda flavescens, 57. Paederia foetida, Linn.
See:—Mussaenda fron- See:—Convolvulus foeti-
dbsa; Mussaenda glab- dus, or Apocyanum foe-
rata. tidus & Spermacosa or
44. '-'Mussaenda frondosa, Spermacoce stricta.
. Hook & Linn. See:—Mus- 58. Pavetta indica, Linn.
saenda flavescens; & See:—Ixora pavetta,
Mussaenda glabrata. Roxh.
45. M u s s a e n d a glabrata, 59. Plectronia parviflora,
, Hutch. See:—Mussaenda Bedd. See:—Canthium.
frondosa; Mussaenda 60. Posoque parviflorum,
flavescens. Lamk. uligonosa, Roxb.
46. Nauclea cadamba, Roxh. See:—Randia uligonosa.
or Hort. See:—Anthoce- 61. Psychotria curviflora,
phaius cadamba, Miq. Thw.
47. Nauclea cordifoliaj Roxb. 62.' Psychotria ipecacuanna,
Nauclea ovalifolia, Roxh. Linn. See:— Cephaelis
Adina cordifolia. ipecacuanha, Naregamia
48. Nauclea ovalifolia, Roxb. alata, W. & A.
See:—^Nauclea cordifolia. 62a. Quinetum (of British
49. Oldenlandia biflora, Linn. Pharmacopoel C o d e x ) .
& Roxh. See^—Olden- See:—Cinchona cortex or
landia corymbosa; Olden- officinale), (b) Quinine—
landia paniculata; Hedy- See:—Cinchona cortex.
otis racemosa.
50. Oldenlandia corymbosa, 63. *Randia dume t o r u m,
Lijin. See:—Oldenlandia Lamk.
biflora; Oldenlandia her- 64. Randia longifolia.
bacea, & Oldenlandia 65. Randia terasperma, Benth
ramosa. & Hook.
51. O l d e n l a n d i a diffusa, 66. Randia uliginosa, DC.
Roxb. See:—Oldenlandia See:—Gardenia uliginosa;
ramosa. Posoqueria uliginosa.
52. Oldenlandia glandulifera, 67. Rubia cordifolia, Linn.
Wall. See:—Rubia manjishta;
53. Oldenlandia herbacea, Rubia tinctoria; Rubia
Roxb. See: —Oldenlandia secunda.
coi-ymbosa; Oldenlandia 68. Rubia longifolia. See:—
biflora. Asteracantha longifolia;
54. Oldenlandia heynai, or Hygrophila longifolia; Hy-
hesmei, Hk f. grophila spinosa.
55. •'Oldenlandia umbellata, 69. Rubia munjista, Roxb.
Linn, See:—'.Hedyotis um- See:— Rubia cordifolia,
bellata. Linn. Rubia secunda.
600 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

70. Rubia secunda. See:— 6. *Citrus acida, See:—Citrus

Rubia cordifolia; Rubia medica, Linn. Citrus ber-
munjista; Rubia tinctoria. gania.
71. Rubia tinctorum, Linn. 7. *Citrus aurantium, Linn.
72. Sarcocephalus cadamba, • Var:—Citrus aurantium,
See:—Anthocephalus cad- proper; Citrus bigaradia,
amba,- Nauclea cadamba, & Citruis bergamia. See:—
Roxb. Citrus "vulgaris.
73. - Sarcocephalus horsfeldii, 8. Citrus bergamia, See:—
Miq. Citrus acida.
74. Sarcocephalus missionis, 9. Citrus bigaradia, Duham.
Wall & Haviland. See:—Citrus aurantium.
75. *Spermacoce hispida, Linn. 10. *Citrus decumana, Murr.
See:—Borreria hispida, & Liun. See:—C i t r u s
K. Sell. & Spermacoce maxima; Citrus acida.
scabra. 11. ^Citrus limetta, W. & A.
'flG. Spermacosae stricta, See: 12. *Citrus limonum. See^:—
—Paederia foetida; Con- Citrus lemonum, & Citrus
volvulus foetidus; Apocy- acida.
num foetidum. 13. *Citrus medica, Linn. Var:
77. Stephegyne parvi flora, —Citrus limonis; Citrus
Korth. See:—Mytragyna medica proper; Citrus
parvifolia, Korth. limonum; Acida limetta.
78. tJncaria gambler, or gam- See :i—Citrus acida.
bir, Roxb. See:—Nau- 14. Citrus vulgaris, Risso.
clea gambler. See:—Citrus aurantium.
79. *Vangueria spinosa, Roxb. 15. Crataeva vallangai. See,:
—Feronia elephantum.
80. Webera t^trandra, Wall. 16. Dictamnus albus, Linn.
17. Evodia meliaefolia, Benth.
152. RUTACEAE. or meliaefolia?
18. Evodia r o x b urghiana,
1. Acronychia lauri f o l i a ,
Benth. See:—Evodia lu-
Blume. See:— Cyminos-
nurankenda.
ma pedunculata.
19. Evodia rutaecarpa, HK. f.
2. *Aegle rnarmelos, Corr. & Th.
3. *Atalantia monophylla, 20. *Feronia e 1 e phantum,
DC or Corr? See:—Ata- Correa. or Anisiphalnis
lantia floribunda. rumphii, or Crataeva val-
4. Bergera konigii, or koeni- langai.
gii? Linn. See:—Murraya 21. Glycosmis cochin-chinen-
koenigii. sis, Pierre. See:-7-Glycos-
5. Chesia or Chalcas pani- mis pentaphylla.
culata? See:—Murraya 22. -"Glycosmis pentaphylla,
exotica, Linn. Murraya Correa. See:—Glycosmis
paniculata. cochinchinensis. ,
 INDEX 601

23. Limonia acidissima, Linn. 39. Toddalia bilocularis, W.

See:—Limonia crenulata. &A.
24. Limonia crenulata, Roxb. 4Q Toddalia nitida, See:—•
See:—Limonia acidissima. Toddalia aculeata, Lamk.
25. Limonia monophilla, or & Pers. Toddalia asia- '
monophylla? Hk. See:— tica, Pe.rs. Toddalia rubi^
Lamoriia crenulata; Limo- caulis; Scopolia aculeata;
nia acidissima. Paclinia asiatica.
26. Luvuriga scandens, Ham.
See:—Limonia scandens. 41. Toddalia rubicaulis. See.'
—Toddalia aculeata; Tod-^
27.. '^Murraya exotica, Linn.. dalia asiatica; Toddalia
See:—Murraya ' panicu- nitida; Scopolia aculeata,.
lata; or Chesia paniculata. Paclinia asiatica.
28. *Murraya koenigii, Spreng. 42 Zanthoxylum acanthopo-
Musa paradisiaca, Linn. dium, DC. Use same aS:
See:—Bex-gera koenigii. Z. alatum. See:—Z. hamil-
29. Murraya paniculata, Jack. tonianum; Z. oxyphyl-^
See:—Murraya exotica, lum.
Linn. Chesia paniculata. Zanthoxylum a l a t u m ,
43.
30. Paramignya longispina, Roxh.
Hook.
44. Zanthoxylum budrunga,
31. Pai-amignya monophylla,
Wall. See:—Zanthoxylum
Wr.ight.
rhetsa; Fagura budrunga,
32. Peganum harmala, Linn.
Roxb.
33. *Ruta angustifolia, Hook.
See:—Ruta graveolens, ^^• Zanthoxylbm hamiltonia-
Linn. num, Wall. Zanthoxylum
34. Ruta graveolens, Linn. acanthopodiurn, DC. Us&
Var:—Ruta angustifolia, same as Z. alatum.
Hook, 46. Zanthoxylum ovalifolium,
35. Scopolia aculeata, See:— Wight. Use same as Z.
Toddalia, aculeata, Lamk. alatum.
36. Skimmia laureola, Hook, ,^ Zanthoxylum oxyphyl--
Sieb. Zuce, See:,—Limonia lum, Edgw. Use same a s
laureola. Zanthoxylum alatum.
37. *Toddalia aculeata, Pers &
Lamk. See:—Toddalia 48. '•'Zanthoxylum rhetsa, DC,^
asiatica; Toddalia rubi- See:—Zanthoxylum tri'
caulis; Toddalia nitida; & phyllatum; Zanthoxylum
Scopolia aculeata. budrunga.
38. Toddalia asiatica, Pers & 49. ZanithoxyUum triphyll'
Lamk. See:—^Toddalia EU- turn, Juss & Wight. See:—•
bicaulis; Toddalia nitida; Evodia lunar-ankenda,
Scopolia aculeata. Pacli- Merr. Use same as Z.-
nia asiatica. rhetsa.
602 THE INDIAN MATERIA M3SDICA

153. SACCHARO- 3. Santalum rubrum. See:

MYCES. —Pterocarpus santali-
nus.
1. *Yeast (Latin:—Cerevisiae
fermentum). 158. SAPINDACEAE.
2. Yeast beer.
3. Yeast toddy. 1. Acer pictum, Thunb.
2. Aesculus hippocastanum,
154. SALICACEAE. Linn.
3. Aesculus indica, Hiem.
1. Populus ciliata, Wall. & Colebr. See:—Pravia
2. *Populus euphratica, Oliv. indica.
3. Populus nigra, Linn. 4. Allophyllus serra t u s,
4. Salix acmophylla, Boiss. Radlk. See:—Allophyl-
See:—Salix alba; Linn. lus cobbe.
Salix babylonica, Linn. 5. *Cardiospermum halicaca-
5. Salix alba, Linn. bum, Linn.
6. Salix babylonica, Linn. 6. Dodonaea viscosa, Jacq.
1^. Salix caprea, Linn. See:—- See:—Dodonaea angusti-
Salix tetrasperma. folia; Ptelea viscosa.
8. Salix daphnoides, Vill. 7. Litchi chinensis, Sonner,
9. * Salix tetrasperma, Roxb. See:—Nephelium litchi,
See:—Salix caprea, Linn. Camb.
8. Nephelium lappaceum,
ass. SALVADORACEAE. Linn.
9. Nephelium litchi, Camb.
1. Azima tetracantha. Lam. See:—Litchi chinensis.
2. Monita barberioides. See: 10. Nephelium 1 o n g a n a,
—Azima tetracantha. Camb. See:—Euphorbia
3. Salvadora indica, Royle. or Euphoi-ia longana.
4. '-'Salvadora oleoides, Dene. 11. Sapindus d e t e r gens,
5. *Salvadora persica, Linn. Roxb. See:— Sapindus
See:—Salvadora indica, & emarginatus; Sapindus
Salvadora wightiana. laurifolia'; Sapindus rubi-
ginosus; Sapindus trifo-
158. SAMYDACEAE. liata; Sapindus muko-
1. Casearia esculenta, Roxb. rossi.
12. Sapindus emarginatus.
2. Casearia graveolens, Dalz.
See:—Sapindus trifoliata;
3. Casearia tomentosa, Roxh.
Sapindus laurifolia; Sa-
See:—Casearia elliptica.
pindus rubiginosus; Sa-
pindus mukorossi; Sapin-
157. SANTALACEAE. dus detergens.
1. *Osyris arborea. Wall. 13. Sapindus laurifolia, Vdhl.
See:—Osyris vi^ightiana. See:—Sapindus trifoliata;
2. '''Santalum album, Linn. Sapindus emarginatus;
 INDEX 603

Sapindus rubiginosus; Sa- 4. Ribes nigrum, Linn.

pindus mukorossi; Sapin- 5. Ribes orientale, Pair. &
dus detergehs. Desf.
14. Sapindus mukor o s s i, 6. Ribes rubrum, Linn.
Gaertn. See:—Sapindus
emarginatus; Sapindus 7. Saxifraga ligulat^, Wall.
laurifolia; Sapindus rubi- See:—Bergenia ligulata,
ginosus; Sapindus trifo- Wall.
liata; Sapindus detergens.
15. Sapindus rubigino s u s, 161. SCITAMINACEAE,
See:—Sapindus d e t e r - or SCITAMINEAE.
gens; Sapindus emargina-
tus; Sapindus laurifolia; 1. Alpinia chinensis. See:—
Sapindus mukorossi; Sa- Alpinia khulanjan.
pindus trifoliata. 2. *Alpinia galanga, Willd. &
16. Sapindus trifoliata, Linn. Swartz. S e e :—^Alpinia
See:—Sapindus emargina- rheedii.
tus; Sapindus laurifolia; 3. Alpinia khulanjan, M.
Sapindus rubiginosus; Sa- Sheriff. - (or Alpinia chi-
pindus mukorossi; Sapin- nensis) .
dus detergens. 4. Alpinia nutans, Roscoe.
17. Schleichera trijuga, Willd. See:—Alpinia speciosa.
5. *Alpinia o ffi c i n a rum,
159. SAPOTAGEAE. ,Hance.
f •- .6. Amomum amarum; Amo-
1. Achras sapota, Linn. mum aromaticum; Amo-
2. Bassia butyracea, Roxb. mum xanthioides; See:—
3. *Bassia latifolia, Roxb. Elettaria cardamomum.
4. "Bassia longifolia, Linn. 7. Amomum aromaticum,
5. Bassia malabarica, Bedd. Roxb.
6. Chrysophyllum roxbur- 8. Amomum galanga. See:—
ghii, Don. Alpinia galanga.
7. *Miniusops elengi, Linn. 9. Amomum m a l e gueta,
8. *Mimusops h e x a n dra, Roscoe.
Roxb. See:—Mimusops 10. Amomum subula t u r n ,
indica. Roxb. See:—Eleittaria ma-
9. Mimusops indica, Roxb. jor.
See:—Mimusops hexan- 11. Amomum xanthioides,
dra. Wall.
10. Mimusops kauki, Linn. 12. Amomum zerumbet, See:
—Curcuma zedoaria.
160. SAXIFRAGACEAE. 13. *Canna indica, Linn, or
1. Dichroa febrifuga, Lour. Canna orientalis.
See:—Adamia cyanea. 14. Canna orientalis.
2. Hydrangea aspera, Buch: 15. Cardamomum magus, or
3. Ribes grossularia, Linn. cardamamon magus?
^4 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

16. *Costus speciosus, Sm. 35. *.M u s a sapientum, 0„

See:—Haplotaxis costus. Kuntze. & Linn. Same as
17. *Curcuma amada, Linn, or M. paradisiaca.
Roxh. or Curcuma matico. 36. *Ravenala madagascarien-
18. Curcuma angustifolia, sis.
Roxb. 37. Rascoea purpurea, Royle.
19. *Curcuma a r o m a tica, 38. *Zingiber cassumunat;
Salisb. Same as Curcuma Roxb. See:— Zingiber
longa. purpureum; Zingiber clif-
20. Curcuma caesia, Rqxb. fordii.
See:—Curcuma l o n g a , 39. Zingiber clifJordii. See:—
Roxb. Zingiber cassumu n a r,
21. Curcuma longa, Linn. & Roxb. Zingiber p u i ^ u -
Roxb. reum.
22. Curcuma zedoaria, Rose. 40. * Zingiber officinalis or offi-
orfCurcuma zerumbet; or cinale, Roscoe.
Amomum zerumbet. 41. Zingiber purpureum. See:
23. *EIettaria cardamomum, —Zingiber cassumunar,
Maton. See:— Elettaria Roxb. Zingiber cliffordii.
repens; Alpinia cardamo- 42. Zingiber zerumbet, Rose
mum. & Smith. Use same as Z .
officinalis.
24. Elettaria major, See:—
Amomum subulatum.
25. Elettaria repens, See:—
162. SCROPHULARI-
Hettaria cardamomum. ACEAE. or
26. Hedychiiim spica t u m, SCROPHULARI-
Ham. NEAE
27. Hitchenia caulina, Baker. 1. Anag.allis arvensis, Linn.
28. Kaempferia angustifolia. See:—Veronica anagalUs.
Rose. 2. Artanema sesamoides,
29. Kaempferia g a 1 a n g a, Benth & Wight:
Linn. 3. *Bonnaya veronicaefolia,
30. Kaempferia longa. See:— Wight & Spreng. See:—
Kaempferia r o ,t u n d a, Bonnaya reptans; Ilysan-
Linn. thes reptans.
31. *Kaempferia rotunda, 4. Celsia caucasica, Willd.
Linn. See:—Kaempferia 5. Celsia cinnamomea, Lindl.
longa. 6. Celsia coromandeliana,
32. *Maranta arundinacea, Vahl. & Wight.
Linn. 7. Curanga amara, Jnss.
33. Maranta galanga, See:— 8. '"Digitalis purpurea, Liim.
Alpinia galanga. 9. *Dopatrium j u n c e u m,
34. *Musa paradisiaca, Linn. Ham.
See:—Musa sapientum, 10. Dopatrium lobelioides,
Kunt^e. Benth.
 INDEX 605

11. Dopatrium nudicaule, 30. *Scoparia dulcis, Linn.

Ham. 31. Sopubia delphinifolia, G.
12. *Herpestis monnieria, H. B. Don. See:—Andropogon
& K. See:— Herpestis halep.ensis.
cuncifolia; Gratiola mon- 32. *Stemodia viscosa, Roxb.
nieria. & Wight.
13. *IUysarithes parvi flora, 33. *Striga orobanchioides,
Benth. Benth.
14. Lathraea s ,q u a maria, 34. *Torema asiatica, Linn.
Linn. 35. Vandellia erecta, Benth.
15. '•'••Limnophila elongata, See: See:—Vandellia pyxida-
—Limnophila grafioloi- ria.
des; Limnophila inter- 36. • Vandellia pedanculata,
media. Benth. Use same as V.
16. Limnophila gratioloides, roxburghii.
R. Br. See:—-Limnophila 37. Verbascum thapsus, Linn.
gratissima; Limnophila in- 38. Veronica ai-vensis, Linn.
, termedia; & Limnophila 39. Veronica beccabunga,
elongata. Linn.
17. Limnophila gratissima, 40. Veronica hederaefolia,
Blwme &.Biidr. Same as Linn.
L. gratioloides.
18. Limnophila intermedia.
See:—Limnophila gratio- i62a. SIMAROUBACEAE.
loides; Limnophila elon-
gata. 1. *Ailanthus excelsa, Roxb.
19. Limonia scandens, See:— 2. Ailanthus glandulosa,
Luvunga scandens. ,, Desf.
20. Linaria cirrhosa, Hk. 3. Ailanthus malabarica,
21. Linaria cymbalaria, Mill. DC.
22. Linaria minorj Desf. 4. Balanites aegyptiaca, Deh
23. Linaria ramosissima, Wall See:—^Balanites roxbur-
& Wight. ghii; Ximenia aegyptiaca;
24. *Moniera c u n e i folia, Ximenia aquihalid; Xime-
Michx. See:— Herpestis nia ferox; Aquialida rox-
monnieria. burghii; Balanites ferox.
25. Pedicularis comosa, Linn. 5. Balanites indica.
26. Pedicularis pectinata, 6. Balanites r o x burghii,
. Wall. Planch. See:— Balanites
27. Pedicularis siphonantha, aegyptiaca; Balanites in-
Don. dica.
28. Picrorrhiza k u r r o o a, 7. Eurycoma longifolia, Jacfc.
Benth. 8. Picrasma excelsa, Swartz.
29. Schweinfurthia sphaero- & Planchon. See:—Quas-
carpa, A. Braun. See:— sia excelsa.
Antirrhinum glaucum. 9. Picrasma javanica, Blume.
 606 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDIC A

10. Picrasma nephalensis, 5 Capsicum a c u minata,^

Benn. Fingerh.
11. Picrasma quassioides, 6. *Capsicum annum, Linn.
Benn. See:—Nima quas- & Capsicum frutescens.
sioides; Simaba quassi- 7. Capsicum baccata, Irish,
oides; Simaruba quassi- or Capsicum baccatum.
oides.
8. Capsicum cerasiforme, or
12. Quassia excelsa, or Quas- Capsicum cerasiformis?
sia amara. See:—Picras- Lamk. or Lanh. or Bailey.
ma excelsa; Simaruba ex- 9. Capsicum fastigiatum.
celsa.
13. Samadera indica, Gaertn. 10. *Gapsicum f r u tesceiis,
See:—Samadera pentape- Linn. See:— Capsicum
tala. minimum.
14. Samadera lucida, Wall. 11. Capsicum grossum, Willd.
<^, See:—Samadera indica. or Bailey.
15. Samadera pentapetala, 12. Capsicum longum, Bailey.
See:—Samadera indica; 13. Capsicum m i n i m u.m,
Samadera lucida. Roxb. See:— Capsicum
16. Simaruba excelsa, See:— frutescens.
Quassia excelsa, Picrasma 14. Capsicum nepalens, or
excelsa. Capsicum nepaleanse.
17. Simaruba quassioides, 15. *Datura alba, Ness &
See:—Picrasma quassioi- Wight. See:—Datura fas-
des; Nima quassioides. tuosa; Datura nigra (Stra-
18. Ximenia aegyptiaca, Linn. monium); Datura metal;
See:—Balanites roxbur- Datura nilhummaitu.
ghii, Planch. Balanites 16. *Datura fastuosa, Linn. &
aegyptiaca, Del. Wight. See:—^D a t u r a
19. Caulerpa crassifolia, and alba.
its other species. 17. Datura metal, Lin7t.
18. *Datura stramonium, Linn.
163. SOLANACEAE. 19. Hyoscyamus i n s a nus,
1. Atropa acuminata. See:— Linn. See;—^Hyoscyamus
Atropa mandragora; Man- muticus, Linn.
dragora officinarum; Man- 20. Hyoscyamus m u t i cus,
dragora autumnalis; Man- Linn. & Mant. or Hyos-
dragora vemalis. cyamus insanus.
2. Atropa belladonna, Linn. 21. Hyoscyamus niger, Linn.
3. Atropa mandragora. See: See:— Hyoscyamus au-
—^Atropa a c u minata; rens; Hyoscyamus reticu-
Mandragora autumnalis; laris.
Mandragora v e r nalis; 22. Hyoscyamus p u s i 1 u s^
Mandragora officinarum. Linn.
4. Capsicum a b b r e v i a t e , 23. Hyoscyamus reticulaitus,
Fingerh. Linn.
 INDEX 6or

24. Lycium barbarum, Linn. 38. Physalis peruviana, Linn.^

See:— Lycium europa- 39. Physalis somnifera, Linn.
eum. Donal. See:—Withania
25. Lycium europaeum, Linn. somnifera.
See:—Lycium barbarunl. 40. Physochlaina praealta,
26. *Lycopersicum esculen- Hook.
tum, Mill. See:—Sola- 41. Puneeria c o a g-u 1 a n s,
num lycopersicum. Stocks & Wight. See:—
27. Mandragora autumnalis, W i t h a n i a coagulans,
See:—Mandragora offici- Dunal.
narum; Mandragora ver- 42. Scopolia lurida, Dunal.
nalis; Atropa acuminata; 43. Scopola proealta, Dunal.
Atropa mandragora. 44. Solanum diffusum. See:--
28. Mandragora officinarum, Solanum jacquinii; Sola-
Linn. Mandragora autum- num xanthocarpum; So-
nalis; Mandragora vema- lanum virginionum.
lis; or Atropa acuminata; 45. Solanum d u l c a m a r a ,
or Atropa mandragora. Linn.
29. Mandragora verrialis, See: 46. Solanmn esculentum.
—Mandragora officina- 47. Solanum ferox, Linn &
rum; Mandragora autum- Wight.
nalis. 48. Solanum gracilipes. Dene.
30. *Nicandra physaloides, 49. Solanum incertum. See:—
Gaertn. Solanum nigrum; Sola-
31. Nicotiana persica, See:— num rubrum.
Nicotiana tabacum, Linn. 50. * Solanum indicum, Linn.
Nicotiana h a v a nensis, & Wight.
Lag. Nicotiana rustica, 51. *Solanum jacquinii. See:—•
Linn. Solanum xanthocarpum;
32. Nicotiana rustica, Linu. Solanum virginionum; &
Similar to N. havanensis; Solanum diffusum; Sola-
N. tabacum; N. persica. num trilobatum.
33. '''Nicotiana tabacum, Linn. 52. Solanum lycopersicum,
See:—Nicotiana rustica, Linn. See:—Lycopersi-
& Nicotiana havanensis; cum esculantum. Mill.
Nicotiana persica. 53. '"Solanum melongena,
34. Physalis alkekenji, Linn. Linn.
35. Physalis flexuosa, Linn. 54. Solanum nigrum, Linn.
See:—Withania somni- See:—Solanum rubrum;
fera, Dun. & Physalis & Solanum incertum.
somnifera. 55. Solanum rubrum, Mill. &
36. Physalis indica, C. B. Wight. S e e : — S o l a n u m
Clarke. See:—Physalis nigrum.
minima, Linn. 56. Solanum spirale, Roxb.
37. *Physalis minima, Linn. 57. Solanum trilobatum,
See:—Physalis indica. Linn. & Wight.
 £08 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

38. *Solanum tuberosum. 12. Pterospermum suberifo-

59. '"''Solanum verbascifolium, lium, Lain, See:—Pteros-
Linn. & Wight. permum canescens.
GO. Solanum virginionum, 13. Sterculia acuminata,
See:—Solanum jacquinii; See:—Cola acuminata.
Solanum xanthocarpum; 14. Sterculia alata, Roxh.
Solanum diffusum. See:—Pterygota alata.
SI. *Solanum xanthocarpum, 15. *Sterculia foetida, Linn.
Linn. & Schrad. & Wendl. 16. Sterculia scaphigera,
See:—Solanuni jacquinii; Wall. See:—Scaphiuni
Solanum virginionum; wallichii, Schott. & Endh
Solanum diffisum'; Sola- 17. *Sterculia urens, Roxh.
num trilobatum. 18. *Theobroma cacao, Linn.
62. Withania coagulans,
Dunal. See:—^Puneeria 165, STYRACEAE.
i? coagulans Stocks &
Wight. , 1. Styrax benzoin, Dryand.
63. *W i t h a n i a somnifera, See:—Hopea racemosa.
Dunal. See:—Physalis 2. Styrax Hookeri, Clarke.
somnifera; Physalis flex- 3. Styrax officinale, Linn.
uosa. 4. Styrax serrulatum, Roxb.

164..STERCULIACEAE. 166. SYMPLCX:ACEAE.

1. Abroma augusta, Linn. 1. Symplocos beddomei,
or Abroma fastuosa; or See:—Hopea racemosa,
Abroma fa$tuosum, Linn. Styrax benzoin, Dryand,
2. *Cola acuminata, (Beauv.) 2. Symplocos crataegoides.
SchoU. Ham.
3. Cola vera. 3. Symplocos , racemosay
Roxb. See:—SymploGos
• 4. Eriolaena quinquelocu- theofolia.
cularis, Wight. 4. Symplocos theofolia,
5. *Guazuma tomentosa, See;-Symplocos race-
H.B. & K. & Kunth. mosa, Roxb.
6. Helicteres isora, Linn.
^. *Melochia corchorifolia, 167. TACCACEAE.
Linn. See:—Riedleia cor- 1. Tacca aspera, Roxb.
chorifolia.
See:—Tacca lavis; Tacca
8. Pentapetes phoenicea, pinnatifida.
Linn. 2. Tacca lavis, Roxh. See:—
9. Pterospermum acerifo- Tacca aspera, Roxb.
lium, Willd. Tacca pinnatifida.
10. Pterospermum glabres-
cens. 168. TAMARICACEAEi
11. Pterospermum heynea-
num. Wall. 1. Myricaria elegans, Royle.
 INDEX 609

2. Tamarix articulata, Vahl. 172. TILIACEAE.

See:—Tamarix orientalis,
& Tamarix dioica. 1. Corchorus antichorus,
3. Tamarix dioica, Roxh. Raeusch. See:—Corcho-
See:—Tamarix gallica; rus depressus.
& Tamarix articulata. 2. Corchorus capsularis,
4. Tamarix gallica, Dyer or Linn. & Corchorus trilo-
Linn or Wight. See:— cularis.
Tamarijj indica; .Tamarix 3. Corchorus clitorius, Linn.
dioica; Tamarix troupii. 4. Corchorus fascicularis,
5. Tamarix indica. See:— Lam.
Tamarix gallica.
6. Tamarix orientalis. See:— 5. Corchorus trilocularis,
Tamarix articulata, Vahl. Linn.
6. *Elae6carpus ganitrus,
169. TAMARISaNEAE. Roxb.
1. Reaumuria hypericoides, 7. Elaeocarpus oblongus,
Willd. Gaertn.
8. Elaeocarpus serratus,
170. TERNSTROEMIA- Linn.
CEAE. 9. Elaeocarpus tuberculatus,
Roxb. See:—Monocera
1. Camellia thea. Link. tuberculata.
Seei:—CameHia theifera; 10. *Grewia asistica, Linn.
Camellia theasinensis. See:—Grewia elastica;
2. Camellia theiffera. Griff Grewia tiliaefolia; Gre-
& Hook, See:—Camellia wia vestita.
thea. 11. Grewia elastica, Var:—
3. Gordonia obtusa. Wall. See:—Grewia asiatica;
4. Schima wallachii, Chois. Grewia vestita; Grewia
5. Thea assamica, See:— tiliaefolia.
Camellia thea, or Camel- 12. Grewia hirsuta, Vahl.
lia theifera, Linm,, Hook See:—Grewia polygama.
& Griff. 13. Grewia lancifolia. See:—
Grewia polygama.
171. THYMELACACEAE. 14. Grewia microcos, Linn.
See:—Grewia umifolia.
1. Aquilaria agallocha, Roxh 15. Grewia orbiculata, G.
See:—Aquilaria oyata. Don. See:—Grewia vil-
2. Daphne oleoides, Schreib. ^ losa.
' See:—Daphne muchro- 16. Grewia polygama, Roxh.
nata. & Mast. See:—Grewia
3. Lasiosiphon eriocephalus lancifolia; & Grewia hir-
Dene. See:—Grddia erio- suta.
.cephala. Gnidia sispa- 17. Grewia salvifolia, See:—
rensis. Alangium decapetalum.
39
 610 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

18. Grewia scabrophylla, 11. Carum carui or C. carvi,

Roxb. See:—Grewia scle- B. P. Linn. . See:—C.
rophylla. nigrum; C. gracile. See:—
19. *Grewia tiliaefolia, Vahl. Nigella sativa.
See:—Grewia asiatica. 12 Carum copticum, Benth
20. Grewia vestita, See:— & Hook. See:—Ammi
Grewia asiatica; Grewia .cOpticum; Carum rox-
elastica; Gnewia tiliae- burghianum. Ptychotis
folia. ajowan; Ptychotis coptica;
21. Grewia villosa, Willd. Ptychotis roxburghianum.
See:—Grewia orbiculata
22. *Triumfetta rhomboidea, 13. Carum gracile. See:—
J acq. See:—bartramia, Nigella sativa.
Linn. 14. Carum nigrum. See:—
Nigella sativa.
15. Carum xoxburghilanum,
%: 173. TYPHACEAE. Benth. See:—Carum cop-
1. Typha angustiioha, Linn. ticum; Ammi copticum;
Ptychotis ajowan; Ptycho-
174. UMBELLIFERAE. tis coptica; Ptychotis rox-
burghianum; Apium in-
1. Anethum foeniculum, volocratum.
See:—Foeniculum vul- 16 Centella asiatica. Urban.
gare. ^7 Conium. maculatum, Linn.
2. Anethum graveolens,
Linn. See:—^Peucedanum Coriandrum s a t i v u m ,
graveolens. Linn.
3. Anethum sowa, Roxb. 19. Cum^num cjrminum,
See:—^Peucedanum sowa. Linn. See:—Carum carui.
Kurz. Peucedanum gra- Cuminum nigrum. See:—
veolens. Nigella sativa.
4. Anethum trifoliatum. '^ • Daucus carota, Linn.
See:—^Pimpinella anisum. See:—Daucus vulgaris.
5. Angelica glauea, Edgew. 22. Dorema ammoniacum,
6. Anthriscus cerefolium, Don. See:—^D o r e m a
Hoiftnan. aureum; Dorema gla-
7. Apium graveolens, Linn. brum; Ferula orientalis;
8. Apium petroselinum. Ferula tingitana.
See:—^Petroselinum sati- 23. Dorema aureum, Stocks,
vum, Linn. resembles D. ammonia-
9. Carum ajowan or C. cum.
copticum, or carurn rox- 24. Eryngium coeruleum,
burgianum. See:—Ptycho- Bieb.
tis ajowan. 25 Ferula silliacea, Boiss.
10. Carum bulbocastanum, Same as Ferula foetida.
Koch. Similar to C. 26 Ferula asafoetida; F.
carui. foetida; Ferula alliaceae;
 INDEX 611'

F. narthex; Ferula scoro- 41. Peteroselinum hortense;

dosma. Hoffm. See:—Peteroseli-
27. Ferula foetida, Regal. num sativum.
Same as F. alliaceae. 42. Peteroselinum sativum,
28. Ferula galbaniflua, Boiss Hoff.
et Bushe. 43. Puecedanum grande, C.
29. F e r u l a jaeschkeana, B. Clarke. See:—Pasti-
Vatke. See:—Ferula foe- naca grande.
tidissima, Vatke. 44. Puecedanum graveolens,
30. Ferula narthex, Boiss. Benth & Hook. See:—
Same as Ferula galbani- Anethum sowa.
flava. See:—Narthex asa- 45. Pimpinella anisum, Linn.
foetida. See:—Ulicium v e r u m,
31. Ferula orientalis, Linn. Hook.
or Ferula tingitana, or 46. Pimpinella heyneana,
Dorema ammoniacum, or- Wall.
•D. glabrum. 47. Pimpinella s a x i fraga,
32. Ferula suaveolens. Linn. Var:—Distaschyfo-
33. Ferula sumbul, Hook, ha, C. B. Clarke.
same as Ferula narthex; 48. Prangos pabularia, LindL
See:—Nardostachys jata- 49. Psammogeton bitematum,,
mansi. Narda spica; Nar- Edgw.
dus indicus; Valeriana 50. Ptychotis ajowan, D.C.
jatamansi. Ptychotis coptica; Ptycho-
34. Foeniculam panmorium, tis roxburgianum. See:—
See:—Anethum panmo- Carum copticum; Carum
rium. roxburgianum; A m m i
35. Foeniculum vulgare, copticum.
Gaertn. See:—Foenicu- 51. Seseli indicum, W. & A:
lum canillaceum, & See:—Ligusticum diffu-
Anethum foeniculum; sum, Roxb.
Anethum panmorium. 52. Trachydium lehmanni;
36. Hydrocotyle asiatica, Linn. Benth.
37. Hydrocotyle rotundifoha,
Roxh. 175. URTICACEAE.
38. Ligusticum diffusum, 1. *Antiaris toxicaria, Lesch.
Roxb. See;—Seseli indi- 2. Artocarpus blumei.
cum. 3. ""Artocarpus h i r s u t a,
39. Narthex asafoetida, FaZc. Lamk.
See:—^Ferula asafoetida; 4. *Artocarpus incisa.
F. narthex; Ferula foe- 5. *Artocarpus integrifolia,
tida; F. alliaceae; Ferula ^inn.
scorodosma. 6. • *Artocarpus 1 a k o o cha,
40. Opopanax c h i ronium, Roccb.
Koch. 7. Artocarpus parvifolia.
612 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

8. Cannabis indica, See:— 34. *Ficus religiosa, Linn

Cannabis sativa. S e e : — U r o s t i g m a reli-
9. Cannabis sativa, Linn. See: giosum.
—Cannabis indica. 35. *Ficus retusa, Linn. See:~
10. *Celtis orientalis, Linn. Ficus benjamina.
11. *Celtis reticulata, Hk. j . & 36. Ficus ribes, Reinw.
T. 37. *Ficus rumphii, Blume.
12. *Debregeasia velutina. See:—Ficus cordifolia.
13. *Dorstenia indica. Wall. 38. *Ficus talboti, King.
14. *Ficus arbutifolia. 39. Ficus tjakela. See:—Ficus
15. *Ficus amottiana, Miq. infectoria.
16. Ficus asperrima, Roxb. 40. *Ficus tsiela, Roxb.
17. *Ficus bengalensis, Linn.
See:—Urostigma benga- 41. Girardinia heterophylla,
lense; Ficus indica. Dene. Gerormiera reticu-
18. Ficus benjamina, Linn. lata, Thwaites. Geron-
or Ficus comosa; or Ficus niera zeylanica.
retusa. 42. *Gironniera reticulata,
19. *Ficus carica, Linn. See:— Thw.
Psidium pomiferum. 43. *Holoptelea integrifolia.
20. Ficus comosa, See:— Planch. See:—Uhnus in-
Ficus benjamina. tegrifolia.
21. Ficus cunia, Ham. See:— 44. Humulus lupulus, Linn.
Ficus conglomerata. 45. *Laportea crenulata. Gaud.
22. Ficus daemona, See:— See:—Urtica crenulata.
Ficus hispida. 46. *Morus alba, Linn, or
23. Ficus dalhousiae, Miq. Morus indica; Morus
24. *Ficus elastica, Roxh. parviflora.
25." *Ficus gibbosa, Blume. 47. *Morus indica, Linn. See:-
See:—Ficus tuberculata. Morus alba; Morus parvi-
26. *Ficus glomerata, Roxh. flora.
48. Morus nigra, Linn.
27. Ficus heterophylla, Linn.
See:—^Ficus scabrella. 49. Morus parviflora. See:—
28. Ficus hispida, Linn. See:- Morus alba; Morus indica.
Ficus daemona; Ficus op- 50. *Pouzolzia indica. Gaud.
positifolia. See:—Pouzolzia diffusa;
29. Ficus indica. See:—Ficus Pouzolzia procumbens;
bengalensis. Urtica alienata.
30. *Ficus infectoria, Roxb. 51. *Streblus asper, Laur. &
See:—^Ficus lacor. Linn. See:—Epicarpurus
31. Ficus oppositifolia, Willd. orientalis, & Trophis as-
See:—Ficus hispida. pera.
32. Ficus palmata, JForsk. 52. *Trema orientalis, Blume.
See:—Ficus virgata. 53. Trophis aspera. See:—
33. Ficus racemosa. See:— Streblus asper, Linn. Epi-
Ficus glomerata. carpurus orientalis.
 INDEX 613

54. *Ulmus. campestris, Linru 10. Valeriana sambucifolia,

55. Urostigma bengalense, Mik. See:—Valeriana offi-
Gasp. See:—Ficus benga- cinalis, Linn. Valeriana
lensis, Linn. mikanii, Syme.
56. Urtica dioica, Linn. 11. Valeriana wallichii, DC.
See:—Valeriana hard-
57. Urtica parviflora, Roxb. wickii; Valeriana leschi-
naultii; Valeriana bruno-
176. VALERIANACEAE. niana.

1. Narda spica, See:—Nar- 177. VERBENACEAE.

dostachys jatamansi. See: 1. * A v i c e n n i a officinalis,
Patrinia jatamansi, Vale- Linn.
riana jatamansi, Valeri- 2. Avicennia tomentosa,
ana spica. Roxb. & Jacq.
la. Nardostachys grandiflora. 3. Callicarpa americana.
2. Nardostachys jatamansi, See:—Callicarpa lanata.
DC. See:—Ferula sum- 4. Callicarpa arborea, Roxb.
hul.'Hook. Narda spica; 5. Callicarpa cana, Linn.
Nardus indicus; Valeri- See:—Callicarpa lanata.
ana jatamansi. 6. *Callicarpa lanata, Linn.
3. Valeriana brunoniana, W. See:—Callicarpa walli-
& A. See:—Valeriana . chiana, or Callicarpa cana
wallichii, DC. Valeriana or Callicarpa tomentosa,
leschenaultii, DC. or Callicarpa americana.
4. Valeriana celtica, Linn. 7. Callicarpa macrophylla,
Valeriana jatamanshi, DC. Vahl. See:—Callicarpa
NardoiStachys jatamanshi. lanata, - •
5. Valeriana hardwickii, 8. Callicarpa tomentosa,
Wall. See:—Callicarpa lanata.
6. Valeriana jatamansi, DC. 9. Callicarpa wallichiana,
See:—^Valeriana celtica, Walp. See:—Callicarpa
Linn. Nardostachys jata- lanata.
manshi, DC. 10. *Clerodendron inerme,
7. Valeriana leschenaultii, Gaertn. or Clerodendron
DC. See:—^Valeriana wal- neriifolium. See:—
lichii, DC. Valeriana Valkemeria inerme.
brunoniana. 11. Clerodendron infontuna-
8. Valeriana mikanii, Syme. tum, Gaertn. & Linn.
See:—Valeriana officina- 12. Clerodendron phlomoides,
lis, Linn. Valeriana sam- or Clerodendron phlomi-
bucifolia, Mik. dis, Linn & Willd. See:—
9. Valeriana officinalis, (B. Valkemeria multiflora.
P.) Linn. See:—Valeriana 13. Clerodendron serratum,
mikanii, Syme. Valeriana Spreng. or Clerodendron
sambucifolia, Mik. serratifolium.
 614 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEIMCA

14. Clerodendron siphonan- 35. Vitex leucoxylon, Linn.

thus, R.Br. See:—^Premna See:—^Wallrothia leucoxy-
herbacea. lon.
15. *Gmelina arborea, Roxh. 36., *Vitex negundb, Linn.
16. See:—Vitex paniculate.
*Gmelina asiatica, Linn. 37. Vitex paniculata, See:—
See:—Gmelina parviflora. Vitex negundo, Linn.
17. Gmelina parviflora, See:~ 38. Vitex peduncularis, Wall.
Gmelina asiatica. See:—P h a s e o lus rox-
18. Lantana aculeata, Linn. burghii? or Putranjiva
See:—Lantana camara, roxburghii?
Linn. 39. Vitex trifolia, Linn.
19.
*Lantana camara, Linn.
20. See:—Lantana aculeata. 178. VIOLACEAE.
Lantana indica, Roxh. &
%• 21. Wight. 1. lonidium suffruticosum,
*Lippia nodiflora, Mich. Ging. See:—Viola suffro-
22. ticosa, lonidium enneas-
Premna esculenta, Roxb.
23. permum.
Premna herbacea, Roxb.
2. Viola cinerea, Boiss. See:-
24. Premna integrifolia, Linn. Viola stocksii; V. ser-
or Premna spinosa. pens.. Use saine as V.
See:—Premna sarrati- odorata.
folia. 3. Viola odorata, Linn.
25. Premna latifolia, Roxb. 4. Viola serpens, Wall.
& Wight. See:—^Viola c i n e r ea,
26. Boiss.
Premna mucronata, Roxb.
27. 5. Viola tricolor, Linn.
Premna serratifolia, Linn.
See:—Premna spinosa;
Premna integrifolia.
179. VITACEAE.
28. Premna spinosa, See:— 1. Ampelocissus amotiana,
Premna integrifolia, Linn. See:—Vitis indica, Linn.
Premna serratifolia, Linn. Cissus adanata, or Cissus
29. quadrangularis, & Cissus
Premna tomentosa, Willd.
30. *Tectona grandis, Linn. setosa; See:—Vitis ada-
30a. Valkemeria inerme, Linn. nata.
See:—Clerodendron in- 3. Cissus quadrangularis,
erme, R. Br. & Gaertn. Linn. See:—Vitis quad-
31. Valkemeria multiflora, rangularis.
See:—Clerodendron, phlo- Cissus setosa, Roxb.
See:—Vitis setosa.
moides, Linn.
31a. Verbena officinalis, Linn. 5. Leea aequata, Linn. See:—
Leea hirta, Rox.
32. Vitex agnus-castus, Linn. 6. Leea crispa, Linn.
33. Vitex glabrata, R. Br. 7. Leea hirta, Roxh. See:—
34. Vitex latifolia. Leea aequata, Linn.
 INDEX 615

8. *Leea macrophylla, Roxh. 22. Vitis tomentosa, Heyne.

9. Leea robusta, Roxh. See:- 23. Vitis trifolia, C. Ke. See:-
Leea diffusa. Vitis carnosa. Waif.
IQ. Leea sambucina, Willd.
See:—Leea stayphylea. 24. *Vitis vinifera, Linn.
Leea indica.
11. Leea staphylea, Roxb. 180. XYRIDACEAE.
See:—Leea sambucina
Leea indica. 1. Xyris anceps, Lamfc.
12. Staphylea indica, Roxb.
See:—^Leea indica. 2. Xyris indica, Linn.
13. Vitis adnata, Wall, See:—
Vitis setosa. 181. ZYGOPHYLLA-
14. Vitis araneosa. Laws or
Dalz. See:—Ampelocissus CEAE.
araneosa.
15. Vitig caniosa, Wall. See:~ 1. Fagonia arabica, Linn.
Vitis trifolia; Cayratia See:—Fagonia cretica; F.
carnosa. bruguleri; F. mysorensis.
16. Vitis indica, Linn. See:— 2. Fagonia bruguieri, DC.
Ampelocissus amotiana. See:—^Fagonia cretica.
17. *Vitis latifolia, Roxb. See:- 3. Fagonia cretica, Linn.
Ampeloclssus latifolia. See:—^Fagonia bruguieri;
Fagonia arabica; & Fago-
18. Vitis pallida, W. & A. nia mysorensis.
See:—Cissus pallida W.
& A. 4. Fagonia mysorensis.
19. Vitis pedata, Vahl. See:— 5. Tribulus alatus, Delile.
Columella pedata; Cissus Use same as T. terrestris,
pedata & Cayratia pedata. Linn.
20. *Vitis quadrangularis. 6. Trihulus lenuginosus,
Wall. See:—Lycopodium See:—Tribulus terrestris,
imbricatum; Heliotro- Linn. Tribulus zeylanicus.
pium indicum, Linn. Hygrophila terrestris.
(N. O. Boroginaceae). 7. Tribulus terrestris, Lin.ii.
Cissus quadrangularis; Tribulus lenuginosus; Tri-
Cissus edulis. bulus zeylanicus. See:—
21. *Vitis setosa, Wall. See:— Hygrophila terrestris.
Cissus setosa; Cissus cor- 8. *Zygophyllum simplex,
data; Vitis adnata. Linn.
INDEX—LIST OF NATURAL ORDERS, GENERA &
FAMILIES, APPEARING IN TfflS BOOK, WITH
THEIR RESPECTIVE ALTERNATIVES, ENGLISH
AND INDIAN EQUIVALENT NAMES.
Natural Orders, Genera English Indian
'and Family Names. Families. orders.

1. Acanthaceae. Acanthads or Adusa.

Acanthus.
2. Aizoaceae. Weeds.
3. Alangiaceae.
4. Algae. Sea-weeds. Chinai-ghas.
5. Alismaceae.
6. Amaranthaceae, or Amaranths. Cholai-bhaji,
Amarantaceae. or Aghada.
7. Amjaryllidaceae, or • Amaryllids. Sukadarsan.
Amaryllideae. Amaryllus.
8. Anacardiaceae. Anacards; Bhilmo or
Terebinths, or Kaju.
Sumaes.
9. Annonaceae, or Custard-apple.
Anonaceae.
10. Apocynaceae. Dogbanes. Satavari.
11. Araceae, or Arads, or Madanmasta,
Aroidaceae. Arunis. or Surana.
12. Araliaceae. Ginseng.
13. Aristolochiaceae, or Birthworts. Sapasana, or
Aristolochiae. Kidamara.
14. Aroideae, See:— •
Araceae.
15. Asclepiadaceae, or Milkweeds. Upalasari.
Asclepiadeae.
16. Ascomycetes.
17. Balsaminaceae. Jewel-weed.
18. Begoniaceae, or
Begomaceae.
19. Berberidaceae, or Barberry. Daruhalada
Berberideae.
20. Betulaceae. Birch.
21. Bignoniaceae, See:— Trumpet-
Begoniaceae, etc. creeper.
22. Bixaceae, or Chaulmogra. Kesari.
 INDEX 617

Natural Orders, Genera English Indian

and Family Names. Families. orders.
23. Bexineae.
24. Bombacaceae.
25. Boraginaceae, or Borages. Gaozabana.
Boragineae.
26. Bromeliaceae.
27. Burseraceae. Myrrh.
28. Cactaceae. Cactus.
29. Caesalpineae, or
Caesalpiniaceae, or
Caesalpinioideae.
(Sub-family of
Leguminosae.)
30. Campanulaceae. Bell-flower.
31. Capparidaceae or Capparids. Hurahura.
Capparideae.
32. Caprifoliaceae. Honey-suckle.
33. Caricaceae. Papaw.
34. Caryophyllaceae.
35. Casuarinaceae.
36. Celastraceae. Staff-tree.
37. Celastrineae.
38. Chenopodiaceae. Goose-foot.
39. Chloranthaceae.
40. Cochlospermaceae.
41. Colchicaceae. Colchicum. Suranjana.
42. Combretaceae. Myrobalans. Himaja.
43. Commelinaceae.
44. Compositae. Composites or Sevate.
Thistles.
45. Coniferae. Conifers or Gandhabiroja,
Pines. or Devadara.
46. Connaraceae.
47. Convolvulaceae, Bind weeds or Nishotara.
Morning Glory
48. Cornaceae. Dogwood.
49. Crassulaceae.
50. Crophularineae.
51. Cruciferae. Crucifers, or Rai.
Turnips or
Cabbages.
52. Cucurbitaceae. Cucurbits or Dodhi.
Gourd.
53. Cupuliferae.
54. Cycadaceae.
•eis THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Natural Orders, Genera English Indian

and Family Names. Families. orders.
55. Cyperaceae. Sedges. Nagarmotha.
56. Datiscaceae. or Alcalbars.
Datisceae.
'57. Dilleniaceae.
58. Dioscoriaceae. Yams.
59. Dipsaceae, or Teasel.
Dipsacaceae.
'60. Dipteraceae, or Sumatra Garajan.
Dipterocarpeae, camphor.
Dipterocarpaceae.
'61. Droseraceae. Sundew.
'62. Ebenaceae. Ebony.
63. Elaeagnaceae.
: '64. Equisetaceae.
'65. Ericaceae. Heath.
'66. Eirythroxylaceae. Coca.
67. Euphorbiaceae. Spurgewords, Erandi or
or Spruce. Thuvara.
68. Fagaceae. Beech.
69. Ficoidaceae, or
Ficoidae, or
Aizoaceae.
70. Flacourtiaceae. '
71. Florideae.
.72. F r ankeniaceae.
73. Fumeriaceae.
74. Fungi. Mushrooms. Gharekuna or
Phanasa-amba.
75. Gentianaceae. Gentian.
.76. Geraniaceae. Geranium.
77. Gnetaceae.
78. Goodemaceae, or
Goodeniaceae.
79. Graminaceae, or Grasses.
80. Gramineae?
81. Guttiferae. Guttifers, or Kokama, or
Gamboge. Mangostine.
82. Haemodoraceae. /
83. Hamamehdaceae, or
HamameHdeae.
84. Helictereae.
85. Hemandiaceae.
86. Hydrocharitaceae.
97. Hydrophyllaceae.
 INDEX 619

Natural Orders, Genera English Indian

and Family Names. Families. orders.
88. Hypericaceae.
89. Icacinaceae.
90. Ilicineae.
91. Iridaceae, Iris.
92. Irideae.
93. Juglandaceae. Walnut &
Hickory.
94. Juncaceae.
95. Labiatae. Labiates or Tulasi.
Mints.
96. Lauraceae. Laurels. Dalchini or
Taja.
97. Leguminosae, or Pulses or Agathia or
Leguminoseae. Leguminous Babula.
plants.
98. Lentibulariacebe.
99. Lich'enes.
100. ILiiliaceae. Lilyworts, Lily'.Eliyo or
Khanda.
101. Linaceae. Flax.
102. Logoniaceae, or Loganiads, or Niramali, or
Loganiaceae. Logania. Kuchala.
103. Loranthaceae. Mistletoe.
104. Lycopodiaceae.
105. Lythraceae. Loosestrife.
106. Magnoliaceae. Magnolia,
107. Malpighiaceae.
108. Malvaceae. MaUow-worts, Bhinda.
Mallow.
109. Marsiliaceae.
110. Melastomaceae.
111. Meliaceae. Meliads or Nima.
Mahogany.
112. Menispermaceae. Menispermads, Gulavela.
or Moonseeds.
113. Mimosaceae, or Acacias.
Mimoseae, or
Mimosoideae.
(Sub-Family of
Leguminosae).
114. Moringaceae.
115. Myricaceae, or Bayberry.
Myriacaceae.
116. Myristicaceae. Nutmegs. Jaephala.
620 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Natural Oi"ders, Genera English Indian

and Family Names. Families. orders.
117. Myrsinaceae, or Ardisiads. Vavadinga.
Myrsineae.
118. Myrtaceae. Myrtle, or Jambu.
Myrtleblooms.
119. Naiadaceae. •

120. Nyctaginaeeae.
121. Nymphaeaceae. Water-lilies. Poini.
122. Ochnaceae.
123. Oleaceae. Olive.
124. Onagraceae. Evening,
Primrose.
125. Ophioglossaceae.
126. Orchideae, or Orchids, Salamisari.
Orehidaceae.
127. Orobanchaceae.
128. Oxalidaceae. Sorrels.
129. Palmae, or Palmeae, PaJmp. Sopari.
Pahnaceae, or
Phoenicaceae.
130. Pandanaceae.
131. Papaveraceae. Poppy.
132. Papilionaceae.
(Sub-family of
Leguminosae.)
133. Passifloraceae. Passion
Flower.
134. Pedaliaceae (See also Acanthus.
Aeanthaceae.)
135. Phytolaccaceae.
136. Pinaceae. (See also
Coniferae.)
137. Piperaceae. Pepperv/orts; Pana or
Pepper. Pipali. .
138. Pittosporaceae.
139. Plantaginaceae. Ribworts; Isapoghula.
Plantago.
140. Plumbaginaceae.
141. Polygalaceae. Milkworts.
142. Polygonaceae. Buck-wheats. Gul-i-hamaza.
143. Polypodiaceae.
144. Pontederiaceae.
145. Portulacaceae.
146. Primulaceae.
146a. Punicaceae. Pomegranate.
 INDEX 621

Natural Oi*ders, Genera • English Indian

and Family Names. Families. orders.
147. Rentinculaceae. Crowfoot.
148. Rhamnaceae, or Buckithom.
- Rhamneae.
149. Rhizophoraceae. Mangrove.
150. RoSaceae. Roseworts; Gulaba.
Rose.
151. Rubiaceae. Madders. ^jitha.
152. Rutaceae. Rueworts; Narangi.
Rue.
153. Saccharomyces.
154. Salicaceae. Willows &
Poplars.
155. Salvadoraceae.
156. Samydaceae.
157. Santalaceae. Sandalwood.
IM .S^niridanfiafi Sii^Hrtpj:!^.
159. Sapotaceae. Sapotads; Mohava, or
Sapodilla. Sapodilla.
160. Saxifragaceae.
161. Scitaminaceae, or Gingers. ^unta, or
Scitamineae. Halad.
(See:—Zingibereae, or
Zingiberaceae.)
162. Scrophulariaceae, or Figworts. •^ama.
Scrophularineae.
162a,. Simarubaceae, or Ailanthus, •"laharukha.
Simaroubaceae. Quassiads.
163. Solanaceae. Night-Shades, ^huiringani.
&/orPotato.
164. Sterculiaceae. Sterculiads, oi' ^uradasinga.
,Cola.
.165.' Styraceae. Storax.
166. Symplocaceae.
167. Taccaceae.
168. Tamaricaceae.
169. Tamariscineae.
170. Ternst'roemiaceae.
171. Thymelacaceae, or Metzereum,
Thymelaeaceae.
172. Tiliaceae. Linden.
173. Typhaceae.
174. Umbelliferae. Umbellifers, or ,/\.iamoda.
Carrots.
622 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Natural Oi'ders, Genera English Indian

and Family Names. Families. orders.
175. Urticaceae, or Nettle worts; Vada &
Urticeae. Nettle. Pipal.
176. Valerianaceae. "Valerian. '
177. Verbenaceae. Verbenes or Nirgundi.
Varvains,
178. Violaceae. Violets.
179. Vitaceae, (See:— Grapes.
Ampelideae).
180. Xyridaceae.
181. Zygophyllaceae. Caltrop.
INDEX LIST OF INDIAN PLANTS AND DRUGS.
FROM WHICH MOTHER TINCTURES AND EX-
TRACTS ETC.. ARE PREPARJED. ACCORDING TO
THE HOMOEOPATHIC SYSTEM OF MEDICINE.
N. B.:—(1) In the doses column of this Index, "Q" indicates
Mother Tincture.

Doses of dilu-
tions or poten-
cies generally
used.
1. Abroma augusta & Abroma radix.
Preparation: Tender roots and root barks
are chopped and weighed.
Then two jjarts by weight
of alcohol are taken and
after thoroughly mixing the
mass with one-sixth part of
it, the rest of alcohol is add-
ed. After stirring the whole
well, put it into a wide-
mouthed bottle, and let it
stand eight days in a dark
cool place. The tincture is
then separated by decanting,
straining and then filtering.
(Class 3, A.H.P.) Tincture
Q: Ix, 2x, 3x.
is also prepared with two
parts by weight of alcohol to both kinds.
one part of leaves. (Class 3
of A. H. P.)

2. Abrus precatorius.

3. Acacia arabica. Q: Ix, 2x, 3x.

4. Acalypha indica.
Preparation: (1) Fresh plant is macerat-
ed with two parts by weight
of alcohol. (2) Tincture of
fresh herbs made with spirits Q; Ix, 2x, 3x„
of ether, (3 Oz. to 1 pint). 6x.
624 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

' Doses of dilu-

tions or poten-
cies generally
used.
5. Acarus calamus. Q: Ix, 2x, 3x.

6. Achyranthes aspera, Linn.

Preparation: Mother tincture is prepared
from the juice of the leaves
and branches according to
the formula I of A. H. P.
7. Adhatoda vasaka: See:—Justicia a d h a-
toda.

8. Aegle marmelos. (See:—Aegle folia).

Preparation: The half ripe or unripe fruit
is finely chopped and pound-
ed to a fine pulp and weigh-
ed. Then two parts by weight
of alcohol are taken, and
after thoroughly mixing the
pulp with one-sixth pant of
it, the rest of the alcohol is
added. After having stirred
the whole, and having filled
it into a well-stoppered bot-
tle, it is allowed to stand for
eight days in a dark, cool
place. The tincture is then
separated by decanting,
straining and filtering. (Class
3, A. H. P.). It may also be
prepared according to Class
4 of the American Homoeo-
pathic Pharmacopoeia when
the half-ripe dried fruits are
reduced to coarse powder
and weighed. Then five parts
by weight of alcohol are
j ^ u r e d upon it, and having
been put into a well-stopper-
ed bottle, the mixture is
allowed to remain eight days
in a dark, cool place, being
shaken twice a day. The
tincture is then poured off,
 INDEX 625.

Doses of dilu-
tions or poten-
cies generally
used.
strained- and filtered. Q: Ix, 2x, 3x,
Ae.gle jolia: tinctures are also expressed 6, 30 & 200
by adding two parts of alco- potencies of
hoi added to three parts of both varie-
leaves. ties.

9. Ailanthus excelsa: See:—Ailanthus mala- Q: Ix, 2x, 3x.

barica.
10. Alocasia indica. Ix, 2x, 3x.

11. Aloe vera. Q: Ix, 2x, 3x.

12. Amoora rohitaka. See:—Andersonia rohi-

taka.
13. Andersonia rohitaka. See:—^Amoora rohi- Q: Ix, 2x, 3x,
taka. 6x; 30th po-
•Preparation: The tincture is prepared tencies.
from the bark.

14. Andrographis paniculata. Q: Ix, 2x, 3x,

Preparation: Fresh plant is macerated 6x, 30th &
with two parts by weight of 200th poten-
alcohol. cies.

15. Argemone maxicana. Q: 3x, 6x.

16. Arjuna terminalia.

17. Arjuna tomentosa.

18. Asoka jonosia. See:—Saraka indica; Jono- Q: of f r e s h

sia asoka. plants.

19. Asparagus darmentises. Q' Ix, 2x.

20. Atista indica. See:—Glycosmis penta-

phylla.
Preparation: Juice of fresh leaves mixed Q: Ix, 2x, 3x, &
with equal parts of alcohol. 6 potencies.
&
40
626 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Doses of dilu-
tions or poten-
cies generally
used.
21. Atista radix.
Preparation: Tinctures prepared with two
parts by weight of ailcohol Ix, 3x, 12 & 30
to one part barks of freshly potencies.
collected roots.

22. Avena sativa.

Preparation; Fresh green plant gathered
in August, is pounded to a
pulp and macerated with
two parts by weight of
alcohol.
23. Azadirachta indica. See:—Melia azadi-

rachta.
Preparation: Tincture prepared with one Q: Ix, 2x, 3x, 6,
, part powdered bark and five 30 & 20O
pants by weight of alcohol. potencies.

24. Blatta orientalis.

Preparation: The live cockroach is crush-
ed and triturated as under
Clafes IX of American ~Hp-
moepathic Pharmacopoeia;
a tincture can be prepared
as under- Class IV of the
, same Pharmacopoeia.

25. Bliunea odorata. Q: Ix, 2x, 3x.

26. Bocrhavia diffusa.
Preparation: For tincture preparation, the
white variety only should be
used. Q.

27. Boerhavia repens.

Preparation: There are two kinds of
punamava, one with white
and the other with red
flowers. The former is used
in medicine. The whole herb
 INDEX 627

Doses of dilu-
tions or poten-
cies generally
used.
and root are taken. Tinc-
tures expressed by the two
parts, of alcohol added to
three parts of the substances.
(Class 2 A. H. P.).
Q: Ix.
28. Caesalpinia bonducella. See:—Q u i n i a
indica.
Preparation: Tincture is prepared with
one part powdered seeds and Q: & Ix. 5 to
five parts by weight of 20 drop doses
alcohol. (Class4, A. H. P.). twice or
thrice daily.
29. Cajanus indicus.

30. Calotropis alb.

30a. Cannabis indica, & Cannabis sativa. Q: Ix, 3x.

30.(b) Calotropis gigantea,

30.(c) Calotropis lactum. (Ghee of Calotropis

gigantea).
Preparation: For preparation the root-
bark should be selected from,
plants as old as possible in,
the hot ordinary weather
and the bark should not be
removed as soon as the root
is dug out, but 24 hours
afterwards, the thick, rough,
corky epidermis of the bark
should be scraped off be-
fore the root bark is reduced
to powder. The recently-
dried bark, coarsely pulva-
rised, is triturated as direct-
^ ed under Class VII A. H. P.,
or in preparing the tinc-
ture the root is finely Q. tincture 1 to
powdered and covered with '5 drops per
five parts by weight of alco- dose, three
hol as directed under Class times a day.
628 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Doses of dilu-
tions or pioten-
cies generally
used.
V, A. H. P. Ix, 3x, 6x.

31. Carica papaya. Q: Ix, 2x, 3x.

(Trit.)
.32. Carum carui. Q. of fresh
plant.
33. Carum copticum. See:—Ptychotis ajovvan. Q, Ix, 2x, 3x.

34. Cassia angiistifolia. See:—Cassia sophera. Q. Ix, 2x, 3x.

35. Cassia sophera. See:—Cassia angustifolia. Q» Ix, 2x, 3x.

36. Cephalandra indica.

Preparation: The entire fresh plant in-
cluding roots, leaves, fruits,
and barks are chopped and
pounded to a pulp; is enclos-
ed in a piece of new linen
and subjected to pressure.
The expressed juice is then,
by brisk agitation mingled
with an equal part by weight
of alcohol. The mixture is
allowed to stand eight days
in a well-stoppered bojttle, in
a dark cool place, and is Q, Ix, 2x, 3x.
then filtered.

37. Chaulttioogra odorata. See:— Dose of the oil

Gynocardia odorata; is from 5 to 6
Hydnocarpus wightiana; drops, gradual-
Taraktogenos kurzii; & ly increased to
Hydnocarpus hetrophilleas. bine"d with 30
drops of cod
Preparation: The powdered seeds one liver oil or pre-
part with five parts by given after
weight of alcohol. If a meals in em.ul-
potency from oil is neces- sion with gum
sary, then take one drop of a c a c i a and
chaulmoogra oil and nine syrups or in
grains of sugar of milk (ix) milk or com-
which should be triturated ferably in cap-
 INDEX 629

Doses of dilu-
tions or poten-
cies generally
used.
according to Class VIII of 30 mimims,
the A. H. P . sules.

38. Clerodendron inerme, or- Clerodendron Q.

nerifolimn.

39. Clerodendron infortunatum.

Preparation: Tincture is prepared from Q; Ix, 2x, 3x, 6
the juice of fresh leaves & 30 poten-
mixed with equal .parts of cies.
alcohol by weight.

40. Cocculus cordifolius, & Cocculus indica. Mostly Q.

41. Coleus aromattcus. See:^Bryophyllum C. Q in 10 to 30

Preparation: The juice of the leaves is drop doses,
mixed with equal parts of Ix, & ex-
alcohol by weight. tract.

' 42. Cynodon dactylon. Q; Ix, 2x, 3x.

Preparation: Fresh juice of the entire
grass (herb) and root stock
is mixed with equal parts of
alcohol by weight.

43. Datura fastuosa.

44. Desmodium gangeticum. Q; Ix, 2x, 3x,
6x, 30 poten-
cies.
45. Embelia ribes.
Preparation: One part of the dried fruits Ql Ix, of fresh
(pulverised) with five parts plant,
by weight of alcohol.
46. Enthydra fluctuans.

47. Eugenia jambolana. See:—Syzygium jam-

bolanum.

48. Eupatorium ayapana. See:—Eupatorium Q; Ix, 2x, 3x.

nerifolia.
 630 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
0

Doses of dilu-
tions or poten-
cies generally
used.
49. Feronia elephantum. Q; of fresh
fruit;
50. Ficus bengalensis; or Ficus indica. Q; Ix, 2x, 3x;
6 potencies.
51. Ficus religiosa.
Preparation; Tincture is prepared from Q; Ix, 2x, 3x, 6
juice of fresh leaves mixed & 30 poten-
with equal parts of alcohol. cies.
(Class I, A. H. P.).

52. Ficus venosa.

53. Gentiana chirata, & Gentiana kurroo;

See:—Swertia chirata; Andrographis pa-
niculata.

54. Glycosmis pentaphylla; or Atista indica or

Atista radix.
Preparation: Juice of fresh leaves is Q; Ix, 3x, 6
mixed with equal parts of potencies,
alcohol.

54. Glycyrrhiza glabra. Q; of fresh

plant.
55. Gossypium herbaceum. Q; Ix, 2x, 3x.

56. Gymnema sylvestre. Q; ix, 2x, 3x.

57. Gynocardia odorata, See:—^Hydnocarpus

wightiana, or Hydnocarpus hetrophilleas,
or Taraktogenos kurzii; See:—Ckaul-
moogra odorata.

58. Hemidesmus indicus.

Preparattou: Tincture prepared with two Q; Ix, 2x, 3x.
parts by weight of alcohol 6 & 30 poten-
to one part of freshly collect- cies.
ed roots.
59. Holarrhena antidysentirica; See:—Wrigh-
 INDEX 631

Doses of dilu-
tions or poten-
cies generally
used,
tia tinctoria.
Preparation: Tincttire prepared with one Q; Ix, 2x, 3x,
part powdered bark and five & 6 poten-
parts by weight of alcohol. cies.
(Class IV, A. H. P.).

60. Hydnocarpus series, & Taraktogenos kur-

zii; Hydnocarpus inebrians; Hydnocarpus
wightiana; Hydnocarpus hetrophilleas.
See:—Gynocardia odorata; Chaulmoogra
odorata. - •

61. Hydrocotyle asiatica.

Preparation: The whole plant including Q; ix, 2x, 3x,
leaves, fruits and roots are gx; 30; 200;
finely chopped and weighed. 1000.
To every three parts, two
parts by weight of alcohol
are taken, the whole is mix-
ed together and strained
through a piece of new linen.
The tincture thus obtained
is allowed to stand eight days
in a well stoppered bottle in
a cool place and then filtered.
62. Hydrocotyle indica.

63. Hygrophila spinosa.

Preparation: The entire fresh plant with Q; Ix, 2x, 3x,
its roots is macerated with 6x, 30.
two parts by weight of alco-
hol.

64. Jonosia asoka; See:—Saraca indica.

Preparation: The mother tincture should Q; Ix, 3x.
be prepared from the dried
bark according to Class IV
of American Homoeopathic
Pharmacopoeia.
65. Justicia adhatoda; See:—Adhatoda vasaka.
 632 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Doses of dilu-
tions or poten-
cies generally
used.
Preparation: Fresh leaves are macerated Q; Ix, 2x, 3x.
with two parts by weight of
alcohol.

66. Justicia rubrum.

Preparation: As Justicia adhatoda. Dilu- Q; Ix, 2x, 3x.
tions and potencies used like
' Justicia adhatoda.

fi7. Lathyrus sativus. Q; Ix.

%: 68. Leucus aspera.

Preparation: Juice of the entire plant in-
MEDICA—67

eluding flowers, roots, and Q; Ix, 3x. Ex-"

leaves is mixed with equal tract,
parts of alcohol. (Class I,
A. H. P.).

69. Leucus cephalotes.

70. LufJa acutangula. Q; Ix, 2x, 3x.

71. Luffa amara.

Preparation: The tincture is prepared Ix, 3x, 6.
according to Formula I of
A. H. P. • ^

72. Luffa bindal.

Preparation: In the preparation of the Ix, 3x, & 6x.
tincture. Formulae I of
A. H. P., is adopted.

73. Makaradhwaja.
Preparation: One part by weight of the Trit, Ix. 2x 3xj
Makaradhwaja to nine parts 6 & 30.
by weight of sugar of milk
gives the ix trituration. All
following triturations are
prepared with one grain of
the preceding trituration to
 INDEX 633

Doses of dilu-
tions or poten-
cies generally
used.
nine grains of sugar of milk.

74. Melia azadirachta, or Azadirachta iridica.

Preparation: The fresh bark is pounded 6, 30, & 200
to a pulp and macerated into potencies.
\ two parts by weight of alco-
hol.

75. Menispemum. (Ben:—^Raktha-Kathalia).

Preparation: Formula No. 1 of the A. H. P. Q; Ix, 2x, 3x,
is adopted. 6x.

76. Mica.

77. Momordica charantia.

Preparation: The leaves of the fresh plant
are chopped and pounded to
a pulp and pressed out in a
piece of new linen. The ex-
pressed juice is then, by
brisk agitation, mingled with
an equal part by weight of
alcohol. This mixture is
allowed to stand eight days
in a well-stoppered bottle,
in a dark; cool place, and
then filtered.

78. Nerium psidium.

79. Nyctanthes arbortristis.

Preparation: Tincture prepared with two Q; ix, 2x, 3x.
parts of alcohol added to
three parts of fresh leaves,
which should be finely chop-
ped and weighed.

80. Ocimum caryophyllatum. Ix, 3x, 6x.

80a. Ocimum gratissimimi.

Mode of preparation: As Ocimum sanctum. Ix, 3x, 30.
'634 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Doses of dilu-
tions or poten-
cies generally
used.
81. Ocimum influenzinum.

82. Ocimum sanctum. Ocimum radix (root).

Preparation: Tincture expressed by the Q; Ix, 2x, 3x.
aid of two parts of alcohol
added to three parts of
blooming plant. (Class II,
A. H. P.).

83. Oldenlandia corymbosa, or Oldenlandia

herbacea.
Preparation: Fresh plant is macerated Q; Ix, 2x, 3x,
with two parts by weight of 6x, 30.
alcohol.

84. Pausinystalia yohimba. Q . JX 2X 3X.

85. Piper betle. Q; of fresh

plant.
86. Plumbago rosea. Q ; ix, 2x, 3x.
87. Psoralea corylifolia.
Preparation: Pulverised seeds, one part
and five parts of alcohol, (by
weight).

88. Ptychotis ajowan. See:—Carum capticum.

89. Quinia indica, & Quinia folia. Q . ^X 2X 3X.

See:—Caesalpinia bonducella.

90. Rauwolfia serpentina.

Preparation: Tinctures prepared with two Q; i x 2x, 3x.
parts by weight of alcohol to
one part of freshly collected
roots. (Class 3, A. H. P.).

91. Saraca indica, or Jonosia asoka.

Preparation: The mother-tincture is pre- Q; Ix, 3x.
pared from the dried bark
according to Class IV of
 INDEX 635

Doses of dilu-
tions or poten-
cies generally
used.
A. H. P.

92. Saussurea lappa.

Preparation: One part powdered roots Q.
with five parts by weight of
alcohol. •

93. Sesbanla aculeata. Q; Ix, & Ex-

tract.
94. Solanum jacqiiinii, or Solanurri xanthocar-
pum.

95. Solaniun xanthocarpum. See:—Solanum

jacquinii.
Preparation; The fresh plant including Q; Ix, 3x.
root is macerated with two
parts by weight of alcohol.

96. Swertia chdrata. See:—Gentiana chirata;

Gentiana kurroo; Andrographis panicu-
lata.
Preparation: Tinctures expressed by the Q; Ix, 2x, 3x.
two parts of alcohol added to
three parts of the entire
plant.
97. Syzygium jambolanum, or Eugenia jam-
bolana.
Preparation; Tincture is prepared from Q; Ix, 2x, 3x.
dried seeds according to For-
mula IV of the A. H. P.

98. Taraktogenos kurzii, See:—Gynocardia

odorata; Hydnocarpus wightiana; or Hyd-
nocarpus hetrophilleas; Chaiilmoogra odo-
ra:ta.

99. Terminalia arjuna.

Preparation: One part of the dried bark Q; Ix, 3x.
(pulverised) with five parts
by weight of alcohol. (Glass
IV of A. H. P.).
 636 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Doses of dilu-
tions or poten-
cies generally
used.

100. Terminalia chebula.

Preparation: Tincture is prepared from Ix, 3x, 6x, 30
the outer covering of tjie potencies.
fruits and seeds according to
Class IV of the A. H. P.

101. Tinospora cordifolia.

Preparation: Tincture is prepared with Q; Ix, 3x, 6x.
one part plant and five parts
by weight of alcohol. (Class
IV of A. H. P.).

102. Tribulus terrestris.

Preparation: Tincture prepared with one 10 to 20 drops
part powdered root and of the tincture
fruits and five parts by 3 times daily,
weight of alcohol.

103. Trichosanthes dioica.

Preparation: One part of the roots is Q; Ix, 2x, 3x,
macerated in two parts by 6x, 30.
weight of alcohol, according
to Class III of the A. H. P.

104. Vemonia anthelmintica.

Preparation: One part powdered seeds Q. 3x.
with five parts by weight of
alcohol.
105. Vitex negundo.

106. Withania somnifera.

Preparation: Pulverise dried roots of
Aswagandha; mix it with
alcohol in the preparation
(by weight) of one to five,
and place the mixture in a
dry, cool place for seven
days. Shake it well every
morning and evening. The
tincture is then poured off,
strained and filtered. It is
 INDEX 637

Doses of dilu-
tions or poten-
cies generally
used.
better to wrap the battle
containing the mixture with
a black broad cloth.

107. Wrightia tinctoria. See:—Holarrhena anti-

dysenterica.
Preparation: The tincture is prepared Q; Ix, 3x, 6x.
with one pant of powdered
bark with five parts by
weight of alcohol. Class IV,
A. H. P .

Publications referred.

1. Drugs of Hindoosthan (2nd Edn.) by Dr. S. C. Ghose.

2. Drugs of India, (4th Edn. 1940) by Dr. D. Chatterjee.
3. Use of Indian Tincture, (1st Edn.) pub. by Homoeo-
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Works, Ltd., Calcutta.
 INDEX OF PREPARATIONS, COMBINATIONS,
SUBSTANCES AND ALLIED PRODUCTS OF ALL
KINDS APPEARING IN "THE INDIAN MATERIA
MEDICA":—
N. B.:—(1) Letters M and A preceding the numbers in
this Index stand for Mineral & Animal Kingdoms' pages- res-
pectively, and plain numbers indicate the Vegetable Kingdom
pages.
(2) A few substances etc., indexed hereunder may be
found indexed in the General Index of Synonyms, Alkaloids,
'v Glucosides, etc., and vice versa, to facilitate cross reference.
(2) Though a very vast number oj Indigenous & Foreign
modes of Preparations etc. are extant. Readers will find
samples of the jollowing types and -modes oj Preparations etc.,
in this book:—

1. Abhrakams. 24. Churnas; Churnams;

2. Abhras. (Powders).
3. Amritas. 25. Chutneys or Chatnies.
4. Anjanas or Anjans. (Sur- 26. CoUyriums.
mas; CoUyriums). 27. Compounds.
5. Aquae (Waters). 28. Confections (Majoons).
6. Araks. 29. Conserves.
7. Aristas & Arishtas. 30. "Daru" (see:—Liquers
8. Asavas. etc.).
9. Ashes (Bhasmas). 31. Decoctions.
10. Ashtakas. 32. Depilatories.
11. Attars. 33. Douches.
12. Avalehas, see:—Leha's. 34. Dravakams.
13. Baths. 35. EUxirs.
14. Beers. 36. Embrocations.
15. Bhairabs. 37'. Esters.
16. Bhasmas (Ashes). 38. Extracts.
17. Biscuits. 39. Fishes.
18. BUsters. 40. Foods.
19. Breads. 41. Fumigations.
20. Cakes. 42. Ghees, see:—Ghritams;
21. Cataplasms. Ghritas.
22. Chatnies or Chutneys. 43. Ghritas; G h r i tarns;
23. Chintamanies. Ghees.
 INDEX 639!

44. Gins.' 85. Matras. (see:—Ashes;,

45. Guggulas. Bhasmas).
46. Gutikas. 86. Milks.
47. Halvas or Halwas, 87. Modakas.
48. Halwas or Halvas. 88. Oils. (Tailas; Thailams),
49. Injections. 89. Ointments. (Unguen-
50. Inunctions. tums).
51. Iodides, 90. Oleums (Oils),
52. Isinglasses. 91., Pachanas.
53. Jams. 92. Paks or Pakas..
54. Jellies, see:—^Preserves. 93. Panakams.
55. Juleps. 94. Panchakas.
56. Kadas. 95. Paneeyas or Paniyas.
57. Kalkas. 96. Parpatis.
58. Kalpams. 97. Pastes.
59. Kandas. 98. Pastilles.
60. Kapithas., 99. Pauks.
61. Kashayams; Kashayas; 100.' Paustiks (see:—Poush-
(Decoctions). ticks).
62. Kaya-Kalpas. 101. Payasams. (see:—^Paya-
63. Ketus. sas; .Klheers).
64. Khandas. 102. Pessaries.
65. Ksharams. 103. Pills.
66. Kshirs (Milks). 104. Pindas.
67. Kvaths or Kvathas, 105. Plasters.
68. Ladus. 106. Poultices.
69. Lauhams. 107. Poushticks. (see:—Paus-
70. Lauhas. tiks).
71. Lavanams; L a v a n a s 108. Powders. (Churnas).
(Salts). 109. Preserves, (see:—J e 1-
72. Lehyams; (see:—Avale- lies).
has) Lehas. 110. Puddings.
73. Lepas. 111. Quaths.
74. Linctus. 112. Rasas.
75. Liniments. 113. Rasayanams or Ra.saya-
76. Liquers; Liquors. nas.
77. Liquors; Liquers. 114. Satwams.
78. Lohas. 115. Sherbats.
79. Lotions. 116. Sinduras.
80. Majooms. See:—M a n - 117. Snuffs. •
joons. 118. Solutions.
81. Manduras.
82. Marmalades. 119. Soups.
83. "Majoons". See:—Ma- 120. Spirits. (Brandies).
joom. (Confections). 121. Sprays.
84. Manges. 122. Squashes.
 640 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

123. Surmas. (Anjans; Colly 18. Agnikumara Rasa,

riums). M/40; M/123; M/127.
124. Swarasams. 19. Agnimukha churna, 1111.
125, Syrups. 20. Agnimukha Lauha, M/59.
126. Tablets. 21. Agnithundi Vati, M/79.
127. Tailas; Thailams; Tai- 22. Ajmodadi churna, 137.
lams; (Oils); Tela. 23. Ajwan-Ka-arak. 1029.
128. Tinctures. (See:—Omum water;
129. ' Unguentums. ( 0 i n t- Camphor-julep.), 920.
ments). 24. Akaradi Churna, 921.
130. Vartis. 25. Akarakarabhadi Churna,
131. Vaticas or Vatikas. 98
132. Vaties. 26. Alakta, A/150.
133. Vitriols. 27. A l b u m i n , See:—Ovi
134. Waters. (Aquae). Albumen, A/162.
% 135. Wheys. 28. Albumin: Acid; Alkali;
136. Wines. Muscle; Serum; Ovum;
137. Yogas. Vegetable; Normal.
29. Alcoholic extract, 1111;
1. Abhayalavana, 1193. 1232.
2. Abhra bhasma, M/125; 30. Albumin, (While of egg),
M/129. A/164.
3. Abhrak-bhasma, M/29. 31. Alepol, 606.
4. Abhraka kalka, M/126. 32. Alkah-albumin, A/162.
(See:— Abhra Kalka.) 33. Alkali-Potassium Carbo-
5. Abhra Kalka. M/125. nasimpura, M/109.
(See:—Abraka-Kalka). 34. AUae-pauk, (See:—Gin-
6. Abhrakam, Sataputa, 359' ger-jam, or Ginger-
& M/129. conserve), 1310.
7. Abir, 419; 608. 35. AUenbury's Infant Foods,
8. Acetum, 1257. Nos, 1, 2 & 3. A/176.
9. Acid albumm, A/162. 36. AUenbury's Torch-Brand
id. Acid saccharine-juice, Rennet Tablets.
1035. A/179.
11. Adepis, oleum, See:— 37. "AUioeaps," 66.
Lard oil. 38. Almond meal. Sweet,
12. Adityapaka guggula, 169. See:—Sweet almond
meal, 1013.
13. Adityapaka, taila, M/121. 39. Alui, 102.
14. Adrenaline, 912. 40. Alum lotion, M/5.
15. Aeraited bread, 1248. 41. Alum snuff, M / 5 ; 1213.
16. Agar-Agar, or Japanese 42. Alum spray. (See:—
or Chinese isinglass. Spray: Alum. M/5.
A/135. 43. Alum sterilized lotion,
17. Aghore Nrisingha Rasa, M/5.
A/227. (See: Sterilized alum lo-
 INDEX . 641-

.tion. or lotion, sterilized 72. Aqua coriaridari, 382.

alum). 73. Aqtia Foeniculi, See:—
44., ^, Alum whey, (See:,-^ Fennel water. 558.
Lime whey) M/4i 74. Arak Badian, or Anise
45.. Amalakadya . L a u h a , water, 956.
M/60. 75. Ardhanariswar Rasa,
46. Ambose or Amchur, A/227.
768. 76. Argha, A/193.
47. "Ambpshi", 767. 77. Arjunabhra, M/127.
48. Amchur, - (See:—Am- 78. Arkadi thaiJam, 745.
bose) 766, 768. 79. Arka-kshir, W 1 3 0 ,
49. American isinglass, 80. Aromatic pastilles, See:"--
(See:—Isinglass), A/135. pastilles, aromatic-
50. Amlica pana, 1192. A/234.
51. "Am-poh" or "Sathe", 81, A r r a c k , See:—-Proof
. .767. Spirit, 1301.
52. Amrita Bhallataka Leh- 82. Arsari Lauha, M/59.
yam, 1122. 83. Arsenic, See:—Oil of Ar-
53. Amrita Bhallataki, 1122. senic, etc.
54. Amrita guggula, 17.0. 84. Artificial bezoar, A/145.
55. Amrita Kalpa Rasa, 85. Ash, white. See:—Svetha
M/105. bhasma, M/70.
56. Amritashtakapachana, 81. 86. Ashes (Mineral) or
57. Amrita Vati, M/40. Bhasmas, A/187.
58. Amritikaran, M/130. 87. Ashta Churnam, 968.
59. Amsul, 568. 88. Ashtadasanga pachana,
60. Ananda Bhairava Rasa, 613.
24; M/76. 89. .Ashvagandha ghriita,
61. Ananda Bhairavi pills, 1293.
575. 90. Asoka ghrita, 1105.
62. Anar Syrup, See:— 91. Assam musk, See:—
Syrupanar, 1033.^ Kamrup musk, A/197.
63. Angarika Taila, A/150. 92. Ass's milk, A/175; A/181;
64. Animal gelatin, A/136. A/185.
65. Anise water. See:— 93. Astakatvara Taila, 968.
"Arak-Badian". 956. 94. Aswagandha kashayam,
66. Anjan, 15; 1313; M/13. 1293.
(See:—Collyrium). 95. Atropine, dissolved in
67. Anjana, Sauvir, See:— saline, 912.
Sauvir anjana. 96. Attar, 1071; 1072; 1089.
68. Antivenin, Calmette's 97. Attar of Roses or Otto,
A/222, See:—Rose oil, 1072.
69. Apamarga Taila, 22. 98. Audalaka, A/193,
70. Apiol, 934. 1. Bael—marmalade, 47.
71. Apomorphine hydrochlo- 2. Bael—sherbet, 48.
ride, 913. 3. Bael—water, 47.
41
642 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

4. Bajeh, 372. 35. Bivala shells {Shukti

5. Baker's bread, 1248. bhasma), M/40.
6. Balachatur bhadraka, 27. 36. Black Currant Jelly,
7. Balataila, 1136. 1064.
8. "Balsam of sulphur", 37. Black Oxide of Silver,
(See:—Solution of Sul- See:—^Tara bhasma,
phur), M/122. M/18.
'9. Banana dessert, Banana 38. Black Sulphide, M/82.
in syrup, Banana toast. 39. Black sulphide of Mer-
Bananas dried, Bananas cury, (See:—^Krishna
baked, 825. bhasma), M/IO.
10. Bang-i-rasa, See:—Com- 40. Black Surma, or Sauvir
pound kharpara powder anjana, M/87 & M/83.
or Jvararasa, M/132. 41. Blanc-mange, See:—Oat-
11. Barilla, (See: 'Kelp'), meal Blanc-mange, 163.
M/102. 42 "Blue Vitriol", M/52.
12. Bark-Powder, 1187, 1194. 43 Boiled Milk, A/182.
13. Barley pudding, 654. 44 Borax, crude, M/103.
14. Basantakumara Rasa, 45 Boro-glycerine, M/107.
M/118. 46. Brahmi Ghrita, (or Medi-
15. "Basil-camphor", 862. cated Ghee), 625; 664.
16. Batarkshir, M/130. 47. Brahmi Ghritham, - 664;
17. Bathing oil, 1279. 625.
18. Belladonna, 912. 48 Brahmi Rasayanam, 664.
19. Ben or Beni or Moringa 49. Brahmi "swarasam," —
oil, 811. "Swarasam" of Brahmi,
20. Benzoated lard, A/137. 664.
21. Benzoates, 1183; M/24. 50 Bran biscuits, 1250.
22. Beta-naphthol, M/75. 51 Bran bread, 1250.
23. Betel oil, 961. 52 Bran cakes, 1250.
24. Bezoar, Artificial, A/145. 53 Brandy "Cognac", See:—
25. Bhang, or Siddhi, Subji, Movara Spirit, 1289; A /
or Patti, 259; 262; 263; 163.
260; 261. 54. Bran poultice, 1250."
26. Bhaskara Lavanam, 968. 55 Bread, 1248; 1249; Wheat
27. Bhasma (ash), A/170; or wheaten; fermented
A/187. Aerated; Baker's; White
28. Bhoonimbadi Churnam, Brown; Stale; Toasted
575. Leavened; Unleavened
29. Bhringaraja Taila, 471. Whole-meal; Bran.
30. Bhramara, A/192. 56 Bread poultice, 1249.
31. Bilva Panchaka, 49. 57. Brihat Chandramrita
32. Bilva Rasayanam, 49. Rasa, M/127.
33. Bindaal, 754. 58. Brihat Gangadhar
34. Bismuth Iodide Com- Chuma, or Vridha Gan-
pound, 649. gadhar Chuma, 647.
 INDEX 643

59. Brihat Kanchanabhra, 13. Calcined zinc, or Calcin-

M/38, M/128. ed tin, (See:—Naga
60. Brihat Kaphaketu, M/38. Bhasma), M/82).
61. Brihat Kasturi Bhairab, 14. Calmette's antivenin,
M/18; M/38. A/222.
62. Brihat Suchikabharana 15. Calomel, (Rasakapura),
Rasa, A/226. or (Rasa Karpura), M/81
63. Brihat Suran Modaka, 95.' 16. Camel's milk, A/181;
64. Brihat Swasa Chinta- A/185.
mani, M / i 2 1 . 17. Camel's urine, A/233.
65. Brishta tandula, (Muri) 18. Camomile oil, 772.
887. 19. Camomile tea, 772.
66. Bromide, 912. 20. Camphorated opium, lini-
67. Bromose, 125, ment, 920.
68. Brown bread, 1248. 21. Camphor julep, or Aj-
69. Buffalo's milk, A/175; wan-Ka-Arak or Omum
A/181. water, 920; 1029.
70'. Burnt fish, A/216. 22. Camphor liniments. Sim-
71. Butter, A/176; A/182; ple & Compound, Cam-
A/185; A/186. phor, spirits of, 253.
72. Butter milk, A/172; 23. Camphor mixture, 252.
A/176; A/178; A/179; 24. Camphor of mercury,
A/182; A/186; A/188. etc., M/70. .
73. Butter of Arsenic, M/18. 25. Camphor, spirits of, 253.
See:—Oil of Arsenic, 26. Cantharides, or Cantha-
M/19. ridin, A/207.
27. Cantharides bhster, 912.
28. "Cantharidin" or Can-
1. Cacao-butter, 1217. tharides, A/207.
2. Cacao-butter, Dutch, 29. Carbonate (white lead
1214. ore), M/83.
3. Cacao-extracts, 1215. 30. Carbonate of Lime,
4. "Caffeine", 249; A/183. M/41.
5. Calf's feet jelly, A/136. 31. Carbonate of Lime-ash,
6. Cajuput oil, 775. M/46.
7. Calamine, M/132. ' 32. Carbonate of Potash,
Calamine native, M/131. M/89.
See:—Native calamine. 33. Carmine (brilliant red
9. Calcareous spar, M/41. powder) A/156.
10. Calcined cowries (Kap- 34. Carmiric Acid, A/i56.
ardaka bhasma), M/40. 35. "Carron oil," ( S e e : ~
11. Calcined iron, (Loha lime liniment), 746;
Bhasma), M/60; M/126. M/44.
12. Calcined tin, or Calcined 36. Casein ammonium com-
zinc, See:—Naga Bhasma pound, See:—Eucasein,
M/82. A/178.
6441 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

3.7. "Cassareep", 707. 67. "Chaulmoogri*', 660.

38.' "Cassava Cakes," 707. 68. Chaulmugra ointment,
39. Cassava meal, 707. See:—UngUentum gyno-
40. Castor cake, 1070. cardiac, 603/604.
41. Castor oil cake, 1070. 69.' Cheese, A/176; A/178.
42. Cataplasm,, 1031. 70. Chanopodii oleum, See:—
43.' Ceridin, 1299. Oleum chanopodii.
44'. Ceromel, or Kokum, but- 71. Chhagaladi ghrita, A/142.
ter, M/6. 72. Chhatra, A/192.
45. Chagaladi, or Chagala- 73. Chhipa bhasma; Chhip-
dya ghrita, A/142. powder, (purified), A/
46. Chagaladya ghrita or 145.
Chagaladi ghrita, A/142. 74 Chhip powder, purified,
47. Chakramardha, 292. (Chhipa bhasma), A/145.
48. Chalk powder, 912. 75. Chinese isinglass, or
49. Chalk, prepared, etc., Japanese isinglass or
M/41. Agar-Agar, A/135.
50. Chandanadi thailarri, 886; 76 Chini or Safed Sukkar,
.A/150. 1084.
51. Chandanadya Lauha, 77. Chintamarii C h a t u r-
. . M/59. mukha, M/79.
52. Chandesvara Rasa,- M/17 78. Chippa Bhasma, See:—
& 20. Chhipa bhasma, or Chhip
53. Chandraprabha gutika, powder purified, A/145.
'.-693. . 79. Chitra Kathi, 992.
54. Chandraprabha Varti, 80. "Chloral", 912.
. M/20. 81. Chocolate-pwoder, See:—
55:, Chandrodya makarad- Van-Houten's Cocoa-
waja, M/38. 1216.
,56. Chandrodaya Rasa, M/81. 82. Chodi kanji, See:—Ragi
57. Changeri Ghrita, 891. kanji, 478.
58. . Charas, or Churras, or 83. C h o 1 e s t r i n, purified,
Nasha, 259; 262; 263. A/a37.
59. "Char-bughra" See:— 84. Chondrin, A/136.
"Post", & "Kuknar". 85. Churras Or Charas, 262;
60. Charcoal poultice,, 1249; 259.
'M/47. 86. Chutney or Chatni, 382;
, 61. "Chatni" or Chutney, 746; 767; 1014.
382; 746; 767. 87. Chyavanaprasa, 484.
62. Chatuh§ama Vati, ,837. 88. Cinnabar, (See:—Red
63. Chaturmukha Rasa, M / sulphide of mercury)
.. 79; W 1 2 2 . M/68.
64. Chaturthakari, M/53. 89. Cinnamomum, o l e u m ,
.65.. Chaturu.shana .Churna, See:—Oleum cinnamo-
... 966. mum.
66. Chaulmogra oil, 600; 603. 90. Cigarettes, M/18.
 '.INDEX ' 645

91,-.Citrated Milk; A/177. 115. Conch Shell Ash, 'or

92. Clarified butter or Ghee Shanka bhasma, or Sili-
(100 years old) A/18.7. ;cate of magnesia, M/40,
93. Cdbaltite, M/66. A/165.
,94.;. Cocaine, 512. , 116. Concrete oil, i833; 834.
95. Cochin ginger, 1314. 117. Condensed milk, A/175;
96. Cocoa-tea, 1217. A/176.
97. Cocoon-ash, A/145. 118. Confection, 1190; ,M/15;,
98. Coffee, wheat,, See:— A/209.
Wheat coffee, 1249. 119. Confection "Majoori",
99. "Cognac" brandy. See:— M/61. ,
"Brandy" cognac) 1289. 120. Confection of Sguash,'6r
lOa., Collodion, 590. of White gourd;' See:.-;-
101. C'ollyrium, See:—Anjan, Kharida kooshmanda,
1013; 1213; 15; 13l3; 186.
M/13, M/54; M/83. 121. Conjee, wheat flour.
102. Cornpound confection, See:—Wheat flour conjee
1124. 1249.
103. Compound decoction, 122. "Copperas", M/64,
954; 1030; 1034; 1046; 123. Copper Bhasma, or
1127; 1150; 1151; Tamra Bhasma, M/49;,
1187; 1232; 1294; A/233. M/51.
104. Compound ghrita, 891. 124. Copper ointment. See:—
105. Compound Kharpara Oinitment of Copper.
powder, or Jvararasa or 125. Copper salts, M/50.
Bank-i-rasa, M/132. 126. Copper sulphate, 913.
106. Compound medicated oil 127. Copper sulpho-cafbolate,
951.
lOT. Comjpoimd oil, 1124; jvr/50.
1129; 1279. 128. Copper prepared, M/50;
108. Compound pill, 992; M/51. - •
1033; A/159; ^ A/165; 129. Copper pyrite, M/66.
A/209. 130. Copper, unprepared.
109. Compound powder, 819 M/51.
966; 967; 971; 1029 131. Coral Ash, (See:—Pra-
1227; 1237; M/79; M/96 vala bhasma), A/157. "
M/109; M/117; M/132 132. Corn flour, See:—Maize
A/165; A/166; A/210." starch, 1306.
133. Corn-silk, 1307.
110. Compound preparation,
A/209. 134. Cough powder, 967.
111. Compound spirit, 813. 135. Cow and Gate's Lacidac,
112. Compound syrup, 674. A/177.
113. Compound tincture, 1183 136. Cow & Gate's Peptalac,
114. Compound' tincture of See:—Peptonised or Pre-
Camphor, or Paregoric •digested milk, A/177;
Elixir, 252, 253. A/188; A/178.
€46 THE IiroiAN MATERIA MEDICA

137. Cow & Gate's Prolac, 11. Dashmul Asava, 1157.

A/177. 12. "Date-Coffee", 945.
138. Cow & Gate's Standard 13. Dava-ul-mulk, A/209.
Milk Food, & Halfcream 14. Depilatory, M/22; B/40.
Milk Food, A/176. 15. Desiccated alum, M/4.
139. Cowri Bhasma, (Shell 16. (Desiccated milk, (See:—
ash), A/159. Powdered milk) or Lac-
140. Cow's butter, A/185. togen, A/176.
141 Cow's ghee, A/182. 17. Devakusumadi Rasa, 837.
142. Cow's milk. A/172; 18. Dhananidala, 382.
A/180. 19. Dhani, 530.
143. Cow's milk, "humanized" 20. Dhanwantri Tailam, 1136
A/189. 21. Dhanyabhra, (See:—^Talc
144. Cow's urine, A/232. powder), M/124;M/125.
X45. Cream, A/176; A/179; 22. Dhapar-koki, 859.
A/183; A/188. 23. Dhatreemodaka, 359.
146. Creamed oat-meal, or 24. Dhatri Arista, 483.
Oatmeal Blanc-mange, 25. Dhatri Leha, 483; M/60.
163. 26. Dhupela tela, A/166.
147. Creta Praeparata or 27. Dinitro derivatives of
Prepared chalk, M/41. the Ketones, A/204.
148. Cummin oil, 410. 28. Dinner pills, 974.
149. Cupri oleattma. See:— 29. Distilled water, 1162.
Oleatum Cupri, M/53. 30. "Domba oil," 236.
150. Curds, A/186; A/182. 31. "Doodhi-halva", 723'.
151. Curds or curdled milk, 32. "Dover's powder," 241.
A/176; A/182. 33. Draksha-extract, 1288.
152. Curdled milk or curds, 34. Draksharista, 1288.
A/176; A/179; A/182; 35. Drakshasava, 1288.
A/186. 36. Dugdhavati, 920; A/183.
153. Curd of milk (buffalo's) 37. Dusting powder, 1249;
A/183. M/7; M/132.
154. Cured rice, 883. 38. Dutch Cacao-butter, 1214.

1. Dadimastaka, 1034. 1. Egg shell. See:—Ovitesta,

2. Dahn-el-kandul, 829. A/163.
3. "Dala", 941; A/193. 2. Egg Syrup, A/163.
4. Dameswer abhra, M/128. 3. Egg wine, A/163.
5. Darubrahma Rasa, M/17. 4. Ekangaveera Rasa, M/82.
6. Dasamula, 46; 1069. 5. Eladi churnam, 476.
7. Dasamula kada, 1255. 6. Elephant's milk, A/185;
8. Dasamula Kvatha, 612; A/181.
1150; 1231. 7. Embrocation, A/184.
9. Dasamula Taila, 613. 8. Epithem, 1079.
10. Dasanga guggula, 992. 9. Eriodendron extract, 506.
 INDEX 647

10. Esrar (Secret), 393. 4. Gandhaka Kalka, M/121.

11. Ethyl Esters, 604. 5. Gandhaka Lepa, M/122.
12. Eucalyptol, 515. - 6. Gandhaka Rasayana,
13. Eucasein, A/178. M/120.
14. Evaporated milk, A/175; 7. Gandhak-na-phul, M/119
A/177.
15. Ewe's milk, or Sheep's 8. Gandhar Rasa, M/77;
milk, A/181; A/185. M/123.
16. Extract Eriodendron, 506. 9. Gandha Taila, M/120.
17. Extract of Berberis arisr 10. Gangadhara Chumas,
tata, See:—^Rasanjana, (Laghu, Brihat, or
M/82; 188. Vriddha), 647.
18. Eye wash, 382. 11. Ganja, See:—"Guaza",
259; 262.
12. Garbhabilasa Rasa, or
1. "Fanas-poli," 147. Sutikabindu, M/52.
.2. Fennel water. See:— 13. Garbha Kalana Rasa,
Aqua foeniculi, 558. M/67.
3. Fermented bread, 1248. 14. Garbha Vinoda Rasa,
4. Fermented liquor or M/67.
Gaudy, or Sidhu, 1084. 15. Garbjat ganja, 260.
5. Fermented milk, A/170. 16. Gaudy, or Sidhu, or fer-
6. Fermented whey, (See:— mented liquor, 1084.
Whey fermented), A/170. 17. "Geneva" Gin, 712.
Ferro-cyanide, potas-
sium, 913. 18. Ghee, A/176; A/179;
A/182; A/187.
"Ficus B e n j a m i n a " 19. Ghee, cow's A/182.
Ghrita, 545.
9. "Finkler's Papain", 277. 20. Ghee from buffalo's milk,
10. Fish-liver oil, A/216. A/188.
11. Fish Soup, A/216. 21. Ghee, from camel's
12. Flourspar, M/44. milk, A/188.
13. Flowers of Lead, See:— 22. Ghee, of Arsenic, M/18,
Oxide of lead, •M/84. 23. Ghee, old, A/187.
14. French Hquer, See:— 24. Ginger-conserve, Ginger
"Noyean" French liquer. Jain, See:—"Allaepauk",
IS. Friar's balsam, or Trau- 1310.
matic balsam, J.138; 8. 25. Ginger Jam, Ginger
conserve; See:—"Allae-
pauk", 1310.
Gaganadhi Lauha,
26. Ginger, plantation, 1311.
M/118.
Galena, (Sulphide of 27. Glaxo, A/176.
Lead) Galena (Sauviran- 28. Glycerine of Yolk, (Gly-
jana), M/83, M/87. ceritum Vitelli), A/163.
Galithkusthuri Rasa, 29. Glycerinum Boracis,
M/128. M/107.
648 THE INDIAN MATEEIA MEDICA

30. Glyceritum Vitelli, or 58. Gynocardic ' Acid - oint-

Glycerine of Yolk, A / ment, 603.
163.
31. Gk)at's milk, .A/175;
., A/,181; A/184. I." fialf-cream Milk Food,
"32. Goat's milk-butter, A/185 A/176.
33. Goat's urine, A/233. 2: Halva, 406.
34. Gokshuradi Chumam, 3. Halwa, (See:—^Payasam)
1231. A/143.
35. Gokshuradi guggul'a, 4. Hansadi Ghrita, A/141.
1232. 5. Haran-tutiya, or Hir-
36. Gokshuradyava Leha, anya-tuttha, 369.
1231. 6. Haridrakhanda, 418.
37. Gold-leaf (sona varak), 7. Harisankara Rasa, M/127.
M/33. 8. Harital Bhasma, M/22.
* 38. Gold powder or ashes 9. Hashish, 259.
(Sona Bhasma), M/33. 10. "Hebelzalim," 628.
39. Gool, See:—Ras. 1083. 11. "Hedaurin", 610.
40. Gorochanam, A/161. 12. Hingavashtaka Chuma,
41. Grahani Kapata Rasa, or Hingushtaka Chtirna,
920; M/52. 540.
42. Grahani-Mihira taila, 649. 13. Hingul Bhasma, M/72.
43. Gruel, 1239. 14. Hinguleswara, M/96.
44. "Guaza", See:—Ganja, 15. Hingushtaka o r . Hinga-
259; 262. vashtaka. C h u m a , 540.
45. Guda Mandura,' See;— 16. Hingu Triguna Tailam,
540.
Mandura, M/63; M/62.
46. Gudashtaka, 708. 17. Hingvadi Dhum, 539.
18. Hiranya tuttha, or Haran-
47. Guduchi Satwam, 356; tutiya, 369.
357; 360. 19. Homologues of toluence,
48. Guduchyadi Lauha, M / A/204.
58. 20. Honey of Roses, 1073.
49. Guduchyadi taila, 358. 21. Honge oil, 1002. (See:—,
50. "Gulal", 231. Pongamia oil; Ponga-
51. "Gulamba," 767. mol).
52. Gulkhand, 286, 1071; 22. Horlick's Malted Milk,
1072. (See:—Milk, M a l t e d
53. Gulma Kalanala Rasa, Horlick's) A/176.
M/51. 23.
Horse's urine, A/233.
54. Gun-cotton, See:—Pyro- 24. Hrasva panchamula, 612.
xylin, 590. 25.
55. "G u r j a n - balsam" or Hriveradi, 27.
26. Hubbai Sahfa, 960.
"Wood-oil", 455.
56. "Gurjan oil," 455. 27. Hulva, 833.
57. Gynocardia oil, 601. 28. 'Humanised milk', A/174.
 INDEX Gfe

29. Human- milk, A/175; 21. Iron, oxides of, or pre-

A/181; A/185t ,pared, See:—rOxides of
30.1 -Human iirine, A/233.' Iron, M/57. ' '
31. Hydnocarpus oil, 659. 22. Iron powder. See:—Pow-
32. 'Hydrochloride morphine, der df Iron, M/56.
• See:-—Morphine hydro- 23. Iron pyrites, M/66i -M/67.
^ chloride, 913. 24. Iron prepared, See:—Pre-
33. Hyp^rial oleum, S e e : ^ pared iron, M/57.
Oleum hyperial, 673. 25. "Isaphgul-ka-chilka", 984.
34. Hypodermic • injectioii, 26. Isinglass, Japanese, Ame-
M/113; A/:228. rican, or Chinese, See:—
Agar-Agar, A/135.
27. Ithrphal, 1209.
1. IchchhaBhedi Rasa, M/80.
2. Ichhavedivatica, 398.
1. Jaborandi, 1298.
3. "Idli", 941. 2. Jalasukti, (See:—Sukti-
4. Jkshurasa, 1083. bhasma, A/212.
5. "Indian quinine", (Wa- 3. Jalodarari Rasa, M/51.
tery extract), 1221. 4. Jam, 951.
6.- "Indum-podi", 423. ' 5. James powder, A/153..
7. Injections, hypodermic, 6. Japanese or Chinese
A/228. Isinglass, A/135.
8. Injections, intramuscular, 7. Jatiphaladi chumam, Bri-
A/228. hat, 832.
9. Injections, intravenous, 8. Jatiphaladi churnam, 832.
M/H3. 9. Jatiphaladi gutika, 832.^
10. Injections of s n a k e 10. Javarish-i-lulu, A/209.
venom, A/225. 11. Java-rusa-uda, 121.
11. Injections, milk, A/184. 12. Jawarish-ai-k a m m o n,
856.
12. Injections, milk protein, 13. Jawarishai-Thurush, 970.
A/184. 14. Jayamangala Rasa, See:
13. Injections of Lead, M/85. Sri Jayamangala Rasa,
14. Injections of v e n o m , M/15, M/34, M/52, M/58.
A/229. 15. Jelly or Preserve, 1019.
15. Injections, p a r e n tal, 16. Jiraksdi modaka, 409.
A/184.
16. Insulin, 912. 17. Jirakadya taila, 410.
17. Intramuscular injections, 18. "Juniper berry oil", 712.
A/228. 19. Jvarabrahmastra, M/17.
18. Intravenous injections, 20. Jvarakunjara P a r i dra
M/113. Rasa, M/95.
19. Invertin, 1300. 21. Jvara Murari Rasa, 24;
20. Iron calcined, (L o h a M/76.
Bhasma), M/60, M/126. 22. Jvarankusha, M/52.
650 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

23. Jvara Rasa, or Compound 24. Kapha Ketu Rasa, 24;

Kharpara powder, or M/104.
Bang-i-rasa, M/132. 25. Kapithashtaka Churna,
24. Jvarari-abhra, M/128. 536.
25. Jvarasani Lauha, or Jwa- 26.' Karaviradya Taila, 849.
rasani Lauha, or Mahas- 27. Karpara-Anjana, M/132.
wasari Lauha, M/128. 28. Karpura Rasa, M/81.
26. Jvarasani Rasa, M/123; 29. Kashmira musk, A/197.
M/126. 30. Kasisadya Taila, M/65.
27. Jwaramurari pills, 575. 31. Kastur Bhusan, See:—
Rakta bhasma, or Rasa-
sindura, etc., M/80, M/70
1. Kadalyadi ghrita, 826. & M/71, M/128.
2. Kaisara guggula, 170. 32. Kasturi Pills, 3.
3. "Kajaputika-tel", 775. 33. Kathbol, 12.
4. Kajjali, M/72. 34. Kathlon, 12.
5. Kajjali panchalavana, 35. Katphaladi Churna, 829.
M/78. 36. "Kayakalpa Chikitsa",
Kalagnirudra Rasa, 664.
M/61. 37. Kefir, A/180.
7. Kalanala Rasa, A/228.
8. Kalingakadi Kvatha, 648, 38. "Kelp", (See:—Barilla),
9. Kalka, Gandhaka, See:— M/102.
Gandhaka Kalka, M/121. 39. "Keorra-ka-arak", 894.
10. Kalpam, M/60. 40. "Kevda" oil, 894.
11. Kalu bhasma, A/211. 41. Khadirarishta, 12.
12. Kalyanaksharam, 970. 42. Khadirastaka, 12.
13. Kalyanasundara Abhra, 43. Khand or Misri, 1084.
M/128. 44 Khanda Kooshmanda,
14. Kamala powder, 761. (Confection of Squash, or
15. Kanaka Asava, 440. White-govu-d), 186.
16. Kanchanabhra, M/15. 45. "Kharjur inidaru", or
17. Kanchanara guggula, 170; "Laghi", 945.
185. 46. Kharpara Bhasma, Khar-
18. Kandakadya Lauha, para powder or Bang-i-
M/60. r a s ^ or J v a r a r a s a ,
19. Kandarpa Kumarabhra, M/132.
M/127. 47. Kheer, See:—Payasam,
20. Kantakaryava L e h a, 22.
1151. 48. "Khichri", 734. See:—
21. Kanta Lauha, (Kanta Kichri, 885.
iron), M/56. 49. "Khiv", See:—Kheer, 57;
22. Kapardaka Bhasma, (or 895.
Calcined cowries), M/40. 50. "Khobripak", 222.
23. Kapha Chintamani, or 51. Kichri, 885. (S e e:—
Svalpa Lakshmibi l a s , Khichri), 734.
M/80. 51. Killed Iron, M/57. •
 INDKX 651

52. Kiratadi Taila, 575. 76. Kumyss; Kumiss or Kou-

53. Kirata tablets or pills, miss, (See:—Fermented
102. milk) Cerevesia lactis,
54. Kitamarda Rasa, M/121. A/170; A/180; A/152.
77. Kurchi-Bismuth Iodide,
55. Kitari Rasa, M/22. 636.
56. "Knysolgan", M/39. 78. Kusamisri, 1084.
57. Kohale-pak, 406. 79. K u s a valeha, A/157;
58. "Koji', 887. • A/209.
59. Kokum butter or ghee, or 80. Kushmanda Ghrita, 186.
Ceromel, M/6. 81. "Kushtanashini", 1021.
60. Kokum oil or Kokum 82. Kutaja Arishta, 648.
butter, 567. See:—Cero- 83. Kutaja Leha, 648.
mel, or Kokum-butter, or 84. Kutajashtaka, 647.
Kokum ghee, M/6. 85. "Kuteepravesikam", 664.
61. Koumiss, See:—^A/152,
A/170.
62. Koumiss, a r t 1 fi cial, 1. Laboobai Saghur, 1013.
A/170. 2. Lacidac, See:—Cow &
63. Krimi-dhulijala, prabha Gate's I^cidac, A/177.
Rasa, M/40; M/78. 3. "Lactagol", 588.
64. Krimighatini G u t i k a, 4. Lactic Acid Milk, A/175;
M/122. A/176; A/177.
65. Krimi-kalanal Rasa, 5. "Lactogen, See:—^Pow-
M/61; M/78. dered Milk; Desiccated
66. Krimi-mijdgar Rasa, Milk, A/176.
M/78,- M/121. 6. Lactose, A/176; A/179;
67. Krimirogari Rasa, M/61; A/183; A/188.
M/78. , 7. "Ladu", 941.
68. Krishna bhasma, (Kaj- 8. "Laghi", See:—"Kharjur-
jali). See:—^Black sul- nidaru", 945.
phide of Mercury's Rasa- 9. L a g h u Gangadhara
parpati),M/70. Chuma, 647.
69. "Krishnaparpati", M/72. 10. Laghu Pancham u 1 1 a,
1150.
70. Kshaudra, A/192. 11. Laghu Sankha Drava-
71. Kubja Prasarini Taila, kam, M/92.
893 12. Laghu Surana Modaka,
72. Kukkutadi G h r i t a,' 95.
A/142. 13. "Lahis", 931.
73. "Kuknar", See:—"Post", 14. Lakshadi Taila, A/150.
& "Charbughra", 914. 15. Lakshmibilas R a s a ,
74. Kumari Asava, 74. M/128; A/201.
75. Kumiss or Kumyss, 16. Lakshminarayan Rasa,
A/170; A/180. M/127
652 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

17. Lard oil, (Oleum Ade- 42. Linseed tea, 745. '
- pis), A/137. 43. "Linuiii contufeum", Seer
18. Lashunadyeranda Thai- —"Linseed meal"-, 744.
lam, 471. 44. Liquerj See:—"Ndyeaif"
19. Lauha Bliasma,M/'57. French liquer.
20. Lauha Parpati, M/66. 45. Liquid Storax, 747.
21. Lavangadhi Chur n a m . 46. Liquor, M/23..
837. 47. Liquor Atropine S u 1-
22. Laya, 887. phate, 913.
23. Lead ash, See:—Seesa 48. Liquor Pahcreatini, B. P .
Bhasm.a, Naga Bhasiiia, C , A/178..'
M/82; M/84. 49. Liquor, percolated; 454.
24. Lead pre, white, M/83. 50. L i q u o r Pancreatis,
25. Lead oxide, S e e:— Liquor P a n c T e a tini,
Flowers of Lead, M/84. A/i78.
2§. Lead plaster, or Litharge 51. Litharge, M/84.-
plaster, M/86. 52. Litharge plaster, or Lead
27. Lead, protoxide of,- M/84. plaster, M/86. '
28. Lead sulphide, See:— 53. Loha Bhasma, (Calcined
Galina- etc., M/83 & iron) M/60; M/126.
M/87. 54. Lbhasava, M/58.
29. Leavened bread, 1249. 55. Lokanatha Rasa, M/78i
29a . Leaves of Lead, M/83. 56. LoUingite, M/66.
30. Leucopyrite, M/66. 57. Lotion sterilized alurh,
31. Levurine, 1300. See:—(Sterilized alum
32. "Limbur", See:—"Nim- lotion), M/5.
bur", 931. 58. "Luminal," ,912,,
33. Lime ash carbonate, See:
—Carbonate of L i m e
Ash, M/46. 1. "Macaroni", 1249.
34. Lime Liniment, See:— 2. "Macassar" oil, 279.
Carron oil, 746; M/44. 3. Madanadhivamania, 1048.
35; Lime, phosphate of, 4. Magnesium gynocardate,
M/41. 604.
36. Lime water, M/42. 5. Mag. Sulph., intravenous,,
37. "Lime whey", S e e:— 912.
Alum whey; Whey, M/4. 6. Magzsudhi, 296.
38. Linctus, 1204; 1288;' 7. Mahagandha Rasa, M/77.
A/201. 8. Mahaghrita, A/188.
39. Liniment, 746; M/20; 9. Maha Laksmibilas, M/21,-
M/22; M/122; M/44; M/121.
A/187. 10. Maha Lakshmibilas Rasa,
40. "Linseed meal" or Linum M/15 Mahalaxmivilasa
contusum", 744. Rasa, M/128.
41. Linseed meal poultice, 11. Mahamrityxinjaya Lauha,
745. M/52.
 .INDEX 653

12. Mahanaracha Rasa, 398; 37. Mansha-kshir, M/130.

M/123. 38, Marcasite, M/66.
13. Maharaj vati, M/121. 39. Mare's ' milk, A/181;
14. Mahasvasari L a u h a, M/185.
(See:—Jvarasani or Jwa- 40. "Margosa Oil", 78D. See:
rasani Lauha), M/60; —Nimbadi Thailam, 780.
M/128. 41. Marichadya taila, A/233.
15. Mahataleswara, M/22. •42. Marmalade, 1038. .
16. Maize-flour, See:—"Mai- 43. Marmalade (Orange),
zena", 1306. 341.
17. Maize meal. See:—"Po- 44. Mashabaladi, 540.
lenta", 1306.. 45. Mashabaladi k v a t h a,
18. "Maizena", See.-.--Maize- 1136.
flour,. 1306. 46. Mashadi Modaka, 941.
19. "Maize-oil", 1305. 47. Masha taila, A/142.
20. Maize starch, or Corn- 48. Massicot, (Protoxide of
flour, 1306. lead), M/84 v
21. Majoom, 259; 262. 49. "Matheran Coffee", 925.
22. "Majoon", (Confection), 50. Matras, (See:—Ashes:
M/61. Bhasmas, A/187.
23. Majoonai Kuvathiabah, 51. Matsyandika, 1084.
832. 52. "Matto", 1146.
24. Majoonai Soul or sual, 53. Maw or Poppj' oil, 903.
583. 54. Meat soup, A/142.
25. Makaradhwaja, M/35; 55. Medicated ghee. See:—
M/69; M/75; A/200; Brahmi Ghrita, 625; 664.
A/201. 56. Medicated oil, 833;
26. Makshika, or Makshika A/166; A/211.
madhu, A/192. 57. Mahamudgara R a s a,
27. Makshika bhasma, M/63; M/61.
M/67. 58. Mel Boracis, M/107.
28. Malted milk, A/183. 59. Mercury, black sulphide
29. Manamandu, See:—Su- of, (See:—K r i s h n a
varnaparpati, A/183; bhasma & Rasaparpati),
W34. • M/70.
30. Mana Suranadya Lauha, 60. Mercury f u m i gation,
M/59. M/82.
31, Mandura, (See:—Guda 61. Mercury, insoluble sul-
Mandura), M/62; M/63. phide of, A/200.
32. Mandura bhasma, M/63. 62. Mercury inunction, M/82.
33. Mandura Loha, M/63. 63. Mercury, oleate of, See:
34. Manjishthadya ghrita, —Oleate of Mercury,
1076. M/83.
35. Manmanda, 72. 64. Methi Ladu, 282.
36. Manmathabhra R a s a , 65. Methi. Modaka, 1242.
M/128. 66. "Metose", 125.
 654 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

67. "Mexican, tea", 307. 92. Morphinae o 1 e a t u m.

68. Milk, fermented, A/170. See:—O 1 e a t u m mor-
69. Milk Food, See:—Cow & phinae.
Gate Standard etc., Half 93. Moti bhasma, A/210.
cream milk, A/176. 94. Movara spirit or brandy^.
70. Milk injections, A/184. A/163.
95. Mriganabhyadirabale h a,
71. Milk, malted, Horlicks, A/201.
A/176. 96. Mriganka Rasa, M/34.
72. Milk Skimmed, S e e r - 97. Mrityunjaya Rasa, 24;;
Skimmed Milk, A/176; M/76; M/121.
A/178. 98. Mukta bhasma, A/208.
73. "Milk of Sulphur", (Sub- 99. "Murabo", 1040.
limed sulphur), M/122. 100. Muri, See:—^Brishta tan-
74. Milk protein injections, dula, 887.
A/184. 101. Murmuras, 889.
'- 75. Milk, powdered, etc., 102. Musalyadi Churna, 412,
A/176; A/175; A/183. 103. Muscle albumin, A/162.
76. Milk, predigested; pep- 104. Musk; Kamrup, Nepala
tonised, etc., A/178. & ICashmira, Russian,.
77. Milk protein, See:—^Pro- Chinese or "Tonkin",
tein milk, A/176; 177; "Gabardine", A/198.
188 105. Mustard, 913.
78. Milk putrified, A/180. 106. Myrtle-wax, 829.
79. Milk, raw, See:—Raw
milk, A/182.
80. Milk, Soya-bean, or Miso,
1146. Naga bhasma, (Calcined
81. Milk sugar, (See:—Sac- zinc), (Calcined tin).
charum lactis), A/176; See:—Seesa bhasma or
A/217. lead ash, M/82, M/84.
2. Nakuladya ghrita, A/142.
82. Minium (oxide), M/83.
3. Naracha Churna, 693.
\ 8 3 . "Mi.so", Soy-beam milk, 4. Naracha Rasa, 708.
1146. 5. Narayana Taila, 154;^
84. Misri or Khand, 1084. 1293/4.
85. Mistura spiritus Vini 6. Narikelakhanda, 365.
Gallici, A/163.
86. "Momia", M/23 & 29. 7. Nariekelakshara, M/109.
87. "Moodooga oil," 224. 8. Narsimha Churna, 1210.
88. "Moramba", 767. 9. Nasal douche, (Salt-
water snuff), M/113.
89. Moringa oil (See:—^Ben
10. Nasha or Charas, 263,-
or Beni oil), 811. 259; 262.
90. Morphine, M/83. 11. Native Calamine, (Zinc
91. Morphine hydrochloride, Sulphate & Carbonate),,
913. M/131.
 INDEX 655

12. Navayasa Lauha, M/58. 13. Oleo-resinous extract,

13. Neem S team-batJi, 1022.
See:—Steam bath, 1074. 14. Oleum Adepis, (See:—
14. Nepala musk, A/197. Lard oil), A/137.
15. Nicotine sulphate, 853. 15. Oleum ceti (Spermoil),
16. Nimbadi Thailam, See:— A/154.
Margosa Oil, 780. 16. Oleum chenopodii, 1165.
17. Nimba Thailam, 347. , 17. Oleum cinnamomum, 328.
18. "Nimbur", .See:~"Lim-. 18. Oleum hj^perial, 673.
bur", 931. 19. Oleum Santali (B.P.),
19. Nirgundi oil, 1279. 1099.
20. Nitrate of mercury oint- 19a. Oleum menthae piperitae,
ment, A/137. 789.
21. Nityananda Rasa, M/49. 20. Oleum terebinthinae rec-
22. "Noyean" French Liquer, tificatum, 958.
691. 21. Oleum squalae, A/231.
23. Nuclein, 1300. 22. "OHbene", 211.
23. , Omum water. See:—
24. "Nutmetose", 125. Camphor julep, or A j -
25. "Nuttose", 125. wan-ka-arak, 920, 1029.
24. Orange marmalade, 341.
25. Ore, white lead. See:—
Oatmeal Blanc-mange, or Carbonate.
Creamed Oatmeal, 163. 26. "Orisol", 190; 195.
Oats, S e e : — " Q u a k e r 27. Orpimpnt (oil of yellow
Oats," 163. or red), M/23.
3. Oil of Arsenic, (See:— 28. Otto or Attar of Roses,
Butter of Arsenic), M/18 or Rose Oil, 1072.
& 19. 29. Ovapana, 372.
Oil of Arsenic disulphide, 30. Ovi albumen, (Albu-
M/20. min), A/162.
5. Oil of Tortoise, A/154. 31. Ovi testa, (Egg shell),
6. Oil of yellow & red or- A/163.
piment, M/23. 32. Ovi vitellus (Yolk),
Ointments: M/23; M/41 A/162; A/164.
M/45; ' M/67; M/83 33. Ovum-albumin, (of Egg),
M/97; M/103; M/122 A/162.
M/132; M/133; A/137 34. Oxide, (minium), M/83.
A/159; A/206. 35. Oxides of iron, or pre-
8. Ointment of copper, Olea- pared iron, M/57.
tum cupri, M/53. 36. Oxide of lead, (Lead
9. Oleate of mercury, M/83. oxide) or Flowers of
10. Oleatum cupri, (Oint- lead, M/84.
ment of copper), M/53, 37. Oxide of Silver, black.
11. Oleatum morphinae, 913. See:—Tara b h a s m a,
12. Oleoresin, 776. M/14.
 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

38.. Oxide of tin, (See:'—Tiii, 24. Paregoric Elixir,- o r Com-

oxide of), M/118;' M/117. pound tincture of Cam-
39< Ox's urine, (Urine,^ ox!s), phor, 252/253.
A/233. 25. P a i " e n t a l injections,
40. Oxymel 1257. ' A/184.
26. Parpatis, M/771
27. Pasteurised milk, A/176.
1. Pachanabheda Churna, 28. P a s t i l l e s , aromatic,
M/31. (See:—Aromatic- pas-
2. Pachwai (See:—Rice tilles), A/234.
beer), 888. 29. Pathadya Churna, 647.
3. Palo, or Satt-gilo, '358. 30. Pathyadi Kvatha, 1208.
4. Pancha-artirita See:— 31. Patoladi kvatha, 1237.
Pancha-nimba gutica, 783 32. Patoladya churnam, 1237.
5. Panchajiraka-paka, 856. 33. Patti, See:—B h a n g,
' 6. Pancha kapitha, 536. Siddhi, Subji, etc.
7. Pancha kashaya, 1.048. 34. Paustik, 819.
35. Pauttika, A/192.
Pancha Kola Churnam, 36. Payasa, See:—^Payasam
8. 968.
& Kheer, 887, 22.
Pancha lavana, 650; 37. Payasam or Halwa, of
9. M/98.
testicles of a sheep or
Panchamrita p a r p a t i, goat, A/143.
10. M/77.
38. Payasam, See:—Kheer &
Panchanimba Gutika, or Payasa, 22; A/143; 887.
11. Pancha-amrita, 783.
39. Pearl compound, A ' / 2 1 0 .
12. Panchapitta,' A/159. 40. Peppermint oil, (or
13. Panchathikthaka pana- oleum menthae piperitae,
kam, 575., B.P.) 789.
14. Panchathikthaka powder, 41. "Pepper-pot", 707.
& decoction, 575. 42. Peptalac, See:—Cow &
15. Pancha tikta ghrita, 783. Gate's Peptalac, A/177.
16. Panchavaktra Raisa, 24; 43. Peptonised or Predigest-
M/123. ed Milk, (See:—Cow &
17. Panchavalkaladi Tailum, Gate's Peptalac), A/176;
553. A/177; A/178; A/188.
18. Panchavalkala Kashaya, 44. Percolated liquor, 454.
552. 45. Pessaries of Saffron, 391.
19. Panchajiraka paka, 856. 46. Phalaghi-ita, 154.
47. Phanita, 1083.
P a n d u s u d a n a Rasa, 48. "Phodni", 216.
20. M/78.
49. Phosphate of Lime, M/41.
Panceya, See:—S h a d-
,21. anga Paniya, 429. 50. "Phutanas", 312.
Papain, See:—Finkler's 51. Picrotoxih, 361.
22. Papain, 277., 52. Pipe-clay, prepared or
Paraldehyde, 912. purified, M/7.
23.
 INDKX 657

53. Pippali Arista, 967. 82. Pradarari Lauham, 648.

54. Pippuladi Lauha, M/60. 83. Pradararipoo Rasa, M/82.
55. Pita Bhasma, M/70; 84. "Prameha cure", 874.
M/71. 85. Prameha Mihira Taila,
56. Pittal Bhasma, M/48. 154.
57. Pittantaka Rasa, A/209. 86. Pranada Gutika, 970.
58. "Plantation ginger", 1311. 87. Pranadi Gutika, 1210.
59. Plasmon, A/178. 88. Prasarini Leha, 893.
60. Plasmoquin, 326. 89. Pravala Bhasma, (Coral
61. Plaster, A/207. Ash), A/157.
62. Plaster of Paris, M/46. 90. Predigested Milk, See:--
63. Plumbago blister, 990. (Peptonised Milk), S e e : -
64. "Pohas", 887; 889. (Cow & Gate's Peptalac)
65. "Polenta" (Maize meal), A/178.
1306. 91. Prepared Chalk, or Creta
66. Pongamol (Pongamia oil Praeparata, M/41.
orHonge oil), 1002. 92. Prepared Copper, M/50;
67. "Poor Man's Treacle", M/51.
1261. 93. Prepared iron or Oxides
68. Poppy oil, See:—Maw or of iron, M/57.
Poppy oil, 903. 94. Prepared or purified
69. Poppy, Syrup of Red, pipe-clay, (See:—^Pipe-
See:-—Syrup of Red clay, prepared or puri-
Poppy, 901. fied), M/7.
70. Porridge, 1249. 95. Prepared Silver, See:—
71. "Post", See:—"Kuknar", Sulphide of Silver, M/14.
& "Char-bughra", 914. 96. Preserve, See:—Jelly,
72. Potassium ferro-cyanide. 1019.
M/51. 97. Prithuka, (Chura), 887.
73. Potassium Permanganate 98. Prithvisara Taila, 1004.
913. 99. Prolac, See:—Cow &
74. Potato Meal, 1156.
Gate's Prolac, A/177.
75. Pottali Hemagarbha 100. Proof Spirit, (See:—
Rasa, M/34. Arrack), 1301.
76. Poudre-de-riz, 886.
101. Protein Milk, See:—CO\Y
77. Poushtik, 927; 945. & Gate's Prolac, A/176;
78. Powdered Milk, See:— A/177; A/188.
Desiccated milk. See:— 102. "Protose", 125.
Lactogen, A/176; A/175; 103. Protoxide of lead, or
A/183. Massicot, M/84.
79. P o w d e r e d sulphur, 104. Puddings, 1249.
M/122. 105. "Pulque", 54.
80. Powder of Iron, or Iron 106. Pulv. Glycerisa Co., 912.
powder, M/56. 107. Punarnava Leha, 207.
81. Prabhanjana Vimar- 108. Punarnava Mandura,
dhana, 1137. A/233.
42
658 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

109. Punamavastaka, 207. Shadguna Balijarita Rasa

lib. Punarnava Taila, 207. sindura, M/71i M/36;
111. Purana Ghrita, (old M/72; M/80; M/75;
ghee), A/187. M/128.
112. "Puranpoli", 312. " 12. Rasaut, 188,- 190.
113. Purified c h o 1 e s t r i n, 13. Rasavanti, 188.
A/137. 14. Rasayana chikitsa, 664.
114. Putapakwavisamajwran- 15. Rasayanamrita Leha,
taka Lauha, M/53. M/59:
115. Putrefied milk, A/180. 16. Rasendra gutika, M/78.
116. Pyroxylin or gun-cotton, 17. Rasnadi Tailum, M/131.
590. 18. Raspberry jam, 1078.
19. Ratnagarbha pottali Rasa,
1. "Quaker Oats", 163. M/34.
2. Quinetum, 317. 20. Ratnagiri Rasa, M/2.
3. Qiiininum, 317. 21. "Ratoon Ginger", 1314.
22. Raughan-i-banafsha, 1274
1. "Raggi", 888. 23. Raw milk, A/182.
2. Ragi kanji, or Chodi 24. Red oxide of Jead of
kanji, 478. minium, (See:—Sindura)
3. "Rag-outs", 1249. M/83.
4. Rajmriganka Rasa, M/79; 25. Red Poppy, Sjrrup of,
M/87; M/123. See:—Syrup of Red
5. Rakta Bhasma, (or Kas- Poppy, 1901.
tur Bhusan, or Rasa 26. Red sulphide of mercury,
sindura), M/70; M/80; See:—Cinnabar; M/68;
M/71; M/128. 69; M/72.
6, Ramabana Rasa, or Ram- 27. Rice-beer, (See:—^Pach-
ban Rasa, 24; M/21. wai), 888.
7, Ras, See:—Gool, 1083. 28. Rice-poultice, 886; 990.
29. Rice-water mixture, 885.
8. Rasa Karpura, (or Cam- 30. Rohitaka Lauha, M/60.
phor of Mercury or Rasa-
kapura, See:—Calomel; 31. Rose oil, See:—Otto, or
Sweta bhasma; White Attar of Roses, 1072.
ash, M/71; M/72; M/81; 32. Rose-water, 1071; 1072.
M/81; M/70. 33. Rosseum, 912.
34. Rukkeshee Rasa, 398.
9. Rasanjana, (Extract of 35. Russian musk, M/197.
Berberis aristata), 188;
M/82.
10. Rasa Parpati, M/34;
M/70; M/72; .(See:— 1. Sabjee, 259.
Black sulphide of Mer- 2. Saccharated solution, of
cury; Krishna bhasma; lime, M/42.
Kajjah). Saccharum laqtis, See:—
11. Rasa sindura, or Kastur Milk sugar, A/176;
bhusan or Rakta bhasma, A/217.
 INDEX 659

4. "Sacrocrysin", or "Sano- 34. Saubhagya vatika, 24.

crysin"', M/39. 35. Sauvir Anjana, or Black
5. Sadanga guggula, 170. surma; Galena, M/83;
6. Sadanga paniya, 925. M/87.
7. Safed sukkar, or Chini 36. Seesa Bhasma, or Naga
sukkar, 1084, Bhasma, (lead ash).
Saffron, pessaries of, M/82; M/84.
See:—Pessaries of Saf- 37. "Semecarpol", 1120.
fron, 391. 38. Serum-albumin, A/162.
S a h a s r a p u t i Abhra, 39. Shadanga Paniya, or
M/125. Paneeya, 429.
10. Saindhvadya taila, 1313. 40. Shaddharana Yoga, 991.
11. S a j j i k a d y a Chuma, 41. Shadguna Balijarita Rasa
M/102. M/69.
12. Sajjikhar, M/102. 42. S h a d g u n a Balijarita
13. "Sake", 887. Rasa-sindura, or Rasasin-
14. Salol, M/75. dura, M/80.
15. Salpa Masha Taila, 43. S h a m b u k a Bhasma,
M/109. (Snail shells), M/40).
16. Salt water snuff, (Nasal 44. Shanka Bhasma, (Conch
douche), M/113. Shell Ash or Silicate of
17. Samasarkara chuma, Magnesia), M/40; A/165.
1311. 45. Shankha Vati, A/165.
18. Sambarsinga bhasma, 46. Shatavari ghrita, 154.
A/153; A/160. 47. Sheep's milk, or Ewe's
19. Sambarsing paste, A/153. milk, A/181; A/185.
20. Sambukadi taila, A/142. 48. Shell-ash, .See:—Cowri
21. Sambunatha Rasa, 920. bhasma, A/159.
22. Samiragaja Kesari, 1179. 49. Sherbats, A/227.
23. Sanocrvsin, or Sacrocry- 50. Sherry, 1289.
sin, M/39. 51. "Shindi", 946.
24. Saptashah Vati, M/81. 52. Shoathahar Loha, M/60.
25. Sarkara, See:—Chini or 53. Shora Kalmi, (refined),
Safed Sukkar, 1084. M/91.
26. Sarvanga-sundara Rasa, 54. "Shoyu", 1146.
M/2. 55. Sihukti bhasma, M/40;
27. Sarveshwar Rasa, M/123. See:—Bivalve shells.
28. Sataputa Abhrakam,— 56. Shula Gaja Kesati,
Sata-Putabhrakam, 359; A/159.
M/129. 57. Shulaharanayoga, 1179.
29. "Sathe", or Am-poli", 58. Siddha Jogeshwar, M/66.
797. 59. Siddhamakaradihwajam,
30. "Sati Food", 419. 832.
31. Satt-gilo or Palo, 358. 60. Siddhartha ghrita, 213;
32. "Satuche pith", 655. 214.
33. Saubhagya Sunti, 1311. 61. Siddhi, or Bhang, Subji
660 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

& Patti, 259 & 260. 88. Sona bhasma, (Gold

62. Sidhu, (fermented liquor) powder or ashes), M/33.
or Gaudy, 1084. 89. Soups, 1249.
63. Silajit basmam, M/129. 90. "Soya", 1146.
64. Silicate of Magnesia, 91. "Soy-bean" milk, (See:—
(See:—Shankha bhasma, "Miso", 1146.
or Conch shell ash), 92. Sperm oil, or Oleum ceti,
A/165; M/iO. A/154.
65. Silver Bhasma, and Sil- 93. Spirits of Camphor, 253.
ver leaf, M/14. 94. "Spirits of hart's horn",
66. Silver, prepared, See:— A/153.
Prepared silver, M/14. 95. Spray (alum) (See:—
67. Sindura, See:—^Red oxide Alum spray), M / 5 .
of lead of minium, M/83. 96. Squalae, oleum. See:—
68. Sinduradya Taila, M/87. Oleum Squalae.
69. Sinhanada guggula, 97. Sri. Jayamangala Rasa,
M/121. See:—Jayamangala Rasa,
70. Siva ghrita, A/142. M/15.
71. Skimmed Lactic Acid 98. Srmgarabhra, M/127.
milk, (See:—Butter 99. Sringyadi Chuma, 966;
milk), A/177; A/178. 1063.
72. Skim milk, A/183. 100. Srotonjana or Suffed
73. Skimmed milk, A/176; Surma, (White surma),
A/178. M/87.
74. Smaltite, M/66. 101. "Staff of Life", See:—
75. Snail shells (Shambuka Wheat bread, 1248.
bhasma), M/40. 102. Stale bread, 1248.
76. Snake-venom injection, 103. Steam-bath, (See:—
A/225. Neem steam-bath), 1074.
77. S n a k e - v e n o m pills, 104. Sterilized alum lotion,
A/225. See:—^Alum, sterilized
78. Snuff; 1213; M / 5 ; M/20; lotion, M / 5 .
M/114. 105. 'Styptol', 911.
79. Snuff, salt water, (Nasal -inc: Subcutaneous injection,
douche), M/113. M/113.
80. Sodium hydnocarpate, 1^7 Strychnine, hypodermic-
659. ally, 913.
81. Solution of Nitre, M/93. ^Qg Subji, Patti; Siddhi,
82. Solution of sulphur, Bhang, 260/259.
(See:—Balsam of sul- 109. Sublimed sulphur, or
phur), M/122. "Milk of Sulphur",
83. "Soma-juice", 240. M/122.
84. Somala bhasma, M/19." ^O- Suchikabharana Rasa,
85. Somanath Rasa, M/118. A/226.
86. Somaraji taila, 1269. HI- Sudarsana Churna, 574.
87. Somesvara Rasa, M/61. 112. Sudhanidhi Rasa, M/60.
 INDEX 661

113. Sufeda, M/85. 139. Svalpa methi modaka,

114. Suffed Surma or Sroton- 1242.
jana, (White surma), 140. Svalparasuna pinda, 70.
M/87. 141. "Svarna-sindura", M/75;
115. Sugar solutions, acidulat- M/80.
ed (sherbats), A/227. 142. Svasakuthara Rasa, or
116. Sukkar, See:—Chini or Swasakuthar Rasa,
Safed sukkar. M/20; M/121.
117. Sukti bhasma, (See:— 143. Sveta bhasma, (white
Jalasukti), A/211; A/212. ash), M/70.
118. Sulki fish, A/215. 144. "Swarasam" of Brahmi,
119. Sulochanamr i t a b h r a, 664.
M/127. 145. Swasa Bhairava Rasa, or
120. Sulphate of nicotine. Swasa Kuthar Rasa,
See:—Nicotine sulphate. M/80.
121. Sulphide of lead, (Gal- 146. Swasa Chintamani,
ena), M/83. M/121.
122. Sulphide of Silver, 147. Swasa Gajankusa, M/15.
(See:—^Prepared Silver) 148. Swasakasa Chudamani,
M/14. M/121.
123. Sulphur baths, M/122. 149. Swasa Kuthara Rasa,
124. Sulphur, sublimed, See:~ (See:—S v a s a k u thara
Milk of sulphur, M/122. Rasa), or Swasa Bhai-
125. Sunflower oil, 614. rava Rasa, M/121; M/20;
326, Sunta ghrita, 1312. M/80.
127. "Sunth", (dried ginger), 150. Sweet almond meal,
1314. (See:—Almond meal.
128. 'Surinjan-i-talkh', 370. sweet), 1013.
Syrup anar, 1033.
129. Surma, white, See:— j ^ ^ " Syrup of Red Poppy, 901.
Srotonjana, M/87. •"''=^-
130. Surysf/avartha Rasa,
M/51; M/121.
131. Sutki fish, A/215. 1. Talc powder (Dhanya-
132. Sutikabindu, or Gar- bhra), M/125.
bhabilasa Rasa, M/52. 2. Tamarix manna, 1195.
133. Suvarna-Parpati, or 3. Tamra Bhasma, (Copper
M a n a m'andu, M/34; Bhasma), M/49; M/51. '
A/183. 4. Tamra Parpati, M/51.
134. Suvama Vasantha malti, 5. Tandulambu, 887.
M/34; M/132. 6. Tankanadi Vati, M/105.
135. Svalpa Kasturi Bhairava 7 Tara Bhasma, (See:—
Rasa, A/201. Black Oxide of Silver),
136. Svalpakhadiravatika, 12. M/14.
137. Svalpa Lakshmibilas, or 8. T a r a k e s h v a r Rasa
Kapha Chintamani, M/80. M/118. ,
138. Svalpa Masha Taila, 941. 9. Talakesari Rasa, M/22.
662 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

10. Talisadya Churna, 3; Triphala chumam, 1204;

555. Triphala powder, M/57.
11. Tari, 210. 40. Triphala guggula, 170.
12. Taruna Jvarari, M/76. 41. Triphala kashayam, 1207.
13. Terebinthinae rectifica- 42. Triphala powder, M/57.
tum, oleum, 958. (See:—Triphala chur-
14. "Tikitiki" extract, 884. nam), 1204."
15. Tiktadya ghrita, (See:— 43. Trivikrama Rasa, M/80.
Tiktaka ghritam), 1004. 44. Trivrit chumam, 694;
16. Tiktaka ghritam, (See:— 1070.
Tiktadya ghrita), 1004. 45. Trivrit Leyham, 693.
17. Tin calcined, See:—Cal- 46. Tr. Opi. Lecithin, 912.
cined tin, etc., M/82. 47. Tryushanadi L a u h a,
18. Tinctura Ignatiae, 1175. M/58; M/61.
19. Tincture of Musk, A/200. 48. Tumburadya churna,
i^O. Tin, oxide of, See:— 693.
T Oxide of tin, M/118; 49. Tutanag. pashan, M/133.
M/117. 50. Tutham. or Tuttanjana,
21. Tin powder, See:—Vanga (Collyrium), 370; M/54.
bhasma, M/131. 51. lYittanjana or Tutham,
22. Toast, 1248. M/54.
23. Toasted bread, 1248. 52. "Tuttanjana", or Tutham,
24. Toddy poultice, 210; 370; M/54.
1301. 53. Tuvaraka tailam, 347.
25. "Tofu", 1146.
26. Toothpowder, M/47.
27. Tortoise oil, See:—Oil of 1. Udakamanjari Rasa,
Tortoise, A/154. A/159.
28. Trailokya Chintamani 2. Unguentum galle, cum
Rasa, M/'2. opio, 1195.
29. Traumatic balsam. See:— 3. Unguentum gynocardiae,
Friar's balsam, 8; 1183. (See:—Chaulmugra oint-
30. Trayodasanga guggula, ment) 603; 604.
169. 4. Unleavened bread, 1249.
31. Treacle, 1085. 5. Unprepared copper,
32. Treacle, Poor Man's, 12. M/51.
33. Tribhuvana Keerti Rasa, 6. Urines of animals,
M/76. A/232 & A/233.
34. Trikatu, 1210; 1310. 7. Utpaladi sritam, 860.
35. Trimada, 991.
36. Trinetra Rasa, M/117. 1. Vaccine, A/155.
37. Triiiitrobutyltoluol, A/ 2. V a d a v a n a l Churna,
204. M/109.
38. T r i n itro-meta-tentiary- 3. Vadavanal Rasa, M/78.
butyl-toluene, A/204. 4. Vahni Rasa, M/78.
 INDEX 663

5. Vaishnavanar Churnam, 34. Vidam, vida, vitlavana,

M/111. M/98.
6. Vajrakapata Rasa, M/76; 35. Vidanga Lauha, M/62:
M/123. M/122.
7. Vakerio-ladu, 282. 36. Vidanga Taila, 480.
8. Vanari Vatika, (Boluses) 37. V idarigandhadigana
819. Quath, 687.
9. Vanga bhasma, M/118; 38. Vidyadhiarabhra, M/125.
M/131. 39. Vidyadhara Rasa, M/22.
10. V a n g e s h w a r a Rasa, 40. Vijayaparpati, M/34.
M/118. , 41. Vijaya Vati, M/121.
11. Van-Hounten's Cocoa, "Vimala", M/66.
(See:—Chocolate pow- 42.
43. Vinegar, 269; 1085.
der, 1216. "Virgin oil," 870.
12. "Vanillin", 838; 1264. 44.
13. Varalians, 420. Visama Jwrantaka-
45.
14. Vartaloham, M/49. Lauha, M/58; M/59.
15. Varunadya ghrita, 388. 46. Vishnu Taila, 154.
16. Varunadya guda, 388. 47. Vit or Vita lavana, Vida,
17. Varunadya taila, 388. or Vidam, M/98.
18. Vasachandani taila, 43. 48. Vrahat Panchamuli, 353;
19. Vasa Kushmanda Kanda, 613.
186. 49. Vridha G a n g a d h a r a
20. Vasanta Kusumakar Chuma, See:—^Brihat
Rasa, 509, or Vasanta Gangadhara Chuma, 647.
Kusumakera Rasa, 50. Vrihat Aswagandha
A/157; A/209. ghrita, 1136.
21. V a s a n t a t i l a k a Rasa, 51. Vrihat Guduchyadi Taila,
A/201. 358.
22. Vasavaleha, 43. 52. Vrihat Pancha-mula, 613.
23. Vata Guduchyadi taila. See:—Vrihat Pancha-
358. muli, 353.
24. Vataraktantaka Rasa, 53. Vrihat Sarva-Jwara-hara
M/82. Lauha, M/58.
25. Vatari Rasa, 170. 54. Vrihat Somanatha Rasa,
26. "Vathathapika", 664. M/61.
27. Vegetable - a 1 b u m i n , 55. Vrihat Vangeshwara
A/162. Rasa, 549; M/118.
28. "Vegetable calomel", 995. 56. Vrihat Vata Gajankusa,
M/15.
29. "Vegetable Marrow", 723
30. Venom injections, A/229.
31. Vermicelli, 1249. 1. W a r burg's Tincture,
32. Vetala Rasa, M/21. 1223.
33. Vida, vidam, vita lavana, Watery Extract, See:—
M/98. "Indian Quinine" 1221.
664 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

3. Wax, See:—Myrtle wax, 17. "Wood-oa", (See:—Gur-

829 janbalsam), 455.
4. Wheait bread, (Staff of
life) 1248.
5. Wheat coffee, 1249. L Yakridari Lauha, M/60.
6. Wheat flour conjee, 1249. 2. "Yavagu", 886.
7. Whey, 1141; A/176; 3. Yavakshar, M/109.
A/179; A/182; A/186; 4. Yeast poultice, 1250.
A/188; M/4. 5. Yellow oil, A/163.
6. Yogaraja, M/15 & 31.
8. Whey, fermented, A/170. (See: under Asphaltum).
Whey, lime. See:—Alum
9. Yogaraja guggula, 169;
whey, M/4.
992.
10. White ash. See:—Sveta 8. Yogendra Rasa, M/79.
bhasma; Rasa Karpura, 9. Yolk of egg, (See:—Ovi
Camphor of Mercury, vitellus), A/164; A/162.
M/70. 10. Yolk, or Ovi vitellus;
11. White bread, 1248. A/162.
12. White lead ore (carbo-
nate), M/83.
13. White mica (Svetabhra), 1. Zinc bhasma, or zinc
M/129. bhasmam, M/131.
14. White of egg (albumin), Zinc, calcined, See:—
A/164. Calcined zinc, M/82.
15. White surma, See:—Sro- 3. Zinc sulphate, 913.
tonjana, or suffed Surma, 4. Zinc sulphate & carbo-
M/87. nate (native calamine),
16. Whole-meal bread, 1249. M/131.
 INDEX OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
(Major & Minor, significant & insignificant) in the
main text of the "INDIAN MATERIAL MEDICA"
N.B.: Letters "A" & "M" preceding the Numbers hereunder,
stand to indicate pages of the Animal & Mineral King-
doms respectively; plain numbers are of the Vegetable
Kingdom.

A-acid, 444 903; 1191; 1260

A-antiarin, 128 Acid acetic, esters of, 36
Abrin, 5 Acid aconitic, 26
Abrine, 1187 Acid agaric, 50; 51
Abrussic acid, 5 Acid ailantic, 56; 57
Absinthin, 141 Acid akundaric, 244
Absinthol, 141 Acid aloetic, 75
Absolute alcohol, 58; 227; 812; Acid amino, 125; 126; 545;
1268 A/173
Absolute alcoholic extract, 953 Acid ahacardic, 96; 1119
Acalyphine, 18 Acid anthemic, 118
Acalypus, 18 Acid arable, 9; 855
A-caryophyllene, 933 Acid arachic, 122
Acetate, 1261 Acid aracidic (arachic) 122;
Acetate of potash, 153; 1266 1002
Acetic acid, 110; 179; 311; 396; Acid aromatic, oil, 699
513; 538; 710; (glacial, 789); Acid arsenious, commercial,
903; 1191; 1260 M/16
Acetic ethers of turpeneol, 775 Acid B, 444
Acetone, 22 Acid behenic, 811
Acetyl-corchorin, 377 Acid benzoic, 316; 464; 487;
Acetyl derivative, 1002 585; 683; 747; 1002; 1182;
Acetyleugenol, 836 M/24; M/25; M/26; M/27
Acetylic alcohol, A/154 Acid brassic, glycerides of, 217
Achillein, 20 Acid butyric, 36; 285; 306; 396;
Achrosine, 289 585; 778
Acid, 128; 362; (astringent 453 Acid butyric, glyceride of,
454) (crystalline, 455) A/178
(crystallizable, 456); 1040 Acid cafieic, 368
1119; 1245; 1308 Acid, caffeotannic, 368
Acid, A, 444 Acid camphoric, 250
Acid abrussic, 5 Acid capric, 265
Acid acetic, 110; 179; 311; 396; Acid caprinic, glyceride of,
513; 538; 710; (glacial, 789); A/178
43
 666 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Acid caproic, 415 Acid curcumic, 416

Acid caprylic, 363 Acid di-hydroxy-benzoic, &88
Acid carbolic, 570; A/147 Acid di-hydroxy-stearic, 179j
Acid carbonic, 1258; A/170 1002
Acid carboxylic, 321 Acid elenlic, 253
Acid carica fat, 274 Acid ellagic, 517; 1032
Acid carminic (see: — car- Acid embellic, 478
mine); A/155; A/156 Acid eugenic, 836
Acid carmiric, A/156 Acid euonic, 520
Acid carobic, 1011 Acid fatty, 268; 306; 305; 601;
Acid caryophyllic, 836 661; 699; 878; 1002; 1149;
Acid catechuic, 11 1150; 1170; 1265; 1266; M/26;
Acid catechu-tannic, 11; 1025; A/156
1254 Acid fatty crystalline, 385
Acid cathartic, 281; 287; 953; Acid fatty crystallizable, 513
1047;. 1055 Acid fatty fluid, 818
^^^ Acid cerotic, A/151 Acid, fatty free, 818
'" Acid chaulmoogric, 601 Acid fatty free & volatile, 777
Acid chaulmugric, 658 Acid fatty glycerides of (so-
Acid chebulinic, 1206 luble & insoluble, 778); 133
Acid chinic or Quinic, 316 Acid ferulic, 537
Acid chinovic, 316 Acid ferulic, free, 538
Acid chrysamic, 75 Acid filicic, 761
Acid chrysophan, (See:—Ru- Acid formic, 179; 513; 538; 710;
micin, Sennacrol); 287; 1057 1258; 1260; A/192
Acid chrysophanic, 100; 283; Acid frangulic, 1059
284; 286; 287; 289; 290; Acid free, 109, 513; 778; 1099;
291; 922; 1057; 1059; 1079; 1277
1080 Acid free fatty, 818
Acid cincho-tannic, 316; 674. Acid free ferulic, 538
Acid cinnamic, 36; 328; 464; Acid free glycerides of fatty,.
747; 1182 133
Acid citric, 191; 274; 339; 342; Acid free tartaric, 717; 765
345; 347; 536; 761; 765; 838; Acid fruit, 1316
873; 876; 903; 950; 1014; Acid fumaric, 561
1065; 1078; 1155; 1191; 1222; Acid fungic, 50
1287 Acid gallic, 130; 208; 223; 248;
Acid cocinic, 600 369; 505; 517; 526; 577; 765;
Acid coffeo-tannic, 366 822; 859; 975; 999; 1025;
Acid colchiceine, 369 1042; 1057; 1072; 1113; 1161;
Acid commercial arsenious, 1197; 1206
M/16 I Acid gallo-tannic, 836; 975;
Acid costic, 1108 1025; 1042; 1203
Acid crotonic or Quartenylic, Acid garjanic, 456
396 Acid gentianic, 573
Acid crotonoleic, 396 Acid gluco-tannic, 1199
Acid crystallisable, 1318 Acid glycerides of, 227; 1036
Acid cubebic, 400 Acid glycerides of brassic, 217
 INDEX 667

Acid glycerides of butyric, Acid hydrate of silicic, 173

A/178 Acid hydrocyanic, 1014; 1016,
Acid glycerides of caprinic, 1077
A/178 Acid hydroxy, 4; 1066
Acid glycerides of caprylic, Acid hyoscinic, 670
A/178 Acid hypogaeic,
Acid glycerides of carponic, Acid hypogoeic, 122; 601
A/178 Acid igasuric, 1175
Acid glycerides of dihydroxy- Acid inorganic, 543; 811
stearic, 1066 Acid isolauric, 479
Acid of erucic, 217 Acid isolinolenic, 602
Acid glycerides of fatty, (So- Acid isolinolic, 878
luble, insoluble), 778; 818 Acid isomeric with malic, 561
Acid glycerides of free fatty, Acid isovalerianic, 1260; 1261
818 Acid j atrophic, 705
Acid glycerides of lauric, 363; Acid jibantic, 444
396 Acid juglandic, 709
Acid glycerides of linoleic, 228; Acid karanjol carboxylic, 1002
"377; 1127 Acid kino-tannic, 223; 513; 1025
Acid glycerides of myristic, Acid k-oxalate of potassium,
363; 396 1079
Acid glycerides of oleic, 217; Acid lactic, 903; A/170; A/172;
228; 377; 1127 A/177; A/179
Acid glycerides of palmitic, Acid lansinic, 725
227; 228; 363; 396 Acid larcic, 50
Acid glycerides of palmitin & Acid lauric, 134; 479; 653; 777;
olein, 122 1170
Acid glycerides of ricinoleic, Acid lectucic, 720
1066 Acid lignoceric,
Acid glycerides of ricinoleic & Acid lignocerric, 122, 223,
isoricinoleic, (See: —Rici- 811; 1002
noleate of glycerol or tririci- Acid linoleic, 743
nolein) 1066 Acid linoleic, triglyceride of,
Acid glycerides of stearic, 217; 505
227; 228; 396 Acid linolenic, 602; 1002
Acid glycerides of unsaturated Acid linolic, 122; 223; 601; 667;
fatty, 957 1002
Acid glycerides of volatile, 396 Acid maizenic, 1305
Acid gum, 39 Acid Malic, 9; 13; 191; 274
Acid gymnemic, 597 289; 311; 342; 381; 435; 448
Acid gynocardic, 600 538; 561; 582; 622; 632; 765
Acid hanno-tannic, 731 787; 838; 950; 1014; 1015:
Acid harminic, 928 1018; 1039; 1065; 1072; 1078
Acid heptylic, 35 1191; 1260; 1266; 1278; 1287
Acid hippuric, M/26; M/27 Acid margaric, salts of, A/230
Acid humic, M/25 Acid margosic, 777; 778
Acid hydnocarpic, 601; 658; Acid mastichic, (or Alpha-
661 • resin) 974
 638 THE INDIAN MATEKIA MEDICA

Acid meconic, 903 Acid polygonic, 999

Acid meta-gallic, 1042 Acid potassium oxalate,
Acid methyl-crotonic, 396 (See:—oxahc acid)
Acid monobasic, 1120 Acid principles, 395, (yellow,
Acid monosemicarbazone, 478 1302)
Acid mucic, 1170; A/183 Acid protocatechuic, 588
Acid mudaric, 244 Acid prussic, 71; 707; 1012;
Acid myristic, 567; 667; 811; 1036
830; 1002 Acid p-toluic, 416
Acid Myrrhic, 170 Acid punico-tannic, 1032
Acid nicotinic, 122 Acid quartenylic (or crotonic)
Acid nitric, A/183 396
Acid non-volatile, 720 Acid quercitannic, 1072
Acid nucleinic, 1300 Acid quinic or chtnic, 316
Acid oleic, 122; 223; 567; 602; Acid quinoline-amino-acetyl-
777; 811; 818; 878; 1002; p-arsenillic, 322; 323
% 1051; 1170; 1265; A/138 Acid racemic, 1287
Acid oleic, salts of A/230 Acid resin, 5; 137; (black, 238)
Acid oleic, triglyceride of, 505 (yellow bitter, 238); 274
Acid opelic, 573; 1184 (glucosidal, 385); 457; 582
Acid organic, 8; 19; 52, 166; 588; 818; 1135; 1234, 1268
226; 300; 412; 419; 531; 597, 1278
622; 624; (yellow, 717); 851; Acid resinous, 227
855; 903; 925; 1047; 1099; Acid rheo-tannic, 1057
1150; 1157; (astringent, Acid ricinoleic & isorisinoleic,
1164; 1199; 1278; 1298 glycerides of, 1066
Acid organic, non-crystalline, Acid rumicin, (See:—chryso-
617 phanic acid); 1079; 1080
Acid oxalate of potassium, 890 Acid Salicylic, 14; 234; 570;
Acid oxalic, 88; 164; 287; 587; 701; 1015; 1064; 1090;
1007 1139
Acid oxim, 478 Acid santalic (or Santalin)
Acid oxy, 1119 1026
Acid palmitic, 36; 122; 179; Acid saturated, 1292
223; 600; 601; 653; 658; 667; Acid sennacrol,—See: —
811; 878,1002; A/138; A/151; Chrysophan
A/154 Acid silicic, 66; 179; 653; 976
Acid palmitic, esters of, 36 Acid silicic, hydrate of, 173
Acid palmitic triglyceride of, Acid smilasperic, 620
505 Acid stearic, 179; 363; 667; 777;
Acid papayic, 274 811; 1002; A/138
A d d phosphoric, 50; 99; 122 Acid stearic, dihydroxy, 179;
179; 274; 311; 342; 458; 477 567
506; 548; 582; 597; 630; 653 Acid stearic, salts of, A/230
766; 893; 940; 1018; 1050 Acid strychnic, 1175
1241; 1245; 1266; M/24; M/26 Acid substance, 1020
Acid plumeric, 993 Acid succinic, 141; 1155
Acid podophyllic, 994 Acid sulphuric, 99; 179; 517;
 INDEX 669

582; 591; 765; 903; 1287; Adansonin, 39

M/26; M/lOO Adenine, 248; 310; 366
Acid tannic, (See:—Tannin), Aesculetin, 524
26; 45; 115; 184; 208; 230; Agaric acid, 50; 51
248; 281; 289; 316; 354; 369; Agaricin, 51; 1001
375; 505; 761; 822; 848; 859; Agaricol, 51
949; 999; 1018; 1042; 1057;Agavose, 54
1072; 1090; 1093; 1099; 1113; Ailantic acid, 56; 57
1161; 1181, 1194; 1197; 1206; Ajmalicine, 1051
1264; 1287; 1290 Ajmaline, 1051
Acid tartaric, 191; 274;. 287;Ajmalinine, 1051
363; 585; 597; 632; (free, 717; Aj wan-ka^phul—see: — Crude
768); 903; 1072; 1155; 1191; thymol; Flowers of ajowan
1287 camphor, 1028
Acid tartrate of potassium, A-Kosin, 213
1287 Akundaric acid, 244
Acid terephthalic, 416 Akundarin, 238
Acid tiglic, 396 Akundarol, 244
Acid tiglinic, 396 Akundarol-isovalerate, 244
Acid turpethic, 692 Alangine, 58
Acid turpetholic, 692 Alangine sulphate, 59
Acid unsaturated, 1230; 1292 Alban, 237; 243
Acid urushic, 776 Albumen, 65; 119; 134; 153
Acid valerianic, 396; 538; 720; 179; 278; 363; 435; 457; 517
1047; 1260; A/138 520; 545; 562; 572; 591; 608
Acid valerianic, esters of,' 627; 670; 720; 753; 818; 851
1260; 1261 855; 986; 1039; 1078; 1083
Acid valeric, 110; 134; 415; 778 1113; 1181; M/119; A/136
Acid valeric, ethereal salts of, A/162; A/178; A/230
1108 Albumen, oily, 658
Acid volatile, 720; 778 Albumen, vegetable, 50
Acid yellow, 806 Albumin, 162, 692; 705; 878;
Acid zizyphic, 1316; 1318 903; 1015; 1020; 1241; (frac-
Aconine, 24 tion B, 1241); 1287; A/189;
Aconitic acid, 26 A/220
Aconitina, 1074 Albuminoid principle, 1057
Aconitine, 24; 28 Albuminoids, 1; 39; 63; 87; 90
Acoretin, (choline); 35 95; 104; 106; 109; 122; 146
Acorin, 35 180; 210; 218; 222; 223; 232
A-costene, 1108 274; 278; 298; 304; 305; 307
Acrid brown oil, 96 309; 311; 312; 335; 381; 407
Acrid oil (cardol), 96 412; 414; 419; 421; 441; 449
Acrid principle, 116; 876 450; 458; 460; 461; 462; 477
Acrid substance, violet, 1277 507; 526; 544; 557; 584; 588
A-crocetin, 390 595; 602; 653; 667; 684; 696
Actinodaphnine, 38 697; 698; 722; 726; 734; 751
Active principles, 176; 400; 475; 766; 806; 822; 873; 879; 880
736; 1097; 1108 881; 896; 897; 898; 899; 923
 670 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

924; 929; 931; 938; 939; 942 Alkaline sulphates, 8; 134; 226;
957; 977; 1014; 1050; 1066; 662
1081; 1095; 1130; 1131; 1152 Alkaloidal principle, 282; 420;
1154; 1165; 1191; 1214; 1226 (content, 487); crystalline,
1234; 1241; 1246; 1298; 1305 529)-; 667; 857
1306; 1308; M/26; M/27 Alkaloidal substance, 778; 1020
(case in, A/172 & 178). Alkaloidal yield, 1051
Albuminous carbonate, 39 Alkaloids, 4; 19; 20; 26; 58;
Albuminous compounds, (phenolic & non-phenolic,
(See:—^nitrogenous com- 59); 62; 87; 95; 98; 102; 114;
pounds), 506 116; 130; 138; 139; 145; 161;
Albuminous matter, 121; 122 179; 187; 203; 225; 226; 255;
152; 179; 423; 428; 597; 662 266; 267; (volatile, 268); 290;
688; 720; 761; 980; 1168 292; 296; 298; (crystalline,
A/197 299); 300 304; 309; 314; 333;
Albuminous principle, 1012 336; 354; 362; (bitter, 369);
Albuminous substances—see: 385; 388; 394; 395; 415; 428;
—Albuminoids; Albumin- 430; 442; 443; 444; 445; 448;
ous matter; Albuminous (toxic, 449 & 451); 454; 465;
principle. 474; 478; 486; 512; 524; 526;
Albumoses, 5; A/173; A/220 531; 534; 543; 548; 557; 560;
Alcohol, 59; 513; 933; 1287; 572; 579; (bitter, 580); 585;
M/25; A/170 (crystalline, 586); 591; 592;
Alcoholic beverage, 146 609; 612; (toxic, 616); 617;
Alcoholic extract, 336; 952; 622; 624; 633; (non-oxyge-
(absolute, 1105); 1157 nated, 635); (toxic, 656);
Alochol, non-volatile, called 667; 670; 672; 683; 685; 689;
'Cardol' 1119 701; 703; 714; 718; 720; 721;
Alcohol 2 d-pinene, 381 739; 740; 748; 749; 750; 755;
Alcohol soluble constituents, 770; 771; (bitter, 777); 778;
1099 794; 798; 807; (white crystal-
Aldehyde, 14; 110; 328; 513; line, 811); 817; 848; 858; 869^
570; (isovaleric) 1099 (amorphous, 872); 892;i
Aliphatic oil, 479 (oily, 897); 900; 901; 903;
Alizarin, (See:—Orange-red) (mucilaginous, 926); 927;
' 610; 1076 (narcotic, 932); 934; 937;
Alkali, 597; 822; 1040; 1181; 940; (slightly bitter acrid,
M/124 952); 953; 965; (volatile,
Alkaline carbonates, 226; 366; 969); 987; 995; 1002; 1008;
1181 1009; (bitter, 1010); (total,
Alkaline chlorides, 226; 1199 1023); (liquid (1032); 1056;
Alkaline liquid, colourless, 851 1088; 1092; (bitter crystall-
Alkaline nitrates, 804; 1165 ine, 1093); 1097; 1106; 1108;
Alkaline oil, colourless, 850 1114; 1117; 1118; 1125; 1126;
Alkaline phosphates, 134; 366; 1135; (poisonous crystalline,
823 1142); 1150; 1157; 1160; (bit-
Alkaline salts, 134; 176; 869; ter, 1162); (toxic & total,
A/162 1175); 1176; (bitter, 1189);
 INDEX 671

1190; 1197; 1214; 1220; 1228; Amorphous principle, 994

1230; 1234; 1253; 1261; 1263; Amorphous product, 1218
1268; (whitish crystalline, Amorphous substance, white,
1271); 1274; 1278; 1281; 1282; 1104
1290; (bitter 1292); 1303; Amorphous very bitter mass,
A/22Q. 243
Alkatorit, 1260 Amorphous yellow powder,
Allantoin, 987 582; 1268
Allyl, 65; 537 Amygdalin, 743; 1012; 1015;
AUyl cyanide, 71 1016; 1038
Allyl isothiocyanate, (see: — Amyrin, 253
Volatile oil) 71; 1140 Anacardic acid, 96; 1119
Allyl persulphide, 537 Anacardol (Monohydroxy-
Aloetic acid, 75 phenol), 1119 see also: —
Aloin, 73; 75; 76 Semecarpol, 1120)
Alpha, 444 Anamirtin, 99
Alpha-cellulose, (see: — Andromedo-toxin, 1060; 1074
Cellulose) 878 Anemonin, 112; 1049
Alpha Gisekia, 578 Anethine, 935
Alpha paederine, 892 Anethol, 253
Alpha-resin (mastichic acid), Anethole, (see:—Anise cam-
974 phor) 558; 955
Alpinin, 77 Angelic esters of isobutyl, anyl
Alstonamine, 83 & hexyalcohols, 118
Alstonine, 81 Anhydro-derrid, 445
Althaein, 85 Animal or Organic matter, >
Alum, 1287 • A/157
Alumina, 173; 823; 1214; M/17; Anise aldehyde, 955
M/26; M/99; A/211 Anise camphor or Anethole or
Aluminium, 778; 976; 1199 Anethol, 955
Aluminium salts, 1199 Anthemene, 118
Ambrein, A/139 Anthemene-a-hydrocarbon,
Aminoacids, 125; 126; 545; 118 '
A/173 Anthemic acid, 118
Aminoalkyl quinolines, 322 Anthemol, 118
Aminoalkylquinolinium salts, Anthraquinone, 284; 597
322 Anthraquinone derivatives,
Amino-compounds, 1154 1057
Ammonia, 50; 478; 1182; 1258; Antiaresin, (crystalline i-esin)
A/197; A/232 128
Ammonium, 851; 1197 Antiarol, 128
Ammonium salts, 904 Antimony oxide, A/153
Amorphous and crystalline A-picrasmin, 1040
substance, 778 Apiin, 119; 127; 934
Amorphous euphorbia resin, Apiol, 934; 935
528 Aplotaxene, 1108
Amorphous powder, vellow, Apoconessine, 635
582; 1268 Apoil, 119
 672 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Apomorphine, 910 354; 363; 366; 379; 381; 390

Aporeine, 900 400; 407; 411; 412; 419; 421
Appin, 934 428; 430; 435; 441; 449; 450
Aqueous extract, 573; 952; 953 452; 457; 458; 460; 461; 462
Arabic acid, 9; 855 472; 474; 475; 477; 503; 506
Arabin, 1308 519; 520; 536; 538; 542; 543
Arachic acid, 122 544; 548; 557; 562; 570; 573
Aracidic (arachic) acid, 122; 581; 584; 585; 588; (Solubk
1002 & Insoluble, 591); 597; 612
Arakene, 961 632; 653; 670; 684; 696; 697
Arbutin, 570 698; 699; 705; 720; 722; 734
Arecaidine, 130 743; 751; 758; 761; (inso
Arecaine, 130 luble, 765); (soluble, 765)
Arecoline, 130 766; 778; 799; 801; 804; 806
Argemone oil, 133 807; 811; 822; 823; 830; 851
Arginine, 125; 126; 368 855; 868; 873; 878; 879; 880
"^lAristolochine, 140 881; 896; 897; 898; 899; 904
Aromadendrene, 513; 933 923; 924; 926; 929; 930; 931
Aromatic body, 454 938; 939; 940; 957; 969; 976
Aromatic oil, 66; 139; (acrid, 977; 1012; 1014; 1020; 1032
699) (Volatile, 1072); (alkaline, 1047); 1050; 1051
Arsenate (of copper), 'M/48 1052; 1066; 1081; 1092; 1095
Arsenate of Iron, M/16 1108; 1113; 1114; 1117; 1120
Arsenate of cobalt, M/16 1127; 1130; 1131; 1147; 1152
Arsenate of Nickel, M/16 1154; 1157; 1165; 1169; 1170
Arsenic, M/14 1176; 1184; 1187; 1191; 1196
Arsenical Ores, M/16 1199; 1211; 1214; 1226; 1234
Arsenic oxide, 608; 744 1241; 1245; 1246; 1247; 1257
Arsenious acid, commercial, 1260; 1267; 1268; 1271; 1273
1286; 1305; 1306; 1308
M/16 M/25; M/26; M/136; A/138
Artabotrine, 141 A/139; A/156; A/162; A/192
Ajrtemisin, 142 A/197; A/211
A-Santalol, 1099
Asarone, 36 Asparagin, (see: — Aspar^-
Asaryl-aldehyde, 35 gine) 8; 152; 153; 520; 556;
Ascaridoles, 306 582; 987; 1154; 1155.
Asclepiadin, 151 Asparagine, 656; 842
Asclepine, 151 Asperulosid, 563
Asclepione, 243 Astringent matter, 285; 995
Ash, 1; 4; 8; 9; 11; 14; (alka- Astringent principle, 119;
line, 21); 26; 45; 61; 63; 75; (colouring, 699); 701; 857;
90; 95; 102; 103; 104; 106; 876; 1108; 1119; 1206
109; 122; 134; 141; 146; 152; Atisine, 26
179; 213; 217; 218; 222; 223; Atropine, 161; 435; 440
226; 232; 245; 268; 274; 278; Atropural, 520
282; 284; 287; 296; 298; 300; Atropurpurin, 520
302; 304; 307; 309; 311; 312; A-truxilline, 510
313; 328; 335; 339; 342; 352; A-turpinene, 306
 INDEX 673

Aucubin, (rhinanthin), 530; Benzyl-aconine, 24

980; 986; 1270; 1271 Benzyl-alcohol, 14; 1100
Aurantiamarin, 339 Benzyl-isoquinoline group, 905
Australol, 513 Berbamine, 191
Avenin, 162 Berberine, 133; 134; 187; 189
Ayapanin, 521 ^ 191; 356; 384; 531; 542; 662:
Azulene, 772 (compound of, 1213); 1221
1222; 1302
Beta, 444
Beta-cellulose ( see: —Cellu-
Babomeol, 381 lose) 878
B-acid, 444 Beta^Gisekia, 578
Bahmanine, 1093 Betain, 1241
Bahamine, 299 Betaine, 173; 587
Balsam, 1303 Beta paederine, 892
Balsamic extractive, M/139 Beta-resin or Mastichjne, 974
Balsamic liquid, 14 Betel oil, 961
Balsamic principle, 45 Betel-phenol (chavi betol) 96L
B-antiarin, 128 Betin, 197
Barbaloin, 76 Betulin, 198
Barium, 709 Bhilawanol, 1120
Barringtonin, If 6; 177 Bichaconitine, 30
Baryta, M/132 Bihidrate of Cajuputine, 775
Basic hydrogen, M/124 Bihydrochloride of cinchoni-
Basic substance, 1292 dine, 1046
Basic substance isomeric with Bihydrochloride of cinchonine,,
hyoscyamine, i.e., pseudo- 1046
hyoscyamine or Mandrago- Bihydrochloride of quinidine,,
rine, 764 1046
Bassia oil, 181 Bihydrochloride of quinine,
Bassorin, 96 1046
B-costene, 1108 Bimalate of Lime, 973
B-crocetin, 390 Bisulphide of carbon, 765
Bebeerine, 334 Bisulphide of Iron, M/66
Behenic acid, 811 Bitter extractive matter, 50;
Benzaldehyde, 14; 86; 33l; 1097 (principle, 504); (extract,
Benzene-hydrocarbon, 513 736); 840
Benzene-nuclei, 761 Bitter principle, 45; 167; 170;
Benzoates, M/24 179; 181; 189; (crystalline,
Benzoic acid, 316; 464; 487; 200); 219; 220; (non-alkaloi-
585; 683; 747; 1002; 1182; dal, 226; 227); (yellow,
M/24; M/25; M/26; M/27 245); (neutral, 265); (non-
Benzoic aldehyde, 1012 alkaloidal, 289; (resinous,
Benzoin, 1182; 1183 296); 304; 335; 336; 352; 356;
Benzol, 765 377; 390; 434; 485; (amor-
Benzoyl aldehyde, 1016. phous, 520); 579; (neutral,.
Benzoyl derivative, 1002 596); 676; 683; (gelatinous,.
Benzoyl-ecgonine, 510 751); 770; 778; 793; 804; 827;
674 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

952; 1040; (toxic, 1061); Butyrate, 1261

1096; 1161; (amorphous, Butyric acid, 36; 285; 306; 396;
1184); (astringent, 1188); 585; 778
(amorphous, 1196, 1238); Butyric aldehydes, 514
1222; 1257; 1267; 1277; Butyric ethers of turpeneol,
(crystalline, 1302) 775
Bitter substance, 57; 140; 171; Buxinamine, 225
187; 229; 234; (yellow, 242); Buxine, 225
294; 302; 313; (crystalline, Buxinidine, 225
360); 534; 564; (toxic, 626);
656; 675; 695; 708; (amor-
phous, 736); 758; 777; (yel-
lowish, 777); 796; 875; Cacao-butter, (fat), 1214
(toxic, 951); 953; 1002; Cacao-red, 1214
(crystalline, 1055); 1060; Caffeic acid, 368
(toxic, 1061); (toxic, 1097); Caffeine, 248; 366; 368; 1169;
1109; 1113; (crystalline, 1214; A/183
1168); (amorphous, 1212); Cafleol, 366
1221, 1222; 1268 Caffeotannic acid, 368
Bixin, 200 Cajuputol, 775
B-kosin, 213 Calamene, 36
Black oxide (Cupric oxide), Calamenenol, 38
M/48 Calameone, 36
Black pigment, 1205 Calameone asarone, 36
Bland oil, 96; (fixd, 213; 758); Calamine, 35
1219 Calcareous matter (white),
Bonducin, 227; 229 543; A/158
Bomeol, 425; 466; 1309 Calcium, 9; 743; 778; 824; 851;
Bornyl acetate, 933 1018; 1146; 1287; A/173;
Bomyl isovalerianate, 1261 A/175; A/189; A/192
B-picrasmin, 1040 Calcium benzoate, M/25
B-pinene, 933 Calcium carbonate, 8; 45; 170;
Brahmine, 624 474; 1199; A/210; A/211
Brasilin, 231 Calcium caseinate, A/172
Breidin, 253 Calcium compounds, 1199;
Brein, 253 A/172
Bromelin, 99 Calcium oxalate (Ca-oxalate),
Bromides, 1181 179; 273; 284; 474; 526; 597;
Bromine, A/214; A/231 717; 796; 999; 1017; 1057;
Brucine, 1173; 1174; 1175; 1181 1079; 1083; 1113; 1258
Bryoidin, 253 Calcium phosphate, 170; 289;
Bryonin, 219; 220; 377 1012; 1197; A/153; A/172;
B-Santalol, 1099 A/189
B-truxilline, 510 Calcium salts, 597; 869; 904;
Bursine, 267 1196; 1199
Butaldehyde, 513 Calcium sulphate, 289; M/108
Butter (fat). A/172 Caldium, 582
Butyl-butyrate, 513 Calendulin, 234
 INDEX 675

Calophony, 958 309; 312; 381; 407; 421; 441

Calotropin, 238 449; 458; 461; 477; 507; 584:
Camphene, 36; 466; 933; 1108; 684; 696; 722; 734; 751; 806
1309 879; 880; 881; 898; 924; 931
Campheride, 77 938; 940; 942; 977; 1050
Camphor, 78; 201; 788 1081; 1152; 1154; 1165; 1234
Camphoric acid, 250 1241; 1246; 1305; A/192
Camphor-like body, 1222 Carbolic acid, 570; A/147
Camphor-resin, 835 Carbon, 230; A/136; A/219
Canabinon, 257 Carbon anhydride, 823
Canadine, 662 Carbonate of Calcium, A/159
Cane-sugar, (See: — Saccha- Carbonate of Copper, M/48
rine matter) 26; 180; 363; Carbonate of Iron, M/54
452; 611; 758; 1083; 1194 Carbonate of Lime, M/41;
Cannabene, 257 A/163; 226; 1184; A/157
Cannabene hydride, 257 Carbonates of calcium & So-
Cannabin, 257 dium, 1199
Cannabinin, 257 Carbonate of magnesia, 1184
Cannabinine, 257 Carbonate of potash, 39; 375;
Cannabinol, 257 823; 1184
Cannabinolactone, 258 Carbonate of Soda, 39; 823;
Caoutchouc, 176; 179; (free, 1187; M/lOO; M/102
238); 244; (free from M-al Carbonate of Zinc, M/131;
ban & M. fiuavil, 244); 522 M/132
524; 526; 529; 544; 548; 550 Carbon bisulphide, 789
552; (like substance, 674) Carbon dioxide, 778; A/172
801; 802; 903; 1189 Carbon disulphate, 892
Ca-oxalate, (See:—Calcium Carbonic acid, 1258; A/170
Oxalate) Carboxylic acids, 321
Capric acid, 265 Cardol (Acrid oil), 96; (See:
Caproic acid, 415 —Non-volatile alcohol,
Caprylic acid, 363 1119)
Capsacin, 268 Carene, 958
Capsicin, 268 Carica fat-acid, 274
Capsularin, 377 Caricin 274
Carbamido-quinolines, 322 Carmine, A/155 & 156; (See:
Carbohydrates, 104; 106; 109 —Carminic acid)
134; 232; 278; 298; 381; 428 Carminic acid, (See:—Car-
450; 452; 526; 544; 595; 597 mine) A/155 & 156
696; 697; 698; 766; 824; 873 Carmiric acid, A/156
878; 897; 923; 929; 1017 Carobic acid, 1011
1127; 1130; 1154; 1191; 1226 Carobin, 1011
1267; A/176; A/178; A/193 Carobone, 1011
Carbohydrates (digestible), Carpaine, 274
103; 146; 421; 458; 503; 581; Carpestrol, 1157
930; 1131; 1273; 1306 Carposide, 274
Carbohydrates (soluble), 1; Carthamin, 278
63; 87; 90; 95; 218; 232; 307; Carthamite, 278
676 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Carthartin, 289; 291 Ceropegine, 304

Carvacrol, 371 Cerotic acid, A/151
Carvene, 855 Ceryl alcohol, A/151
Carvol, (Carvone), 935 Cerylic alcohol, 513
Carvone, (See also:—Carvol) Cetin, A/154
408; 409; 855; 935 Cetyl palmitate, A/154
Caryophyllic acid, 836 Chalk, M/41
Caryophyllene, 328; 836 Chatinine, 1260; 1261
Caryophyllin, 835; 836 Chaulmoogric acid, 601 or
Casein, (See:—Albuminoids), Chaulmugric acid, 658
A/172; A/173; A/178; A/179; Chaulmugric acid, 658
A/189 or Chaulmoogric acid, 601
Casein-ammonium, A/178 Chavi b e t o l ' (betel-phenol),
Caseine, 705 961
Castine, 1277 Chavicin, 969
Castorin, A/147 Chavicol, 961
Gasuarin, 293 Chebulinic acid, 1206
Catalase, 363 Cheiranthin, 304
Catechin, 11; 513; 1105; 1254 Cheirinine, 304
Catechol, 660; 1119; 1120 Cheirolin, 304
Catechu, 130 Chemical sugar (See:—Dex-
Catechuic acid, 11 trin or Dextrine)
Catechu red, 11; 1254 Cheroonjee oil, 222
Catechu-tannic acid, 11; 1025; Chichorigenin, 299
1254 Chinic or Quinic acid, 316
Cathartic acid, 281; 287; 953; Chinovic acid, 316
1047; 1055 Chinovin, 316
Cathartin, 287; 379 Chiratin, 573; 1184
Catharto-mannit, (See:— Chirkhestite, 386
Sennit) 287 Chironji oil, 222
Catharto-sennit, 287 Chloral, 1181
Caustic soda, M/lOO Chloride of Calcium, 743;
Cellular gelatinous-tissue, A/197; A/220
A/158 Chloride of magnesium, 743
Cellulose, (See:—Gamma cel- Chloride of Potassium, 39; 99;
lulose) 61; 152; 162; 176 622; 743; 823; 1287; A/163;
179; 180; 278; 289; 313; 368 A/197
452; 472; 557; 597; 602;'608 Chloride of Soda, 591-
632; 653; 720; 761; 765; Chloride of Sodium (Sodium
878; (See:—Alpha, Beta & Chloride), 39; 99; 1287;"
Gamma celluloses); 1017; M/91; M/lOO; A/197
1130; 1214; 1226; 1267; 1305 Chlorides, 8; 153; 203; 851;
Cephaeline, 1023 869; A/197; 1157; M/26
Cerbetin, 302 Chlorides, of alkali metals,
CereaHn, 1245 1199
Ceridin, 1299 Chlorine, 310; 591; 822; 823;
Cerinor, A/151 1092; M/14; (compound,
Cerolein, A/151 A/172)
 INDEX G77

Chloroform, 227; 812; 1268; 331

M/25; M/27 ' Cinnamic methyl ester, 1302
Chlorogenate of potassium, Cinnamyl acetate, 328
368 Cinnamyl cocaine, 510
Chlorophyll, 19; 102; 517; 526; Cinnamyl ester (of A. amy-
562; (a & b, 597); 717; 720; rin), 128
765; 775; 787; 876; 986; 1017; Cissampeline, 334
1039; 1266 Citral, 104; 105; 513
Chloroxyline, 309 Citrate of Potash, 339
, Chloroxylonme, 309 Citrate of potassium, 342; 851
Cholesterin, 296; purified, Citrates, 816; 1258
A/137; A/138; A/147; A/197 Citrene, 348
Cholesterol, (See:—Phytoste- Citric acid, 191; 274; 339; 342;
rol); 245; 667 345; 347; 536; 761; 765; 838;
ChoUn, 1241 • 873; 876; 903; 950; 1014;
Choline, 35; 130; 173; 587; 656; 1065; 1078; 1155; 1191; 1222;
670; 1241 1287
Chondrin, A/136 Citrol, 104; 348
Christembine, 478 Citronella-aldehyde, 1222
Chromogen, 588 Citronellal, 348; 513; 791; 1222
Chrysamic acid, 75 Citronelol, 110
Chrysanthemin, 311 Citrullm, 338;
Chrysin, 1005 Clay, M/108
Chrysophan (Chrysophanic Coagulum, A/219
acid); 1057 Cobalt, M/16
Chrysophan (Senna-crol), 287 Cocaine, 510; 512; 961
Chrysophanic acid, (See:—, Coccerin, A/156
Chrysophan, Rumicin, Sen- Cocculin, 99
nacrol) 100; ^ 8 3 ; 284; 286; Cochtone, 552
287; 289; 290; 291; 922; 1057; Cocinic acid, 600
1059; 1079; 1080 Codamine, 903
Cichoriin, 313 Codeine, 903; 905; 907; 908;
Cimicifugine, 314; 315 909
Cinchona-red, 316 Codrin, 57
Cinchonidine, 315; 316; 317; Coffeo-tannic acid, 366
318; 320; 321; 1044 Coicin, 368
Cinchonine, ' 315; 316; 317; Colchiceine acid, 369
318; 320; 321; 1044 Colchicine, 369
Cincho-tannic acid, 316; 674 Colin, A/163
Cinchotenidine, 321 Colloidal particles, A/173
Cinchotenine, 321 CoUoturine, 1187
Cineol, 1309 Colocynthein (a resin), 335
Cineole, 78; 93; 415; 475; Colocynthetin, 335
(eucalyptol, 513); 1309 Colocynthin, 335; 751; 1238
Cinnamate of cinnamyl, 747 Colocynthitin, 335
Cinnamic acid, 86; 328; 464; Colouring matter, 14; 39; 63
747; 1182 109; 153; yellow 200); 265
Cinnamic aldehyde, 86; 328; (red, 268); (yellow, 278)
 678 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

281; 285; 289; (red, 291); Crocin, 390

293; 296; 310; (brown, 352); Crotalin, A/228
(crystalline, 390); (yellow, Crotonic acid or Quartenylic
414); 415; 445; 475; 478; 562; cid, 396
577; 588; 597; 602; (yellow, Croton oil, 396
622); 632; (yellow, 692; Crotonol, 396
699); (red, 699); 731; 761; Crotonoleic acid, 396
(yellow, 765); 778; 787; 801; Croton-resin, 396
802; 827; 857; 903; 973; 1026; Crude cannabinol, 258
1Q47; (red, 1072); 1075; Crude fibre, 14; 304; 412; 419;
1078; 1092; (red, 1114); 878; 1308
1143; (yellow, 1164; 1176); Crude thymol, (ajwan-ka-
(red, 1187); (yellow, dye phul) (flowers of Ajowan
1191); 1199; 1203; (brown- camphor), 1028
ish yellow, 1206); 1214; Cryptol, 513
1238; (yellow, 1241); 1275; Cryptopine, 903
'v 1278; 1292; A/155; A/192; Crystalline body, 848
A/230; (red, 5; 230; 673; Crystalline colourless needles,
674) 851
Colouring principle, 139; (as- Crystalline compound, 1156
tringent, 699); 828; 1254 Crystalline compound of em-
Columbin, 704; (snake-poison, belic acid, 478
A/221) Crystalline concretions, 597
Commercial arsenious acid, Crystalline constituent of the
M/16 oil, 1002
Common salt, (See:—Salt, Crystalline cyanogenetic glu-
common) A/178 coside, 602
Conessine, 635/ 636; 637 Crystalline deposits, white,
Conhydrine, 375 1197
Coniferin (glucoside), 2 Crystalline hydrocarbon, 1062
Conine, 1056 Crystalline insoluble sub-
Convolvulin, 688; 691 stance, 1026
Convovulin, 375 Crystalline matter, solid, 627
Copper, 775; 824; M/14 Crystalline organic base, 561 ,
Corchogenin, 377 Crystalline principle, 231
Corchorin, 377 (bitter, 339); 366; (neutral
Coriandrol (linalcol) 381 445); (alkaloidal, 529); 543
Costic acid, 1108 611; (glucoside, 809); 949
Costol, 1108 (acrid, 989^ 1051: (red, 1075)
Costus lactone, 1108 (bitter, 1139); 1196; (bitter.
Cotarnine, 322; 911 1302)
Cotamine hydrochloride, Crystalline product, 331
(stypticin) 910 Crystalline protein, 128
Cotamine phthalate, 911 Crystalline red principle, 1026
Coumarin, 620; 674; 786; 1015 Crystalline resin, (See:—Anti-
Cravin, 545 aresin) 128
Cream of Tartar, 717 Crystalline sohd body, 1302
Crepitin, 656 Crystalline, stearoptin, (See:
 INDEX 679

—Stearoptin, crystalline) D-a-phellandrene, 415

620 D-a-pinene, 933
Crystalline substance, 213; Darutine, 1139
(acrid, 268); (bitter, 360); Datiscin, 434; 1298
578; (oleaginous white, 662); Daturina-daturin, 435
(white, 699); 761; (amor- Daturine, 435
phous, 778); 836; 1028; 1127; D-Borneol, 415; 933
A/147 D-camphor, 331
Crystallisable acid, 1318 D-coniine, 374
Crystallisable principle, 85; Dead beetle, (or P u p a ) , A/166
620; 1316 Delphinine, 443
Crystallisable substances, 361 Delpho-curarine, 443
Crystals (intensely bitter yel- Demulcent substance, 615
low); 101 D-ephedrine, 490
Crystine, A/173 Derrid, 445
Crytal, 513 Derrin, 445
Cubebic acid, 400 Deutero-albumoses, A/220
Cubebin, 400 Dextrin, 274; 830; 1194;
Cucurbitine, 186 (See: — Chemical sugar,
Cumene, 1028 1245); 1267
Cumic aldehyde, 170; 408 Dextrine, 366
Cuminol, 408 Dextro-cocaine, 510
Cupric oxide (black oxide), Dextro-rotatory terpene, 307
M/48 Dextrose, (See: —Grape-sugar;
Cuprous oxide (Red oxide), Glucose); 1140; A/192
M/48 Diacetyl of Hydrobhilawanol,
Curagin, 410 1120
Curcin, 705 Diastases, 961
Curcumic acid, 416 Diastatic ferment, 1245
Curcumin, 414; 415 Dibenzoyl hydrobhilawanol,
Curcumin arabins, 419 1120
Curcumone, 415 ^ Dibromide, 377
Cuscohygrine, 510 Dichroin, 447
Cuscutine, 420 Dictamnolacton, 448
Cyanogenetic glucose, 769 Diffusible non-coagulable al-
Cyanomaclurin, 146 bumose A/221 (See:—Non-
Cyclamin, 423 coagulable almumose, dif-
Cydonin, 1038 fusible)
Cymene, 250; 306; 307; 348; Digitaline, 848
408; 513; 855 Dihydrazone (from Embehc
Cymol, 250; 408 acid), 478
Cystine, 125; 255; A/173 Di-hydrocostus lactone, 1108
Cytolysin, A/221 Di-hydroxy-benzoic acid, 588
Dihydroxyphenyl cotamine
hydrochloride, 911
Dihydroxy stearic acid, 179;
Daemine, 430 1002
Daillyl disulphide, 66 Dikenali, 569
 680 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Dill apiol, 935; (See:—Dill Ecliptine, 469; 470

apion; 936) ' Edible matter, 517; 944; 1287
Dill apion, 936; (See:—Dill Edible oil, 121; 628
apiol, 935) 8-B-aminoalkyl-aniido-quino-
Dimethiodide, 635 lines, 323
Dimethosulphate of Conessine, Elaterin, 467
635 Elemic acid, 253
Dimethylamine, 1241 EUagic acid, 517; 1032
Dimethyl-amino-styrryl- Embelic acid, (see:—Mono-
quinolines, 322 semicarbazone;)
Dimethyl Ether, 1120 & oxime 478
Dimethyl-phloro-glucin, 761 Embelin, 479
Di-pentene, 170; 1302 Emetic principle, 150; 403;
Dipicrate, 635 1275
Disecomicarbazone (from Em- Emetine, 1023; 1275
•belic acid), 478 Emodin, (See: — Trioxy-me-
thylanthra-quinone) 76; 287,
filisulphate of quinia or quinine,
1045 289; 290; 291; 1057; 1059;
Ditain, 80 1079; 1266
Ditamine, 80; 83; 448 Empyreumatic oil, 368; 670
D-limonene, 855; 935 Emulsin, 1012; 1015
Double salt of Margosine and Enulin, 313
soda, 777 Enzyme, 98; (fat-splitting, 5);
D-pinene, 78 (proteolytic, 173); (diastatic
D-pseudo-ephedrine, 490 & emulsifying, 173); 180
Dregein, 465 181; (digestive, 274); 300
D-sabinene, 415 363; 458; 465; 524; 545; 597
Dulcamarin, or Picroglycion, 620; 1140; A/189
1148 Enzyme-urease, 458
Dulrite, 520 Ephedrine, 487; 490; 1135
Dye, 11; 40; 223; (red, 927); Ephedrine oxalate or Oxalate
(yellow, 1011; 1191) of Ephedrine, 490
Dy-ephedrine, 490 Epithelial debris, A/220
Dy-pseudo-ephedrine, 490 Ericolin, 570; 1060; 1061
Erytherine, 508
Erytherine, 507
Essence de petit-grain, 339 '
Earthy salts (calcareous mat- Essential oil, 2; 3; 14; 20; 36
ter) , A/158 55; 56; 63; 79; 80; 92; 93; 101
Ecballin, 467 107; 110; 127; 140; 144
Ecgonine, 510 150; 170; 171; 198; 201; 212
Echicaoutchin, 80 215; 219; 231; 234; 253; 257
Echicerin, 80 272; 279; 280; 284; 296; 305
Echiretin, 80 311; 327; 331; 333; 342; 345
Echitamine, 80; 83 371; 408; 410; 412; 415; 419:
Echitein, 80 428; 448; 456; 463; 464; 475
Echitenine, 80; 83 507; 512; 517; 526; 536; 537:
Echitin, 80 542; 559; 580; 596; 608; 620
 INDEX 681

623; 627; 656; 673; 683, 695; 881; 897; 898; 923; 924; 929.
703; 704; 710; 713; 716; 725; 930; 938; 940; 942; 977; 1050
729; 730; 739; 741; 749; 778; 1081; 1105; 1131; 1152; 1154
788; 793; 811; 830; 831; 834; 1165; 1234; 1241; 1246; 1273
343; 848; 855; 857; (yellowish 1305; 1306
green, 862); 863; 865; 872;Ethyl acetate, M/25
875; 877; 894; 904; Ethyl acetate extract, M/25;
933; 934; 935; 955; M/27
957; 961; 973; 975; 979; Ethyl ether, 1002
993; 997; 999; 1000; 1002;Ethylic ether, 601;
1005; 1008; 1018; 1020; 1028; Ethyl-quitenine, 322
1047; 1050; 1062; 1064; 1079; Eucalyptol (cineole), 513
1081; 1094; 1096; 1099; 1107; Eudesmol, 513
1108; 1142; 1162; 1191; 1212; Eugenic acid, 836
1222; (yellowish green, Eugenin, 835
1222); 1230; (fatty, 1241); Eugenol, 36; 170; 280; 328; 331;
1255; 1259; 1260; 1268; 836; 961; 1018; 1264
(colourless, 1278); 1282; Euonic acid, 520
1302; 1303; 1304; 1308; 1309 Euonymin, 520
Essential volatile oil, 98; (See: Euonymini, 520
—Volatile essential oil); 521; Euonymol, 520
blue, -772); 838; 892; 961; Euonysterol, 520
996; 1018; 1260; 1271 Euphorbin, 522
Ester of asaresino-tannol, 537 Euphorbium, 522
Ester, organic, 1199 Euphorbol, 528
Esters, 513; 570; 609; 933; 1099 Euphorbon, 524; 528; 529
Esters of acetic acid, 36 Evodiamine, 531
Esters of cinchotenidine, 322 Extractive matter, (non-crys-
Esters of cinchotenine, 322 talline) 4; 179; 851
Esters of palmitic acid, 36 Extractive matters, 278; 294;
Esters of quitenidine, 322 379; (extractives, 612); (fra-
Esters of valerianic acid, (See: grant, 807); 876; 944; 1020;
—Iso-valerianic acid), 1260; (extractives, 1057); 1075;
1261 1164; 1189; 1211; (extrac-
Ether, A/170 tives, 1260); (non-tannin)
Ethereal oil, 1097; (Valerianic, A/162
1260); A/192 Extractives principle (bitter),
Ethereal salt of valeric acid, 118; 313
1008 Extractives— See: —Extractive
Ether extract, 1; 63; 87; 90; 95; matters
103; 104; 106; 109; 146; 218; Extract of Indigo, (See:—Sul-
232; (ethereal, 257); 278; phate of indigo), 681
298; 307; 309; 312; (petro-
leum, 336); (sulphuric, 336);
369; 381; 407; 421; 441; 449;
450; 458; 461; 477; 503; 581; Farinaceous matter, (See: —
584; 684; 696; 697; 698; 722; Starch), 404; 406
734; 751; 766; 806; 879; 880; Fat, 26; 61; 122; 130; 162; 176;
44
 682 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

178; 179; 181; 203; 210; 223; 774; (crude, 787); 873; 896
255; 274; 304; 311; 313; 363; 898; 899; 939; 940; 977
366; 392; 411; 413; 428; 452 (vegetable 1039); 1095; 1131
454; 506; 517; 531; 545; 567; 1165; 1191; 1245; 1273
581; 618; 622; 653; 710; 717; Febrin, 275
720; 734; 771; 774; (white Fibrin-ferment, A/221
solid, 811); 818; 822; 830;Filicic acid, 761
834; 844; 851; 872; 873 Fixed essential oil, 153; 248
(crystalline, 876); 878; 903 390' 599 - ,
926; 969; 1017; 1018; 1072 Fixed oil, 4; 61; 186; 217; 226
1083; 1090; 1091; 1092 266; 268; 278; 335; 338; 339
(white, 1103); (liquid, 1127) 354; 381; (fatty, 396); 404
(solid, 1127); 1130; 1143 407; 475; 478; 520; 588; 600
1146; 1154; 1165; 1170; (con- 608; 609; 627; 653; 658; 667
crete oil, 1176); 1191; 1214 670; 705; 709; 743; ,(Wand
1226; 1228; 1230; 1234; 1245 751); 758; (yellow bitter
'•^^ 1273; 1287; 1292; 1298; 1305 \ 777); 793; 795; 796; (fatty
1308; (liquid, A/156); A/162 801); 802; 811; 830; 855
(butter. A/172); A/173 (bland, 903); (fatty, 98'0)
A/174; A/177; A/178; A/179 1002; 1008; 1012; 1015; 1020
A/197; A/216 1046; 1050; 1066; 1096; 1109
Fat oil, 1277 1119; 1120; 1127; 1132; 1140
Fat soluble principles, A/192 1164; 1170; 1191; 1230; 1268
Fatty acid, 268; 306 (crys- 1287; 1305
talline; 385); 396; (crystal- Fixed salts, 602
lizable, 513); 601; 661; 699; Fluavil, 238; 243
(free & volatile, 777); Fluoride, A/159
(gjlycerides of—soluble, in- Fluoride of Potassium, M/93
soluble, 778); (free, 818) Fluorine, M/44; M/124
(fluid, 873); 878; 1002; 1149 Formate, 1261
1150; 1170; 1265; 1266; M/26 Formic acid, 179; 513; 538; 710;
A/156 1258; 1260; A/192
Fatty aromatic body, 662 4-piperazineo-2-methylquino-
Fatty matter, 19; 122; 232; lines, 322
289; 300; 368; 381; 400; 601; 4-piperidino-2-methyl quino-
622; 699; A/156; A/220 hnes, 322
Fenchone, 557 Frangulic acid, 1059
Ferment, 213; . (milk-curdling, Frsxin 559 "•
274); (peptonising, 545); Free Acid, 109; 513; 778; 1099;
(emulsin; 1012) 1277
Ferric chloride, 1157 Free alcohols, 513
Ferric oxide, 597; 692; 700; Free fatty acid, 818
720; 823; M/99 Free Ferulic acid, 538
FeruUc acid, 537 Free glycerides of fatty acids,
Fibre, (See: —woody fibre), 133
122; 146; 222; 278; 311; 421; Free Tartaric acid, 717; 765
428; 458; 460; 462; (ligneous, Free terpineol, 475
475); 477; 544; 581; 653; 734; Fruit-acids, 1316
 INDEX 683"-

Fruit-sugar or Levulose, A/192 354; 363; 366; 368; 445; 448

Fumaric acid, 561 453; 474; 588; 597; 602; 692
Fumarine, 561 778; 844; 903; 953; 1012
Fungic acid, 50 1103; 1113; 1157; 1164; 1194
Furfural, 836 1218; 1267; 1287; A7183
Glucosidal body, 1199
Glucosidal principle, 550; 1148
Glucosides, 5; 20; 45; 56; 62;
Galactose, 765; 1157 (apiin, 127); 150; 170; (Cya-
Galangin, 77; 80 nogenetic, 173); 176; 177:
Galena, (Lead sulphide), M/14 202; 216; 219; 223; 227; 228
Gallic acid, 130; 20R; 223; 248 265; 267; 274; 284; 286; 291
369; 505; 517; 526; 577; 765 293; 296; 299; 302; 304; 311
822; 859; 975; 999; 1025 313; (colourless crystalline,
1042; 1057; 1072; 1113; 1161 313); 316; 333; 335; (crystal-
1197; 1206 line, 342); 385; 386; 390; 410;
Gallo-tannic acid, 836; 975; 423; (bitter, 430); 434; 445;
1025; 1042; 1203 (crystalline, 447); (poison-
Gambier, 1254 ous, 450); 465; 467; 472; 486;
Gambier-fluorescein, 1254 517; 524; 530; 559; 562; 563;
Gammas-cellulose, (See:—Cel- 586; 588; 596; 597; (crystal-
lulose), 878 line cyanogenetic, 602); 609
Ganiol, 108 <» 619; 634; 673; 675; 679; 681
Garancin, 1076 687; 688; 691; 695; 724; 725
Gardenin, 568; 569 731; 744; 750; 751; (bitter
Garjanic acid, 456 771); 772; 777; 785; 786
Gaultherilene, 570 (yellow, 787); 792; 797; 806
Gelatine, 52; A/230 (crystalline principles, 809)
Gelatinous matter, A/197 810; (bitter; 820); 821; 827
Gelatin, pure, A/136 843; 848; (toxic, 855); 869
Gelose, 572 (crystalline ' bitter, 876)
Gentian bitter, 573 877; 894; (tbxic, 897); 901
Gentianic acid, 573 (bitter, 925); 927; 934; 938
Gentiopicrin, 573; 1186 953; 979; 980; 986; 993; 1005
Geranin, 576 1011; 1012; 1016; 1026; 1037
Geraniol, 339; 381; 513 1038; 1057; 1061; 1072; 1076
Geranyl-acetate, 513 1077; 1081; 1089; (crystalline,
Gingerin, 1309 1090); 1091; 1096; (cyano-
Gingerol (Yellow pungent genetic, 1096; 1097)-; 1108
body), 1309 1113; (cyanogenetic, 1114)
"Gliadin", 162 1115; 1118; 1140; 1143
Globulin (fraction A ) , 5; 878; poisonous, 1148); 1166; 1169
1241; A/220; A/228 1171; 1172; 1174; 1715; (yel-
Gloriosine, 579 low bitter, 184); 1188; (crys-
Gluco-alkaloid, 1156; 1157 talline white, 1218); (poison-
"Glucokenin", 300 ous, 1219); 1228; 1239; 1240;
Glucose, (See also Grape (bitter, 1251); (inactive,
. S u g a r ) , 13; 39; 92; 184; 316; 1257); (toxic amorphous,
684 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

1257); 1260; 1261; 1262; triricinolein), lOGvJ

1267; 1270; 1271; 1272; 1275; Glycerides of Stearic acid, 217;
1298 227; 228; 396
Glucotaijnic acid, 1199 Glycerides of unsaturated fatty
Gluten, 285; 1012; 1146; 1244; acids, 957
(cells, 1245) \ Glycerides of volatile acids,
Gluten albumin, (See:—Pro- 396
teid compound) 653 Glycerin, A/230
Glutenin, 878 Glycerine, 653; A/163
Glutinous body, 1196 (See: — Glyceryl, 743
Glutinous substance) Glyceryl acetate, 1100
Glutinous substance (See: — Glyceryl esters, 601
Glutinous body) 1276 Glycol anhydride oil, 306
Glycerides of acids, 227; 1306 Glycyrrhizin, 5; 582
Glycerides of brassic acid, 217 Glyoxalino-quinoline; 322
•Glyceride of butyric acid, Gold, M/14
A/178 Gold leaf, M/35
Glyceride of caprinic acid, Gossypetin, 588
A/178 Gossypol, 588
Glyceride of caprylic acid, Grape-sugar (See also Glu-
A/178 cose; Dextrose) 153; 545;
Glyceride of carponic acid, 710; 1287; A/192
A/178 Grass oil of Nemaur, 108
Glyceride of dihydroxy-stearic Groscopine, 903
acid, 1066 Guanine, 1083
Glycerides of erucic acid, 217 GuanosLne, 366
Glycerides of fatty acids, Gum, 4; 9; 11; 14; 39; 50 (red)
(soluble; insoluble, 778); 52; 57; 85; 96; 130; 146; 153
818 157 170; >; 179; 184; 210; 223
Glyceride of free fatty acid, 255 285;i; 289; 294; 296; 300
818 304 335;5; 352; 363; 369; 379
Glycerides of lauric acid, 363; 385 400;); 408; 412; 413; 414
396 419 423;); 428; 445; 457; 505:
Glycerides of linoleic acid, 228: 513 517;J; 522; 524; 529; 538
377; 1127 542 545; i; 556; 562; 565; 582
Glycerides of myristic acid, 622 627;f; 662; 720; 761; 777
363; 396 778 787; J; 789; 790; 804; 811
Glycerides of oleic acid, 217; 836 840;); 842; 851; 859; 903
228; 377; 1127 922 926;>; 949; 965; 969; 1025
Glycerides of palmitic acid, 1032; 1036; 1038; 1039; 1075
227; 228; 363; 396 1090; 1095; 1117; (resin
Glycerides of palmitin & olein, 1132); 1143 (iDrownish
122 1159); 1166; 1167; 1170
Glycerides of ricinoleic acid, 1176; 1167; 1170; 1176; 1183
1066 1184; 1191; 1219; 1234; 1260
Glycerides of ricinoleic & iso- 1264; 1266; 1271; 1287; 1308
ricinoleic acids, (See: — 1318; M/26; M/27
Ricinoleate of glycerol or Gum-benzoin, 1183
 INDEX 685

Gum-mastic, 1062 Hydnocarpic acid, 601; 658;

Gum-resin, 167; 339; 526; 541; 661
542; 563; 565; 872; 1132; Hydrastine, 662
1271 Hydrate of the resin, 777
Gum-wax, 4 Hydrate of silicic acid, 173
Guvacine, 130 Hydro-bromide, 131; 635
Guvacoline, 130 Hydrocarbons, 227; 306; 307;
Gymnemic acid, 597 328; 408; 570; 597; 935; 958;
Gynocardic acid, 600 A/151
Gynocardin, 602 Hydrochloride, 203; 490; 609;
635; 812; 1157
Hydrochloride of the alkaloid,
1135
Haemagglutinin, 5 Hydrocotarnine, 903
Haematin, 231 Hydrocyanic acid, 1014; 1016;
Haematite, M/54 1097
Haematoxylin, 230; 1105 Hydrogen, 231; A/136; A/219
Haemolytic principle, A/221 Hydrogen sulphate, 635
Haemorrhagin, A/221 Hydroquinine, 315; 316; 318
Halogens (as chlorine), 591 Hydroxy acids, 4; 1066
Harmo-tannic acid, 731 Hydroxyl, M/124
Harmal, 928 Hydroxyl groups, 479
Harmaline, 927; 928 Hygriene, 510
Harmalol, 927 Hygrosterol, 667
Harman, 1187 Hyoscine, 435; 440; 670; 1118
Harmatol, 928 Hyoscinic acid, 670
Harmine, 927 Hyosciprin, 670
Harminic acid, 928 Hyoscyamine, 440; 669; 670;
Helleborein, 618 720; 1118
Helleborin, 247; 618; 619; 855 Hyoscyansine, 161
Hemidesmine, 620 Hypericum red, (See:—Red
'Henna' dye, 731 resin), 673
Hentria-contane, 597 Hypobromite of sodium, M/25
Heptylic acid, 35 Hypocyamine, 435
Herein, A/230 Hypogaeic acid or Hypogoeic
Hesperidin, 339; 342; 374 acid, 122; 601
Hetero-albumoses, A/220 Hypogoeic acid or Hypogaeic
Hexone bases, 1241 acid, 601; 122
Hexose, 1157 Hypoxan thine (See also: —
Hippuric acid, M/26; M/27 Sarcine), 366; 403; 653
Hiptagin, 634 Hystidine, A/173
Histamines, 1241
Histidine, 125; 368; 1241
Holarrhenine, 635; 636; 637
Homo-napelline, 24 Igasuric acid, 1175
Homopterocarpin, 1026 Igasurine, 1175
Hormone, 300 Imperialine, 560
Humic Dcid, M/25 Impure carbonate, M/130
68G THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Ind-aconitine, 22; 32 490

Indican, 681 Isomeric with malic acids, 561
Indigo-blue, or Indigotin, 681 Isomeride of Nicotine,— (Nico-
Indigo-red, 681 timine), 850
Indigotin or Indigo-blue, 681 Isomerides, 601
Indigo-white or Luc-indigo, Isomer of borneol, 110
681 Isomers, 1099
Inorganic acid, 543; 811 Isopelletierine 1032
Inorganic matters, 705; 787; Isopyroine, 698
965; (insoluble, 1214) Iso-rhamnetin, 284
Inorganic salts, 339; 1057; Isorottlerin, 761
A/162 Iso-thebaine, 901
Inorganic substances, 363 Isotrifolin, 1240
Inositol, 597 Iso valerianic ac^id, (see: —
Insoluble matter, 944; 1191; Esters of valerianic acid),
1211 1260/1261
'insoluble membrane, A/136 Isovaleric aldehyde, 1099
Intybin, 313
Inulin, 1109; 1196
Invertin, 1300
Invert sugar, (See:—Levulose Jalapine, 691
& Glucose), 180; 1191; 1194 Jamboiine, 517
Investin, 363, (Investin, 363) Jambosine, 518
Iodide of Potassium, A/163 Jasmin, 703
Iodides, 1181; A/163 Jasminine, 701
Iodine; 66; 227; 591: 592; 724; Jatrophic acid, 705
736; 1005; 1165; M/14; A/214; Jibantic acid, 444
A/230; A/231 Jimantine, 444
lonone, 105 Juglandic acid, 709
Ipomoein, 687 Juniperin, 710
Ipuranol, 1292
Iron, 99; 178; 179; 278; 289
536; 570; 591; 653; 720; 736
778; 822; 824; 944; 976; 1051 Kalmeghin, (Kalmegh Resin
1052; 1105; 1157; 1214; 1241 or Green resinous extract)
1287; M/26; M/132; A/157 102
A/163; A/192 Kalmegh Resin or 'Kalmeghin'
Iron compound, A/172 or green resinous exti'act,
Iron oxide, M/7 102; 231
Isobarbaloin, 76 Kampferin, 284
Isodulcite, 265 Karanjin, 1002
Iso-ephedrine, or Pseudo-ephe- Karanjol carboxylic acid, 1002
drine, 490 Karanjonol, 1002
IsohesperidLn, 339 Kelanka-tel (oleo-resin), 295
Isolauric acid, 479 Keto-enol tentomerism, 479
Iso-linolenic acid, 602 Ketone, 513; 570; (unsaturat-
Isolinolic acid, 878 ed, 855); 1099; A/197
Isomer d-pseudo-ephedrine, Ketonic groups, 479
 INDEX 687

Kinoin, 1025 , Lead sulphide, (Galena), M/14

Kino-oil, (Moodooga oil) 223 Leaf gold, M/33
Kino-red, 1025 Lecithin, 213; 217; 1147; 1148;
Kino-tannic acid, 223; 513; 1165; 1241; 1258; A/162
1025 Lectopicrin, 720
Kinovin or Quinovin, 1187 Lectucic acid, 720
Koenigin, 196 Lectucin, 720
Kolanin, 1169 Legumin, 162; 366; 368; 734
Kosin, 607 Leucin, 368
Kosotoxin, 213; 607; 761 Levulin, 1196
K-oxalate, 1309 Levulose, (Fruit-sugar) 950;
Kurchisine, or Kurchicine, 635; 1047; 1194; A/192 '
636; 644__^^ , Lichenin, 922
Kurchine, 635;" 636 Ligneous matter, 591
Kurchsine, or Kurchicine, 635; Lignin, 363; 472; 588; 692; 969;
636; 644 1057; 1267
Lignoceric acid, or Lignocerric
acid, 122; 223; 811; 1002
Lactajbumin, A/173 Lignose, 720
Lactic acid, 903; A/170; A/172; Lime, 1; 50; 61; 99; 173; 179
A/177; A/179 536; 653; 720; 766; 822; 823
Lactocin, 720 94^; 976; 1039; 1184; M/24
Lactoglobulin, A/173 M/25; M/26; M/44; A/193
Lactose, A/172; A/176;'A/178; LimonenCe, 339
A/179; A/183; A/189 • Limonene, 170; 339; 348; 475;
Lactucarium, 720 513; 958
Lactucerin, 720 Linalcol, (Coriandrol), 381
Lactucin, 313 Linalol, 328
Laevo-rotatory terpene, 307 Linalool, (methyl-o-cinna-
Laevo-turpense, 306 mate), 1302
Laevulose, 339 Linamarin, 744 - '
Laminar plates, (Resin: brown- Linaool, 1222 ,
ish red or reddish yellow), Linoleic acid, 743
761 Linolein, 181
Lanolin, A/138 Lino-lenic acid, 602; 1002
Juansinic acid, 725 Linolic acid, 122; 223; 601; 667;
Lapachol, 165 1002
Lapathin, 1079 Linoxyn, 744
Larcic acid, 50 Lipase, 545
Larthopine, ~903 Liquid fat, A/156
Laudanine, 903 Lobeline, 749
Laudanosine, 903 Loganin, 1174; 1175
Lauramide, 479 Longifolene, 958
Laurie acid, 134; 479; 653; 777; Loturidine, 1187
1170 Loturine, 1187
Lauronitrile, 479 L-pinene, 381; 1261
Laurotetanine, 748 Luc'-indi^D, or Indigo-white,
L-camphene, 1261 681
 688 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Luffin, 751 Manganese, 278; 282; 304; 475;.

Lupamine, 755 562; 597; 807; 818; 1018; 1020;
Lupinidine, 755 1051; 1052; 1108; 1227; 1260
Lupinine, 755 A/159
Lycaconitine, 28 Manganic oxide, 720
Lycoctonine, 28 • Mangosim, 564
Lycorin, 389 Mangostin, 564
Lysine, 125; 368; A/173 Manjistin, 1076
Manna, 62
Mannit, 328
Mannite, (sugary matter) 572;
Macene, 831 720; 724; 1032
Madar-Alban, 237; 243;.244 Mannitol, 363
Madar fluavil, 237; 243; 244 Marelosin, 46
Magnesia, 1; 61; 99; 122; 766 Margarin, 289; A/137
823; 1184; 1214; 1287; M/26: Margosic acid, 777; 778
M/99 Margosine, 777
"i-Magnesium, 9; 743; 824; 1287 Margosopirrin, 778
A/211 Marmelosin, 45
Magnesium carbonate, 45 Marubien, 771
A/157 Mastichic acid, (or Alpha-
Magnesium-phosphate, 8; 1012 resin), 974
1197; A/159; A/172 Mastichine or Beta resin, 674
Magnesium salts, 4; 582; 904 Meconianin, 903
1199 Meconic acid, 903
Magnesium sulphate, 289 Meconidine, 903
M/lOO; M/101 Meconin, 903
Magnetic iron ore, M/54 Melanthin, 855
Maizenic acid, 1305 Meliatin, 792
Malates, 118; 141; 153; 408; Melissyl palmitate, A/151
710; 816; 851; 893; 1266 Menispermine, 361
Malate of Calcium, 524; 528; Menthol, 788; 789; 791
529 Menyanthin, 792
Malates of magnesium & cali- Mercuric chloride, 1181
cum, 400 Mercury, M/33; M/35; M/3&
Malate of Manganese, 873 Meta-cresol, 170
Malate of Sodium, 528 Meta-gallic acid, 1042
Malic acid. 9; 13; 191; 274; 289 Metal arsenic, M/16
311; 342"; 381; 435; 448; 538 Metarbin, 844; 855; 1113
561; 582; 622; 632; 765; 787 Methodide, 635
838; 950; 1014; 1015; 1018 Methyl-alcohol, 513
1039; 1065; 1072; 1078; 1191 Methylamin, 758
1260; 1266; 1278; 1287 Methylamine, 1241
Maltose, 181 Methyl-amyl-Ketone, 836
Mandragorine, See:—Basic Methyl-arecaidine, 131
substance isomeric with Methyl-chavicol, 955
• hyoscyamine, i.e., pseudo- Methylcinnamate, 78
hyoscyamine, 764 Methyl crotonic acid, 395
 INDEX 689

Methylene groups, 479 Monomethyl ether, 1266

Methyl-ether, 1002 Mononitrohydrobhilawanol,
Methyl-Eugenol, 36 1120
Methyl glucoside, 1020 Monosaccharides, A/192
Methyl-indole (see: —Skatole) Monosemicarbazone, (from
578 Eembelic acid) 478
Methyl-o-cinnamate, (Lina- Moodooga oil, ('Kino-oil') 223
lool), 1302 Morin, 146
Methyl-paracumarin, acetate, Morindin, 809
608 Morphia, 903
Methyl-pelletierine, 1032 Morphine, 901; (anhydrous,.
Methyl-phloro-glucin, 761 903); 905; 907; 908
Methyl-salicylate, 14; 306; 570; Mowrin, 181
571 Mucic acid, 1170; A/183
Methyl salicylic ester, 1275 Mucilage, 8; 26; 35; 39; 45; 65
Miconoisin, 903 85; 119; 152; 154; 166; 178;
Middle-lamella pectin, 1154 179; 213; 217; 222; 223; 287
Milk, 1147; (Soya, acidophilis, 313; 328; 339; 342; 381; 390
1147) 392; 408; 411; 414; 435; 475
Milk-casein, A/178 519; 526; 528; 536; 582; 591
Milk-curdling fdrment, 99 608; 632; 670; 685; 688; 743
Milk Plasma, A/l'i'2 748; 795; 811; 827; 830; 855
Milk-sugar (see also:^—Sugar): 862; 944; 950; 980; 986; 1002
—A/172 -^ 1007; 1012; 1038; 1057; 1066
Mineral hydrocarbon, M/25 1079; 1083; 1113; 1127; 1165
Mineral compounds, 528 1206; 1234; 1241; 1257; 1258
Mineral matter,, see also:— 1267; 1305; 1308; 1316; 1318
(Mineral substances) 61; 'A/192
162; 219; 291; 305; 445; 454; Mucilaginous substance, 8
681; 878; 507; 595; 802; 1078; (matter, 423); (juice, 593)'
1155; 1164; 1214; 1230 (principles, 763); (matter^
Minerals, 122 1168)
Mineral salts, 1017; 1078; 1113; Mucins, 1135
A/172 Mucus, A/162; A/220
Mineral substances, see also:— Mudaric acid, 244
Mineral matter, 368; 744 Mudarine, 243
Mineral water, 363; 1078 Mudarol isovalerate, 24^i
Mint camphor, 789 Munjisti, 1077
Mocharas, 208 Murrayin, 821
Monoacatyl derivative (from Muscarine, A/163
Embehc acid), 478 Muskone, A/197
Monobasic acids, 1120 Myosin, 186
MonoTeuonysterol, 520 Myrestin, A/156
Monohydroxyl compound, 1120 Myricetin, 828
Mono-hydroxyphenol, (called Myricil, (or Myricvl), A/151
'Amacardol') 1119; 1120 Myricin or Myricyl, A/151
(see Semecarpol, 1120)' Myricyl, (Myriciri"). A/151
Monomethylamine, 487 Myristic acid, 567; 667; 811;:
i690 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

830; 1002 Nicotimine, 850

Myristicene, 830 Nicotine, 850
Myristicol, 831 Nicotinic acid, 122
Myristin, 61; 830; 1127 Nitrate of lime, 226
Myrosin, 213; 216; 1140 Nitrate of Potash, 313
Myrrhic acid, 170 Nitrates, 720; 851; 1157; 1230
Myrrhol, 170 Nitrate of Potassium, 141
Nitric acid, A/183
Nitrogen, 1; 218; 278; (Com-
pounds of, 305); 307; 311
Nagi camphor, 201 312; 407; 421; 458; 461
Napelline, 23 477; 584; 591; 667; 684; 705
Narceine, 903; 907; 910 722; 734; 751; 766; 778; 879
Narcotine, 901; 903; 904; 905; 881; 924; 930; 931; 938; 940
907; 908; 909 977; 1050; 1081; 1092; 1131
Naregamin, 842 1152; 1154; 1155; 1165; 1191
Natin, 226; 227 1234; 1241; 1246; 1247; 1305
Native calamine, M/131 1306; M/24; M/26; A/136
Nauseous volatile substance, A/172; A/216; A/219
138; (see:—Volatile substance, Nitrogen-free extractive, 452
nauseous, 138) 774
Needle shaped crystals, 148 Nitrogenous (albuminous)
Nelumbine, 844 Compounds, 506
Neopine, 903; 905 Nitrogenous elements, A/179
Nepalin, 1080 Nitrogenous mucilage, 475
Nepodin, 1080 Nitrogenous principles, 653
Neriantine, 848 Nitrogenous products, non-
Neriene, 848 albuminous, 1154
Neriodorein (soluble), 848 Nitrogenous substance (mat-
Neriodorin, (insoluble in ter), 122; 231; 313; 363; 452;
water), 848 588; 1154; 1165; 1214; 1245;
TNTeroli petit grain, 339 1305
Nerolol, 339 N-methyl coniine, 374
Nerolyl-acetate, 339 Non-albuminous nitrogenous
Neucleo-albumin, 1241 products, 1154
"Neurin, 1241 Non-aldehyde, 331
Neurotoxin, A/221 Non-alkaloidal principle, bit-
Neutral principle, 281; (crys- ter, 289
talline, 521); 778; (bitter, Non-coagulable albumose, dif-
903) fusible, A/221
Neutral substances, 903 Non-crystalline extractive mat-
TNTeutral sweetsmelling liquid, ter, 4
1002 Non-crystalline organic acid,
N e w phenolic substance, 526 617
TNTickel, M/16 Non-crystallisable, bitter, re-
Nicoteine, 851 sinous body, 952
Nicotelline, 851 Non-rt-ystallizable principles,
TMicotianin, 851 710; 848
 INDEX 691

-Non-diffusible albuminoid eoa- 1014; 1032; 1036; (yellow

gulable, A/221 1038); 1091; 1095; 1114; 1119
Non-drying oil, 208; 282 1131; 1132; 1147; 1169; 1195
Non-glucosidic bitter principle, 1205; 1218; 1245; 1254; 1268
227 1271; 1274; 1289; 1298; 1303
Non-nitrogenous extractive 1305; M/24; A/151; A/154
matter, 506; 822 A/163; A/231
Non-nitrogenous matter, A/178 Oil, aromatic acid, 699
Non-n;itrogenous principles, Oil, bitter, 237; (fatty 530)
A/220 Oil, bland fixed, 213; (bland,
Non-phenolic alkaloid, 59 313)
Non-reducing- sugars, 115; 116; Oil, colourless viscous, 105;
517; 546; 547; 765; 823; 824; colourless), A/197
944; 1018; 1033 Oil, concrete, or fat, 1176
Non-tannins (soluble), 1211 Oil, dark-coloured, 295
Non-volatile acid, 720, Oil, dark-yellow, 236
Non-volatile alcohol called Oil, deep blue, 141
Cardol' 1119 Oil, edible, 628; 121
Non-volatile oil, 957 ' Oil, ethereal, 1097
Nor-d-pseudo-ephedriiie, 490 Oil, expressed, 348
Nucin, 709 .- - Oil, fatty, 179; 181; 227; (vola-
Nuclease, 173 \ ', tile390) 408; 505; 670; 708;
Nucleinic acid, ISaO 722; 736; (fixed, 801) 965;
Nupharine, 844; 858 (fixed, 980) 1135; (bland,
Nuphar luteum, 844 1197; (essential, 1241)
Nyctanthin (see:—Nyctan- Oil globules, A/162
thine) 294; 857 Oil-greenish yellow, 257;
Nyctanthine, (see—Nyctan- ' (greenish, 820) 1203
thin, 294); 857 Oil, nut,'228
Oil of Neroli, 339
Oil of orange leaf, 339
Oil, pale yellow thick, 227
0-dihydroxy compound, 1120 Oil, red toxic, 257
OdoUin, 302 Oil, semi-liquid, 253
Odoriferous principle, 627 Oil, tarry, 1119
Odorous body, 608 Oil, vesicating, 1119
Odorous principles, 903; 1108; Oil, viscid turbid, 486 (viscid,
1113; A/230 1066)
Oil, 116; 122; 133; 134; 196 Oil, viscous, 1103
215; 222; 223; 231; 236; 257 Oily amorphous mass, 203
274; 296; 360; 363; 368; 400 Oil, yellowish-green, 45
404; 406; 425; 458; 460; 462 Oil, yellow viscid, 585
477; 505; 544; 558; 567; 581
587; 588; 590; 595; 601; 612 Oily liquid, 1261
614; 661; 688; 705; 709; 710 Oily matter, 130; 282; (resin-
734; 744; 753; 778; (liquid ous, 369) 624
811); 870; 878; 896: 899; 930 Oily substance, 857-58
940; 957; 959; 975; 977; 1002 Oleandrine, 848
692 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Oleic acid, 122; 223; 567; 602; Oxalate of ephedrine (or

777; 811; 818; 878; 1002; ephedrine oxalate) 490
1051; 1170; 1265; A/138 Oxalate of lime, 72
Oleic glyceride, 26 Oxahc acid, 88; 164; 287; (acid
Olein, 289; A/137; A/178; Potassium oxalate) 311; 386;
A/230 416; 479; 487; 563; 709; 710;
Oleine, (or Olein) 61; 179; 181; 761; 893; 904; 937; 1007;
1205; A/197 1018; 1057; 1091; 1097; 1191;
Oleo-risin, (Kelanka-tel) 295; 1287; 1298; A/183
400; 776; 793; 958; 975; Oxidation product, 119
(aromatic, 979) 1309 Oxide, 513
Oleoresinous extract, 455 Oxide of iron, 109; M/95;
Oleum erigerontis, 504 A/157; A/211
Oleum gaultheria, 570 Oxide of tin, M/117
Oleum jatamansi, 840 Oxide of Zinc, M/131
Oleum Marjoranae, 875 Oxime (from Embelic acid)::
Oleum maydis, 1305 478
Oleum nigrum, 296 Oxy-acid, 1119
Oleum thyme or thymol, 1219 Oxyanthraquinone, 287
Opelic acid, 573; 1184 Oxycanthine, 191
O-phellandrene, 1302 Oxydase, 363
Ophioxylin, 1051 Oxygen, 231; A/136; A/172
Opianin, 903 Oxygenated ethereal essential
Orange-red (alizarin) 1076 (volatile) oil, 170
Organic acid, 8; 19; 52; 166; Oxymethyl-anthraquinones,
226; 300; 412; 419; 531; 288; 289; 999; 1000; 1055
597; 622; 624; (yellow, 717) Oxymorphine, 903
851; 855; 903; 925; 1047; Ozotised matter, 1287
1099; 1150; 1157; (astringent,
1164); 1199; 1278; 1298
Organic ester, 1199
Organic matter, (see:—Ani- Pakocm, 423
mal matter) (organic sub- Pale-yellow powder, 181
stance) 61; 59; 602; 778; 969; Palmatisin, 28
(substance, 1105) M/24 Palmitic acid, 36; 122; 179
(Animal, A/157); A/163 223; 600; 601; 653; 658; 667
Organic substances 1105; 1157 811; 878; 1002; A/13B
(see:—Organic matter) A/151; A/154
Organic sulphides, 63; 65; 66 Palmitic glyceride, 26
Organic sulphur compound, Palmitin, 61; 181; 1066; 1127:
63; 65; 66 A/137; A/178; A/230
Organic sulphur compound, Palm-sugar, 281; 363
537; 777 Papain, 274; 275
Oridine, 878 Papaveramine, 903
Oroxylin, 876 Papaverine, 903; 905; 907; 908
Oroxylon, 876 Papaya oil, 274
Orthosiphonin, 877 Papayic acid, 274
Oxalate of calcium, 411 Papayotin, 274
 INDEX 693

Parabin, 597 Phenyl-ethylen-ethiocarbide,

Para-buxine, 225 843
Paraffin, 513; 570 Phintetrol, 128
Paraffin hydrocarbon, 257 Phlobaphenes, 39
Paramenispermine, 361 Phloroglucinol, 588 '
Paramorphine, 901; 903 Phoecretin, 287
P-cymene, 307 Phosphate of Ammonia, A/220
Pectin, (see:-r-Vegetable jelly) Phosphate of ammonium,
1; 45; 274; 335; 453; 573; 577; A/178
592; 802; 816; 876; 903; 950; Phosphate of calcium, 213; 744;
986; 1014; 1015; 1032; 1057; A/211 A/220 A/163
1078; 1103; 1154; (Proto, Phosphate (of copper), M/48
1154); (middle lamella, Phosphate of iron, 45; A/172
1154) (total, 1154) 1191; Phosphate of Lime, 45; 591;
1196; 1222 1184; 1266; M/41; A/152;
Pectose, 545 • A/163
Pectous substance, 26; (matter, Phosphate of magnesia, 1184
448) V Phosphate of magnesium, 213;
Pelletierine; 1032 744; A/163; A/220
Pellitorin, 98 Phosphate of Potash, 153; 1184
Pelosine, 334 Phosphate of potassium, 213;
Pentacetyl derivative, 377 744; A/163; A/178
Pentatriacontane, 597 Phosphate of sodium. A/178
Pentoses, 765 Phosphates, 162; 736; (earthy,
Peppermint, 788, 823) 851; 1039; (earthly,
Peppermint oil, 789 1176) 1241; 1051; M/48;
Pepsin, 275 • <. A/159; A/192; A/210; A/211
Peptides, A/173 Phosphoric acid, 50; 99; 122
Peptone, A/228 179; 274; 311; 342; 458; 477
Peroxide of Iron, 173 506; 548; 582; 597; 630; 653
Petroleum ether, 812; 1268 766; 893; 940; 1018; 1050
Petroleum ether extract, 59; 1241; 1245; 1266; M/24
227; 953; 1268 M/26
Pharbitisin, 688 Phosphoric anhydride, 61; 778;
Phasin, 523 822; 823; 1092
Phellandrene, 328; 513; 935; Phosphorus, 824; 1147; 1148;
1108; 1309 1191; 1241; 1287; A/162;
Phenanthrene-pyridine group, A/214; A/231
905 Phosphorus compound, A/172
Phyllanthin, 948
Phenol compound, (see—Sesa- Phytol, 597
mol) 1127 Phytolacca toxin, 951
Phenolic body, 1002, (see:— Phytostererols, 227
Phenolic substance) Phytosterol, (see: —Choles-
Phenolic substance, (see— terol) 245; 667; 811; 1051;
Phenolic body) 59; 517 1135; 1199; 1292.
Phenols, 36; 170; 322; 513; 588; Picrasmin, 952
836; 961 Picrate, 635; 812
694 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Picro-aconine, 24 Potassium chloride, 59; 138;;

Picrocrocein, 390 976; 1157
Picroglycion (or Dulcamarin, Potassium compound, A/172
1148) Potassium myronate, (Smi-
Picrorrhizin, 953 grin) 216; 1140
Picrotoxin, 99; 360; 361 Potassium nitrate, 128; 134;
Pigments, A/220 203; 435; 670; 1109; 1135;
Pinene, (see:—Volatile oil of 1157
turpentine) 36; 170; 328; 331; Potassium oxalate acid, (see:—
513. 958 Oxalic acid)
Piperazine, 322 Potassium Phosphate, 1012;
Piperidin, 969 A/172
Piperidine, 322. 969 Potassium salts, 102; 475; 869-
Piperine, (or Pipirine, 969) 1120; 1155; 1196
965; 969 Potassium sulphate, 976
Piperitone, 513; 791 Products of Sodium & Potas-
Pipirine, or Piperine, 969 Sim, 601
Pittosporin, 979 Prophetin, 467
Plasmofluin, 322 Prophyl disulphide, 65
Platinic chloride, 490, 812 Protamines, 1241
Plumbagin, 989; 990 Protease, 545
Plumeric acid, 993 Proteid compound (see:-—Glu-
I^ methoxy-y-quinoyl-Bvinyl-2 ten albumin) 653
quinuclidyl-carbinol, 316 Proteid digestive ferment, 99
Podophyllic acid, 994 Proteid nitrogen, 898
Podophyllin, 994 Proteids, 103; 176; 186; 213;
Podophylloresin, 994, 995 217; 338; 366; .390; 421; 435;
Podophyllotoxin, 994; 995 458; 503; 581; 710; 774; 778;
Podophyllum, 995 830; 878; 930; 969; 1012; 1066;'
Pogostemonine, 995 1127; 1174; 1175; 1245; 1273;
Pollen dust, A/192 A/178; A/192
Polycroit, 390 ' Proteins, 122 (animal, 122)
Polygonic acid, 999 (high-grade) 122; 407; (com-
Polypeptides, A/173 pounds, 408) 743; (sub- '
Poly sulphides, 66 stances, 744) 878; 1012; 1145;
Populin, 1005 1146; 1147; 1148; A/172;
Porphyroxine, 903 A/173; A/174; A/177; & 178;
Potash, 21; 50; 122; 173; 179 A/220
215; 274; 363; 478; 506; 536 Proteins (poisonous) 5 '
591; 632; 720; 736; 765; 766 Proteolytic enzyme, 173
823; 1092; 1182; 1205; 1214 Proteose, 545
M/24; M/26 Proto-albumoses, A/220
Potash, salts of 1; 305; 823 Protocatechuic acid, 588
Potassium, 9; 45; 778; 1147; Proto-pectin, 1154
1157; 1287 Protopine, 133
Potassium Binoxalate, 1080 Prussic acid, 71; 707; 1012; 1036
Potassium bromide, 1181 Pseudaconitine, 22; 23; 26; 32
Potassium carbonate, 868; 1051 Pseudo-cannabinol, 257
 INDEX 695

Pseudo-curarine, 848 Quicksilver, M/68 •

Pseudo-ephedrine, (see:—Iso- Quinamine, 928
ephedrine) 487; 490 Quinic or chinic acid, 316
• Pseudo-hyoscyamine (or Man- Quinidine, 315; 316; 317; 318;
dragorine), 764 321
Pseudoj-Indican, 1219 Quinine, 315; 316; 317; 318; 320;.
Pseudo-morphine, 903; 905 321; 1041; 1045
Pseudo-papaveriiie, 903 Quinine sulphate, 316
Pseudo-pelletierine, 1032 Quinoidine, 317
P-toluic acid, 416 Quinoline, 316; 322
Pulegone, 791 Quinoline-amido-acetamides,,
Pulp, watery, (see:—Watery 322
pulp) 164 Quinoline-amino-acetyl-p-
Punamavine, 203 arsenillic acids, 322; 323
Punico-tannic acid, 1032 Quinovin or Kinovin, 1187
Pupa or Dead beetle, A/166 Quintamine, 321
Pure gelatin, (see:—Gelatin, Quintenidine or Quitenidine,,
pure) A/136 321
Purgative principle, 1066 Quinuclidine residues, 316
Purified cholesterin, A/137 Quitenidine or Quintenidine,,
Purpurin, 1075' 321
Pyr^thrin, 98; 1164 Quitenine, 321
Pyrethrine, 1037
Pyridin derivative, M/24
Pyrocatechin, 223; 513; 1025
Pyrocatechol Itannins, 1199 Racemic acid, 1287
Pyrogallol,.660 Red colouring matter, 5; 230;'
Pyrrole-quinolines, 322 673; 674
Pyrryi-indoles, 322 Red oxide (Cuprous Oxide)
M/48; M/130 Red-resin,
(see:—Hypericum red, 673)
Red sulphides, M/36
Quartenylic acid (or crotonic Red sulphide of Mercury,
acid 396) M/36
Quassin (or Quassiin) (also Reducing sugars, 115; 116; 517;
called, 'Samaderin') 57; 952; 546; 547; 609; 765; 823; 824;
1040; 1096 944; 1018; 1032; 1033; 1292
Quassiin, see:—Quassin 952 Rennet ferment, 242
Quercetin, (see also:—Quer- Resins, 4; 13; 19; 50; 52; 57;
cetrin or Quercitrin) 11; 63; (acrid 61) 75; 92; 109; 116;
248; 265; 420; 526; 562; 587; 118; 141; (aromatic, & green-
994; 1254 ish yellow 153) 179; (acrid,
Quercetrin or Quercitrin, 529; 186) 196; 219; 236; 237;
1008; 1072 (yellow bitter, 238) (acrid,
Quercitannic acid, 1072 243) (yellow, 243) (yellow
Quercitol, 597 bitter, 244) (Black acrid,
Quercitrin, 699; 1008; 1072 244) 245; 253; 254; 257; 258;
Querritrin or Quercetin, 562 (dark yellowish 258) (soft
 696 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

yellow, 274) (brownish yel- Resinous matters, (bitter, 238)

low, 281) (yeUow, 282) 289; 245; 873; 1075; 1228; (yellow,
294; 300; 328; 352; 354; 362; 1266)
392; 404; 407; 408; 411; 412; Resinous principle, 688
414; 415; 419; 424; 434; 435; Resinous product, 1222
445; 455; (transparent, 456; Resinous substance, (light vel-
470; 474; 508; 510; 513; 517; low non-crystalline bitter,
520; 522; 524; 526; (amor- 784); 857; (red, 1059; 1197)
phous euphorbia, 528) 529; Resorcin, 231
537; 538; 542; 556; 562; 564; Rhamnose, 1055; 1157
565; 569; 570; 579; 585; (yel- Rhaponticin, 1057
low, 588) 596; 597; 599; (acid, Rhein, 1059
608) (yellow, 612); 618; 622; Rheo-tannic-acid, 1057
624; 627; (garnet red, 830) Rhinacanthin, 1059
662; (red, 673) 674; 686; 689; Rhinanthin, (aucubin), 530;
691; (ethersoluble, 692) 694; 725; 927; 1270; 1271 •
\ 7 0 1 ; 708; 709; 710; 731; 743; Rhoeadine, 901
747; (brownish-red or red- Riboflavin, 122
dish yellow-laminar plates Ricin, 5; 705; 1066
761) 771; 772; (amorphous, Ricinoleate of glycerol, (or tri-
777); (neutral & acid, 778) ricinolein, 1066; (see:—gly-
787; 789; 790; 793; 795; (acrid, cerides of ricinoleic isoricino-
796) 802; (bitter, 804) 806; leic acids)
811; 818; 827; 830; (red, 834) Roosa-Ka-attar, 108
838; 840; 844; 851; 872; 903; Rosaginine, 848
(green, 925) 926, (red, 927) Rottlerm, 761
953; 958; 965; 969; 973; 974; Rumioin, (see:—Chrysophanic'
975; 986; 995; 1001; 1002; acid) 1079; 1080
1008; (orange brown acid, Rutaecarpine, 531
1009) 1010; 1017; 1020; 1047; Rutin, 267; 562; 1081
1051; 1057; 1072; 1083;
(bitter, 1088); 1092; 1099;
1108; 1109; (gum, 1332;)
1135; 1161; 1164; 1182; 1183; Saccharine matter, (see:-
1184; 1189; 1197; 1203; (yel- Cane-sugar):—154; 363; 585;
low, 1222) 1230; 1233; 1241; 608; (substance, 724) 828;!
1260; 1261; 1266; 1268; 1271; cane-sugar, 1083) 1168 '
1278; 1292; 1302; 1304; 1305; Saccharose, 181; 1267
1308; 1309; M/26; M/27; Saffrol, 331
(Acrid bitter, A/147) Safrole, 250
Resin-acid, 247; 1135; 1268 Salicin, (see:—Salicine) 925
Resin-myrrh, 17.0 1005; 1090; 1091; A/147
Resinoid body, 478; 1196 Salicine, (or Salicin) 1089
Resinous acid, 227 1090
Resinous compound, 994 Salicylic acid, 14; 234; 570; 587
Resinous extract (see:—Kal- 701; 1015; i064; 1090; 1139
megh Resin or Kalmeghin) Saligenin, 1090
102; 231 Saline substances, 531
 INDEX 697

Salt of lime, 109 486; 523; 550; 620; 722; 797

Salts, 39; 119; 138; 170; 227; 801; 827; 894; 947; 1047
(nutritive, 232) 289; 591; 1103; 1104; 1114; 1143; 1152
632; 662; 692; 736; 828; 851; 1156; 1158; 1168; 1228; 1233
944; 1015; 1017; (mineral, 1241; 1267; 1290
1017) 1245; 1258; 1275; 1305; Sapotin, 20
A/156; (earthy, A/158) Sappan-red, 230
A/163; A/170; A/172; A/173; Sarcine, (Hypoxanthine) 403;
A/178; A/179; A/216; •A/'220 653
Salts of ammonium, 904 Saturated acidfe, 1292
Salts of calcium, 904. Saussurine, 1108; 1109
Salts of lime, 1075 Saussurine tartrate, 1109
Salts of Magnesium, 904; 976 Scammony resin, 376
Salts of Margaric acid, A/230 Scatol, 298""
Salts of Oleic acid, A/230 Scilipicrin, 1257
Salts of Potash, (see:—^potash, Scillaren, A/1115
salts of) 1; 305; 823 Scillaren B, 1115
Salts of potassium, 976 Scilhan, 1257
Sails of Sodiim:!, 976 Scillitoxin, 1257
Salt of Stearic acid, A/230 Scopolamine, 435; 670
Salts of valeric acid,. 1108'' Scutellarin, 1118
Salvadorine, 1092 Semecarpolj, (see:—Monohy-
Samaderin, 57; 1096; (also call- droxyphenol & also Anacar-
ed "Quassin" 1096) dol), 1120
Sambunigrin, 1097 Semi-liquid oil, 253
Sand, 45; 245; 407; 441; 458; Senegen, 265
461; 507; 584; 684; 734; 806; Senna-crol, (Chrysophan) 287
879; 881; 924; 931; 940; 1050; Senna-picrini 287
1081; 1165; 1241; 1246; 1247; Senna-sugar, 287
1305; M/26; (see:—Ash Sennit, (see:—Cathartomannit)
which generally contains 287
Sand) Sepeerine, 334
Sanservierine, 1098 Serpentine, 1051
Santalic acid • (or Santalin), Serpentinine, 1051
1026 Serum, A/178
Santalin (or Santalic acid), Sesamin. 1127
1026 Sesamol (See:—Phenol Com-
Santalol, 1099 pound), 1127
Santalone, 1099 Sesquiterpene, 36; 257; 466;
Santal-pterocarpin, 1026 513; 836; 933; 961
Santonin, 142 Sesquiterpene alcohol, 415;
Santonone, 1099 1099
Sapone, 134 Sequiterpene hydrocarbon, 415
Saponm, 13; 50; 54; 60; 98; 160 SiUca, 173; 278; 289; 548; 591;
166; 172; 176; 177; 179 787; 823; 1197; 1214; M/7;
(glucosidic, 179) 181; 248 M/24; M/26; M/130; A/210;
267; 272; 349; 384; 387; 407 A/211
423; (crystalline, 448) 457 Silicate, 1051; M/93; M/131
45
 698 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Silicate of aluminium, M/124 Soya acidophilis milk (see:—

Silicate of Zinc, M/132 Milk), 1147
Silicia, 45; 99 Spargancin, 153
Silicic acid, 66; 179; 653; 976 Spargin, 153
Silicic acid, hydrate of, 173 Special protein, A/192; A/193
Silicious matter, 444 Sphaeranthine, 1162
Silicon, M / 9 3 Spilanthol, 1163; 1164
Silicon dioxide, M/93 Spirit, 96; 179
Silicum, 173 Spirit extract, 245
Silver salt, 244; 245 Squalin, A/231
Sinalbin, 213 Stephisagrine, 443
Sinapin, 213; 217 Starch, 1; 26; 35; 65; 85 121;
Sinigrin (Potassium myron- 122; 146; 148; 162; 17& 179:
ate), 216; 1140 ' 186; 219; 226 232; 255 281:
Sitosterol, 227; 1036 289; 300; 304 311; 328 354
Skatole (See: —Methyl-indole), 356; 369; 400 404; 407 411
'.578 412; 413; 414 419; 424 428
Skimmianine, 1142; 1143 452; 458; 460 462; 475 477
Smilasperic acid, 620 520; 534; 557 572; 577 579
Snake-poison, A/221.—See:— 582; 588; 591 597; 608 622
Columbin 653; 684; 686 692; 694 7\)5:
Socaloin, 76 708; 720; 726 734; 761 7>7
Soda, 179; 274; 478; 591; 720; 795; 796; 801 802; 822 823
823; 1182 830; 840; 842 859; 872:878
Sodii Carbonas impura or 893; 896; 899 925; 930 934:
washing Soda (See:—Sodium 939; 940; 957 961; 969:977
carbonate) M/101 999; 1009; 1051; 1057; 1066
Sodium, 1199 1079; 1113; 1114; 1131; 1143
Sodium Potassium products, 1147; 1154; 1161; 1170; 1176
601 1214; 1222; 1227; 1244; 1245
Sodium carbonate (Sodii Car- 1260; 1305; 1308; 1309
bonas impura), or washing Stearic acid, 179; 363; 667; 777:
Soda), M/lOl; 102 811; 1002; A/138
Sodium chloride, 102; 289; 352; Stearic acid, dihydroxy, 179:
M/99; M/lOO; A/159; A/172 567
Sodium compound, 45; A/172 Stearic glyceride, 26
Sodium nitre, M/lOO Stearin, 61; 179; 181; 1066;
Sodium salt, 661; (of an acid, 1127; A/137; A/178; A/230:
778); 869 A/231
Sodium sulphate (see:—Sul- Stearine, 1205
phate of Soda), M/99 Stearoptin, 352; (crystalline,
Solacarpidin, 1157 620); 788; 789; 1028
Solancarpine, 1156 Stereosomerides, 316
Solanidine, 1148; 1149; 1152 Sterol, 1157
Solanine, 268; 1148; 1149; 1152; Storax, 86
1154; 1156; 1157 Storesinol, 747
Solid hydrocarbon, 513 Strophanthin, 1115; 1172
Somniferin, 1292 Strychnic acid, 1175
 INDEX 699

Strychnine, 1173; 1174; 1175; Sulphate of Indigo or "Extract

1180 of Indigo", 681
Stypticin (Cotarnine Hydro- Sulphate of Lime ,591
chloride) 910 Sulphate of Potash, 313; 1287;
Styracin, 86; 747 M/102
Styrol, 86; 747 Sulphate of Potassium, 743;
Succinic acid, 141; 1155 A/163
Sucrose, 778 Sulphate of quinidine, 317 ^^
Sugar, 9; 45; 63; 65; 122; (un- Sulphate of quinine, 317 '" T
crystallizable, 85); 153; 162 Sulphate of Soda (Sodium sul-
166; 179; 180; 186; 227; 274 phate), 591; M/lOO; M/102
285; 289; 300; 304; 313; 328; Sulphate of Sodium, M/91
339; 342; 345; 363; 366; 369 Sulphide, M/48; M/68; M/130
379; 385; 386; 390; 404; 407 Sulphide of Iron, M/66; M/99
412; 413; 414; 419; 428; 454 Sulphide of mercury, M/66
(reducing, 517); 520; 526 Sulphocyanide 213; (of allyl,
547; 556; (uncrystallizable, 216)
573; 632); 577; 582; 662; 676 Sulphur, 50/51; 63; 66; 119;
686; 705; 720; 743; 760; 761 162; 218; 227; 228; 736; 777;
765; 766; 795; 796; 801; 802 778; 811; 824; 1050; 1241;
816; 822; 823; 824; 827; 830 M/14; M/36; M/54; A/136;
838; 840; 855; 857; 873; 893 A/162; A/163; A/214;
903; 934; 950; 953; 961; 986 A/219; A/231
1002; 1012; 1014; 1015; f020 Sulphur compound, 65, (Vola-
1032; 1036; 1039; 1057; 1066 tile, 778); A/172
1075; 1078; 1090; 1092; 1109: Sulphuret (Blende), M/130
1143; 1146; 1148; 1152; 1157 Sulphuret of antimony, A/'153
1165; 1176; 1196; 1199; 1214 Sulphuretted hydrogen, M/99
1230; (chemical, 1245) 1257 Sulphuretted volatile oil, 1050
1260; 1264; (uncrystallizabl^ Sulphuric acid, 99; 179; 517;
1266); 1267; 1275; 1287; 1298 582; 591; 765; 903; 1287;
1305; 1308; 1316; 1318; A/162 M/26; M/lOO
A/170; A/172; A/173; A/174 Sulphuric anhydride, 823
A/196; A/170 Sulphuric ether, 227; 812
Sugar extractive,'922 Sulphuric ether extract, 953
Sugar of milk, A/179 Supari-Ka-phul, 208
Sugar saccharine, 684 Superbine, 579
Sugary matter (mannite), 572 Supermalates of Lime & Po-
Sugary substance, 1046 tash, 622
Sulpha-cyanide or Sulphocya- Syringin, 1188
nide, 217
Sulphate, 59; 81; 203; 743; 823;
851; 976; A/210; A/211
Sulphate of the alkaloid, 203 Tannates, 118
, Sulphate of Calcium, 717; Tannic acid (See:—Tannin)
•A/211 26; 45; 115; 184; 208; 230:
Sulphate of cinchonidine, 317 248; 281; 289; 316; 354; 369
Sulphate of cinchonine, 317 375; 505; 761; 822; 848; 859
 700 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

949; 999; 1018; 1042; 1057; 1028; (alcohol, 1108)

1072; 1090; 1093; 1099; 1113; Terpeniol, 466
1161; 1181; 1194; 1197; Terpinene, 307
1206; 1264; 1287; 1290 Terpineol, 513; 1100; 1261
Tannic principles, 1132 Terpinyl acetate, 475
Tannin (See:—^Tannic acid) Tersulphide of Antirriony,
8; 9; 11; 35; 39; 45; 52; 118 M/13
130; 137; 141; 179; 181; 183 Thebaine, 900; 901; 903; 905;
184 198; 229; 247; 273; 281 907
284 293; 296; 328; 339 "Theine", 248
354 381; 411; 424; 448 Theobromine, 248; 1169; 1214;
453 457; 474; 478; 504 A/183
513 517; 520; 526; 544 Theophylline, 248
548 550; 552; 557; 564; 570 Theve-resin, 1219
577 578; 579; 582; 585; 588 Thevetidine, 1218
602: 609; 615; 617; 624; 632 Thevetin, 1218; 1219
'-S&2 676; 688; 694; 699; 731 Thevatine or Thevetine, (1219)
'761 771; 784; 789; 790; 793 302
795 796; 798; 799; 801; 802 Thevetine, 1219 (See:—-Theva-
818 823; 828; 836; 838; 844 tine, 302)
868: 893; 944; 961; 973; 975 Thujone, 141 •
1010; 1016; 1017; 1025; 1032 Thymene, 408; 1028
1041; 1042; 1057; 1060; 1062 Thymol (see:—oleum thyme,
1078; 1079; 1090; 1105; 1109 1219); 280; 408; 790; (crude,
1114; 1195; 1199; (pyrocate- 1028)
chol, 1199); 1205; 1206; 1211; Tighc acid, 396
1219; 1233 1241; 1260; 1267; Tiglic esters of isobutyl, anyl
1287; 1295; 1316; 1318 & hexyalcohols; 118
Tar, 295 Tiglinic acid, 396
Taraxacerin, 1196 Tiliacorine, 1220
Taraxacin, 1196 Total pectins, 1154
Tarry non-volatile 'corrosive Total sugars, 115; 116; 517;
residue, 1120 546; 547; 765; 823; 824; 944;
Tai-taric acid, 191; 274; 287; 1018; 1032; 1033; 1287
363; 585; 597; 632; (free, Toxalbumin, 5; 289; 705
717); 903; 1072; 1155; 1191; Toxicarina, 128
1287 Toxic body, 1218
Tartaric of Potassium, 1191 Toxic substance, 656; (bitter,
Tartrate of Lime, 1287 951)
Tartrate of potash, 39 Toxin, 1197
Tasmanol, 513 Tragacanth, 157
Tatano-cannabinine, 257 Tricho-santhin, 1238
Taxine, 3, 1197 Trifolin, 1239
Temuline, 750 Triglyceride of Linoleic acid,
Terei>iithalic acid, 416 505
Tertjenes, 110; 141; 257; 331: Triglyceride of oleic acid, 505
339; 408;'513; 537; 775; 789; Triglyceride of palmitic acid,
'855; 862; 875; 958; 961; 962, 505
 INDEX 701

TrigoneUine, 803; 977; 1241 Valeraldehyde, 513

Trihyctroxymetihyl-anthiranol- Valerianic acid, 396; 538; 720:
monomethylether, 1266 1047; 1260; A/138
Tjrimethylairiine, 995; 1091; Valerianic aldehydes, 514
1092; 1241 Valerianic ethers of turpeneol,
Trimethyl ether, 128 775
Triolein, 1219 Valerianine, 1261
Trioxy-methyl-ianthr aquinone Valeric acid, 110; 134; 415;
(See:—Emodin), 287 778
Tripalmatin, 1219 Vanilion, 86
Tri-ricinolein, or Ricinoleate of VaniUin, 1183; 1264
glycerol, 1066 (See:—Glyce- Vasicine or Visicine, 40; 41
rides of ricinoleic & isorici- Vegetable albumen, 50
noleic acids) Vegetable casein, 162
Tristearin, 567; 1066; 1219 Vegetable gluten, 162
Tritopine, 903 Vegetable jelly (See:—Pectin),
Tropa-cocaine, 510 591; 592
Tropate of tropin, 435 Vegetable matter, 173; M/26
Tryptophane, 125; 255; A/173 Vegetable salts, 287
Tuberm, 1154; 1155 VeUarin, 662
Tubo-toxin, 445 Velulose, A/195
Turkish essence of geranium, Veratrine, 247
108 Verbenalin, 1267
Turmeric oil, 415 Vemonine, 1268
Turmerol, 415 Vesicating oil, 1119
Turnsole, 310 Vicin, 1272
Turpethic acid, 692- Vidangin, 479
Turpethin, 691; 692 . Vincetoxin, 151
Turpetholic acid, 692 Viola-quercitrin, 1275
Tylophorine, 150; 1252 Vinoline, 1275
Tyramin, 1139 Viperin snake-poison, A/221
Tyrosine, 125; 126; 153; 255-,- Viscin, 1276
368; 545 Visicine or Vasicine, 40; 41
Visicine hydrochloride, 41
Visicinet-artrate, 41
Vitamin B complex, 122
Umbelliferon, 538 Vitamin Bl, 122
Uncrystallizable Sugar, 85; Vitamin C, 1152
573; 632; 1266 Vitamins, 66; 122; (A, B, C,
Unsaponifiable- matter, 811; D & G, 1148)
1002 ViteUin, 186
Unsaturated acids, 1230; 1292 ViteUine, A/162
Urea, M/24; M/25 Volatile acid, 720; 778
Urease, 5; 173; 458; 1256 Volatile alkaloid, 268
Ursone, 570 Volatile base, 758
Urushic acid, 776 Volatile essential oil, (See:—
Essential Volatile oil) 35;
65; 77; 98; 109; 113; 114; 118;
 702 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

119; 120; 141; 170; 196; 254 986; 1047; 1051; 1090; 1113;
381; 400; 414; 456; 504; 673 1149; 1150; 1168; 1176; 1254;
676; (aromatic, 736); 771 (crystalline, 1266); (waxy
790; 795; 796; 840; 875; 935 matter, M/26); • A/156;
(balsamic, 969); 1028; 1072 A/197
1219 Wine, 96
Volatile matters, 456; 950 Withanin, 1291
Volatile oil, 45; (acrid); 63; Woody fibre (See:—Fibre)
65; 75; 104; 141; 142; 167; 1; 63; 90; 95; 103; 104; 106
198; 201; 216; 248; 257; 266; 109; 218; 232; 278; 298^ 307
268; 285; 305; (aromatic, 309; 312; 381; 407; 421; 441
316); 328; 339; 342; 346; 366; 449; 450; 458; 461; 477; 503
(fatty 390); 475; 478; 513; 506; 507; 584; 595; 684; 696
537; 542; 570; (acrid, 599); 697; 698; 722; 734; 751; 766:
620; 692; 694; 710; 747; 761; 806; 836; 879; 880; 881; 897
, 789; 801; 830; 835; (fragi-ant, 923; 924; 929; 930; 931; 938
'838); (yellowish, 855); 893; 940; 942; 944; 950; 977; 1050
^ 9 0 3 ; 935; 965 (balsamic, 969); 1081 1127; 1131 1152; 1154
'974; (principle, 995); 1017; 1165; 1234; 1241; 1246; 1247
1018; 1040; (sulphuretted, 1305; 1306
1050); (aromatic, 1072); 1078; Woody matters, 109
1099; 1140; 1182; 1197; 1214; Wrightine, 635
1219; (green, 1234); 1260;
1261; (yellow, 1266); (essen-
tial, 1271; 1275; 1302; (aro-
matic, 1309); A/147j A/192 Xanthine, 248; 366; (yellow,
Volatile oil of tui"pentine (See: 1076)
—Pinene), 958 Xanthostrumarin, 1298
Volatile substance, nauseous, Xanthoxylin, 1302
138
Volatilisable camphoraceous
princpile, 851
Vomiciiie, 1175 Y-antiar in, 128
Y-coniceine, 374
Y-crocetin, 390
Yeast, 180
Washing Soda (Sodium Car- Yeast-fat, 1299
bonate or Sodii Carbonas Yellow acid, 806
impura), M/102; M/101 Yellow colouring matter (See;
Water-soluble principles, —Colouring m a t t e r ) ; 200;
A/192 475
Watery extract, 152; 632 Yellow crystalline stuff, 922
Watery pulp (See:—Pulp, Yellowish-green oil, 45
watery), 164 Yellowish substance, 1148
Wax, 39; 50; 390; 400; 445; 520; Yellow principle, 1275
526; 544; 548; 550; 552; 591; Yellow pungent body (See: —
699; 710; 743; 761; 801; 802; Gingerol), 1309
842; 848; 873; 876; 903; 953; Y-ephedrine, 490
 /?37/ 703

Y-methyl-ephedrine, Aluminium sihcate (See: —

Yolk, A/163 White felspar; Silicate of
Y-pseudo-ephedrine, 490 Aluminum), M/7; M/24
Aluminium yellow earth, M/7
Ambra Grasea, A/138
Amlasar gandhaKa, M/119
Zinc carbonate, M/131 Amponii chloridium, or Am-
Zinc sulphate, M/31 monium chloride (See: —
Zingiberene (See: —Zingi- Saline substances), M / l l ; ,
berine, 1309), 415 M/101; M/97
Zingiberine (See: —^Zingi Ammonium chloride (Nava-
berine, 415), 1309 sagara) (See: —^Arnmonii
Zizyphic acid, 1316; 1318 chloridum; Saline sub-
stances), M / l l ; M/101; M/97
Anabas scandens, or Anabas
Scandeonus, A/139; A/214
Achatina fulica, A/135 Anabas scandeonus, A/214 or
Acidum arseniosum (See:— Anabas scandens, A/139
Arsenum), M/15 Animal flesh, A/139
Acipenser Huso, Linn or A Animal gelatin, A/136
stellatus, A/135 Anser Indicus, A/143
Acridotheres ginginianus, Antigone antigone, A/143
A/136 Antilope cervicapra, A/143
Acyl chlorides, A/204 Antimonii sulphidum, or Anti-
Adamas, M / 1 mony sulphide, M/13
Adeps, A/136 Antimony sulphide, See: —
Adeps Lanae, A/137 Antimonii sulphidum, M/13
Adeps lanae hydrosus, A/137 Apis mellifica, (See:—^Mel.)
Aegithina tiphia, or Clamator A/144; A/191
Ardeola grayii, A/144
jacobinus, or Hirundo rust- Argentum, M/13
tica, A/138; A/155 Arlus arius, A/144; A/214
Agama agilis (See:—^Lacerta Arsenicum Rubrum, See: —
agiUs), A/138; A/170 Arsenii disulphidum or Bi-
Ajwan-Ka-phul, or Bishop's sulphuret of Arsenic, M/19;
wee^, M/123 .M/80
Arsenii diSulphidum, (See: —
Albumen (See:^—Gallus Ban Bisulphuret of Arsenic or
Kiva), A/162; A/138 Arsenicum Rubnun, M/19;
.Alcohol, A/151 M/80 '
Alectoris Graea; A/138 Arsenii trisulphidum or Tri-
Alius banKiva (See:—^Phasia- sulphuret of Arsenic, M/20
nus), A/213 Arseniun or Acidum arsenio-
Alumen, M/2 sum, M/15
Alumen exsiccatum, M/6 Asphaltum, M/23
Aluminii Silicas or Sihcate of Athene Brama Indica, A/144
Alumina, or -Felspar or Audbhid, M/98; M/lOO
Glay), M/6; M/94
 704 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Audbhid lavana, or Shora or Bos bubalus, A/146

Salt-petre or Shorakhar, Bos taurus, A/146
M/98; M/101 Boyal fish (See:—Scioenidus
Audbhida salt, (See:—Pansu Pama, whiting); A/214
salt) M/71 Brass, •M/48
Aurum, M/32 Bronze, M/48
Bufo melanosticus (See:—
Rana tigrina); A/146; A/217
Balaena, A/144 Button lac (See:—^Lac: sheet;
Ban fish, (See:—Indian Eel), shell; Stick); A/150
A/214
Bangada-khara or Very im-
pure carbonate of Soda,
M/102 Cacteria lacca, (See:—Cateria
Barbus sophore, A/214 lacca; Coccus lacea; Laeca;
Barilla or Sajjikar or Carbo- Tachardia lacca); A/148;
•^Cnate of Soda or Kelp; Swar- A/156; A/170
"jikakshara, M/7S; M/101; Calcareous spar, M/41
M/102 Calci hydroxide, M/42
Baryta, M/132 Calcii carbonas or Calcium
Basic hydrogen, M/124 carbonate, M/41
Beeswax, white (See:—White Calcii hydras, M/42
beeswax) A/152 Calcii hydroxidum (See: —
Beeswax, yellow (See:—Yel- Calcii hydras; Calcium.
low beeswax or Cera flava) hydroxide; Calci hydroxide;
A/151; A/152 Calcium hydrate); M/42
Bell metal, M/48' Calcii oxidum or Calcium
Benzin powder, A/137 oxide or Calx or Lime ko.
Bezoar, A/144 M/44 ,
Bhetki fish, A/214 Calcii sulphas or Hydrated
Bishop's weed (Ajwan-ka- Calcium sulphate, M/46
phul); M/123 Calcium, M/40
Bisulphuret of Arsenic, (See: Calcium carbonate (or Calcii
—^Arsenii disulphidum; Ar- carbonas); M/41
senicum R u b r u m ) ; M/19; Calcium hydrate, M/42; M/45
M/80 Calcium hydroxide, M/42
Bivalve shell, A/145 Calcium oxide or Calcii oxi-
Black sulphur, M/119 dum; or Calx or Lime Ko.
Black Talc (See:—Vajra M/44
Abhra); M/123; M/124 Callichrous pabda, A/214
Blue silajit (Silajit, blue); Calx, M/44
M/23 Camelus dromodarius, A/146
Bombyx Mori, A/145 Cantharis vesicatoria, A/207
Bombyx mylitta, A/145
Borax (Tankanhar), M/78 Capra-Aegagrus, A/147; A/142
M/101; M/104 Carbo ligni, M/46
Bomife, (See: Erubescite) Carbonate, impure, (See: —
M/49 Impure carbonate); M/130
 INDEX 705

Carbonate of oxide, (See:— Chloride of Sodium (Sodium^

Oxide of zinc); M/131; chloride); M/lOO; M/109 •
M/132 Cholesterin, A/138
Carbonate of Soda or Sajikhara Cinnabar, M/36; M/68
or Barilla or Swarjikakshara, Cinnabar, native (See: —
M/78; M/101; M/102 Native Cinnabar); M/68
Carbonate of zinc, (oxide of Clamator jacobinus or Himndo-
zinc; Zinc oxidum); M/131; rustica or Aegithina tiphia,.
M/132 A/138; A/155
Carchardon carcharius, A/214, Clarias batrachus, A/214
see:—Carcharodon Carcharius, Clay or Felspar or Silicate of
A/147 Alumina or Aluminii silicas,
Casein or Curd, A/179 M/6; M/94
Castoreum, A/147 Clupea ilisha (See:—Pisces):
Cateria lacca or Coccus lacca A/155; A/213; A/215
or Lacca, or Tachardia lacca, Coccus cacti (Dactylopius
A/148; A/170; A/156 coccus) A/155; A/159
Cat fish variety, (Tangra fish; Coccus lacca or Cacteria lacca
Macrones Tangra); A/215 or Lacca; Tachardia lacca;
Catla-catla, A/214 A/148; A/156; A/170
Cephalopoda, (Os sepie; Sepia Columbia domestica or Colum-
officinalis; Cuttle-fish) bia livia, A/156
A/151; A/210; A/217 Columbia livia or domestica^.
Cera, A/144; A/151 A/156
Cera alba, A/152 Common salt (See:—Panga;
Cera flava, (yellow beeswax) Salt common); M/lOl;
or Cera; or Beeswax; A/151; M/109
A/152 Copper ores, M/48; M/49
Cerevesia lactis, (See:—Kou- Copper silajit (See:—Silajit,
miss or Kumyss or (Kumiss copper); M/23
or Fermented Milk), M/152; Copper sulphate (See:^—Sul-
A/170 phate of Copper) M/52 &
Cervus aristotelis (See:—Cer- 53
vus Elephus; Cervus equi- Copper, unprepared (See:—
n u s ) ; A/152; A/153 Unprepared Copper), M/51
Cervus dama, A/152 Corallium rubrum, or Iris
Cervus Elephus, (See:—Cer-
vus aristotelis; Cervus equi- nobilis, A/209; A/156; A/170
nus);.A/152; A/153 Corvus splendens splandens,
A/158
Cervus equinus, or Cervus
elephus, or Cervus aristo- Creta Gallica Purificata, or
telis, A/152; A/153 Talcum Purificatum, M/123
Cetaceum, (See: —^Physeter Crocodilus porosus, A/158
macrocephalus); A/154; Crotalin (Rattle-snake), A/228
A/213 Crude carbonate or Sulphate
Chelonia, A/154 of Soda; or Sodium sulphate,
Chloride of mercury (Rasa- M/102; M/lOO
karpura); M/lOO
Crude soda or Sajimati, M/lOO"
 7.06 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

•Crystalline Rocksalt, (See:— Fel bovis, A/161

• Rocksalt, White, Red), M/98 Felis tigris, A/161.
Cupri sulphas, or Cuprum sul- Felspar, or Clay or Silicate of
phas, or Cupri sulphate, Alumina or Aluminii Silicas,
M/52 M/6; M/94
Cupri sulphate, or Cupri sul- Felspai-, white, or Silicate alu-
. phas, or Cuprum sulphas, minium, M/7
M/52 Fel Tauri Depuratus, (See: —
Cuprum, M/47 Fel bovinum Gold purifica-
Cuprum sulphas, or Cupri sul- tum) , A/161; A/162
phas, or Cupri sulphate,
M/52 Ferri Oxidum Praecipitatum
•Curd or Casein, A/179 Fuscum (B.PC) (See:—
Ctlttle-fish, (See:—Sepia offi- Ferri Peroxidum R u b r u m ) ,
cinalis; OS Sepiae & C e p h a l - M/62
opoda), A/151; A/210; A/217 Ferri Peroxidum Rubrum
"Gypraea moneta, A/158 (See:—Ferri Oxidum Prae-
Cyprinus rohita, A/159 cipitatum Fuscum ( B . P C ) ,
Daboa venom, A/219 M/62
Daboia russelli vel elegans, Ferri sulphas, M/63
A/218 Ferri sulphuratum, M/66
Dactyloprus coccus, (See: — Ferroso-Ferric Oxide, M/62
Coccus cacti), A/159;.A/155 Ferrum, M/54
Dadhi, A/176 Fish eggs (See:—Eggs, fish),
Derivatives of toluene, (See: — A/215
Toluene, derivatives of), Fishes:—River; Shallow-
A/204 water; Tank & Pond; Large
TDhobi's earth, M/102 lake; Spring-water; Well-
Echis carinata, A/219, A/224 water etc., Punti; shole;
Eggs, fish (See:—Fish eggs), A/213 to 216.—See:—Pisces
A/215 Flint, ipure (See: —Silica),
Elephas Africanus (See: — M/93
Elephas rnd(icas; Elephas Fluorine, M/124
maximus), A/160 Francoltnus Pondicerianus,
Elephas indicas, Elephas afri- A/141; A/162
canus, Elephas maximus, Frog, M/217
A/160 Gadus Marluccius, or Hakefish,
Elephas maximus (See:—^Ele- A/135
phas indicas, Elephas afri- Gallus Bankiva (See:—Albu-
canus), A/160 men) , A/138; A/162
Equus asinus, A/160 Gallus domesticus, A/162
Equus caballus, A/160 Gallus pugnex, or Gallus pusil-
Erubescite (or bomite), M/49 lus, (Gallus domesticus),
Ethyl-acetate, A/207 A/162
Eudynamis scolopaceus, A/160 Gallus pusillus, or Gallus pug-
Fel bovinum purificatum, or nex (See:—Gallus domesti-
Fel tauri depuratus), A/162; cus), A/162
A/161 Gandhak-na-phul (Sublimed
 INDEX 707

sulphur or Milk of Sulphur), Himsagar (Pashanbhedi Ir-

M/119; M/122 rissp); M/115
Gastropoda (See:—Univalve, Hingool, M/72
& Turbinella rapa; or Xan- Hingula or Red sulphide of
chus pyrum), A/164; A/232; Mercury, M/68; M/69; M/72
A/234 Hirudenaria, (Poecilobdella)
Gecko verticillatus, A/165 Granulosa, (Medicinal
German silver, M/49 leech); A/167
Ghrita, A/176 Hirudo MedicinaUs (See: —
Glucose, A/183 Sanguisuga medicinalis—
Goda-lavana, or Romaka or (Speckled t-eech); A/167;
Sakambari, or Sambharnuna, A/217
<or Vadagru mithtt or Savara Hirundo arustica (or Clamator
mith or Sambar luna or jacobinus, or Aegithina
mitha, M/98; M/lOO tiphia; A/138; A/155
Gold ashes (See:—Gold pow- Hydrargyrum, M/67
d e r ) , M/33 Hydrated Calcium sulphate or
'Gold leaf, M/33 Calcii sulphas, M/46
Gold! powder (See: —Gold Hydroxyl, M/124
ashes), M/33
Gold, prepared (See:—^pre-
pared gold), M/34
•Gold silajit (See:—Silajit Ichthyol, M/24
gold); M/23 Impure carbonate (See:-^Car-
Gomuthra silajit (See:—Sila- bonate impure); M/130
jit Gomuthra); M/24 Impure salt (Telio tankana);
'Gopichantlan, M/7 M/104
Gorai or Nata fish, A/215 Impure tin (Misraka or mis-
•Gutika or Gutika salt, M/98; r a k a m ) ; M/116; M/117
M/101 Indian Eel (See:—-Ban fish);
A/214
Hakefish (Gadus Marluccius), Indian herring (See:—Hilsa
A/135 fish); A/214
Halcyon Smymensis smyr- Indian vipers (See:—^Vipers,
nensis, A/166 Indian); A/218
Hahcore australis, (See: — Iris nobilis (See:—Corallium
Halicore dugong Erxleben); Rubrmn); A/156; A/170;
A/166 A/209
Halicore dugong-Erxleben (or Iron, M/132
Halicore australis), A/166 Iron peroxide (See: —Peroxide
Heart Pea (Nayaphatakipand); or Iron); M/3
M/103 •" Iron pyrites (See:—Pyrites,
Helix aspera, A/166 iron); M/54
Hemiptera, A/166 Iron silajit (See:—Silajit,
Herring Indian (See:—Hilsa iron); M/23
fish); A/214 Iron, spathic (See:—Spathic
Hilsa fish, (See:—Indian her- iron); M/54
ring); A/214
 708 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Javakhara, (Potash carbonate Lacerta vivipara, A/171

impure); M/101 Lactic acid, A/179
Lactose, A/179; A/176
Lactus, A/171
Laksha taru, A/149
Kanjika (whey), M/104; M/49 Lai gandhak or Rati HirakasL
Kaolinum, M/7 M/119
Karkach (Sun-dried sea-salt); Lanolin, A/138
M/98 Lath, A/136
Karpoora silajit (See:—Silajit Lavana, samudra . (See:—
Karpoor); M/24 Samudra lavana); M/98;
Kaud, A/149 M/lOO
Kelp or Barilla (See:—Sajji- Leech, medicinal (See:—Me-
kar or Carbonate of Soda or dicinal leech); A/167
Swajikakshara); M/101;
Leech, speckled (See:—Speck-
M/102; M/78 led leech); A/217
riKilataka (Curd of buffalo's See:—Sanguisuga medicina-
''• milk); A/183 • lis & Hirudo medicinalis);
Koumiss or Kumyss or Kumiss A/167
or Fermented milk or Cere- Lepus ruficandatus or ruficau-
vesia lactis; M/152; A/170 datus (See:—Oryctolagus
Krishnabhra (Sheabhra); cuniculus) A/191; A/210
M/124 Lime, M/40; M/45
Kshuraka (See: —Pure tin);Lime ko, M/44
M/116 Lizard, A/171
Kumiss or Koumiss or Kumyss
or Fermented milk or Cere-
vesia lactis; M/152; A/170
Kumyss or Koumiss or Kumiss Mabuia carinata, A/191; A/21T
or Fermented milk or Cere- Macasus rhesus, A/191
vesia lactis; M/152; A/170 Macrones Tangra (Tangra fish
or Catfish variety); A/215
Manduka abhra (Yellow talc);
M/123
Labea rohu or Labeo rohita, Manganesium iron, M/7
A/215 Mastu, A/176
Labeo rohita or Labea rohu, Medicinal leech (See:—Hiru-
A/215 dinaria (Poecilobdelia) gra-
Lac: Button; sheet; shell; nulosa), A/167
stick; white, A/149; A/150; Mel (See:—Apis mellifica>
M/123 A/144; A/191
Lacca (See:—Cateria lacca;
Coccus lacca; Tachardia Mel depuratum or Mel despu-
lacca); A/148; A/156; A/170; matum, A/195
A/232 Mel despumatum or Mel depu-
Lac dye, A/150 ratum, A/195
Lacerta agilis (See:—^Agama Milk-sugar (See:—Saccharum
agilis); A/138; A/170 lactis); A/176; A/217
 INDEX 709

Milk of Sulphur (See:—Gan- ruficandutus) A/191; A/210

dhak-na-phul; sublimed sul- Os sepie (or Os sepiae) (cepha-
p h u r ) , M/119; M/122 lopoda) (Sepia officinalis)
Misraka (Impure .tin) or Mis- A/151; A/210; A/217
rakam, M/116; M/117 Ostrea edulis (or Ostrea gry-
Monovalve shell; A/196 phoides, or Ostrea virgi-
Moschus moschiferus, A/196 niana) A/211
Motacilla maderaspatensis, Ostrea gryphoides, (Ostrea
A/205 edulis; Ostrea virginiana)
Mother of pearl, A/211 A/211
Mourola fish (Opio cephalus or Ostrea virginiana, (See;—
Serpent-head); A/215 Ostrea edulis or Ostrea gry-
M u ^ , planiceps, A/215 phoides) A/211
Mukta-Sukti, A/211 Otolithus regalis (weak-fish)
Mus Rattus, A/206 A/135 '
MutUla occidentahs, A/206 Ovis aries, A/212
Mylabris chicorii, A/206 Ovis vignei, A/212
Mylabris pustulata, A/206 Oxide of Zinc, (carbonate of
Mylabris trianthema, A/206 Oxide) M/131; M/132
Mytilus margaritiferus or Oxide, red, (see:—Red oxide)
Pinctada margaritifera, M/130
A/208; A/213

Palaemoncurcinus, or Palae-
Naga abhra (Red talc); M/213 mon lar) A/212
Naia flava or Naia vivea, A/222Palaemon lar, (or Palaemon
Naia naia vel tripudians, A/222 curcinus) A/212
Naia vivea or Naia flava, A/222Pancha-lavana, M/102; M/198
Naja bungarus, A/218 Panga or Common Salt (see:—
Naja naia vel tripudians, A/218 Salt, common) M/101; M/109
Naja tripudians, A/218 Pansuja, (or Ushasuta) M/98;
Nata or Gorai fish, A/215 M/101
Native cinnabar (See:—Cinna- Pansu salt (see:—Audbhida
bar, native); M/68 salt) M/71
Navanita, A/176 Papadkhar (Pearl Ash) M/101
Navasagara or Ammonium Paraffin, soft, (see:—Soft paraf-
chloride (See:—Saline sub- fin) A/138
stances; Ammonii chlori- Paramoecivim caudatum, A/223
dum); M/11; M/97; M/101 Pashanbhedi, Irrissp, (Him-
sagar) M/115
Passer domesticus, A/212
Pavo cristatus, A/213
Oleimi Squalse, A/231 Peacock ore, M / 49
Opio cephalus, (Mourola-fish Pearl Ash (Papadkhar), M/101
or Serpent head) A/215 Perchloride of tin, or Permu-
Oryctolagus cuniculus (for- riate of tin) M/115
merly Lepus ruficaudatus or Perdix sylavatica, A/213
 710 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Permuriate of tin, or ' Per- Prepared Gold (see:—Gold^

chloride of tin) M/115 prepared) M/34
Peroxide of Iron, (see:—Iron Psittacula Krameri, A/216 ,
peroxide) M / 3 Punti fish (see:—Fish punti)
Phalacrocorax niger, A/213 A/215
Phasianus (see:—AUus bank- P u r e flint, or Lilica, (see:—
iva) A/213 Flint, pure, M/93
Physeter macrocephalus, (see:- P u r e tin (Kshuraka) (see:—
Cetaceum) A/154; A/213 Tin, pure) M/116
Pinaka abhra (white tale) Purified Silajit, (see:—SUajit,
M/123 purified) (Shodhita) M/24
Pinctada margaritifera, (or Pyrites, Iron, (see:—Iron.
M yt i1u s margaritiferus) pyrites) M/54
A/208; A/213 Python reticulatus, A/216
Pisces, (see:—Clupea ilisha)
,. A/213; A/155; A/215
'Humbi carbonas, M/85
Plumbi oxidum, M/86 Rana tigrina, (Prog) (see:—-
Plumbi oxidum Rubrtim, M/86 Bufo melanosticus) A/217;
Plumbi sulphuratum, M/87 A/146
Plumbum, M/83 Rasakarpura (Chloride of mer-
Potash carbonate impure cury) M/lOO
(Javakhara) ,M/101 Rati Hirakasi (or Lal-gandhak)
Potassic carbonate M/88 M/119
Potassii carbonas impura Rattle-snake, (Crotalin) A/228
(see:—Potassium carbonate) Red oxide, (see:—oxide, red)
M/88 M/13q
Potassii Nitras, (or Potassii Red Rock-salt, (see:—Rock-
Nitricum, or Potassium Nit- salt, red) M/98
rate, Or Potassium Nitras,) Red silajit, (see:—Silajit, red)
M/90 M/23
Potassii Nitricium, (or Potassii Red sulphide of Mercury, (or
Nitras, or Potassium Nitrate, Hingula, Sulphide of mer-
or Potassium Nitras) M/90 cury, red) M/68; M/69; M/72
Potassim carbonate, (see:— Red talc (see:—^Naga-abhra)
Potassii carbonas impura) M/123
M/88 Reh, M/lOO
Potassium Nitras, (or Potassii Reptilia, A/217
Nitras, or Potassii Nitras, or Rhinoceros unicornis, A/217
Potassii Nitricum), M/91; Rock-salt, crystalline, M/98
M/90 Rock-salt, red (see:—Red
Potassium Nitrate (or Potas- Rock-salt) M/98
sii Nitras or Potassium Rock salt white, red & crystal-
Nitras, or Potassii Nitricum, line, M/98
M/91; M9/0 ~ Rohee or Rohu fish, A/215
Precipitated Sulphur (or Vit- Rohu or Rohee fish, A/215
reous Sulphur or Yellow sul- RoU Sulphur (see:—^white sul-
phur) M/)119 phur) M/119
 INDEX 711

Romaka, (or Sakambari, Sam- barmitha; Romaka) M/98;,

bhamuna, or Godalavana, M/lOO
or Vadagrumithu, Savara- Sambhar, M/98
mith, Sambar luna or mitha) Sambhamuna, (see:—Sakam-
• M/lOO bari; 'Godalavana; Vada-
Rudraksha, M/128 grumithu; Savaramith; Sam-
Saccharum lactis, (Milk sugar) barluna; Sambarmitha; Ro-
A/217; A/176 mak!a) M/98; M/lOO
Sacchobranchus fossilis, (singhi Samudra lavana (see:—Lavana,
fish) A/215 Samudra) M/98; M/lOO
Saindhava, M/98 Sang-e-Isama, or Silicate &
Sajikhara (carbonate of Soda) Sulphate of Lime, M/96
Barilla; Swarjikakshara, Sang-e-Sira-Mahi or Silicate
M/78; M/101; M/102 of Lime) M/96; M/95
Sajimati. (crude soda) M/lOO Sanguisuga Medicianalis,
Sajjikar, see:—^Barilla (Speckled Leech) (see:—
S&jjikar-na-phul (or Washing Hirudo Medicinalis) A/217;.
Soda or Soda crystals, A/167
M/101; 102 Santanika, A/176
Sakambari, (see:—Sambha- Sarjikakshara, M/102
runa; Godalavana; Vada- Sarjikshara, M/102
grumithu Savarami&; Sam- Sauvarchala, M/98; M/lOO
barluna or Sambarmitha; Savaramith, (see:—Sakambari;
Romaka) M/98; M/lOO Sambhamuna; Godalavana;
Saline earths, M/101 Vadagrumithu; Sambarluna;:
Saline substances M/11; M/97 Sambarmitha; Romaka)
(see:—Ammonii chloridum M/98; M/lOO
or Ammonium-chloride), Scilla serrata, A/217
M/101 Scioenidus Pama, whiting,,
Salt, common, (see:—panga; (see:—Boyal fish) A/214
common salt), M/101; M/109 Scomberomorus commersonii,.
Salt, impure, (see:—Teliotan- A/215
kana) M/104 Sea-salt, sun-dried or Karkach,
M/98
Salt-petre or Shora or Aud- Sepia officanalis, (cuttle-fish)
bhid-lavana, or Shorakhar, (see:—Os sepiae & Cephalo-
M/98; M/101 poda) A/151; A/210; A/217
Salt, sun-dried, sea, or Kar- Seriparium, A/218
kach, M/98 Serpent-head fish, A/215
Sambarluna, (see:^—Sambhar- Serpent Poison, A/218
nuna; Savara^ith; Sakam- Sevum praeparatum, A/229
bari; Godalavana; Vada- Sheabhra, (Krishnabhra)
grimiithu; Sambarmitha; M/124
Romaka), M/98; M/lOO Sheet lac (see:—Lac: button,
Sambarmitha (see:—Sambar- shell, stick), A/150
luna; Sambamuna; Savara- Shell lac (or Shellac) A/149
mith; Sakambari; Goda- Shellac (or Shellac) A/149
lavana; Vadagrumithu; Sam- Shetura, (Morus), A/145
 712 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Shilajit (Varieties) (see:— Silicate of Magnesia, M/96;

Silajit Varieties) M/23; M/125; A/165
M/24 Silicate of Magnesia & Iron,
Shodhita (Purified Silajit) M/97
M/24 Silicate of zinc, M/132
Shole fish, A/215 Silicilic acid, M/125
Shora (or Salt-petre or Aud- Silicious concretions of bamboo
bhid lavana or Shor^khar) (Vanasalavana) M/96
M/98; M/101 Silico-Fluoride of Sodium,
Shorakliar or Saltpetre, Shora; (see:—Sodii SUico fluori-
Audbhid Lavana, M/101; dum), M/97
M/98 Silicon, (or Silicum) M/93
Silajit, blue (see:—Blue silajit) Silicum or silicon, M/93
M/23 Silver silajit, (see:—Silijit
Silajit, copper, (see:—Copper silver) M/23
silajit) M/23 Singhi fish, (Sacchobranchus
'^Silajit, gold (see:—Gold sila- fossilis) A/215
' jit) M/23 Soda, crude, (or Sajimati)
Silajit, gomuthra, (see:—Go- M/lOO
muthra silajit), M/24 Soda crystals (or Sajjikhama-
Silajit, iron, (see:—Iron silajit phul or washing soda) M/101
M/23 & 102
Silajit, Karpoor, (see:—^Kar- Sodii Biboras or S. BoraS,
poor, silajit) M/24 M/103; A/165
Silajit purified, (see:—Shod- Sodii Boras (or Sodii Biboras)
hita) M/24 M/103
Silajit, red, (see:—Red silajit Sodii Carbonas Impura or
M/23 Sodium carbonate, M/101
Silajit, White, M/23
Silica, (or P u r e flint) M/93 Sodii chloridum, M/109
Silicate, M/131 Sodii chloridum impura, etc.,
Silicate & Sulphate of Lime, M/108
or Sang-e-Isama, M/96 Sodii cirras A/177
Silicate of Aliimina, (or Fels- Silicefluoride of Sodivim, etc.,
par or Clay or Aluminii sili- etc., M/108; M/97
cas) M/6; M/94
Silicate of Alumina, Lime & Sodii Silicofluoridimi, (see:—
Oxide of Iron, M/94 Sihco-Fluoride of Sodium)
SUicate of Alumina, Magnesia M/97; M/108
& Oxide of Iron, M/94 Sodium chloride (see:—Chlo-
Silicate of Alumina & Oxide of ride of Sodium) M/109;
Iron, M/95 M/lOO
Silicate of Aluminium (see:— Sodium chloride impura,
Alxominium silicate or white M/108
felspar) M/24; M/7 Sodium, Fluosilicas, etc., M/108
Silicate of Lime, (or Sang-e- Sodium Fluosilicate, etc. M/108
Sira Mahi), M/95; M/96 Sodium Silicofluoride etc.,
M/108
 INDEX 713

Sodium sulphate (or Sulphate Sun-dried sea-salt, Or Kar-

of soda, or crude carbonate) kach, M/98
M/lOO; M/102 SVama Vanga, M/115
Soft parafifm (see:—Paraffin, Swarjikakshara, (or BariUa, or
soft) A/138 Kelp or Carbonate of Soda,
Sohagoor or Tinkala, M/103 Or Sajjikar) M/78; M/101;
Spathic iron, (see:—Iron, spa- M/102
thic) M/54
Speckled Leech (see:—Sangui-
suga medicinalis; Hirudo Tachardia lacca, (see also:—
medicinalis) A/167; A/127 Cateria lacca; Coccus lacca;
Spongia officinalis, or Spon- Lacca) A/148; A/232; A/170
gilla) A/230 Takra, A/176
Spongilla (see:—Spongia offi- Talc:—white, red, yellow,
cinalis) A/230 black, M/123
Squalus carcharus, A/231 Talcum purificatum, (or Creta
Stannic sulphidum, M/115 Galhca Purificata) M/123
Stannum, M/116 Tangra fish (Macrones Tan-
Stick lac, (see:—-Lac, button; gra) A/215
sheet; shell; stick; white), Tankankhar (Borax) M/101;
M/123; A/149; A/150 M/104; M/178
Straw-ash, M/'88 Telio tankana, (see:—Impure
Sublimed sulphur, (or Milk of salt) M/104
sulphur or Gandhak-na- Theobromine, A/183
phul) M/119; M/122 Tin, impure (Misraka) M/116;
Sulphate of copper, (see:— M/117
Copper sulphate) M/52; Tin, pure (Kshuraka) M / H 6
M/53 Tinkala or Sohagoor, M/103
Sulphate of Soda, (Sodium Toad," A/217
sulphate, or Crude carbo- Toluene, derivatives of A/204
nate) M/lOO; M/102 Trichogaster fasciatus, •A/215
.Sulphide of Mercury, M/73; Trinitrobutyltoluol, A/204
M/66 Trisulphuret of Arsenic or Ar-
senii Trisulphidum, M/20
Sulphide of Mercury, red (see: Turbinella rapa, or Xanchus
—Red sulphide of Mercury, pyrum, (see:—Gastropoda;
Or Hingula) M/68; M/69; Turbinella rapa) A/164;
M/72 A/232; A/234
Sulphide or Sulphuret (Blen- Turnix dussumieri, (see: —
de) M/130 Tumix-m-tanki) A/232
Sulphur, M/119 Turnix-m-tanki, (or Turnix
Sulphuret or Sulphide (Blen- dussumieri) A/232
de) (see:—Sulphide or Sul- Tutha, M/53
puret Blende) M/130
Sulphur, Precipitated, yellow, Univalve (see:—Gastropoda;
Vitreous,; Roll; white; Sub- Turbinella rapa; or Xanchus
limed; Powdered, M/119; pyrum) A/232; A/234;
M/122 A/164
'46
 714 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Unprepared copper, (see: — Weak-fish (see:—Otolithus r e -

Copper, unprepared) M/51 galis), A/135
Ushasuta, (see:—Pansuja) Whey (see:—Kanjika) M/49;
M/98,- M/101 M/104
White beeswax, (see:—Bees-
Vadagrumithu, (or Romaka or wax, white) A/152
Sakambari or Sambhamuna White felspar (or Aluminium
or Godalavana or Savara- silicate,) (see:—Felspar,
mith or Sambar luna or etc.) M/7; M/124
mitha) M/98; M/lOO White talc (see: —Pinaka
Vajra abhra, (Black talc) abhra) M/123
M/123; M/124 Whiting (see:—^Boyal fish;
Vansalavana (Silicious con- Scioenidus Pama) A/214
cretions of bamboo) M/96 White Rock-salt (see:—Rock-
Varanus Bengalensis, A/233; salt-white) M/98
A/217 White shilajit, (see:—Shilajit,
<-,Varanus salvator, A/233; white) M/23
"' A/217 White Sulphur (see:—Roll
Very impure carbonate of sulphur) M/119; M/122
Soda, or Bangadakhara, Xanchus pyrum, (see:—Tur-
M/102 binella rapa, or Gastropoda
Vid or Vit lavana, or Vidam, or Univalve) A/164; A/234;
M/98; M/99 A/232
Vida, Vid, Vit, Vidam lavana,
M/98; M/99
Vidam or Vida or Vit lavana, Yavakshara, M/102; M/72
M/98; M/99 Yellow beeswax, (or Cera
Viper aspis, A/229 flava, or Beeswax, yellow)
Vit or Vid lavana or Vidam, A/151; A/152
M/98; M/99 Yellow talc (see:—^Manduka
Vitreous sulphur, or yellow or abhra) M/123
precipitated Sulphur (see: — Yellow (or vitreous or preci-
Sulphur, Precipitated etc.,) pitated sulphur & other
M/119; M/122 varieties) M/119; M/122
Viverra civetta; Viverra zibe-
tha; Viverra rasse, A/234
Viverra rasse, (see:—Viverra
zibetha; Viverra civetta, Zinc carbonas (see:—Zinci
A/234 oxidum etc., etc.) M/131;
Viverra zibetha, (see:—Viver- M/132
ra civetta; Viverra rasse) Zinci oxidum or zinc oxide or
A/234 carbonate of zinc, M/132:
Vipers, Indian (see:—Indian M/131
vipers) A/218 Zinc oxide or zinci oxidum,^ or
Carbonate of zinc, M/132:
Washing Soda (or Sajjikharna- M/131
phul or Soda crystls) M/101; Zinc sulphas, M/133
M/102 Zincum, M/130
GENERAL INDEX CUM-CROSS-INDEX OF SYNONYMS
(IN ALL LANGUAGES, DIALECTS ETC.) IN THE
"INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA.
N. B.—1 LETTERS "A" AND "M" preceding the Numbers
hereunder, indicate pages of the Animal and Mineral
Kinfjdoms respectively. Plain NUMBERS stand for
the Vegetable Kingdom's pages.
N. B.—2 FOR SCIENTIFIC NAMES AND SYNONYMS OF
MINERAL AND ANIMAL substances refer to the
'SUBJECT-INDEX of the Mineral and Animal
Kingdoms" preceding this Index.

Aadaiotti, 1251 Abruz, M/116

Aainunnas, 99 Abuk, M/67
Aal, 809; 810 Abyaza—See:—Varda-abyaza.
Aalakus, 958 Acalypha—See:—Indian acaly-
Aanay, 160/A pha.
Aaraar, 710 Acanthus—See: —Holy-leaved
Aararoot, 770 acanthus.
Abai, 1286—See:—Pandhri- Ach, 809
abai. Acha, 452; 607
Abao, 254 Achai, 1119
Abayee, 254 Acharbondi, 1164
Abba, 215 Achchegida, 526
Alpbal, 710 Achi, 809
Abbe, 1140 Achillea moschata, A/203'
Abdahullu, 428 Achte Hirse, 898
Aberamuradepa, A/230 Achtekokospalme, 363
Abhaya, 1205 Achte Narde, 840
Abhini, 902 Achter Cattapenbaum, 1205
Abhra, M/123 Achtei^ muscatnussbaum, 83ft
Abhul Haubera, 710 Achter orbanbum, 199
Abi, 1286—See: — Achtes Zuckerrohr, 1083
Tukhm-e-Abi. Achuka, 809
Abika, A/212 Achuvagandi, 1292
Abin, 902 Acide—See:—^Ketmie acide
Abini, 902 Acid lime, 341—See:—^Lime
Abkar, M/91
Abornblattriger Flugelsamen, (varieties)
1027 Acidulated sugar solutions,
Abortive Pepper-corns, 972— A/227—See: Sugar solutions.
See:—^Pepper corns. Aconite, 28—See: Indian aco-
Abre-shama, A/145 nite
 716 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Acyl chlorides, A/204—See: Adavimandaramu, 183—See; —

Chlorides Mandaramu
Ada, 1309 Adavinabhi, 579—See:—Nabhi
Adagi, 231 (varieties)
Adagu—See: —Pilli-adagu. Adavi-nimma, 160—See: —
Adakumaniyan, 1162 Nimma (varieties)
Adamaram, 1205 Adavipasupu, 414—See: —
Adambedi, 678 Pasupu (varieties)
Adamkabu, 40 Adavi-patola, 1236—See: — '
A d a morinika, 225 Patola
Adampaka, 40 Adavi-potla, 1235—See:—Potla
Adana—See: —Raja-adana (varieties)
Adapukodi, 689—See:—Kodi Adavipratti, 629—See:—Pratti
(varieties) Adavi-puchcha, 405—See: —
Adarsa, 40 Puchcha (varieties)
Adarushah, 40 Adavi-tellagada, 1257—See: —
lAdasa, 734 Tellagadda
Adaspudus, 935 Adavi-tella-gadda, 1116—See:
Adava, 1082 —Tellagadda
Adavia-amudamu, 705—See: — Adban Buporio, 629—See:-—
Amudamu, Amudumu. Buporio
Adavi-amudan, 166 Adda, 184
Adavi-atthi, 550—See:—Atti Addasaram, 40
(varieties) Adhabirani, 624
Adavi-atti, 550—See: —Atti Adhaki, 231
(varieties) Adharajhade, 21
Adaviburuga, 362—See: — Adhatodai, 40 /
Buruga Adhsarita-j ari, 44—See: —Jari'
Adavi-ellakkay, 93—See:— (varieties)
Ellakkay Adi, 1309
Adavi-genneru, 993—See: — Adike, 130
Genneru Adityabhakta, 351; 614
Adavi-jilkara, 1268—See: — Aditya-bhakti-chettu, 614
Jilkara; Kara (varieties) Adityalu, 736
Adavi-kachhola, 418—See: — Adosa, 40
Kachhola Adoxa moschatellina, A/203
Adavi-kakara, 807—See: — Adrak, 1309—See:—Amkiboki-
Kakara adrak
Adu, 1309
Adavi-kanda, 1188—See: —
Adulsa, 40—See:—Black adul-
Kanda (varieties)
sa; White-adulsa
Adavilavangpatte, 331—See: — Adulso, 40—See:—Kala-adulso
Lavangpatte Adumuttoda, 150
Adayi malli, 700—See:—Malli; Aduppu-kari, M/46—See: —
Pachche adavi malle Kari (varieties)
Adavimamidi, 1166—See:— Aduraspee, 40
Mamidi (varieties) Adusa, 40: 56
 INDEX" 7ir

Adusogae, 40 Aginaligadi, 770

Adu-tinna-palai, 138 Aginbuti, 91
Aedakularitichettu, 80 Aginghas, 104
Aedu, 212 Agiva, 108
Aegarvalli, 807 Agla, 17
Aelilappalai, 80 Agni-garba, 91
Aerilampal, 80 Agni-garva, 91
Affengesict, 800 Agnijvala, 1295
Affini, 902 Agiiimantha, 353; 1009
Affiun, 902 Agnimatha, 990
Afim, 902 Agnimukhi, 1119 i
Afiun, 902 Agnin, A/137
Afiyum, 670; 902 Agni-shikha, 389; 990
Afkur, 299 Agni-sikha, 278; 579 '
Afsantin, 144—See:—Vilaya- Agnivendra-paku, 91
thi-Afsantin Agniverdhana, 1028
Afsantin-el-bahr, 142 Agrimony hemp—See: —
Aftimum, 420 Hemp; Ambari hemp (varie-
Afu, 901 ties)
Aganaki, 820 Agri-turki, 35
Agar, 120 Agropyrum, 56
Agar-agar, 571; 591; A/135 Agure, 655
Agari, 21 .Aguyabat, 1010
Agaric—See:—^White agaric Agyaghas, 111
Agaric of the Oak, 51—See: — Agyptische Indigop fianze, 67.7
Oak (varieties) Ahaka-nurch, M/44
Agaru, 120; 467—See: —Krish- Ahaleeva, 736
nagaru Ahalla, 285:—See:—Wal-
Agasa tamarai, 976—See: — ahalla
Tamarai (varieties) Ahana, M/54—See:—Zanf-e-
A^ase-gida, 283 ahana
Agasemara, 52 Ahera, 736
Agashi, 743 Ahiganda, 139—See:—Ganda
Agasta, 52 (varieties)
Agastoya, 52 Ahilaykhan, 820
Agastya, 52 Ahiphena, 902
Agathiyo, 52 Ahiphenam, 901
Agati—See: —Vilayati-agati Ahlada, 543
Agatti, 52—See:—Sheomai- AhUv, 736
agatti Ahmur, 268
Ageru—See:—Mora-ageru Ahomblattriger, Flugelsamen,
Agetha, 1009 933
Aghada, 21—See:—Pandhara- Ahrang, M/46
aghada Ahreo, 736
Aghata, 21 Ahu, M/42
Aghedo—See:—Safed aghedo Ahur, 216
Aghil, 311 Aiarka or Ajarka, 1153 >.
718 THE INDIAN. MATERIA MEDICA

Ain, 1211 Safed-ak

Ain-ed-dik (seeds), 5 Akado, 237
Aini, 1211 Akakia, (extract), 9
Airana, 353 Akalakara—See:—Mitha aka*
Airanmula, 1009—See: —Mula lakara
(varieties) Akalam, 736
Aisar, 235 Akalbarki, 255
Aisinglasa, A/135 Akalber, 433—See: —Ber
Aivanam, 730 Akalbir, 433—See:—Bir
Ajadandi, 468; 724 Akalkar, 1164—See:—Kar
Ajagara, 469 (varieties)
Ajaji, 408 Akanadi, 334
Ajaka, 861 Akanda, 237; 242—See: —
Ajakarna, 1265 Kanda
Ajakarua, 1265—See:—Karua Akara—See: —Kaliakara
^ (varieties) Akarakara, 97—See:—Mitha
Ajalikalika, 799—See:—Kalika akarkara
(varieties) Akarakaram, 97:—See: —
Ajamanupatree, 113 Karam
Ajamo, 1028 Akarakarava, 97
Ajapada, 113 Akar-kanta, 58—See: —Kanta
Ajapa Varuna, 387—See: — (varieties)
Varuna Akasamugri, 803
Aja-priya, 1317 Akasa-thamarai, 976
Ajarka, or Aiarka, 1153 Akasbel, 292; 420
Ajashringi, 867—See: —Shringi Akasgaddah, 377—See: —
(varieties) Gadda (varieties)
Ajavala, 863—See: —Vala Akasavalli, 292
(varieties) Akashaballi, 292
Ajava,Seeds, 280 Akashagadda, 219—See:—
Ajawain, 1028 Gadda (varieties)
Ajawa Seeds, 1028 Akashakarudan, 219
Ajeka, 863 Akashavalli, 292
Ajeru, 617 Akashgaruda-balli, 219
Ajhar, 723 Akash garudand, 377
Ajmada, 1028 Akas-pawan, 420
Ajmalus, 670 Akaswel, 420
Ajmoda, 119; 408 Akatti, 52
Ajmud, 280—See:—Badi Akda, 237
ajmud Akenda, 37
Ajowan, 280; 1028—See: — Akhor moranu, 1171 ,
Korasani-a j owan Akhroot, 709
Ajwraina Kurasam, 670—See: — Akhrot, 61—See:—Nat-akrodu
Khurasani-a j vay an Akhzar—See: —Zajul-akhzar
Ajwan, 1028—See: —Chowri- Akil-ul-malika, 1239
ajwan; Kirmanji-ajwan Akkalbir, 433—See:—Bir
Ak, 237; 242; 1083—See— (varieties)
 INDEX 719

Akkalkara, 97—See:—Kara Ala-sandi, 459

(varieties) Alashi, 743
Akki, 877—See—Navaneakki Alate-huwu, 1206
Akkira-karam, 97 Alavu, 72
Aknad, 1168 Albumin, A/164—See:— Lac-
Akola, 58 talbumin
Akoria, 1063 Alen, 1309
Akorkaro, 97 Alethi, 1319
Akra, 237; 1164 Alexandrian Laurel, 236; 860—
Akrakantha, 614 See:—Laurel Victor's lau-
Akri, 1291 rels
Akroda, 709 Alexandrian Senna, 283—See:
Akrot—See: —Bangle-akrot; Senna (varieties)
Jangli-akrot; Ramakrot Alfalfa, 774
Akrotta-Kottai—See: —Kottal Alfazema, 730
Akrottu, 709 Algae—See:—Brown algae;
Aksha, 1202 Redalgae
Akshota, 709 Algusi, 419
Aktula-mulka, 1239 Aliar, 457
Aku, 662—See: —Shima-Kar- Alish, 743
puram-aku Alita, 809
Akujemudu, 526 Alivirai, 736
•Akujimudu, 524 Alkali-Potassium carbonas
Akulla-balasan, 171 impura, M/109—See:—Pota-
Akurkura, 311—See:—Kura ssium carbonas impura, al-
(varieties) kali
Akyan, 120 Alkushi, 818
Al, 809 Alia—See:—China-alla
Ala, 543; 1309—See:—Ramala; Allam, 1309—See:—Mamidial-
Daddala; Davala; Udala; Va- 1am
vala AUi, 860—See:—Ratanalli;
Alabaster, M/46 Warialli
Alabu. 721 AUibija, 736
Aladamara, 543 AUichettu, 787
Alai, 433—See:—Udalai Allikada, 859
Alale, 1206 Allipa, 521
Alam, 273; 543 AUipalli, 152
Alamoola, 114 AUipuhl, 859
Alanday, 267 AUitamarai, 859—See:—Tama-
Alangi, 58 rai (varieties)
Alangium—See:—Sage-leaved AUupu, 110
alangium Almas, M / 1
Alaphajana Dharu, 730— Almirao, 728
See:—Dharu Almond, 1011—See:— Indian
Alari, 847—See: —Pachchai- almond; Jangli-almond; Wild
alari almond
Alarka, 242; 237 Almond tree—See: —Java al-
720 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

mond tree Aluminium yellow earth, M/7

Aloe—See: —American aloe; See:—Yellow earth alumi-
Indian aloes; Socotririe aloes nium
Small aloe Aluminous sulphate, M/2—See
Aloe-wood, 120 Sulphate of alumina
Alombe, 51 Alu-sundi, 459; 1272
AIoo—See:—Belattialoo; Alu Alvi, 148; 736
(varieties) Am, 764—See:—Jangli-am
Aloo-baloo, 302 Amaada, 412
Alooka, 72 (varieties)
Alpagoda-pazham, 1014 Amahaldi, 412—See:—Haldi
Alpagoda pudu, 1014 Amakiregadday, 1291
Alpayushi, 384 Amala, 481
Alsande, 461 Amalai, 71
Alsandi, 1272 Amalakam, 480
Alshi, 743 Amalakamu, 481
Alshi-virai, 743 Amalaki, 480
Alshiviral ,743 Amal-bel, 1283; 1285—See:—
Alsi, 743 Bel
Alu, 72; 94; 148; 449; 1015; Amalguch, 1015
1154; 1264—See:— Belathi- Amal-lata, 1283; 1285
aloo; Aloo, Choprialu; Jangli- Amaltas, 285
alu; Kantaalu; Lal-gurania- Amalu, 1278
alu; Man-alu; Mitha-alu; Amalwel, 420
Rakt-alu; Ranga-alu; Rat- Amanakkam-chedi, 1065
alu; Rukh-alu; Sankhalu; Amanakku, 1065—See:— Chit-
Son-alu; Suru-alu tamanakku; Kattamanakku
Alu-balu, 1014 Amandi-maram, 1205
Alu-beeyum, A/147 Amara—See:—Kuliamara
Alubhokhara, 1014 Amaranalam, 109
Alu-bokhara, 1015 Amaratakada, 422
Alucha, 1015 Amaravela, 419
Aluk, A/167 Amarbeli, 292—See:—Beli
Alum, M/2—See:— Alum Amari, 681
burnt; Alum-dried Amb, 764
Alum- burnt, (See:—^Alum, Amba, 764—See:—Ranamba;
dried) M/6 Ratamba; Vatamba
Alum, dried, (See:—^Alum Ambada, 1166—See:— Kodam-
burnt) M/6 badi
Alumina and Potash sulphate— Ambadi, 628—See:—Lalambadi
See:—Sulphate of Alumina Ambado, 1166
and Potash Amba-halad, 412—See:—
Aluminium and ammonium Halad (varieties)
sulphate—See: Sulphate of
Aluminium and Ammonium Amba-haladar, 412
Aluminium silicate, M/7—See: Amba-hindi, 273
Silicate of aluminium Ambaj, 765
 INDEX 721

Ambal, 481; 844; 860—See:— Ameda, 1166

Vellambal Ameliu, 680
Ambala, 481; 1191 Amerah—See:—Chitraka-
Ambalam, 1166 merah
•Ambalamu, 1166 Amerbel, 420
Ambara, A/138 Amere, biffer—See:—Luffe
Ambar-baris, 191 amere
Ambari, 628 American aloe, 54—See:Aloe
Ambari hemp, 628—See:— American Bam-yard Millet,
Hemp (varieties) 896—See:—Bam-yard mil-
Ambarkand, 519—See:—Kand let, Millet (varieties)
Ambasal—See:—Ratambasal American isinglass, A/135—
Ambashthai-patha, 333 See:—Isinglass (varieties)
Ambat, 478 American Johnson grass, 106—
Ambat-bit, 1283 See:—Johnson grass
Ambate, 1166 American wormseed, 305—
Ambate-hullu, 425 See:—Wormseed
Ambatimaddu, 1228 Amesa, 116
Ambatimadu, 1229—See:— Amgul, 472
Madu (varieties) Amial, 481
Ambavati, 1080 Amidamu, 1065
Ambe-haldi, 414—See:—Haldi Amikkira-gadday, 1292
(varieties) Amil, 419
Ambel, 822—See:—Kokambel Amkiboki-adrak, 412—See:—
Amber, A/138 Adrak
Ambergris, A/138 Akrot—See:—Jangli-akrot
Amber-sugandah, A/138—See: Amkulang-kalang, 1292—See:
Sugandh; Naga-sugandha Kalang (varieties) •
Ambervel, 356 Amla, 481; 946—See:—Phalam-
Ambia, 1191 la; Bhuiamla; Jaramla
Ambli, 481 Amlabaum, 480
Ambo, 764; 765 Amlaj, 481
Ambol, 628 Amlaki, 481—See:—Bhumya-
Ajnbor—See:—Tula ambor amlaki
Ambostha, 333 Amlakuchi, 371
Ambretta—See:—Ketmia Amlalonika, 890—See:—Loni-
ambretta ka (varieties)
Ambsghola, 1238 Amlanch, 1064
Ambuboia, 313 Amlaparini, 1285
Ambuja, 741 Amla-vedasa, 1079
Ambul, 481 Amlavetasa, 1056—See:—
Ambuli, 741 Vetasa
Ambuprasad, 1181 Amla-vraksha, 1191
Ambuti, 890 Amli, 1191—See:—Gorakh
Ambutvel, 1285 amli; Suvali-amli; Vilati-
Amdesamotapana, 422 amli
Amdhiaka, 1283 Amlica, 1191
 722 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Amlika, 481; 890; 1191—See:— amudumu

Brahmamlika Amuk, 1017
Amlina chichora, 1191—See— Amukiram, 1291
Chichora Amukkira-kilzhangu, 1292
-Amliika, 1283 Amukkura, 1291
Amluki, 481 Amukran-kizhangu, 1292
-Ammam pachcharisi, 524—See: Amuleh, 481
Amum-Patchaiaressi; Pach- Amulthus, 285
charisi. Amum-Patchaiaressi 526—See:
-Ammoniac, 542—See:—Salam- Ammampachcharisi; Patch-
moniac charessi
Amper—See:—Mushk-amper Amusa, 1028
Ammughilam, 9 Amutti—See:—Chittamutti;
-Amputtai, 1166 Chitimutti; Sirramutti; Pu-
Amra, 764; 1166 ramutti; Mutti (varieties)
^^Amradvalh, 356 Amva, 764
\ \ m r a g a n d h a k a , 741—See:— Anab—See:—Chiti-anab.
• Gandhaka Anab-es-salab, 1148—See:—
Amraphalam, 480 Salab
Amratafalam, 1017 Anabusathaliba, 1152
Amrataka, 1166 Anacardier, 1119
-Amratam—See:—Chittamrat- Anachoriyan, 578
am; Pouyamratam Ana-chundai, 1149
AmratavalU, 356 Anagnika, 587
Amrita, 356; 1220 Anai—See:—Spail-anai
Amritaphala, 1038—See:— Anaichovadi, 474
Mitha amritphal Anai-kattaleyi, 54
Amritha .1205 Anaipuhyamaram, 38
Amritvel, 356 Anaitippali, 117—See:—Tippah
Amroda, 371 (varieties)
Amrud, 1017 Anakyitha, 54
Amrul, 890 Anan, 534
Amrula, 1080 Ananas, 99
Amrule, 1080 Ananasa hannu, 99
Amrulsak, 890—See:—Sak Ananash, 75; 99
(varieties) Ananta, 568
Amrut, 1017 Anantarnul, 619
Amruta-phalam, 1017 Anapa-kai, 722—See:—Kai
Amsania, 486 (varieties) Kayee or Kayi
Amsel, 566 (—do—)
Amsul, 566 Anar, 1021
Amti, 478 Anara, 1032
Amudam, 1065 Anaras, 99 \
Amudamu—See:—Amudumu Anarash—See:—JangU- ana-
Amudanda, 191 rash
Amudumu—See:—^Adavia- Anar-Dakum, 1032
amudamu; Amudamu; Nela- Anar-ke-per, 1031
 INDEX 723

Anaryatikta, 573—See:—^Tikta Chhota Jangli anjur;

(varieties) Angurshepa—See:—Sag-angur
Anasa-pandu, 99 - Anguru, M/46
Anasapurvem, 675 Angustha-gandha, 537—See:—
Anashapazham, 99 Gandha (varieties)
Anashavadi, 474 Anguza, 537
Anashuppu, 675—See:—^Uppu Anhydrous wool fat A/137—
(varieties) - See:—Wool-fat (varieties)
Anasphal, 675 , Anicarra, 868
Anasu, 99 Anilagh-naka, 1202
Anasuppan, 675 Anilaykayi, 1206—See:—Kai or
Anbalah, 1191—See:—Bala Kayi (varieties)
Anbli, 1191 Anipeepul, 552—See:— Peepul
Anboti-kura, 890—See:—Kura Anis, 955
(varieties) Anisacre, 408
Anb-us-salap, 1152—See:— Anis Biberrell, 955
Salap (varieties) , Anise, 955—See:—Star anise
Anchi Manchi, 476—See:— Aniseed, 955
MancM Anisun, 955
Anda, A/162 Anjalli, 145
Andi, 202 Anjan, 298; 929; M/13—See:—
Andi-mallery, 997—See:—^Mal- Kuhlanjan; Khulanjan; K.u-
lery lanjan; Utanjan
Andimalligai, 803—See:— Mai- Anjana, M/13; M/87; 787—
ligai (varieties) See:—Sauviranjana;.Tuthan-
Andimandarai, 803—See:— jana; Sobhanjana
Mandarai Anjanamai, M/13
Audumbar, M/128 Anjani, 787
Aneesay, 52 Anjir, 545—See:—Ramanjir;
Anegundumani, 39—See:— Bedanjir
Gundumani Anjira, 157: 545; 1019
Anekatalai, 54—See:— Katalai Anjiri, 551
Anekatali, 54—See:—Katali Anjra, 545
Anemin, 1211—See:—Min. Anjub'ar, 999
Aneneggilu, 926—See:—Neg- Anjur, 545—See:—Angur;
gilu (varieties) Chhota Jangli anjur, Jangli-
Anethum—See:—Rock ane- anjur
thum Anjura, 545
Angabina—;See:—Shadadan- Anjuri, 545
gabina Ankadoo, 1167
Angan, 560 Ankados, 733
Anganapriya, 1104 Ankari, 1272
Angharee-hind, 631 Ankid-Kodisha, 1296
Angira, 158 Ankoelaemara, 58
Angular-leaved physic nut, 705 Ankola, 58
—See:—^Physicnut. Ankolam, 58
Angur, 1285—See:—^Anjur; Ankolamu, 58
724 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Ankoli, 58 Apamargamu, 21
Ankolum, 58 Apang, 21
Ankota, 58 Aparajita, 354—See:—Nilaa-
Ankra, 1272 parajita
Ankudu, 1296 Aphalatana, 167
Ankudu-kurra, 1254 Aphim, 902
Annabedi, M/64—See:—Bedi Apis dorsata, A/144
Annanas, 99 Apis florea, A/144
Annasi, 99 Apis indica, A/144
Annatto, 199 Apkaro—See:—Kalo-apkaro
Annegalugida, 926 Apoedika, 177
Anoda-gaha, 8 •Apoorani, 505
Anona, 8 Appa Grass, 55
Ansh-phal, 846 Appakovay, 1064
Antamool, 150-See:—Antamul Appatta, 334 ,
Antamul, 1252—See:—Anta- Appazham—See:—^Mindiri ap-
mool pazham
Antara-tamara, 976—See:— Appel, 1010
Tamara (varieties) Apphou, 902
Antelope—See:—Indian ante- Apple—See:—Bitter apple;
lope Bullock's-heart apple; Crab-
Anthamul, 1252 apple; Custard apple; Devil's
Anthimalari, 803 apple; Elephant-apple; In-
Anthrapachaka, 1252 dian bitter-apple; Pineapple;
Anthundi-kai, 265; 267—See:— Rose-apple; 'Hiom-apple;
Kai or Kayi (varieties) True-custard apple of Ameri-
Antila, 443 ca; Wood-apple
Antilope doi-cas, A/202 Appracam, M/123
Antimony—See:—Black anti- Apricot, 1013
mony; Tersulphide of anti- Apta, 183
mony Apung, 652
Antimony sulphide—See:— Aquarqarha, 97
Sulphide of antimony Aquatic animals:—See:—Foot-
Antimony tersulphide—See:— ed aquatic animals
Tersulphide of antimony Arabian or French Lavender
Antisha, 21 730—See:—^Lavender (vari-
Anuk, M/83 eties) .
Anupa mansa, A/139 Arabian Jasmine 704
Anusa, 116 Arabian lavender, 730—See:-—
Anus moschata, A/202 French lavender.
Anvurah, 481 Arabi-erand, 396—See:—
Anwal—See:—Hila anwal Erand.
Anwlasar, M/119 Arabischer Jasmin, 7,04—See:
Aonla, 481 Jasmin.
Aoula, 481 Arabischer Kaffebaum, 365
Apag, M/44 Arad, 940
Apamarga, 21 Aradal, 563
 INDEX 725

Aradi, 800 Ardanda, 267

Aragbhada, 285 Ardawal, 1060
Aragu, A/148 Ardhaprasadana, 1270
Arag-vadhamu, 285 Ardhi-sopari, 281—See:— So-
Arak Jhawar, 1259 pari
Arak-kudrami, 632 Ardhrakam, 1309
Araku, A/148 Ardr aka—See:—^Vana-ardraka.
Arakvadam, 285 ' Areca—See:—Betel-nut palm
Aral, 354 Areka, 183
Arali, 847—See:—Katarali Arekanuse, 130
. Aralie—See:-^-KataraKe Arekgol, 545
Aralu, 876; 1206—See:—Mada- Areyal, 552
la aralu Arfu, 17
Aranamarmaiji, 294 Argati, 52
Arand, 1065 Argentum, M/13
Aranda, 1065 Argha, (Honey) A/193
Arandkharbuza, 273—See Arhar, 231
Kharbhuza Arhardal, 231
Arand-kharpuza, 273 Ari, 877—See:— Bassari; Dho-
Arangaka, 785 tari; Umari; Kariari; Pani-
Arani, 353; 1009 lari; Vallari; Vanari
Aranmaran, 717 Aridala, M/21
Arantandigbhukas, 474 Ari-ikan, A/135
Aranyajeeraka, 854—See:— Arimaedah, 14
Jeeraka; Atavi-jeeraka Ari-matsya, A/144; A/214—
Aranyamudga, 938—See:—Mu- See:—^Hatsya
dga (varieties) Arippu, 725
A r a n y a m u d g u , 940—See:— Arishina—See:—Kasturi-ari-
M u d g u (varieties) shina
A r a r u t , 770 Arishippal—See:-— N e r i - a r i s h i -
A r a s a n , 552 ppal
A r a s h a - m a r a m , 552 A r i s h t a , 776; 1102
A r a s i n a , 415—See:—^Kadara- A r i s i — S e e : —Moongilarisi ;
sina M a r a d a - a r a s i n a ; D o d d a - Barlhiarisi
marad-arsina A r i s t a , 1297
Arasina, ummatta, 133—See:—- Ariti, 822
Ummatta Arittamanjarie, 17—See—Ma-
Aratal, M/21 njarie
Aravindam, 844 Arjun, 1198
Arbimalletigo, 468 »' Arjuna, 723; 1198—See:—Rak-
Arbimallika, 468—See:—Mal- tarjuna
lika (varieties) Arjuna Myrobalan, 1198—See:
Arbre-a-soie, 237 Myrobalan (varieties)
Arbre aveuglant, 532 Arjuna-sadra, 1198—see:—
Arbre immortel, 508 Sadra
Archaka, 1160. Arkahuli, 351; 599—See:—
irdala, M/21 Hull (varieties)
 726 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Arkakanta, 351—See:— Kanta Arsenic flowers—See:—

(varieties) Flowers of arsenic
• Arka-kshir M/130—See:— Arsenic trisulphide—See:—
Kshir (varieties) Yellow arsenic trisulphide
Arkamu, 137 Arsenious Acid M/15
Arkamula, 139—See:—Mula Arsen-sulphur M/19—See:—
(varieties) Sulphur (varieties)
Arakapushpi, 351—See:— Arsha unmatta, 133—See:—
Pushpi (varieties) Unmatta (varieties)
Arkapushpika, 599—See:— Arshi, 877
Pushpika (varieties) Arta-niyal-hindi, 662—See:—
Arkavallabha, 932 Hindi (varieties)
Arlu, 876—See:—Rala-arlu Artichaut, 614
Arlus arius, A/214 Artichoke—See:—Globe arti-
Armach, A/144; A/214 choke; Jerusalem artichoke
"Armani—See:—^Tene armani Artificial bezoar, A/145—See:
"YArnieniac Bole—See:—Bole Bezoar
armeniac, etc. Artimavu, 413—See:—Mavu
Armenian Bole M/94; See:— (varieties)
Bole Aru, 1036—See:—Koko-aru
Armina, M/11 Arugu, 425
Arni, 354; 1009—See:—Chhoti- Arukamlaka, 412
arni, Utami; Vagharni Arunelli, 163; 946; 947—See:—
Arnotta plant, 199 Nelli (varieties)
Aroamt, 988 Aruni, 949
Arook, 1014 Arupatai, 1016
Arotaro, 923 Arusak, 40
Arr, 16 Arusaka-pas-i-parad, 1291
Arridaram, M/21 Arusha, 40
Arrowroot—See:—East Indian Arushkara, 1119—See:—Kara
Arrowroot; Indian arrow- (varieties)
root Aruta, 1081
Arruz, 877 Aruvam-pillu, 425
Arrow-wood—See:—Indian Arvada, 1081
arrow-wood Arvi, 372
Arsaghna, 94 Aryaval, 351
Arsenatega, 118 Arzgent M/13
Arsenic—See:—Flowers of ar- Asaba-el-fatiyat, 233
senic; Arsenic flowers; Sul- Asafoetida—See:—Ferule asa-
phur rouged arsenic; White foetida
arsenic; Yellow Sulphuret of Asagandha, 1292—See:—Gan-
arsenic dha (varieties)
Arsenic disulphide, M/19— Asal, 225—See:—Ranjanasal
See:—^Bisulphide arsenic Asalia, 736
Arsenic oxide—See:—Oxide of Asaliya, 736
arsenic and white oxide of Asamadam, 280
Arsenic Asan, 219; 1211
 nSTDEX 72?

A s a n a , 1211; 1292 Asok, 1104

Asanamallika, 468—See:— Asoka, 1104; 1105
Mallika (varieties) Asokadamara, 1105—S&e:—
Asar-rai, 993—See:—Rai Damara (varieties)
(varieties) Asokamu, 997
Asarum, 1260 Asoka Tree, 1104
Asarun, 1260 Asoke, 997
Asatulnahl A/191 Asparagus, 153—See:—Com-
Asbr^rg, 444 mon asparagus
Asek, 1191 Asphalt, M/23
Aseru, 447 Asphari-i-bari, 1234—See:—
Asfara—See:—Zahe-asf ara Bari (varieties)
Asgandh, 1291; 1292 Asphota, 468
Ash—See:—Soda-ash; Bitter- Asprak, 1213
ash; Straw-ash; Pearlash; Aspurk, 786, 1239
Conch-shellash Asrelei, 1193
Ashadi-tal, 1126—See:—Tal Ass, A/160—See:—Nehass
(varieties) Assam Java, 1191—See:—^Java
Ashbutchegan, A/147 Assam musk, A/197—See—
Ash-coloured Fleabane, 1270— Musk (varieties)
See:—Fleaban; Canada flea- Assamodagam, 1028
bane; Purple fleabane Assam Rubber-tree, 548—See:
Asheta, 1156 Rubber-tree.
Ashoka, 1104 Assothi, 997
Ashopalava, 1104 Ass's milk, A/175—See:— Milk
Ashphota, 354 (varieties)
Ash-shoura, 581 Assuli dates, 944—See:—Dates
Ashva, A/160 (varieties)
Ashvagandha, 1292—See:— Aster argophyllus, A/203
Gandha (varieties) Asthisanhari, 1284
Ashvakatri, 466—See:—Katri, Asthma-weed—See:—Austra-
Ashvamaraka, 847 lian asthma-weed
Ashvathamara, 552 Astibhaksha, 716
Ashwath, 552 Astmabayda, 49
Asiatischer Wassernabel, 662 Astrang, 764
Asita-Kutanja, 1296 Asud, 552
Askhota, 61 Asula, 481
Asla-soos, 582 Asundha, 1292
Asli, 747—See:—Khurasli Asundro, 183
Aslussiesa, 582 Asupala, 1104
Asmanigalgota, 729—See:—
Galgota Asur, 215; 1140
Asmantaka, 371 Asvagandha, 1291—See:—
Asmarighna, 387 Gandha (varieties)
Asna, 1211 Asvagandhi, 1292—See:—
Asogam, 1105 Gandhi (varieties)
Asogu, 997 Asvakama, 1132
728 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Aswagandha, 1292—See:— Ativisha, 25—See:-^'Visha

Gandha (varieties) (varieties)
Aswanantaka,, 183 Ativudayam—See:—^Nattu-
Aswarthan, 552 ativudayam
Aswatha, 552 Atkumah, 21
Aswatham, 552 Atlaria, 1000
Aswathom, 543 Atmagupta, 818
Ata, 116 Atmora, 615
Ataicha, 25 Atrilal, 127; 933
Atalari, 999 Atruna, 555
Ataloetakam, 40 Atrupalai, 1091—See:—Palai
Atarusha, 56 (varieties)
Atasi, 743 Atru-sha-vukku, 1194—See:—
Atavasa, 25 Shavakku (varieties)
Atavi-Jambira, 160—See:— Atta, 116—See:—^Ramatta,
Jambira Sanatta '
V^tavi-Jeeraka, 1267—See:— Attah, A/167
Jeeraka (varieties) Attajan, 870—See:—Jan
Atees—See:—Indian atees (varieties)
Ateicha, 25 Attalu, A/167
Atgo-kudo, 849—See:—Kudo; Attana, 434
Kalo-kudo; Tamdo-kudo Attatamamidi, 203—See:—
Athaleeva, 736 Mamidi (varieties)
Athanga, 753 Attei, A/167
Athi, 52 Atti, 548—See:—Adavi-atti;
Athiballachedi, 1138 Adavi-atthi; Kadatti; Kattat-
Athimathuram, 582 ti; Kattuatthi; Pe-atthi; Shi-
Athimathurappal, 582 meatti; Teneatti; Uttatti;
Athivisha, 25—See:—Visha Vesi-tummatti; Ottatti; Peyt-
(varieties) tumatti
Athlac, 1277 Attier, 116
Atibala, 8; 1137—See:—Bala Attimanu, 548'
(varieties) Attirillpala, 578
Atigupta, 1255 Attitippili, 1117—See:—Tippili
Atikhirate, 8 Attora, 283
Atikoevam,, 58 Attunjarei, 787
Ati-maduram, 582 Atukula-baddu, 1285
Atineranchi, 926 Atu-tinlap, 138
Atipakshi, A/136 Atutintappala,138
Atipari-chcham, 296 Atwin, 616
Atirasa, 25 Aubergine, 1151
Atis, 25 Audalaka, A/193
Atisingeeabish, 27 Audla, 1065
Audumbara, 548
Ativadayam, 25 Aulqam, 335
Ativassa, 27 Aura, 481
Ativasu, 25 Aurakula kappura, 418
 INDEX 729

Ausaba lunnara, 619 Aya, 651

Ausareha mahaka, 582 Ayamodakam, 1028—See:—
Aushbah—See:—Jungli-aush- Katu-ayamodakam.
bah Ayapana, 521—See:—Pana
Aushbahe-hindi, 619—See:— (varieties)
Hindi (varieties) Ayapanum, 521
Austakhadus, 219 Ayappanii, 521
Australian Asthmaweed, 526— Ayrunkukri, 1065
See:—Asthma-weed Ayudham, 291
Australian Fever Tree, 512— Ayurmader, A/191
See:—Fever-tree Azadirae-d-Inde, 776
Ava-chiretta, 532—See:—Chi- Azedarak commun, 784
retta (varieties) Azhavanai-virai—See:—
Avagudehannu, 1238 Shimai azha-vanai-virai
Avala—See:—Bhuiavala; Ka- Azomut, 988
nta-avala; Katt-avala Azuri, 828
Avalguja, 1267
Avali—See:—^Bhuyavali; Bhui-
avali Baagat, 543
Avalkati, 481 Baarili, 653
Avalu, 213; 215; 216—See:— Babassa, 299; 662
Kukha-avalu Babchi, 1019
Avara, 284 Babchi Seeds, 1019
Avarai, 284; 461 Babestul, 864
Avaray, 461—See:—Tingala- Babhula, 9—See:—Gui-
varay babhul
Avare—See:—Shembiavare Babla, 9
Avari, 681 Babli—See:—Kala-bablL
Avarike chakusina-gida, 284— Babniya, 1
See:—Chakusina gida Babola, 9
Avatarini, 615 Baboor Kohani, 1013
Avatengatige, 451 Babrang, 478
Aveeram, 284 Babri, 469; 942
Avelpori—See:—Chivan-avel- Babrung, 478
pori Babui, 861
Avibattam, 925 Babui-tulsi, 862—See:—Tulsi
Avigadde, 148 (varieties)
Avilpori, 872 Babul, 9—See:—Gandbabul;
Avipriya, 1008 Safed babul; Vilayati-babul
Avirae, 284 Babuli, 556
Aviri, 681
Babul tree, 9
Avisi, 52—See:—Sheemaavisi Babuna, 117; 386; 772
Avla, 481 Babunah, 117
Avrak, M/123 Babuna j , 117
A w a g u d a , 1238 Babunike-phul, 117
Awal, 284 Babunj, 117
Awala, 284 Babunphul, 772
47
 730 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Baburi, 861 Badanekayi, 1151—See:—

Baccae Galbuli Juniperi, 7l0 Chapperbadnekai; Kai or
Bach, 35—See:—Gora-bach; Kayi (varieties)
Mahabari-bach Badangan, 1151
Bacha—See:—Sugandha bacha Badanier de Malabar, 1205
Bachali, 177—See Baree bach- Badanike, 1263
chali; PuUa-bachchali Badar, 3
Bachchele—See:—Bachhala Badari, 1316
Bachchali—See:—^PuUa bach- Badavard, 533
chali Badavarda, 1234
Bachhale—See:—^Dumpa-bach- Badaward, 1290
hale; Halibachchele; Mattur- Badchipa-chettu, 508
bachhale Baddinivalli, 529—See:—
Bachang, 402—See:—Nagpuri- Nivali
bachang Badhara, 585
' Bach-chalimanda, 303 Badi Ajmud, 119—See:—
,Y Bachla—See:—^Yek-kisum-ka- Ajmud
bachla Badian, 675;955
Bachlu—See:—Lalbachlu Badian-e-hohe, 1008
Bachnab, 28 Badiani Khatai, 675—See:—
Bachnack—See:—Natka bach- Khatai (varieties)
nack Badimayi, 1194
Bachnag, 28—See:—Haladiya Badinjan-i-barri, 1150—See:—
bachnaga Barri
Bacho, 1077 Badipipli, 1117—See:—Pipli
Bada, 1089 Badi saunf, 557—See:—Saunf;
Badabadam, 237 Bari-Saunf
Badakanvar, 389 Badisc, 508
Badala, A/230 Badisepu, 557—See:—Badisopu
Badalun, A/230 Badishep, 557
Badam, 96; 1011—See:—Bang- Badi-sopu, 557—See:—Badi-
la-badam; Bilatibadam; Chi- sepu
nee-badam; Deshi-badam or Badradaru, 295—See:—Daru
Desi-badam; Gurapu-badam; (varieties)
Hatbadam; H i j 1 i-badam; Badsah salap, 65—See:—Salap
Jangli-badam; Rinbadam (varieties)
Badama, 1011—See:—Gurapu- Badzahra, M/97
badam Bael, 45
Badamee, 253 Baela, 45
Badami, 1205 Baelada-phala, 535
Badamier Chebule, 1205 Bael fruit, 45
Badami-mara, 1205 Baelo giringa, 1027
Badami-Pharangi, 96 Bael Sripal, 45—See:—Sripal
Badamu, 1011—See:—Natuba- Baer, 1316
damu Baerki, 111
Badamvittulu, 1011- -See:— Baga-dhupa, 57—See:—Dhupa
Vittulu (varieties) (varieties)
 INDEX 731

Bagali-pakshina, A/136 Baigun, bilatee, 756:—See:

Baga-mushada, 1220 Bilatee baigun
Baganella, 1226 Baijahundana, 167
Bagarbhang, 670—See:—Bhang Baikunti, 1064
Bag-banosa, 1274—See:— Bail, A/146—See:—Nagbail
Banosa Bail-ka-pit, A/161
Bag-berenda, 705—See:— Bail-ka-sofra, A/161
Berenda Bailwangi, 756
Bag-bherenda, 705—See:— Bainch, 555
Bherenda Baincho, 555 (Baincho)
Bagful, 52 Bairi, 281
Baghachura, 972 Baishi, 1091
Baghankura, 58—See:—Kura Baiza, A/162
(varieties) Baja, 220
Baghnoki, 771 Bajar, M / 1
Baglatul-mulk, 561 Bajauri-nimbu, 348—See:—
Bagnakha, 771 Nimbu (varieties)
Bagua, 1153 Baje, 35
Baguli, 247 Bajguriya, 220
Bahadrha, 1203 Bajhri. 930
Bahamana—See:—Lal-baha- Bajir Lauha, M/55—See:—
mana Lauha
Bahava, 285 Bajra, 930
Baheda, 121)3 Bajri (Varieties) 930
Bahel-sohulli, 667 Bak, 52—See:—Konch Bak
Bahera, 1202; 1203 Bakada, 353
Baheri, 1203 Bakah-tita, 943—See:—Tita
Bahira, 1202 (varieties)
Bahleeka, 537 Bakam, 230
Bahman—See:—Safed bahman Bakana, A/146
Bahubar, 379 Bakar, 1010—See:—Habul
Bahubara, 380 Bakar
Bahudda, 1203 Bakaruchakka, 230
Bahuk—See:—Lal-bahuk Bakash, 40
Bahupada, 543—See:—Pada Bakayan, 784
(varieties) Bakchi, 1267
Bahupatra, 947 i Baker, 1010
Bahuphul, 739 Bakhur-i-Miryam, 423
Bakkan, 746
Bahuvara, 379—See:—Vara Bakkom, 230
(varieties) Bakla, 117; 533; 942; 1272
Baibarang, 835 Bakorcha, 1010
Baibirang, 478—See:—Biranga Bakphul, 52
Baies de Genievre, 710 Bakra, 473—See:—Bhavan-
Baigan, 1151 bakra
Baigun, 1151:—See:—Goot- Bakra-Chimyaka, 994
baigun Bakra Jamrasi, 473
 732 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Bakshi, 1244 Bali—See:—Sugandhibali; Gel-

Bakuchi, 420 laybali Bichirbali
Bakul, 801 Balika, 1170
Bakula, 800 Balintrapolum, 170
Bal, 475; 925; 1134; 1137—See^ Balirang, M/119—See:—Rang
—Kantalo-bal; Rambal; Tej- (varieties)
bal Balkadu, 953—See:—Kadu
Bala—See:—Atibala; Mahaba- (varieties)
la; Nagabala; Anbalah; Man- Ballaki, A/143
bala; Sugandha-bala; Tejbala; Ballarikekai, 666—See:—^Kai
Bhumibala; Gulangbala; Ka- or Kayi (varieties)
rambala Ballidurubi, 611
Balabandatige, 689 Balloon vine, 271—See:—Vine
Balacharea, 840 (varieties)
Bala-chhara—See:—Suganda Balmenasu, 400:—See:—
^ bala-chhara Menasu (varieties)
''BaladahuUu—See:—Zende Balm of Giliad, 171—See:—
' baladahullu Giliad Balm
Bala-ekhanda, 694—See:— Balm of Mecca, 171—See:—
Ekhanda Mecca Balm
Bala-Hirade, 1205^See:— Balnimb, 776—See:—Nimb
Hirade (varieties)
Bala Hrivera, 1259 Bal-phal, 379
Balakadu, 618—See:—Kadu Balphul, 704
(varieties) Balra, 1203
Balakapriya, 1317 Balraksha, 586
BalaJoddugina-mara, 1186 Balsan—See:—Rogan-i-balsan
Balangu—See:—Tukhm-i- Balsunt, 673—See:—Sunt
balangu Baltanga, 986
Balank, 348 Baluka, 578
Balanki-khurd, 864 Baluka-sag, 578—See:—Sag
Balantshep, 935 (varieties)
Bala Phanijivika, 1134—See:— Balusu, 264
Phanijivika Bama, 633
Bala-rakkasi-gida, 925—See:— Bamanhati, 354
Rakkasigida Bamanpati, 1009
Balasu, 988 Bamba, 624
Balat, 961 Bambaj, 1276
Bala-tagra, 1260—See:—Tagra Bamboo, 172—See:—Silicious
Balbij, (seeds), 8 concretions of bamboo
Bamboo Briar Root, 1143
Balchir, 840 Bamboo Mushroom, 1001—See:
Baleela, 1203 —Mushroom (varieties)
Bale-hannu, 822 Bambou-commun, 172
Balela, 1203 Bamiyah, 1
Bal-har, 1205—See:—Har Bamsulu, 1038
(varieties) Bamtsunt, 1038
 INDEX 733

Bamunhati, 354 Banduja, 932

Ban, 1041; A/216—See:—Hab- Bandukai, 486—See:—Kai or
ul-ban Kayi (varieties)
Ban-ada, 1308 Bandula, 951
Banafsha, 1274; 1275—See: — Banduray, 932
Bikh-e-banafshah Bandurgi, 457
Banafshah, 1274—See:—Guli- Ban fish, A/214—See:—Fish
banafshah (varieties); Indian Eel; Eel
Banahalak, 876 Bane—See:—Wolf's bane; Bug-
Banamethika, 786—See:—Me- bane
thica; Vanamethica Banga, M/116—See:—Bujr-
Banana, 822 banga; Pattra-banga
Bananier, 822 Banga-chappa, 201
Banaphsa, 1274 BangadivaUi, 689
Banapu, 1211 Ban-gal, 454
Banar, 282; A/191 Bangariki-lakri, 1264
Banarsi-rae, 216—See:—^Rae Bangaroo, M/32
Banbal-nag, 22—See:—Nag Bangikat, 1005
Ban-chalta, 732—See:—Chalta Bangla-badam, 1205—See:—
Banda, 608; 1276; 1277—See:— Badam
Kukurbanda Bangla Revanchini, 1056^—See:'
Bandadamara, 453 —Revanchini
Bandak, 999 Bangle-akrot, 61—See:—Akrot
Banda-kattala, 54 Ban-halad, 413—See:—Halad
Bandara—See:—Mota-bandara (varieties)
Bandari, 457 Bani, 800—See:—Gadabani
Bandarooku, 452 Banjari, 863
Bandaru, 457 Banjowan, 1130
Bandeegurjan, 433^-See:— • Banka, 1318
Gurjan Bankahu, 728
Bander—See:—Zawad-bander Ban-kakri, 994—See:—Kakri
Bandhujiva, 932 Bankando, 1257—See:—Kando
Bandhuka, 932 (varieties)
Bandhuli, 932 Bankapas, 629
Bandigarjana, 433—See:—Gar- Ban-kel, 822—See:—Kel
jana (varieties)
Bandi gurvina, 39—See:—Gur- Ban-kela, 608—See:—Kela
vina (varieties)
Bandimurududu, 247—See:— Bank-Myna, A/136
Murududu ' Bankudri, 1307
Bandinika—See:—Sundara- Banlaunga, 713
Bandinika Ban-mallica, 700—See:—Malli-
Bandolier Fruit, 1301 ka (varieties)
Bandoq-ke-jhad, 595 Ban-mendru, 457—See:—Men-
Bandra, 1131 dru
Bandri, 1131 Ban-methi, 391; 786, 1137; 1239
Bandrike, 457 See—Methi (varieties)
 734 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Ban mirich, 91—See:—Mirch; Bara-charayata, 532—See:—•.

Mirich (varieties) Charayatah
Banmudga, 937—See;—Mudga Bara-elacbi, 93—See;—Elachi
(varieties) (varieties)
Banmuga, 937 Baragachi, 394; 395
Banna, 1278 Bara-garri, 1048
Ban-natia, 999 Baragasha, 838
Banne, 183 Bara-gokhru, 926—See:— Go-
Bannilgach, 561 khru (varieties)
Ban-nimbu, 581—See:— Nim- Baragu, 899
bu (varieties) Barahmi, 1196
Bannu, 365 Bara-kanda, 1190—See :Kanda
Banosa, 1275—See:—Bag- (varieties)
banosa Bara-kanur, 389
Banpalang, 1080—See:—Pa- Barakatus, 1044
lang (varieties) Bara-keru, 526
"••Banpatrak, 1113 Barakhawar, 54
Banpiring, 786 Barakkanta, 932—See:—Kanta
Banraj, 183 (varieties)
Banri—See: —Narj il-banri Bara-kukur-ehita, 748—See:—
Banritha, 13 Chita; Kukurchita (vari-
Bans, 172—See:—Piyabans eties)
Bansa, 40; 561—See:—Chita- Barakulinjan, 77—See:—Ku-
bansa linjan (varieties)
Ban-sangli, 386 Barakunda, 700—See:—Kunda
Bansen, 391 (varieties)
Bans kaban, 444 Bara-Lasora, 379—See:—Laso-
Bansulpha, 561 ra; Chota-lasora
Bantepari, 951 Baraloniya, 1005
Banti, 896; 1190—See:—Cha- Baralunia, 1007—See:—^Lunia;
gulbanti; Khurbanti '' Chhota-lunia
Bantipariya, 951 Barami, 3
Bantulasi. 863—See:—Tulsi Baran, 1195
(varieties) Baranda, 865
Banura, 688 Barangum, 580
Banu-uchehhe, 271 Baranika, 1171
Banyan Tree, 543 Baranki, 1171
Barapatam, 679
Baoli, 680 Bara Ritha, 1102—See:—Ritha
Baphali, 377; 935 Bara-salpan, 556
Baphalle, 935
Bappayi, 273 Barasinga, A/153—See:— Sin-
ga (varieties)
Bar, 543—See:—Cinnabar;
Khashbar; Musabar; Musam- Bara-singoli, 333
bar; Musanbar; Sanaubar; Barasu, 526
Musabbar Barati, 1131
Barabi, 486 Baratindiala, 809
 INDEX 735

Baratunga—See:—Tukim-i- Barik motha, 428—See:—Mo-

baratianga tha (varieties)
Baravati, 460 Barik-til, 1126—See:—Til
Barbada, 679 (varieties)
Barbara, 9 Barilla, M/101—See:—Sajji-
Barbaramu, 9 khar
Barbati, 459 Bari-mahin, 1194—See:—Ma-
Barbatti, 480 hin
Barberry—See:— Indian bar- Bari-main, 1194—See:—Choti-
berry; Nepal-barberry; Oph- main; Magiyamain; Main
thalmic barberry; True bar- Baringi—See:—Shiama-baringi
ben-y Baringu, 247
Barbura—See:—Shveta-bar- Bariparni 976—See:—^Pami
bura (varieties)
Barbus sophore, A/214 Bari saunf, 557—See:—Badi-
Barebaha, 932 saunf; Saunf
Baree bach-chali, 1284—See:— Barisopha, 557
Bachah Barium, sulphuret—See:—
Bareekbhauri, 689—See:— Sulphuret of barium
Bhauri. Barkanghi, 8—See:—Kanghi
Barela—See:—^Pila-barela Barki-thohar, 529—See:—Tho-
Barengum, 580 har
Bargada, 543 Bark-tree—See:—Small-bark
Bargat, 543 tree
Barge-tanbol, 961—See:— Barlappasmen, 758
Tanbol Barleria—See:—^Yellow-bar-
Barghat, 543 leria
Bargund, 379 Barley, 653
Barhang, 986 Barlhiarisi, 653—See:—Arisi
Barhanta, 1149; 1226 (varieties)
Bari, 1278—See:—Asphari-i- Barma, 1196
bari; Sahadevi-bari; Valum- Bama, 387
bari; Kulbahebari; Shambli- Barnyard Millet, 896—See:—
debari American barn-yard millet;
Baria, 633 Millet (varieties)
Bariaca kareta, 1134 Baro-kala-garu, 626—See:—
Bariala—See:—Lal-bariala Kalagaru
Bariar, 1134 Barola, 651
Bariara, 1134 Baroli, 680
Bari-chobchini, 1144—See:— Baro-shialkanta, 133—See:—
Chobchini Shialkanta; Kanta
Baridachettu, 508 (varieties)
Bari-elachi, 93—See:—Elachi Barphali, 520
Barigalu, 942 Barri, 933—See:—Badinjan-i-
Barihannu, 1316 barri; Quisaul-barri; Yas-
Barijagonda, 541 mine-barri
Barijamu, 508 Barru, 1142
 736 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Barsunga, 195 Bastard Cedar, 1161—See:—

Bartaku, 1151 Cedar
Bartang, 986 Bastard Dittany, 448—See:—
Bartung, 986 Dittany
Baru, 106; 1160 Bastard saffron, 278—See:—
Barua—See:—Dhan-barua Saffron (varieties)
Barun, 387 Bastard sago, 280—See:—Sago
Barzhad, 541 Bastard Teak, 222—See:—Teak
Bas, 444 Bastard or Wild ipecacuanha,
Basak, 447 151—See:—Ipecacuanha;
Basalay, 1164 Wild ipecacuanha.
• Basale, 177 Bastra, 235
Basalula phare-hindi, 1256— Basuti—See:—Kali-basuti
See:—^Hindi (varieties) Bat, 543
Basanta—See:—Sveta-basanta Batagadle, 976; 977
Basar, 63 Bata-kshir, M/130—See:—
"^^ Basarai phudinaj, 789—See:— Kshir (varieties)
Pudinah & Phudina (varie- Batata, 1154
ties) Batate, 684
Basfaij, 1001 Bataten Trichter-winde, 684
Basi, M/54—See:—Bobbasi Batavi nemu, 345—See:—Nem-
Basic Carbonate of Plumbum, bu (varieties)
M/85— See:— Carbonate of Batbel, 334—See:—Bel
Plumbum Batbor, 548—See:—Bor
Basic Copper acetate, M/52— (varieties)
See:—Copper acetate Batengel, 1212
Basic Lead Carbonate, M/85— Baterpakhi, A/232
See:—Lead Carbonate Bathu, 89
Basil—See:—Bush-b a s i 1 ; Bathua, 305
G r e e n-basil; Holy-basil; Bathur, 1196
Shrubby-basil; Sweet-basil Bathu-sag, 305; 308—See:—
Basilic couvant de polls, 864 Sag (varieties)
Basilic Cultive, 861 Batmogri, 704—See:—Mogri
Basilic de-Ceylon, 863 (varieties)
Basilic Saint, 865 Bator-nebu, 345—See:—Nebu
Basilienkraut, 861 (varieties)
Basingh, 466; 532 Batrajee, 1031
Bas-ki-kasunda, 290—See:— Batsala—See:—Neerbatsala
Kasunda (varieties) Batsinjal, 1055
Basl, 63 Battal, 1037—See:—Mandi-
battal
Basna, 52 Batthal, 728—See:—Hal;
Basrai, 822—See:—Rai Dudh-batthal
(varieties) Batu, 396—See:—Kerukoh-
Basri—See:—Rangi-basri batu
Bassant, 673 Batula, 1108
Bassari, 551—See:—Ari Batulpoti, 334
 INDEX 73r

Batwasi, 556; 591 bean; Indian bean; Jack-

Batyalaka, 1134 bean; Kidney beans; Lima
Bauhinie Panachee, 937 pole bean; Molucca-bean;
Baulo, 801 Negro-bean; Pole-bean; Ran-
Baum woUpffanze, 587 goon-bean; Scarlet Runner
Bauni, 9 Bean; Runner-bean; Soya-
Eavachi, 1019—See:—Boba- bean; Soybean; St. Ignatius,
wachi beans; Sword bean; Tapery-
Baval, 9—See:—Gu-baval; Ka- beans. Common kidney-bean.
laoabaval; Kuebaval; Rato- BeaVdless wheat, 1243—See:—
baval; Jatabaval Wheat (varieties)
Bavanchalu, 1020 Beberang, 478
Bavanchi, 1020 Bebina, 827
Bavchi, 1020 Bebrang, 835
Bavto, 477 Beda, 1203—See—Shankat-ul-
Bavunji, 296 beda
Bawachi, 1019 Bedana, 191; 1286—See:—
Bawang, 63 Dana
Bawphal, 377 Bedanjir, 1065—See:—Anjir
Bayabirang, 480—See:—Birang Bedanjir-e-khatai, 166; 396—
Bay-berry 828—See:—Berry See:—Khatai (varieties)
or Berries (varieties) Bedellium—See:—Indian be-
Bayisa-gugula, 172—See:— dellium
Gugula Bede-mushk, 1089—See:—Mu-^
Baylaurels—See:—Sweetbay shk (varieties)
laurels Bedi, 1091—See:—Annabedi
Baypay, 776 Bedi Achim, 299
Bayrah, 1203 Bedina, 827
Baysalt, M93; M/108—See:— Bedisativa, 1283
Salt (varieties) Bedmishee, 1089
Bazabaza, 830 Bed-mushk, 1089—See:— M u -
Bazarula, 313; 403 shk (varieties)
Bazarul-banja,, 351 Bedolisutta, 892
Bazarul-Kattana, 743 Bedri jowars, 1161—See:—
Bazre-katima, 980 Jowars (varieties)
Bazrequatuna, 980 Bedru, 172
Bazri-ulabanja, 670 Bedun, A/162
Bazr-ul-khas, 719—See:—Khas Beech—See:—Indian beech
(varieties) Beef, A/141
Bead-tree—See:—Common Beejband, 1134
Bead-tree Beej Pak, 222
Beera—See:—Verri-beera
Beans — See:— Broad-bean;
Beerakaya, 751
Bush-bean; Chevaux defrise
bean; Chinese beans; Clus- Beer-bouhtee, A/155
ter-beans; Double - bean; Beerunda, 566
Flat-bean; French Haricot- Beet, 197—See:—Sea-beet; Su-
bean; Goa-bean; Haricot- gar sea-beet; Common beet;
738 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Garden beet Belawala-kai, 535—See:—Kai

Beetle—See:—^Mylabris beetle or Kayi (varieties)
Beet-root, 197 Beleric myrobalans, 1202—
Began—See:—Gur-began. See:—Myrobalan (varieties)
Begoon, or Begun, 1151— Beli, 742--See:—Amarbeli;
See:—Belathi begoon; Ram- Chandbeli
begun Belikamuli, 611—See;—Muli
Behada, 1203—See:—Yehela (varieties)
behada Belik zichi, 338
Behaira, 1203 Belipatta, 633
Behara, 1203 Belli, M/14
Behda, 1203 Bellipata, 633—See: —Pata
Behdur, 1119 (varieties)
Behedan, 1203 Belloti, 827
Behen, 1093 Belloti-gida, 827
Behesa, 1203 Bell pepper, 270—See:—Pep-,
Behesa, 1203 per (varieties)
Behidana, 1038—see:—^Dana Bellulli, 65—See:—Kadu bel-
(varieties) luUi
Bejulu, 375 Bellu-ponik, 1087
Bekh-akhawar, 809 Belpata, 633—See:—Pata
Bekhgillo, 356 (varieties)
Bekh-i-banfasa, 694—See:— Belpatri-phal, 535
Banafsha Belsion, 742
afsha Beluballi, 292
Bekh-sosan, 694—See: —Sosan Bena—^See: —Khas-bena;
Bekh-unjubaz, 999 Gandhabena
Bel, 45—See:—Ganabeli; Benares Pumpkin, 722—See:—
Bel, 45—See:—Amalb-el; Bat- Pumpkin (varieties) •
bel; Faridbel; Jamtike-bel; Benda, 629—See:—Chiriben-
Kandurikibel; Ganabel; da; Karpuri-benda; Thuteri-
Gorabel; Kathbel; Katbel; benda; Tuturabenda
Naibel; Panibel; Ranganki- turabenda
bel Bendakaya, 1
Bela, 45—See: —Gandha-bela; Bendarli, 758
Nayi-bela; Siyembela; Kan- Bendersiris, 431—See: —Siris
(varieties)
bela Bender-wel, 1282
Belambu, 163 Bendi, 1
Belapatre, 45 ' Bendri, 1282
Belanjirij, 120 Bengal currants, 266—See:—
Belathi-aloo, 1154—See: Aloo; Currants (varieties)
Alu Bengal gram, 311—See: —
Belathi-begoon, 756—See: — Gram (varieties)
Begoon; Begun Bengali guji, 822—See:—Gliji
Belatijan, 293—See:—Jan (va- Bengal kino, 222—See:—Kino
rieties) (varieties)
 INDEX 739

Bengal quince, 45—See:—Quin Betelnuse, 130

Benincasa cerifera, A/203 Betel-nut palm, 130—See:—
Benjuen, 352 Areca; Palm; betel-nut
Benkhajur, 280:—See:—Kha- Betelpfeffer, 960
jur; Kadu-Khajur; Kala- Bethonne, 1025
Khajur Bettada-bevu, 784—See: —
Bennay, A/178 Bevu
Ben-ochra, 1256—See:—Och- Bettada-haralu, 705—See: —
ra; Okra (varieties) Haralu (varieties)
Ben-okra, 1251—See: —Okra Bettakanagala, 448—See: —
(varieties) Kanagala (varieties)
Benval hemp, 392—See:—• Bettam, 233
Hemp (varieties) Bettir, 713 •
Benzoin tree, 1182—See: — Beva-rooku, 776
Gumbenzoin Bevilacque, 662
Ber, 1316; 1317—See:—Titm- Bevina-mara, 776
ber; Akalber Bevu — See:—Bettada-bevu;
Bera, 543 Chikkabevu
Beram—See: —Sringa-beram Huchha - bevu; Kahi-bevu;
Berang, 1203 Kari-bevu; Nela-baevu
Berela: —See:—Reet-berela; Beya, A/158
Safed-berela; Svet-berela; Bezoar—See:—Artificial •. be-
Pila-berela zoar
Berenda—See:—Bag-berenda Bezoar stone, M/97
Bergamot, orange, 341—See:— Bhadle, 1131
Orange (varieties) Bhadh, 899; 900; 1131
Berisu, 233. Bhadrak, 1113
Berjangri, 1316 Bhadramunja, 468
Berki-sehund, 529—See:— Se- Bhadram,usta, 428
hund Bhadramusti, 428—See:—
Bermuda, grass, 425 Musti (varieties)
Berries or Berry—See:—Bag-
Bhadra shree, 1098
berry; Black-berry; Caper-
berry; Fish-berry; Indian- Bhadravalli, 468; 1262
berry; Jujub-berries; Juni- Bhadu, 1280
per-berry; Stinking-Opal- Bhadulia —See: — Gandha-
berry; Straw-berry; Rasp- bhadulia
berry; Black Rasp-berry Bhagener, 764
Berti, 896 Bhai-birrung, 478
Beshakapore, 202 Bhain, 902
Besharam, 867 Bhaira, 1202
Bet, 233 Bhairah, 1203
Bhais, A / i 4 6
Betan, 236 Bhajarbettu, 384
Betasu, 233 Bhaji—See:—Chavel-Ke-bhaji;
Betel, 960 Ghantichi-bhaji; Gholiki-
Betel-leaf, pepper, 960—See: — bhaji; Kahola-bhaji; Mayalu-
Pepper (varieties) bhaji; Nalichi-bhaji; Nuni-
 740 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

bhaji; Valuchi-bhaji; Kobir- Bharla, 1203

sir-bhaji; Maya-ki-bhaji Bharti; 896
Bha-khumba, 1235 Bhas, 130
Bhakra, A/212 Bhat, 353; 581; 877—See:—
Bhalai, 556 •Vakerichebhat
Bhallataka, 1119 Bhatharu, 127
Bhallatamu, 1119 Bhathu, 127
Bhallavianga, 713 Bhati, 127
Bhalouje, A/153 Bhatia, 433
Bhalu-mash, 1148 Bhat Karola, 752
Bhamaburada, 202 Bhatkateya, 133
Bhamaruda, 201 Bhatmil —See:— Sialkanta-
Bhanavalo, 109—See:^-Valo bhatmil
(varieties) Bhatta, 877
Bhanbiri, —See:—Kiyon-bhan- Bhattada-huUu, 877
« bin; Kujubhanbin Bhatwan, 462; 581
•^ Bhanda, 576—See:—Gar dha- Bhaulan, 669
bhanda Bhauri—^See:—Bareekbhauri
Bhandaka, 1 Bhavai, 1019
Bhander—See:—Mach-bhander Bhavanbakra, 994—See:—Bak-
Bhandira, 353 ra
Bhang, 256—See:—Bagarbhang Bhavanchi-vittulu, 1020—Seer
Bhanga, 256; 1276—See:— —Vittulu (varieties)
Harbhanga Bhavarakta, 389
Bhangan, A/215 Bhavya, 448
Bhangara, M/32 Bhedi-janetet, 139
Bhangi, 256 Bheemseni camphor, 250—See:
Bhangjala, 433 —Camphor (varieties)
Bhangra, 489; 680; 1159; 1276; Bhees-khupra, 1228
1291 —See:—Pivalabhangra; Bheka, A/217
Kalabhangra Bhekal, 555
Bhangura, 25 Bhekkar, 40
Bhanra, 1291 Bhela, 1119
Bhant, 353 Bhelatuki, 1119
Bhanta, 1151 Bhenda, 1—See:—Chakra-
Bhantaki, 1149 benda; Vanabhenda
Bhapali, 378 Bhendan, 1
Bharangi, 354; 952; 1009 Bhende — See:— Chapper-
Bharangraj, 471
Bharati, 865 bhende
Bharband, 133 Bhendekayi, 1—See:—Kai;
Bharbari, 861 Kayi (varieties)
Bharbhari, 863 Bhendi, 1; 629—See:—Kapur-
Bharbhurwa, 133 bendi, Ranbhendi; Wagdau-
Bhargaram, 471 Bhendi
Bhargavi, 425 Bhendike-jij — See:—Mushk-
Bhargi, 354; 1009 bhendike-jij
 INDEX 741

Bhendo — See:— Ranbhendo Bhokani, A/215

Hodlo Ranbhendo; Kasturi- Bhokar, 379
bendo Bhokri, 1286
Bhensa.Bolo, 170—See:—Bol Bhooi-jam, 1009—See:—Jam
• Bhentia, 742 (varieties)
Bhera, 1202; A/212 Bhoota-Karalu, 615
1 Bherband, 133 Bhooteasse, 827
f Bherda, 1203 Bhooya-nankeri, 609
Bherdha, 1203—See:—Bon- Bhopla — See:—Dudh-bhopla;
bherenda Kadu-bhopla; Kala -bhopa-
Bherenda, 1065—See:—Bag- la; Kashi-bhopla; Lal-
bherenda; Gab-bherenda; bhopla; Ran-bhopla Tambda-
Sada-bherenda; Bag-berenda bhopla
Bhetki fish, A/214—See:—Fish Bhopla mirchi, 270—See:—
(varieties) Mirchi (varieties)
Bhiamu, 1119 Bhor, 552
Bhickma, 130 Bhora, 1060
Bhidi-Janelet, 1256 Bhoreeloth, 373
Bhikshugparivraji, 1162 Bhoringani, 1156—See:—Rin-
Bhilawa, 1119 gani (varieties)
Bhimb, 300 Bhramaka, M/55—See:—Maka
Bhimpal, 309 (varieties)
Bhimseni camphor—rSee:— Bhramara, (honey) A/192—
Camphor (varieties) See:—Honey (varieties)
Bhimseni Kapoor, 466—See:— Bhranda—See:—Lal-bhranda
Kapoor (varieties) Bhringaraj, 469; 471
Bhimseni kapur, 250—See:— Bhringi—See:—Pitabhringi
Kapur Bhuchampaka, 716—See:—
Bhin, 902 Champaka (varieties)
Bhinbin, 902 Bhuchampakamu, 716—See:—
Bhinda, 1 Champakamu (varieties)
Bhindi, 1; 628 Bhudina, 788
Bhindo —See:— Chanak- Bhuiamla, 947—See:—Amla
bhindo (varieties)
Bhindu, 1 Bhuiavala, 947—See:—Avala
Bhinga, M/123 (varieties)
Bhiralimada, 281 Bhuiavali, 949—See:—Avali
Bhirand, 566 (varieties)
Bhirmie, 1196 Bhulichampia, 716—See:—Bhu-
Bhishakpriya, 356; 1205—See: michampaka; C h a m paka;
—Priya (varieties) Champa (varieties)
Bhivia, 309 Bhuichampo, 716—See:—
Bhogimara—See;—Bilebhogi- Champo '
mara Bhuichana, 121—See:—Chana
Bhoising, 121 -See:—Sing (varieties)
(varieties) Bhuichane, 121—See:—Chane
Bhojapatra, 198 Bhuichapa, 716—See:—Chapa
742 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Bhui-dari, 1253—See:—Dari Bhumiringani, 1156—See:—

Bhui-dumur, 550—See:— Ringani (varieties)
Dumur Bhumkedhum, 1266
Bhuigholi, 1006~See:—Gholi Bhumyaamlaki, 947—See:—
Bhui-goli, 1007—See:—Goli Amlaki
Bhuiguli, 678—See:—Guli Bhunguru, 1126
(varieties) Bhunimha, 101; 1184—See:—
Bhuikakali, 519—See:—Kakali Nimba (varieties)
Bhuikanda, 1116—See:—Kanda Bhura-Jambol, 91—See:—
(varieties) Jambol
Bhui-kohala, 686—See:— Bhuringni, 1156—See:—Ringini
Kohala (varieties) (varieties)
Bhui-kumara, 1235—-See:— Bhurjapatra, 198
Kumara Bhurungi, 952
Bhuikumra, 686—See:—Kumra Bhusmoo—See:—Chitloo-
(varieties) bhusmoo
Bhuimug, 121—See:—Moog; Bhustrina, 104; 107
Mug (varieties) Bhut, 462; 581
Bhui-naringa, 842—See:— Bhuta-dhatri, 947—See:—
Naringa (varieties) Dhatri
Bhuiokra, 746—See:—Okra Bhutakesa, 827
(varieties) Bhutakesi, 383; 827
Bhuiringani, 1150—See:—^Rin- Bhutam Kusam, 395
gani (varieties) Bhutanga, 65
Bhuisarpati, 890-—See:— Bhutan-kusam, 395
Sarpati Bhutapala, 473; 474
Bhuisheng, 121—See:—Sheng Bhuta-vasah, 1202
Bhuising, 121—See:—Sing (va- Bhut-bhiravi, 1009
rieties) Bhutghata, 119
Bhui-tarwad, 288—See:—Tar- Bhuthala Bhairi, 395
wad Bhuththe, 1304
Bhui-tulsi, 1095—See:—Tulsi Bhut-jatt, 840
(varieties) Bhutkatya, 1156
Bhujpattra, 198—See:—Pattra Bhut Kesi, 383
(varieties); Tulasi (varieties) Bhutnasan, 537; 541
Bhu-kartaka, 1317—See:—Kar- Bhutphal, 473
taka Bhutrina, 111
Bhuma madiya, 893 Bhutta, 1304
Bhumbhuru, 130 Bhuttala, 54
Bhumibala, 1137—See:—Bala Bhu-tulasi, 862—See:—Tulasi
(varieties) (varieties)
Bhumichampaka 716—See::— Bhuya-terada, 735—See:—
Champaka (varieties) Terada
Bhumi-kumra, 686—See:— Bhuyavali, 947—See:—Avali
Kumra (varieties) Bhuyimaddi, 411—See:—
Bhumikushmanda, 686—See:— Maddi (varieties)
Kushmanda BJiytajata, 840
 INDEX 743;

Bibba, 1119 Biladur, 1119

Bib-bayi, 1119 Bil—See: —Zanj abil
Bibla, 1025 Bilaikad, 686
Biborate of Soda, M/103—See: Bilai-kand, 686; 1031—See: —
—Soda biborate • Kand (varieties)
Biborate of Sodium, M/103— Bilai-khand, 686
See:—Sodium biborate Bilamba, 163
Bibu, 651 Bilangra, 555
Bibzar koonti, 821 Bilangura, 555
Bichi—See:—Libi-bichi Bilasi, 387
Bichirbali, 823—See:—Bali Bilatee baigun, 756—See: —
(varieties) Baigunbilatee
Bichu, 771; 1258 Bilatibadam, 1011—See:—Ba-
BicRua, 771 dam (varieties)
Bichuti, 1226—See:—Jal- Bilay-chitramula, 990—See: —
bichuti Chitramula (varieties)
Bida, 800 Bilay kumbala, 185:—Kum-
Bidari, 526 bala (varieties)
Bidarikand, '686; 1031—See:— Bildi, 688
Kand (varieties) Bile—^ee:—Ox-bile; Five-biles
Bidastara—See:—Zanda- (panchapitta)
bidastara Bile-bhogimara, 1132—See: —
Biddari, 585 Bhogimara
Bighara, 599 Bile-bovu, _ 1132—See:—Bovu
Bihagni, 1000 (varieties)
Bihidana, 1038—See:—Dana Bile-Naidilay, 859—See: —Nai-
(varieties) dilay
Bih langani, 1000 Bile-nekki, 1278—See:—Nekki
Bijabuda, 1025 (varieties)
Bijan—See:—Miniak bijan Bile-Tavaray, 859-;rSee: —Ta-
Bijasar, 1025—See:—Sar (va- varay
rieties) Bilibilikayulu, 163
Bijband, 999; 1079; 1080; 1134 Biliburfa, 505
Bijindak, 736 Biliburuga, 505—See:—Buru-
Biji Sa-sarvi, 1140 gadamaram; Buruga
Bijore, 345 Biligara, M/103
Bijoura, 348 Bilim, 163
Bijtarka, 136 Bilimbikay, 163
Bikh, 23; 27; 30—See:—Maur-
Bilinuphal, 45
abikh Bilivaphal, 45
Bikh-e-banafshah, 694—See:
—Banafsha (varieties) Bil-jhunjhun, 394—See: —
Bikhe-hayata —See: —Tukhm- Jhunjhun (varieties)
i-bikhe-hayata Bilkambi, 797
Bikhe-mahaka, 582 Billa-ganneru, 1274—See: —
Bikhma^ 30 Ganneru (varieties)
Bikhmo—See: —^Kalo-bikhmo Billi-lotan, 846
 744 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Billimattin, 1198—See:—Matti Bird's Eye chilli, 270—See:

(varieties) Chilli; Chillies (varieties)
Billion-dollar grass, 896 Bird's meat, A/141—See
Bilor—See: —Zakebilor Meat, birds; Meat of deer
Bilva, 45 Birgo, 952
Bilvam, 45 Birha, 1203
Bilvamu, 45 Birhatta, 1149
Bilvapandu, 45 Biri—See:—Pade-biri, Valam-
Bilva-phala, 535 biri
Bimba, 300 Bir ikai—See: —Valumbirikai
Bimbal, 428 Birinjmogra, 600—See:—
Bimblee, 163 Mogra
Bimlipatam Jute, 628—See: — Birmi, 1196—See:—Zirnub-
Jute birmi
Bin—See:—^Napiya-bin; Sale- Birmolo, 556
^ ' bin; Tali-bin; Tamabin; Birmova, 556
Y Turanja-bin Biroz—See:—Gandhabiroz
Binbula, 163 Biroza—See:—Gandhabiroza
Bincha, 555 Birthwort, 138
Bincohamba, 573 Birthwort—See:—Indian birth-
Bindaal, 753 wort
Binduka, 698 Bis, 23; 1089
Binjoam, 352 Bisamrose, 1073—See:—Rose
Binko hamba, 717 (varieties)
Binkook TufJaarmina, 1013; Bish, 23; 27—See:—Katbish
1014 Bisha, 28; 579
Binnuga, 1252 Bishalanguli, 579—See:—Lan-
Biol, 935 guli
Bipem kanta, 1077—See: — Bishcopra, 1010—See:—Copra
Kanta (yarieties) Bish Kachu, 372—See:—
Bir—See:—Akalbir; Akkalbir Kachu; Kachur-Kachu
Birabavati, A/206 (varieties)
Biramadandu, 133 Bishkapra, 1228; 1229
Birandel, 566 Bishlambhi, 403
Birang—See: —Bayabirang Bishnag, 23—See:—Nag (va-
Biranga, 478—See: Baibirang rieties) ^
Birangi-i-Kabuli, 478 Bishnak, 27—See:—Nak
Biranj, 877 Bishop's Weed, 280; 1028—See:
—Weeds (varieties)
Biranjasif, 20 Bislambi, 405
Birbarang, 1159 Bissy Nuts, 1169
Birch-bark — See:— White- Bisidphide of Iron, M/66—See:
birch bark —Iron bisulphide
Bird-cherry, 1016— See: — Bisulphurette of Tin, M/115—
Cherry (varieties) See:—Tin bisulphurette
Birds—See: —Plavabirds; Pra- Bisva Tulasi, 861—See:—Tulasi
sahabirds; Pratudabirds (varieties)
 INDEX 745

Biswal, 17 Black darner, 254—See:—

Bithari, 281 Darner
Bithua, 431; 676 Black fish, A/216—See:—Fish
Bit-palang, 196; 197—See:— (varieties)
Palang (varieties) Black Gram, 940—See:—Gram
Bitsa, 1091 (varieties)
Bitter apple, 335—See:—Apple, Black Hellebore, 618—See:—
Indian bitter—apple etc. va- Hellebore
rieties Black musale, 411—See:—
Bitter-ash, 520—See:—Ash Musale
(varieties) Black mustard, 216; 1140—See:
Bitter bottle gourd, 721—See: Mustard (varieties)
—Bottle gourd. Gourd (va- Black-pepper, 969—See:—
rieties) Gourd small Pepper (varieties)
Bitter cucumber, 335—See:— Black Plum, 516—See:—Plxmi
Cucumber; Common-cucum- (varieties)
ber Black Prince, 1286—See:—
Bittere Luffe, 752—See:—Luffe Prince
(varieties) Black Raspberry, 1077—See:—
Bitter gourd, 805—See:— Raspberry
Gourd (varieties) Black Salt, M/98—See:—Salt
Bitter orange, 341—See:— (varieties)
Orange (varieties) Black spleen wort, 156—See:—
Bitter-sweet, 1148; 1150 Spleenwort
Bivalve sheU, A/211—See:— Black sulphide, (See:—Kaj-
Shell (varieties) jali), M/72—See:—Sulphide
Biyyam, 877 Black sulphide of Mercury,
Black adulsa, 714—See:— M/72 — See:—Sulphide of
Adulsa (varieties) Mercury; Mercurysulphide
Black antimony, M/13—See:— Black talc, M/123—See:—Talc
Antimony (varieHes) (varieties)
Blackberry, 516—See:—Berry Black Varnish tree, 776—See:
(varieties) —Varnish tree
Black Buck, A/143—See:— • Black wood, 432
Buck (varieties) Bladder—See Swimming
Black Catechu, 1 1 - S e e : - ^ i ^ ^ f ^^^ , , . . . ^
Catechu (varieties) Bladder-dock, 1080—See:—
Black-cherry, 1 0 7 7 - - S e e : - Bladderwack*560
Cherry (varieties) Blasenfruchitger Ampfer, 1079
Black cobra, A/220—See:— Blasen+ang, 560
Cobra (varieties) Blimbi, 163
Black cochineal. A/56—See:— Blimbu, 163
Cochineal (varieties) Blistering-fly—See:—Chinese
Black creeper, 674 blistering-fly
Black Cumin, 854—See:— Blood flower, 151
Cumin Blood—See:—^Dragons blood
48
 746 THE IiroiAN MATERIA MEDICA

Bloodveened Sage, 1093 Bogra, 351

Bloodveened Sage—See:—Sage Bohar, 543
(varieties) Bohera, 1203
Blue copperas, M/52—See:— Bohodani, 380
Copperas of Commerce (via- Bois de Hot, 633
rieties) Bois doux, 582
Blue Gum Tree, 512—See:— Bokhara plum, 1014—See: —
Gum tree Plum (varieties)
Blue Lotus, 695—See:—Lotus Bokkan, 607
(varieties) Bokkena, 746
Blue pine, 957—See:—^Pine Bokodu, A/212
(varieties) Bokudu chettu, 662
Blue silajit, M/23—See:—Sila- Bol, 170—See:—Bhensa Bol;
jit (varieties) Hirabol
Blue stone, M/52 Bola, 170; 633; 925
^jBlue vitriol, M/52—See:— Bolam, 170—See:—Karibolam
- Vitriol (varieties) Bole, Bole Armeniac, M/10—
Blue water-lily—See:—East See:—Armeniac Bole; Ar-*
Indian Blue Water-lily; menian Bole; Bole; Red-bole
Water-lily; Lily etc. (va- Bole (yellow) ochre, M/95—
rieties) See: —Ochre (varieties)
Bnah, 172 Bole Rubra, M/95—See:—
Boabab, 38 Rubra Bole
Bobawachi, 1019—See:— Bolsari, 801
Bavachi Bombalinas, 345
Bobbasi, 273—See:—Basi Bombay or East Indian Mas-.
Boberlu, 459 tiche, 975—See:— Mastiche
Bob-lar-nari, 1282—See:— (varieties)
Nari. Bombay Hemp, 392—See: —
Bodapatra, 596 Hemp (varieties)
Bodarakakaro, M/86 Bombay Mace, 834—See: —
Bodasarum, 1167 Mace
Bodda, 548^-See:—Karaka- Bommajemudu, 522
bodda; Kukkabodda Bona Jowan, 1219:—See.—-
Boddakura, 1007—See:—Kura Jowan
(varieties) Bon-bheranda, 705—See: —
Bodha, 271 Bherenda '
Bodichettu, 759 Bonda—See: —^Makaibonda
Boedatarapu-chettu, 1162 Bondayi, 894
Boel—See:—Pivalaiioel; Kala- Bonc|-na-cha, A/205—See: —
boel Cha.
Boephol, 446
Bogari, 1316, Boggu—See:— Bonduc — See:—Guilandina-
bonduc
Kattaboggu
Bogi—See:—^Karu-bogi Bonducella nut, 226
Bogi-vittulu, 1020—See:— Bonducjaune, 226
Vittulu (varieties) Bondula-gida, 950
 -INDEX 747

Bone —See:—Cuttle-fish-bone; Borax, M/103—See:—Crude-

Fish-bone borax
Bonga, 172 Borax tynkal, M/103
Bongataini, 519 Bori, 396; 1316
Bongrut, 127 Borkut (in text) 1316
Bongzam, 978 Borneo-camphor, 250—See: —
Bonjoi, 352 Camphor (varieties)
Bon-khoye, 8 Borneo and Sumatra Camphor,
Bonmethi, 1134; 1138—See: — 466—See: —Camphor (va-^
Methi (varieties) rieties)
Bon-nil, 561—See:—Nil (va- Bornite, M/49
rieties) BorsaH, 801
Bon-nimbu, 922—See:—Nimbu Boruna, 1280
(varieties) Bos indicus, A/202
Bon-okra, 1297—See: —Okra BoswelHe dentele, 211
(varieties) Bot, 543
Bonpalang, 1159—See:—^Pal- Botee-Jam, 518—See:—Jam
ang (varieties) (varieties)
Bon-patol, 1235—See:—Patol Bottah, 1304
Bontamaku, 1266—See: —Ta- Bottle-gourd — See:—Bitter-
maku (varieties) bottle-gourd; Indian bottle-
Bonthakalli, 522—See:—Kalli gourd : —See: —Gourd (va-
(varieties) rieties)
Bonthekalli, 522—See:—Kalli Bottle grass, 1131
(varieties) Botuku, 379
Bontil, 676 Boire—See:—Bile-boire
Bonveri, 932 Box Myrtle, 828—See:—Myrtle
Boodigummadi, 185—See: — Boyal fish, A/214—See:—Fish
Gummadi (varieties) (varieties)
Boodi kumbala, 185—See:— Boyra, 1203
Kumbala (varieties) Bozid^na, 1037i—See: -—Dana
Booligi, 474 (varieties)
Boomi-jambuka, 1009—See: — Braa, 373
Jambuka Brab tree, 209
Boorugachettu — See: — Mun- Brahati, 1149
dlaboorugachettu Brahmabuti, 662
Boorugada-mara, 208 Brahmadandi, 468
Boot, 311 Brahma-kuraku, 662—See:
Bopla, 722 Kuraku
Bor, 543; 1316—See:—Bat- Brahma-manduki, 662—See: —
bor; Chanya-bor; Jungle-bor; Manduki
Moto-bor Brahmamlika, 38—See:—^Am-
Bora, 1272—See: —^Khorasani- lika
bora; Nun-bora Brahmdandichettu, 133
Brahmi, 624; 662—See:—Jala-
Borage—See:—Country borage brahmi; Kar-brahmi; Neer-
Borate of Sodium—See: — brahmi; Nirbrami; Manduk-
Sodium Borate brammi ' ''
 748 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Brahmmadandu, 133 Brush-tree: — See:—Tooth-

Bjralakrati—See: —^Neelabralai- brush-tree
krati Brussels sprouts, 217—See: —
Brambhi, 624 Sprouts
Bramble, 1077 Bryoms, 219
Bramhadandi, 724; 1234 Buah Kaduka, 1206—See: —
Bras, 877 Kaduka
Brasiletto, 230 Bubalo, A/156
Brassica capitata, A/203 Buchanaka, 121
Brassica oleracea, A/203 Bueh-nak-hindi, 579—See: —
Bratta, 486 Hindi (varieties)
Brazil pepper, 269—See: — Buck—See:—^Black buck
Pepper (varieties) Buck wheat, 534—See: —
Bread—See: —^Way-bread Wheat (varieties),
Bread-shot — See:—^Indian Budamakaya, 951
\ Bread-shot Budbar, 519
Brede-puante, 351 Budbara, 519
Bredo-mamma, 351 Buddaka-kara, 271—See: —
Brela, 1134 Kakarakara (varieties)
Brihatika, 333 Budha, 1089
Brihatphala, 755 Budhokizerangi, A/206
Brihat-upa kunchika, 93—See: Budithi gummidi, 185—See: —
—^Kunchika; Upa-kunchika Gummidi (varieties)
Brihatvaka, 80—5ee:—^Vaka Budjori-dha-mun, 506
(varieties) Budrung, 1303
Brihmi-sak, 624—See:—Sak Budrunjboya, 786
(varieties) Buffalo, A/146
Brimla, 297 Buffalo's milk, A/175—See: —
Brimposh, 858 Milk (varieties)
Brimstone, M/119 Bugbane, 314-—See: —^Bane
Brindao, 566 (varieties)
Brinjal, 1151 Buhul, 380
Broach, 587 Buhura, 1203
Broad bean, 533—See:—^Beans Bui, 167; 890; 1031
(varieties) Bui-maderan, 20
Brojonali, 1303 Buin, 987
Broom-corn Millet, 898—See: Bujagumbala, 686 — See: —
—Corn millet; Millet (va- Gumbala (varieties)
rieties) Bujrbanga, 433—See: —^Banga;
Brown algae, 560—See: — Pattrabanga
Algae; Redalgae Bukkapuchettu, 230
Brown Indian hemp 628—See: Buko, 52
—^Hemp; Indian hemp Buk-slat-ul-mulik, 561
Brown Mustard, 215—See: — Bulgar —See:—^Bulgar-jangli,
Mustard (varieties) 51—See:—Jangli bulgar
Bruhi, 268 Buli, 1170—See:—Surbuli
Brunnu, 392 Buliun, 1212
 INDEX 749

Bullock's heart or true custard Buroni, 550

apple of America, 115 Bursha, 371
BuUrush Millet 930:—See: —
Buruga—See: —Adavi-buruga
Millet (varieties)
Bull's heart, 115 Burugadamaram, 362—See: —
Bulmuj, 441 Biliburuga; Buruga
Bulpam, M/96 Buru-katkon-charee, 503
Bulu, 1061 BuruUa-guralia, 733
Bun, 365 Burundi, 617
Bund, 365 Buruyasauna, 505
Bundar, 556 Bush-basil, 864—See: —^Basil
Bundarlati, 285 (varieties)
Bunga-pala, 830 Bushbean, 940—See;—^Bean
Bungrah Mochrand, 469 (varieties)
Bunlanga — See:—Lal-bun- Bushpala, 830—See: —Pala
langa (varieties)
Bunna, 365 Bussud, A/156
Bun-okra, 1251—See:—Okra Bustan Afroz, 89
(varieties) Buta, 1168
Bun-palung, 1080 Butai—See: —Chingambutai
Bun-piring, 1239 Buta-Kudambe, 1168—See: —
Buporio—See:—Adban^ bupo- Kudambe
rio Butali, 594
Bur, 107; 543 Butan-kusham, 114
Buraekes-saghah, M/103 Butchnab, 27
Buraga—See: —Kondaburaga Butea-gum, 222
Bunashama, 895 Butee-feuillue, 222
Buraye, 933 s^ Buthur, 1196
Burg-sadab, 524—See:—Sadab Buti—See: —Zarbuti
Burhan-palak, 1164—See: — Butkalai, 311—See: —Kalai
Palak (varieties) Butshur, 486
Burhna, 1031 Butsnabbish, 27
Buri—See: —Shadaburi Butt—See: —Wooly butt
Burkai, 751—See:—Kai or Butter, A/176; A/178—See: —
Kayi (varieties) Clariiied butter; cream-
Burkas, 474 butter; Phulwara-butter
Burmie, 1196 Kokum butter
Burning bush, 520 Butter fish, A/214—See:—Fish
Burnt alum, M/6—See: —Dried (varieties)
alum; Alum burnt; Alum Butterfly-pea, 354—See: —^Pea
Burnt fish, A/216—See:—Fish (varieties)
(varieties) Butter-milk, A/176—See: —
Burnt hme, M/44—See: — Milk (varieties)
Lime; Caustic lime, etc. Butter-tree—See:—Indian but-
Buro-bahuri, 379 ter tree
Buro-choocha, 427—See: —Cha Butter-weed, shaggy, 1162
Buroja—See:—Ghandhaburoja Button—See: —Quaker button
 750 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Button-quals, (birds,) A/232 Galurana, 618

Buzaganja, 975—See:—Ganja Galx;—See:—Pewter-calx
(varieties) Gambi resin, 569—See:—^Resin
Buzoorbutu, 422 Gamel, A/146
Buzrool, 670 Gamel's thistle, 468—See: —
Burzula, 354 Thistle (varieties)
Byakura, 1149—See:—Kura Gamel's thorn, 611
(varieties) Gamomile, 772
Byang, A/217 Gamphor, 250; 466—See: —
Byclospa, 237 Bheemseni camphor; Borneo
camphor; Sumatra camphor
Gamphor-plant, 117
Gamphor-wood —See:—Nepal
Gabardine musk, A/198—See: camphor-wood
—Musk (varieties) Gamphre, 250
•Gabasse, 1214 Ganada Fleabane, 504—See:
t'Gabbage, 216 Fleabane; Ash-coloured flea-
' Gabbage Rose, 1071—See: — bane, etc.
Rose (varieties) Ganarese Pepper, 972—See: —
Gabosse, 1214 Pepper (varieties)
Gacao, 148; 1214 Ganari-telli mara, 254—See: —
Gadaba—See: —Indian cadaba Tellimara
Gadjan pea, 231—See:—^Pea Gandle nut, 61
(varieties) Gani—See: —Gada-cani
Gafeie-d Arabie, 365 Ganne a Sucre, 1083
Gaffi, 365 Ganiram —See: —Modira-cani-
Gahwa, 365 ram
Gajenneam, 469 Gannelle, 328
Gajuputi, 775 Gantharides, A/207
Gajuputti, 775 Gape gooseberry, 9 5 1 — S e e : ^
Gajuput Tree, 775 Gooseberry, etc.
Calamine, M/131—See:—Na- Gaper berry, 265—See:—Berry
tive Galamine (varieties)
Galartori, 1234—See: —Tori Gaper plant, 265
(varieties) Gaper, three-leaved—See: —
Galcium sulphate, exiccated— Three-leaved caper
See: —^Exsiccated calcium Gapok tree, 505
sulphate; Sulphate of calcium Gapra ibex, A/202
Galdera Bush, 894 Garamumii payira, 1272
Galedium—See: —Great-leaved Garamunny-pyre, 459
caledium Garata, 54
Galf's feet jelly, A/136—See: —
Jelly Garavalla Seeds, 599
Gallichrous pabda, A/214 Garaway Seed, 409
Galtrops—See:—Indian cal- Garbonate of Plumbum—See:
trops; Small caltrops —Basic carbonate of Plum-
Galumba—See:—False calum- bum
ba Garbonate of Potash—See:—^
 INDEX 751

Impure or factitious carbon- cast Wrought Iron; (variet-

ate of Potash ies)
Carbonate of Potasium—See: Castor, A/147
—Impure or factitious carbo- Castor-oil plant, 1065
nate of Potash Cast or wrought Iron, M/55—
Carbonate of Soda—See: — See: —Iron
Crude carbonate of Soda; Cat—See:—Civet cat
Soda carbonate Cataloup, 402
Carbonate of Sodium—See: — Catechu, 11-See:—Black ca-
Sodium carbonate techu; Pale-catechu
Carbonate of zinc, M/131— Cat fish, A/214; A/216—See:—
See: —Zinc Fish (varieties).
Carbonate Potassic—See: — Catjan, 231
Potassic-carbonate Catkins—See:—^Dried catkins
Cardamom, 475—See:—Ceylon Catmint—See:—Malabar cat-
cardamom; Gallanga carda- mint
mom; Greater cardamom; Catserina, 175
Lesser cardamom; Malabar Cat's hair, 526
cardamom Cat-tail millet, 930—See:—
Cardamom Elettarie, 475 Millet (varieties)
Carmeutine Couchee, 714 Cauliflower, 215; 218
Carookoova, 1315 Causjan-cora, 263
Carotte Cultive, 441 Caustic lime, M/44—See:— '
Carrageen, 310 Lime; Burnt lime, etc.
Carrihari, 579 (varieties)
Carrot, 440—See:—Wild car- Cavandishi, 822
rot Cayenne pepper, 268; 270—
Carthagena i{)ecacuanha, 1023 See:—Pepper (varieties)
—See:—Ipecacienha (va- Cece, 311
rieties) Cedar—See:—Bastard cedar,
Cartheme, 278 Himalayan-cedar
Cart-track Plant, 986 Celery, 119—See:—Wild celery
Carvella, 351 Cemeiner wunderbaum, 1065
Casein, A/179 Cestrum noctumum, A/203
Caserychedi, 787 Ceti—See:—Oleumceti
Cashew nut, 96 Ceylon cardamom, 93—See:—
Cassarva, 769 Cardamom
Cassava, 706 Ceylon cow-plant, 596—See:—
Cassia, 291—See:—Chinese Cow plant
cassia; Foetid cassia; Tan- Ceylonishche Bleiwurz, 990
ner's cassia Ceylon Jasmine, 1189—See:—
Cassia cinnamon, 331—See: — Jasmine (varieties)
Cinnamon (varieties) Ceylon leadwort, 990
Castalla lotus—See:—^Egyptian Ceylon moss, 591—See:—Moss
Castalia lotus; Lotus (va- (varieties)
rieties) Cha, 247—See:—(Gavatichaha;
Cassia flower, 14 Bond-na-cha; Buro-choocha;
Cast-iron, M/56—See: —Iron, Chaha; Dhaincha; Hingcha
 752 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Chab, 964 Chakulia, 1255

Chabai, 268 Chakunda, 289; 291—See: —
Chabchi^i, 964—See:—Chini Kunda (varieties)
(varieties) Chakur, 282—See:—Kur
Chaburanja, A/212 Chakusina-gida—See:—
Chachar, 191 Avarike chakusina-gida
Chachinda, 1234 Chak-wat, 305
Chachinga, 1234 Chakwit, 305
Chadu-til, 1126—See:—Til Chalava-miriyalu, 400—See:—
(varieties) Miriyalu (varieties)
Chae-kashmiri, 104 Chali-mara, 1181
Chaemp, 148 Chalita, 448
Chaff-flower—See:—^Priakly Chalk, M/41—See:—French
chaff-flower chalk; Purified French chalk;
Chaff-free—See:—^Rough chaff- Red chalk
^ free Chalk Kumrha, 185—See: —
"' Cha-gaca, 1213 Kumra; Kumrha (varieties);
Chagalanghri, 689 Desi-Kumrah; Shada-Kumra
Chagal koshtam, 1108—See:— Challa, 723
Koshta, Koshtam (varieties) Challa gaddalu, 154
Chagalkuri, 689—See:—Kuri ChaUagumudu, 585—See: —•
(varieties) Gumudu
Chagulbanti, 430—See:—Banti Challani, 456
Chaha—See:—Cha; Gavati- Chalodra, 477
chaha; Haree-chaha; Paticha- Chalta, 448—See:—Ban-chalta
chaha; Sugandhichaha Chalukondee, 617
Chahna, 311 Cham—See: —Pilacham
Chai, 247; 964 Chama, 372
Chair, 964 Chamaba, 702
Tanner's cassia Chamada, 282
Chairatali—See:—^Yerra Cham.antipu— See:— Shimai-
chairataH chamantipu
Chaka, M/41 Chamantipushpam —See:—•
Chakar ei—See: —J'umi- Sima-chamantipushpam.
chakarei Chamara, 351
Chakemdia, 431 Chamari, 1009
Chakkerakumpalan, 407 Chamarien, 923
Chakor, A/138 Chamarikavel, 468
Chakot, 345 Chamarmuh, 1282—See:—Muli
Chakota, 1114 (varieties)
Chakotra, 345 ChamauUi-pushpamu — See:—
Chakrabhenda, 8 — See: — ShimachamaulM-pushpamu
Bhenda (varieties) Chambeli, 701
Chakramarda, 291 Chambul, 1049
Chaksie, 282 Chamel, 183
Chaksoo, 282 Chameh, 700; 701 — See:—
Chaksu, 282 Chemeli; Vilati-chemeli
Chakua, 61 Chamiari, 1015
 INDEX 753

Chamitha—See: —Jhadi- Chanak bhindo, 629—See: —

Chamitha Bhindo
Chamkurakagadda, 148—See: Chan-chandanam, 1026—See:
—Gadda (varieties) —Chandanam (varieties)
Chamokung, 1183 Chancharamari, 202
Chamomile, 117 Chand—See: —Chota-chand;
Chamoti, 795 Safarchand
Champ—See:—Oulia champ Chandakuda, 128—See:—Kuda
Champa, 795 — See:—Bhu- (varieties)
champa; Gobar-champa; Chandamaram, 630
Golden-champa; Gorur- Chandan, 1098—See:—Swet-
champa; Hill-ehampa;> Kal- chandan; Gopichandan;
champa; Kanakchampa; Gury-chandan; Pit-chandan;
Kantali-champa; Khaircham- Sada-chandan; Safed-chan-
pa; Nagchampa; Klshira- dan; Swetchandan
champa; Pilachampa; Pilo- Chandana — See:—^Miniak-
champa; Punnag-champa; chandana, Raktachandana;
Sonchampa; Sultanachampa; Kuchandana; Lal-chandana
3^ellow-champa Chandanakattai, 1098
Charhpac, 794—See: ~ R a i - Chandanam, 1098—See: —
champae Chan-chandanam; Shen-
Champai, 1130 chandanam
Champaka, 794; 993—See:— Chandanbatva, 160; 305
Bhumichampaka; Bhucham- Chandan betu, 305
paka ChandbeU, 892—See: —Beli;
Champakam, 795—See: —Naga- Amarbeli
champakam; Veilltta-cham- Chandena-maram, 1098
pakam Chanderee, 763
Champakamu, 795 — See:— Chandi, M/14
Bhu champakamu Chandila, 922
Champarutti, 631—See:—^Par- Chandivadio, 759
rutti (varieties) Chandkal, 759
Champay, 795 Chandla, 128
Champe—See: —Nagachampe Chandna, 748
Champeryah, 792 Chandni, 1189
Champo — See:—^Bhui- Chandra, 800; 893; 1050
pochampo; Rhadchampo Chandrahittu, 761
Champ-piingat, 993 Chandra-kantha, 803
Champu—See: —Kalo- Chandra-moola, 715—See
champu Moola (varieties)
Chamror, 472 Chandramulika, 715—See: —
Chamyar, 446 Mulika (varieties)
Chan, 877
Chandrapada, 137—See: —
Ghana, 311; 459—See:—Bhui-
chana; Harbarchana; Narun- Pada (varieties)
chana; Seochana; Tikchana Chandrasura, 736
Chanaka, 311 Chandrika, 1050
Chanakamulu, 311 Chandua, 1055
754 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Chandumula, 715—See: —Mula Charcoal — See:—^Medicinal

(varieties) charcoal; Wood-charcoal
Chandurakkalli, 522—See: — Char-de-Venus, 23
Kalli (varieties)
Chandwar, 759 Charela, 922.
Chane—See:—Bhuichane Charita, 717
Changeri, 890; 1080 Charkicharoli, 221—See: —
Chajinak-koova, 385—See: — Charoli
Koova : Charmaghz, 709
Channangi, 734 Charo—See: —Surpano-charo
Chano, 311—See:—Nanchano Charoli, 221—See: - C h a r k i -
Chanothi, 5 ' charoli
Chans, A/179 Chasa-mizaja, 282
Chansaur, 736 Chasauma, 282
Chanu, 119 Chashami-Khurosa, 5
Chanupalavittulu, 282—See: — Chaste-tree—See:—Five
Vittulu (varieties) -leaved chaste tree
Chanura, 459 Chatak, A/155
Chanya-bor, 1317—See:—Bor. Chataka, A/155; A/212
Chaiiyapallo — See:—Kadu- Chata-rashi, 561
chanyapallo Chatomarak—See: —^Tandi-
Chapa—See: —Bhuichapa chatomarak
Chapala—See: —Navanchapala Chatri, 191
Chappalsund, 872 Chatriwal, 523
Chappanam, 230 Chattrak, 51
Chapperbadnekai, 756—See: — Chattu-elupa, 1203
Badanekayi; Kali or Kayi Chattu-mallika, 700—See: —
(varieties) Mallika (varieties)
Chappar-bhende, 756—See:— Chatukuppa, 935—See: —
Bhende Kuppa; Sadakuppa
Chapra, 835 Chatung, 1197
Chara, 221—See:—Chiman- Chatiira-raaUikei, 835—See: —
chara; Kasschara Mallikei f
Charachi, 594 Chaturkalli, 522—See: —Kalli
Charaigorwa, 1280 (varie'ties)
Charai-pakhi, A/212 Chaul, 877
Charak, 580 Chaulai, 89
Chara-mamidi, 221—See: — Chaulia, 1078—See: —Gorak--
Mamidi (varieties) chaulia
Charangi, 952 Chauhnoogra, 658; 1195
Charas, 256 Chaulmugra, 600—See:—Small
chauhnugra; Mugra
Charati, 683 Chauri, 473
Charayatah, 507; 1184—See: — Chavakayimaram, 1103
Bara-charayata; Kiryat- Chaval, 877
charayatah Chavala, 1272
Charbee, A/136 Chavdari ghevda, 461—See: —
Charbi, A/229 Ghevda (varieties)
 INDEX 755

Chavel-Ke-bhaji, 1000—See:— ChempuUanhi, 373

Bhaji (vairieties) Chenchineerkilang, 716
Chaviaka, 964 Chendurakam, 278—
Chavli, 90; 459; 1272—See: — Chengeri tenga, 890—See: —
Dang-chavli Tenga
Chavli-kai, 420—See:—Kai or Chengulva, 1108
Kayi (varieties) Chenkolam, 1227
Chavya, 964 Chennanayakam, 75
Chavyam, 964 Chennangi, 723
Chaya, 49 Cheno, 653; 899
Chayapul, 104 Cheppu neringie, 678—See: —
Chaya-pula, 338 Nerinji
Chayaver, 869 Cheppunerinjal, 1054—See: —
Chay-beru, 610 Nerinjal (varieties)
Chaynd-potla, 1235—See: — Cheppunjerinjal, 652
Potla (varieties) Cheppu vajaram, A/135—See:
Chayruka, 266 —Vajaram (varieties)
Chay-ver, 610 Cherailu, 1060
Chchangayi—See: — Cheraken, 396
Perichchangayi Cheretta, 1186
Chebira, 933 Cheria, 165
Chebulic Myrobalan, 1205— Cheriman Shertinamu, 375
See: —Myrobalan Cherimoya, 115
C h e d * ^ 698—See:—Tumbai- Cherimoyer, 115
cheddi; Yellu-cheddie; Kan- Cheriveru, 610
damani-cheddi Chermara, 1119
Cheekaya, 13 Cherorta, 717
Cheen Karpooram, 250—See: Cher-ragaddhamu, 678
Karpooram; Karpooran- Cherry, 1016—See:—Bird
cheena etc. (varieties)- cherry; Black-cherry;
Cheerakam, 408 Wintercherry
Cheese, A/176; A/178 Cherry pepper, 269—See:—
Cheeyakayi, 13—See:—^Kai or Pepper (varieties)
Kayi (varieties) Cherry plum, 1014—See: —
Chehur, 184 Plum (varieties)
Cheka-pami, 662—See:—Pami Cheruchunda, 1149
(varieties) Cheruku, 1083
Chekkikotuveri, ^ 989—See: — Cheru-Nagapu, 792—See: —
Kotuveri (varieties) Nagapu
Chekoradi, 225 Cherunarakam, 342—See: —
Chel-beey, 1181
Chelmeri, 163 Narakami
Cheluppai-maram, 474 Cherunaranga, 342—See: —
Chelwa, 633 Narang
Chemeli—See: —Chameli Cherunerinche, 1229—See: —
Chemit Meeth, M/109 Nerinche
Chemmaram, 58 Cheruparuva, 1134—See: —
Chemparavalli, 1283 Paruva
 756 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Cherupayar, 939—See: — See: Angur; Anjur; Jangli-

Payar anjur
Cheru-peeram, 751—See: — Chhotakanvar, 75—See:—^Kan-
Peeram var (varieties)
Cherupi-chhakam, 704 Chhota-kulpha, 1233—See: —
Cherupinnay, 237—See:— Kulpha
Pinnay Chhota Lunia, 1005—See: —
Cheru-puUate, 678—See: — Lunia (varieties)
Pullate Chhota-pilu, 1092—See:—Pilu
Cherupuna, 236 Chhota sondal, 933—See: —
Cheruteku, 354 Sondal
Chestnuts—See: —Indian Chhote-kase, 1088—See: —
Water-chestnut; Water Kase (varieties)
Chestnut; Sweet-chestnuts Chhoti-ami, 352—See:—Ami
Chetain, 1055 (varieties)
Chethasahacharam, 174 Chhoti-dudhi, 529—See: —
. Cheti-Potla, 1235—See:—Potla Dudhi
(varieties) Chhoti Elachi, 475—See: —
Chetni-marugu, 788—See:— Elachi (varieties)
Marugu Chhoti Jimgli pyaz, 1116—See:
Chevaux defrise bean, 461— —Jungh-piyaz; piyaz
See:—^Bean (varieties) (varieties)
Chevulapilli, 685 Chhuhara, 943
Chewa, 486 Chian, 486
Chha, 247—See:—Tapichha Chian Turpentine Tree, 975—
Chhagal-bati, 430 See:—^Turpentine tree
Chhagalkhuri, 685 Chibudo—See: —Katha-
Chhagul-puputi, 523 chibudo
Chhalgudi, 1260 Chichinda, 1234
Chhanho, 338 Chichinga, 1234 ,
Chhatim, 80 Chichonda, 1234—See: —
Chhatiun, 80 Jangli-chichonda
Chaatra, (honey) A/192—See: Chichora, 1117—See:—
—^Honeys Chora; Amlina-chichora
Chhattri, 50 Chichra, 222
Chhibhar, 425 Chickana, 748
Chhikani, 299—See:—Nakk- Chicken-pea, 311—See: —Pea
chhikni (varieties)
Chhikika, 299 Chickhng Vetch, 726—See: —
Chhikkur, 800 Vetch (varieties)
Chickwar, 130
Chhip, A/145
Chicory, 313—See:—Wild '
Chhipa, A/145 chicory
Chholongo nebu, 348—See:— Chiduram, 396
Nebu (varieties) Chiendent, 425
Chhota-Dudhilata, 596—See: — Chikali, 20
Dudhialata Chikana, 1134
Chhota Jangli Anjur, 553— Chikanki, 433
 INDEX 757

C h i k k a Bevu, 784—See: — Chinaigas, 591—See:—Ghas

Bevu (varieties) (varieties)
Chikkana, 299 Chinai-ghas, 571—See; —^Ghas
Chikku, 20 (varieties)
Chikkudu—See: —Karuchi- Chinai-gond, 1025—^ee: —
kkudu Gond
Chikmimati, M/7—See:—Mati Chinai-katha, 1254—See: —
(varieties) Katha
Chikni—See:—^Nakchikni ChinaisaHta, 973—See: —Salita
Chikni mitti, M/6—See:—Mitti China (or Chinese) musk,
(varieties) A/197—See:—Musk
Chikri, 225 (varieties)
Chikti, 1251 China or Chinese Rose, 630—
Chil, 958 See:—^Rose (varieties)
Chilakathotakura, 91—See: — China-pairu, 1143—See: —
K u r a (varieties) Pairu
Chilara, 281 China-paivu, 1143—See: —
Chilauni, 1114 Paivu
Chilgoza, 957 China root, 1143
Chili ragha, 3—See:—^Ragha China Rose—See:—China rose
Chilla, 281; 532 Chinaru, 1013
ChiUa-Chet+u, 1181 Chinch, 1191~See:—Gorakh-
Chillara, 283 chinch
Chilli, 282—See:—Bird's eye Chincharti, 1150
chilli; Purplechilli Chinchino, 433
Chillies, 270—See:—ChilU ' Chinchoka, 1191
Chilta, 448 Chin-chulan, 308
Chilta-tumiki, 454—See: — Chindar, 389
Tumiki Chinduga—See: —Sima-
Chiluchi, 695 chinduga
Chimanchara, 111—See: — Chinduvaram, 1278—See: —
Chara; -I^sschara Varam (varieties)
Chimani—See: —Ranchitnani Chinee badam 121—See: —
Ch'mar, 282 Badam (varieties)
Chimnati, 680 Chinese Beans, 1272—See: —
Chimpigyan hullu, 896 Beans (varieties)
Chimul, 1060 Chinese Blistering fly, A/206
Chimurudu, 225 —See: —Blistering-fly
China, 451; 898; 1253—See: Chinese Cassia, 328—See:—
—Shuk-china Cassia (varieties)
China-alla, 1143—See:—Alia Chinese Flower Plant. 892
China box, 821 Chinese gooseberry, 164—See:
China clay, M/7—See:—Clay; —Gooseberry (varieties)
Porcelain clay Chinese honey-suckle,' 1046—
China-dulogondi, 1;226—See:— See: —Honey-suckle
Dulogondi Chinese is'nglass, A/135—See:
Chinaghas, 570; 1299—See: — American and Japanese isin-
Ghas (varieties) glass; Isinglass
758 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Chinese Moon-creeper, 892— Chipuru-tige, 362—See:—^ige

See: —^Moon-creeper (varieties)
Chinese orange, 339—See:— Chir, 958
Orange (varieties) Chiraita, 1184
Chinese Rose—See:—Rose; Chirakam—See:—Karin-
China rose (varieties) chirakam
Chinese Yam, 449—See:—Yam Chirambola, 163
(varieties) Chiraputi, 1301
Chinesishe BaumwoUenstaude, Chirati, 820
591 Chirauli, 221
Chin Fruit tree, 846 Chirayata—See:—Kadu-
Chingam-butai, 846—See:— -chirayata
Butai Chirayita, 717
Chingati, A/212 Chirchira, 21
Chingri, A/212 ChirchoU, 1264
Chin-heang, 120 Chireedam, 15
Chini—See:—Chabchini; Reva- Chireta, 573; 1184
chini; Revalchini; Revan- Chiretta, 101; 573; 1184—See:
chini; Revandchini; Re- —Ava-chiretta; Chota-.
wandchini; Shenchini; Kab- chiretta
ab-chini; Ladakirevanda- Chirgas, 616
chini; Sittalchini; Hari- Chirgond, 958—See:—Gond
nashuk-chini (varieties)
Chinikalabanda, 75—See:— Chiribenda, 1134—See: —
Kalabanda Benda (varieties)
Chinikayi, 407—See:—Kai or Chirika, 221
Kayi (varieties) Chiriyari, 1251
Chinipal—See:—Rival-chini- Chirkualathi, 889
pal; Trevalchinippal Chirmi, 163
Chinka, 994 Chironji, 221
Chin-khing-kai, 1095—See:— Chiror, 191
Kai or Kayi (varieties) Chirphal, 1303
Chinna, M/22 Chir Pine, 957—See:—Pine
Chinni, 17—See:-^Nattu- (varieties)
ireval-chinni Chirpoti, 1301
Chinni-ka Jhar, 17 Chirroji, 221
Chino, 898; 899 Chirval, 610
Chinola, 282 . Chirvite, 402
Chinta--See: —SeemachLnta; Chita, 990: —See: —Bara-
Simaeohinta; Pallachinta; Kukurchita; Kukurchita;
Uchchinta Lal-chita; Rakto-chita
Chinta-pandu, 1191 Chitabansa, 691—See:—Bansa
Chinturam, M/86 Chitaka-maraku, 568—Seb: —
Chintz, 1191 n^.^'^^^'^aA
^,. ' __. Chitar, 1164
Chm-wu-lan, 254 Chitaro, 990
Chipkuli, A/165 Chitawala, 1125
Chippagaddi, 104 Chitawer, 990
 INDEX 759

Chithamalli, 446—See:— Chitti-papara, 335—See:

Malli (varieties) Papara (varieties)
Chiti, 990 Chittira, 990
Chiti-Anab, 722—See: —Anab Chittira-mulam, 990
Chitiful, 617 Chittmani, 1065
Chitimutti, 1134—See: —Mutti Chittramulam shivappu, 989—
(varieties) See: —Shivappu-chittra-
Chitke, 1251 mulam
Chitloo-Bhusmoo, M/91—See: Chittur-mol, 989
—Bhusmoo Chitu, 353
Chitquimitqui, 420 Chivakaver, 691
Chitra, 187; 189; 465; 988; Chivan-Avelpori, 1050—See: —
990—See: —Lal-chitra; Avelpori
Rakto-chitra Chivan melpodi, .1050—See
Chitrak, 990 Melpodi
Chitraka, 988; 990—See: — Chlorides—See: —^Acyl-
Raktachitraka; Tambdi- chlorides
chitraka ' Chlorate of Sodium—See: —
Chitrakameraii, 989—See: — Sodium chlorate
Amerah s Chob-chinae, 1143
Chitrakshupa, 739—See:'— Chobah—See:—Zard chobah
Shupa; Shing-shupa Chobchini, 1143: —See: —Bari-
Chitramula, 990—See:—Bilay- chobchini
chitramula; Kempu-chitra- Chocolate tree, 1214
mula Chocolathgas, 1214
Chitra-mulam, 990—See:— Chodhara, 114
Yerra-chitramulam Chodhari, 1284
Chitramulam-shivappu— Chohsha-makn, 282
See: —Shivappu-chitra- Chojharr, 865
mulam Chokargond, 380—See:—Gond
Chitrapala, 335—See: —Pala (varieties)
(varieties) Chokha, 877
Chitrapathrika, 739 Chokhota tela, 1126
Chitra-tandula, 478—See: — Chola, 311; 459
Tandula (varieties) Cholam—See:—Makka-cholam
Chitravalli, 1075 Chomasana rata, A/206
Chitruk, 990 Choontoo-munnoo, M/101—
Chittamanakku, 1065—See: — See:—Munnoo
Amanakku (varieties) Chopra, 520
Chittamratam, 356—See: — Chopri-alu, 450—See:—Alu
Amratam (varieties) Chora, 113—See: —Chichora;
Amlina-chichora
Chittamutti, 926—See: — ChorivaUi, 818
Amutti Chor-nimbu, 160—See: —
Chitta-ratta, 77 Nimbu (varieties)
Chitta-rattai, 77 Chorpata, 725
See:—Ratita or Rattai Chosi, 1063
Chitteenth, 945 Chot abut, 311
 760 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Chota-chand, 1050—See: — Chukander, 197

Chand Chuka-palam, 1079
Chota-chiretta, 485—See: — Chukha, 890
Chiretta (varieties) Chukka, 1309
Chota Elaichi, 475—See: — Chukkah, 1079
Elachi or Elaichi (varieties) Chuko, 87; 89
Chota Ghaial, 55—See:— Chukra, 1080—See:—Shula-
Ghaial (varieties) vedhi-chukra
Chota-gokhru, 1229,1297—See: Churika, 890
—Gokhru (varieties) Chula-juti, 821
Chota-iangli-anjur—See: — Chule—See: —Zamb-chule
Jangli angur Chulika lavana, M/11—See: —
Chota-jhunjhun, 394—See: — Lavana (varieties)
Jhunjhunia; Jhunjhun Chulu, 1013
Chota-kalkusha, 739—See: — Chumbaka, M/55
Kalkusha Chumkat, 446
Chota Kanval, 859—See: — Chumlani, 1142
Kanval Chun, M/42; 44
Cbota-kirayat, 485—See: — Chuna, M/42; 44—See: —
Kirayat (varieties) Kalika-chuna; Vilati-chuna
Chota lasora, 380—See:— Chunam, M/44
Lasora (varieties) Chunambu, M/42—See: —
Chotee Lanu, 1183—See:— Nambu (varieties)
Lanu Chunch, 377—See:—Moti-
Choti elachi, 475—Elachi chunch.
(varieties) Chunchdo, 377
Chotimain, 1193—See:—^Bari- Chundrus, 1265
main; Main; Magiya-main Chuniagond, 222—See: —
Chotokulpa, 1233—See: — Gond (varieties)
Chhota-kulpha; Kulpa Chunnambu, M/44—See: —
Chovanna Khaskhasa chcheti, Seemaychunnambu;
901—See: —Khaskhasa Nambu (varieties)
chcheti Chunnampuvalli, 1283
Chowan, 282 Chunno, M/44
Chowli, 1272 Chuno, M/42
Chowriajwan, 351—See: — Chupra, 835
Ajwan (varieties) Churan, 1317
Chrita, 573 Churi, 178—See:—Nattai-
Chua, 87, A/206—See: — churi
Kedari-chua Churiki—See: —^Kudal-churiki
Chua-marsa, 89—See:—Marsa Chuma, 1317-18; M/40; M/42
Chuaru, 1014 Chusal, M/103
Chubah—See: —Serd-chubah Chuta, 764—See:—^Manchuta
Chucka, 395 Chutha-kanni. 759—See: —
Chuk, 1079—See:—Dhurchuk; Kanni (varieties)
Hatichuk Chutrika, 1079
Chuka, 1080 Chuvanna Kodalavanakkii,
Chuka-bija, 1079 707
 INDEX 761

Chuvaima-Mandaram, 184— Pao-de-cobra

See: —^Mandaram Cobra lily—See:—Common
Cikura, 1011—See:—Kura cobra lily; Lily
(vareties) Cobra's Saffron, 792—See: —
Cimra, 938 Saffron (varieties)
Cinchona, 315—See:—Wild Cobra-venom, A/218—See: —
cinchona Snake-venom; Venom
Cinchona bark, 315 Cocae folio—See:—Folio cocae
Cinnabar, M/72—See:—Bar Coca Plant, 510
(varieties) Cocco, 148
Cinnamon, 328—See:—Cassia Cochineal, —
cinnamon; country cinna- Cochineal insect, A/155—See:
mon ^ —Black cochineal; Silver
Cinosternon pennsylvanianum, cochineal
A/202 Cochinil purugu, A/155—See:
Citrate of potassium, M/89— —Purugu
See: -^Potassium-citrate Cochin or Malabar grass, 424
Citron, 348 Cochin Turmeric, 413—See: —
Citronella, 110 Tiunieric (varieties)
Civet Cat, A/234—See:—Cat Cock (domestic), A/162—See:
Clarified butter, A/179—See: — —Peacock
Butter (varieties) Cock's comb, 90
Clarified honey, A/195—See: Cocoa, 1214
—Honey (varieties) Coooanut—See:—Sea-cocoanut
Claw—See:—Wolf claw Cocoanut Pahn, 363—See: —
Clay, M/6; M/94—See:—China Palm (varieties)
clay; Porcelain clay; Pipe- Coco-de-mer, 749
clay Cocomaram, 1214
Clearing-nut tree, 1181 Cocoon—See:—Silk cocoon;
Cleome—See:—Sticky cleome Raw silk cocoon
Cleome-a-cing-feuiles, 351 Cocotier, 363
Cleome-de-inde, 350 Cocumber, sharp-cornered,
Climbing perch, A/214—See: 751—See: —Sharp-cornered
—Perch cocmnber
Clitore-de-Temate, 354 Codi, A/158—See:—Perunday
Clitoria—See:—^Winged leaved codi
clitoria Coffee, 365—See:—Negro
Cloves, 835—See:—Sweet coffee
cloves Cola, 458
Clubmoss Spores, 758—See: — CoUvri um—See: —Golden col-
Spores lyxiiun
Clusia eluteria, A/203 ' Colocasie de 1-Inde, 372
Cluster bean, 420—See: — Colocynth, 335—See:—Hill
Beans (varieties) colocynth
Cluster-fig, 548—See:—Fig Common asparagus, 153—See:
(varieties) —Asparagus
Cobal—See:—Gum cobal Common Bead tree, 784—See:
Cobra—Ijee:—Black cobra; —^Bead tree
40
762 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Common Beet, 197—See: — Common plum, 1015—See: —

Beet (varieties) Plum (varieties)
Common Cobra Lily, 137—See: Common sage, 1094—See: —
—Cobra lily; Lily (varieties) Sage (varieties)
Common cress—See:—Water- Common salt, 109—See:—Salt
cress; Cress (varieties) (varieties)
Common Cucumber, 403—See: Common stinging nettle, 1258
—Cucumber (varieties) —See:—Nettle; stinging net-
Common French Bean, 942— tle
See:—French Bean; Bean Common Wagtail, A/205—See:
(varieties) —Wagtail
Common-fumitoi'y, 560—See: Common or Water-cress, 736—
—^Fumitory See:—^Water-cress; cress
Common Garden Hibiscus, 630 (varieties)
—See: —Garden Hibiscus; Conch, A/164
Hibiscus; Edible hibiscus Conch-shell, A/164—See:—
Common gram, 311—See: — Shell (varieties)
Gram (varieties) Conch Shell Ash, A/165—Seer
Common Indian Mustard, 215 —Shell ash; Ash (varieties)
—See:—^Indian mustard; Concombre Serpent, 402—Seer
Mustard (varieties) —Serpent
Common Indian parselane, Condensed mill?;, A/175—Seer
1005—See:—^Indian par- —Milk (varieties)
selane; Parselane (varieties) Conessi or Tellicherry Bark,
Common Indian Partridge, 213 . 634
—See: —^Indian Partridge; Congopea, 231—See:—Pea
Partridge (varieties) (varieties)
Common-Iora, A/138; A/155— Conrew, 555
See: —lora Conron Mooli, 556
Common Kidney Bean, 942— Copal tree—See:—Indian
See: •—Beans (varieties) copal tree
Common Malabar nut, 715— Copper, M/47
See: —Malabar-nut Copper acetate, M/52—See: —
Common Mallow, 763—See: — Basic copper acetate Crude
Mallow (varieties) ' coppersulphate
Common Marjoram, 875—See: Copperas:—See Green coppe-
—^Marjoram (varieties) ras; White copperas; Blue
Common Milk Hedge, 524— copperas
See:—^Hedge; MiUc hedge Copperas of Commerce, M/63
Common Millet, 898—See: — -—See:—^Blue Copperas
Millet (varieties) Copper ore, M/49—See:—Ore
Common orange, 339—See: — (varieties)
Orange (varieties) Copper powder, M/49
Common Oyster shell, A/211 Copper pyrite, M/66—See: —
—See: —Oyster-shell; shell Pyrites (varieties)
(varieties) Copper Silajit, M/23—See: —
Common Pepper, 969—See: — Silajit (varieties)
Pepper (varieties) Coque-du-Levant, 360
 IITOEX 763

Copper-sulphate—See:— Country Ipecacuanha, 842—

Crude copper-sulphate; See: —Ipecacuanha
Basic copper-acetate (varieties)
Copra—See: —Bishcopra Country-mallow, 8; 763; 1134;
Coquinha, 719 1137—See:—Mallow
Corail, A/156 '
Coral, A/156 (varieties)
Coralleum rubrum, A/209 Country Nutmeg, 834—See: —
Corallo, A/156 Nutmeg; Malabar-nutmeg
Coral tree, 708—See:—Indian Country Sareaparilla, 619—
coral tree See:—Sarsaparilla
Corchore Capsulaire, 377 (varieties)
Cordia rumphil, A/203 Country Seima, 288—See: —
Coriander, 381—See: —
Gemeinar coriander Senna (varieties)
Coriander cultive, 381 Country Spinach, 197—See: —
Corkwood, 633 Spinach (varieties)
Com—See:—Sweet corn; Cour-ka-namak, M/101—Sec
Egyptian com; Evergreen —Namak; Jhas-ka-ivamak
Sweet com; Indian corn; Covannamilpori, 1050—See: —
Spanish corn; Sweet com Milpori
Corn-millet—See: —Millet Cow, A/146
Broom-corn millet Cow-gram, 459—See:—Gram
Comsetic box, 821 (varieties)
Costus, 1108 Cow-hage, 818—See:—^Hage
Costus elegant, 385; 1108 Cowitch Plant, 818
Coti-mundi, 1163—See: — Cow-pea, 459; 1272—See: —
Mundi (varieties) Pea (varieties)
Cotonnier des nonnes, 591 Cow-plant—See: —Ceylon
Cotonnier Herbace, 587 cowplant
Cottomer de 1' Inde, 588 Cowrie, A/158—See:—Red
Cotton—See: —Devil's cotton; cowries; white cowries;
Yellow-flowered cotton; Slik- yellow cowries
cotton tree Cowrie-fruit—See: —^Wild
Cotton-plant—See: —Indian cowrie-fruit
cotton plant; Indian tree- Cowry, A/158—See:—Cowrie
cotton; Tree cotton (varieties)
Cottonnier arljorescent, 586 Crab, A/217
Couch grass, 56; 425 Crab-apple, 1039—See: —
Country borage, 371—See: — Apple (varieties)
Borage Craie, M/41
Country cinnamon, 332—See: Crane—See:—Indian Cr-ane
—Cinnamon (varieties) Crane Tree, 375
Country Fig-tree, 548—See: — Craunro, 459
Fig (varieties) Cream, A/176
Country goose-berry, 163— Cream-butter, A/176—See: —
See: —:Goose-berry (varie- Butter (varieties) i
ties) Great, 101
Creeper—See:—^Red creeper
 764 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Creeping panic grass, 425— Cura, 634

See:—^Panic grass Curcuma long, 415
Cress, 736—See:—Common- Curcuma starch, 413—See:—
cress; Para cress; Water- Cupid's flower, 690
CTGSS - Starch
Cretae, M/41 Curd, A/176
Crocodile, A/158—See: —Nile Curd of milk:—See:—^Kilataka
crocodile Curdled milk, A/176—See:—
Crocodilus vulgaris, A/202 Milk (varieties)
Crotalaire Jonciforme, 392 Curo, 634
Crotalin, A/228 Currants 1064—See:—Bengal
Croton--See:—Purgative currants; Red currants
croton Curry-leaf tree, 195
Croton oil, 396 Cuscus grass, 109
Croton—oil seed 396 Cusso, 213
Crow, A/158 Custard Apple, 116—See:—
Crude borax, M/103—See:— Apple varieties); Bullock's
Borax heart; True custard apple of
Crude carbonate of Soda, America
M/101—See:—Soda carbo- Cuttle-fish bone, A/210—See:
nate; Carbonate of soda —^Fish bone
Crude copper sulphate or cop- Cyperus—See:—^Indian
per acetate, M/52—See:— cyperus
Basic copper acetate; Copper Cyrovenne, 784
sulphate
Crude Ferrous Sulphate M/63
—See:—^Ferrous sulphate
Crystal carbonate, M/101 Daanachettu, 631
Crystalline, M/101 Dab, 504
Cubebs, 400 Dabali, 8
Cuckoo, A/160 • Dabiduba, 695
Cucumber:—See:—Bitter Dabi-dulea. 1299
cucumber; Common-cucum- Dabra, 1256
ber Dabur, 302
Cuivre, M/47 Dadam, 1032
Cultivated parsnip, 923—See:— Dadamardana, 283; 291
Parsnip Dadamari, 695
Cumal—See: —^Nilacumal Dabarbootie, 91
Cumbu, 930 Daddala, 273—See:—Ala;
Cumin—See:—Black-cumin; Ramala
Cumin seed; Cumin-officinal Daddipashanum, M/21—See:—
Cumin noir, 854 Pashanum (varieties)
Cumin officinal, 408—See:— Daddunan, 291—See:—Pan
Cumin (varieties) (varieties)
Cumin seed, 408—See:—^Black Daddupana, 283—See:—^Pana
cumin (varieties)
Cumma—See:—Kempu-cimima Dadhiphala, 407; 535
Cundung-katric, 1156 Dadhuri, 548
 INDEX 765

Dadi, 673 Damana, 594

Dadima, 1032 Damani:—See:—Nagadamani
Dadima-phalam, 1031—See:— Daman-paper, 869
Phalam (varieties). Damar—See:—Nalha daraar;
Dad-ka-patta, 283—See:— Vellai-damar; Kala-damar;
Patta (varieties) Karappu-daniar; Karuppu-
Dadmari, 91; 283—See:—Mari damar; Nalhadamar; Safed-
(varieties) damar; Vellaidamar.
Dadmurdan, 283 Damara, 844—See:—Asoka-
Dadrughna, 283 damara
Dadumari, 1299—See:—Mari Damaru—See :•—Dupa-
(varieties) damaru; Tella-damaru
Daevakanchanamu, 184— Damask Rose, 1072—See:—
See:—Kanchan (varieties) Rose (varieties)
Daffadilla, 622 Dambin, 730
Dagadi, 362 Damdavlo, 556
Dagadi jowars, 1161—See:— Dampel, 568
Jowars (varieties) Daraer—See*.—Black darner
Dahan, 1221 Dammer tree—See:—White
Dahana, 1221 dammer tree
Dahara, 226 Damula—See:—Natka damula
Dahar-karanja, 1001—See:— Damula akhavena hindi, 1025
Karanja (varieties) —See:—Hindi (varieties)
Dahee, A/179 Dana—See:—Bozidana; Be-
Daheri, 1295 dana; Behidana; Bihidana;
Dahipalas, 380—See:—Palas Khasakdana; Mishk-dana;
Dahua, 147 Mushak-dana; Mushk-dana;
Daivapal, 80—See:—^Pal (varie- Shakar-dana; Shukadana;
ties) Undana; Hazardana; Kala-
Dak, 1065—See-.—Zaxdak dana; Kastuxidana; Kehe-
Dakachru, 1113 tar a-ubal-dana.
Dakha, 1285 Dana, A/146
Dakrabo, 657 Danadaho — See:—^Thora-
Daku, 935 danadaHo
Dalchin—See:—Jangli Danah See:—Siyah-danah
dalchin Danaha, A/155
Dalchini, 328; 331; 333—See:— Dand, 108; 396
Dalchin; Kadu-dalchini Danda—See:—Tid-danda
Dali—See:—^Neladali Dandalonbin, 811
Dalim, 1032 Dandan-i-fel, A/160
Dalima, 1032 Dandehon, 1195
Dalimb, 1032 Dandenahri, 705
Dalimba, 1032 Dandusa, 431
Dalimbay, 1032 Dangar, 407; 877
Dalimbu-hannu, 1032 Dang-chavli, 462—See:—
Dalla—See:—Vata-dalla Chavli
Dalme, 557 Dangri, 231—See:—Deodangri
Damahan, 534 Daniu, 680
766 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Dan-kilayiwai, 291 Dar-haldi, 187—See:—Haladi

Dankuni, 263 (varieties)
Dant, 88—See:—Hatliidant Dari, 1031—See:—Bliui-dari;
Danta—See:—Hastidanta Devadari; Devdari
Danti, 166; 395—See:—Naga- Dariajai, 352—See:—Jai
danti; Nagdanti; Vajradanti (varieties)
Dantikurra—See:—EsaJ^adanti- Darianujhad, 629
kurra; K u r r a (varieties) Daridah—See:—^Thikam-
Dantimul, 166; 708 daridah
Danti-nana, 708 Darigummadi, 1031—See:—
Daorokhat-e-nila, 681—See:— Gummadi (varieties)
Nila (varieties) Darim, 1032
Dapoli, 609 Darimba, 1031
Dara, 723—See:—Vardara Djaroya, 103—See:—Handi-
Darak—See:-^Vriddhadarak Daroya
Daraka—See:—Vriddlia-, Darshishaan, 828
daraka Darsuk, 594
Darakhate-palasha, 222—See: Daru, 1032—See;—^Badradaru;
—^Palasa (varieties) Jaldaru; Pitadaru; Siyah-
Darakhte-gulchakane-sahrai, daru; Sura-daru
179 Daruchini, 328—See:—Chini
Darakhte-shanah, 8 (varieties)
Darakhte-teri, 209 Darudi, 133
Darakht-i-miswak, 1092 Daruhalad, 187—See:—Halad
Darakte-bang, 256 (varieties)
Darakte-nar, 1032 Daruharidra, 187—See:— r
Daraserda, 415 Halad; Haridra (varieties)
Darasini, 328 Daru-haridrakam, 384—See:—
Darayai—See:—Narj il-i- Haridra; Halad (varieties)
Darayai Darulawana, M/88—See:—
Darbh, 504 Lavana (varieties)
Darbuje, 338 Darumucha, M/15
Darchini—See:—Jangli- Darunaj-akhrabi, 464
darchini Darunaj-akrabi, 463
Darebanki, 1263 Darunaj-i-akrabi, 463
Daree, 1031 Darunaphula, 739
Darehuli, 164—See:—Huli Daruri, 133
(varieties) Darvi, 187; 384
Darehuter, 680 Darya-ka-kaf, A/210
Darejhapak, 1117 Daryaka-Nariyal, 749—See:—
Dare Kudrum, 628 Nariyal
Dareorsa, 374 Darya-ki-gas, or pachi, 591—
Darfilfil, 965—See:—Fil-fila- See:—^Pachi (varieties)
daraz Dasamuli, 430—See:—Muli
Darhalad, 189—See:—Halad (varieties)
(varieties) Dasani, 631
Dar-hald, 187—See:—Halad Dasanige, 631
(varieties) Dasi, 176
 INDEX 767

Dasta, M/130 Deer horn, A/152—See:—

Dastam Haryah, 764 Horn (varieties)
Dasun, 631 Dehi, 342
Dates—See:—Assuli dates;
Delumgaha, 1032
Edible-date; Idul-shahi
dates; IChasoon-dates; Lohar- Dendlu, 673
dates; Luni-kharkun dates; Dengua, 88
Small-dates; Thottiar-dates; Dentelaire de Ceylon, 990
Vanpakyun-dates; Wild-date Dentilaire Rose, 988
Date Sugar Palm, « 4 6 — S e e r - Deodangri, 753—See:—^Dangri
Palm (varieties) Deodar, 295; 296—See:—Pinus
Dathir, 434 deodara
Datir, 548 Deodari, 294
Dattelpalm, 943—See:—Pakn Deo-dhan, 1160—See:—Dhan
(varieties) (varieties)
Dattura, 434—See:—Kanaka- Deokapas, 207—See:—Kapas
dattura; Tattu-dattura (varieties)
Dattiiri, 133 Deokati, 90
Datturi-gida, 133 Dephali, 848
Datura fatesux, 434 Derivatives of toluene, A/204
Datura—See:—Feringee- —See:—^Toluene
' datura Deshi-badam, 1205—See:—
Datyuni, 80 Badam; Badama (varieties)
Dau—See:—Thanat-dau Deshi gowar, 420—See:—
Davala, 922—See:—Ala Gowar (varieties)
(varieties) Deshomaricha, 270—See:—
Davanpada, 580—See:—^Pada Maricha (varieties)
(varieties) Desi-badam, 1205—See:—
Davna, 143 Badam; Badama (varieties)
Dawaka-jhar, 457; 467 Desi or Chalk kumrha, 185—
Dawano—See:—Pardesi- See:—Kumra (varieties)
dawano Desi Mattar, 976—See:—
Dawoon, 776 Mattar
Dawoon-Nambu, 776—See:— Desman, A/202
Nambu (varieties) Devadari, 294—See:—Dari
Dawoopungah-gah, 662 (varieties)
Daye, 612 Devadarom, 1225
Deadly Nightshade, 160—See: Devadaru, 295; 296; 997—See:
Nightshade (varieties) —Daru (varieties)
Debra, 1255 Devadarum, 512
Deccan Grass, 897 Devakadu, 1173—See:—Kadu
Deccan hemp, 628—See:— (varieties)
Deva-kando, 1190—See:—
Hemp (varieties)
Kando (varieties)
Decorticated pepper, 969— Devakeli, 255—See:—Keli
See:—^Pepper (varieties) (varieties)
Deepyaka, 1028 Devakusumum, 835
Deerghavraksha, 363 Devataram, 295
 768 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Devdari, 295—See:—Dari Dhanurvriksha, 594

(varieties) Dhanvayas, 533
Devil's apples 764—See:— Dhanya, 877
Apples (varieties)
Devil's Claw, 771—See:— Dhanyaka, 381
Claw; Wolf-claw Dhara, 222
Devil's Cotton, 4—See:—Cot- Dharakadamba, See:—
ton (varieties) Kadamba (varieties)
Devil's testicle, 226—See:— Dhara-kadambo, 843—See:—
Testicles of a sheep or goat Kadambo
Dev Kapas, 586—See:—^Kapas Dharama, 533
(varieties) Dharkalambu, 843—See:—
Dha, 1295 Kalambu
Dhadhan, 1129—See:—Dhan Dhar-karela, 807—See:—
(varieties) Karela
Dhadsal, 594—See:—Sal Dharmana, 593; 594
(varieties) Dharmar, 1168
Dhai, 1295 Dharu, 730—See:—Alphajana
Dhaincha, 1129—See:—Cha Dharu
Dhaiphul, 1295 Dharujakaur, 843—See:—
Dhakta sheral, 999—See:— Kaur
Sheral Dharuh, 849
Dhakur, 302 Dharwar-American, 587
Dhala-tulasi, 861—See:— Dhasera, 457
Tulasi (varieties) Dhataki, 1295
Dhalim, 1031 Dhathari-Jargi, 1295—See:—
Dhaman, 298; 594; 929 Jargi
Dhamani, 593; 594 Dhatoira, 434
Dhamargava, 751 Dhatri—See:—Bhuta-dhatri
Dhamasa, 533; 611 Dhatriphal, 176
Dhamaso, 534 Dhatri-phala, 480
Dhamini, 615 Dhatura—See:—Firanghee-
Dhamnee, 1007 dhatura; Kala-dhatura;
Dhamni, 1006 Pila-dhatura; Sada-dhatura
Dhan, 877—See:—Deo-dhan; Sidah-dhatura; Safed-dha-
Kodoa-dhan; Dhadhan tura; Krishna-dhatura ^
Dhana, 381—See:—Oosha- Dhaturaghas, 770
dhana; Ushadhana Dhaturamu, 434
Dhan-barua, 1050—See:— Dhaun, 1032
Barua Dhaura, 375; 1317
Dhane, 381 Dhauri, 1295; 1296
Dhanghi-Khad, 130—See:— Dhauta, 1295
Khad Dhavada, 375
Dhania, 381—See:—Nepali'- Dhavadina, 1295
dhania Dhavala, 375; 749
Dhanmama, 1050 Dhavani, 391
Dhano, 381 Dhavekaneri, 848—See:—
Dhanrhas, 629 Kaneri
 INDEX 769

Dhavidek goli, 545—See:—Goli Dhumra-patra, 138

(varieties) Dhuna, 253; 1132
Dhayatis, 1295 Dhundul, 752
Dhed-Umbro, 550—See:— Dhup, 57; 254; 713—See:—
Umbro Guggula-dhup; Hasan-dhup;
Dheman, 594 Mandadhup; Pahadi-dhup;
Dhendshi, 338 Raldhup; Salsel-dhup;
Dhengali, 898 Vishesh-dhup
DhengH, 899; 900 Dhupa, 1298—See:—Baga-
Dheniani, 868 dhupa; Madde-dhupa
Dhera, 58 Dhupadamara, 1265
Dheras, 1 Dhup gugal, 713—See:—Gugal
Dherasa, 1237 Dhup-gugali, 211—See:—
Dhoah, M/91 Gugali
Dhoban, 594 Dhup-maram, 1265
Dhobi's earth, M/101—See:— Dhurapan, 850—See:—^Pan
Earth (varieties) (varieties)
Dhoi-huvi-khari, M/6—See:— Dhurchuk, 633—See:—Chuk
Khari (varieties) Dhurra—See:—Syrian dhurra
Dhol, 743 Dhustoora, 434
Dholapata, 373—See:—Pata Dhutura, 434
(varieties) Dhuve Salaka, 859—See:—
Dhola samudrika, 733—See:— Salaka
Samudrika Diamant, M / 1
Dholshumoodra, 733—See:— Diamond, M / 1
Shumoodra Dibaka, 379
Dhonda, 355 Dibi—See:—Libi-dibi
Dhoop—See:—Vishesha- Dicotyles torquatus, A/202
dhoop Dihan, 529
Dhoopam—See:—^Konkana- Dihu Minguta, 524—See:—
dhoopam Minguta
Dhopkammi, 624—See:— Dikamali, 569
Kairnni (varieties) DikmaH, 569
Dhop-rai, 213—See:—Rai Dill, 935—See:—Garter-diH
(varieties) Dill Seed, 935
Dhotari, 434—See Ari Dilpasant, 338
(varieties) Dimba, A/162
Dhotra—See:—Kanta-dhotra Dimeri, 548
Dhrow, 103 Dinda, 733
Dhud-kalmi, 691—See:—Kalmi Dindisa, 1237
(varieties) Dindlu, 375
D h u h puspika, 894—See:— . Dinduga, 375
Puspika (varieties) Dingsa, 957
Dhumarsmi, 77 Dingsa Pine, 957—See:—^Pine
Dhumparastma, 77 (varieties)
Dhumpa—See:—^Pedda- Ding Solir, 828—See:—Solir
dhumpa Dino, 733
Dhtunpa-ruku, 1265 Dinohi, 923
770 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Dintana, 354—See:—Tana Dodhali, 1160

Diono, 1167 Dodhi, 465
Dioxide—See:—Silicon- Dodi-nimbu, 160—See:—
dioxide Nimbu (varieties)
Dipmal, 735 Dodl<:a, 751
Dirgha-patola, 752—See:— Doduchallu, 379
Patola (varieties) Dog-bush, 201
Dirghapatra, 1301 Dog grass,- 425
Dirisana, 60—See:—Sana Dog mustard, 351—See:--
(varieties) Mustard (varieties)
Disulphide arsenic—See:— Dogwood, 520
Arsenic disulphide Dojar, 702
Dita-bark, 80 Dolic-a-deux fleurs, 458
Dittany—See:—Bastard Dolic bulbuex, 459
dittany Dolic catjang, 459
Diva, 1190 Dolic en form de fevis, 460
Divalimuli, 202—See:—Muli Dolic hg neux, 461
(varieties) Dolic tres petit, 462
Diveli, 1065 Dolimoola, 1149—See:—Moola
Diver, A/213 (varieties)
Divya, 865 Dolo shemalo, 505
Diwal, 535 Domba, 236
Diyamitta, 334 Domestic animal, A/140
Dock—See:—Sour dock; Yel- Domestic cock—See:—Cock;
low dock; Bladder-dock Peacock
Dodak, 1159—See:—Dudai- Dona—See:—Nagadona
Kulfa-dodak Dondatiga, 300—See:—Tiga
Dodda, 177 (varieties)
Doddamani, 56 Donda—See:—Nagadonda
Doddamaradarsina, 187—See: Donhula Balashana, 171
—Marada-arasina; Arasina Donne menashinakai, 2 7 0 ^
(varieties) See:—Menashinakai; Kai
Doddaneggilu, 926—See:— (varieties)
Aneneggilu; Neggilu; Dodee-pala, 891—See:—^Pala
Kennegilu (varieties)
Dodda nimbe hannu, 346—See: Dondatiga—See:—Tiga
—^Nimbe-hannu (varieties)
Doddapatri, 113 Doodhee, 891 ^
Doddatagache, 289—See:— Doola-goonda, 817
Tagache Doomoor, 545 '
Dodda-yalakki, 93—See:— Doop.ahuria, 932
Yalakhi; Yalakki-balli Djoorva, 425
Dodder, 419 Doorwa, 425
Doddupan—See:—Pan Dopahariya, 932
(varieties) Dopatilata, 685;^ 689
Dodee-pala—See:—^Pala Dosekaya, 403
(varieties) Dosr a i—See: —^Pedd a-dosr ai
Dodhak, 469; 529 Dosul, 371
 INDEX 771

Dosulay, 797 Duck—See:—Musk-duck

Dotwan, 948 Duckweed—See:—Tropical-
Double bean, 938—See:— duckweed
Beans (varieties) Duda-gorai, 1006—See:—
Douce—See:—Truffle douce Gorai
Douna, 592—See:—Nagadouna Dudai-kulfa-dodak, 523—See:
Doutha, M/52 —Dodak
Dove—See:—Green dove Duda-kaha, 414—See:—Kaha
Dowan—See:—Nagdowan (varieties)
Dowdola, 556 Dudal, 1195
Dowdowla, 556 Dudali, 652
Dowla, 1255 Duddi, 722—See:—Kadu-
Downa—See:—Nagdowna duddi
Dragon's blood, 233—See:— Duddini, 407
Blood Dudh, A/171
Dragon's eye, 846 Dudhali, 507; 526
Drakahya, 1285 Dudhani, 891
Drake, A/143 Dudhasali, 619
Drak or Drakh, 1285—See:— Dudha vari, 899—See:—Vari
Gidad-drak; Jangli-drakh (varieties)
Drakht-i-badinja, 363 Dudhavela, 430
Draksha, 1285—See:— Dudh-batthal, 1195—See:—
Randraksh Batthal; Hal (varieties)
Draksha-pondu, 1285 Dudh-bhopla, 722—See:—
Drakshi, 1285 Bhopla (varieties)
Drammaha, 533 Dudheli—See:— Nagaladudheli
Dravaka, M/55 Dudhi, 468; 526; 674; 722; 849;
Dreilappige Bohne, 942 1225—See:—Nagaarjun-
Drek, 784 dudhi; Chh.oti-dudhi
Drhakht-narejile, 363 Dudhia-kalmi, 685—See:—
Dried alum, M/6—See:— Kakni (varieties)
Alumburnt; Burnt alum; Dudhialata, 891—See:—
Alum (varieties) Chhota-dudhilata
Dried catkins, 965—See:— Dudhika, 891
Catkins Dudhilata 674—See:—
Drik, A/167 Dudhialata
Drikri, 1285 Dudhkarava, 849—See:—
Dronapushpi, 739; 740—See:— Karava
Pushpi (varieties) Dudini, 529
Dronilavana, M/109—See:— D.udipalla, 891
Lavana (varieties) Dudippi, 273—See:—Ilppi
Droni-uppu, M/109—See:—
Uppu (varieties) Dudiya, 529
Drop, 999 Dudla, 1104
Drub grass, 449 Dudlata, 891
Drum-stick, 811 Dudli, 1195
Drunco, 392 Dudurli, 526; 652
Dub, 425 Dudvali, 6l9
772 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Dugdha, A/171—See:— Durba, 425

Tiktadugdha Durgandha, 63—See:—
Dugdhika, 529—See:— Gandha (varieties)
Dughdika Dursul, 1156
Dugdugia, 518 Durva, 504; 994—See:—Niia«
Dughdika, 891—See:— durva
Dugdhika Dusparsha, 533
Dugong oi,l A/166 Dustapuchettu, 430
Duhun-el-garjan, 456—See:— Dutro, 434
Garjan (varieties) Dvishigru, 811
Dukar-kand, 1190—See:— Dwarf, 823
Kand (varieties) Dwipautra, 1143
Dukri jowars, 1161—See:— Dyer's Indigo, 680—See:—
Jowars (varieties) Indigo (varieties)
Duku, 935 Dyer's Madder, 1075—See:—
Dulal-labha, 62; 611—See:— Madder; Indian madder;
Labha Two flowered Indian madder
Dulogondi—See:—China-
dulo-gondi
Dumaputu, A/146 Eagle-wood, 120
Dumlua—See:—Hal-dumlua Earth—See:—Red earth;
Dummula—See:—^Rata-dum- Dhobi's earth
mula Earthnut, 121
Dumpa bachhale, 1164—See:— Earth Sugar-root, 760—See:—
Bachhale Sugar-root
Dumbar—See:—^Konea- East Indian Arrowroot, 413—
dumbar See:—Arrowroot; Indian
Dumshirg, 3 arrowroot <
Dumtuli, 43 East Indian blue water-lily,
Dumur—See:—^Bhui-dumur; 858—See:—Lily; Water-lily;
Kaka-dumur Blue-water-lily etc.
Dund, 396 (varieties)
Dundigapu, 706 East Indian Globe-thistle, 1162
Dundillum, 876 —See:—Globe-thistle; This-
Dungari-kando, 63—See:— tle; Indian globe-thistle;
Kando (varieties) Thistle (varieties)
Dunkelrothe Flugal-frucht, East Indian Mastiche, ,975—
1026 See:—Bombay or East Indian
Duntu-pesulu, 459—See:— mastiche; Indian mastiche;
Pesulu Mastiche
Dupada, 1265—See:—Pada East Indian Peppermint, 771—
(varieties) See:—^Peppermint; Indian
Dupa-damaru, 1265—See:— peppermint
Damaru East Indian root, 399—See:—
Dupard—See:—^Tambdi-dupari Indian root
Dupati, 676 East Indian Rose-ba'y, 1189—
Duralabha, 62; 611—See:— See:—^Rose-bay; Indian Rose-
Labha; Dulallaba bay
 INDEX 773

East Indian Screw-Tree, 615— Ejaloo, A/206

See:—Indian Screw-tree; Ekanayakam, 1089
Screw-tree Ekangi, 821
Ebony, 452—See:—^Mountain Ekhanda, 35—See:—Bala-
Ebony ekhanda
Ecoree de-codagapala, 634 Ekharo, 667
Edakula, 1283—See:—Kula Ek-kanda-lasun, 62—^See:—
(varieties) Lasun
Edakxila-pala, 80—See:—Pala Ekke, 237
(varieties) Ekkemiale, 237
Edapandu, 345 Ekpanhi, 662—See:—Panni
Edible date, 943—See:—Dates Ela, 93; 465
(varieties) Elach, 94
Edible Hibiscus, 1—See:— Elai—See:—^Pichulati-elai
Hibiscus; Common garden Elachi or Elaichi, 475—See:—
hibiscus Bara - elachi; Bari - elachi;
Edible moss, 591—See:—^Moss Chhoti-elachi; Chota-elaichi;
(varieties) Choti-elachi; Moto - elachi;
Edible pine—See:—Neozapine; Safed-elachi
Pine (varieties) Elakanni, 1145—See:—^Kanni
Edikkol, 282 (varieties)
Edleweinrebe, 1285 Elakaya, 475
Eechakoyya, 945 Elakgai, 475—See:—Gai
Eechalamara, 946—See:— Elakkay—See:—Pedda-
Sanna-eechalumara elakkay
Eechamaram, 945 Elakkaya, 475
Eel—See:—Indian Eel; Ban- Elakki, 475
fish; Fish (varieties) Elam, 475
Eendu, 798 • . Elandai, 1316
Eenthakay, 422 Elattari—See:—Periya-
Eerulli, 63 elattari
Eeshavaramulla, 139 Elav—See:—^Peri-elav
Eesvurberu, 139 Elchi—See:—Lal-elchi; Safed-
Egg—See:—^Fish-eggs; White elchi
of egg Elder tree, 1097
Egg-plant, 1151—See:—Wild Eldori—See:—Moto-eldori
eggs plant Elegaram, M/103
Egg shell, A/163—See:—Shell Elemi, 253
(varieties) Elemichcham, 346
Egorca, 166 Elengi, 801—See:—Mimusope
Egyptian Castalia Lotus, 292— • Elengi
See:—Castalia lotus; Lotus Elephant, A/160
(varieties) Elephant-apple or Wood-apple,
Egyptian Com, 1305—See:— 535—See:—Apple (varieties)
C o m (varieties)
Egyptian Lotus, 844—See:— Elephant creeper, 136
Lotus (varieties) Elephantenapfel, 535
Eihukan, 506 Elephant grass, 930; 1253
774 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Elephant's foot (prickly leaves) Enugapippalu, 1117—See:—

474—See:—^Telugu potato Pippallu
Elephant's foot:—See:—^Telugu Epala—See:—Valta-epala
potato, 94 Ephedra, 486
Elevam, 208 Epinard comu, 1164
Elimichcham—See:—^Periya- Epinard lisse, 1164
elimichcham Eppi, 179
Ella errie, A/171 Eradi—See:—Kad-eradi
Ella-imbul, 362 Eraminu, A/215
Ella kay, 475 Eramudapu, 1065
Ellakkay—See;—Adavi- Erand, 1065—See:—Arabi-
ellakkay erand; Mogli-erand
Ellakura, 1091—See:—Kura Eranda, 1065—See:—^Kanana-
(varieties) eranda
EUenne, 1127 Eranda-gach, 705
Ellu, 1126—See:—Hutchellu; Erandi—See:—Jangli-erandi;
Kadellu; Karuellu; Kattellu; Moghli-erendi; Ran-erandi;
Uchellu; Uruellu; Mylellu Velaty-erandi
Elsabuniyeh, 1104 Erandthailam, 1065
Elumicham tulasi, 864—See:— Eravalu, 71
Tulasi (varieties) Erendi, 1065—See:—Moghli-
Elumicchai, 342 erendi
Elumichhampazham—See:— Eri, 1065
Kattu-elumichhampazham. Erikka, 237
Elumitchanarakam, 346 Erka, 1253
Elupay—See:—Kattu-elupay Ermul, 1081
Elva, 75 Erodium moschatum, A/203
Elwa, 73; 75 Eroppakaita, 54
Eluppai—See:—Shimai- Erra-gandamu, 1026—See:—
eluppai Gandamu
Emblic Myrobalan, 480—See: Erragonkaya, 632—See:—
—Myrobalan (varieties) Gonkaya
EmbHc Phyllanthe—See:— Erra-jiluga, 1129—See:—
Phyllanthe Emblic- Jiluga
Embudichettu, 972 Erra-kuti, 925—See:—Kuti
Emetic Nut, 1047; 1233 (varieties)
Enamriga, A/143 Erra-pachchari, 431—See:—•
Endaru, 1065 Pachchari
Endi, 1065 Erra-posta-kaya-chettu, 901-^
Endive, 313 See:—^Posta-kaye-chettu
Endranee, 1079 Erra-purvu, 1295—See:—
Endraru, 999 Purvu
Eng, 455 Erra-tamara, 844—See:—
Ennay or Ennei, 455—See:—
Tamara (varieties)
Nallenne; Meenaennay Erravegisa, 1024—See:—Vegisa
Enuga—See:—^Pedda-enuga Erubescite, M/49
Enugadanta, 265 Erukku, 237
 INDEX 775

Erup—pichha, 352—See:— Faras, 222; 1193

Pichha Farasiyun, 771
Eru-saru, 1194—See:^Saru Farbe-Indigopflanza, 681
Eru-sarumanu, 1194—See:— Farber safElor, 278
Sarumanu
Ervados, 955 Farberwurzel, 1075
Ervaru, 403 • Faribduti, 92Q
Esaka Dantikurra, 578—See:Faridbel, 362—See:—Bel
—^Dantikurra; Kurra (varieties)
(varieties) Faridbuti, 535
Esamaduga, 183 Farid muli, 535—See:—MuU
Eta, 457 (varieties)
Eti-puchcha, 335—See:— Farisail Harin, A/143—See:—
Puchcha Harin
Etthhu, A/146 Farnwarzel, 467—See:—Warm-
Euphorbades ancien, 522 famwarzal
Farwa, 1193
Euphorbe a feuilles de thym,
529 Fasein, 942
Euphorbe antivenerien, 529Fatarfoda, 1292
Euphorbe tirucalli, 529 Fat of the hog, purified inter-
Evaporated milk, A/175—See: nal, A/136
Milk (varieties) Fat of Sheep's wool, A/137
Faugli^mehndi, 92—See:—
Evergreen Sweet-corn, 1304—
See:—Sweet-corn; corn Mehndi (varieties)
Exile Oleander, 1218—See:—Faux safran, 278—See:—
Oleander (varieties) Safran
Fazzeh, ^M/13
Exsiccated calcium sulphate,
M/46—See:— Calcium sul- Feathers—See:—^Prince's
phate; Sulphate of calciumfeathers
Feldsauramfer, 1079
Felspar, M/6; M/93; M/94—
See:-—Native white felspar;
Faddah, M/14 White felspar
Faduj madani, M/97—See:— Felspar of granite, M/89—See:
Madani —Granite-felspar
Fakri, 923 Fennel, 557—See:—Small fen-
Fakria, 923 nel; Sweet fennel; Indian
Faliddhar, 297 Sweet fennel.
False Calumba, 187—See:— Fenugreek, 1240
Calumba Feringee-datura, 133—See:—
Falsh, 1005 Datura
Fanjuim, 1251 Fermented rice, M/49—See:—
Fan-palm, 384—See:—Palm Rice
(varieties) / Fern—See:—Maiden-hair
Faqurul Yahud, M/23—See:— fern; Male-fern thizome
Yahud Feronia geant, 535
Faranjmishk, 864—See:— Ferric oxide—See:—^Native
Mishk (varieties) ferric-oxide
 776 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Ferrous sulphate—See:— Finfache Blattblume, 949

Crude ferrous sulphate Finger of Hermes, 622
Ferrud, 508 Firanghee-dhatura, 133—See:
Ferrum Haematite, M/42—See: —Dhatura (varieties)
—^Haematite Furanj-mushk, 861—See:—
Ferule Asafoetida, 537—See:— Mushk (varieties)
Asafoetida Fir & Fir tree, 959—See:—
Ferula sumbul, A/203—See:— Himalayan Silver Fir; Silver
Sumbul Fir
Ferungmishk—See:—Tukhm Fish, A/141; A/144; A/213;
—ferungmishk; Mishk A/215; A/214; A/216—See:
(varieties) —Ban-fish; Gorai-fish; Lake-
Fevernut, 226 fish; Nala-fish; Pond-fish;
Fevertree—See:—Australian Punti-fish; River-fish; Rohee-
fever-tree fish; Rohu-fish; Rohitaka-
Field Pea, 976; 977—See:— fish; Sabli-fish; Sea-fish;
Pea (varieties) Seir-fish; Shallow-fish;
Field-sorrel, 1079—See:— Water-fish; SheU-fish; Shole-
Sorrel (varieties) fish; Singi-fish; Sutki-fish;
Field vetch, 420—See:—Vetch Tangra-fish; Tank-fish;
(varieties) Telescope-fish; Weak-fish;
Fifile-surkh, 268—See:—Surkh Well-fish; White-fish
(varieties) Fish-bone—See:—Cuttle-fish-
Fig—See:—Sacred fig; Cluster- bone; Bone
fig; Country-fig tree; Gular- Fishberry, 360—See:—Berries
fig (varieties)
Figiner-a-petit fruits, 542 Fish eggs, A/215—See:—Eggs
Fig-tree, 545—See:—Fig (varieties)
(varieties) Fish near spring-water, A/214
Figuier-due Bengal, 543 —See:—Fish (varieties)
Figuier Elastique, 548 Fiturasalium, 1008
Figuier-ou-arbre des pagodes, Five biles (ancha pitta), A/159
552 —See:—Bile (varieties)
Fil, 305; 965 Five-leaved Chaste Tree, 1278
Filberts, 61—See:—^Indian —See:—Chaste tree
Filbert Flacorita—See:—Manyspiked
Fildray, 965 flacorita
Fil-fila-daraz, 965—See:— Flake white lead, M/85—See:—
Darfilfil Lead (varieties) !
Fil-filae-moya, 965 Flaschenkurbis, 721 '
Fil-fila-siah, 969 Flat bean, 461—See:—^Beans
Filfildray, 965 (varieties)
Filfileahmar, 268 Flint—See:—Pure flint
Filfiluswud, 969 Flax plant, 743
Filzahrah. 187 Fleabane—See:—^Ash-eoloured
Findak, 383 fleabane; Canada fleabane;
Finduk-i-hindi, 1103—See:— Purple fleabane
Hindi (varieties) Flash—See:—^Pigeon's flesh
 INDEX 777

Flowered cotton—See:— Fresh ox gall, A/161—See:—

Yellow-flowered cotton; Ox-gaU; Gall (varieties)
Cotton (varieties) Fructus juniperi—See:—
Flowers of arsenic^ M/15—See: Olexun fructus juniperi;
—Arsenic; Arsenic flowers Juniperi
Flowers of lead, M/86—See:—. Fruhbohne, 940
Lead (varieties) Fudali Bhathi, 697
Flowers of zinc, M/132—See:— Fuhl-planze, 799
Zinc (varieties) Fula-criqua, 354
Flouride of potassium, M/93— Fuller's Earth, M/95—See:—
See:—Potassium fluoride Earth (varieties)
Fodder-;-See:—^Napiers Fod- Fulvar, 215
der Fusain, 520
Foetid cassia, 291—See:—
Cassia (varieties)
Folio Cocae, 510—See:—
Cocae folio Gab, 452; 1065
Footed aquatic animals, A/140 Gaba, 452
—S8e:—Aquatic animals Gab-bherenda, 705—See:—
Forget-me-not—See:—^Indian Bherenda (varieties)
Forget-me-not Gabhana, M/46
Fossil encrinite, M/95 Gabhi, A/146
Four-o'clock flower, 803 Gach-karan, 1059
Foxglove, 448 Gachmarich, 268—See:—
Foxnut, 530 Marich (varieties) '
Foxtail millet, 1131—See:— Gachmirichi, 268—See:—
Millet (varieties) Mirich or Mirichi (varieties)
Fragrant Screwpine, 894— Gadabani, 1228—See:—Bani
See:—Screwpine; Pine Gsda-Cani, 1228—See: —Cani
varieties)) Gadadhar, 142
Francoline, A/141 Gadagvel, 1263
PVankincense—See:—Indian Gada-kalha, 1171
Frankincense Gadambhikanda, 389—See: —
Frast, 1005 Kanda (varieties)
French Bean—See:—Bean Gadancha, 1220
(varieties) Gadani-kanda, 389—See: —
French chalk—See:—Chalk Kanda (varieties)
(varieties) Gadathigadaparaku, 138
French Haricot Bean, 942— Gadda: —See: —Adavi-tella-
See:—Beans; Haricot bean gadda; Penneroo-gadda;
(varieties) Segagadda; Sheemagadda;
French lavender, 730—See:— Tella-gadda; Tsallogadda;
Arabian lavender; Lavender TTv1o.gof^<^a: Yerra r- gadda;
(varieties) Akasgaddah: Panneru-gadda;
French Marigold, 1190—Se;B: Akasha-eadda; Chamkuraka-
—^Marigold gadda: Gaiiara-gredda; Kalap-
French Rose or Red Rose, 1073 pagarida; Kanda-gadda; Kun-
—See:—:Rose (varieties) da-gadda
30
778 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Gadda, A/162 Gajikekayi, 226—See: —Kai or

Gaddah—See:—^Rakas-gaddah Kayi (varieties)
Gaddai—See: —^Tunga-gaddai Gajjara-gedda, 441—(See:—
Gaddi—See: —UUegaddi Gadda or Gedda (varieties)
Gadde—See: —Suvama- Gajjara-kilangu, 441—See:—
gadde; Konnari-gadde; Kilangu (varieties)
Koranari-gadde Gajjari, 441
Gadhapama, 202 Gajphal, 964
Gadio, 899 Gaj-pipal, 964, 1117—See:—
Gadis—See: —^Kayo-gadis Gaja-pipal; Pipal (varieties)
Gado, 356; 1220 Gajpipali, 979—See: —Pipali
Gado Cunya, 1228 Gajrah, 1181
Gadro, 899 Gajra kumbi, 362—See: —
Gaemon, 310 Kumbi
Gaenari, 584 Gala, A/148; A/232
Gae'rahonara patta, 389' Galagara, 469
Gaerumara, 96 Galagarachettu, 469
Gaggar, 1060 Galakonda, 268
Gaggera-chettu, 865 Galamark, 705
Gagli, 458 ^Galanga cardamoms, 77—See:
Gahu, 1244—See:—Pivla-Gahu —Cardamoms • (varieties)
Gai—See:—^Elakgai; Kedagai; Galangal—See:^-Grand or
Murungai Greater galangal; Java
Gai, A/146 galangal; Lesser galangal
Gaiaswat, 554 Galanggam, M/86
Gaimaril, 609 Galaphul, 254
Gainika, M/7 Galartori, 1234—See:—Tori
Gairika, M/7; M/95—See: — (varieties)
Suvarna-Gairika Galayi, 1221
Gajachini, 297 Galbanum, 541
Gaja dausntree, 926 Galena, M/14; M/87
Gajago, 226; 229 Galeni, 733
Gajangi,-894 Galgoja, 957
Ga]'animma, 339; 346—See: — Galgota—See: —Asmani-
Nimma (varieties) galgota
Gajapipal, 979; 1117~See: — Gali, 681—See:—Phungali
Pipai (varieties) Gali-chekka, 1143
Gajapippalee moola, 964—See: Galijeru, 1228—See:—Gunta-
—^Moola (varieties) galijaeru; Tellagalijeru
Gajapippali, 1117—See: — Gall—See:—Fresh ox-gall; ox-
Pippali (varieties) gall; Purified ox-gall
Gaja-pippallu, 1117—See: — Gallah, A/160
Pippallu; Enuga-pippalu Gall-bladder, A/216
Gajapushpam, 792 Galli-See:—MuUu-galli;
Gajar, 441—See:—Lahori Perungalli
gajar; Pitai-gajar Gallnut, 1205—See:—Indian
Gajega, 226; 229 gall-nut
Gajga, 226—See:—Kuldgajga Galls, 1062—See:—Oak-galls
 INDEX 773

Gall-stone, A/144 Gandha—See: —Angustha-

Gallu, 1196 gandha; Asagandha; Ashva-
Galo, 1220 gandha; Asvagandha; Aswa-
Galori—See: —Patala-galori gandha; Ikshugandha; Mle-
Galot, 303; 304 cha-gandha; Rajani-gandha;
Galpar-ka-patta, 724 Rasgandha; Sarpa-gandha;
Gam, 1244—See:—Teregam Shrigandhadamara. Shrigan-
Gamanayakam, 542 dha; Ugragandha; Durgan-
Gamara—See: —Mutta- dha
gamara Gandha-bela, 104—See:—Bela
Gamathi phudina, 789—See: — (varieties)
Phudina (varieties) Gandhabena, 104; 107; I l l -
Gsmbhara, 584 See:—Bena (varieties)
Gambharee—See:— Gandha-bhadulia, 892—See: —
Taagambharee Bhadulia
Gambhari, 584 Gandhabiroz, 211—See: —
Gambheram, 861 Biroz
Gambier, 1254 Gandhabiroza, 541; 958—See:
Gambir, 1254 Biroza
Gamboge—See: —Indian Gandaburoja, 541—See: —
gamboge Euro j a
Gamboge tree—See:—Mysore Gandhagatra, 116
Gamboge tree Gandhagiri--See: —Kempu-
Ganasura, 395 gandhagiri
Ganda, 116—See:—Ahiganda; Gandhak, M/119
Garba-ganda; Pashu-ganda Gandhaka, M/119—See: —
Gandabhuti, 523 Amragandhaka
Gandagadravakam, M/119 Gandhakam, M/119
Gandak, M/119 Gandhali, 891
Gandakam, M/119 Gandha-marjara, A/234
Gandala, 428 Gandhamenasu, 400—See:—
Gandamasti, 418 Menasu; Bal-menasu;
Gandamgundu, 758—See: — Kempu-menasu; Volley-
Gundu (varieties) menasu
Gandamu—See: —Erra- Gandhamu—See—Rakta gan-
gandamu dhamu
Gandapura, 626 Gandhamula, 1—See:—Mula
Gandapuro, 570 (varieties)
Gandapushpa, 1104 Gandhana, 150; 892
Gandar, A/217 Gandhanakuli, 872; 1263
Ganda-shrah, 1098 Gandhani, 138
Gandbabul, 14—See:—Babul Gandha-pani-rajaka, 861
Safed babul; Vilayati-babul Gandha-prasarini, 892—See: —
Prasarini
Gand-bel, 110—See:—Bel Gandhapu-chekka, 1098
(varieties) ^ Gandhapurana, 203
Gander, A/143 Gandharaj, 568; 569
Gandera, 1056 Gandharash, 170
780 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Gandharva hasthah, lt)65 Gansur, 394; 395

Gandhatrana, 104 Ganthoda—See: —^Tagar-
Gandha-tulasi, 863—See: — ganthoda; Taggarganthoda
Tulasi (varieties) Gaoj, A/153—See:—Ghous
Gandheli, 698 Gabrohan, A/144
Gandhi, 476; 698—See: — Gaoshira, 541
Aswagandhi; Patalagandhi; Gaourai, 532
Ratna-gandhi; Vishnugandhi Gaozaban, 114; 225; 759; 871;
Gandhitagarappu, 1189—See: 1233—See: —Guli-gaozabana
Tagarappu Garachetti, 166
Gandibuti, 804 Garajphal, 219
Gandira, 522 Garala, A/218
Gandna—See: —^Tukm-i- Garani, 354
gandna Garate, 475-
Gandrak, M/119 Garayo, 689
Ganesh Ketnda, 1055—See: — Garba ganda, 1087—See: —
Kanda (varieties) Ganda (varieties)
Gajigaravi, 630—See:—^Ravi; Garbedero, 310
Munigangaravi; KuUaravi Garbhagatini, 579
Gangareni, 1218 Garbha gogha, 264
Gangarenu, 630—See:—Renu Garbhakara, 1036—See: —
Gangarevi, 1218 Kara (varieties)
Ganger, 756; 1317 Garbijur, 748
Gangird, M/119 Gardabha, A/160
Gangiva, 532 Gardal, 485
Gang-salik, A/136 Gardali, 1014
Ganguranichettu, 630 Garda-patali, 872
Gangwa, 532 Gardaphala, 360
Ganhar, 89 Garden Beet, 197~See:—Com-
Ganiari, 1009 mon-beet; Beet
Gani-karika, 353; 1009 Garden-Hibiscus—See: —
Ganja, 256—See also Buza- Common garden-hibiscus;
ganja; Kanja; -Jadaganja; Hibiscus
Ranaganja Garden Opium—See:—^Patna
Ganjali-hullu, 106 Garden-opium;
Genjankorai, 861 Opium (varieties)
Ganjayi, 256 Garden Pea, 977—See:—Pea
Ganji—See: —^Hooli-ganji (varieties)
Ganjika, 256 Garden Purslane, 1005—See:
Ganjni, 110 —^Purslane
Ganna, 1083. Garden quinine, 352—See: —
Ganneru, 847—See Billagan- Quinine
neru; Niruganneru; Pachcha- Garden radish, 1049—See: —
ganneru; Vadaganneru Radish (varieties)
Ganni, 698—See:—Naasu- Garden Rue, 1081—See:—Rue
ganni; Pasarganni (varieties)
Ganpul'h—See: —^Waran- Garden-sage, 1094—See: —
ganpulih Sage (varieties)
 INDEX 781

Garden Thyme, 1219—Seer- Gauriphal, 1077

Thyme; Wild thyme Gav—See: —Makragav
Gardha-bhanda, 629—See: — Gavad, A/147
Bhanda Gaval, 138
Gardhan, 1055 Gavalu, A/158
Gardundi, 861 Gavat, 103—See:—^Lal-gavat;
Gargira, 1017 Poladi-gavat; Vilayati-gavat
Garham, 1220 Gavatichaha, 104—See:—-Cha;
Garho-mirch, 270—See: — Chaha (varieties)
Mirch (varieties) Gavedhu, 368
Garijara, 440 Gawar, 420
Garikae, 425 Gayala, 303
Garike, 425 Gazangabin, 1194
Gari kulaj, 462—See:—Kulaj Gazar, 441
Gari-kulay, 581—See: Kulay Gazmazaj, 1194
Gariya, 689 Gazur—See:—Tine-gazur
Garjan, 455; 456—See: — Gebokanak, 447
Duhun-el-garjan; Teli- Gebranchlicher Jasmin, 702;
garjan; Tihya-garjan 703—See:—Jasmine d'arabic
Garjana—See: —Bandigarjana Gebrauchlicher, 480
Garjan-ka-tel, 455 Gedda—See: —Gadda
Garlic, 65 Geeranta, 730
Garmala, 285 Gehornter Saurklee, 890
Garmalu, 372 Gehu, 1244
Garter dill, 935—See:—Dill Gehun, 1244
Garuda-mukku, 771 Gejulia, 932
Garuga, 570 Gelaphal, 1047
Garuganni—See: —Kada Geld, M/32
garuganni Gemeiner Bambos, 172
Garunga, 469 Gemeiner Brechnussbaum,
Garur, 748 1175
Garvaphul, 100 Gemeiner coriander, 381—
Gashagasha, 902 See:—Coriander
Gasmiris, 268 Gemeiner Flachs—See: —
Gasugasalu, 901 Gemeiner Lein
Gatchkaya, 226 Gemeiner Herzsamen, 272
Gathi—See:—Sithagathi Gemeiner-Judendorn, 1318
Gathukam, 537 Gemeiner Lein or Flachs, 743
Gati—See: —Seemagati Gemeiner Mohre, 441
Gatt, A/234 Gemeiner Pisang, 822
Gatta-demata, 585 Gemeiner Tabac, 850
Gatta-tumba, 740—See: — Gemeiner wacholder, 710
Tumba; Peetumba Gemeiner Zedrrach, 784
Gattilierineise, 1278 Gemeine Wassemuss, 1227
Gau, A/146 Gemusespinat, 1164
Gaungchi, 5 Genasoo, 72
Gaunri, 1227 Genasu, 684—See:—Heggenasu
Gauri, 414 Genda, 1190
782 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Gendagum, M/119 Ghaipat, 717

Gendha, A/147 Ghalegherinta, 394
Geneverier, 710 Ghal Ghase, 739—See: —
Gengri, 431 Ghase
Genne, 607 Ghalijeroo, 1228—See: —
Genneru—See: —Adavi- Tellaghalijeroo
genneru Ghamur, &95
Gentian—See: —Himalayan or Ghaneri, 725
Indian Gentian Ghangato, 392
Geranilum grass, 111 Ghansing, 1169
Geranium—See: —Jungle Ghansurang, 395
geranium Ghant, 1055
Geranium triste, A/203 Ghanti-chi-bhaji, 1162—See:—
Geredi, 485 Bhaji (varieties)
Geria, 532 Ghanya marvel, 111—See: —
Gerike, 425 Marvel
Gerius samak, A/135—See: — Gharahuvoo, 385
Samak Gharar-khejur, 943—See: —
Ger-kayi, 1119—See:—Kai or Khejur
Kayi (varieties) Gharee, 724
Germander—See: —Water- Gharei-kash-malu, 724
germander Gharekun, 1001
Germandree aquatique, 1212 Gharicum, 50—See: —
Germandree d'eau, 1212 Gharicum
German silver, M/49—See:— Gharikum, 1001—See: —
Silver (varieties) Gharikum
Germehal, 1171 Gharol, 1220
Geru, M/7; M/95--See: — Gharote, 891
Phula-geru; Sitageru; Sona- Gharphul, 385
geru; Turuka-geru Ghas—See: —Chinaghas;
Geruda-petsaprai, M/97—See: Chinaighas; Chinaigas;
—Petsaprai Nirbishaghas; Patwa-ghas
Gerumati, M/10; M/95—See: — Ghase, (Ghal), 739
Mati (varieties) Ghati, 1152
Getiya—See: —^Maha-getiya Ghati gum, 117
Get-kola, 609—See:—Kola Ghatipithpapra, 714—See: —
(varieties) Pitpapara (varieties)
Gewa, 532 Ghatpahn, 280—See:—Palm
Gewurznelkev, 835 (varieties)
Geyapal, 396 Ghatzari, 107
Ghabilo, 922 Ghaula, 86
Ghaemari, 717 Ghausar, 250—^See:—Sar
Ghagerbel, 753 (varieties)
Ghaghara, 130 Ghayal, 54; 55
Ghagri, 392; 394 Ghebunelli. 1010—See:—Nelli
Ghagti, 392 l (varieties)
Ghaial—See:—Chota ghaial; Ghee, A/182
Latia ghaial Ghee, old, A/187
 INDEX 783

Ghekul, 1253 Ghosalay, 751

Ghelagherinta, 392 Ghosali, 752—See:—Kadu-
Gherittekarnina, 1270 ghosali
Ghermumitti, M/10—See: — Ghosha-lata, 751
Mitti (varieties) Ghostalata, 753
Gherumitti, M/94—See: — Ghosuel, 850
Mitti (varieties) Ghota—See: —Sagur-ghota
Gherwel, 1282 Ghoti-sava, 898—See:—Sava
Ghetu, 353 Ghoul—See: —Mashtui-ghoul
Ghetuli, 203 Ghous or Gaoj, A/153
Ghevda, 461—See:—Chavdari Ghrita, A/141; A/182
ghevda; Ran-ghevada; Ghrita-kumari, 73; 76—See: —
Shravan-ghevda Kumari (varieties)
Ghiatarui, 752 Ghrit-kumari, 73 See:—
Ghiaturai, 752 Kumari (varieties)
'Ghikanvar, 73—See: — Ghrittham, A/182
Kanvar (varieties) Ghumachi, 5
Ghikanwar, 76 Ghuntarava, 394
Ghila, 561 Ghurumba, 335
Ghilodi, A/170 Giahi-kaisara, 1239
Ghimashak, 804 Giatya bruz, 764
Ghin—See: —Vata-ghin Gidad-drak, 1285—See: —
Ghira—See: —^Tukhmiza- Drakh; Jangli-drakh
ghira Gidar-tamaku, 1266—See: —
Ghisodi—See: —Kadughisodi Tamaku (varieties)
Ghit-kochu, 1253—See: — Gidro, 402
Kochu Gigantic Swallowwort, 237—
Ghivala, 234 See: —Swallowwort
Ghiwain, 472 (varieties) I
Ghogar, 570 Gijjira-harmu, 943
Ghogari, 587 Gikrukalan, 926
Ghol, 1006—See:—Motighol; Gil, M/94; M/95
Ranghol Gila-gach, 486
Gholbhaji, 1006 Gilarnika, 354
Gholi, 300—See:—Bhui- Gilas, 1014
gholi Gila-tiga, 486—See:—Tiga
Gholi-ki-bhaji, 1007—See: — (varieties)
Bhaji (varieties) Gile-armani, M/94
Gholsari, 801 Gil-e-far, M/94
Ghongukuru, 628 Gile-surkh, M/95—See: —
Ghoodu—See: —Moolughoodu Surkh (varieties)
Ghora, 108 Gil-i-abrorshi, M/94
Ghoralidi, 1285 Giliad Balm—See:—Balm of
Ghora-nim, 784—See: —Nim Giliad
(varieties) Gil-j alii, 444
Ghore-sun, 392^—See:—Sun Gill, M/10
Ghorpadvel, 1283—See: — Gilla, 485—See:—Gunda-
Padvel gilla
 784 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Gilo, 1220—See:—Satgilo Goalilata, 1283

Giloe, 1220 Goametta, 1307
Gilo Gulanch, 356 Goanese Ipecacuanha, 842—
Gilo-Gularich, 1220 See:—Ipecacuanha
Gil safed, M/41 (varieties)
Gilsufeid, M/6 Goa Potato, 449—See:—Potato
Gimasag, 804 (varieties)
Gimasaka, 666 Goa Powder, 100
Gineri, 1010 Goat, A/147; A/212
Gingelly Seed, 1126 Goat's foot creeper, 689
Ginger, 1309—See:—Mango- Goat's milk, A/175—See:—
ginger; Wild-ginger Milk (varieties)
Ginger grass, 104 Gobar champa, 993—See:—
Ginja, 103 Champa (varieties)
Gino, 733 Gobari, 22
Ginsi-Kyaw, 1309 Gobbi—See:—Neerugobbi
Gin-sin, 1309 Gobhi, 474
Girambi, 486 Gobria sulah, 3
Girbuti, 160 Gobura, 114
Girdul, 485 Goda, 1277; 1280
Girimallika, 634—See:— Godang, 822
Mallika (varieties) Godanti, M/46
Girimati, M/7—See:—Mati Godavaj, 35
(varieties) Goddupavih, 1007
Girishamu, 15 Gode Indrajava, 1296—See:—
Girmalah, 285 Indrajav (varieties)
Girmi, 507 Godhadi, 626
Girofla, 835 Godhapadi, 1283
Giroli, 356 Godhuma, 1244—See:—Mah-
Gitanaram, 612 godhuma
Glass—See:—Muscovy Godi, 1244—See:—Jave-godi
glass Godnimbu, 346—See:—Nimbu
Glattfruchtiger Soinat, 1164 (varieties)
Glimmer, M/123" Godugu—See:—Kukkagodugu
Globe Artichoke, 425—See:— Godimiay, 1244
Artichoke Godumulu, 1244
Globe thistle—See:—^East- Goeliruku, 543
Indian Globe-thistle; Gogajal, 957
Thistle; Indian Globe-thistle; Gogar. 108
Thistle (varieties) Gogird, M/119
Globose-yam, 450—See:—^Yam Goglemool, 577—
(varieties) Goglimool, 577—See:—Mool
Glucose, A/183 (varieties)
Go, A/146 Gognier, 709
Goa bean, 461—See:—Bean Gogu, 13; 628—See:—See^a-
(varieties) gogu; Varagogu
Goachi-phal, 1017 Goguchettu, 933
Groagarilakri, 1173 Goinjol, 1304
 INDKX 785

Gojal—See:—^Mullugojal Golkaddu, 185—See:—Kaddu

Gojialata, 474 (varieties)
Gojibha, 474 Golkakra, 808; 820
Gojihiva, 474 Golkankra, 807—See:—Kankra
Gokarna, 354 Gol-mirich, 969
Gokhru, 667—See:—Bara- Gohnorich, 969—See:—Mirich.
gokhru; Chota-gokhru; (varieties)
Kadva-gokhru; Mothan Golunga—See:—Naga-
gokhru; Mothe-gokhru; golunga
Ubha-gokhru Goma Madhupati, 739
Grokhula-janum, 667—See:— Gomibheyamagaru chettu, 892
Gokuhla-j anum Gomru-—See:—^Peddagomru
Goldiula-kanta, 667—See:— Goth-karwi-vali, 1307
Kanta (varieties) Gomuthra silajit, M/24—See:
Gokhuri, 1229 —Silajit (varieties)
Gokhuri-kalan, 1229 Gonajali, 203—See:—^Jali (va-
Gokshura, 667; 926; 1229 rieties)
Gokuhla-j anum, 133—See:— Gond—See:—Chinai gond;
Gokhula-janum Chirgond; Chokargond;
Gokuma-mula, 354—See:— Chuniagond; Kateragond;
Mula (varieties) Velgond
Gol, 254 Gondabadustan, A/147
Gola, 986 Gondad, 111
Golagandi, 1226 Gond dhow, 117
Golalu, 1154 Gondi, 380; 1162—See:—
Golap-phul, 1072 Telladuradagondi
Golappu, 1072 Gondral, 698
Gola-tulasi, 863—See:— Gondvel, 308
Tulasi (varieties) Gondwal, 111
Gold, M/32—See:—Mosaic Gonglemol, 577
gold Gongura—See:—Konda-
Golden Champa, 794—See:— gongura
Champa; Gobar-champa Goni-mara, 1092
Golden collyrium, 369—See:— Gonji, 581
CoUyrium Gonkaya—See:—Erra gonkaya
Golden-Rod, 1158 Gonshi, A/142
Golden silk cotton, 362—See:— Gonsurang, 394; 395
Silk-cotton (varieties) Gonyuch, 736
Golden thread root, 376 Gookee, 609
Gold silajit, M/23—See:— Gookorh, A/153
Silajit (varieties) Goomodee, 1031
Gold thread, 376; 1213 Goond, 378
Goondnee, 378
Goli—See:—Bhui-goli; Gooroo Nuts, 1169
Dhavidekgoli Gooseberry, 1064—See:—
Golicha vel—See:—^Khaj Country gooseberry; Cape-
gohcha-vel Gooseberry; Chinese Goose-
GcJlinda, 1283 berry; Indian Gooseberry
786 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Goose-berry Otaheite, 946— Goruchettu, 519

See:—Gooseberry (varieties) Goruma, 519
Goosefoot, 305 Gorurchampa, 993—See:—
Goot-Baigun, 756—See:— Champa (varieties)
Baigun Gorwa—See:—Minjurgorwa
Gope, M/95 Gosai, 1286
Gopichandan, M/10; M/95— Gosamp, A/233
See:—Chandan (varieties) Goshtam, 1108
Gopimulam, 619 Gostan, 1108
Gora-bach, 35—See:—Bach Gota—See:—Sagar-gota;
(varieties) Tambad-gota
Gorabel, 1031—See:—Bel Gotagamba, 565
(varieties) Gote, 395
Goradu, 449; 450; 451—See:— Gotaghanba, 565
Konfa-goradu Goting, 1203
Gorai—See:—Duda-gorai Gotti, 1319
Gorai fish, A/215—See:— Gourd—See:—Gourd small;
Fishes (varieties) Bitter bottle-gourd; Bottle-
Goraji, 90 goiird; Long white-gourd;
Gorakchauha, 1138—See:— White gourd; Indian bottle
Chaulia gourd; Red gourd, Snake-
Gorakh amli, 38—See:—^Amli gourd; Spanish-g o u r d ;
(varieties) Towel-gourd; Wax-gourd;
Gorakh-chinch, 38—See: — Indian wild goui-d; Wild
Chinch snake gourd; Wild gourd
Gorakh pamo, 617 Gourde, 721
Gorakmundi, 1162—See:— Gourd Melon—See:—White
Mundi (varieties) gourd melon
Gora-nebu, 346—See:— Gourd small, 402—See:—
Nebu (varieties) Gourd etc. (varieties)
Gorani, 420 Gourge, 407
Goranta—See:—^MuUu- Gouri-balli, 674
goranta Gouribija, 688
Goranti-vittulu—See:— Gouritvac, 166
Shimagoranti vittulu; Govekari, 822
Vittulu (varieties) Goverdhan, 526
Gorchikkudu, 421 Govila, 1283
Goriundi, 860 Govindaphal, 267
Gorivi, 699 Govindphal, 265
Gorochan, A/144 Govu, 1244
Gorochana, M/97; A/145; Govuldu, 273
A/161 Gowali, 593
Gorochanam, A/161 Gowar, 420—See:—Deshi-
Gorochanamiu, A/145 gowar; Makania-gowar;
Gorojanai, A/161 "Pardeshi" gowar; Sotia
Gorojanam, A/161 gowar; "Wakadia" gowar.
Gorti, 175 Gowgird, M/119
Goru, A/146 Gowpurgee, 199 ;'
 INDEX 787

Goyazin, A/161 Green Copperas, M/63—See:—

Goyijiyashivalam, 254 Copperas (varieties)
Goyya-pandu, 1017 Green dove, A/158—See:—
Goyya-pazham, See:—(Sega- Dove
pu), 1017c Green Gram, 939—See:—
Gram—'See:—Bengal gram; Gram (varieties)
Black gram; Cowgram; Green Peas—See:—Pea; Peas
Green-gram; Common-gram (varieties)
Gramya, 863 Green Vitriol, M/63—See:—
Gramya animals, A/140 Vitriol (varieties)
Granatbaum, 1031 Grenandier cultive, 1031
Grand or greater galangal, 77 Grey Partridge, A/162—See:
—See:—Galangal —Partridge (varieties)
Grandika—See:—Shad- Gridhrani, 138
grandika Grishma-sundaraka, 805
Granite, M/93 Grishmasundara Parpataka,
Granite-felspar^—See:— 804—See:—Parpataka
Felspar of granite Groats—See:—
Granthagolomi—See:— Grechevnaya
Shadgranthagolomi Groseille, 1064
Granthi, 425—See:—Ugra- Gross blumige Narda, 839
granthi; Sthulagranthi Groundnut, 121
Granthikam, 965 Group of winged insects, A/166
Grapes, 1285 —See:—Insects
Grass—Grasses of many varie- Grozet, 1064
ties have been treated in' this Grudi, 1065
book Gua, 130
Grass of Nemaur, 107—See:— Guabak, 130
Nemaur grass Guaku, 1048
Gratiola, thyme-leaved, 624— Guar, 420
See:—Thyme-leaved gratiola Guara, 472
Greater cardamom, 93—See:— Guarapata, 54
Cardamom (varieties) Guarea grandiflora. A/203
Greater galangal—See:— Guava, 1017
Grand or greater galangal Guavilakri, 699
Great-leaved Caledium, 72— Gubadarra, 615
See:—Caledium Gu-baval, 14—See:—Baval
"Great Mullein", 1266—See:— (varieties)
Mullein Gubui, 733
Great one-horned Rhinoceros, Guchcha, 110
A217 Gudametige, 1282
A/217—See:—Rhinoceros Gudan, 379
Great Pumpkin, 407—See:—
Pumpkin (varieties) Gudapandu, 1238
Grechevnaya (groats) 534— Gudatvak, 328
—See:—Groats Gudbel, 356
Green Basil, 864—See:—Basil Guddada-ippae, 273—See:—
(varieties) Ippe-mara
 788 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Guddae—See:—^Kosuguddae; Gulab-ke-phul, 1072

Gadda Gadde (varieties) Gulabnu-phul, 1072
Gudhal, 631 Gulabshavante, 1072
Gudhatee, 138 Gulancha, 356; 1220—See: —
Gudhi—See:—^Vari-gudhi Padma-gulancha
Gudide Gaddithaigadapara, 138 Gulanjbala, 993—See:—Bala
Gudu—See:—^Wara-gudu (varieties)
Guduchi, 356; 1220—See:— Gulap, 1073
Guloochee Gular, 548—See:—Katgular;
Gudumal, 599 Kathgular; Umbar-gular
Gugal, 167; 172; 211—See:— Gular Fig, 548—See:— Fig
Dhup gugal (varieties)
Gugala, 172 Gula-veli, 1220
Gugali—See:—^Dhup-gugali Gulbas, 199
Gugara, 167 Gulbel, 356
Gugargadi, 130 Gulchandni, 685
Guggul, 167; 211—See:— Gulcheri, 997
Samudraguggul Gulchin, 993
Guggula, 167; 211 Gulchini, 310; 1071
Gugguladhup, 57—See:— Guldandi, 310
Dhup (varieties) Guldora, 739
Guhasaya animals, A/139 Gul duparia, 932
Gui-babhul, 14—See:— Gule Armani, M/10
Babhula Gule supada, 704
Guilandina bonduc, 226—See: Gulgul, 346
—Bonduc Guli, 520—See:—Bhuiguli;
Guinea Grass, 774; 898; 900 Nela-guli; Peat-guli
Guir, 1089 Gul-i-abbasa, 803
Gujakami, 1059 Guli-aftab, 614
Gujar, 157 Guli-Banaf shah, 1274—See: —
Gujari, 703 Banafshah; Bikh-e-banaf-
Guji, 822—See:—Benali shah
guji Guligaozabana, 871—See: —
Gu-kikar, 14—See:—Kikar Gaozaban
(varieties) Gul-i-ghafis, 573
Gukkal, 167 Guligida—See:—Kiriguligida
Gukkulu, 167 Gul-i-khere, (flowers) 84
Gukul, 172 Gulili, 869
Gul, 313; 1072—See:—Pentgul; Gulimidi —See: —Nelagulimidi
Visagul Guh-Pistah, 975—See: —
Gulab, 1071; 1072—See:— Pistah
Swetgulab Gulisetenda—See: —
Gulabbas, 803 Nellagulisetenda
Gulabi, 393; 1286 Gulisurkh, 1072—See: —
Gulabihuvu, 1072 Surkh (varieties)
Gulab jam, 518—See:—Jam Gul-jafari, 1190
(varieties) Gulkakru, 994
Gulabjamun, 518 Gulkhairo, 84
 INDEX 789

Gul-kheir, 763 ' Gummudu—See: —Nela-

GuUi, A/156 gummudu
Gul-mendi, 6 7 6 - ^ e e : —Mendi; Gumpina, 865
Jangli-mendi Gumthi, 1307
Gulmirch, 969—See: —Mirch Gum Tragacanth, 158—See:—
(varieties) • Tragacanth
Gulmirien, 969 Gum tree—See:—^Blue gum
Gulmundi, 1162—See: — tree
Mundi (varieties) Gumuadu teku, 584
Gulnar, 1032 Gumudu—See: —Challa-
Guloe, 1220 gumiudu; Shirigumudu
Guloochee or Guduchi, 356 Gunakandi, 691—See: —
Gulsabo, 997 . Kandi (varieties)
Gulsakari, 1138 Gunamanijhad, 1255
Gul-seati, 1071 Gunapendalam, 450
Gulshabba, 997 Gunara, 895
Gulu, 1170 Gvmchi, 5
Guluchi, 1220 Gunda-gilla, 182—See: —Gilla
Gulugkura, 297 Gundali, 892
Guluglluppaichedi, 394 Gundandi, 311
Gulvel, 356 Gimdatiga-gaddi, 1117
Gulwail, 1220 Gunda-tunga-gaddi, 1117
Guma, '735 Gundhabhaduli, 892
Gumadi, 584 Gundhak, M/119
Gumar, 584 Gundhun, 62
Gum-arabic tree—See:—^Indian Gundra, 1082; 1087
gum-arabic tree Gundu—See:—Mullugundu;
Gamari, 584 Gandamgundu
Gumar-tek, 584 Gundubee—See: —^Kuchoo
Gum&bala—See: —Bujagum- gundubee
bala; Halagumbala; Gundubi—See: —^Kuscha-
Sandigumbala gundubi
Gumbalo, 407 Gundu-gungure, 281
Gumbar, 584 Gundumani, 5—-See:—Ane-
Gum Benzoin, 1182—See: — gundumani
Benzoin tree Gundu-mida, 296
Gumbhar, 584 Gungen, 792
Gumchi, 5 Gunglu junglic, 577
Gum cobal, 1225—See: —Cobal Gunj, 445—See:—^Thorligunj
Gum-gugul, 167—See:—Gugul Gunja, 5
Gumhar, 584 Gunjamkorai, 863
Gummadi—See: —Boodigum- Gunobar, 957
madi; Pottai-gummadi; Dari- Gunserai, 330
gummadi Gunta Bharinga, 1009
Gummadi kayi, 407—See: — Gunta-galijaeru, 469—See:'—
Kai or Kayi (varieties) Galijeru (varieties)
Gummidi—See: —Budithi- Guntagalijeran, 471
gummidi; PuUa-gummidi Gunta-kalagara, 469
 790 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Gurach, 1220 Guvaine, 835

Gurapu-badam, 1170—See: — Guvaka, 130
Badam, (varieties) Guvar kai, 420—See;—Kai or
Guras, 1060 Kayi (varieties)
Gur-Began, 756—See: — Guvvulu, 1126
Began Guyababula, 14
Gurbiani, 1213 Gwal, 1235
Gurdlu, 1014 Gwaldakh, 1065
Gurellu, 595 Gypsum, M/46
Gurenda, 298 Gypsum selenite, M/46—See:
Gurguli, 101 —Selenite gypsum
Gurgunna, 504
Guri, 148
Guria, 717
Guricha, 1220 Haalu, A/171
Gurjan—See: -^^Bandeegurjan Haarblume Gurkenartiga, 1235
Gurjun, 456 Habak, 864
Gurjun-oil-tree, 456 Habbula Kakange, 1291
Gurkamai, 1152—See:—Kanta- Habbul-balasan, 171
gur-kamai Habbussala, 166
Gurkenahnlicher Balsamapfel, Hab-el-arus, 400
805 Habel-balsana, 171
Gurkenartiga Haarbhume, Hab-el-ghar, 729
1235 Habhhul-aaraar, 710
Gurlu, 368 Habula-ghara, 729
Gurmal, 372 Kabul Bakar, 726—See: —
Gurmar, 596; 599 , Bakar
Gurnvur, 368 Hab-ul-ban, 784—See: Ban
Gurtichettu, 430 Habul-kalkal, 271
Guruchandan, A/161—See: — Hab-ul-khalba, 1119
Chandan (varieties) Hab-ul-salatina, 396
Guruchi, 937 Hab-ul-ushara, 710
Guruginia, 5 Hab-un-nil, 688—See: —Nil
Gurugu, 90 (varieties)
Gurugunji, 5 Habusasonadava, 282
Gurutike^-See: —Heggurutike Habush, 969
Gurvina—See:—Bandi Hadaga, 52
gurvina Hadaka, 1150
Gusva-gutti, 1233 Hadid—See:—Khabsul-Hadid
Gutchha, 226 Hadida, M/54
Gutea, 116 Hadsankal, 1284
Guti, 1144; 1145—See:— Haemarago, 713
Mariguti Haematite—See: —Ferram
Gutika salt, M/101—See: — haematite
Salt (varieties) Hafshi, 1286
Guttah-rukam-puteh, 1265 Hagala-kayi, 805—See:—Kai
Guttibira, 752 or Kayi (varieties)
Gutvel, 1145 Hage—See: —Cow-hage
 INDEX 791

Haimavathi, 133; 1205 Hale, 80

Hair Powder, M/85 Halela, 1205—See:—Zard-
Haja Akkula, 611 halela
Hajaratalbaqr, A/144 Halgyan huUu, 449
Hajar-ul-musa, M/23 Halib, A/171
Hajeru, 800 Halibachchele, 1007—See: —
Hajrarmani, M/94 Bachchele: Bacchale
Hajr-ul-feahr, A/161. Haligilu, 1226
Hakik, 255 Halilahezarda, 1205
Hakkarike, 474; 719 Halilaja, 1205
Hakki kalin huUu, 476 Halim, 736—See:—Piriya
Hakni, 708 halim
Hakuchi, 1019 Halipriya, 118—See:—Priya
Hakukare—See: -^Kada- (varieties)
hakukare Halja, 415
Hakuna, 395 Hallaka, 859
Hal, 877—See: —Batthal; _ Hal-mekki, 405—See: —
Dudh-batthal Mekki (varieties)
Halad, 414—See:—Amba Haltheeth, 537
halad; Ban-halad; Darhalad; Halud, 414
Dar-hald: Darhaldi; Daru Halvi-vari, 899—See:—Vari
halad; Jharki-halad; Kali- (varieties)
halad; Malabari halad Ran- Halyan, 153
halad; Vedihalad Halyun, 153
Halada, 414 Hamama—See:—Samagh
Halade-—See: —Jhade-halade Hamama
Haladi-pavate, 809 Hambadavu, 432
Haladiya Bachnaga, 376—See: Hamekkae, 335
—Bachnag Hamsagar, 716
Haladwail, 634 Hana, 1205
Halagumbala, 722—See:— Hanamphala, 115
Gumbala (varieties) Hand, 313
Halakoratige, 430—See: — Handi Daroya, 103—See: —
Koratige Daroya
Halarru-makkal, 153 Handi-gedde, 1190
Halasu, 146 Handtheilige haarblume, 1237
Haldee, 843 Hanemara, 1025
Haider, 414 Hanfartige ketmie, 628
Haldi, 414; 415—See: — Hankaru, 267
Amahaldi; Ambe haldi; Hans, A/143
Jangli-haldi; Jhar-haldi; Hansa, A/143
Kala-haldi Hanspadi, 43
Haldi-algu-silata, 419 Hansraj, 43; 44
Haldi-gach, 384 Hanudun, 50
Haldikarabi, 849—See:— Hanzal, 335
Karabi Hanzal-e-ahmara, 1238
Hal-dumlua, 1265—See: — Hanzal-i-surkha, 1238—See: —
Dumlua Surkha (varieties)
 792 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Hanzul, 335 French Haricot bean

Haparmali, 468 Haricot mungo, 939
Hapusha, 710; 969; 1218 Haricot nain, 940
Har, 857; 1205—See:—Pile- Haricot Radie,' 940
har; Bal-har; Zangihar Haridra, 414; 415—See: —
Hara—See: —^Pile-hara Daruharidra; Karpura-
Haradul, 415 haridra; Vana-haridra
Hara-Kasis, M/64—See: — Harik, 924
Kasis; Hira-kasis Harikasa, 19—See:—Kasa;
Haralal—See: —^Lal-haralal Rajanikasa; Kasakasa
Haralu, 1065—See:—Kada- Hari-mantha, 1009
haralu; Bettada-haralu Harin—See:—^Farisail har in
Haramada, 733—See: —Mada Harinashuk-chini, 1144:—See:
(varieties) —Chini (varieties)
Hara-mekki-Kayi, 335—See:— Harinhara, 94
Mekke-kayi; Mekki Harira, 1211
Haranasing, A/152—See: — Harita, A/158—See:—Jhinj
Sing (varieties)
Haran Tutiya, 369—See: — Haritaki, 1205; 1211
Tutia' (varieties) Haritala, M/20—See: —Pinda
Haraphalvadi, 163 haritala; Vansapatri haritala
Harara, 1205 Harita-manjiri, 17
Haratala, M/21; M/46 Harivera, 925
Haratutia, M/64—See: — Harjora, 1284
Tutiya-saba; Tutia Harjori, 334
(varieties) Harkai, 1050
Haravarana, 387 Harki, 310
Harawana, 508 Harkuch, 485
Barbara, 311 Harle, 1205—See:—Pilo-harle
Harbarchana, 311—See: — Harma—See:—^Meena-harma
Ghana (varieties) Harmal, 927
Plarbhanga, 1284—See: — Harmala, 927
Bhanga Harmazi, M/94
Harcuch-kanta, 19—See: — Harmel, 1284
Kanta (varieties) Haro, 532
Harda, 1205—See:—Kabuli- Harpurrewdi, 946
harda Harrani, 431
Harde—See: —^Pilo-harde Hai^rar, 1205
Hardi, 1205 Harsankar, 1284
Hardu, 44 Harsankari, 1284
Harduli, 868 Harsinghar, 857—See:'—
Haree-chaha, 104—See:— Singhar
Chaha (varieties) Hartho, 1119
Harfarauri, 946; 947 Hart's horn, A/152—See: —
Harial, A/158 Horn (varieties)
Hariali, 425 Haruhi: —See: —Valliharuhi
Haricot a trois lobes, 942 Harwal, 1284
Haricot bean—See: —^Beans; Haryali, 425
 INDEX 793

Hasan dhup, M / 9 4 ^ S e e : — Hau—See:—^Hijrata Hau

Dhup (varieties) Hauf—See:—Water-hauf
Hasha, 1219 Hava, 335
Hashab, 15 Havala, A/156
Hashi-Shunti, 1309—See: — Haveeja, 381
Shunti Hawar, 457
Hasjora, 1284 Hayapuchika, 580
Hastantra, A/160 Hazardana, 524; 529—See:—
Hasti, A/160 Dana (varieties)
Hastidanta, A / 1 6 ( i ^ : See: — Hazarmani, 949
Danta Hazbo, 861
Hastikarni, 372 Hazel nuts, 383
Hastini—See;—Srihastini Hazr-ul-bahar, M/97
Hastipada, 474—See:—Pada Heart-leaved moonseed, 356—
(varieties) See:—Moonseed
Hastipijoo, 614—See:Pijoo Heart-pea, M/103—See:—Pea
Hastisunda, 617—See:—Sunda (varieties)
(varieties) (See:—Nayaphatakipana)
Hastushat-el-kalb, 771 Heart's Pea, 271—See:—Pea
Hatana, 1211 (varieties)
Hatavari, 154—See:—Vari Heartwood, 629
(varieties) Heathen wound-herb, 1158—
Hatbadam, 1205—See:— See:—Wound-herb
Badam (varieties) Hebbulure, 1211
Hathela-Ghugu, A/158 Hedge—See:—Common milk-
Hathhi, A/160 hedge
Hathia, 52 Hedyotis auriculaire, 609
Hathichak, 614 Heera, M / 1
Hathidant, A/160—See:— Heeraka, M / 1
Dant Heera Kasus, M/64—See:—
Hathi-khatiyan, 38—See:— Kasus
Khatiyan Heere-kai, 751—See Kai or
Hathisundhana, 617—See:— Kajd (varieties)
Sundhana Heggenasu, 450—See;—
Hati, A/160 Genasu
Hati-ankiisa, 972 Heggurutike, 1098—See:—
Hatichuk, 425—See:—Chuk Gurutike
Hatisura, 617 Hejuchei, 735 ''
Hatkan, 733 He-ki-en, 1138
Hatmudia, 1233 Heliotrope, 617
Hatmul, 1184 Heliotrope-des-Indes, 617
HatmuH, 154—See:—Muli Hellebore—See:—Black
(varieties) hellebore
Hatta-juri, 617 Hellela, 1205
Hatti-588 Heltege, 118
Haiti paila, 519 Hemapushpika, 702
Hatt-ttumatti, 405—See:— Hemapuspi, 411
Tumatti (varieties) Hemasagara, 716
51
794 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Hematite, M/95 Hikal, 289

Hemda, 890 Hiked, 1129
Hemidesmus wurzel, 619 Hikua, 153
Hemmara, 57 Hila-anwal, 1280—See:—
Hemp—See:—Ambari hemp; Anwal
Benwal hemp; Bombay Hilampchika, 485—See:—
hemp; Brown Indian hemp; Mochika
Indian hemp; Deccan hemp; Hill champa, 796—See:—
Mountain hemp; Rozelle- Champa (varieties)
hemp; Sann-hemp; Sunn Hill colocynth, 405—See:—
hemp colocynth
Hemp Agrimony, 522—See:— Hill-palm, 280—See:—Palm
Agrimony hemp or Hemp (varieties)
agrimony Hilsa, A/215; A/216
Hen (domestic), A/162 Hilsa fish, A/214—See:—Fish
Hena, 730 ^ (varieties)
Henbane, 670 Himadruma, 784
Henda, 1300 Himaja, 1205
Henna, 730 Himalayan cedar, 295—See:—
Henne, 730 Cedar (varieties)
Hental, 946 Himalayan Gentian—See:—r
Heran, 1065 Gentian; Indian gentian
Herbe-due-chagrin, 947 Himalayan Onion, 64—See:—
Herbe puante. 351 Onion
Herbepudique ou Vive Himalayan or Indian Gentian,
Mimuese, 799 573—See:—Gentian
Hermodactyls—See:—^Kashmir (varieties) »•
Hermodactyls Himalayan rhubarb, 1056—See:
Heron, A/144 —^Rhubarb (varieties)
Herring—See:—Indian Himalayan Silver Fir, 3—See:
Herring —Silver Fir; Fir; Fir tree
Hesaru, 939 Himalayan Yew, 1196—See;—
Hettuti-gida, 1135—See:— Yew
Kisangi-hettutti-gida Himalcheri, 478
Heuber, 360 Himamialuka, 466
Hexenmehl, 758 Himsagar, 371
Heyne's Flugelsamen, 934 Himsimiri, 400—See:—Miri
Hibiscus—See:—^Edible (varieties)
Hibiscus; Common garden Himvaluka, 250—See:—
hibiscus Valuka
Hibiscus albelmoschus, A/203 Himyau, A/167
Hijal, 176 Hina, 730
Hij-daona, 524 Hin-bin-tal, 411—See:—Tal
Hiijal, 176 (varieties)
Hijiala, 176 Hindano, 338
Hijlibadam, 96—See:—^Badam Hindi—See:—^Biich-nak-hiiidi;
(varieties) Finduk-i-Hindi; Arta-niyal-
Hijrata Hau, M/95—See:—Hau hindi; Aushbahe-hindi:
 INDEX 795

Kabare-hndi; Naanai-hindi; Verali

Sazaj-i-Hindi; Sana-e-Hindi; Hirabol, 170—See:—Bol
Shaqaqule-hindi; Ushba- (varieties)
hindi; Zarovande-hindi Hirada, 1205
Katira-i-Hindi; Kharabeka- Hirade, 1206—See:—Bala-
hindi; Kharbaqehindi; hirade
Khune-siyiavushane-hindi; Hiradukhi, 233; 464
Magha-thi-Hindi; Mazerum- Hirakam, M / 1
e-Hindi; Piyaz-i-dasht-i- Hira-kas, M/64
Hindi; Vandehindi; Basalula- Hirakasa, M/64—See:—Kasa
phare-Hindi (varieties)
Hindiba, 313 •Hira-Kasis, M/64—See:—
Hindi salsa, 619—See:—-Salsa Kasis; Hara-Kasis
Hindisana, 284; 286—See:— Hirakosis, M/64
Sana (varieties) Hiramicha, 485
Hindol, 176 Hirankhori, 378
Hinduba, 313 Hiranpadi, 375
Hindyba, 313 Hiranpag, 375
Hing, 537; 541^See:—Maltani Hiranwel, 892
hing; MoMani hing Hiranya-tuttha, 369—See:—
Hingalo, M/72 Tuttha (varieties)
Hingan, 166 Hirda, 1205
Hingcha, 485—See:—Cha Hiremara, 56
(varieties) Hiressa, 1284
Hingende-kola, 1007—See:— Hirimaddina-gadday, 1292
Kola (varieties) Hiringi powdee, M/95
Hinger, 166 Hirre-gadday, 1292
Hingol, 166 Hirruseeah, 523
Hingool, M/123 Hirthawariya, 151
Hingot, 166 Hirtiz, 528
Hingotu-kola, 662—See:—Kola Hiruchi—See:—Vanhiruchi
(varieties) Hirvi, 822
Hingra, 537 Hmyaseik, 128
Hingu, 537—See:—Nadi-hingu Hodloi Ranbhendo, 629—See:—
Hingul bhasma—See:—Red Ranbhendo; Bhendo
sulphide ash Hodu-taikilo, 289—See:—
Hingunadika, 569—See:— Taikilo
Nadika Hog—See:—Oil of Sen hog;
Hinhurh, 418—See:—Hurh Sen hog
Hinie, 731 Hogesoppu, 850
Hinna-i-Korisha, 992—See:— Hogla, 1253 •
Korisha Hog's lard tree, 1132—See:—
Hintah, 1244 Lard; Lard-tree
Hintala, 946 Hog-plum—See:—Indian hog-
Hipli, 965 plum; Plum (varieties)
Hippali, 965—See:—Nela- Hog-weed—See:—Spreading ,
hippali hog-weed; Weeds (varieties)'
Hippal verali, 816—See:— Hole-dasal, 723
 796 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Holematti, 1199—See:—Matti H'pa-noung, A/151

(varieties) Hrasvanga, 408—See:—Vanga
Holy Basil, 865—See:—Basil Hrinnala, M/55
(varieties) H'sang, M/86
Holy leaved Acanthus, 19—See: Hsathanpaya, 568—See:—Paya
—Acanthus Hsaydan-Shwaywa, M/21
Homam, 1028 Hsen, A/160
Honal, 1211 H'tonphia, M/44
Hondapara, 448—See:—Para Hubb-ul-mushk, 626—See:—
(varieties) Mushk (varieties)
Honde, 302 tlubbus sapharjala, 1038—See:
Honey, A/144; A/191—See:— —Sapharjala
Chhatra; Kshaudra; Argha; Hubula Sanobara, 957—See:—
Bhramara; Unprepared Sanobara
honey; Wild honey; Hub-ul-kulai, 818
Makshika Hucha bevu, 784—See:—Bevu
- Honey bush, 821 (varieties)
Honey, clariiied, A/195—^See:— Pludai, 1168 • '
Clarified honey Huile-dectiglium, 396
Honey-suckle—See: —Chinese Huile Volatile da Genievre, 710,
honey-suckle Hukmandaz, 1064
Honey, unprepared, A/193— Hulabaha, 1240
See:—^Honey (varieties) Hulaobul, 1080
Honey, wild, A/193 Huleshalabally, 1075
Hongara, 508 Hulga, 458
Honge-mara, 1001 Hulge, 458
Honnae or Honne, 1025—See: Hul-hul, 351; 599
—Mullu-honne; Suro- Huli—See:—^Arka-huli; •*" Dare-
honnae huH; Jorigehuli-mara;
Honnu, M/32 Shwet-huli; Shankha-huli
Hooli-ganji, 1290—See:— Huligowri, 629
Ganji Huli-huniche, 890
Hopa, 1234 Hulkasha, 739
Hora, 1205 Hulkusha, 739
Horatel, 456—See:—Tel Hulkussa, 740
(varieties) HuUigyan hullu, 499
Horn—See:—Deer - h o r n ; HuUu (Grass)—See:—Vilayati-
Hart's horn; Stag's horn huUu
Horn-hound—See:—White Hulugiri, 651
horn-hound Huluva, 1211
Horse, A/160 • Hulya-kring, 1309
Horse-gram Plant, 458 Huma, 486
Horse-radish, 811—See:— Human milk, A/175—See:—
Radish (varieties) Milk (varieties)
House sparrow, A/212—See: Humble Plant, 799
—Sparrow Hummaz, 1079
Hownsraj, 44 Humug, 311
Hozar, 999 Humula, 715
 INDEX 797

Hunab, 1211 (varieties)

Hunasehannu, 1191 Hypericon, 673
N. B.:—^There are many other HsTso, M/16
varieties treated in this book. Hyssopus officinalis, A/203
Hujichik, 305 Hyufarikum, 673
Hundred-leaved rose, 1071—
See:—Rose (varieties)
Hungarian millet, 1131—See:
—Millet (varieties) Ibhrankussa, 107—See: —
Hunisay, 1191 Kusa (varieties)
Hunnoo, M/44 Ibrat-ur-raae, 577
Hura-tutia, M / 6 3 - ^ e e : — Ichan, 946
Tutia (varieties) Ichchi, 554
Hurduja, 614 Ichchuramula, 139—See: —
Hurf, 736 Mula (varieties)
Hurh, 1205—See:—Hinhurh Icchi, 551
Hurhur, 599—See:— Ichthyocolla, A/135
Jangli-hurhur Idanimbu, 160—See:—Nimbu
Hurhuria, 351; 599—See:— (varieties)
Sada-hurhuria 'Idulshahi' dates, 944—See: —
Huriallee gz-ass, 425 Dates (varieties)
Hurmal, , ^ 7 Ignatius beans^—See:—St.
HQrmuro, 927 Ignatius beans; Beans
Huma, 1104 (varieties)
Hurrea kadava, 722 Ikkiri, 667
Hurriphal, 163 Ikshu, 1083
Hursini, 256 Ikshugandha, 667; 1229—See:—
Hurua, 1104 Gandha (varieties)
Huruli, 458 ' Ikshuramallika, 75—Mallika
Hustikasafca, 474 (varieties)
Hutchellu, 595—See:—Ellu Iktil-el-malik, 1243
(varieties) Ilab-ul-as, 838
Huttian, 207; 505 Ilachi—See: —^Morang-ilachi
Huyer, 362 Ilaikkalli, 524—See: —Kalli
Huziru, 800 (varieties)
Hyacinth—See:—Water- Ilal-kalmi, 685—See: —Kalmi
hyacinth (varieties)
Hyam, M/54 Ilandai, 1316
Hyamai-aka, 1296 Ilantha, 1316
Hyat—See:—Jakhm-Hyat Ilavam, 505
Zakhemi-i-hyat; Zakhm- Ilavan—See: —Mulilavan
hyat Ilavangam, 332
Hydrated Magnesium, M/96— Ilayechi, 94
See:—Magnesium His, A/215
Hydrated magnesium silicate, Illisa, A/215
M/96:—Magnesium silicate lUu-katte, 674
Hydrous wool fat, A/137— Illupai, 181—See:—Madhoo-
See:—^Wool-fat kam illupai
798 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

lUuppi, 182 Indian arrow-wood, 520—See:

Imachi, 1205 —^Arrow-wood
Imbli, 1191 Indian atees, 25—See:—^Atees
Imli, 1191 Indian Barberry, 187—See:
Impure commercial zinc,
"Barberry (varieties)
M/130—See:—Zinc
(varieties) Indian bean, 461—See:—^Bean
Impure or factitious carbonate (varieties)
of Potash, M/88—See—: Indian Bedellium, 167—See: —
Carbonate of Potash; Potash Bedellium
carbonate Indian Beech, 1001—See: —
I m p u r e nitre, M/91—Nitre Beech
(varieties) Indian Berry, 360—See: —
Impure oxide of iron, M/62— Berry (varieties)
See:—Iron (varieties) Indian birthwort, 139—See: —
Impure potash carbonate or Birthwort
Impure Potassium carbonate, Indian blue-waterlily—See:—
M/88—See: —Carbonate of East Indian blue-waierlily;
Potassium Lily (varieties)
Impure Potassium Carbonate. Indian bitter apple, 335—See:
M/88—See:—Carbonate of —Bitter apple; Apple
potassium (varieties)
Impure tin, M/116—See:—Tin Indian blue-wa^er lity—See: —
(varieties) East Indian blue-water lily
Inchi grass, 424 Indian bottle gourd, A/203—
Indai, 579 See: —Gourd; Bottle-gourd
Indar-j ave-talkh, 634—See: — (varieties)
Jave-talkh Indian Bread-shot, 255—See:—
Indar-Javitalkh, 634—See: — Bread-shot
Javi-talkh Indian Butter Tree, 178; 179—
Indarjow, 1296 See:—Butter-Tree
Inderjav—See: —^Kala- Indian cadaba, 225—See: —
inderjav Cadaba
Indhana, 141 Indian Caltrop, 1227—See: —
Indian acalypha, 17—See: — Caltrop (varieties)
Acalypha Indian Copal Tree, 1265—See:
Indian aconite, 23—See: — —Copal tree
Indian Coral Tree, 508—See:—
Aconite Coral tree
Indian Almond, 1205—See: — Indian com, 1304—See: —
Almond (varieties) Corn (varieties)
Indian aloes, 73—See:—Aloe Indian Cotton Plant, 587—See:
(varieties) —Cotton Plant; cotton
Indian antelope, A/143—See: (varieties)
Indian Crane, A/143—See: —
—Antelope
Crane
Indian arrowroot, '634—See:— Indian Cyperus, 427—See: —
Arrowroot; East Indian Cyperus
arrowroot
 INDEX 799

Impure tin, M/116—Tin Indian mastiche—See: —

Indian Eel (Ban fish,) A/214; Mastiche (varieties)
A/216—See:—Eel Indian millet, 477—See:—
Indian Filbert, 1102—Filbert Millet (varieties)
Indian Forget-me-not, 617— Indian Mulberry, 809—See: —
See: —^Forget-me-not Mulberry; white mulberry
Indian Frankincense, 211— Indian mustard—See:—Com-
See: —Frankincense mon Indian mustard;
Indian gall-nut, 1205—See: — Mustard (varieties)
Gall-nut Indian Night-shade, 1149—See:
Indian gamboge, 565—See:— —Night-shade (varieties)
Gamboge Indian Olibanum, 211—See: —
Indian Gentian—See: — Olibanum
Gentian; Himalayan Indian Parselane—See: —Com-
gentian mon Indian-parcelane; Par-
Indian globe-thistle—See: — selane
East Indian Globe-thistle; Indian Partridge—See:—Com-
Thistle (varieties) mon Indian partridge; Part-
Indian Gooseberry, 480—See: ridge; Grey-partridge
—Gooseberry (varieties) Indian Penny-wort, 662—See:
Indian gum-arabic tree, 9— —^Penny-wort
See:—Gum-arabic tree Indian Peppermint—See: —
Indian Hemp, 256—See: — Peppermint (varieties)
Hemp (varieties) Indian Persimon, 452—See:—
Indian herring, A/214; A/216 Persimon
See: —Herring-^ Indian Podophyllum, 994—See:
Indian Hog-plum, 1166—See: — —Podophyllum
Hog-plum Indian radish, 1049—See: —
Indian lora—See:—lora Radish (varieties)
Indian Jack tree, 146—See:— Indian Red-wood tree, 1161—
Jack tree See:—Red-wood tree
Indian Jalap, 691—See: — Indian rhubarb, 1056—See: —
Jalap Rhubarb (varieties)
Indian Jamaica, 5—See; — Indian Root—See:—^East
Jamaica Indian Root
Indian Kamala, 760—^ee: — Indian Rosebay—See:—East
Kamala Indian Rosebay; Rosebay
Indian Kino, 1025—See: — (varieties)
Kino (varieties) Indian SarsapariUa, 619—See:
Indian labumum^, 285 See:— —SarsapariUa (varieties)
Laburnum
Indian Lilac, 776—^Lilac Indian Screw-tree—See: —
(varieties) East Indian Screw-tree;
Indian Madder, 1075—See: — Screw-tree
Dyer's Madder; Madder; Indian Senna, 286—See:—
Two-flowered Indian Madder Senna (varieties)
Indian Mahogany tree, 294— Indian Skmk, A/191—See: —
See:—^Mahogany tree Skink
 800 THE INDIAN BIATERIA MEDICA

Indian Sorrel, 890—See: — Indische Baum WooIIen-staude,

Sorrel (varieties) 588
Indian Spikenard, 840—See: — Indischer Brodbaum, 146
Spikenard Indischer Korallenbaum, 508
Indian Spinach, 177—See: — Indischer weithrauch-baum,
Spinach (varieties) 211
Indian Squill, 1116; 1256— Indischer Zedrach, 776
See: —Squill (varieties) Indisches Fal enohr, 1028
Indian Sweet Fennel, 557— Indragopa, A/206
See: —Sweet Fennel; Fennel Indrajab, 634
(varieties) Indrajau-ki-jhad, 402
Indian tree cotton, 586—See: — Indrajao—See: —Kurva-
Cotton (varieties); Tree- indrajao; Sweet indrajao;
cotton Titaindrajao
Indian Tree-spurge, 529—See: Indrajav, 1296—See:—Gode-
—^Tree-spurge indrajava; Mitha-indrajava
\ Indian valerian, 1260—See:— In draj ava—See: —Mitha indra-
Valerian (varieties) java
Indian walnut, 61—See: — Indrajavanu, 634
Walnut Indra-maris, 18
Indian Water Chestnut, 1227— Indrani, 1278
See:—Water Chestnut; Indravadhi, A/206
Chestnut, Sweet-chestnut Indravaruni, 335—See:—Kadu-
Indian White Rose, 1071—See: indravaruni
—White Rose; Rose Indravrakshamu, 634
(varieties) Indrayan, 335; 403—See:—
Indian wild gourd, 335—See: Jangli-indrayan; Katri-
—Gourd (varieties) Wild indrayan; Lal-indrayan;
gourd Pahadi-indrayan
Indrayava, 634—See:—Yava
Indian Wild Pepper, 1281— Indrayavam, 1296
See:—Wild pepper; Pepper Ingris—See:—^Kapur-ingris
(varieties) Induga, 1181
Indian Wild Vine, 1283—See:" Induparni, 113—See:—Pami
—^Vine; Wild vine (varieties)
(varieties) Indur, A/206
Indian Wintergreen, 570— Indurkani, 690
Indu-uppu, M/108—See:—I
See: —Wintergreen Uppu (varieties)
Indigo—See:—Dyer's indigo; Induvara, 844
True indigo Ingini, 1181
Indigotier a feuilles etroites, Inglika, M/72
677 Ingris—-See: —Kakur-ingris
Indigotier a neuf feuilles. 678 Ingudi, 1205
Ingudi-vraksha, 166
Indigotier argente, 677 Ingur, M/86
Indigotier blue, 678 Inguru, 1309
Indigotier des Teinturiers, 680 Inguva, 537
Indiravacham, 859
 INDEX SOL

Ingwer, 1309 Irjviruttam, 285

Injal—See: —Thorinjal Irlandishches moss, 310—See:
Inji, 1309 —Moss (varieties)
Injubin, A/191 Iron, M/54-—See:—Kanta-iron;
Ink nut, 1205 Tikshna iron; Wrought iron
Iimumaddi, 1211—See: — Iron Bark, 512
Maddi (varieties) Iron bisulphide—See: —
Innupa Chittumu, M/62 Bisulphide of Iron
Insects: (a group of winged), Iron, cast—See:—Cast iron;
A/166 Properly cast iron
Insoluble Sulphide of mercury Iron magnesium—See:—
(Makaradhwaja), A/200— Magnesium iron
See:—Sulphide of Mercury; Iron oxide—See:—Magnetic
Mercuric sulphide; Black iron oxide; Magnetic oxide
sulphide of mercury of iron <>
Intu-uppu, MI/IOS—See: — Iron Pyrites, M/66; M/67—
Uppu (varieties) See: —^Pyrites (varieties)
Inumu, M/54 Iron rust, M/62
lora—See:—Indian lora Iron silajit, M/23—See: —
Inzarra Pushtu Wanne, 594 Silajit (varieties)
Ipar, 1219 Iron Sulphate, M/63; M/65—
Ipecacuanha—See: —Bastard See:—Sulphate of iron
or Wild ipecacuanha; Cartha- Iron sulphide—See—Sulphide
gena ipecacuanha; Country of Iron
Ipecacuanha Goanese— Iron wood-tree, 787—See: —
ipecacuanha Johore- Wood tree (varieties)
ipecacuanha; Minas ipecacu- Irripa, 426
^ i a ; Wild ipecacuanha Irrupai—See: —Kattuirrupai
Ippachettu, 179 Irsa, 694
Ippaikizangu—See Kalaippai- Irudbu, 426
kizanga Irul, 1298
Ippe-mara, 179—See: — IruUi, 63
Guddada-ippae Irumboo Chittam, M/62
Ippi, 181—See:—Dudippi Isabghul, 980
Ippicha, 179
Isabgool, 986
Tragi, 477
Irambak kitane, M/62 Isabgul, 980
Irampanae, 281 Isafghol, 979
Irangun, 1046 Isamdhari, 352
Irapu, 426 Isapagalavittulu, 980
Ireval-chinni—See:—Nattu Isapghul, 980
ireval-chinni Isarbedi, 1134
Irevel, 565 Isband, 927
Irimbu, M/54 Iser, 1014
Irimusu, 619 Isfarez, 153
Irisa, 694 Isfedaj, M/85
Irish moss, 310—See:—^Moss Isgangalam parenda, 1284—
(varieties) See: —^Parenda
S02 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Isha langula, 666—See: — Jab, 653

Langula Jaba, 631
Ishanchedi, 946 Jabat, A/196
Ishappukolvirai, 980—See:— Jabbaval, 14—See:^Baval
Kolvirai; Virai (varieties) (varieties)
I&harmul, 139 Jabusa, dll
Ishaura-koda-udr, 1098 Jackj Bean, 254—See:—Beans
Ishvaramuri, 139—See:—Muri (varieties)
Ishveraveru, 139 Jack tree—See:—Indian Jack
Ishwari, 139 tree.
Isinglass, A/135 Jadaganja, 256—See:—Ganja
Isinglass (American, Japanese, (varieties)
Chinese), A/135 Jaddi, 1197
Isjiru-vellel, 666 Jadika, 830
I&kiras, 670 Jadikkay, 830
Iskpecha, 688 Jadi-pattiri, 830—See: —
Ismad, M/13 Pattiri
Is-mogul, 980 Jadu Palang, 145—See: —
Ispaghol, 980 Palang (varieties)
Ispaghul, 980 Jadvar, 177; 1095
Ispaghula, 980 Jadvar khata, 418—See:—
Ispand, 927; 1081 Khata
Ispanga, A/230 Jadwar, 443
Ispank, 1164 Jaedima midi, 96
Isparzah, 980 Jaentuppa, A/191—See: —
Ispghol, 980 Tuppa
Isrenj, M/86 Jaepatri, 830
Issabagolu, 980 JaflErachettu, 199
Issufgul, 980 Jaffra-maram, 199
Istarakura, 652—See: —Kura Jafran, 390
(varieties) Jagatmadan, 572
Isvar, 235 Jaggam, 554
Iswara, 699 Jaggery Palm, 280—See: —
Italian millet, 897; 1131— Palm (varieties)
See:—Millet (varieties) Jagni, 595
Itari, 1075 Jagung, 1304
Itcham—See: —^Peria-itcham. Jagya-domur, 547; 548
Itha, 946 Jahar, 1175
Itsaka, 422; 1226—See:—Saka Jahari-naral, 749—See:—
(varieties) Naral
Itsit, 203 Jahari Sontakka, 62—See:—
Itthii—See: —Kal-itthii Sontakka
Itti, A/151 Jahi, 701—See:—Sonajahi
Ivory, A/160 Jai, 162^-See:—^Dariajai;
Ixora, 698 Vanajai; Ranjai
lyam, M/83—See: —Sudu- Jaiaputa, 1036
iyam Jaija-soppu, 1228
Jaintar, 1130
 INDEX 803

Jaipal, 396 Jam, 517—See:—^Bhooi-jam;

Jaiphal, 830—See:—Jangli- Botee-jam; Gulab-jam;
jaiphal Kala-jam
Jaiputa, 1036 Jama, 1017
Jait, 1130 Jamaica—See: —^Indian
Jaivanti, 444 Jamaica
Jajhugri, 128 Jamaica liquorice, 5—See: —
Jaji, 1295 Liquorice (varieties)
Jajikai, 830—See:—^Kai or Jamaica Sarsaparilla, 1144—
Kayi (varieties) See:—Sarsaparilla ; (vai<ie-
Jajikaya, 830 ties)~
Jaji-malle, 701—See: —Malle: Jamala—See: —Sankula-
Kondamalle Jamala
Jajnadumar, 548 Jamalgot, 708^—See: —Jangli-
Jakhmhyat, 717—See:Hyat jamalgot
Jakoli, 431—See:—Koli Jamalgota, 396—See: —
(varieties) Jangli-j amalgota
Jala-Brahmi, 624^—See:— Jaman, 516; 1032—See:—Rai-
Brahmi (varieties) jaman
Jalada, 1181 Jamana, 1016
Jaladima, A/211 Jama-phala, 1017
Jalamdasa, 1106 Jamava, 518
Jalanirgundi, 1281—See: — Jamba, 1017
Nirgundi (varieties) Jambeeram, 341
Jalap—See: —Indian Jalap ^ Jambha, 341
Jalari-chettu, 1132 Jambho, 506
Jalasukti, A/211 Jambir, 346
Jal-bichuti, 1226—See:— Jambira, 346—See:—Atavi-
Bichuti jambira
Jaldaru, 1014—See:—Daru Jambiram—See:—^Mahaj am-
(varieties) biram
Jali, 9—See:—Karijali; Gona- Jambol—See:—Bhura-
jali; Mukajali jambol
J^liamni, 362 Jambu, 516; 517
Jalidar kaskusri, 594—See: — Jambudi, 517
Kaskusri Jambudo, 517
Jal-kumbhi, 976—See:— Jambuka—See: —^Boomi-
Kumbhi jambuka
Jallaur, 184 Jambul, 516; 517
Jalnim, 758—See:—Nim Jambula, 516
(varieties) Jambura, 517
Jalo, A/167 Jamburi, 346
Jal-palam, 1080 Jamir, 551
Jamie, 518
Jalpapra, 804 Jamma, 1016
Jalu, A/167 Jammugaddi, 1253
Jalugu, 1130 Jamni-phalani, 517
Jaluka, A/167 Jamoom, 517
 804 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Jam-pandu, 1017 Dalchin

Jamphal, 1017 Jangli darchini, 331—See: —
Jamrukh, 1017 Darchini
Jamti-ka-gratta, 362 Janglidrakh, 1283—See:— •
Jamtike bel, 362—See:—Bel "Drak or Drakh (varieties)
(varieties) Jangli-erandi, 705—Erandi
Jamu, 518 (varieties)
Jamudi—See: —Kada j amudi Jangli haldi, 413—See: —
Jamudu—See: —Nagajamudu; Haldi (varieties)
Sima-jamudu Jangli hurhur, 351—See: —
Jamuka, 338 Hurhur
Jan, 653; 1091; 1194—See: — Jangli-Indrayan, 405—See:—
Attajan; Balatijan; Madhu- Indrayan (varieties)
jan; Puta-jail; Kesaranjan; Jaagli Jaiphal, 834—See:—
Ranjan; Sahinjan Jaiphal
,' Janab, 392 Jangli-Jamalgot, 708—See: —
^ Janamu, 392 Jamalgot
Janapa, 392 Jangh-Jamalgota, 166—See: —
Janappanar, 392 Jamalgota
Janar, 1304 Janglijhan,- 2 9 3 - S e e : — '
Janascha, 377 Jhan
Jangali-badama, 253—See:— Jangli-kali-mirch, 1221—See:
Badam (varieties) —Kali-mirch (varieties)
Jangalimuli, 202—See:—Muli Jangli-kalimirichi, 1221—See:
(varieties) —Kali-mirichi (varieties)
Janghi—See: —Nasur-janghi Jangli-kanda, 1257—See: —
Jangi-takla, 290 Kanda (varieties)
Jangla animals, A/139 Jangli-kanvar, 54—See: —
Jangli akrot, 61—See:—Akrot Kanvar (varieties)
Jangli almond, 658—See: — Jangli-Khaddu, 722—See:—
Almond (varieties) IQaaddu
Jangli alu, 94—Seei—Alu Jangli Kulthi, 561—See: —
(varieties) Kulthi
Jangli am, 1166—See:—Am Jangli-kunwara, 55—See: —
' Jangli-anarash, 54—See: — Kunwara
Anarash Jangli lavender, 729—See: —
Jangli-angur, 1283—See: — Lavender (varieties)
Chhota jaligli-angur; Angur J angli-madan-must-ka-phul,
Janglian Jir, 550—See:—Jir 422—See: —Madan-must-
(varieties) ka-phul (varieties)
Jangli-badam, 253; 658; 661; Jangli-matar, 726—See: —
1170; 1205—See:—Badam Matar
(varieties) Jangli Mendi, 91—See: —
Jangli Bulgar, 50—See:— Mendi; Gul-mendi .
Bulgar; Bulgar-jangli Jangli-methi, 446; 1134—See;
Jangli chichonda, 1235—See: —Methi (varieties)
—Chichonda Jangli Moha, 179—See: —Moha
Jangli-dalchin, 332—See: — (varieties)
 I:NI>E,X 805

Jangli-mudrika, 901—See:— Jarjir, 506—See:—^Jir;

Mudrika Janglian jir
Jangli mung, 942—See: — Jarulgachh, 432
Mung (varieties) Jas, M/130
Jangli padavala, 1235—See: — Jasad, M/130
Padavala; Padval (varieties) Jasata bhasma, M/132
Jangli-palak, 1080—See: — Jasata-na-phula, M/132
Palak (varieties) Jasavanda, 631
Jangli-pikvan, 1252—See: — Jash-timadh, 582—See:—Madh
Pikvan '' Jashti-madhu, 582—See: —
Jangli-pikwan, 150—See: — • Madhu (varieties)
Pik\van Jasmin—See:—^Arabischer-
Jangli-piyaz, 1257—See: — jasmin; Jasmin blanc;
Chhoti jungli pyaz; Jungli- Gebranchlicher Jasmin
pyaz; Piyaz Jasmin a feuilles etroites, 700
Jangli sarson, 1142—See: — Jasmin blanc, 702
Sarson (varieties) Jasmine—See: —Ceylon
Jangli suran, 94—See: — jasmine
Suran; Wild suran Jasmine d'arabic, 704—See: —
Jangli-ushbah, 1145—See:— Jasmine or Jasmin
Ushbah (varieties)
Jangolat, 593 Jassoon, 631
Jangro—See: — N u n d o Jasta, M/130
jangro Jasund, 631
Jang-thoree, 753—See: — Jasunt, 631
Thoree Jata Kanchura, 374—See: —
Janjan, 1130 Kanchura
Janthu-nashana, 478 Jata Kanshira, 373—See; —
Janusar, 486 ^ Kanshira
Jao, 653 Jatamaktu, 427
Japa, 630 Jatamamshi, 840
Japal, 396 Jatamanchi, 840
Japala beeja, 396 Jatamansi, 840—See: —
Japanese Isinglass, 571; A/135 Vilayeti-j hatamanshi
—See: —Jsinglass Jatamashi, 840
(varieties) Jatamasi, 840
Japhran, 555 Jatamavashd, 840
Japhrota, 705 Jatamavshi, 840
Jaquier, 146 Jatamsi, 840
Jarah—See: —Miniak-jarah Jatayurkuli, 233
Jaramanshi, 840 Jathikai, 830—See:—Kai or
Jaramla, 947—See:—Amla Kayi (varieties)
(varieties) Jathi koshtam, 1108—See:—
Jarberi, 1317 Koshtam (varieties)
Jardalu, 1014 . Jati, 701; 1197—See:—Kattai-
Jargi—See: —^Dhattari-jargi jati; Udajati
Jari, 552; 591—See:—^Laljari; Jatika, 830
Pilijari; Adhsarita-jari Jatila, 35
 806 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Jatipatri, 830 Jebai, 444

Jati-phalam, 830—See: — Jeedivittulu, 1119—See: —
Phalam (varieties) Vittulu (varieties)
Jauai, 702 Jeelakara, 408—See:—Kara
Jau-i-jadu, 673 (varieties)
Jaiintari, 830 Jeera, 408—-Safed-jeera;
Jauri—See: —^Mukka-jauri Snigdhajeera -
Jauzel-kai, 1233—See: —Kai Jeeraka, 408—See:—Atavi-
or Kayi (varieties) jeeraka; Aranya-jeera
Jav, 653 Jeerakam, 408
Java—See:—Assam java Jeeri—See:—Kalijeeri
Java almond tree, 253—See: — Jeerigay, 408—See: —
Almond tree Karijirigay
Java Galangal, 77—See: — Jeeroo—See: —Kadujeeroo
Galangal (varieties) JejjegyanhuUu, 697
Jayakhar, M/88—See:—Khar Jelagalu, A/167
(varieties) Jelavedesa, 656
Javantri, 830 JeUy—See:—Calf's feet jelly
Javapushpamu, 631 Jenapavera, 392
Javas, 743 Jenjaru, 393
Javashira, 541 Jepal, 705
J a v a tea, 877—Tea; Teaplant Jequirity, 5
(varieties) Jerul, 723
Jave, 653 Jerusalem Artichoke, 614—
Jave-godi, 653—See:—Godi See:—Artichoke (varieties)
Jave-talkh^See:—Indar- Jerusalem oak, 305—See: Oak
jave-talkh (varieties)
Javi, 551; 554 Jestamaddu, 582
Javi-talkh—See:—Indar- Jesuit's bark, 315
javitalkh Jeta-manchi, 840
Jawa, 653 Jethi-madh, 582
Jawantri, 830 Jeti-mad, 1196
Jawasa, 62; 611 Jetrasin, 1130
Jawashir, 541 Javantipushpam—See: —>
Jaweshi, 872 Shima-j evanti-pushpam
Jawind, 1028 Jevi, 551
Jaya, 7—See:—Sarvajaya; Jew's pitch, M/23—See: —
Shirporna-j aya Pitch (varieties)
Jayanti, 1129; 1130 Jeyapal, 396—See:—Pal
Jayantika, 1130 (varieties)
Jayapala, 396—See:—Pala Jhade-halade, 384—See: —
(varieties) Halade
Jayibem, 153 Jhadi chamitha, M/88—See: —
Jayiche-mogre, 701—See: — Chamitha
Mogre (varieties) Jhal, 268; 270; 1091
Jayiphal, 830 Jhalkay, A/213
Jayphal, 830 Jhan, 144; 1194—See: —
Jazar, 441 Jangli-jhan
 INDEX 807

Jhand, 1011 Jilakur r a—See: —Pedda-j ila-

Jhanjhania, 394 kurra; Kurra (varieties)
Jhankara, 607—See:—Kara Jilani—See: —Sinpo-i-Jilani
(varieties) Jili, 545
Thapni—See: —Tandi Jilkara—See: —Adavi-jilkara;
Jhapni Kara (varieties)
Jharambi, 568 Jilledu, 237
Jhar-haldi, 384—See: —Haldi Jiluga—See: —^Erra-jiluga
(varieties) Jilugu—See: —Kondajilugu
Jhari, 1317 Jima, 805
Jharki-halad, 187—See: — Jimute, 284
Halad (varieties) Jinga, 751
Jhas-ka-namak, M/88—See: — Jingan, 867
Namak (varieties) Jingini, 867
Jhatamanshi—See:— Jinjva, 103
Vilayati-jhatamanshi Jinyan, 868
Jhau, 1194—See:—Lal-jhau Jiol, 867
Jhav, 1194—See: —Rakta-jhav Jioti, 1000
Jhav-nu-jhad, 1194 Jir—See:—Janglian jir; Jarjir
Jhavuka, 1194 Jira, 279; 408—See:—Kala-
Jhil, 305 jira; Krishnajira; Latjira;
Jhila, 561 Mithjira; Shiajira
Jhinak, A/212 Jiragam—See: —^Karunjira-
Jhinga, 751 gam; Kattukjiragam
Jhingaka, 751 Jiraka, 408—See:—Krishna-
Jhinge, 751 Jiraka
Jhingi, 1233 Jiral, 929
Jhinjharita, 1251—See:—^ Jirana, 408
Harita Jirate-kaddi, 573
Jhinjudi, 1251 Jir e—See: —Kale j ire
Jhinti, 174 Jiri—Kadve-jire; Shankha-
Jhmuk, A/211—See:—Mukta- jiri; Kaligiri
jhinuk Jiraun—See: —Safed-jiraun
Jhumka, 8 Jirun—See: —Sankha-jirun
Jhimjhun—See: —Chota- Jiray—See:—Kale-j iray
jhunjhun; Pipuli-jhunjun Jirbankura, 425—See:—Kura
Jhunjhunia, 394—See:—Chota- (varieties)
jhunjhunia Jirigay—See: —Kadu-j ir igay
Jhuri, 889—See:—Mukta- Jirkivirai, 688
jhuri Jishvarupa, 120
Jiba, 444 Jist, M/32
Jidi-chettu, 1119 Jisumi-mara, 1303
Jittupaku, 430
Jigani, A/167 Jiuli, 865
Jigateshumoodoo, 1106 Jiunti, 314
Jilakara—See: —Nalla- Jivabhadra, 444
jilakara Jivaka, 756
Jilakhrah, 408 Jivani, 444
 808 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Jivaniya, 444 Jui-pana, 1059—See:—Pana

Jivaii'Putr, 1036 (varieties)
Jivanthi, 1205 Jujub berries, 1318—See: —
Jivanti, 444; 1?27 Berries (varieties)
Jivashresta, 444 Jujube fruit, 1316
Jiyal, 865 Jujubier Cotonneux, 1316
J- Kachang-lindir, 1 Jujubier-cultive, 1318
Job's Tears, 368 'Juliana' plum, 1015—See: —
Jod, 1250 Plum (varieties)
Jolmson grass—See:—Ameri- Julpai, 473
can Johnson grass Jumbura, 517
Johore ipecacuanha, 1023— Jummina, 1303
See:—Ipecacuanha (varie- Jundo, A/147
ties) Jung—See:—^Vellajung
Jola—-See: —Mekkejola Jungle-bor, 1317—See:—Bor
Jolandhar, 199 (varieties)
V Jonk, A/167 Jungle Geranium, 698—See: —
Jonkhmari, 98 Geranium
Jonna-—See—Mokka-j onna; Jungli-aushbah, 1144—See: —
Tellajonna Aushbah
Jdnz-asrad, 434 Jungli-pyaz—See: —Jangli-
Jonz-masal, 434 piyaz; Piyaz (varieties)
Joolay, 555 Junhi, 751
Joom, 570 Juniper berry, 710—See: —
JorigehuH-mara, 565—iSee:— Berries (varieties)
Hull (varieties) Juniperi-fructus, 710—See: —
Jotojotia, 1256 Fructus juniperi; Juniperi;
Jotri, 830 Oleum fructus juniperi
Joufra, 395 Junka, 1137
Jouz, 709 Jur—See: —^Pilajur
Jouz-ula-mathil, 434 Juripakri, 545—See:—Pakri
Jowan, 280; 1028—See:—Bona Jus-quiame noire, 670
Jowan Justan-hutan, 1268
Jowari-batti, 587 Jute, 377; 628—See:—
Jowars—See:—^Bedri . jowars; Bimlipatam jute
Dagadi jowars; Dukri- Juthikapumi, 1059
jowars; "Kagi" jowars; 'Kal- Juti—See: —Trikanta-juti
bondi' jowar; 'Kavali' Jutili,, 86
jowars; 'Nialo' jowar; Juttuve, 430
"Shalu" jowar Juvan, 280
Jowwatri, 830 Juvashur, 872
Judwar, 414 Juvi, 551—See: —Kadra-juvi;
Jugrat, A/179 Putrajuvi; Yerra-juvi
Juwasa, 611
J u h , 328—See:—Yuh Jwara, 568
Juhi—See:—^Palak-juhi Jwaranthakah, 1184
Jui, 701—See:—Sanjui; Jyotishmati, 271
Svarnajul
 INDEX 809

Kaalazounsi, 163 Kachlora, 798

Kaat-plaster, 100—See: — Kachmach, 1152
Plaster Kachnar, 183; 184
Kabab-chini, 400—See:—Chini Kachoeramu, 418
(varieties) Kachoo, 372
Kababh, 400 Kachora, 418; 1095
Kabai, A/214 Kachoralu, 1095
Kabare-hindi, 300—See: — Kachra, 265
Hindi (varieties) Kachri,—See: -^Kapurkachri
Kabayee, A/214 Kachu, 148
Kabbar, 425 Kachu (Dye), 11—See:—Bish-
Kabber, 1091 kachu; Kachur-kachu; Man-
Kabbina, M/54 kachu; Vilayati-kachu
Kabbinada Kilubu or Kitta, Kachubang, 434
M/62—See:—Kilubu; Kitta Kachula-kalanga, 715—See: —
Kabbu, 1083 Kalanga
Kabbumishka, 626—See: — Kachur, 418—See:—Kapur-
Mishka kachur; Nar-kaehur;
Kabir—Set: —Khasake-kabir Velati-kachur
Kabiraj, 1049 Kachura, 418—^See:—^Nar-
Kabita, 535 kaehura
Kabra, 265; 267 Kachur-kachu, 608—See: —
Kabri, 278 Kachu (varieties)
Kabubul ars, M/123 Kachurukkai, 628—See: —Kai
Kabuli-harda, 1205—See:— or Kayi (varieties)
Harda Kachwassal, 1257
Kabuli Mustaki, 975—See: — Kadaba, A/153
Mustaki Kadagaruganie, 618—See: —
Kacha Karpoor, 466—See: — Garuganni.
Karpoor Kada-hakukare, 1221—See: —
Kachakru, 'A/154 Hakukare
Kachali—See: —Kapura- Kadaharalu, 705—See: —
kachali; Kapur-kachali Haralu (varieties)
Kachani, 313 Kada jamudi, 529—See:—
Kachbo, A/154 Jamudi
Kachera, 1117 Kadakai, 1206^See: —Kai or
Kacheyta, 800 Kayi (varieties)
Kachhola—See: —^Adavi- Kadaladi, 21—See:—Shiru-
kachhola kadaladi
Kachhola-kilangu, 715—See: Kadalai, 311—See: —Nila-
—^Kilangu (varieties) kadalai; Kattu-kadalai;
Kachhur, 715 Vaerkadalai
Kachhuram, 715 Kadalamu, 822
Kachi, 1152—See:—Mutta- Kadala-tangay, 749—See: —
kachi Tangay
Kachittamarthakai; 163—See: Kadale—See: —Nelakadale
Marthakai; Kai or Kayi Kadali, 723; 822
(varieties) Kadalnoray, A/210
810 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Kadam, 118—See:—Keli Kadige garage, 469 •

kadam Kadiggagaraga, 471
Kadamba, 118; 219—See: — Kadikapana, 1001—See: —
Dharakadamba; Keli-kadam- Pana (varieties)
ba; Vella-kadamba Kadiyirattam, 203
Kadambe—See: —Manja Kadle, 311
kadambe
Kadambo—See:—Dhara- Kadlenare, 424
kadambo Kadlesoppu—See: —Kadu-
Kadamoth, 302 kadlosoppu
Kadanic, 176 Kadluppu, M/109—See: —
Kada nivali, 529—See: — XJppu (varieties)
Nivali (varieties) Kado, A/196—See:—Kala-
Kadapam, 176 kado
Kadapara, 138—See:—Para Kadookai, 1206—See:—Kai or
, (varieties) Kayi (varieties)
Kadappilavu, 809 Kadotri, 1234
Kadaram, M/55 Kadrajuvi, 1036—See: —Juvi
Kadarasina, 414—See: — (varieties)
Arasina (varieties) Kadsige, 797—See:—Sige
Kadasambal, 254—See: — Kadu, 600; 722; 1185—See: —
Sambal (varieties) Khappar-kadu; Thit-ka-du;
Kadatathie, 457 Balakadu; Balkadu; Deva-
Kadatodali, 1221^See: —Todali kadu; Kalakadu
Kadat-rengay, 749 Kadu bellulli, 1116—See: —
Kadatti, 183—See:—Atti BellulH
(varieties) Kadu-bhopla, 722—See: —
Kadavanchi, 755; 807—See: — Bhopla, Dudh-bhopla
Vanchi (varieties) (varieties)
Kadavi, A/153; 1186 Kadu-chanyapallo, 763—Seei
Kada-vinayi, 485—See: — —Chanyapallo
Vinasd Kadu chirayata, 573—See: —
Kadavi-no-kando, 219—See:— Chirayata
Kando (varieties) Kadu dalchini, 332—See:—
Kaddam, 1168 Dalchini (varieties)
Kaddlashingi, 281 Kadu duddi, 722—See: —
Kaddu, 407; 722—See: — Duddi
Golkaddu; Mitha-kaddu; Kadughisodi, 753—See: —
Safed-kaddu Ghisodi
Kadduirao, 722 Kadu-ghosali, 753—See: —
Kadellu, 595—See: —Ellu Ghosali
(varieties) Kadugu, 213; 215; 216—See: —
Kadep-tige, 1285—See:—Tige Nik-kadugu; Vella-kadugu
(varieties) Kladugu-rohini, 953—See: —
Kad-eradi, 705—See:—Eradi Rohini (varieties)
Kadhee-nimba, 195—See: — Kadu-indravaruni, 335—See; —
Nimba (varieties) Indravaruni
Kadi, M/6 Kaduj eeroo, 855—See: —Jiroo
 INDEX 811

Kadu-jirigay, 1268—See: — Kadwitumbade, 722—See: —

Jirigay Tumbade
Kaduka, 215; 21&—See:— Kaelahoo, 255
Buah kaduka Kaelaphool, 255
Kadu-Kadlesoppu, 763—See: — Kafdarya—See: —Zuddul-
Kadlesoppu baher Kafdarya
Kadukanagala, 4 4 8 - ^ e e : — Kaf-es-saba, 1049
Kanagala (varieties) Kafi, 365
Kadukar, 1205—See:—Kar Kafoor, 250
(varieties) Kafri mirchi, 270—See: —
Kadu-kasturi, 627—See: — Mirchi (varieties)
Kasturi (varieties) Kafu, 250
Kadu-kawata, 658—See: — Kafur, 250
Kawata Kafur-ka-pat, 792—See: —
Kadu-khajur, 785—See: — Pat (varieties)
ELhajur (varieties) Kagdi limbu, 342; 348—See: —
Kaduk-kai, 1206—See:—Kai Limbu (varieties)
or Kayi (varieties) Kagemari, 360—See:—Mari
Kadukkaipoo, 1206 (varieties)
Kaduk-kay, 1206 Kagesoppu—See: —Sanna-
Kaduk-kay-pinji, 1206 Kagesoppu
Kadu Kvatha, 1195 Kaggi, 562
Kadu-limbe, 160—See: — KagglLmara, 253
Limbe 'Kagi' jowars, 1161—See:—
Kadu-mallige, 700—See:— Jowars (varieties) i
Mallige (varieties) Kagli-mara, 253
Kadumenthya, 1138 Kagphala, 1175
Kadunrmba, - 776—See: — Kaha—See:—Wari-kaha;
Niixiba (varieties) Duda Kaha
Kadu-padavala, 1235—See: — Kahbang, 1276
Padavala (varieties) Kahi, My64
Kadupaddoola, 1236—See: — Kahibevu, 776—See:—Bevu
Paddoola . (varieties)
Kadu-padvala, 1236—See: — K ^ - k e e r a , 753—See: —^Keera
Padvala (varieties)
Kadur-mires, 1221 Kahi-padavala, 1236—See: —
Kadusalle-rooku, 80 Padavala (varieties)
Kadusampige, 993—See: — Kahisore, 722—See:—Sore
Sampige (varieties) Kahola Bhaji, 89:—See: —
Kadusasive, 351—See:—Sasive Bhaji (varieties)
Kadu-sirola, 753—See: — Kahruba, 1265
Sirola Kahs-Khasa, 901—See:— :
Kadva-gokhru, 926—See: — Khasa (varieties)
Gokhru (varieties) Kahu, 719; 1198-^ee:—Tukm-
Kadvala, 118—See:—Vala i-kahu I
(varieties) Kahvaha, 365
Kadvo-jiri, 1267—See: — Kai or Kayi or Kayee, A/214;
Jiri (varieties) A/216—See:—Birikai;
 812 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Anapa-kai; Anilay-kayi; An- Kaikkathetti, 787

thundi-kal; Burkal; Pedda- Kaikun, 555
kai; Peera-kai; Pekarakai; JCail, 957
Pikum-kai; Pilimbi-pyllicha-, Kaipavalh, 805
kai; Posthakkai; Putti-kai; Kaiphal, 828
Rudrakai; Macha-kai Kayi, Kaippam-patolam, 1235—
Sendubeerkai Senduruk- See: —^Patolam
kai; Sorakai; Tamkai; Kaisar—S e e: —Narae-Kaisar
Tankrikkai; Tannikai Tanri- Kaisho, 218
kai Thummittikai Ushrikai Kaitha, 894
Velakkai; Chapperbadnekai; Kaiyappudai, 775
Badanekayi; Ballarikekai; Kajalamavu, 469—See: —
Bandukai; Belawala - kai; Mavu (varieties)
Bhendekayi; Badanekai; KajaH, 1083
Chapperbadnekai; Chavli- Kajaputi, 775
kai; Cheeyakai; Chinikai; Kajarvel, 445
Chinikhing-kai; Kai; Gajike- Kajarwel, 1173
kai; Gerkayi; Kallankai; Kajireh, 278
Gummadi-kayi; Gijvar-kai; Kajjali—See: —^Black
Hagala -.kayi; Heere - kai; sulphide ''
Jajikai; Jathikai; Jauzel-kai; Kajlamavu—See:—Mavu
Kachittamartha-kai; Kachu- (varieties)
rukkai; Kadakai; Kadookai; Kajra, 1175
Kaduk-kai; Pinchu-kaduk- Kaju, 96—See:—Rata-Kaju
kai; Kakkayi; Kakrikai; Kajur, 1153
Kartikai; Katterikayi; Kon- Kak, A/158
drakayi; Konraikkai; Koo- Kaka, A/158; 555—See: —
kai; Kookatakayi; Kumba- • Valakaka
lakai Macha-kai; Machikai; Kakachia, 226
Madahagalakai; Madalan-. Kakad, 555; 570
kai; Mangakai; Mangari- Kakadana, 163
kai; Marthakai; Maruk- Kakadani, 267
kallan-kai; Mayan- KakadsLngi, 1062—See:—Singi
• kai; Mekke-kayi; Hara- (varieties)
mekki-kai; Menasinakai; Kakadumar, 552
Dounnemenasinakai; Millik- Kakadumbura, 550
kai; Molak-kayi; Mudirikai; Kakadumur, 550—See:—
MuSimusikkayi; Musumusu- Dumur (varieties)
kai; Nelhkai; Noorekayi; Kakajangha, 732
Padvalkayi; Pinchu-Kaduk- Kakajembu, 787
kai; Prangi-kayee; Saute- Kakakodise, 634
kayi; Seekai; Seekaya; Tipri- Kakakulli, 360
kayi; Tonde-kayee Usrikayi; Kakah—See: —^Bhuikakali
= Vi^umbirikai; Vankayi; Ve- Kakammal, 548
lakkai Kakanashika, 360
Kaidaryama, 828 Kakaobaum, 1214
SS^aidaryamu, 828 Kakaphala, 99
Kaikeshi, 469 Kakapu, 1225
 INDEX 813

Kakara, 805—See: —Advika- Kakoli, 596; 1317—See:—

kara; Buddakakara; Kara Ksira-Kakoli; (Kshirakak-
(varieties) koli; Koli (varieties)
Kakarashingi, 1062—See: — Kakoopala, 1315
Kakadsingi; Singi Kakoranda, 201—See:—
(varieties) Koranda
Kakasha, 901 Kakoudumbar, 550—See:—
Kakatinduka, 454—See:— * Koudumbar
Tinduka Kakphal, 360
Kakatonti, 1238 Kakra-singi, 1062—See:—
Kakatundi, 151 Kakadsingi; Singi (varieties)
Kakavalli—See: —^Parin- Kakrasringi, 1062—See:—
Kakavalli Kakadsingi; Singi (varieties)
Kakdani, 267 Kakri, 403; 1235—See:—
Kakdi, 403—See:—Tarkakdi Ban-Kakri
Kake-gida, 264 Kakrikai, 403—See:—Kai or
Kakemandali, 1238 Kayi (varieties)
Kakesappu, 947 Kakrol, 807; 820
Kakham, 1092 Kakronda, 202
Kakhash, 1024 Kakruja, 112
Kakhur, 418 Kakubha, 1198
Kakidonda, 300; 1238 Kakumardanika, 271
Kakilahe-Khurd, 475 KakumuUu, 230
Kakinduka, 454 Kakura, 402; 406—See:—Kura
Kakkaemara, 285 (varieties)
Kakkanan, 354—See:—^Kodi-" Kakurjiwah, 733
kakkanam Kakuvalli, 817
Kakkari, 403 Kakvire, 655
Kak-kata-shingi, 1062—See:— Kala, 822; M/55—See:—
Kakadsingi; Singi (varieties) Perungkala; Srikala; Shri-
Kakkatan-kodi, 354—See:— kala; Sirikala; Tankala; Ran-
Kodi (varieties) tankala.
Kakkayi, 285—See:—^Kai or Kala-adulso, 572—See:—
Kayi (varieties) Adulso
Kakkaykollivirai, 99—See:— Kala-babli, 9—See:—Babli
Kollivirai; virai (varieties) Kalabanda, 73—See:—Chini-
Kakkola, 755—See:—Kola. kalabanda
(varieties) Kalabash, 388
Kakkoli—See:—^Kshirakak- Kalabashimb, 572
koli; Koli (varieties) Kalabhangra, 1159—See:—
Kakmachi, 1148; 1152 Bhangra (varieties)
Kakmari, 99; 360—See:—Mari Kala Bhopala, 408—See:—
(varieties) Bhopla (varieties)
Kakmunchi, 1152—See:— Kalaboel, 75—See:—Boel
Munchi (varieties)
Kaknaj, 950; 951; 1291 yfiKala-damar, 1133—See:—
Kaknasa, 666 Daraar (varieties)
Kakni, 1131 Kala-dammar, 254
814 THE IiroiAN MATERIA MEDICA

Kala-dana, 688—See:—Dana Kalamaha, 726

(varieties) Kalamb, 118
Kaladhatura, 434; 440—See:— Kalambi, 684
Dhatxira (varieties) Kalambu—See—^Dhar-
Kalafath, 101 kalambu
Kalagaru—See:—^Baro- Kalameshi, 691
Kalagaru Kalamiri, 969—See:—Miri
Kalahaldi, 414—See:—Haldi (varieties)
(varieties) Kalamith, M/99—See:—Mith
Kalai, M/42; M/116—See:— Kalamoog, 940—See:—^Mcwg
Kurti-Kalai; But- K a l a i ; (varieties)
Mash-Kalai Kala-mucha, 1160—See:—
Kala inderjav, 849—See:— Mucha
Inderjav Kala-musli, 411—See:—^Musli
Kalaippaikizhangu, 579—See: (varieties)
—rippaikizhangu Kalanaru, 717—See:—Naru;
vJKala-jam, 517—See:—Jam Kalnaru
(varieties) Kalanehikuru, 226
Klala-jira, 855—See:—Jira Kalancho, 1162
(varieties) Kalanduru, 428
Kalak, 172 Kalang, M/116—See:— •
Kalaka, 277 Karuna-kalang; Marul-
Kalakado, 1296—See:—Kado kalang; Amkulang-kalang
Kala-kadu, 669—See:—Kadu Kalanga—See:—^Kachula-
(varieties) kalanga
Kala-kasturi, 627—See:— Kalangu, 226—See:—Urla-
Kasturi (varieties) kalangu; Vallikalangu;
Kalakasunda, 289—See:— Kattuvallikalangu
Kasunda (varieties) Kalanimak, M/98; M/lOO—
Kala-kat, 1016—See:—Kat See:—Nimak
Kala-katwa-, 1126—See:— Kalanzo, 1195
Katwa (varieties) Kalaparni, 691—See:—^Pami
Kala-khajur, 785—See:— (varieties)
Khajur (varieties) Kalaphalas, 432—See:—Phalas
ICala khaparo, M/131—See:— Kala pingain, 862—See:—
Khaparo (varieties) Pingain
Kala-khen-boun, 1079 Kalappa-gadda, 579—See:—
Kala-Kirayat, 607—See:— Gadda (varieties)
Kirayat (varieties) Kalar, M/lOO
Kalak-litaka, 677 Kalara, 202
Kala-kuda, 1296—See:—Kuda Kalarkodi, 226—See:—Kodi
(varieties) (varieties)
Kala-Kushal, 1244—See:— Kalasessoogachh, 431—See:—
Kushal Sessoogachh
Kalakutki, 61&—See:—Kutki Kalasinsappa, 431—See:—
(varieties) <£ Sinsapa (varieties)
K a k m , 1168—See:—Mara- Kala tekar, 353—See:—Tekar
kalam (varieties)
 INDEX 815

Kala-ta, 595; 1126—See:—Til Kalika—See:—^Kanta-kalika;

(varieties) Ajalikalika
Kala-tulasi, 865—See:—Tulasi Kalika-chuna, M/44—See:—
(varieties) Chuna (varieties)
Kala tulshi, 863—Tulsi Kalikari, 579—See:—Kari (va-
(varieties) / rieties) ; Kaiitakari (varie-
Kala-tunga, 427—See:—Tunga ties)
Kalava—See:—Nalla-kalava; Kalikatuki, 618; 619—See:—
Kondakalava Katuki
Kala-vala, 925; 1260—See:— Kali Kauli, 449—See:—Kauli
Vala (varieties) Kalikikar, 9—See:—^Kikar
Kalavi—See:—^Pedda-kalavi (varieties)
Kalawaso, 1195—See:—Waso Kali kutki, 953—See:—Kutki
Kala Watana, 976—See:— (varieties)
Watana Kalilara, 771
Kalaya, 976 Kalimirch or Kalimirich, or
Kalayasa, M/55 Kalimirichi, 969—See:—
'Kalbondi' jowar, 1161~See:— Jangli-kali-mirch; Jangli-
Jowars (varieties) kali-mirichi; Mirich (varie-
Kalchampa, 993—See:—Cham- ties)
pa (varieties) Kalimusli, 411-^ee:—Musli
Kalehar, 1205 (varieties)
Kale-jiray, 1268—See:—Jiray Kalinga, 402; 634—See:—
Kalenjire, 855—See:—Jire Pedda-kalinga
Kalen-sasain, 216—See:— Kalingad, 338
Sasam Kalingada, 402
Kale-nun, M/99—See:—Nun Kali-sahebi, 1286—See:—
(varieties) Sahebi (varieties)
Ka-let, 1167 Kalisar, 619—See:—Sar (varie-
Kalgoripadri, 1168—See:— ties)
Padri Kalisarson, 216—See:—Sarson
Kali, 1286—See:—Kashurk- (varieties)
kali; Kat-kali; Nagar-kali; Kali-tori, 751—See:—Tori (va-
Patkali; Poonaikkali; Vafc- rieties)
kali; Vrishi-kali Kal-itthu, 554-^ee:—Itthii
Kalialcara, 267—See:—Akara Kalivipandu—See:—^Pedda-
Kali-basuti, 353—See:-^Basuti kalivipandu
Kalichune, M/44 Kaliyana niarukka, 508
Kaligrvamah, 1202 Kalkasunda, 290—See:—
Kalihalad, 414—See:—Halad Kasunda (varieties)
(varieties) Kalkora, 798—See:—Kora
Kalihaldi, 414U-See:—Halad (varieties)
(varieties) Kalkusha—See :•—Chota-
Kalihari, 579 kalkusha
Kalijeeri, 855—See:—Jeeri Kallal, 548
Kali-jhant, 44 • Kallangaday, 338
Kali-jiri, 1267—See:—Jiri Kallankai—See:—Maruk-
(varieties) kallan-kai; Shivaram-kalli;
 816 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Tirugu-kalli; Tiru-kalli; Kalo-valo, 925—See:—Valo;

Chandurak-kalli Pilo-valo; Bhanavalo
Kallanta, 1149 Kalpa—See:—Laharzingina-
Kallasabatrasige, 869 kalpa; Madukalpa; Lahana-
KaUi, 529—See:—Bonthakalli; kalpa
Bonthekalli; Ilaik kalli; Kalphah, 328
Katak-kalli; Kombu-kalli; Kalu, A/211
Mondu-kalli; Palakai-kalli; Kaluduroo, 855
Palakalli; Ranakalli; Seha- Kalukera, 265; 267
did-kalli Kalumar, 543
Kallijarri, 1094 Kalu-miris, 969—See:—Miris
Kallim,ulayan, 212 Kalung—See:—^Palupaghel-
Kallu, 1300 kalung
Kallu-huvu, 922 Kalun-sisun, M/83
Kallurivi, 91 Kaluva, 860—See:—Tella-
Kalluruki, 1008 kaluva
'iKallur Vanchi, 91—See:— Kalvazhai, 255
Vanchi (varieties) Kalvi, 1170
Kally—See:—Shadurak-kally Kalyan-pooshini, 185
Kalmegh, 101 Kamachi-kassuvu, 107
Kalmi—See: —Shud-kalmi; Kamaduti, 1168 .i
Dudhia-kalmi; Ilal-kalmi Kamakha, 776
Kalmi-sak, 684—See:—Sak Kamakher, 110—See:—^Kher
(varieties) KamakshapuUu, 107'^—See:—
Kalmnor, 543 Kamakshipillu
Kalnaru, 55—See:—Naru; Kamakshee, 255
Kalanaru Kamakshi, M/2; 422
Kalaoabaval, 9—See:—Baval Kamakshipillu, 110—See:—
(varieties) KamakshapuUu
Kalo-Apkaro, 1259—See:— Kama], 761; 844; or Kamala,
Apkaro 844—See:—Krishna Kamal;
Kalo bikhmo, 27—See:— Lai- k a m a l ; Pandharen-
Bikhmo kamal; Rakta-kamal; Surya-
Kalo bikhoma donghi, 30 kamal; Sveta-kamala; Uplia-
Kalo-champu, 1259—See:— kamal
Champu Kamala Dye, 760
Kaloi, M/116 Kamalaguri, 760 v
Kalo kudo, 787; 849—See:— Kamalata, 690
Kudo (varieties) Kamalawel, 424
Kalomirich, 969—See:—Mirich Kamalottara, 278
(varieties) Kamalphul, 573
Kalo-negundu, 572—See:— Kamalranj, 339
Negundu Kamanchi-chettu, 1152
Kalorai, 216—See:—Rai (va- Kamand, 1083
rieties) Kamapatige, 1283
Kalothumbo, 114—See:— » Kamaphilusa, 202
Thumbo Kamarakha, 164
Kalouji, 1267 Kamarghvel, 1113
 INDEX 817

Kamarkas, 222 Kanagala—See:—^Kadukana-

Kamazariyns, 1212 gala; Betta-kanagala
Kamazariyus, 1162 Kanagi, 176; 834
Kambari, 584 • Kanagilu, 847
Kambei, 1152 Kana-kach, 809
Kambha, 760 Kanaka dattura, 434—(See:—
Kambhar, 584 Dattura (varieties)
KambUa, 760 Kanakaia, 271
Kambilipuch, 816; 817 Kanakaphala, 396
Kamboji, 39; 580—Seer- Kanak-Champa, 1026—See:—
Krishna Kamboji Champa (varieties)
Kambumalinee, 263 Kanako, 396
Kamephatusa, 875 Kanal, 1173
Kametti, 532 Kanalei, 531
Kamila, 760 Kanam, 282
Kamini, 821—See:—Sveta Kana-muUa, 467
Kamini Kanana-eranda, 705—See:—
Kam-jameva, 1183 Eranda
Kam Kasturi, 862—See:— Kanang Kardi, 373—See:—
Kasturi (varieties) Karai (varieties)
Kamkola, 80.7—See:—Kola Kanapa, 176
(varieties) Kanapachettu, 1263
Kamla-neboo, 339—(See:— Kanaregu, 555/556
Neboo (varieties) 'Kanari, 253
Kammar-kas, 1095 Kanavazhiain, 373
Kammi—See:—Safed-kammi; Kanaveeram, 847
Dhop-kammi Kanbela, 761^See:—Bela (va-
Kammon, 408 rieties)
Kamo, 1060 Kancenica, 554
Karnodio, 450 Kancha, 256
Kampher, 250 Kanchan, 182; 183—See:—
KampHuti, 556 Daevakanchanamu; Rakta-
Kamrak, 164 kancKan; Svetakanchan
Kamranga, 164 Kanchana, 1221
Kamrup, 545; 553 Kanchanara, 184
Kamrup musk, A/197—See:— Kanchara, 373
Musk (varieties) Kanchata, 373
Kamuemuluki, 280; 1028 Kanchini, 183
Kamugu, 130 Kanchi-pundu, 1152—See:—
Kamuk, 834 Pundu (varieties)
KairijUlu, 88 Kanchira, 373
Kamumi-muluki, 1028 Kanch Koorie, 818
Kamim, 408 Kanchkuri, 1226—See:—Kuri
Kamune-aswad, 855 (varieties)
Kamuni, 947; 1152 Kanchli, 20
Kan, 339—See:—Kau-kan; Kanchnal, 183
IChatti-kan; Kora-kan; Lat- Kanchni—See:—Siru-kanchni
kan Kanchu, M/48
 818 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Kanchura—See:—Jata Kati- Dungari-kando; Lahan Kol-

chura kando
Kanchuri-vayr, 1226 Kandra, 1257
Kand—See:—Ambarkand; Kandula, 828
Musalikand; Pashkand; Kandulu, 231
Zaminkand; Varshikand; Kanduri, 300
Muchkand; Sakara-kand; Kan-duriki-bel, 300—See:—Bel
Varshi-kand; Zamin-kand; (varieties)
Bidari-kand; Bilai-kand; Kandvi, 1221
Dukar-kand; Sakhar-kand Kaner, 847—See:—^Pila-kaner
Kanda, 63—See:—^Akanda; Kanera, 847
Advi-kanda; Bara-kanda; Kaneri—See:—^Dhave kaneri
Bhuikanda; Gadambhikanda; Kanerzard, 302
Gadanikanda; Ganesh-kan- Kang, 1131
da; Jangli-kanda; Koli-kan- Kangahi, 8
da; Kolkanda; Ksheerakan- Kangai—5ee:—^Vilayati-
da; Mankanda; Matsakanda; kangai
Pahadikanda; Sarkanda; Kangal, 449
Vajrakanda Kangar, 449
Kanda-gadda, 1253 —See:— Kangari-3upheda, 1234—See:—
Gadda (varieties) Supheda
Kandakiphala, 146 Kanghani, 8
Kandal, 165; 542; 579 Kanghi, 8; 1134—See:—Bar-
Kandamani-cheddi, 255—See: kanghi
—Cheddi (varieties) Kangi, 523—See:—Kante-
Kandamanu, 255 kangi
Kandamurgarittam, 464 Kangni, 770; 897; 1131
Kandanga-kathri, 1150 Kangoi, 8
Kandangari, 264 Kangori, 8
Kandangatari, 1150 Kangu, 756; 1131
Kandan-Kaththiri, 1156 Kangui, 897
Kandankattari, 1150 Kanguni, 296-^See:—Mala-
Kandan-kattiri, 1156 kanguni
Kandarola-mara, 630 Kaiiher, 847—See:—Pivala-
Kandavela, 1284 kanher
Kande, 1257—See:—Pita- Kani—See:—^Manja-kani;
Kande Mushakani
Kanderi, 157 Kaniar, 1026
Kandha—See:—^Thiya-kandha Kanier, 933
Kandhari, 1286 KanigyanhuUu, 696
Kanik, 1244
Kandi, 1011—See:—Gunakandi
Kani-pas-zehar, M/97
Kandira—See:—^Konsu Kan- Kanj, 1221
dira Kanja or ganja, 256—See;—
Kandiari, 133; 297; 1318 Buzaganja; Jadaganja; Rana-
Kandla, 183 ganja
Kando—See:—Bankando; Ka^ Kanjan-bura, 715
davinokando; Devakando; Kanjika—See:—Whey
 INDEX 819

Kanjiram, 1175—See:—Valli Kanso, M/48

•kanjiram Kansya, M/48
Kanjura, 374 Kanta, 773 — See:—Harcuch-
Kanjuri, 1226 kanta; Barak-kanta; Bipem-
Kanka, 444 kanta; Akar-kanta; Arka-
Kankala, 964 ^kanta; Gokhula-kanta; Mo-
Kankankhar, M/103—See.— *thal-kanta; Roma - kanta;
K h a r (varieties) Sheal-kanta; Shial - kanta;
Kankapal, 1049 Dhal - kanta; Ujar - kanta;
Kankatika, 8 Shiah-kanta; Sial-kanta bhat-
KankelH, 1104 mil
Kankeri, 221/ Kanta alu, 451-^ee:—Alu (va-
Kankhina, 1091 rieties)
Kankla, 1317 Kantaasherio, 175
Kankola, 400—See:—Kola Kanta-avala, 163—See:—Avala
(varieties) Kanta-dhotra, 133—See:—
Kaiikol mirch, 400—See:— Dhotra
Mirch (varieties) Kanta-gur-katnai, 165; 267—
Kankra, 924 A/217—See:— See:—GurkcUnai
Golkankra Kantai, 555
Kankrj, 403 ' . Karita iron, M/56—See:—Iron
Kankrol, 807 (varieties)
Kanku, 897 Kanta jati, 175
Kan-kuti, 282—See:—Kuti Kantak — See:—^Phala-kantak;
(varieties) Sugandha-kantak
Kannadi, A/153 Kantaka — See:—Srigala-kan-
Kanni, 469—See:—Chutha- taka; Svadu-kantaka; Vajra-
kanni; Elakanni; Karisirang- ^antaka
karmi; Modera-kanni; Modi- Kantakalika, 667~See:—
ra-kanni; Motirakanni; Peri- Kalika (varieties)
yakanni; Vattekanni Kantakalu—See:—Visha-
Kannie—See:—Karkannie kantakalu
Kannunni, 471 Kantakari, 1150; 1156—See:—
Kanocha, 947; 10% Kari (varieties)
Kanor, 50 Kanta-katchu, 725—See:—
Kanphata, 271 Katchu
Kanphul, 1195 Kantakregi, 277
Kanphuta, 351 Kanta-kusham, 133—See:—
Kanphuti, 271; 599 Kusham
Kanra, 1087 Kantala, 54; 55
Kanrat, 798 Kiantalgoch, 146
Kanregu, 555—See:—^Regu Kantali-champa, 140—See:—
Kanrehi, 431 Champa (varieties)
Kanru, 556 Kantalo-bal, 1138—See:—Bal
Kansa, M/48; 256 (varieties)
Kanshe, M/48 Kantam, M/55
Kanshira—See:—Jata- Kantaro, 524
Kanshira Kantebhouri, 674
 820 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Kante-kangi, 449—See:—^Kangi Kapi-priya, 535—See:—^Priya

Kantela—See:—Karwa- (varieties)
kantela Kapita, 475
Kantena, 1116 Kapitha, 535
Kanteringani, 1156—See:— Kapitthapami, 211^—See:—
Ringani (varieties) Parni (varieties)
Kanthal, 146 Kapivittulu, 365—See:—
Kantham, M/106 Vittulu (varieties)
Kanthanga, 1257 KapU, 761
Kanthel, 146 Kapok tree, 505
Kantikari, 1156—See:—Karl Kapoor, 250—See:—Bhimseni-
(varieties) kapoor; "Pakwa-kapoor"
Kantisoppu, 354 Kapoora, 250
Kantolan, 807 KapooravaUi, 113
-i^antosariyo, 17 Kapooroo, 250
Kantya-nivali, 873—See:— Kapor, M/44
Nivali (varieties) Kapota, A/156
Kanuga-chettu, 1001 Kappalam, 273
Kanuria, 628 Kappalnxelaka, 268
Kanval—See:—Chota-kanval Kappa-mavu, 96—See:—Mavu
Kanvar — See:—Chhota kan- (varieties)
var; Ghikanvar; Jangli-kan- Kappumankala, 199—See:—
var; Nahani-kanvar Mankala
Kanvi, 587 Kappusu—See:—Savari-
Kanwal, 844; 1113 kappusu
Kanya, 75 Kapukimissa, 627
Kanyensi, 456 Kapur, 250—See:—^Bhimseni
Kanyo-mi, 154 kapur
Kanzal, 20 Kapura, 172
Kao-ashud, 577 Kapura Kachali, 608—See:—
Kaolin, M/7 Kachali (varieties)
Kaolinite, M/7 Kapur-bhendi, 842; 1251—See:
Kapas, 587—See:—Deokapas; —Bhendi .(varieties)
Devkapas; Pilikapas Kapur ingris, M/41—See:—
Kapas-tula, 587—See:—Tula Ingris
Kapa-vila, 1274—See:—Vila Kapur-kachali, 414—See:—
Kaphal, 828 Kachali (varieties)
Kaphala, 360 Kapurkachri, 608; 715—See:—
Kaphur, 250
Kapi, 365 Kachri
Kapiakushi, 626—See:—Kushi Kapurkachur, 608—See:—
Kapikachchhu, 818 Kachur (varieties)
Kapikottai, 365—See:—Kottai Kapur-kuchri, 715—See:—
(varieties) Kuchri
Kapila, 760; 761 Kapurli, 113
Kapila-sinsapa, 432—See:—
Kapus, 588—See:—Rankapus;
Sinsapa (varieties)
Kapilo, 761 Kharaikapus; Vadlikharai-
kapus
 INDEX 821

Kar, 1221—See:—Akalkar; Karambu, 713

Kadulkar, Vikankar Karamcha, 277
Kara, 1190 — See:—Adavika- Karamkandu, 876
kara; Akkalkara; Arushkara; Karanai—See:—Kattukkara-
Garbhakara; Jeelakara; Kar- nai; Karungkaranai
nikara; Machhikara; Mein- Karanaphul, 835
kara; Phatikara; Utkara; Karancha, 277
Budda - kakara; Jhankara; Karanda, 450
Adavi - jilkara; Klhakara; Karandagida, 1162
Machhikara Karandai, 862—See:—^Narak-
Karabera, 847 Karandai; Vishnu-Karatidai
Karabi, 847—See:—Haldi- Karandhis, 334
karabi Karandi—See:—Vishnu
Karabira—See:—Peeta- Karandi
karabh-a Karando, 266
Karabphul, 827 Karangalli, 11
Karabunda—See:—Karbunda Karanga—See:—Nata-
Karakarbiinda Karanga; Nata-Karanja
Karachma, 266 Karangi, 475
Karachunai, ll90 Karani—See:—^Vishala Karani
Karadayi, 1114 Karanj, 1001—See:—^Katkaranj
Karai, 264; 988; 1170; 1266— Karanja, 1001—See:—Dahar-
See:—Manak Karai; Olang Karanja; Lata Karanja;
Karai; Kanang Karai Nata-Karanja; Putikaranja
Karail, 444 Karanjali, 822
Karaila, 351; 599 Karankusa, 107—See:—Kusa
Karain, 976 • (varieties)
Karaka, 1205 Karankussa, 107
Karakabodda, 543—See:— Karanti, 405
Bodda (varieties) Karap, 119
Karakai, 1205—See:—^Kai or Karapincha, 195
Kayi (varieties) Karappu-damar, 1133—See:—
Karakarbunda, 543—See:— Damar (varieties)
Karbunda Karathay, 805
Kanakkaranai, 94 Karaunda, 277
Karakkaya, 1205—See:— Karava—See:—Dudhkarava
Pinda-Karakkay Karavaeru, 113
Kara-kundurukam, 1133 Karavappu, 835
Karala, 805 Karavati, 235
Karalai—See:—^Peria Karalai; Karavee, 955
Siru Karalai Karavella, 805
Karam, M/88—See:—Patika- Karavi, 271; 847
ram; Ponkaram; Sanchhi- Karavira, 847
karam; Akarakaram Karaviramu, 847
Karamara, 164 Karawandi, 1286
Karamarda, 266 Karaj^ak, 195
Karamardaka, 266 Karber, 847
Karambel, 448 Karbir—See:—Pili karbir
 822 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Karbrahmi, 66?—See:—Brahmi Karijirigay, 855—See:—Jeeri-

(varieties) gay
Karbunda—-See:—^Kara Karij'iry, 855
Karbunda Karik, 1285
Karcha, 403 Karimaram, 452
Karchi, 634 Karimardu, 1211
Karchi-balli, 807 Karimaruthu, 1132
Kardai, 164; 278 Karimatti, M/41; 1211—See:—
Kardhanka, A/213 Matti (varieties)
Kardi, 278 Karimbu, 1083
Kareambu, 674 Karimpolam, 1227
K a r e huUu, 108 Kari-mulli, 1149—See:—Mulli
K arela—See: —^Dhar-Karela (varieties)
Kareli, 805 Kari-mutal, 432—See:—Mutal
Karelo, 805 Karimuttan, 428—See:—
Kare-mugilan, 8 Muttan
I^arepaku, 821 Karinchirakam 855—See:—
Karer, 265 Chirakam
Kareyvadi, 431 Karinda, 450—See:—^Kani
Kargnalia, 218 karinda
Karhati, 403 Karinekkigida, 572—See:—
Karl, 265; 353; 507; 551—See: Nekki (varieties)
—Aduppu-Kari; Kanti-Kari; Karing, 338
Kali-Kari; Mutti Kari; Kanta Karinga, 568; 569; 662
Kari; Phat Kari; Phit Kari; Karinghola, 1096
P h u t Kari; Pita Kari; Pitta Karinje-rooku, 1001
Kari; Sphati Kari; Tan Karinkilla, 282 .
Kari; Tik Kari Karink-uvalam, 809
Karia, 265—See:—^Naga Karia; Karinthuvari, 454
Tup Karia Karintoomba, 114
Karianag, 579—See:—Nag Kari-phal, 828
(varieties) Kari-pippuli, lll7—See:—
Kariari, 579—See:—^Ari (varie- PippuH
ties) Karira, 265
Kari-ijeli-panna-maravara, 156 Karisalai, 471—See:—Salai
Karibevu, 195—See:—^Beyu Karisalangani, 471—See:—
(varieties) Salangani
Karibolam, 75—See:—^Bolam Karisasivey, 216—See:—
Karicheri, M/46 Sasivey
Karifiyun, 400 Karishalaguni, 469—See:—
Kariganne, 296 Shalaguni
Karigo, 338 Karisha-langanni, 469
Karigu, 338 Karishanganni, 471—See:—
Karihari, 579 Shanganni
Karijali, 9; 14—See:—Jali Karisirang-kanni, 469^—See:—
(varieties) Kanni (varieties)
Karijeenangi-mara, 1130 Karit, 405
 INDEX 823

Klaritliumbi, 114—See:— Kamikay, 354

Thumbi Karochikadu, 254
Kari-tulasi, 865—See:—Tulasi Kanodio, 271
(varieties) Karoi, 1172
Karitumpa, 114—See:—^T\impa Karomonga, 164
Karivaepamu, 195—See:— Karonda, 266
Vaepamu Karonta, 926
Karivaepu, 195—See:—Vaepu Karoonday, 555
Karivana, 662—See:—Vana Karotti, 441
Kariveelum, 14—See:—^Veelum Karpas, 587
Karivembu, 570—See:— Karpokarishi, 1020
Vemibu (varieties) Karpoor, 250—See:—Kacha
Karivi-pola, 699—See:—Pola Karpoor
Kariwageti, 923—See:—Wageti Karpooram, 250—See:—Cheen-
Karjurakaya, 943 Karpooram; Pacha Karpoo-
Karkana, 1087 ram; Pachai Karpooram
Karkandhu, 1318 Karpooran-eheena, 250—See:—
Karkani, 594; 733; 1167 • Cheen-Karpooram
Karkannie, il8—See:—Kaimie Karpoora silajit, M/24—See:—
Karkapilli, 978 Silajit (varieties).
Karkataka, A/217; 807; 820 Karpoorpul, 104
Karkatashringi, 1062—See:— Karpur, 741
Shringi (varieties) Karpura, 250
Karkati, A/213; 406 Karpura-haridra, 412—See:—
• Karkatika—See:—Madhu- Haridra (varieties)
Karkatika Karpuram, 250
Karki, 151 • Karpuram-aku —See:—Shima-
Karkotaki, 807 Karpur'am-aku
Karkun, 1054 Karpura Maram, 512
Karla, 595; 805 Karpuri-benda, 627—See:—
Karmal, 164; 449—See:—Mota- Benda (varieties)
Karmal; Vadli-Karmal Karrinim, 195—See:—Nim
Karmaranga, 164—See:— (varieties)
Ranga (varieties) Karsar, 1220
Karmbala, 164—See:—Bala Karshaka, M/55
(varieties) Karshapalah, 1202—See:—
Karmoha, 266—See:—Moha Palah
(varieties) Kar-shumiam.bu, M/44
Karmora, 608—See:—Mora Karsih, 923
Kama-nebu, 346—See:—Nebu Kartaka—See:—^Bhu-Kartaka
(varieties) Kartappe, 1154
Kamaspota, 271; 351 Kartikai, 807—See:—Kai or
Kami—See:—^Laghukarni; Kayi (varieties)
Mooshakami Kartikkai-kizhangu, 579
Kamika, 1010—See:—Vriddha- Kartola, 807
karnika Karu, 573; 1055
Kamikara, 933; 1026—See:— Karua —See:—Vilayati-Karua;
Kara (varieties) Ajakarua
 824 • THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Karu-allamu, 1308 Karvand, 266

Karuan, 387 Karvela, 599
Karu-bogi, 1020—See:—Bogi Karvi, 1172
Karuchikkudu, 424—See:— Karvi-turai, 753—See:—^Turai
Chikkudu (varieties)
Karuellu, 1126—See:—EUu Karwai-nai, 1031—See:—^Nai
(varieties) (varieties)
Karuka-pullu, 425 Karwa-kantela, 133—See:—
Karukatta, 1315 Kantela.
Karum, 282 Karwando, 266
Karumbu, 1083 Karwi, 360
Karumsembai, 1130 Karwru, 1280
Karuna, 348 Karyal, 265
Karunaikkizhangu, 1253 Karya-ruku, 1175
Karuna kalang, 94—See:— Kasa, 1088^— See:—Harikasa;
Kalang (varieties) Rajanikasa; Kasa-kasa
sKarungkaranai, 1253—See:— Kasa bijam, 901
"^ Karanai (varieties) Kasaginnie, 1226
Karungkonn^ij 290—See:— Kasa-kasa, 902—See:—^Kasa
Konnai (varieties)
Karunjiragatn, 855—See:— Kasakase, 902—See:—Chhote-
Jiragam (varieties)
Karunochchi, 572—See:— Kasalu, 72; 148
Nochchi (varieties) Kasamarda, 289; 290
Karunshirogam,, 855—See:— Kasambi, 278
Shiragam (varieties) Kasangu, 945
Karuntoli, 331—See:—Toli Kasani—See:—^Tukhm-e-
Karupale, 1036 Kasani
Karupali, 1036 Kasarkana mara, 1175
Karuparutti, 588—See:— Kasave, 148
Parutti Kasbussini, 1143
Karu-pasupu, 1308—See:— Kase—See:—Chhote-kase;
Pasupu (varieties) Kasakase
Karuppo-mara, 1211 Kaserudila, 1117
Karuppu-damar, 254—See:— Kashab-chinae, 1143
Damar (varieties) Kashakasha, 902
Karuppu-maruta-maram, 1211 Kasha-katti, (Dye) 11
Karuppuram, 250 Kasham^aram, 787
Karupu-pillanje, 949 Kashappu-vetpalarishi, 634—
Karupuravalli, 113 See:—Vetpalarisi
Karu-umattai, 440—See:— Kasheruka, 1117
Umatai Kashi-bhopla, 722—See:—
Karuvael, 9 Bhopla (varieties)
Karuvappattai—See:—^Kattu- Kashinda—See:—Konda-
Karuvappattai kashinda
Karvelum, 9 Kashiphal, 408; 722
Kar-vaghe, 60 Kashiphala, 407
Karuveppillai, 195; 821 Kashis, M/64
 INDEX 825

Kash-mal, 187; 189; 191; 867 Kasturi-arishina, 414—See:—

Kashmeera, 385 Arisina
Kashmeerapfiu, 385 Kasturibenda-vittulu, 626-27—
Sashmirajanama, 389 - See:—Vittulu (varieties)
Kashmira musk, A/197—See: Kasturi-bhendo, 627—See:—
—Musk (varieties) Bhendo (varieties)
Kashmirj^ Hermodactyls, 369—- Kasturi-dana, 626—See:—^Dana
See:—Hermodactyls (varieties)
Kashmiri-mara, 584 Kasturika—See:—Zala Kastu-
Kashmirj a, 1108 rika
Kashoa, 787 Kasturikam—See:—Lata Kas-
Kashtam, 1108 turikam
Kash-tha-koyala, M/46 Kasturi-Malliga, 703—See:—
Kashurk-kali, 632—See:—Kali Malligai (varieties)
(varieties) Kasturi-manjal, 187; 414; 1095
Kashuruk-virai—See:— —See:—Manjal (varieties)
Shivappu-kashuruk-virai Kasturi-mogre, 703—See:—
Kasinda, 289 Mogre (varieties)
Kasini-virai, 313—See:—^Virai Kasturi-munai, A/147—See:—
(varieties) Munai
Kasini-vittulu, 3l3—See:— Kasturipaspu, 187—See:—
Vittulu (varieties) Pasupu (varieties)
Kasis, M/64—See:—Hara- Kasturi-pasupu, 414—See:—
kasis; Hira-kasis Pasupu (varieties)
Kasisa, M/63 Kasturipatte, 847
Kasku-kutta, 11—See:—Kutta Kasturivendaik-kayvirai, 627—
Kaskusri—See:—Jalidar Kas- See:—^Virai (varieties)
kusri Kasunda, 289—See:—Bas-Ki-
Kasmar, 584 Kasunda; K a 1 a-Kasunda;
Kasmari, 584 Kalkasunda
Kasni, 313 Kasuri, 520
Kasondi, 289 Kasus, 420—See:—Heera-
Kaspat, 534 Kasus
Kaspatta, 114—See:—^Patta Kasusa—See:—^Tukhm-i-
(varieties) Kasu.sa '
Kassar, 1285 Kasuvayee, 289
Kasschara, 666—See:—Chara Kat—See:—Kala-Kat
(varieties) Kata—See:—Lodhano-Kata;
Kassu, 607 Mala-eri-Kata; Tel-Kata
Kastel, 656 Katahara, 146 '
Kastori-manjal, 418—See:— Katai, 1156
Manjal (varieties)
Kataka, 1181
Kasturi, A/196; 442—See:—
Kadu-kasturi; Kala-kasturi; Katak-kalli, 522—See:—Kalli
Kam-kasturi; Kattakasturi; (varieties)
Kattuk-kasturi; Lata-kasturi; Kata Kelenga, 449—See:—
Lata kasturikam; Vattilai- Kelenga
kasturi Katal, 116
53
826 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Katala, A/214; 311—See:— Kathira, 362; 1170

Nelakatala Kath-Khar, 11—See:—-Khar
Kotalai—See:—Anekatalai (varieties)
Katalati. 21 Kathori, 315
Katali—See:—Anekatali Kath-shim, 255—See:—Shim
Katamanak, 705 (varieties)
Katambi, 566 Kaththiri, 1151
Katampam, 1138 Kathu, 11
Katappa, 1205 Kathu-inshi-kua, 1315
Katarali, 302—See:—AraJi iCatiahar, 146
Kat-aralie, 1189—See:—^Aralie Katier, 555
Kataru-murunga, 52—See:— Katikamto, 433
Murunga Katila, 158
Katat, 387 Kat-illipi, 179
Kataveri, 677 Kati-mango, 221—See:—Man-
Katavjate, 764 go; Mowda (varieties)
Katbel, 535—See:—Bel (varie- Katira, 1170
%• ties) Katira-i-Hindi, 362—See:—
Katbish, 23; 28—See:—Bish Hindi (varieties)
Katchoor, 418 Katkadalekka, 763
Katchu, 148—See:—Kant^ Katkali, 384—See:—Kali
Katchu (varieties)
Kate, 1244 Katkaliji, 226
Kateli, 1150; 1156 Katkamba, 1228
Katenth, 946 Katkaranj, 226; 229—See:—
Katera gond, 362—See:—Gond Karanj
(varieties) Katki, 953
Katfit, 670 Katkomal, 235—See:—Komal
Katgular, 550—See:—Gular Katkomjanga, 1277
(varieties) Kat-lata, 932
Kath, 1254 Katma, 221
Katha, 11—See:—Chinai— Katmandoo, 1233
Katha Katmorungi, 876
Katha Chibudo, 273—See:— Katnim, 195
Chibudo Katoi, 133
Kathai, 1096 Katori, 45; 334
Kathal, M/116 Katori Kavath, 535—See:—
Kathalai, 55 Kavath
Kathaligida, 73 Katphala, 828
Kathari, 1150 Katre-iriki, 667
Kathay, 1096 Katri, 1278—See:—Ashva katri
Kathbel, 535—See:—Bel (var- Katri-indrayan, 467—See:—
ieties) Indrayan (varieties)
Katheneriimil, 926—See:— Katsareya, 175
Nerinnil ' Katsol, 1077
Kath-gular, 548—See:—Gular Katson, 1077
(varieties) Katta-boggu, M/46—See:—
Kathil, M/116 Boggu
 INDEX 827

Kattai-jati, 764^See:- -Jati Kattukkodi, 362—See:—Kodi

(varieties) (varieties)
Kattakami-chettu, 1181 Kattukumap, 331—See:—Kiw-'
Kattakasturi, 627—See:—Kas- nap
turi (varieties) Kattu-malika, 700—See:— A
Kattalai, 73; 76 Mallika (varieties)
Kattam, 9 % Kattumalligei, 703—See:—
Kattamanakku, 705—See:— Malligei (varieties)
• Amanakku (varieties) Kattumanjal, 414—See:—^Man-i
Kattamara, 460 Kathamara jal (varieties)
Kattarama-tulasi, 861—See:— Kattumullangi, 202—See:— t
Tulasi (varieties) Mullangi
Kattatti, 183—See:—Atti Kattu-nerinjal, 926—See;—' .i
(varieties) Nerinjal (varieties)
Kattavala, 73; 75—See:—Avala Kattu-olupoe, 1203—See:— i
(varieties) Olupoe ]
Kattei-tulluva, 864 • Kattu-Papillay, 749—See:—
Kattellu, 595—See:—Ellu Papillay )
(varieties) Kattupayru, 938—See:— .!
Katterikayi, 1151—See:—Kai Payaru; Payru
or Kayi (varieties)" Kattu-potolam, 1236—See:—'•
Kattige-iddalu, M/46 Potolam
Kattilavan, 362—See:—Tila- Kattup-pepudal, 1235—See:-.-;
vana Tilvan (varieties) Pepudal <i
Kattivatigai, 1317—See:—"nv- Kattuppilli, 978—See:—Pilli
atigai Kattu ram txilasi, 863—See:—•
Kattle-ti, 362 Ramtulasi; Tulasi . • '•
Kattualandu, 1198 (varieties) (
Kattu-atthi, 550—See: —Atti Katturanji, 61—See:—Turanji
(varieties) Kattu-shiragam, 1268—See:—!
Kattu-elumidbhampazhain, SIhiragain (varieties) !
160—See:—Ellimichhampa- Kattu-tumatti, 405—See:— (
zham Tumatti (varieties) (
Kattu-elupay, 1203—See:— Kattuvalari, 254—See:—^Valari'
Elupay Kattu valli Kalangu, 451*—See:
Kattuirrupa, 179—See:—Irru- —^Valli-kalangu; Kalangu; {
pai (varieties) I
Kattu-kadalai, 763—See:— Kattu-ventiyam, 1138—See:—r I
Ventiyam •
Eladalai (varieties) Katu-ayamodakam—See:— i
Kattu-karuvappattai, 331— - Ayamodakam !.
See:—^Karu vappattai Katuchuram, 722 - !
Kattukjiragam, 1268—See:— Katuka, 953; M/13 * (
Jiragam (varieties) Katukapel, 1098 ' . .;
Kattukkaranai, 1188—See:— Katukarogani, 953—See:— .'
Karanai Rogani i
Kattuk-kasturi, 627—See:.-. Katukarohini, 618; 619—See:—
Rohini (varieties) •'
Kasturi (varieties)
 THE INDIAN MATEEUA MEDICA

Katuki, 573; 752; 953—See:— Kavat, 535

Kalikatuki Kavath, 535—See:—^Katori-
Katukina, 1303 Kavath
Katulam, 1283 Kavatha, 535
Katu-mallige, 700—See:—Mal- Kava-thenthe, 354—See:—
lige (varieties) Thenthe
Katumbhi, 296 Kavati, 1171
Katunirure, 948 Kavdi, A/158
Katu-niruri, 947—See:—Niruri Kavi-kallu—See:—Sime-
Katu-patram, 1309 Kavikallu
Katurohini, 618; 953—See:— Kavirai—See:—Sima-kavirai
Rohini (varieties) Kaviri-sandra, 11—See:—
Katu-tippali, 746—See:—Tip- Sandra
pali' (varieties) Kavistetalkh, 335—See:—Talkh
Katu-tumbi, 721—See:—Tumbi Kavit, 535
(varieties) Kavitha, 535
Kattivara, 255—See:—Vara Kavitpana, 535—See:—Pana
(varieties) (varieties)
Katuvelleri, 335—See:—Vel- Kavta, A/162 • >
leri Kawal—See:—^Kishmish—
Katuvira, 268—See:—Vira Kawal
(varieties) Kavya, 1211
Katvel, 405 ELawaliyan—See:—^Kishmish—
Katwa—See:—^Kala—^Katwa; i—^Kawaliyan •
Kyakatwa Kawat, 742
Katyan—See: —^Lal-katyan Kawata—See:—Kadu—Kawata
Kau, M / H 9 ; 869 Kawati—See:—Small Kawati
Kau-kan, 1138—See:—Kan Kayagahru, 120
(varieties) Kayakuti, 775—See:—Kuti
Kaula, 408 (varieties)
Kauli—See—^Kali—^Kauli Kayam, 537—See:—^Perung-
Kaundala, 1238 kayam; Perunkayam
Kaunti, 960 Kayampuvuchedi, 787
Kaur, 95; 618—See:—Dharuja Kayaphul, 828
Kaur Kayappan-kottai, 1174—See:—
Kauraj, 1282 Kottai (varieties)
Kauraro, 718 Kayapute, 775
Kauri, 1075—See—^Pankauri Kayaputi, 775
Kauthimbul, 38 Kayaputia, 775
Kauibi, 661 Kayar, A/213
Kava, 658—See:—Malakava; Kaya-si, 335
Markava Kayee or Kayi—See:—^Kai
Kavach, 818 (varieties)
Kavachhi, 354 Kayili, 264
KavaU, 596 Kaylor, 811
'Kavali' jowars, 1161—See:— Kayo-gadis, 333—See: —Gadis
Jowars (varieties) Kayoo-orb, 529—See: —Orb
Kavandali, 335 Kayphal, 834
 INDEX 829'

Kazabun, 871 —Chitramula (varieties)

Kazhangu, 130 Kempu-cunrma, 14—See: —
Kazhar-shikkay, 226—See: — Gumma
Shikkay Kempu-gandhagiri, 294—See:
Kazhinnila, 562—See:—Nila —Gandhagiri
(varieties) Kempu-kerubija, 96—See: —
Kazhur, 418 Kerubija .
Kazluimilla, 562 Kempu Khasa Ivhase gida, 901
Kazuri, 869 —See: —KhasS-khase-gida
Kazuthai-tumbai, 1233—See: — Kempu mandara, 184—^ee:-^
Tumbai Mandara
Kea, 894 Kempu menasu, 268—See:—
Kebir, 265 Menasu (varieties)
Kecara, 390 Kemuka, 385
Kedagai, 894r-See Gai Kend, 453; 454
(varieties) Kendu, 453
Kedage, 894 Kenduka, 453
Kedagi, 894 Kengan, 792
Kedangu, 1130' Kenika, 609
Kedari-chua, 88—See:—Chua Kenjal, 1211
Keelay, 266 Kenkalimiara, 1105
Keera—See: —Kahi-keera; Kemiegilu, 678—See: —Ane-
Pulichai-keera; Tavakeera; neggilu; Neggilu; Doddaneg-
Seemai-pulichai-keera gilu
Keerai—See: —^Medday- Keo-khin, M/2—See:—Khin ,
keerai; Passrai-keeray Keora, 894
Keerippundu, 872—-See: — Keora-ka-mul, 694
P u n d u (varieties) Keora, 894
Kehalgana, 822 Keora-ka-mul, 694
Kehetara-ubal-dana, 1137: — Keoreka-mul, 695
See:—Dana (varieties) Keore-ku-mul, 694
Kel—See:—Ban-Kel; Narikel; Kepala, 698
"Ram Kel"; "Raj-kel"; Son- Kerapfel—See: —-Zu-kerapfel
kel; Tambdi-kel Kerav, 977
Kel^, 822—See:—Ban-kela; Keray—See: —Vasole-keray
Son-kela; Narikela Kering, 876
Kelenga—See: —^Kata- Keriti, 666
kelanga Kermes mineral, M/13
Kelanji, 855 Kerni, 1286
Kelangu-See:—Sak-keri- Kersani seed, 59$
vellei-kelangu Kerubija—See: —Kempu-
Keli, 822—See;—Devakeli; Kerubija
Krishnakeli; Pahari-keli; Kerugakkay, 933
Son-keli Kerukoh batu, 609—See: —
Keli-kadam, 44—See:—Kadam Batu
Kelikadamba, 843—See: — Kerula, 805
Kadamba (varieties) Kesani, 595
Kempu Chitramula, 989—See: Kesar, 390
830 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Kesara—See: —^Tamranaga- Khad—See: —^Dhanghi-khad;

kesara; Nagkeshar; Kun- Sunthia-khad
kuma-kesara; Naga-kesara; Khaddi—See: —^Visha-khaddi
Na'gkesara; Retinagakesara; Khaddu, 722—See:—Jangli-
Sinha-kesara khaddu
Kesaraja, 1291 Khaderi, 11
Kesaranjan, 471—See: — Khadir, 1254
Ranj an Khadira, 11
Kesari, 199; 520; 726 Khadiram, 11
Kesarichettu, 389 Khado—See: —Pade-khado
Keshar, 390 Khadu, M/6; M/10
Kesharaj, 469 Khdyanag, 579—See:—Nag
Kesharaja, 469 (varieties)
Keshur, 1117 Khaet, 535
Kesooria, 469 Khagphulai, 1061
Kessar, 390 Khai-maphyn, M/116
Kesu, 224—See:—Simbo- Khaipok, M/83
kesu Khair, 11
Kesugi, 705 Khaira, 11
Kesun-ni, 63 Khairchampa, 993—See: —
Kesur—See: —Mahat-kesur; Champa (varieties)
Sonekesur Khairuwa, 151
• Kesura—See:—^Laghu- Khaiyar, 11
kesura Khaja, 219
Kesuri, 469 KhajarkuUi, 818
Kesuria, 469 Khaj-golicha-vel, 284—See: —
Kesusi, 1065 Gk>lich vel
Khajjuri, 943
Kesuti, 469
Khajkotli, 1226
Kesutti, 469 Khajoti, 17
Ketaki, 894 Khajur, 943; 946—See: —
Ketan, 877
Benkhajur; Kadu-khajur;
Ketmia ambretta, 626—See: — Kala-khajur
Ambretta Khajuri, 946
Ketmie Acide, 632—See: — Khajuwa, 581
Acide Khaka, 415
Ketmie de Cochin china, 631 Khakara, 22^—See:—Kara
Keu, 385 (varieties)
Keur, 894 Khakshi, 1142
Kevani, 615 KhaksWr, 1142
Kevda, 394 Khalagi, 726
Kevei, 328 Khalakula, 458—See: —^Kula
Kewar, 634 (varieties)
Kewiro, 822 KhaUs, A/215
Keya, 894 Khalse, A/215
IChabhar, 1092 Khamir, 1299
Khaboung, 1175 Khanda, 486
Khabsul Hadid, M/62 Khandvel, 1266
 INDEX 831

Khanekhaswael, 953 Kharenti, 1134

Khangi, 1138 Khar-e-shutra, 611
Khanjana, A/205 Khareti, 1134—See:—Tukati-
Khapario, A/131 khareti
Khaparo—See: —^Kala- Khare-vazhim, 21
khaparo; Vakha-khaparo Khargas, 543
Khapat—See:—^Nahani khapat Khargee, A/217
Khapate, 8 Khargosh, A/191
Khapli, 1250 Khari, Myi4—See:—Dhoi-
Khapparkadu, 303; 304—See: huvi-khari; Phiti-khari
—^Kadu (varieties) Kharia, 449
iOiapra, 203—See:—Vish- lOiar-i-buz, 62
khapra Kharijuri, 946
Khar, M/6; M / 8 8 - S e e : — Kharik, 943; 946
Javakhar; ' Kankan-khar; Khariu, 896
Kathkhar; Kuddia-khar; Khariya, M/41
Papadkhar; Sajjikhar; Shora- Elharjugna, 291
khar; Somalkar; Sumbul- Kharjura, 946—See:—Pinda-
• khar; Tankankhar; Ustar- kharjura
khar Khark, 237
Khara, M/55—See:—Kulia- Kharkanela, 1091
khara; Sojikhara; Khar-mahra, A/158
Kharabeka hindi, 618— See: — Kharmati, 594—See: —Mati
Hindi varieties (varieties)
Kharai; 606 K h a m a , 486
Kharaikapus—See: —^Vadli- Kharner, 351—See:—Ner
kharai-kapus; Kapus Kharo, M/88
(varieties) Kharoti, 543
Khara-khusk, 1229 Kharpara, M/131—See:—Para
Kharaki, 150 (varieties)
Kharakia, 943 Kharpara-tuttha, M/131—See:
Kharaki-Rasana, 1252 —^Tuttha (varieties)
Khara-manjari, 21—See: — Kharpat, 570
Manjari Kharpviza—See: —Arand-
Kharam—See: —Padikharam kharbuza; Kharbuza
Kharanfal, 835 Kharsani, 595
K h a r a Pushpa, 864 Kharsing, 1169
Kharas, 804 Kharsingi, 1169—See:—Singi
Kharasan, 392—See:—San (varieties)
Kharasinga, 876—See: —Singa Khartu, 618
(varieties) Kharvant, 543—See: —Vadli-
Kharazahrah, 848 kharwant
Kharbaqe-hindi, 953—See: — Kharvat, 543
Hindi (varieties) BCharvel, 130
Karbuza—See:—^Arand- Kharvuja, 402
kharbuza Kharwant—See: —^Kharvant
Kharbuka-talkt, 335 Kharwat, 550
Khardi, 388 Kharyal, 430
832 THE INDIAN MATEEIA MEDICA

Kharyamitti, M/6—See: — Khatyan—See: —Safed-

Mitti (varieties) khatyan
Khar-yashitka, 1138 Khau, 869
Khas, 109—See:—Khaskhas; Khavalyavali, 818
Bazr-ul-khas Khavas, 130
Khasa—See:—Khas; Kahs- Khavo, 696
khasa Khaya, 801
Khasakdana, 278—See: — Kbayahe-i-iblis, 226
Dana (varieties) Khayarshambar, 285
Khasake-Kabir, 926—See: — Khayer, 11; 1254
Kabir Kiiejur—See: —Gharar-
Khasaka-kalan, 926 khejur; Khir-khejur; Pinda-
Khasa-khase-gida—See:— khejur
Kempa Khasa-khase-gida Khen, 776
Khas bena, 109—See:—^Bena Khenni—See:—Kin-khermi
(varieties) Kher, 11—See:—^Kamakher
Khashbar, 952—See:—Bar Kheri, 798
'i^Xvarieties) Kheriti, 1137
Khash-Khash, 902—See: — Khermuj, 402
Qishrul Khash-khash Khetki, 55
Khasia Pine, 957—See:—Pine Khetmie-a-feuilles de chauvre,
(varieties) 628
Khaskhas, 109; 901—See: — Klhetpara, 869—See:—^Para
Khas (varieties) (varieties)
Khaskhasa-chcheti—See: — Khewnau, 547
Chovanna Khaskhasa- Khilaf, 1089
chcheti Khilza, 748
Khaskhasnu-jhad—See: — Khin, M/2—See—Keo-khin
Lal-khaskhasnu-jhad KJiinjak, 975
Khaskhasache-Jhad—See: — Khinna, 1104
Tambde Khaskhasache-jhad Khinnab, 256
Khasoon dates, 944—See: — Khip, 892
Dates (varieties) Khippi, 392
Khata—See: —Jadvarkhata Khira, 403
Khatai—See:—Raziyanje Khirai, 891
khatai; Badian-i-khatai; Kliirkhejur, 802—See: —
Bedanj ir-e-khatai Khejur (varieties)
Khatase, A/234 Khimee, 802
Khatiyan—See: —^Hathi- Khimi, 802
Khatyan Khirva, 1065
Khatkhati, 594 Elhitame—See: —^Tukm-e-
Khat-Khatumbo, 1285 Khitame
KJiatkutli, 818—See:—Vodle- Khitami-i-kuchaka, 763—See:
khatkutli —Kuchaka
Khattamitha, 890—See: — Khiyar, 751
Mitha (varieties) Khoinbo, 278
Khattikan, 1080—See:—Kan Khoira, 11
(varieties) Khoiru, 11
 INDEX 833

Khoja, 234 Khus, 109—See:—Suphadie-

Khok,.237 khus
Khokali, 17 Kbusing, 294—See:—Sing
Khokli, 17 (varieties)
Khol rabi, 214—See: —Rabi 'Khus-Khus' grass, 1271
Khor, 15; 608 Khus-ravedurue-kalan, 77
Khorasani-bora, 1318—See: — Khuttia, 346
Bora (varieties) Khwagawala, 1089
Khorasani-Kutki, 618—See; — Kiabara, 265
See:—Kutki (varieties) Kiain, 50; 51
Khorasani-owa, 670—See: — Kibabeh, 400
Owa Kibrika, M/119
Khorasan-thom, 611 Kibrit, M/119
Khour, 16 Kichilibaddalu, 1095
IChsetra parpati, 560—See: — Kich-chilik—See: —Sime-
Parpati kich-chilik
Khubah, 1142 Kichilic-kizhanga, 418—See: —
Khubani, 1014 Shimai-kich-chilik-
Khubazi, 763 kishangu
Khubkaln, 1142 Kichili-gaddalu, 418
Khudiokra, 310—See:—Okra Kida—See: —^Makhamali-kida
(varieties) Kidamar, 1001
Khueri, 304 Kidamari, 138
Khulakudi, 662 Kidaran—See: —^Wal-kidaran
Khulanj, 77 Kidney Beans, 937; 942—See:
Khulanjan, 77; 79—See: — —^Beans (varieties)
Anjan (varieties) Kijapute, 775
Khulanjan-e-qasbi, 77 Kikar, 9—See: —Gu-kikar;
Khulinjin, 80 Kali-kikar; Safed-kikar;
Khul-khuri, 666 Vilayati-kikar
K h u n e Siyiavushane hindi, Kilanelli, 947—See:—Nelli
1025—See:—Hindii (varie- (varieties)
ties) Kilangu—See:—Kachhola-
Khurasani, 595 kilangu; Nilappanang-
Khurasani ajvayan, 670—See: kilangu; Sheemai-kilangu;
—^Aj waina-khurasam Gajjara-kilangu
Khurasani-thora, 529—See: — Kilataka (Curd of milk), A/183
Thora (varieties) Kilavari, 152; 153—See:—Vari
Khurasli, 857—Asli (varieties)
Elhurbanti, 58—See:—Banti Kilkila, A/166
(varieties) Kilmora, 189
lOiurbuj, 402 Kilo, M/44
Khurma, 943 Kilongu—See: —Nellapana-
kilongu
Khurmal-khushk, 943 Kils, M/42
Khurmal-yab-is, 943 Kilubu—See: —^Kabbinada-
Khurpendra, 569 Kilubu; Kitta
Khursa, 1005 Kimsuka or Palas Lata, 224
834 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Kinai tihiri, 61—See: —Tihiri Kirayet, 573—Chota-kirayat;

Kinbila, 761 Kala-kirayat; Olenkirayat
Kindal, 1211 Kirbir—See: —PiUkirbir
'Kingaro, 555 Kirch, 447
Kingfisher, A/166 Kire—-See: —Suk-gu-kire;
Kingly, 800 Pulia-kire
King of Bitters, 101 Kiretta—See:—Pahari Kiretta
King's Tonic, 892 Kirfa, 328
Kinji, 1055 KiriguHgida, 1149—See:—
Kinjole, 176 Guligida
Kinkar, 16 Kirimar, 1167
Kin-khenni, 989—See: Khenni Kirindi-wel, 1075
Kinnamomon, 328 Kiripurandan, 872—See: —
Kinncha or kinneha, 541 Purandan
Kino—See:—Bengal Kino; Kirishivani, 828—See: —
, Indian Kino; Malabar Kino Shivani
Kirai—See: —^Piratti-kirai; Kirithi, 760
Poonangannikkirai Shakkan- Kiriyat, 101; 573
kirai; Soinpappu-kirai; Kiriyattu, 1184
Thanduk-kirai; Kuppaikki- Kiriyatu, 573
rai; Musalkaduk-kirai; Pa- Kirkundi, 709—See:—Kundi
lay-kirai Kirmala, 142 ' '
Kirae—See: —^Manalie-kirae Kirmanji-ajwain, 1130—See: —
Kinsuka, 222—See:—Suka Ajwan
Kiraita, 573; 1184 Kirminj, A/155
Kiralu, 138 Kirmira, 581
Kiramaja, A/155 Eamelli, 946—See:r-Nelli
Kiramal, 1001 (varieties)
Kiramar, 138 Kimi, 264
Kiramatti, M/7—See: —Matti Kirtana, 445
(varieties) . Kirtmari, 389
Kirambu, 280; 835 Kirumanji, 150
Kiramjee, A/155 Kininelli, 947—See:—Nelli
Kiramju, A/155 (Varieties)
Kiramoniowa, 142 Kirvali, 285—See:—Vali
Kiramukam, 130 (varieties)
Kiran, 1119 Kiryat, 101; 717—See: —
Kirankuri, 485—See: —^Kuri Oilikiryat
(varieties) Kiryata, 717
Kirara, 807 Kiryat-charayatah, 1184—See:
Kiraruga, 924 —Charayatah (varieties)
Kirata, 101 Kiryato, 101
Kiratatikta, 573; 1184—See: — Kisangi, 1135
Tikta (varieties) Kisangi-hettutti gida,^ 1138—
Kirath, 65 • See: —^Hettuti-gida
Kiray—See: —^Perretay- Kishmish, 1285
kiray; Sharvalay-kiray; Kishmish-i-kawaliyan, 1276—
Sunday-kiray See: —Kawaliyan
 INDEX 835

Kishmish-kawal, 1276—See: — Kobi, 217—See:—Phulkobee;

Kawal Kobee \
Kishniz, 381 Kobi-gaddi, 217
Kisht—See: —Kist-bar-kisht Kobir-sir-bhaji, 1135—See: —
Kissargida, 698 Bhaji (varieties)
Kissi—See: —Mate-kissi Kobusi, 828
Kiss-miss, 1276 Kobutar, A/156
Kist-bar-kisht, 615—See: — KochelachipuUu, 1299
Kisht Kochi, 13
Kitchli, 339 Kochillitti-puUa, 695
Kits, M/41 Kochinil-puchi, A/155
Kitta—See: —Kabbinada Kochu—See: —Ghit-kochu
Kilubu; Kabbinada-kitta Kodagasaleh, 1081
Kittalay, 339—See:—Servu- Kodali, 723
kittalay KodaUa, 446
Kttam—See:—^Yakada-kittam Kodambada, 1166—See: —
Kiuh, 339 Ambado
Kivanch, 818 Koddu, 618 ,
Kinvantanini, 615 Kodi—See: —Adapukodi;
Eawach, 818 Kakkattan-kodi; Kattukkodi;
Kiyasanoin, 414 Shindil-kodi; Sindilkodi;
Kiyon-bhanbin, 1278—See: — Thelukodi; Kalarkodi
Bhanbin Kodiepalay, 465
Kizhanga—See: —^Pulan- Kodi-kakkanam, 354—See; —
Kizhanga Kakkanan
Kizhangu—See: —Manthori- Kodikakkatan-virai, 688
kizhangu; Nilap-panaik- Kodimuli, 989—See: —Muli
Kizhangu; SakkaraivalUk- (varieties)
kizhangu; Tannirvittan- Kodi-murukkan, 224—See: —
kizhangu; Urulaikkizhangu Murukkan
Kizanna, 427—See:—Kora- Kodinella, 405
kizanna Koditani, 578—See:—Tani
Kizhanma—See: —Pulam Kodo, 924
Kizanma Kodoa-dhan, 924—See:—Dhan
Kizhanna, 94; 619—See: — (varieties)
Pulan-kizhanna Kodra, 924
Kizhkay nelli, 947—See: — Kodrava, 924
Nelli (varieties) Kodu, 722
Kneekhowa, 728 Koel, A/160
Knoblanch gamander, 1212 Koelo—iSee:—Lakdu-koelo
Knol Khol, 214; 217; 218 Koelapeima, 285
KnoUenbohne, 459 Koemis Koetjing, 877
Knorpeltang, 310 Koestam, 385
Knot grass, 999 Kohal, M/13
Koa, 1194 Kohala, 185—See: —Bhui-
Koame, 871 kohala; Sukkar-kohala
Kobee—See: —^Phulkobee Kohalun—See: —Pilunkohalim
Kobbirichettu, 363 Kohi. 71
 836 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Kohibung, 669 Koli, 870—Srigalakoli; Jakoli;

Kohla, 406; 722 Kshirakakkoli; Kakkoli;
Kohola—See: —Pila-kohola Ksirakakoli
Kohorenj, 247 Koliar, 182
Koh-tor, 756—See:—Tor Koli-che-chular, 735
Kohumba, 776 Koli Kalamhullu, 923
Koi, A/214; A/216—See: — Kolikanda, 1257—See: —
Tanikoi Kanda (varieties)
Koil, A/160 Kolinji, 562
Koilah, M/46 Kolistha, 667
Koilamukri, 849 Kolkanda, 1257—See: —
Koiral, 182 Kan.da (varieties)
Koivel, 352 Kolkando—See: —Lahan
Kokaburadi, 1095 kolkando; Kando (varieties)
Kokam, 566 Kolkaphul, 1218
Kokambel, 566—See:—^Ambel Kolku-ponna, 1255—See: —
Kokam-cha-tel, 566 Ponna (varieties)
\ Kokam-ka-tel, 566 KoUa, 607—See:—Mindukolla
Kokan, 297 KoUan-kova-kizhauna, 219
Kokil, A/160 KoUay-cottaynellay, 1010
Kokila, A/160 KoUivirai—See:—Kakkay-
Kokilaksha, 141; 667 kollivirai; Virai (varieties)
Kokkitaya-ralu, 1282 Kolli-Vittulu, 688—See: —
Koklee, 1303 Vittlu
Koko-aru, 868—See:—^Aru KoUu, 458
Kokonad, 844 KoUuk-kay-welai, 562
Kokoranj, 247 Kolsa—See: —^Lakdacha-
Kokra, 924 kolsa; Lakrika-kolsa
Kokum, 565 Kolsekajhar, 667
Kokum, butter, 566—See also: KoLsi, 667
—^Butter (varieties) Kolsunda, 667—See:—Sunda
Kokun, 718 (varieties)
Kolsundara, 667
Kola, 1316—See:—Get-kola;
Kolvirai—See: —Ishappu-
Hingende-kola; Hingotu kolvirai; Virai (varieties)
kola; Kamkola; Kankola; Komal, 1008—See: —
Kakkola Katkomal
Kolakuponna, 612—See:—• Komardu, 338
Ponna (varieties) Komati, 761
Kola nut, 1169 Kombarakku, A/148
Kombu-kalli, 529—See: —Kalli
Kola-ponna, 1255—See: — (varieties)
Ponna (varieties) Kombupudalai, 1236; 1238
Kolavalike, 667 Kommu, 110
Kolavarvalli, 685 Kommu potla, 1236—See: —
Kolavu, 607 Potla (varieties)
Kon, 157—See:—Nayukon;
Kolejan, 1283
Tirikon
Kole-zan, 1282
 INDEX 837

Konai, 285 Konkanadhoopam, 211—See:

Konam, A/215 —^Dhoopam
Konch, 818 Konna, 285
Konchari, 272 Konnai—See: —Sarakkonnai;
Konch Bak, A/144—See:—Bak Karungkonnai; Mayikonnai
Kondaa-jilugu, 2 8 1 - ^ e e : — Konnari-gadde, 427—See: —
Jilugu Gadde
Kondaburaga, 207; 20&—See: — Konnoi—See: —Sarokkonnoi
Buraga Konraikkai, 285—See:—Kai or
Konda-gongura, 629—See: — Kayi (varieties)
Gongura Konsu-kandira, 1173—See: —
Kandira
Kondai, 555 Koochuri, 532
Konda-kalava, 716—See: — Koofi—See:—Sad-koofi
Kalava (varieties) Kookai, 413—See:—Kai or
Konda-kashinda, 1221—See: — Kayi (varieties)
Kashinda Kookatakayi, 1103—See:—^Kai
Kondamalle—See: —Jajimalle; or Kayi (varieties)
Malle (varieties) Koolaliya, 446
Kondamanga, 569—See:-— Koolthee, 458
Manga (varieties) Koonch, 5
Kondapala, 1106—See:—Pala Kooneit, 415
(varieties) Koordoo, 90
Kondapan, 281—See:—^Pan Kooruk, 294
(varieties) Koova, 413—See: —Channak-
Kondapatty, 629 koova
Konda-tamara, 1145—See: — Koovalam, 45—See:—Valam
Tamara (varieties) (varieties)
Kondatantemu, 286—See: — Koove-hittu, 413
Tantemu Koove-pitto, 413
Konda vaghe, 61—See: —Vaghe Kopok, 505
(varieties) Koppata, 221
Kondavepa, 311; 784—See: — Koppi—See: —^Pinasangam-
Vepa (varieties) koppi; Sangam-koppi
Konde—See: —Tonde-konde Kora, 427; 897—See: —Kal-
Kondemalle, 999—See: — kora; Shulundukora; Tilia-
Malle kora; Tikora
Kondrakayi, 285—See: —Kai
or Kayi (varieties) Korada, 277
Kondrikam—See: —^Vella- Korai-kizan-gliu, 428
kondrikam Koraik-kizhangu, 430
Kcndugogue pisunu, 362—See: Korakan, 477—See:—Kan
—^Pisunu (varieties)
Konea-dumbar, 550—-See: — Kora-kizanna, 428—See: —
Dumbar Kizanna
Konfa goradu, 450—See: — Korakpuli, 565—See:—Puli
Goradu (varieties)
Kong, 1114 Korallian, A/156
 838 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Koranari-gadde, 428—See: — Kosundra, 183

Gadda Gadde (varieties) Kosuta, 1108
Koranda—See: —Kakoranda Kota, 1007
Korangumunga, 199—See: — Kotagandhal, 699
Munga K o t a i - ^ e e : —^Paku-kotai
Koratota, , 175—-See: —Pivala-Kota-kappala, 1296
Kotambri-beeja, 381
Koranti, 1089—See:—Pon- Kotampum, 1244
koranti Kotap—See: —Tarse-kotap
Korasani-ajowan, 670—See: — Kota-shavukku, 1194—See:—
Ajowan Shavukku (varieties)
Korasigina-gida, 634 Kote Putol, 395—See: —
Koratige—See: —^Halakoratige Putol
Korattai, 1238 Kotha, 535
Korehi-jhar, 428 Kothan, 292
Koreta, 175—See:—Pivala- Kothavarai, 421
"Ucoreta Kothimbir, 381
Korgi, 699 Kothuk, 578
Kori, 61 Kotikanbevila, 1138
Korisha—See:—^Hinna-i- Kotimiri, 381
korisha Kottae, 96—See:—^Manseni-
Koriyim, 381 kottae; Miindirikottae
Korkot, 448 Kottai, 593; 1319—See: —
Korphad, 73 Nattu-akrotta-kottai; Pen-
Korra, 1131 kottai; Poogan-kottai; P u n -
Korralu, 897 nangkottai; Serangkottai,
Korukapili, 978— Shenkottai; Singarokottai;
Kosam, 1114 Tetankottai; Vadam-kottai;
Kosastha animals, A/140 Yetti-kottai; Kapikottai; Ka-
Koshagru, 769 yappan-kottai; Ponnankot-
Koshamba, 769 tai
Koshataki, 751; 753; 755— Kottai-pakku, 130—See: —
See: —Raja-koshataki; Pakku
'nkta-koshataki ^ Kottak, 1162
Koshia, 1040 Kottam, 1108
Koshta, 377; 378; 1108—See: — Kottamalli, 381—See:—Malli
Chagalkoshtam (varieties)
Koshtam, 1108—See:—Cha^l- Kottampalari, 381—See: —
koshtam; Jathi-koshtam Palari
Kosht-kulinjan, 77—See:^— Kottay—See: —^Poongan-
Kulinjan (varieties) Kottay
Kostu, 1108 Kottei, 593
Kostus, 385 Kottha Fooflee Sooparee,
Kosuguddae, 217—See: — (Dye) 11—See: —^Sooparee
Guddae or Gadda Kottmir, 381
(varieties) Kottumbari, 381
Kosum, 1114 Kotuveri—See:—Vellakotu-
Kosumba, 1114 veri; Chekkikotuveri
 INDEX 839

Kot-vaghe, 60—See:—Vaghe Krishna-kamboji, 948—See: —

(varieties) Kamboji
Koudumbar—See: —Kakou- Krishna-keli, 803—See:—Keli
dumbar (varieties)
Kounti, 821 Krishna lavana, M/98—See: —
Kousala, 1047 Lavana (varieties)
Kou-shikaha, 167 Krishnam, 969
Kouyadori, 666 Krishnamrittika, M/7—See: —
Kouzmasab, 434 Mrittika (varieties)
Kova, 300 Krishnamul, 865
Kovai, 300; 355 Krishnanimba, 195—See: —
Kovaraya, 291 Nimba (varieties)
Kovidara, 184 Krishna nirgunda, 572—See:—
Kovippu, 217 Nirgunda
Kovu, A/230 Krishna-phala, 266; 1019
Kowtee, 658 Krishna Sariva, 674—See: —
Kowti, 658 Sariva
Koyala—See: —Nill-koyala Krishna-sinsapa, 431—See: —
Koyapalam, 1017 Sinsapa (varieties)
Koyya, 1017 Krishna sirish, 60; 7 9 7 - ^ e e : —
Kozhuppu, A/230—See: — Sirish (varieties)
Uppu (varieties) Krishna Surma, M/87—See:—
Krachura, 418 Surma (varieties)
Krakara, A/213 Krishnatamara, 255—See: —
Kramuka, 130 Tamara (varieties)
Krant—See: —^Vishnukrant Krishna-tel, 1126—See: —
Kranta—See: —Varaha-kranta; Tel (varieties)
Vishnu-kranta Krishna-til, 1126—See:—Til
ICranti—See: —Vishnukranti (varieties)
Kratavedhana, 752 Krishna-tulasi, 865—See: —
Krauncha, A/144 Tulasi (varieties)
Krausel-beere, 1064 Krishnaunmatta, 434—See:—
Kreide, M/41 Unmatta (varieties)
Krikbil Dingala, 392 Krishna Vrinlaka, 584—See: —
Krishna, 477 Vrinlaka
ICrishna-aguru, 1225 Krishna-vrinta, 589—See: —
Krishnabhedi, 618; 619 Vrinta
Krishnachura, 230; 996 Krishnipami, 1256—See: —
Krishna-dhatura, 440—See: — Parni (varieties)
Dhatura (varieties). Krishnrai, 216—See:—Rai
Krishnagaru, 120—See:— (varieties)
Agaru Krotonol, 396
Krishnajira, 855—See:—Jira PCruisbes, 1064
(varieties) Kruisbezie, 1064
Krishna-jiraka, 854—See: — Krumbal, 548
Jiraka Krupa, 534
Krishna-kamal, 859—See: — Krusbaar, 1064
Kamal (varieties) Kshaudra, (honey) A/192
 840 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Ksheera, A/171 Kuchoo gundubee, 234—See: —

Ksheera-kanda, 686—See: — Gundubee
Kanda (varieties) Kuchri—See: —Kapur-kuchri
Kshetra-parbata, 869—See: — Kuda, (dhavo) 634—See: —
Parpata (varieties) Kala-kuda; Pandra-kuda;
Kshetra-parpati—See: — Chandakuda; Vankuda
Parpati Kudagu, 58
Kshir—See: —Arka-kshir; Kudal churiki, 609—See: —
Bata-kshir; Mansha-kshir Churiki
Kshira, 957; 993—See:— Kudale-kaye, 1103
Swamakshira Kudaliya, 446
Kshira champa, 993—See: — Kudallu, A / 1 6 t
Champa (varieties) Kudambe, 1168—See:—Buta-
Kshirakakkoli, 755—See: — kudambe
Kakkoli; Kakoli; Ksira- Kuddia-khar, M/103—See: —
kakoli; Koli (varieties) K h a r (varieties)
•f-r Kshiri, 802—See:—Swarna- Kudi-Mankuni, 576—See: —
kshiri; Tavakshiri; Tuga- Mankuni
kshiri Kudire-palpashanarn, M/19—
Kshudragnimantha, 352 Palpashanam ,' '
Kshudravyagri, 1150 Kudiyotti, 133
Kshuraka, M/116 Kudo—See:—Atgo-kudo; Kalo-
Ksira-kakoH, 596—See: — kudo; Tambdo-kudo
Kakoli (varieties) Kudsumbar, 255 ' .
Kuamau, 770 Kudur-mires, 1221
Kubas-susa, 582—See: —Susa Kuebaval, 14^—See:—-Baval
Kubazi, 763 (varieties)
Kubbu, A/230 Kuerbeck, 618 ' '
Kuberaka, 294 Kufee—See: —Sada-kufee
Kuberakshi, 226; 229 Kuhili, 818
Kubjaka, 1073 Kuhl-anjan, M/13—See: —
Kubo, 739 Anjan (varieties)
Kuch—See: —^Zuz-ul-kuch Kuja, 1073
Kucha—See: —^Talakucha; 'Kujai, 1073
Tela-kucha Kujubhanbin, 1281—See :-r-
Kuchaka—See: —Khitami-i- Bhanbin (varieties)
kuchaka Kukadvel, 753
Kuchala, 1175
Kuchan, 486 Kukha-avalu, 351—See: —
Kuchandana, 39—See:— Avalu
Chandana (varieties) Kukilipot, 840
Kuchaphala, 1031 Kukka-bejam, A/147
Kuchar, 486 Kukka-bodda, 550—See: —
Kuchila, 1175 Bodda (varieties)
Kuchilalata, 1173; 1182 Kukkagodugu, Sl—See: —
Kuchla, 1175 Godugu
Kuchle-ka-malang, 1277—See: Kukkai—See:—Thelkodul-
—^Malang kukkai
 INDEX 841

Kukkapala, 150;- 1252—See:- Kuliakhara, 667—See:—Khara

Pala (varieties) (varieties)
Kukka-tulasi, 861; 862; 863— Kuliamara, 667—See: —
See: —^Tulasi (varieties)
Kukkavaminta, 351—See: — Kulikul, 291—See:—Kul
Vaminta (varieties) (varieties)
Kukkura-dru, 201 Kulinjan, 77—See: —Bara--
Kukronda, 201; 310; 596 kulinjan; Kosht-kulinjan
Kukseem, 1270 Kulinjana, 77
Kuksung, 202 Kulitha, 458
-Kuksungh, 201 Kulithu, 458
K u k u , 313 Kulit-manis, 328
Kukundara, 201 Kulitpaun, A/154
Kukurandru, 202 Kuljud, 162
Kukurbanda, 202—See: — Kulki, 619
Banda KuUan, 1298
Kukur-bicha, 593 KuUa-ravi, 552—See:—Ravi
Kukur-chita, 748—See: — (varieties)
Chita (varieties) KuUu, 302; 458
Kukurchura, 924 Kulnar, M/46
Kukurlata, 753 Kulo-pan, 311—See:—Pan
Kukursoka, 201 (varieties)
Kukur-songa, 1270 Kulpa—See: —Chotokulpa
Kukursunga, 202 (varieties)
Kul, 1316—See:—Seya-kul; Kulpha—See: —Chhota-
Shakakul; Shia-kul; Kuli- kulpha
kul; Shekakul; Tikul Kulthi, 458—See: —Jangli-
Kula, 1316—See:—Khala- kulthi
kula; Mur-kula; Edakula Kulti, 458
Kulagh—See:—Nan-i-Kulag Kuluppalai-virai, 634—See: —
Kulahala, 298 Virai (varieties)
Kulaj—See: —Gari-kulaj Kum, 559
Kulaka, 1175 Kumaon Oak, 1041—See: —
Kula kudi, 299 Oak (varieties)
Kulanjan, 77—See:—Anjan Kumara—See: —^Bhui-
(varieties) kumara
Kulanjan-e-Kabir, 77 Kumari, 73; 75—See: —
Xulanji, 855 Sahani Kumari; Ghrita-
Kulannuphul, 739 kumari Ghritkumari
Kulastha, 458 Kumarika, 1144; 1145
Kulatha, 458 Kumatha, 585
Kulay—See: —Gari-kulay; Kumbai, 569
Mash-kulay Kumbala—See: —Bilay-
Kulbahebari, 1138~See: — kumbala; Boodi-kumbala:
Bari (varieties) Nela-kumbala; Nelli-
Kuldgajga, 1290—See: —Gajga kumbala
Kulechara animals, A/140 Kumbalakai, 407—See:—-Kai
Kulf, 305 or Kayi (varieties)
54
 842 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Kumbalam, 185—See:—Bilay- Kudamu, 703

kvunbala Kundari, 973; 1307
Kumbal-maram, 578 Kxmdbadastar, A/147
K\imbhi—See: —Jal-kumbhi Kundi, 700—See:—Kirkundi
Kumbhika, 976 Kundphul, 703
Kumbhira, A/158 Kirndre, 211
Kumbi, 273;. 381—See: — Kimdrikam, 211—See:—Velli-
Gaira-kumbi kundricum
Kumbli, 828 Kundro, 1265
Kiimbula, 584 Kundur, 211
Kumhar, 584 Kundurukkam—See:—
Kumir, A/158 Vella-kundurukkam
Kumkuma, 389 Kune-la-mon, 21
Kumla, 387 Kunghu, 520
Kumohi, 949 Kungiliyam, 1132—See: —
Kumpaiman, 381—See: — Maisatchi Kungiliyam;
'V Paiman Vellai-kungiliyam
Kiunpta, 587 Kungitikaya, 1103
Kumra, 185; 407—See: — Kungku, 520
Bhui-kumra; Bhumi-kumra; Kungo-gida, 897
Chal-kumrha; Chalk or Desi- Kungyi, 1134
kumrha; Shada-kumra Kungziyan, 213
Kumrak, 164 Kunjad, 1126
Kumrha—See: —Chalk Kunjia, 1256
kumrha (varieties) Kunjor, 425
Kumshima, 298 Kunki pootri, 972—See: —
Kiiinta, 15 Pootri
Kumuda, 172; 858; 859 Kunkmiphal, 18
Kumyss, A/152 Kunkudu chettu, 1103
Kunar, 1316 Kunkuma, 761
Kunawar, 486 Kunkuma-kesara, 390—See:.,
Kiinch, 5 Kesara (varieties)
Kunchan—See: —Pivala- Kunkumappu, 390
kunchan Kunkuma-puvva, 390
Kunchika, 408—See: — Kunkumma-purru, 390
Brihat-upa-kunchika; Kunlu, 454
Upakunchika Kunni, 5
Kund—See:—Sakhar-kund Kunrikam—See: —Vellai-
Kunda, 94; 696; 703—See: — kunrikam
Barakunda Mochukunda, Kuntali, 1301
Muchu-kunda; Poti-kunda; Kuntham, M/55
Chakunda Kunthamani, 5
Kunda gadda, 1190—See: — Kunvar, 73
Gadda (varieties) Kunwara—See: —Jangli-
Kunda-guddae—See: — kunwara
Manchikunda-guddae Kun-yoe, 961
Ktmdali, 165; 352 Kuomad, 1170
Kundam, 703 Kupa-menya, 18
 INDEX 843

Kupante, 951 Kura-sanna, 988—See: —

Kupfer, M/47 Sanna
Kupilu, 1175 Kurat, 699
Kupivittulu—See: —Shata- Kurati, 699
kupivittulu Kuravaka, 730
Kuppa—See: —Sadakuppa; Kuravamu, 730
Chatiikuppa Kurchi, 634
Kuppaikkirai, 91:—See: — Kurdia, 130
Kirai (varieties) Kurdumana, 374
Kuppaimeni, 18 Kurela-jangro, 805
Kuppamani, 18 Kureli, 112
Kuppatulasi, 863—See: — Kureta, 1134
Tulasi (varieties) Kureya, 634
Kuppi, 955—See:—Sangan- Kurfa, 1005
kuppi; Satakuppi Kurfah, 1005
Kuppichettu, 17 Kuri, 857; 899—See:—Kanch-
Kuppigida, 18 kuri; lliolkuri; Chagalkuri;
Kup-pinta, 17-18 ;Kirankuri; Thul-kurhi
Kuppivaeni, 18 Kuriel, 375
Kuppu, 17 Kurinja, 150
Kur, 1108—See:—Chakur; Kuri-vilandi, 1145—See:—
Tikkur Vilandi
Kura, 385; 634; 1290—See: — Kurivippundu, 629—See: —
Anbotikura; Akurkura; Vippundu
Kurakura; Pandhra-kura; Kurka, 1206
Pankura; Pappu-kura; Vela- Kurkum, .415
kura; Baghan-kura; Bodda- Kurkundai, 1229
kura; Byakura; Chila- Kurkur-jihwa, 1167
kathotakura; Cikura; EUa- Kurlaru, 408
kura; Istarakura; Jirban Kurlinga, 1061
kura; Kakura; Pala-kura; Kurnap—See: —Kattukurnap
Ponagantikura; Raikura
Kurpodur, 868
Kurachi, 847
Kurad, 923 Kurpurvalli, 371
Kurak, 570 K.urra—See: —Dantikurra;
Kuraka, 265 Esakadantikurra; Jilakurra;
Kurakhan, 477 Pedda-j ilakurra
Kuraku, 1079—See:—Brahma- Kurru Chantz, 377
Kuraku Kursali—See: —Sukhli-kursali
Kurakura, A/154—See: — Kurti-kalai, 458—See:—Kalai
K u r a (varieties) (varieties)
Kural, 183 Kurtoli, 807
Kurang, 771 Kuru, 741; 953—See: —
Kurantaka, 175 Nanjinkuru
Kurasani-yamani, 670—See: Kurubilve, 428
Yamani (varieties) Kurudinna, 1283
Kurasani-yomam, 670—See: — Kurudvel, 629
Yomam Kuruindu, 972—See: —Indu
 844 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Kurukapuli, 565—See:—^Puli Kushniz, 381 "

(varieties) Kushta, 1108
Kurukkum-chedi, 133 Kushtam, 1108
Kurukutti-muUa, 703 Kushtavairi, 658
Kuruma—See:—Nayikuruma Kusht-el-bati, 694
Kuru-milagu, 969—See: — Kushtha, 1108
Milagu Kusibe, 278
Kuru-mulaka, 969—See: — Kusimba, 570
Mulaka (varieties) Kusri-jhad, 14
Kurundo, 328 Kusrunam, 389
Kurunja—See: —Shiru- Kusrunt, 556
kurunja Kust, 385; 1108
Kurunji—See: —^Vella-kurunji; Kustam, 1108
Venkurunji Kustumbari, 381
Kurunthotti, 1138—See: — Kusubi, 278
Thotti, Kusum, 278
'•^Kuruvaeru, 109 Kusuma, 794; 1114
Kuruvilai, 354 Kusumba, 278
Kuruvingi, 472 Kusumbar, 278
Kuru-vrandawan, 335 Kusumbavirai, 278
Kurva-indrajao, 634—See: — Kusumbe, 278
Indrajao (varieties) Kusumbha, 278
Kusa, 994—See:—Ibharan- Kusumbi, 278
kusa; Karan-kusa Kut, 1108
.Kusa grass—See:—Sacred Kutaja, 634
kusa grass Kutakam, 662
Kusal, 106—See:—Pandhari- Kutapana, 384—See: —Pana
kusal (varieties)
Kusali, 106 Kutha, 1254
Kusama chettu—See:—Pichy- Kuti—See:—Erra-kuti; Kan-
kusamachettu kuti; Kayakuti
Kusar, 570; 700 Kutila, 133
Kusara, 700 Kutki, 573; 618—See:—Kala-
Kusari, 700 kutki; Kali-kutki Khorasa'ni-
Kusar-rangini, 700—See:— kutki
Rangini Kutri, 21
Kusbara, 381 Kut-root, 1108
Kuschu-gundubi, 652—See: — Kutsai, 313—See:—Sai
Gundubi Kutta—See: —Kasku-kutta
Kusgo, 1168 Kuttelfishbeim, A/210
Kusha, 504; 994 Kuttoowombi, 338
Kushal—See: —Kala-kushal Kuttra, 741
Kusham—See: —Kanta- Kuttukkol, 282
kusham Kutu, 534
Kushi—See: —Kapia-kushi Kutu-ayamodakam, 305—
Kushmanda, 185—See: — See: —^Ayamodakam
Bhumikushmanda Kuv, 418
Kushmul, 189 Kuva, 770
 INDEX 845

Kuvalay, 185 Laghu lonika, 1007—See: —

Kuvara, 130 Lonika (varieties)
Kuvehittu, 770 Laghupatha, 333—See: —Patha
Kuwar, 999 Laghu Pattra, 994—See: —
Kuzhangu—See:—Seppan Pattra (varieties)
Kuzhangu Laghu-yahava, 933—See: —
Ky akatwa, 172—See: —Kat wa Yahava
(varieties) Lagondi, 1281
Kyani, M/47 Lahan, 1221
Ky-a-ve-Khet, A/156 Lahana-kalpa, 1233—See:—
Kyet-th-woni-ni, 63 Kalpa (varieties)
Kyetyo, 1280 Lahani Kumari, 75—See: —
Kyi, 177 Kumari (varieties)
Kyoak-pan, 264—See;—Pan Lahankhari narval, 352—
(varieties) ' See: —Narval
Kyouh-kyen, M/2 Lahan kolkando, 1116—See: —
Kyoung-sha, 876—See—Sha Kolkando; Kando (varieties)
Ky-won, 1197 Lahannayeti, 529—See: —
Nayeti
Lahan-shivan, 585—See: —
Shivan
Laba, A/232 Laharzingi-na-Kalpa, 1233—
Labha—See: —Dulal-labha; See:—^Kalpa (varieties)
Duralabha Lahori, 927
Lablab, 608 Lahori-gajar, 684—See: —
Labshi, 294 Gajar (varieties)
Laburnum—See:—Indian Lahuriya, 986
laburnum Lai, 1194
Labuwapetta, A/232 Laingach, 800
Lac, A/148—Cee:—Stick-lac Laitue cultivec, 719
Lacca, A/148; A/232 Lajak, 799
Lac dye, A/15 0 Lajalu, 199; 799; 847
Lactalbumin, A/173—See:— Lajjabati, 799
Albumin Lajjalu, 799
Lactic acid milk, A/175; A/176 Lajri, 199; 799
—See:—Milk (varieties) Lajwanthi, 799
Lada, 965 Lakdacha-kolsa, M/46—
Ladahitam, 969 See:—Kolsa (varieties)
Ladakirevanda-chini, 1056— Lakdu-koelo, M/46—See: —
See:—Chini (varieties) Koelo
Ladana, A/234 Lake fish, (large) A/214—
Ladies' fingers, 1 See:—Fish (varieties)
Ladumira, 268 Lakh, 726; A/148; A/232
Laduri, 857 Lakha, A/148
Laftaf, 272
Laghukarni, 350—See:—Kami Lakhiya, M/103
Laghu kesura, 1117—See: — Lakin—See:—Maida-lakin
Kesvira Lakmani, 764
 846 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Lakrika Kolsa, M/46—See: — Lai Jhau, 1193; 1194—See: —

Kolsa (varieties) Jhau
Laksha, A/148; A/232 Lal-kamal, 859—See:—Kamal
Lakshamana, 764 (varieties)
Lakshmana, 1145 Lal-katyan, 208—See:—^Katyan
Laktta, 505 Lal-khaskhasnu jhad, 901—
Lakucha, 147 See: —Khaskhasnu-jhad
Lalambadi, 632—See: — Lai or Gach-mirichi, 268—
Ambadi See:—^Mirichi (varieties)
Lalbachlu, 178—See:—Bachlu Lalmirichi, 268—See: —
Lal-Bahamana, 1093—See: — Mirichi; Gach-mirichi (varie-
Bahamana ties)
Lal-bahuk, 943—See:—Bahuk Lal-murga, 297 —See:—Murga
Lalbariala, 1137—See: — (varieties)
Bariala Lai peyara, 1017—See:—
.XJSH. bhopla, 407—See:— Peyara
Bhopla (varieties) I.al-poshta, 901—See:—Poshta
Lal-bhranda, 706—See; — Lal-sabuni, 1228—See: —
Bhranda Sabuni (varieties)
Lalbunlanga, 713—See: — Lalsag, 88; 91—See: —Sag
Bunlanga (varieties)
Lalchandana, 1026—See: — Lai Sambal, M/19—See: —
Chandan Sambal (varieties)
Lalchita, 988; 989—See: — Lai Siris, 60; 798—See: —
Chita (varieties) Siris (varieties)
Lal-chitarah, 988 Lai sufrium, 1017—See:—
Sufrium
Lal-chitarakak, 988 Lalvelchi, 822—See:—Velchi
Lal-chitra, 988; 989—See: — (varieties)
Chitra (varieties) Lamajjaka, 107
Lai Elchi, 822—See:—Elichi Lamal, 565
(varieties) Lamjak, 107
Lalgavat, 111—See:—Gavat Lamka, 726
(varieties) Lana, 607
Lalgiri-mati, M/42—See: — Lanan, 1091
Mati (varieties) Lanchari, 84
Lal-gurania alu, 451—See:— Land snail, A/135—See: —
AIu (varieties) Snail
Lai Haralal, M/19—See: — Lang, 726
Haralal Langali, 666
Lal-Indrayan, 1238—See: — Langlika, 579
Indrayan (varieties) Langblattriger sterndorn, 667
Lalio, 587 Lang-i-dalam, M/6
Lalisurangi, 797—See: — Langstielige Blattblume, 948
Surangi Langula—See:—Ishalangula
Lalitapat, 377 Languli, 579—See: —^Bishalan-
Laljari, 871—See:—Jari guli
(varieties) Langulilata, 690
 INDEX 84T

» Lanisah, 1054 Laung, 280; 835

Lanka-marich, 268; 270 Laurel—See: —Alexandrian
See:—Marich (varieties) laurel; Victor's laurels
Lankasij, 529—See:—Sij "Lava", A/142
(varieties) Lavala, 427
Lanolin, A/137, Lavamarum—See:—MuUula-
Lanu—See:—Chotee lanu vamarum.
Lapadi, 90 Lavana, M/IOS—See: —
Larborna, 1000 Chulika-lavana; Daru-
Lard, A/136—See:—Hog's lard lawana; Droni-lavana; Kri-
tree; Lard tree shnaJavana; Santiudra-
Lard tree—See:—^Hog's lard lavana; Sendhur-lavana;
tree Sendur-lavana; Sindur4av-
Larkana, 977 ana; Vansa-lavana
Las, 1005 Lavanam—See:—Cindha lava-
Lasan, 65 nam; Vamna-lavanam; Van-
Lasana-el-hamala, 986 salavanam
Laskar, 442 Lavanchi, 109
Lasora—See: —Chota-Iasora; Lavang, 280; 835
Bara-lasora Lavanga, 280—See:—Panl-
Lastuk, 486 vanga
Lasun, 65—See:—Ek-kanda- Lavangaha, 835
lasun Lavangalata, 755
Lasuna, 65 Lavangam, 835
Lasunghas, 774 Lavangaphal, 755
Latakaranja, 226—See: — Lavangian-marich, 270—See: —
Karanja (varieties) Marich (varieties)
Latakasturi, 1019—See: — Lavangpatte—See: —Adavi-
Kasturi (varieties) lavangpatte
Latakasturikam 626—See: —• Lavani, 946; 947
Kasturi (varieties) See: — Lavendra-na-phula, 730
Kasturikam Lavender—See:—Arabian or
Lata Palasa, 224—See: — French lavender; Jangli-
Palasa (varieties) lavender; Thick-leaved lav-
Lataphatki, 271—See: —Phatki ender
Lataphatkiri, 271—See:— Lavinju-larmisi, 1028
Phatkiri Lavungi mirchi, 270—See:—
Latia ghaial, 55—See:—Ghaial Mirchi (varieties)
(varieties) Lawa, A/232
Latjira, 21—See:—Jira (varie- Lawala, 430
ties) Lead, M/83—See:—Flake
Latkan, 199—See:—Kan white lead; White lead;
(varieties) Flowers of lead; Red lead
Latri, 726 Lead carbonate—See:—^Basic
Lau, 722 lead carbonate
Lauha, M/54—See:—Bajir- Lead monoxide—See:—Mono-
lauha xide of lead
Lauki, 722 Lead oxide, M/86—See:—
 848 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Oxide of lead; Red oxide of Common cobra lily; Cobra-

lead lily
Lead sulphide, M/14—See: — Lima pole bean, 938—See: —
Sulphide of lead Beans (varieties)
Lead(wiort—See: —^Rose-colour- Limba, 776; 787
ed Leadwort; White lead- Limbara, 626
wort Limbatoli, 787
Leaf • sundew—See:—Round- Flowers of lead; Read lead;
leaf Sundew; Sundew (va- Limbay, 342
rieties) Limbe—See: —Kadu-limbe
Lebruj, 764 Limbi—See: —Ram-limbi
Leech—See:—Speckled leech Limbo, 221
Leek, 65 Limbu, 342—See:—Kagdi-
Lei, 1194 limbu; Mahalimbu; Makad-
Lelka, 548 limbu; Mithalimbu; Ram-
Lemon, 346 limbu; Sitaranlimbu; Thoila-
Lemongrass—See: —True limbu
lemon-grass Limbumyok, 1142
Lendi, 1158 Lime—See:—Sour lime of
Lentils, 734 India; Wild lime; Acid lime;
Leonuk, 1183 Sweet lime; True sweet lime
Iiesser Cardamom, 475—See: — Lime, M/40—See: —Burnt-
Cardamom (varieties) lime; Caustic lime; Quick-
Lesser galangal, 77—See: — lime; Slaked lime; Unslaked-
Galangal (varieties) lime; Sweet lime; True sweet
Lesu, M/109 lime
Lettuce, 719 Limeko, M/44
Levure, 303 Lime-shell—See:—Shell
Liasada, 752 (varieties)
Libi-bichi, 680—See: —Bichi Limonite, M/95
Libi-dibi, 229—See:—Dibi Limpaka, 346
Lichen—^ee:—^Yellow-lichen Limri, 1221
Lichi, 846 Lincultive, 743
Lichi Tree, 846 Linga—See: —Marilinga
Lidar, 414 Lingapotla, 1234—See:—Potla
Liengmau, 339 (varieties)
Likharu, 1016 Linseed, 743
Lilac—See:—Indian lilac; Liquid Storax, 747—See: —
Persianlilac Storax
Lilicha, 104 Liquor—See:—Paddy liquor
Lilin, A/151 Liquorice, 582—See:—Jamaica
liquorice; Wild liquorice
Liljahri, 577 Liquor Pancreatini, (See:—
Lilkathi, 998 Liquor Pancreatis), A/178—
Lily—See:—Snake lily; Superb See: —Pancreatini
lily; East Indian-blue-water- Lisan-el-asafir-el-murr, 634
lily; Indian-blue-water-lily; Lisk, A/154
Water-lily; Blue water-lily; Litchibaxmi, 846
 INDEX 849

Litharge, M/86 Long Pepper, 965—See:—^Pep-

Liveroil—See: —Shark hver per (varieties)
oil Long-podded radish, 1049—
Lizard, A/217—See:—Sand See: —^Radish (varieties)
lizard Long white gourd, 722—See:—-
Lizard, a Kind of, A/165 Gourd (varieties)
Lobea rohu, A/215—See: Loni, 1005; 1006
Rohu fish; Fish (varieties) Lonia, 1007
Lobeh, 459 Lonika, 1005—See:—Amli-
Lobeo rohita, A/215—See: lonika; Laghu-lonika
Rohu fish; Fish (varieties) Lonkhair, 16
Lobhan, 211 Looloo, A/208
Lobia,459 Loonak, 1007
Lodar, 1186 Lootputiah, 1142
Lodh, 1186 Loquat, 505
Lodhano-kata, M/62—See: Lot, 1107
Kata Lota, 459
Lodhar, 1186 Lotaka—See: —Pivla-lotaka
Lodhra, 1186 Lothi—See: —Velli-lothi
Lodh-tree, 1186 Lotloti, 1256
Lodhuga-chettu, 1186 Lotur-bark, 1186
Lodhim, M/54 Lotus—See: -^Blue lotus;
Lodrom, 446 Egyptian Castalia lotus; C a s -
Loha, M/54 talia lotus; Egyptian lotus;
Lohaka-gu, M/62 Sacred lotus
Lohaka-zang, M/62 Louza, 1011
'Lobar' dates, 944—See: — Lovage, 280; 1028
Dates (varieties) Lovas, M/11
Lohar-gu, M/62 Lovet Sabuni, 1 2 2 8 - ^ e e : —
Lohari, 454 Sabuni (varieties)
Lohchun, M/54 Lovia, 460
Loheka janga, M/62 Lowangapattai, 328
Lokandi, 699; 1266 Luban, 211; 212; 1182
Lokhand, M/54 Lubhani, 747
Lokhanda-gu, M/62 Lubis firmun, 748
Lokhandi, 787; 822 Lucerne, 774
Lolagu, 1027 Ludut, 365
Lolangu, 1027 Lufa, 219
Lolisara, 75—See:—Sara Lufahat, 764
Lena, 115; 449 Luffa—See:—Ribbed luffa;
Lonak, 1006 Smooth luffa
Lonee, A/178 Luffe—See:—Bittere luffea
Lonephe, 221 Luffe amere, 752—See: —
Long, 835 Amere, luffe
Longanbaum, 846 Luki, 1277
Longan-tree, 846 Lukkah, A/148
Long-leaved Pine, 957—See:- Lulai, 60; 797
Pine (varieties) Lun, 865
850 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Lunak, 1005; 1183 Machola, 145

Lunia—See:—Chhota-lunia; Machutie, 999
Bara-lunia Macis, 830
Luni-buti, 1007 Mackhan, A/178
'Lxmi-KIharkun' dates, 944— Macttoennui, 579
See:—^Dates (varieties) Mada, A/146; 165; 939—See; —
Lun-Nun, M/109—See: —Nun Nallamada Haramada; Puli-
(varieties) mada
Luntak, 507 Madahagala-kayi, 807—See: —
Lunu, 63; M/109 Kai or Kayi (varieties)
Lxinuk, 1007 Madaki, 937
Lurala-tige, 1266—See:—Tige Madala Aralu, 56—See: —
(varieties) Aralu
Luri-chakka, 1266 Madalada-hannu, 348
Luskanu jhad, 594 Madalai, 1032
Lut-putiah, 843 Madalai-Virai—^See: —Shimai-
Lycppode, 758 madalai-virai
Madalam, 1032
Madalanarakam, 348—See: —
Narakam (varieties)
Ma, 939 Madalangkai, 1032—See:—Kai
Maana, 110 or Kayi (varieties)
Mabil, 698 ' Madamattagam, 256
Mabli kalvana, 599 Madana, 1047
Macch-ranga, A/166—See: — Madana-banta-kadu, 1162
Ranga (varieties) Madanaghanti, 1162
Mace, 830—See:—Bombay Madana-ghettu, 1162
Mace Madanakamapu, 422—See: —
Machakai, 1041—See:—Kai or Madan-kamapu
Kayi (varieties) Madana masta, 94
Mach-bhander, A/234—See: — Madandriksh, 1264
Bhander Madan-ghanta, 1162
Machchi, A/213 Madani—See:—Fadui madani;
Machh—-See: —Punti-machh; Pouzera madani
Rui-machh Madan-kamapu, 1168—See: —
Machhikara, 508—See:—Kara Madanakamapu
(varieties) Madan-must-ka-phul—See: —
Machhika-Siras, A/135— Janglimadanmust-ka-phul;
See: —Siras (varieties) Pahadi-madanmastaka-phul
Machhi-ka-tel, A/231—See: — Madar, 237; 242—See:—Palita
Tel (varieties) madar
Machhli-ke-Barkicharbi, A/154 Madarangaballi—See: —Patt a-
Machika, 628 madarangabali
Machikai, 1041—See:—Kai or Madarangi, 731
Kayi (varieties) Madat, 1211
Machipattri, 141 Maddarasagida, 1189
Machittie, 299 Maddedhupa, 57—See: —
"Machni, 750 Dhupa (varieties)
 INDEX 851

Madder—See:—^Dyer's mad- Madhusnuhi, 1143—See: —

der; Indian madder; Two- Snuhi; Vanamadhusnahi
flowered Indian madder; Madhvalu, 449
Maddi, 1211—See:— Madhyanha malligay, 803—
Bhuyimaddi; Peru'maddi; S§e:—^Malligai (varieties)
Yermaddi; Innumaddi; Nal- Madmi, 8
lamaddi Madni—See: —Zankurmadni
Maddi-chekhi, 810 Madoi—See: —^Tella-madoi
Maddichettu, 809 Madoo-guss, 422
Maddipalu, 57—See:—Palu Madras worm-wood, 592—
Maddo—See: —Talatmaddo; See: —Wormwood '
Narlamaddo Madu—See: —Yekka—^madu;
Madeephalamu, 348 Ambatimadu
Madgura, A/214 Madukalpa, M/64—See:—
Madh, A/191—See:—Jashti- Kalpa (varieties)
r^dh Maduru-tuUa, 865—See:—
Madha, A/191—.See: —Mriga- TuUa
madha Maedasingi, 615—See:—Singi
Madhabi, 634 (varieties)
Madhavilata, 634' Maena, A/151
Madhhuka, 179
Maesapat, 392
Madhookam lUupai, 179—
See:—lUupai Mafarfin, 443
Madhookamu, 179 Mag, 939
Madhu, A/191—See also: — Magadam, 801
Yashti-madhu; Jashti- Magar, 172
madhu; Yashto-madhu Maghadhi, 965
Madhuduti, 1168 Magha-thi-Hindi, 748—See: —
Madhu] an, A/151—See: —Jan
(varieties) Hindi (varieties)
Madhuka, 181; 582 Maghizham, 801
Madhukam—See: —Yashtima- Maghzpipal, 965—See: —Pipal
dhukam (varieties)
Madhu-karkatika, 346—See: — Magi, 1191
Karkatika Magic Nuts, 1041
Madhuli, 1250 Magiya-main, 1193; 1194—
Madhumadavi, 700 See:—Main
Madhumakshika (honey) Magnesia—See: —Silicate of
A/192—See:—Makshika alumina, magnesia & oxide of
(varieties) iron
Madhu malati, 465—See: — Magnesium—See: —Hydrated
Malati (varieties) magnesium
Madhuranarakam, 339—See: — Magnesium iron, M/7—See: —
Narakam (varieties) Iron magnesium
Madhura-tvacha, 375 Magnesium silicate—See:—
Madhuria, 1017 Hydrated magnesium silicate
Madhurika, 557 Magnetic iron oxide, M/62—
Madhurimisi, 955 See:—Iron oxide
852 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDINA

Magnetic oxide of iron, M/106 Mahatikta, 101—See:—Tikta

—See:—Iron oxide; Oxide (varieties)
of iron; Silicate of alumina Mahatita, 101; 1184—See:—
Magnetite, M/62 Tita (varieties)
Magrabu, 619 Mahat-kesur, 1117—See: —
Magrahai, M/95 Kesur (varieties)
Magulikarimi, 843 Mahaul—See: —Me-mahaul
Magur, A/214; A/216 Mahaushada, 1308
Mahabala, 1137—See;—Bala Maliavriksha, 207
(varieties) Mahgodhuma, 1250—See: —
Mahabaravach, 77 Godhuma
Mahabari-bach, 1315—See: — Mahi, 360—See:—Rege mahi;
Bach (varieties) Regmahi; Sang-e-siramahi;
Maha-getiya, 655—See: — Sera-Sham-e-Mahi
Getiya Mahilyun, 400
Mahaj^mbiram, 246—See: — Mahin, 1194—See:—Bari- H
Jaiiibiram mahin
Mahakal, 1238 Mahish, A/146
Mahala, 56 Mahisha, A/146
Mahalimbu, 294—See: — Mahmira, 376
Limbu (varieties) Mahogany tree—See:—Indian
Mahalung, 348 Mahogany tree
Mahalunga, 348 Mahoor, 27
Mahamasha, 1272—See: — Mahori-Mamoli, 1156—See: •—
Masha (varieties) Mamoli
Mahameda, 738; 756—See:— Mahseer, A/214
Mela Mahua, 179
Mahamirana, 376 Ma-Huang, 486
Mahamula, 219—See:—Mula Mahubi, 523
(varieties) Mahuda, 179
Mahan, 535—See:—Vari- Mahusudha, 65—See: —
mahan Sudha
Mahanim, 56—See:—Nim Mahwa, 181
(varieties) Mahwah, tree, 179
Mahanimb, 56; 784—See: — Maidah, 1117
Nimb (varieties) Maida-lakin, 748—See:—
Mahanimba, 56; 57; 784— Lakin
See:—Nimba (varieties) Maida-lakri, 748
Mahanimbu, 34S—See: — Maida-lakti, 748
Nimbu (varieties)
Maiden-hair fern, 43—See; —
Maha-oushadam, 1308
Mahaputra-jiviyarala, 1036 Fern (varieties)
Maharangi, 871 Maika, 45
Maharukha, 56 Mail, A/213
Mahasaha, 580 Mailanchi, 730-31
Maha-shibee, 254 Maili-kannai, 996—See; —
Mahataru, 522 Kannai
Mahateeta, 717—See: —Teeta Maimati, 1285
 INDEX

Main—See: —^Barimain, Choti- Makka-cholam, 1304—See: —

main, Maiiya-main Cholam
Mai-nam, A/151 Makka-zormalu, 1304—See: —
Mainmul, 372 Zonnalu
Mainphal, 1047 Makkha, 130
Maiphal, 1041 Mako, 469; 1152
Maiphala, 1041 Makoi, 1152
Makra, 476; 477
Maisatchi Kungiliyam, 167— Makragav, 454—See:—Gay
See:—Kungiliyam (varie- Makra-rai, 216—See:—Kai
ties) (varieties)
Maishakshi, 167 Makriya, 1114
Maizali-gi, -283 Makshika, A/191; <honey)
Maize, 1304 A./192—See: —Madhumak-
M a j a r - S e e : —Punuga-majar shika; Svarnamakshika; Tar-
Maijige-huUu, 104 amakshika
Majram, 818 Makshikam, M/66
Majuphala, 1Q41 Makstan, 626
Majuphul, 1041 . Makulaka, 708
Maka, 469; 1304—See:—Bhra Makulu, 658
maka; Miraju-maka; Pivala- Makushtaka, 937
maka Malabar Cardamom, 475—
Makadlimbu, 160—See: — See:—Cardamom (varieties)
Limbu (varieties) Malabar catmint, 114—See: —
Makadphal, 809
Makai, 1304; 1317 Catmint
Malabar grass—See: —Cochm
Makaibonda, 1304—See:—
grass „
Bonda Malabari halad, 1 3 0 8 - S e e : -
Makal, 1238 Halad (varieties)
TVIakali-na-patran, 838 Malabari-supari, 422—See:-
Makam-shim, 254—See: — Supari
Shim (varieties) Malabar Kino, 1025—See: -
Makanchi, 234 Kino (varieties)
Makania Gowar, 420—bee: — Malabar Night-shade, 1 ' ' —
Gowar (varieties) See:—Night-shade (varie-
M a k a r a d h w a j a - S e e : —Insolu- ties) ^ _,
ble sulphide of mercury, etc. Malabar nut, 40—See:—Com-
(varieties) mon Malabar nut
Makhal, 335 Malabar Nutmeg, 8 3 4 — S e e : -
Makhamali kida, A/206— Nutmeg (varieties)
See: —Kida Malabar Sago-palm, 280—
Makham Sim, 461—See: — See:—Sago-pahn; Palm
Sim (varieties)
Makhanna, 530; 845 Mala-eri-kata, 296—See: —
Makhmal, 1190 Kata (varieties)
Makhna, 530 Malai, A/179
Makina chettu, 932 Malait-tamara, 1144; 1145—
See:—Tamara (varieties)
Makka, 1304
854 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Malaivembu, 784—See: — Mallige, 704—See:—Kadu-mal-

Vembu (varieties) lige; Katu-mallige
Malakalbeng, 1017 lige; Katu-mallige; Madhy-
Malakanguni, 296—^See: — anha-malligay; Vana-malliga
Kanguni Malligida—See: —Neelamalli-
Malakava, 111—See:—Kava gida; Shivamalligida
(varieties) Malligiri, 330
Malakullie, 716 Mallika, 702; 704—See: —Ban-
Ma-la-mai, 272 mallica; Chattu-mallika;
Malang—See: —Kuchli-ka- Girimallika; Ikshura-mal-
malang lika; Kattu-mallika; Nava-
Malanga—See:—Tukhm- mallika; Arbimallika; Asona-
malanga; Tok-malanga mallika
Malang-nar, 160—See:—Nar MaUikei—See:—Chatur malli-
Malankara, 473 kei
Malathi-phalam, 830 MaUow—See: —Common mal-
Malati, 50; 700; 701; 834— low; Country-mallow; Marsh-
See:—^Madhu-malati; Peet- mallow; Musk-mallow
malati Malmai, 272
Male fern rhizome, 467— Malmandi, 682
See: —Fern (varieties) 'Maltani' Hing, 537—See: —
Malenaeralu, 518—See: — Hing (varieties)
Naeralu (varieties) Malti—See: —^Vanamalti
Malenarakam, 160—See: — Malva moschata, A/202
Narakam (varieties) Malwa opium, 916—See:—
Male Racine de Foughere— Opium (varieties)
See:—Racine de Foughere, Mamaphal, 115
Male Mamekh, 893
Malla, 1317—See: —Rasamalla Mamidi, 764—See:—Adavi-
Mallaidangi, 1134 mamidi; Chara-mamidi; At-
Mallani-padman, 530 tatamamidi
Mamidiallam, 412—See: —
Mallani-pidman, 845 AUam
Mallay-vembu, 785 .. Mamira, 376
Malle, 701; 704—See:—Jaji- Mamiran, 376; 577; 1213
malle; Kondemalle; Puga- Mamirana ,1213
damalle Mamiri, 247
Mallery—See:—Andi-mallery Mamkkam—See: —^Mayir-
Main, J.046—See:—Kottamalli; mamkkam
Nagamalli; Nirumalli; Ran- Mamokh, 893
goon malli; Shirumalli; Chi- Mamoli, 1156—See:—Mahort-
thamalli; Adavimalli; Pach- mamoli
che Adavimalli Mampalam, 764
Malligai, 701; 704—See: — Mamphal, 115
Kasturi-malliga; Andi-malli- Manaka, 72
gai; Kattumalligei; Madhy- Manakkarai, 1264—See; —
anha malligay; Pavala malli- Karai (varieties)
gai; Vanamalligai Manali, 677
 INDEX 85S

Manalie-Kirae, 578—See: — Mandgay, 172

Kirae Mandi—See:—Sadamandi
Man-alu, 449—See:—Alu Mandibattal, 1260—See: —
(varieties) Battal
Manapala, 1220—See:—Pala Mandiocca, 707
(varieties) Manditta, 1075
Manasa—See:—^Phani-manasa Mandu—See: —^Munta-mandiu
Manashila, M/19 Mandua, 477
Manasil, M/19 Manduka, 662
Manaswila, M/19 Manduka-parni, 662; 666—
Manattakkali, 1152—See: — See:—Parni (varieties)
Takkali (varieties) Mandukbrammi, 299~See: —
Manbala, 568—See:—Bala Brahmi (varieties)
(varieties) Manduki, 624—See:—Brahina-
Manchedi-^See:—Mari- . manduki
manchedi Mandula-maritige, 1285—
Manchi—See: —Anchimanchi See: —Maritige '
Manchi-kunda-guddae, 94— Manduparani, 3—See:—^Parni
See:.—Kunda-guddae (varieties)
Manchi-manda, 303—See: — Manduparni, 1196—See:—
Manda Parni (varieties)
Manchingi, 457 Mandur, M/62
Manchiiiune, 1127 Manduram, M/62
Manchuta, 166—See:—Chuta Manga, 1047—See:—^Konda-
Manda, 304; 452; 1047—See:— manga; Tella-manga
Manchi-manda Manga-kai, 1047—See:—Kai or
Mandadhup, 254 —See:—Dhup Kayi (varieties)
(varieties) Mangal, 172; 389
Mandala—See: —^Vishaman- Mangalya, 389; 444
dala Manganari, 741—See:—Nari
Mandalia, 508 (varieties)
Mandar, 508—See:—Palit- Manganver, 433
mandar Mangaravalli, 1284
Mandara, 237; 242; 631—See: — Mangari-kai, 1047—See:—Kai
Kempu-mandara or Kayi (varieties)
Mandar ai—See: —Andi- Mangarleta, 999
mandarai Mangaroli, 1284
Mandaram—See: —Chuvanna- Mangarwal, 486
Mandaram. Mangastin, 563
Mandaramu, 237—See: —
Adavi-mandaramu Mangga, 765
Mandare—See: —Undi- Mango, 764—See:—Kati-
mandare mango; Mowda; Red mangor
Mandareh, 182 Wild mango
Mandastic, 1075 Mangobaum, 764
Manddrake, 764 Mango ginger, 412—See: —
Mandeki-patak, 338 Ginger (varieties)
See:—Patak Mangostan, 563
 856 •THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Mangosteen, 563—See:—Mate Mann-ul-qeetas, A/154

Mangosteen; Wild Mango- Mannu-uppu, M/88—See: —
steen Uppu (varieties)
Mangostin, 563 Mannupu—See: —Savite-
Mangrove, 165—See:—White mannupu
mangrove Manor anjitham, 140
Manguier, 764 Manoranjithamu, 140
Mangusta, 563 Manphanasa, 146—See: —
Mangustan, 563 Phanas (varieties)
•Manhala, 568 Manpumaram, 857
Manikham—See: —Mayir- Mans Masha, 580—See: —
manikham Masha (varieties)
Manikkam—See: —Mayir- Mansasij, 524—See:—Sij
manikkam (varieties)
Manilakottai, 121 Mansenikottae, 39—See: —
Manioc, 707 Kottae (varieties)
^Manjadi, 39 Mansha-Kshir, M/130—See: —
"Manja-kadambe, 44—See: — Kshir (varieties)
Kadambe Manthak-kaoroonthu, 225
Manja-kani, 1041—See:—Kani Manthori-kizhangu, 579—
Manj al, 415—See: —Kastori- See: —Kizhangu
manjal; Kattumanjal; Mara- Manthu—See: —^Nallamanthu
manjal; Kasturimanjal Manucha, 485
Manjal mulangi, 441—See: — Manu—See: —^Thiksnamanu;
Mulangi Peddamanu; " Sraigandlupu-
Manjapu, 857 manu (varieties)
Manjari—See: —Kharamanjari Manu-pasupu, 384; 414—See: —
Manjarie—See: —Arittaman- Pasupu
jarie Manya, 519
Manjariki, 861 Many spikqd Flacorita, 554—
Manjeti, 39 See: —Flacorita
Manjista, 1075 Manyunth, 1077
Manjit, 1075 Maochettu, 1198
Manjitti, 1075 Maoga—^See: —Peddamaoga
Manjunda, 569 Maogbira, 114
Mankachu, 72^—See:—Kachu Maogostane, 563
(varieties) Ma-oh, 486
Mankala—See:—^Kappuman - Maoz, 822
kala Maphal, 348
Mankand, 519 Maracata, A/208
Mankena—See: —Piliya- Marada arasina, 384—See:—
mankena Doddamara-darsina; Arasina;
Mankanda, 72—See:—Kanda Kadarasina
(varieties) Marada-uppu, M/88—See: —
Mankuni—See:—^Kudi- • Uppu
mankuni Marak. 1280
Manna, 1194 Marakalam, 1047—See: —
Mannadikay, 379 Kalam
 INDEX 857

Maraku—See: —Chitaka- Marigold—See: —French

maraku marigold
Maral, A/153 Mariguti, 609—See: —Guti
Maralingapi, 387 Marika-jhad, 280
Maramanjal, 187; 384—See: — Marilinga, 387—See: —Linga
.Manjal (varieties) Mari-manchedi, 1166—See: —
Marandi, 19 Manchedi
Marapasapoli, 451 Marina shell, A/158—See: —
Marara, 448 Shell (varieties)
Maratimogga, 1164 Mariro, 88
Maratitige, 1164 Marithondi, 730—See:—Thondi
Mara-uppu, M/8S^—See: — Maritige—See; —^Mandula-
Uppu (varieties) maritige
Maravara Tsjembu, 721 Marjau, A/156
Maravetti, 658 Marjavel, 685
Maravuli, 769 Marjoram—See: —Common
Marble, M/41 marjoram; Wild marjoram
March, 969 Markava, 469—See:—Kava
Marcha, 268 (varieties)
Marchu, 268 Marking-nut Tree, 1119
Marchuba, 153 Marlea, 770
Marda—See: —Vella-marda Marlei, 1193
Mardami, 764 Marlu-mutta, 1298-See: —
Mardu, 1211 Mutta
Maredi, 504 Marmandai, 988
Maredu, 45 Marmelo, 1038
Margemosha, M/15 MarodamphaU, 615
Marghipal, 1149—See:—Pal Marophali, 615
(varieties) Marori, 615
Margiyeh, 153 Marrau, 875
Margosa Tree, 776 Marri, 543
Margoiisier, 776 Marsa—See:—Chua-marsa
Marhe-matta, 1298 Marsada, 247
Mari, 543; 548—See:—Dad- Marsada boli, 247
mari; Dadumari; Nelammari; Marsh mallow root, 84—See: —
Peddimari; Pittamari; Roj- Mallow (varieties)
mari; Rusmari; Kagemari; Marsh Mint 788—See:—Mint
Kakmari; Pitmari (varieties)
Marich—See:—Gachmarich; Marthakai^-See: —^Kachitta-
Lanka-marich; Lavangian marthakai; Kai (varieties)
marich; Nepali-marich Martz, 969
Maricha—See: —Desho- Marubaka, 863
maricha; Sweta-maricha Marudamaram—See:—Vellai-
Maricham 969 maruda maram
Marichettu, 543 Marudam-pattai, 828
Marichiphalam, 268—See: — Marugu—See: —Chetni-
Phalam (varieties) marugu
55
 858 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Maruk-kallan-kai, 1047— Mashparni, 580—See:—Parni

See:—Kai (varieties') (varieties)
Marukozhunthu, 532 Mashparui, 1198—See:—^Parui
Marul-kalang, 1098—See: — (varieties)
Kalang (varieties) Mashtui-ghoul, 8—See: —
Marul-umathan, 1298—See: — Ghoul
Umathan Mashur, 433
Maru-tamtoli, 828—See: — Masina, 392; 743
Tamtoli Maslee, A/213
Maruthonri, 730—See:— Maslum, 1000
Thonri Massicot, M/86
Maruthu, 1198 Mastaki, 975—See:—Rumi-
Maruti—See: —Paeyemaruti mastaki
Marutiphal, 115 Mastaru, 141
Maruva, 723 Mastarusavi, 592
Maruvaka, 864 Mastiche—See: —East-Indian
'.Maruvamu, 875—See:—Mridu- or Bombay mastiche; Indian
maru-vama mastiche
Marvel, 103; 385—See: — Mastiche Tree, 973
Ghanya marvel Mastungi—See: —Rumi-
Marvel grass, 103 mastungi
Marvu, 875 Masur, 734
Marwa, 875 Masura, 734
Marwalyan huUu, 103 Masuri-dal, 734
Marwan, 12'/8 Masurika, 734
Marwarid, A/208 Mat, 172
Maryadvelo, 689 Matalam, 1032
Marzan gush, 875 Matar, 977—See:—Jangli- '
Masaing, 726 matar
Masandari, 235 Matayen, 607
Masang, 726 Matazor, 951
Masha, 940; 1219—See: — Mate-Kissi, 189—See:—Kissi
Mahamasha; Mansmasha; Mate Mangosteen, 566—See:—
Rajamasha; Swadamasha Mangosteen (varieties)
Mashani, 1198 Math, 88; 91; 937—See: —
Mashaparni, 161—See: —Parni Tambada math; Tambda
(varieties) math
Masha-parui, 1198—See: — Mathara, 235
Parui (varieties) Mati—See:—Chikni-mati; Lal-
giri-mati; Miromati; Mul-
Mashikaya, 1041 tani mati; Soratimati; Geru-
Mashinga-jhad, 811 mati; Girimati; Kharmati
Mashipatri, 592 Matije, 735
Mashkalai, 940—See:—Kalai Matisul, 734
(varieties) Matki, 937
Mash-kulay, 940—See:—Kulay Matnak, 1211
(varieties) Matsakanda, 1026—See: —
Masho, 1219 Kanda (varieties)
 INDEX 859

Matsya, A/140; A/213—See: — Mayalubhaji, 177—See: —

Ari-matsya Bhaji (varieties)
Mattaisal—See: —Pauri-mattai- Mayankai, 1318—See:—Kai
sal (varieties)
Mattanga-pillu, 476—See: — Mayikonnai, 230—See: —
PiUu , Kormai (varieties)
Matta-paltiga, 686—See: — Mayil-tuttam, M/52—See: —
Paltiga Tuttam (varieties)
Mattar, 726; 977—See: — Mayil-tuttu, M/52—See: —
Desi mattar Tuttu
Matthi, 1211 Mayura tuttham, M/52—See:—
Matti, 503—See:—Billimatti; Tuttam (varieties)
Holematti; Karimatti; Kira- Mayir-mamkkam, 1138—See: —
matti; Paikummatti; Pek- Mamkkam
kommatti; Urumatti; Tor- Mayir-manikham, 1135—
matti See: —Manikham
Mattimara, 1211 Mayir-manikkam, 1138—See:—
Mattipal, 57—See:—Pal (varie- Manikkam
ties) May-kay, 821
Mattisa, 268 Mayura—See: —Nilamayura
Mattisa-wangru, 26^—See: — Mayurashikha, 44
Wangru Mayura tutham, M/52—See: —
Mattur Bachhale, 1164—See: — Tuttham (varieties)
Bachhale (varieties) Mayur-sikha, 38; 297
Matulang, 348 Mazerion, 354
Mature tea tree, 284—See: — Mazerium-e-hindi, 354—See: —
Tea-plant; Jawa-tea; Maxi- Hindi (varieties)
can-tea Mazri, 839
Maua, 179 Mazu, 1041
Maualu, 449 Meadow Saffron, 622—See: —
Maulsari, 801 Saffron (varieties)
Maur, A/213 "Mealies", 1305
Maura, 1278 Meat, bird's—See:—Bird's
Maurabikh, 23—See:—Bikh meat
Mauri, 557 Meatjuice, A/142
Mauritius Plum, 555—See: — Meat of deer, A/141
Plum (varieties) Meat soup, A/141; A/142
Mavalinga, 348 Meat, white—See:—White
Mavi—See: —Vishamavi meat
Mavina-hannu, 764 Mecca Balm—See:—Balm of
Mavi-witthil, 750 Mecca
Mavu, 764; 765—See:—Kajla- Mechitta, 299
mavu; Kappa-mavu; Arti- Meda, 595; 748; 756—See: —
mavu Mahameda
Mawa, 1278 Medasak, 748—See:—Sak
Mawal, 297 (varieties)
Maya-ki-baji, 177—See:—Bhaji Medday Keerai, 159—See:'—
(varieties) Keerai (varieties)
 S60 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Medhika, 1240 Melon Piimpkin, 4 0 8 — S e e : -

Medi, 548—See:—Mulagoli- Pumpkin (varieties)
medi Melpodi—See: —Chivan-
Medicinal charcoal, M/46— melpodi
See:—Charcoal (varieties) Memadi, 568
Mediciner d'Espagne, 708 Memadi-Tamalamu, 568—
Medicinier, 705 See: —^Tamalamu
Medizinische Hefe, 303 Me-mahaul, 520—See;—
Mee, 181 Mahaul
Meenaennay, A/231—See: — Mena, 560
Ennei; Ennay (varieties) Menasinakai, 268—See: —
Meena-harma, 172—See: — Donne-menashinakai; Kai
Harma (varieties)
Meenanu, 360 Menasu—See:—Bal-menasu;
Meenu, A/213 Gandha-menasu; VoUay-
Meetakamarunga, 164 menasu; Kempu-menasu
<Meetha-teUia, 23—See: — (varieties)
• TeUia Menasu, Kempu, 268—See:—
Meghvarna, 516 Menasu
Mehedi, 730 Menda, 748
Mehndi, 730—See:—Faugli- Mendaphal, 1047
inehndi; Velayti-mehendi; Mendhi, 730
Vilayati-mehndi Mendi, 730—See:—Gul-mendi;
Meho, 338 Jungli-mendi
Mehudi, 91 Mendika, 730
Meihsila, 747—See: —Sila Mendru—See:—Ban-mendru
Meinkara, 1221—See:—Kara Mengkop, 563
(varieties) Mengut, 563
Meiyon, A/167 Menphal, 1047
Mekamuaduga, 690 Mente-Sauvage, 790—See:—
Mekanada, 91 Sauvage
Mekhaka, 835 MentKe, 1240
Mekkejola, 1304—See:—Jola
Mekke—kayi, 335—See: — Mentulu, 1240
Hara-mekki-kayi; Kai Meradu, 998
(varieties) Meral, 481
Mekki—See: —Hal-mekki; Mera-singi, 596—See:—Singi
Hara-mekki-kaya (varieties)
Melanein, 947—See:—Nelli Merchubeh, 153
(varieties) Merchya, 107
Melanthion, 855
Mellugu, A/151 Mercure, M/67
Melon, 402—See:—Musk- Mercurials (Parpatis), A/182
melon; Sweet-melon; Water- Mercuric or Mercury Sulphide
melon —See:—Sulphide of Mer-
Melond-eau pasteque, 338 cury, etc
Melonegurke, 402 Mercury, M/55; M/67—See:—
Melonenbaum, 273 Minium-hke Mercury
 INDEX 861

Meri-arishippal, 747—See:— Milagai, 268; 270

Arishippal Milagaranai, 1221
Meritondi, 730r-See:—Tondi Milagu, 969—See:—Kuru-
Merkur, M/67 milagu
Merom met, 868 Milagu-takkali, 1152—See:—
Mem, A/153 Takkah (varieties)
Mesh, A/212 Milakil, 573
Mesha, A/212 Mil-he-tabazard, M/108
Meshasrfngi, 596—See:— Milhuls-aajin., M/109
Sringi Milhunnar, M/11
Mesta, 632 Milk, A/171—See:—Ass'milk;
Mestapat, 628 Curdled milk; Evaporated
Mesua Naghas, 792~See:— milk; Lactic acid milk; Pas-
Naghas teurised milk; Powdered-
Methhi, 731 — See:—Padche- milk; Protein milk; Skimmed
m,ethi; Ranmethi; Vana- milk; Skim-milk; Condensed
methi; Ranmethy milk; Human milk; Goat's
Methi, 557; 1240—See:—Ban- milk; Peptonised milk
methi; Jungli-methi Milk-hedge, 529—See:—Com-
Methica, 557—See:—Bana- mon milk-hedge; Hedge
methica; Vanamethika Milkisse, 191
Mettata-mara, 255; 283 Milk sugar, A/176; A/217—
Metthi, 1240 See:—Sugar of Milk
Mewri, 1278 Milk tree—See:—Tiger's milk-
Mexican poppy, 133-»-See:— tree
Poppy (varieties) Millet—See:—American Barn-
Mexican tea, 305—See:—Tea yard millet; Barn-yard mil-
(varieties) let; Broom-corn millet; Corn
Mexican wonderBower, A/203 millet; Bullrush millet; Cat-
—See:—Wonderflower tail millet; Foxtail miHet;
Mhach, A/191 Hungarian millet; Indian
Mhar, 476 millet; Italian millet; Pearl
Mhaskel, 822 millet; Small-millet; Spiked
Mhasvel, 1282 millet; Common millet
Mhatara, 1159 Millet rond, 898
Mhendi—See:—Mehndi
Mhoti tilavana, 599—See:— Millikkai, 1156—See:—Kai
Tilavana (varieties) (varieties)
Mhou, A/191 Millipu, 704
Miahsayelaha, 747 Milpori—See:—Co vannamil-
Mibe, 121 pori
Mica, M/93; M/123~See:— Mimarira, 1055
White mica; Sweta mica Mimbataru, 508
Miettie, A/151 Mimbu, 563
Mihijam, 1309
Mimbuka—See:—Vanamim-
Mijrikamvil, 875 buka
Mikkotiu, 104 Mimulus moschatus, A/203
 «G2 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Mimusope Elengi, 800—See:— Mirapa-singa, 268—See:—

Elengi Singa (varieties),
Min, A/151—See:—Anemin; Mirch, ,268—See:—Ban-mirich;
Tilmin Garho-mirch; Gulmirch;
Mina, A/151—See:—Thazavn- Kankol mirch; Kali mirch;
mina Jungli kali mirch
Minamaram, 809 Mircha, 268
'Minas ipecacuanha', 1023— Mirchai, 688; 689
See:—Ipecacuanha (varie- Mirchi, 268—See:—B h o p 1 a-
ties) mirchi; Kafri-mirchi; Lavan-
Mindhala, 1047 gi-mirchi; Kali mirchi
Mindiri appazham, 96—See:— Mirch-wangum, 268—See:—
Appazham Wangum
|idindiri paruppu, 96—See:— Miri, 969—Himsimiri; Kala-
'- Paruppu; Uppu (varieties) miri; Pokala-miri; Tademiri;
Mindukolla, 1047—See:—Kolla Taramiri
JVIineral pitch, M/23—See:-^ Mirich or Mirichi— See:—Ban-
Pitch (varieties) mirich; Mirch; Gachmirichi;
Mineral Stone, M/97 Golmirich; Kalimirich; Kalo-
Mingut, 524 mirich; Lalmirichi; Jungli
Minguta, 524—See:—Dihu- Kalimirichi
minguta Miris, 268—See:—Kalu-miris
Miniak-bijan, 1127—See:— Miriyalu, 969—See:—Chalava-
Bijan miriyalu; Tokamiriyalu
Miniak Chandana, 1098—See: Miromati, 999—See:—Mati
—Chandana (varieties) (varieties)
Miniakjarah, 1065—See:— Mirri, 957
Jarah Mirsang, 268
Minium, M/86 Mirsinga, 268—See:—Singa
Minium-like mercury, M/75— (varieties)
See:—Mercury Miryala-tige, 969—See?-i^-Tige
Minjurgorwa, 1280—See:— (varieties)
Gorwa Misa, M/47
Minkhuabin, 662 Mishamitita, 376—See:—Tita
Mint, 788—See:—Marsh Mint; (varieties)
Spearmint; Wild mint Mishk, A/196—See:—Tukhm-
Minumber, A/138 ferungmishk; Faranjmishk;
Minumu, 940 Ferungmishk
Minvajaram, A/135—See:— Mishka—See:—Kabbumishka
Vajaram (varieties) Mishkdana, 626—See:—Dana
Mipanny, A/191 (varieties)
Mirabilis longiflora, A/203 Mishk-i-Taramashia, 1315—
Miraju-maka, 734—See:— See:—^Taramashia
Maka (varieties) Mishk-i-taramshi, 740—See:—
Miranda, 473 Taramshi
Mirapa, 270 Mishmis, 1014
Mirapakaya, 268 Mishram, 927
 INDEX 863

Mishtabakatu, 622 Mlecha-gandha, 65—See:—

Misraka, M/116 Gandha (varieties)
Misroya, 935 Mlechca-phala, 365
Mistletoe, 1276 Mlechha-muka, M/47
Misur-pappu, 734—See:— Mo, 75
Pappu (varieties) Mochai, 461
Mochaka, 822
Misur-purpur, 734—See:—
Purpur Mochika—See:—Hilamochika
Mith»-See:—Kalamith Mochkand, 469
Modagorii, 592
Mitha—See:—Khatta-mitha;
Moddacoatan, 271
Shora-mitha Modera-kanni, 655—See:—
Mitha akalakara, 1037—See:— Kanni (varieties)
Akalakara Modhan, 923
Mitha-akarkara, 1037—See:— Modi, 965
Akarakara Modipatu, 545
Mitha-alu, 684—See:—Alu Modira-caniram, 1173—See:—
(varieties) Caniram
Mitha-amritphal, 346—See:— Modirakanni, 1173—See:—
Amritaphala Kanni (varieties)
Mitha Indrajava, 1296—See:— Moduga, 222
Indrajav (varieties) Modugo, 508
.Mithakaddu, 407—See:— Mogalinga-maram, 1114,
Kaddu (varieties) Mogari, 1049
Mithalimbu, 346—See:—Limbu Mogbeeraku, 114
(varieties) Moghli-erendi, 705—See:—
Mitha-nebu; 346—See:—Nebu Erendi
(varieties) Mogidam, 801
Mitha-nimbu, 346—See:— Mogili, 894
Nimbu (varieties) Mogla, 167
Mitha-Tabu, 1318—See:—Tabu Mogli-erand, 396—See:—
Mitha-tel, 1126—See:—Tel Erand
(varieties) Mogra, 703—See:—Birinj-
Mithavish, 23—See:—Vish mogra
Mithazahar, 23; 28—See:— Mogre—See:—Jayiche-mogre;
Zahar Kasturi-mogre
Mithidiar, 1091 Mogri—See:—Ranmogri; Vis-
Mithi-jira, 955—See:—Jira mogri; Batmogri
(varieties) Mogrikah—See:—Mooloo-
Mithilakdi, 582 mogrikah
Mitho-tel, 1126—See:—Tel Moha—See:—Jangli-moha;
(varieties) Karmoha
Mithun, M/109 Moha pana, 156—See:—^Pana
Mitti—See:—Chiknimitti; (varieties)
Gherumitti; Ghermumitti; Mohar, 938
Sufaid mitti; Suganda mitti; Mohari, 215
Kharyainitti Mohecha, 179
 864 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Mohori, 216 Mooah, 810

Mohori-pandri, 213 Moochukunda, 1027—See:—
Mohra, 23—See:—Zehar- Kunda (varieties)
mohra; Zera-mohra Moochy Wood Tree, 508—See:
Mohri, 22; 28 —Wood tree (varieties)
Mohti-tilavana—See:—Tila- Mooda-cottan, 271
Mooduga, 222
vana; Tilvan etc. (varieties)
Mohua, 181 Moog, 939—See:—Bhui-mug;
Mohuva, 181 Kala-moog; Ran-mug; Mug
Mohuz, 730 (varieties)
Mokhan, 1113 Moogama, 1186
Mokhil, 167 Moohoodoo, 446
Mokka-jonna, 1304—See:— Mool—See:—Goglemool; Gog-
Jonna limool Piplimool; Satodimool;
Mokta, 'A/208 Sfetshimool
Molagty, 268 Moola, 1049—See:—Chandra-
Molak-kayi, 1149—See:—Kai moola; Gajapippalee-moola;
or Kayi (varieties) Dolimoola; Pahadamooia;
Pushkaramoola
MoUusk-a fresh water, A/166—
See:—Water-mollusk Moolaka, 1049—See:—
. 'Moltani' Hing, 537—See:— Tellamoolaka
Hing (varieties) Moolinee, 150
Molucca bean, 226—See:— Mooloomogrikah, 508—See:—
Beans (varieties) « Mogrikah
Mom, A/151 Moolughoodu, 810—See:—
Momadruchopandiga, 20 Ghoodu
Momchina, 1104 Moon-creeper—See:—Chinese
Moniiai, M/23 moon-creeper
Momordique charantia, 805 Moong, 939
Mondaing, 750 Moongil, 172—See:—Visha-
Mondukalli, 529—See:—Kalli moongil
(varieties) Moongilarisi, 172—See:—Arisi
Mong, 822 (varieties)
Mongoose Plant, 872 MoongUuppu, 172—See:—
Monitor, A/233 Uppu (varieties)
Monkey, A/191 Moonguli—See:—^Vishamoon-
guli
Monkey-bread tree of Africa,
38 Moonseed—See:—Heart-
Monkey face tree, 760 leaved moonseed
Monkey nut, 121 Moonthamamidivittu, 96
Monkshood, 23; 28 Moordoo, 446
Monoxide of Lead, M/86—See: Moosali—See:—Semal moosali;
—Lead monoxide Mosali
Monsha—See:—Teshira- Mooshakami, 690—See:—
monsha K a m i (varieties)
Monstrous pepper, 270—See:— Moothoo, 428
Pepper (varieties) Mooyarpul, 425
 INDEX 865.

Moql, 167 Mote-veldode, 93—See:—

Mora—See:—Karmora Veldode
Mora-ageru, 281—See:—^Ageru Motha 446—See:—Barik-
Morang-ilachi, 92-^See:— motha; Nagara-motha; N a -
Ilachi garmotha
Moranna, 19 Mothalkanta, 686—See:—
Morasa, 1183 Kanta (varieties)
Moravela, 350 Mothan gokhru, 926—See:—
Moringa a grainestripteres, 811 Gokhru (varieties)
Mormassi, 281 Motha siris, 60—See:—Siris
Mormuj, 441 (varieties)
Morourak, 652 Mothee—See:—Nagarmothee
Morpankhi, 38 Mothe-gokhru, 926—See:—
Morta, U25 Gokhru (varieties)
Mor-tutta, M/52—See:—Tutla Motheli, 822
Morugphul—See:—Safed Mothenga, 719
morugphul Mother-of-Pearl, A/211—See::
Morunda, 3 —Pearl
Moras, A/145 Mothi, 965
Morwa, 1098 Mothi bathi, 127
Mosaic gold, M/115—See:— Mothikunile, 817
Gold Motho-araduso, 56
Mosali, 411—See:—Semal Moti, A/208
lUfOosali; Moosali Motichunch, 377—See:—
Moscharia pinnatifida, A/203 Chunch
Moschata—See;—Rosa mos- Motighol, 1006—See:—Ghol
chata Motilane, 1091
Moschatus—See:—Ovibos Motirakanni, 655—See:—
moschatus Kanni (varieties)
Moschosma species, A/203 Moti ringani, 1149—See:—
Moschoxylon swartzii, A/203 Ringani (varieties)
Moshi, 130; 698 Motisimp, A/211—See:—Simp
MosHipatri, 141 i Motisodori, 1270
Mosquito Plant of South Motitrina, 1253
Africa, 865 Motiya, 702
Mosru, A/179 Moto, 926
Motobor, 468—See:—Bor
Moss-—See:—Ceylon moss; Edi- (varieties)
ble moss; Irish moss; Rock- Moto-elachi, 93—See:—Elachi
moss; Irlandis-chesmoss (varieties)
Mosse d' Irelande, 310 Moto-eldori, 93—See:—Eldori
Mota-bandara, 723—See:— Moto pipar, 117—See:—Pipar
Bandara Moto sarsio, 797—See:—Sarsio-
Mota-behedi-Janelet, 1256 Motosatado, 203—See:—Satado-
Mota-bon, 723 Mottenga—See:—^Pee-
Mota Karmal, 448—See:— mottenga
Karmal (varieties) Mottey, A/162
SG6 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Motuku—See:—Tellamotuku Muchi-tanki, 454—See:—

Motunimbu, 346—See:—Nimbu Tanki
(varieties) Muchkand, 1027—See:—Kand
Motvah, 810 (varieties)
Mountain Ebony, 937—See:— Much-kund, 1027
Ebony Muchugoni, 1228
Mountain hemp, 669—See:— Muchu-kunda, 1026; 1027—
Hemp (varieties) See:—^Kunda (varieties)
Mourola, A/216 Mudadashringi, M/86—See:—
Mouse, A/206 Shringi (varieties)
Moussede CodLne, 571 Mudakithan, 27J
Mousse parlee, 310 Mudang, 422
Moutarde clanche, 213 Mudar, 237
Moutarde noire, 216; 1140 Mudarsingu, M/86—See:—
Mouz,^822 Singu
Mow^a, 179—See:—Mango; Mudarsinka, M/86
Red mango Muddi—See:—Yellamuddi
Mowda or Kali-mango, 221— Mudga, 939—See:—Banmudga
See:—^Mango; Red mango Vanamudga; Aranyamudga
Mowtha— See:—Nagarmo.wtha Mudgaparni, 942—See:—Parni
Moyna, 1264 (varieties)
Moyui, 548 MudgavaUi, 940
Mridirka, 1285 Mudgu^-See:—Aranyamudgu
Mridu, M/55 Mudiri-kai, 96—See:—Kai or
Mridu-maru-vama, 875—See:— Kayi (varieties)
Maruvamu Mudivala, 109—See:—Vala
Mrigamadha, A/196—See:— (varieties)
Madha Mudiyakunthal, 691
Mriganabhi, A/196—See:— Mudraka, 1285
Nabhi (varieties) Mudrika—See:—Jangh-
Mriga-Shiga, 615—See:—Shiga mudrika
Mrigashringa, 615—See:— Mudumula, 522—See:—Mula
Shringa ^ (varieties)
Mrigasring, A/152—See:— Mug—See:—Ranmug; Bhui-
Sring mug; Kala-moog; Moog
Mrittika or MrutUka—See:— (varieties)
Krishnamrittika; Saurastra Mugali—See:—Vanamugah
mruttik^, Mugani, 942
Mua, A/230 Mugavaine, 940
Mrithikaf or—See: —Krishna- Mugavel, 940
Mughatei—See:—Naga-
mrittika; Saurastra mruttika
mughatei
Mubarak, 44 Mugra, 704—See:—Chaul-
Mubaraka, 43 mugra; Small chaulmugra
Mucha—See:—Kala-mucha Mugrela, 855
Muchchala—See: —Nala- Mugwort, 141
muchchala Muhri, 938
 INDEX 867

Muhuri, 955—See:—Pan- Mulatrina, 107

muhuri Mulberry, 917— See:—Indian
Muka-jali, 465—See:—Jali Mulberry; White mulberry
(varieties) Mulcacha Sonamakki, 287—
Mukhitaha, 379 See:—Sonamakki
Mukka-jauri, 1304—See:— Mulei, 535
Jauri Muli, 1049 — See:—Hafmuli;
Mukfealpiram, 820 Belikamuli; Chamamuli; Da-
Mukkaratai, 203 samuli; Divalimuli; Farid-
Mukki, 565 muli; Jangalimuli; Kodimuli;
Mukkopeera, 924 Nirmuli; Negamuli; Sata-
Mukta, A/20&—See:—Rukta- muli; Satmuli; Shatamuli;
Mukta Talamuli
Mukta-Jhinuk, A/211—See:— Mulika —S e e :—Talamulika;
Jhinuk Chandramulika
Muktajhuri, 17—See:—Jhuri Mul ilavan, 208—See:—Ilavan
Mukta-sukti, A/211—See:— Mulim, 579
Sukti Mulin, 876
Muktikam, A/208 Mulla—See:—Trikala-mulla
Mukukrattai, 203 MuUamusti, 1153—See:—Musti
Mukul, 167 (varieties)
Mukura, 801 Mullangi, 1049—See :—Kattu-
Mukuthipundu, 1270—See:— muUangi
Pundu (varieties) Muilanvellari, 403—See:—
Mukuya, 942 Vellari (varieties)
Mula, 1049 — See:—Cliandu- Mullayvempu, 784—See:—
mula; Chitramula (varie- Vempu
ties); Airanmula; Arkamula; Mullein—See:—Great Mullein
Gandhamula; Gokurnamula; "MuUi", 1150 — See:—Kari-
Ichchuramula; Mahamula;
mulli; Nalla-muIIi; Neer-
Mudumula; Ruhimula; Va-
kerimula; Vijramula; Visha- muUi; Paparamulli; Pappara-
mula; Pushkaramula mulli; Shemmulli
Mulabeeja, 1049 MuUu—See—Paparamullu
Mulaga, 811 MuUu-galli, 873—See:—Galli
Mulagolimedi, 735—See:— (varieties)
Medi Mullugojal, 219—See:—Gojal
Mula-gu, 965 MuUugoranta, 175—See:—
Mulaippalavirai, 282—See:— Goranta
Virai (varieties) MuUugundu, 701—See—Gundu
Mulaka—See:—Kur umulaka ; (varieties)
Nelamulaka; Pinnamulaka MuUuhonne, 219—See:—
Mulal, 226 Honne (varieties)
Mulangi—See:—Manj al MuUulavamarum, 208—See:—
mulangi Lavamarum
Mulasari, 725 MuUusavte, 403—See:—Savte
Mulathee, 582 MuUuvellari, 403—See:—
Mulati, 5 Vellari (varieties)
S68 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

MuUu-vengai, 219—See:— Mandu

Vengai Munuguda-maramu, 799i
Mulo, 1049 Munwairingu, 1304
Mulsari, 800 Mupen, 486
Multani mati, M/7; M/10; Muphal; 1041
M/94; M/95—See:—Mati Mupparisavalli, 924
(varieties) Mur, A/213
Mulukutakali, 1151—See:— Mura, 509
Takali Murad, 838
Mumudatu, 265 Muradasinge, 615—See:—
Munaga, 811 Singe
Munagacha-jhad, 811 Murahri, 1098
Munai—See:—Kasturi-munai Murba, 1098
Munchi—See:—^Kakmunchi Murdarsing, M/84—See:—
Mundam, M/55 Sing (varieties)
Mundi, 1163 — See:—C o t i - Murdosing, M/86—See:—
rfjundi; Gorakmundi; Gul- Sing (varieties)
iiiundi Murga — See:—Lal-m u r g a;
Mundige, 894 Safed murga; Svetmurga
Mundiri Kottae, 96—See:— Swet murgha
Kottae (varieties) Murgal-mara, 566
Munditika, 1162 Murgha—See:—Sufed murgha;
Mundlaboorugachettu, 207— Swet murgha
See:—Boorugachettu Murginahuli-mara, 566
Mundwal, 442 Muri, 1049—See:—Ishvai-amuri
Munemal, 801 Murial-tiga, 972—See:—Tiga
Mung, 939—See:—J a n g 1 i - (varieties)
mung; Satmung; Velati- Muriate of Soda, M/109—See:
mung —Soda (varieties)
Munga, A/156—See:—Koran- Muriate of Sodium, M/109—,
gumunga See:—Sodium, muriate
Mungas, 1153 Muricha—See:—Sugandah-
Munge-ka-jhad, 811 muricha
Mungphali, 121 *- Murina, 811
Mungusvel, 872 Muripindi, 18—See:—Pindi
Munigangaravi, 630 — See:— (varieties)
Ravi (varieties); Gangaravi Miirkampoo, 222
(varieties) Murkula, 771—See:—Kula
Munigha, 811 (varieties)
Muima-takali-pullum, 1152 — Murmuria, 1162
See:—TakalipuUum Muro, 1049
Mimnay, 1010 Murooa, 477
Munni-vayz, 1010—See:—Vayz Murr, 170
Munniyenzi, 1140—See:— Murra, 422
Yenzi Murru, 875
Muimo—See:—Choontoo- Murududu—See:—Bandi-
munnoo murududu
Munta-mandu, 446—See:— Murukka-maram, 222
 INDEX 869

Murukkan—See:—Kodi- Mushika, A/206

murukkan Mushk, A/196 — See:—Bed-
Murukkanmaram, 222 mushk; Bede-mushk; Firanj-
Murukku, 509 mushk; Hubbul m.ushk; Pha-
Murunga, 811—See:—Kataru- ranja mushk
murunga Mushka—See:—^Naramushka
Murungai, 811—See:—Gai Mushk-amper, A/138—See:—
(varieties) Amper
Murungamul, 811 Mushk-bhendike-jij, 626—See:
Murungi, 811 . —Bhendike-jij
Murunna, 811 Mushk-dana, 626—See:—Dana
Muruta gass, 723 (varieties)
Murute, 723 Mushkh-i-wali, 1260
Muruva, 1098 Mushkiara, 1096
Murva, 1098 Mushkwalee, 1259
Murvel, 1098
Murwo, 875 Mushroom—See:—E 1 v o r m -
Musabar, 75—See:—Bar mushroom; Bamboo mush-
(varieties) room; Oyster mushroom
Musabbar, 73—See:—Bar Mushroom oyster—See:—
(varieties) Oyster mushroom
Musadi—See:—Nagamusadi Musht-as-ghonl, 1137
Miisal, 1283 Mushti—See:—Vishamushti;
Musale—See:—Black musale Tungamusti
Musali, A/165; 411 Mushtivittulu, 1175—See:—
Musalikand, 411—See:—Kand Vittulu (varieties)
(varieties) Musimusikkayi, 820,—See:—
Musalkadhuk-kirai, 685—See: Kai or Kayi (varieties)
—Kirai (varieties), Musk, A/196 — See:—Assam
Musambar, 75 musk; China or Chinese
Musambar—See:—Bar musk; Kamrup musk; Kash-
(varieties) mira musk; Nepala-musk;
Musambar am, 75 Russian-rnusk; Tibet-musk;
Musanbar, 73—See:—Bar Tonkin-musk
(varieties) Muska, A/178
Muscadier, 830 Musk-duck, A/202—See:—
Muschelblume-schwimmende, Duck
976 Muskezamin, 427
Muscovy glass, M/123—See:— Muskh-zamin, 446
Glass Musk-mallow, 626—See:—
Muscunda, 1027 Mallow (varieties)
Mush, A/206 Musk melon, 402; 408—See:—
Mushaippeyeitti, 748 Melon (varieties)
Mushakani, 690—See:—Kani Musk-root, 840
(varieties) Musk-scented Rose, 1073—See:
Mushak-dana, 626—See:—Dana —^Rose (varieties)
(varieties) Musk wood, A/203
 870 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Musli—See:—^Kala-musli; Kali- ramutti; Chittamutti; Amuttt

musli; Sadamusli; Safed- (varieties); Puramutti
musli; Safeta-musli; Siyah- Muttia-lata, 609
musli; Sufed musli Muttikari M/46—See:—Karl
Musna, 1104 (varieties)
Musque, 830 Muttu, A/208—See:—Niradi-
Mussan, 698 muttu; Niradimutu
Mussulkund, 411 Muttuge, 222
Mus Sumbra, A/138—See:— Muttu-palagamu, 925
Sumbra Muttura, 235
Musta, 427; 428; 719 Muttuva, 1134
Mustaka, 427; 428—See:— Muya, 868
Nagarmustaka Myehscik, 128
Mustaki—See:—Kabuli- Myepe, 121
mustaki Mylabris beetle, A/206—See:—
MuEStanpat, 392—See:—Pat Beetle
Y (varieties) Myle conday> 156
Mustard — See:—Black mus- Mylellu, 1278—See:—Ellu
tard; Brown mustard; Dog- (varieties)
mustard; White-m u s t a r d; Myogal moschatr., A/202
Wild-mustard; Common-In- Myrobalan, 1205 — S e e :—
dian mustard Arjuna myrobalan; Beleric
Mustaru, 592 myrabolan; Chebulic myro-
Muste, 427 balan; Emislic myrobalan
Mustela foina, A/202 Myrrh, 170
Musti — See:— Bhadramusti; Myrte, 838
Mullamusti; Nagamusti Myrtle, 838—See:—Box-
Musu, A/171 myrtle
Musumbi, 346 Mysore Gamboge Tree, 565—
Musumusukkai, 220; 820—See: See:—Gamboge tree
—Kai or Kayi (varieties)
Mutal—See:—Kari-mutal
Mutha, 428
Mutheera pulagam, 1138—See: Naanai-hindi, 788—See:—Hindi
—Pulagam (varieties)
Mutheli, 822; 823 Naasuganni, 818—See:—Ganni
Mutiamu, A/208 (varieties)
Mutira, 458 Nabar, 1064
Mutra, A/232 . Naba-tuna-Milaja, 681 •
Mutransialian, 427 Nabhi—See:—Adavinabhi;
Mriganabhi; Vatsanabhi
Muitta—See:—Marlu-mutta Nabhi-ankuri, 1153
Muttagamara, 222—See:— Nabiyalbone, 1255
Gamara Nachchuruppan, 1252
Mutta-kachi, 427—See:—Kachi Nachikay-gida, 699
Muttan—See:—Karimuttan Nachni, 477
—See:—Pulagamuchettu -Nachuta, 349
Mutti—See:—Chitimutti; Sir- Nacre, A/211
 INDEX 87L

Nadena, 1282 Naga-kesara, 792—See:—

Nadi-hingu, 569—See:—^Hingu Kesara (varieties)
Nadika, 377—See:—Hinguna- Nagaladudheli, 430—See:—
dika Dudheli
Nadinishpava, 424—See:— Nagam, M/130 — See:—Pun-
Nispava nagam; Tutanagam; Tuttu-
Naelaponna, 287—See:—^Ponna nagam (varieties)
(varieties) Nagamalli, 1059—See:—Malli
Naelatadi-chettu, or gadda, 411 (varieties)
Naelavaminta, 351—See:— Nagamughatei, 685—See:—
Vaminta (varieties) Mughatei
Naepala, 396—See:—Pala Nagamusadi, 1173; 1182—Seer
(varieties) —Musadi
Naepal-vaema, 396—See:— Nagamusti, 1173—See:—Musti
Vaema (varieties)
Naeraedu, 517 Nagappoo — See:—Siru-
Naeralay, 517 nagappoo
Naeralu — See:—Malenaeralu; Nagap-pu, 861
Pannaeralu Nagapu, 932—See:—Cheru-
Naervalam, 396—See:—Valam nagapu
(varieties) Nagara, 1308
N a g—See:—^Karianag; Kha- Nagaram, 1308
dyanag; Raktanag; Vuchnag; Nagara-motha, 427—See:—
Bishnag; Pimnag Motha (varieties)
Naga, M/83; M/517—See:-^ Nagarkali, 873—See:—Kali
Tuttinaga; Punnaga; Vella- (varieties)
naga Nagar motha, 430—See:—
Nagaarjundudhi, 524—See:— Motha (varieties)
Dudhi (varieties) Nagarmothee, 428—See:— •
Nagabala, 1138—See:—Bala Mothee
(varieties) Nagarmowtha, 430—See:—
Nagachampakam, 792—See:— Mowitha
Champakam Nagar mustaka, 430—See:—
Naga-dali, 873 Mustaka
Nagadamani, 144—See:— Naga Sambhava, M/86—See:—
Damani Sambhava
Naga-danti, 166; 617~See:— Nagasampige, 792—See:—
Danti (varieties) Sampige (varieties)
Nagadona, 144—See:—Dona Nagashap-pu, 792
Nagadonda, 219—See:—Donda Nagasugandha, 872—See:—
Nagadouna, 144—See:—Douna Sugandh (varieties)
Naga golunga, 821—See:— Nagavalii, 960; 961
Golunga Nagbail, 1280—See:—Bail
Nagai—See:—Nazel-nagai Nagbo, 790
Nagajamudu, 873—See:— Nagchampa, 236—See:—
Jamudu (varieties) Champa (varieties)
Nagakaria, 579—See:—^Karia Nagachampakam—See:—
(varieties) Champakam (varieties)
•872 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

jSTagchampe, 792—See:— Naitakkilay, 352—See:—

Champe Takkile
ISTagdanti, 708—See:—Danti Nai tulasi, 863—See:—Tulasi
-Nagdowan, 389—See:—Dowan (varieties)
Nagdowna, 299—See:—^Downa Naivela, 599
Nagesar, 792 Naji, 1027
Naggesurpu, 861 Nak, 1038—See:—Bishnak
Haghas—See:—Mesua naghas Nakasinkani, 299
aSTaghzak, 765 Nakchikni, 465—See:—
Nagi, 201 Chhikani; Chikni
Naginka-patta, 389—See:— Nakdown, 153
Patta (varieties) Nakhala, A/135; A/166
ITagkesara, 792—or Nagkeshax-, Nakhari, 687
860—See:—Kesara (varie- Nakhud, 311
ties) Nakhwah, 280
Nagli, 477 Nakkaeru, 379
Naglkud, 1190 Nakk-chliikni, 299—See:—
NagSlval, 872—See:—Val Chhikani
(varieties) Nakkipoo, 617
Nagoda, 1278 Nakkukaruppan, 776
Nagphana, 872 Nakpatra, 691
Nagphani, 872; 1280 Naktamala, 1001—See:—
ITagpuri bachang, 28—See:— Tamala
Bachang Naktrasa, 1142
Nagpushpa, 792 Nakuli, 1088
Nagranga, 339—See:—Ranga Nai, 859
(varieties) Nalagu, 732
Nagtali, 873—See:—Tali Nala tige, 445—See:—Tige
(varieties) (varieties)
INagum, 517—See:—Punnagum Nala-userekee, 947—See:—
Nagvallii 827 Userekee
Nagvelli, 872—See:—Velli Nalha-damar, 1133—See:—
TMahani, 1260 Damar (varieties)
INTahani Kanvar, 75—See:— Nali, 628
Kanvar (varieties) Naliar, 363
TNTahani Khapat, 7—See:— Nalichi bhaji, 684—See:—
Kiapat Bhaji (varieties)
Waliikuddaghu, 351 Nalitapat, 378—See:—Pat
Isfahusi, 1127 (varieties)
Nai, 172—See:—Karwai-nai; Nalivalli—See:—Pe-nali valli
Rasna Nai Nallajilakara, 855—See:—
Naibel, 742—See:—Bel Jilakara
(varieties) Nalla-kalava, 859—See:—
TNTai-chette, 1270 Kalava
TMaidilay—See:—Bile-naidilay Nallamada, 165—See:—Mada
Naikkodai, 51 (varieties)
Nainehavandi, 101 Nallamaddi, 1211—See:—
Nairuri, 517 Maddi (varieties)
 INDEX 873

Nallamanthu, 902—See:— Nandi-chettu, 294

Manthu Nandibriksha, 294
Nalla-mulli, 704—See:—Mulli Nandireka, 545
(varieties) Nandivardhanamu, 1189
Nallanochili, 572—See:— Nandi-vraksha, 294; 1189
Nochili Nandiyavertam, 1189
Nallapvirugudu, 947—See;— Nandru, 951
Purugudu; Phulsamallapu- Nandruk, 545
rugudu Nandyavartha, 1260
Nalla-pusini, 407—See:—^Pusini Nangli, 477
NaUar, 1284 Nangulika, 579
Nallarenga, 797—See:—Renga Nan-i-Kulagh, 763—See:—
Nallarojen, 254—See:—^Rojen Kulag
Nallasominta, 1130—See:— Nani Sunkhali, 106—See:—
Sominta Sunkhali
Nalla-tapata, 1159—See:— Nanjamxirich-chan, 1252
Tapata Nanjaruppan, 1253
Nallatumma, 9—See:—^Tumma Nanjinkuru, 360—See:—^Kuru
(varieties) Nanjunda, 166
Nalla-vavili, 127&—See:— . Nanka—See:—Periyananka
Vavili (varieties) Nankhvah.—See:—Zinianas-
Nallenne, 1127—See:—Ennei or Nankhvah
Ennay (varieties) Nannaeni, 15
Nalleru, 1284 Nanna-ti, 99
Nallochangam, 165 Nan-ta-yok, 86
Nalpalai, 150—See:—Palai Nanthia-vatai, 1189
(varieties) Nanthia vattampu, 1189—See:
Nalugu, 733 —Vattampu (varieties)
Nalvalangee, 431 Napatki, 271
Nama, M/7 Napier's fodder, 930—See:—
Namadaberu, 619 Fodder
Namaeru, 236 Napiritta, 629
Namaeruak, 236 Napiya-bin, 822—See:—Bin
Namak, M/109—See:—Cour- (varieties) •
ka-namak; Jhas-ka-namak Nar—See:—^Malang-nar
Namake-Khurdam, M/109 Nara, 748
Namakesang, M/108 Narae-kaisar, 792—See:—
Namaskari, 799
Nambu, 776—See:—Chunnam,- Kaisar
bu; Dawoon-nambu; Narakam — See:— Malenara-
Namdit—See:—Vadli-namdit kam! Nelanarakam; Madala-
Namon, M/7 narakam; Madhuranarakam
Namuti, 592 Narakiya wood, 578
Nanabalu, 526 Narak-karandai, 202—See:—
Nan-bhantur, 395 Karandai (varieties)
Nanchano. 477—See:—Chano Naral, 363—See:-^Jahari-
Nandi, 691 naral
Nandia-vattampu, 1189—See:— Naralu, 474
56
874 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Naramushka, 861—See:— Narla-maddo, 363—See:—

Mushka Maddo (varieties)
Narang, 339—See:— Naro, 282
Cherunaranga Narphal, 946
Narangam, 339 Narputtio, 145
Narangamu, 339 Narr, 763
Narangi, 339 Narraalagi, 748
Narangka, 339 Narri, 999
Naranj, 339 Narsij, 522—See:—Sij
Naranji, 375 (varieties)
Naraseja, 522 Naru, A/147—See:—Kala-
Naravi,—See:—Pulinaravi. naru; Kalnaru
Narayanam—See:— Pade-na- Narumbele, 387
rayanam Narumpanel, 1255
Narde Indike, 840 Narunchana, 385—See:—
Nard Indien, 840 Ghana (varieties)
Naregan—See:—Nela-nar-egan Naru-ninti, 619—See:—Nin,t£
Ifereyr, 517 Naruvali, 380—See:—Vali
Nargandi—See:—Nili-nargandi (varieties)
Nargis, 839 Naruvili, 380
Nargumi, 160 Naruvilli, 379
Nari, 946—See:—^Bob-lar-nari Naruviri, 379
Manganari Narval—See:—Lahankhari
Nari balada huUu, 449 narval
Narikel, 363—See:—Kel (vari- Narvala, 387—See:—Vala
eties) (varieties)
Narikela, 363—See:—Kela Narvel, 517
(varieties) Narvela, 1271
Naringa—See:— Bhui-naringa- Nasabhaga, 933
Nelanaringa; Swadunaringa; Nashpati, 1038—See:—Pati
Sonnaringa Nasodu, 517
Naringu—See:— Nepanaringu; Nasona, 876
Nelanaringu Naspal, 1031—See:—Pal
Narippayaru, 942—See:— (varieties)
Payaru (varieties) Nasur Janghi, 1228—See:—
Nari-vengayam, 1257—See:— Janghi
Vengayam (varieties) Nata—See:—Prabhoo-nata
Nariyal, 363—See:—Daryaka
Nata fish, A/215—See:—Fish
nariyal
Narjil-banri, 749—See:—^Banri (varieties)
Narjil-i-Darayai, 749—See:— Nata-karanga, 1001—See:—
Darayai Karanja (varieties)
Nar-kachur, 1315—See:— Nata-karanja, 226; 229—See:—
Kachur (varieties) Karanja (varieties)
Narkachura, 414—See:— Ka- Nat-akrodu, 61—See:—Akhrot
chura Natarphal, 226
Nar Kya-uda-1170—See:— Nathamaram—See:—Peena-
Uda thamaram
 INDEX 875

Native calamine, M/131— Navsagar, M/11

See:—Calamine Navasagara, M/11
Native ferric-oxide, M/94— Navasara, M/11—See:—Sara
See:—Ferric oxide (varieties)
Native white Felspar, M/7 Navasaram, M/11 *
See:—Felspar (varieties) Navel, 517
Nat-ka-bachnack, 579—See:— Navih, 651
Bachnack Navi ragi, 476—See:—Ragi
Natka damula, 1025—See:— Navto, 477
Damula Nawal, 694
Nat-ki-sona, 286—See:—Sona Nawar, 517
Natrium chloricum, M/108 Naya, 1050
Natron, M/101 Nayaphataki, 271—See: —
Natrum-takara, 289—See:— Phataki
Takara (varieties) Nayaphatakipana, (Heart-
Nattai-churi, 1162—See:— Pea) , M/103
Churi Nayeti, 524; 526; 529—See:-
Nattiati-vasa, 399—See:— Lahan-nayeti
Vasa Nayi-bela, 353—See: —Bela
Nattu-akrotta-kottai, 61—See: (varieties)
—Akrotta-kottai; Kottai (va- Nayikuruma 818—See:—Ku-
rieties) ; ruma
Nattuativudayam, 399—See:— Nayisonagu-balli, 818
Ativudayam Nayi-tulasi, 861; 863—See: —
Nattu ireval-chinni, 1956— Tulasi (varieties)
See: —Chinni, Ireval-chinni Nayit-yaga, 1009—See: —Yaga
Nattutakarai, 289—See: — Nayi-velai, 351—See:—^Velai
Takarai (varieties) Na yop, 268—See: —Yop
Nattuvadumai, 1205—See: — Nay-palai, 1252—See:—Palai
Vadumai (varieties)
Natubadamu, 1205—See: — Nayukon, 969—See:—Kon
Badamu Nayuruvi, 21
Nau-nau, 381 Nazel-Nagai, 572—See:—
Nausadan, M/11 Nagai
Navacharam, M/11 Neardanchettu, 1263
Nava-charum, M/11 Neboo—See: —^Kamla-neboo.
Navadunga, 522 Nebu, 342—See:— Bator-nebu;
Naval, 517 Chholongo-nebu; Goranebu;
Navaladi, 1280 Karanebu; Mithanebu
Naval Kol, 214 Neela, 680
Navamallika, 700—See: — Neelabralakrati, 561 —See: —
Mallika (varieties) Bralakrati
Navananji-Chapala, 447— Neelamalligida, 677—See: —
See: —Chapala Malligida (varieties)
Navaneakki, 897—See: — Neeli, 681
Akki Neeli-chettu, 681
Navani, 896 ; 1131 Neelinee. 680
Navasadara, M/11 Neelotpalam, 809
876 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Neelum, 681; 1286 Nelakadale, 121—See:— Ka-

Neem, 776 dale
Neemeeri, 1211 Nelakatala, 121—See:— Ka-
Neepa-bark, 1096 tala
J^Jeerampal, 859 Nela-Kumbala, 686—See: —
Neerbatsala, 713—See: —Bat- Kumbala (varieties)
sala Nelammari, 1319—See: —
Neerbrahmi, 624—See: — Mari (varieties)
Brahmi (varieties) Nelampata, 592—See:—Pata
Neermali, 1017 (varieties)
Neermulli, 63; 141—See: — Nela-muchchala, 607—See: —
Mulli (varieties) Muchchala
Neerpoola, 947—See:— Poola Nela-mulaka, 1150—See: —
Neerugobbi, 667,—See: — Mulaka (varieties)
Gobbi Nelanarakam, 842 (Nelanara-
Neerulli, 63 kam), —See:—Narakam (va-
Nefgamuli, 1059—See:—Muli rieties)
(varieties) Nela-naregan, 8 4 2 ^ ^ e e : —
Neggilu—See:—Aneneggilu; Naregan
Doddaneggilu; Kennegilu Nela-naringa, 842—See:—Na-
Negil-mullu, 1230 ringa (varieties)
Negli, 998 Nela-naringu, 842—See: —
Negro Bean, 817—See: —Beans Naringu (varieties)
(varieties) Nela-nekkare, 609—See:—
Negro Coffee, 289—See: — Nekkare
Coffee Nelapalai, 526—See:—Palai
Negundu—See:—^Kalo- (varieties)
negundu Nela panna maravara, 156—
Nehass, M/47—See:—Ass See:—Panna maravara
Neichak, 633 Nelasampenga, 997—See: —
Sampenga (varieties)
Neimal, 1181 Nelasampige, 716—See: —Sam-
Nekkare—See: —Nela-nekkare pige (varieties)
Nekki—See:—^Bile-nekki; Nelausiri, 947—See:—^Usiri
Karinekkigida Nela usirika, 947—See:—^Usi-
Nela-amudumu, 706—See: — rika (varieties)
Amudumu (varieties) Nelavemu, 101; 573—See:—
Nelabaevu, 101—See:—^Bevu Vemu (varieties)
(varieties) Nelavilam, 535—See:—Vilam
Neladali, 411—See: —Dali Neli, 681
Nela-guli, 485—See:—Guli Nellagulisetenda 271—See: —
(varieties) Gulisetenda .
Nela-gulimidi, 485—See: — Nellapana Kilongu, 411—See:
Gulimidi Kilongu
Nelagummudu, 686—See: — Nellatiga, 674—See:—Tiga
Gummudu (varieties)
Nela-hippali, 746—See: — Nellatiga, 674r—See:—Tiga
Hippali (varieties)
 INDEX 877

Nella tutia, M/52—See: — Nepati, 265

Tutia (varieties) Ner, 1142—See:—Kharner
Nelli, 481—See:—Arunelli, Nera, 1060
Ghebunelli; Kilanelli; Kir- Nerali—See: —^Pannerali
nelli; Kirunelli; Kizhkay- NeredU—See: —^Pedda-neredu;
nelli; Melanelli; Shivappu- Rachaneredu
nelli Neri-ariship-pal, 86; 747—See:
Nellika, 481 Arishippal; Pal (varieties)
Nellikai, 481—See:—Kai or Nerie—poottie, 714—See:—
Kayi (varieties) Poottie
Nellik-kai, 481 Nerija, 474
Nelli-kumbala, 686—See:— Nerinche—See:—Cherunerin-
Kumbala (varieties) che
Nellu, 877 Nerinjal, 1229—See:—Cheppu-
Nelmal, 1181 nerinjal; Kattu-nerinjal
Neltangedu, 288—See: — Nerinji, 1229—See:—Cheppu-
Tangedu (varieties) neringie; Seruppunerinji
Nelam, 844 Nerinnil, 1230—See:—Kathe-
Nelumbo, 844 nerinnil
Nemaur grass—See:—Grass of Neroori, 264
Nemaur Nerpichan, 716
Nembu—See:—Pahari nembu; Nerungil, 1230
Batavi-nembu Nerunji—See: —Peru-nerunji
Neoza, 957 Netario-thora, 529—See: —
Neoza pine, or Edible pine, Thora (varieties)
957—See:—Pine (varieties) Netlingi, 997
Nepal, 396 Netramala, 360
Nepala, 396 Netrashuddhi, 867
Nepalam, 705 Nettle—See:—Common sting-
Nepala musk, A/197—See: — ing nettle; Stinging nettle
Musk (varieties) Neunblattrige Indigop flange,
Nepala-vithalu, 396—See: — 678
Vittulu (varieties) Neverang, 524—See:—^Vilai-
Nepalavitua, 396 thinevarung
Nepal Barberry, 187—See: — Newar, 520; 871
Barberry (varieties) Newrang, 526
Nepal Camphor wood, 330— Neyi, A/182
See:—Camphor wood Ngway, M/14
Napalcha-bi, 396 'Nialo' jowar, 1161—See:—
Nepalidhania, 1302—See:— Jowars (varieties)
Dhania Nichardi, 1251
Nepali marich, 270—See: — Nichinda, 1281
Marich (varieties) Nichni, 1060
Nepal tunth, 595—See: — Nidigdhika, 1150; 1156
Tunth Niepa, 1096
Nepanaringu, 842—See: — Nigachimi, 529
Naringu (varieties) Nigad, 1278
Nepari, 442 Niger seed, 595
878 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Night Jasmine, 857—See: — Nila vakai, 284; 287—See:—

Jasmine (varieties) Vakai
Nightshade—See: —Deadly- Nilavarai, 288—See: —Varai
nightshade; Indian Night- (varieties)
shade; Malabar nightshade; Nilavembu, 101; 1184—See: —
Woody nightshade Vembu (varieties)
Nik-kadugu, 351—See:—Ka- Nila-vemu, 1184—See:—Ve-
dugu (varieties) mu (varieties)
Nikkikurkan, 486 Nilavepu, 101—See:—Vepu
Niksuki, 1250 Nilavimbu, 573—See: —^Vimbu
Nikumba, 706 Nilavirai, 287—See: —Virai
Nil, 677; 681—See:—Bon-nil," (varieties)
Hab-un-nil; Tukhm-i-nil; Nila-vriksha, 452—See:—
Vilaiti-nil Vrikshaha (varieties)
Nila, 67J^ 681—See:—Daoro- Nile crocodile, A/202—See: —
khat-eJ-nila; Kazhinnila Crocodile.
Nila-aparajita, 354—See:— Nile flower, 689
Aparajita Nih, 681—See:—RataniU
Nila-cumal, 585—See: — Talanili
Cumal Nilika, 678; 680
Nila-durva, 426—See:—Durva Nili-nargandi, 572—See: —
Nilaisedachi, 997 Nargandi
Nilaja, 681 Nilini, 677
Nilakadalai, 121—See: — Nilkant, 573
Kadalai (varieties) Nilkanth, 414
Nilakkimnizh, 585 Nilkantha, A/213
Nilam, 681 Nilkanthi, 310
Nila-mayura, A/141—See: — Nilkattei, 616
Mayura Nill-koyala, 354—See: —
Nilampala, 141—See:—Pala Koyala
(varieties) Nilobikh, 443
Nila-nirgundi, 572—See: — Nilofar, 859
Nirgundi (varieties) Nilopal, 859
Nilanjanam, M/13 Nilotpala, 859—See:—Pala
Nilap-panaik-kizhangu, 411— (varieties)
Kizhangu (varieties) Nil-pushpi, 688—See:—Pushpi
Nilappanang-kilangu, 411— (varieties)
See:—Kilangu (varieties) Nil-sapla, 859—See: —Sapla
Nilaprala, 516 Nilufer, 844
Nilasampangi, 997—See: — Nim, 776—See:—Ghora-nim;
Sampangi . Karrinim; Maha-nim; Vila-
Nilathari, 419 yati-nim; Jalnim
Nila-thotha, M/52—See: — Nimak, M/109—See:—Kala-
Thotha ' nimak; Sondanimak
Nila tuta, M/52—See:— Tuta Nimb, 776—See:—Balnimb;
Nilavagai, 288—See:—Vagal Mahanimb; Phirangi-nimb
Nilavaka, 287—See:—Vaka Nimba, 776—Bhunimba; Kad-
(varieties) hee-nimba; Kadu-nimba;
 INDEX 879

Krishnanimbi; Mahanimha; Nirmuli, 420—See:—Mull

Peddanimba; Surabhinimba (varieties)
IsTimbe-hannu—See: —^Dodda Nirmurdi, 202
nimbe hannu Nirnochchi, 1278; 1281—See:—
Nimboovo, 342 Nochchi (varieties)
Nimbu, 341 — See:—Bajauri- Nimoschi, 1281—See: —
nimbu; Ban-nimbu; Bon-, Noschi
nimbu; Chor-nimbu; Dodi- Mrnotijil, 352
nimhu; Godnimbu; Idanim- Nirpulli, 422; 1226
bu; Mahanimbu; Mithanim- Niruganneru, 999—See:—
bu; Motunimbu; Pahadinim- Ganneru (varieties)
bu; Paharinimbu; Saker- Nirumalli, 667—See:—Malli
nimbu (varieties)
Nimma—See: —Gajanimma; Nirumelneruppu, 91
Adavinimma- Nirunji, 1229
Nimmagaddi, 104 Niruri, 947—See: —^Katu- niru-
Ivimma-pandu, 342—See: — ri; Phyllanthe niruri
Pandu Niru-vavili, 1281—See: —
Nimma-tulasi, 864—See:— Vavili (varieties)
Tulasi (varieties) Nirvala, 387—See:—Vala
Nimok, M/109 (varieties)
Nimurdi, 202 JMirvanchi, 656—See:—^Vanchi
Ninti—See: —Naru-ninti (varieties)
Nipa, 118 Nirvanji, 1106
Niradimuttu, 658; 661—See: — Nirvisha, 719—See:—Visha
Muttu (varieties) (varieties)
Niradimutu, 1195—See:— Nirvisham, 418; 1095
Muttu (varieties) Nirvishi, 443
Niradi-vittulu, 658—See: — Nirvisi, 334
Vittulu (varieties) Nisa, 1308
Nira-lakki-gida, 1281 Nisan, 1308
ISTirbash, 994 Nisha, 414
Nirbishaghas, 719—See: — Nishadal, M/11
Ghas (varieties) Nishinda, 1278
Nirbishi, 443; 719 Nishotar, 691
TSTirbisi, 334 Nishoth, 691
Nir-brami, 624—See:— Brah- Nisinda, 1278
mi (varieties) Nisomali, 999
Nirda, 680 Nisoth, 691
Nirgandi, 1278 Nispatigay, 265
Nirgunda, 1278 Nispava, 460—See: —Nadini-
Nirgunda—See: —Krishna- shpava
nirgunda Nisut, 691
Kirgundi, 1278—See:—Jala- Nitrate of Potash M/90; 91—
nirgundi; Nila-nirgundi See:—Potash nitrate; Potas-
Nirguvi-veru, 667 sium nitrate
Nirjara, 356 Nitre, M/90—See:—Impure
Nirmali, 1181 nitre; Purified nitre
 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Niumb, 342 Nullerutigeh, 1284

Niva, A/146 Nun—See:—^Kale-nun; Lun-
Nivadunga, 524—See:— Vayi- nim
nivadunga Nuna, 809
Nival—See: —Pandnival Nun-bora, 683—See:—Bora
Nivali, 522—See:—^Baddinivali; (varieties)
Kada-nivali; Kantya-nivali; Nundo-jangro, 1317—See: —
Pannanivali Jangro
Nivar, 177 Nunibeera 752
Niye-veru, 221 Nunibhaji, 1007—See: —
Noalata, 445 Bhaji (varieties)
Noari, 946 Nuni-gatcha, 229
Noaris, 947 Nuni-sak, 1007—See:—Sak
Nochchi, 1278—See:—Karuno- (varieties)
chchi; Nimochchi; Shiruno- Nunnari, 619 ,
chch^ Vellai-nochchi Nura, M/44
Nochilil-See: —^Nallanochili Nurah, M/42
Noix aquatique Comiole, 1227 Nurma, 207
Noix d'Arec, 130 Nut grass, 428
Noix Vomique 1175 Nuth, 696
Nokra, M/13 Nutma, 586
Nona, 115 Nutmeg, 830—See:—Country
Nonganam-pillu, 869—See: — nutmeg; Malabar nutmeg
Pillu (varieties) Nutti-choorie, 1162
Noona-maram, 810 Nuvvu, 1126
Nooniglika, 229 N u w u l u , 1126—See:—Folia
Nooni-shak, 1005—See: — nuwulu
Shak-nooni Nux-Vomica Tree, 1175
Noorekayi, 1103—See:— Kai Nyagrodha, 543
o r K a y i (varieties) Nyai phulanch, 1065
Nopal plant, A/155 Nyctanthes—See:—Weeping
Norvishee, 177 nyctanthes
Noschi—See: —Nimoschi
Noshadar, M/11
Notchi, 1278
Nottavil-maram, 128
Nousadar, M/11 Oak—See:—Agaric of the oak;
"Noyean" plant, 691 Jerusalem oak; Kumaon-oak
Noyer cultive, 709 Oak Galls, 1041—See:—Galls
Nripadruma, 285 Oandak, 349
Nubarse, 163 Oao, 448
Nugatumma, 14—See:— Oats, 162
Tumma (varieties) Obukotru, 345
Nugge, 811 Ochra—See: —Ben-ochra
Nuir—See: —Vishnanuir. Ochre, M/10—See:—Bole
Nukachuni, 1167 (yellow) ochre; Paleochre;
Nuku-kattai, 432 Rudde or Red ochre; Yellow
Nullerotigen, 1284 ochre
 INDEX 88t

Ochre, red, M/lU—See:— Onion, 63—See:—Himalayan

Ochre (varieties) onion
Ockro, 1 Onkla, 58
Ocre rouge, M/42 Odh, 1182
Odallum, 302 Oodoojati, 714'
Odallmn tree, 302 Oondi, 236
Oddhi, 865 Ooshadhana, 110—See: —
Oddimanu, 868 Dhana (varieties)
Odiyamaram, 868 Ooshak—See:—Ushna-
OeiUete Pavot somjufere, 901 ooshak
Ogai, 158 Ooshnam,' 969
Ohin-kio-kiu, 332 Ophthalmic Barberry, 187—
Oli of Juniper berries, 710— —See: —^Barberry (vari-
See: —Berries (varieties) eties)
Oil of Sen fiog, A/166—See Opium, 902r—See:—Malwa
Hog; Sen hog opium; Patna Garden opium;-
Oil-tree—See: —Wood-il tree Garden opium
Okra, 1—See:—^Ben-okra; Opium Poppy Capsules 901
Bhui-okra; Bon-okra; Btm- See:—Poppy capsules
okra; Khudi-okra (varieties)
Ol, 94 Orange common (common o r -
Olaktambol, 4—See:— Tambol ange); orange sweet; (sweet
Olancha, 104 orange); orange Chinese;
Olang-karai, 473—See:— Ka- (Chinese orange); orange-
rai (varieties) bitter (bitter orange);
Olat, 594 orange Seville . (seville
Olatkambal, 4; 933 orange); orange Bergamot o r
Olichi, 1014 Bergamot orange 339: 341
Old ghee, A/187—See:-^Ghee Orb—See: —^Kayoo-orb
Oleander—See Exile Oleander; Orcha, 1160
Sweet-scented oleander; Orchid—See:—Salep orchid
Yellow oleander Ore—See: —Zinc ore; Copper
Olenkirayat, 101—See: — ore "^
Kirayets (varieties) Orge angulesuse, 653
Oleum ceti, A/154—See: —Ceti Origan aquatique, 522
Oleum fructus juniperi, 710— Orilaiththamari, 683
See: —^Fractus Orpiment, M/20—See:— Red
Junipari; Juniperi orpiment
Ohbanum—See:—Indian oli- Orris root, 694
banum Osadi, 55
Olikiryat, 101—See: —Kiryat Osali, 1280
Olives, 870 OsciUe rouge de Guince, 632:
Olu-et-olu, 859
Olupoe—See: —Kattu-olupoe. Oseille a trois feuilles ou du
Omam, 280 bois, 890
Omamu, 280; 1028 OseiUe de brebis 1079
Oman, 280; 1028 Oseille rond, 1080
Omum, 1028 Osteon, A/211
 m M imiAN MATERIA MEDICA

Ostindishcher Dintenbaum, Oyster-shell—See: — Common

1119 oyster-shell; Shell (varie-
•Ostras, A/211 ties)
Otaheite Goose-berry, 946—
See:—Gooseberry
Otdhomps, 735
•Oteneah, 448
Ottamjpuli, 950—See; —Puli Pabban, 844
(varieties) Pabda, A/214
Ottatti, 1256—See: —Atti Paburpani, 1233
(varieties) Pacha, 996
Ottuppullu, 1251 Pachai Karpooram, 250—See:
Ottuttutti, 1256—See:—Tutti Karpooram, (varieties)
(varieties) Pachak, 1108
Ou de Dieu on Conseils, 552 Pachakarpooram, 250—See:—
Ouli^ Champ, 795—See: — See:—^Karpooram (varie-
Champ ties)
Oulimanji, 628 Pachala, 177
Ouplate, 1108 Pachalai, 177
Pachapat, 996—See:—^Pat
Ova—See: —Pan-ova (varieties)
Ovapana, 371—See:— Pana Pacchcha-ganneru, 1218—
(varieties) See:—Ganneru (varieties)
Ovibos moschatus, A/202— Pachchai-alari, 1218—See: —
See: —Moschatus Alari
Ovi vitellus, A/162—See: — Pachchari—See: —Erra-pach-
Vitellus chari
Owa, 280; 1028—See:— Pachcharisi—See: —Ammaro
Khorasani-owa pachcharisi (varieties)
Owl, A/144 Pachcha-yavulu, 653—See: —
•Cx, A/146 Yavulu
Ox-bile, A/161—See:—Bile Pachche adavimalle, 702—
(varieties) See:—^Adavi malli; Malli
Ox-gall—See:—Gall (variet- (varieties)
ies); Fresh ox-gall; Purified Pachettu, 1186
ox-gall Pachai-payaru, 939—See: —
Oxide of arsenic—See:—^White Payaru (varieties)
•oxide of arsenic; Arsenic oxide; Pachhai-pesulu, 939—See: —
Iron oxide; Silicate of alumi- Pesalu
nia etc. Pachi, 591—See:Samudupu-
Oxide of iron, M/95—See: — pachi; Darya-ki-gas or
Magnetic oxide of iron pachi
Oxide of lead—See:—^Lead Pachitiga, 292—See:—Tiga
oxide; Red oxide of lead (varieties)
•Oyster, A/212—See:—Pearl Pacholi, 996
oyster Pachotti, 1186
Oyster mushroom, 51—See: — Packur-mul 1000
Mushroom oyster Pactige belumbo, 844
 INDEX 883

Pada, 804—See:— Bahupada; Padri, 1168—See:—Kalgori-

Chandrapada; Davanpada; padri
Hastipada; Dupada Padval, 1234—See:— Padavala
Padal—See: —Peyu-padal (varieties) Jangli-padavala;
Padar, 112 Kadu-padavala
Padarasam, M/68 Padvala—See: —Kadu-pada-
Padauk, 1024 vala
Padavakani, 656 Padvali, 334
Padaval or Padavala —See: — Padvalkayi, 1234-See:—Kai
Jangli-padavala; Kadu-pada- or Kayi (varieties)
vala; Kahi-padavala Padvel—See:—Ghorpadvel.
Padavali—See:—Ranacha pa- Padwal, 994
davali Pad-zahare-Havani, A/161 •
Padayin, 434 Padzahre-kani, M/97
Padche-methi, 731—See: — Paedikari attutummatti 335
Methi (varieties) —See:—^Tummatti; Atti
Paddale, 847 (varieties)
Paddam, 1015; 1016 Paeoney Rose, 893—See: —
Paddoola—See:—Kadupad- (varieties)
doola Paer, 273
Paddy, 877 Paera, 1017
Paddy liquor, M/49—See: — Paeral, 543
Liquor Paerattae-kirae, 690
Pade-biri, 892—See:—Biri Paeravirai, 289—See:—^Virai
Pade khado, 594—See:—Kha- (varieties)
do Paerichhu, 946
Padel, 1168 Paeyemariiti, 114—See: —Ma-
Padelon, M/98 ruti
Pade-narayanam,^96—See: — Pagadamalle, 857—See: —
Narayanam Malle (varieties)
Pader, 1168 Pagadamu, A/156
Padi—See: —^Youn-padi Pagade-mara, 801
Padikharam, M/2—See: — Pagal, 805
Kharam Pahadamoola, 334—See: —
PadLna (footed aquatic ani- Moola (varieties)
mals) A/140 Pahadidhup, 211—See:—Dhup
Padma, 530; 710; 844;—See:— (varieties)
Swet-padma Pahadi indrayan, 405—See: —
Padma-gulancha, 1221—See: — Indrayan (varieties)
Gulancha Pahadi kanda, 1116—See: —
Padmaka, 1015; 1016 Kanda (varieties)
Padma-kasta, 1016 Pahadi-madanmastaka-phul,.
Padma kastha, 1015 • 422—See: — Madanmastaka-
Padma kathi, 1015 phul (varieties)
Padmaksh, 1015 Pahadi-nimbu, 346—See: —
Padma-pushkara, 694; 695— Nimbu (varieties)
See—^Pushkara Pahadi pudina, 790—See:—
Padrasa, M/68 Pudina (varieties)
884 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Pahadvel, 334 "Pakwa-Kapoor," 466—See

Pahar, 555 Kapoor (varieties)
Paharikaghuju, 346 Pal—See:—Ariship-pal; Rev-
Pahari-keli, 295; 296—See: — alchinipal; Tallapal; Tansa-
Keli (varieties) pal; Vallipal; Vellanpal, Dai-
Pahari kiretta, 1184—See; — vapal; Jeyapal; Marghipal;
Kiretta Mattipal; Naspal; Raktopal,
Pahari-nembu, 346—See: — Vellanpal; Neri-ariship-pal.
Nembu (varieties) Pala, 93; 472; 516, A/171—Seer
Pahari-pipul, 972—See: — Bushpala, Dodee-pala, Eda-
Pipul (varieties) kulapala, Kondapala, K u k -
Paharval, 334—See:—Val kapala, Manapala, Naepala,
(varieties) Nilampala, Peddapala, Pip-
Paide, 548 pala, Sisupala, Sharpala Su-
Paidi-tangaedu, 290—See: — gandhipala, Tedlapala, Thon-
Tangedu (varieties) thapala, Vapala, Chitrapala,
Paidithagara, 568—See:—Tha- Jayapala, Nilotpala; Artipala,
gara-padika Palachu, 146
Paikummatti, 335—Matti Paladagida—See: —Sugandha
(varieties) paladagida
Pailaeputatammi, 273 Paladulu, 222
Paillie, A/165 Palagaruda, 80
Paiman, 517—See:—Kum- Palah, 222; 475—See:—Ka-
paitnan
Paitiaira-wel, 272 Palai, 400; 802—See:—Atru-
Paina Schulli, 19—See:— palai; Nalpalai; Nay-palai:
Schulli Nela-palai; Peyppalai; V e -
Painipasha, 1265 tpalai
Painipishin, 1265 Palak, 196; 197] 548;1164—See:
Pair, 554 Burhanpalak; Jangli-palak
Pairu—See: —China-pairu Palakai-kalli, 873—See: —
Paivu—See: —China-paivu Kalli (varieties)
Paiyah, A/229 Palakalli, 873—See:—Kalli
Paiyamratam, 356—See: — (varieties)
Amratam; Chittamratam Palak-juhi 1059—See:—Juhi
Pajanku-sut, 1278—See:—Sut Palakura, 652—See:—Kura
Pakar, 551; 554 (varieties)
Pakarmul, 1164 Palam-pasi, 1137
Pakavakka, 130 Palamper 1017
Pakhanabhedalakri, 696 Palamsaka, 1164—See: —
Pakhanbed, 1113 Saka (varieties)
Pakhan-bhed, 573 Palandam—See:—Vana-
Pakku, 130—See:—Kottai- palandaxn
pakku Palandu 63
Pakkuln, 475 Palang, 1164—See:—Ban-pa-
Pakri, 551—See:—Juripakri. lang; Bit-palang; Bonpalang;
Paku-kotai, 130—See: —Kotai Jadupalang; Tatpalang
Pakur, 542 Palanki, 196; 197
 INDEX 883

Palari—See: —^Kottampalari Palmyra Palm, 209—See: —

Palas, 222—See:—Dahipalas Palm (varieties)
Palasa, 222—See: —Darakha- Palo, 752; 1220
tepalasha, Latapalasa Palog-pongikan, A/135—
Palasam, 222 See: —Pongikan
Palash, 222 Palpashanam—See: —^Kudire-
Palas Lata, 224—See:—Kin- palpashanam.
suka Paitiga—See: —Matta-i>altiga
Palas-piplo, 629-30—See— Palu, A/171—See:—Maddi-
Piplo palu
Palas-pipul, 629—See: — Palupaghel-kalung, 807—
Pipul (varieties) See:—^Kalung
Pala sugandhi, 619—See: — dikpana; Kavitpana; Kuta-
Sugandhi (varieties) pana; Ovapana; Talipana
Palas-wel, 224 Palva, 111
Palawar, 1087 Palval, 1238
Palawat, 945 Palvalli, 674
Palay-kirai, 652 —See: — Palvan, 111
Kirai (varieties) Palwal, 1236
Pale Catechu, 1254—See:— Palwan, 103
Catechu (varieties) Pama, 710
Pale (or yellow) Ochre, M/10 Pamala, 505
—See: —Ochre (varieties) Pambar, 291
Paliakiri, 890 Pampalienaram, 345
Pahdhar, 508 Pampana, 876
Palita-madar, 508—See: — Pamparchettu, 561
Madar Pampari, 345
Palitmandar, 508—See: —Man- Pamu kallu, M/97—See: —
dar Kallu (varieties)
Palla, 802 Pamukh, 1267
Pallachinta, 890—See: — Pan, 960; 961—See—Surpan;
Chinta (varieties) Daddupan; Kondapan; Kulo-
Pallephagil, 807—See: — pan; Kyoak-pan; Patchpan;
Phagil Phodipan; Takapan; Vidya-
Palleri, M/103 chi pan; Wakkwoogana-pan;
Palleru—See:— Pedda-palleru Watpan; Ayapana; Dhura-
PallerumuUu, 1229 pan; Juipana; Kadikpana;
Kavitpana; Kutapana; Ova-
Palm—See: —^Betel-nut palm; pana; Talipana
Cocoanut pakn; Date sugar Pana, 156^ 209; 87&—See: —
palm; Dattelpalm; Fanpalm; Daddupana Mohapana; Todda-
Ghatpalm; Hillpalm; Jaggery pana.
pakn; Palmyra palm; Toddy- Panaimaram, 209
palm; Sago-pahn; Malabar Panambale, 554
Sago-palm Panara, 508
Palmanikam, M/52 Panairawas, 508
Pahnier dattier, 943 Panasa, 146
Palmodikka, 686 Panasalambe, 51
 886 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Panchakaeshera, 236 Pangoli, 217

Panachangulam, 1065 Pangra, 485; 508; 995
Panchparni, 207—See: — Paniamlak, 554
Parni (varieties) Panibel, 1283—See:—Bel
Pancreatini—See: —Liquor (varieties)
pancreatini or pancreatis Panibira, 753
Pandala, 148—See:—Pantra Panic-grass— See:— Creeping
Pandan, 1168 panic grass
Pandarphalli, 680 Panichhi maram, 453
Pandekajhad—See:— Shabke- Pannijama, 1091
Pandekajhad Panikisanbhalu, 1281
Pandhara aghada, 21—See: — Paniki-Shumbala, 1281
Aghada Panilari, 1282—See:— Ari
Pandharen-kamal, 858—See: — (varieties)
Kamal (varieties) Panilazak, 847
Pandhari, 396; 594; 1286 Paniphal, 1227
,, Pandhari kusal, 108—See: — Pani-pyre, 942—See:—Pyre
"- Kusal (varieties)
Pandharphali, 557 Panirak, 763
Pandhra-kura, 634—See: — Paniri, 138
K u r a (varieties) Pani-samalu, 1281—See:—
Pandhri, 821 Samalu
Pandhri-abai, 254—See: — Pani-soka, M/7
Abai Paniyala, 554
Pandhri-sahebi, 1286—See: — Paniyanaku, 154
Sahebi (varieties) Paniyar-tutti, 1135—See: —
Pandnival, 522—See: —Nival Tutti (varieties)
(varieties) Panjangusht, 1277
Pandol, 1234 Panj-angushte-abi, 1281
Pandola, 1234 Panjeri, 1283
Pandrakuda, 847—See: — Panjiri-ka-pat, 113—See:—
Kuda (varieties) P a t (varieties)
Pandresavara, 505—See:— Panjoli, 948
Savara Panjooli, 947
Pandruk, 1170 Pankaja, 844
Pandu—See: —Kalivipandu; Pankauri, A/213—See: —
Peddakalivipandu; Nimma- Kauri
pandu; Velipandu; Seetapan- Pankura, 25—See:— Kura
du (varieties)
Paneermaya, A/218 Pankushi, 948
Paner-bad, 1291 Panlata, 445
Panevar, 291 Panlvanga, 713—Panlvanga—
Pangala, 995 Se:—^Lavanga
Pangara, 508 Panmouri, 557
Pangaru, 508 Panmuhuri, 557—See: —
Pangi 256; 986—See:—Par- Muhuri
harpangi Pannaeralu, 518—See: —
Pangiro, 508 Naeralu (varieties)
 INDEX 88r

Pannai, 297 Papata, 924

Panna-maravara—See:— NeJa Papaw, 273
pannamaravara Papaya tree, 273
Pannanivali, 524—See: — Papayer commun, 273
Nivali (varieties) Papda—See: —Pitpapda
Parmay tree, 236 Papdo—See: —Pittapapdo
Pannerali, 518—See:—Nerali Paperabudama, 335
Panneru-gadda, 1291—See:— Papeta, 1154
Gadda (varieties) Papeya, 273
Panni, 107; 109—See:—Ek- Papillay—See: —^Kattu-
panni Papillay
Pannir, 1071 Papita, 273; 1174
Panniruppu, 1072—See: — Papiti, 925
Uppu (varieties) Papnas, 345
Pan-Ova, 371—See:—Ova Papnassa, 345
Panpe, 273 Pappali, 273
Panpoye, 948 Pappana, 924
Panpui, 448 Pappangaye, 273
Pansayeik, 698 Pappara-mulli, 1149—See: —
Pansra, 371 Mulli (varieties)
I^an Tamboli, 960—See: — Pappatak-mora-uppu, M/88—
Tamboli See:—Uppu (varieties)
Pantra or Pandala, 148 Pappayam, 273
Panus, 345 Papplichakkay, 1266
Panwar, 730 Pappu—See: —Sannapappu;
Pao de Cobra, 1173—See: — Misur-pappu
Cobra (varieties) Pappu-kura, 305—See:—
Paodi, 130 Kura (varieties)
Papada—See: —Pitpapada Papra, 561; 994—See:—Pit-
Papadi, 924 papra; Pittpapra
Papad-khar, M/88—See: — Papri, 225; 651; 994; 1254—
Khar (varieties) See::—Wal-papri
Papai, 273 Paputa, 273
Papanalil, 333 Paputta vayru, 925—See: —
Papar, 520 Vayru
Papara—See: —Chittit-papara; Para, M/68—See:—Hondapara
Pitpapara; Ghatipithpapra Kadapara; Kharpara; Khet-
Paparaminta, 789 para; Pitpara; Wampara
PaparamuUi, 1150 P a r a Cress, 1164—See:—Cress
Papar amuUi—See:—Mulli (varieties)
(varieties) Parada, M/67
Paparamullu, 1150—See:-T- Paragi, 1317
Mullu
Paparapuli, 38—See:—Puli Paragus, 153
(varieties) Paral, 877; 1168
Papari, 924 Paramutty, 925
Papas, 586 Parangi, 273
Papat, 924 Parangichekkai, 1143
:888 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Parangi-sambrani, 211—See: — shpami; Mudgapami; Pan-

Sambrani chpami; Sanaparni; Shala-
Parangithalai, 99—See: — parni; Shalpami; Shripami;
Thalai Sinhapami; Tilparni; Indu-
Paranki—See:—Upperiparanki parni; Kalaparni; Kapittha-
Parapalanam, 580 parni; Prasnipami
Parapalanamu, 580 Paro, M/68
Pararoo, 508 Paroa, 548
P a r a s , 1016 Paronk, 250
Parasikava, 670—See: — Parpadagam, 869
Kava (varieties) Parpadagum, 804
Paras-pipal, 629—See:— Pipal Parpalli, 1317
(varieties) Parpalli-gidda, 1317
Paravata-padi, 271 Parparam, 932
Parbata, A/214 Parpat, 869—See:—^Pat (varie-
Pard,esi dawano, 144—See: — ties)
Da"Wano Parpata—See:—Kshetra-par-
"Pardeshi" Gowar, 420— pata; Yavana parpata
See:— Gowar (varieties) Parpataka, 580; 804
Pardik, 857 Parpataka, Grishma-Sundara,
Parenda—See: —^Isgangalam 804
parenda Parpati—See:—Khsetra-par-
Paresh pipal, 629—See: Pipal pati
(varieties) Parpatis (Mercxirials)
Parharpangi, 980—See: — Parpatrah, 596
Pangi Parpukire, 1006
Pari, 877 Parrot, A/216
Paribhadra, 508 Parrot seed, 278
Parijata, 857 Parsacha-jadha, 630
Parijataka, 508; 857 Parselane—See:—Common
Paringa, 508 Indian parselane; Indian par-
Paringay, 1143
Parin-Kakavalli, 486—See: — Parsipu, 629, 630
KakavaUi Parsley, 934—See:—Silphium
Parinkipatte, 1143 parsley
Parinta, 377 Parsnip—See:—Cultivated
Parisa, 629 parsnip
P a rjamb, 870 Partaka, 857
Parjan, 1142 Partanga, 607
Parjanya, 187 Parthangi, 230
Parkatinj, 551 Partoli, 823
Parmelia des murs, 922 Partridge, A/141—See:—Grey
Parnabij, 717 partridge; Common Indian
P a m e r , 1244 partridge; Indian partridge
Parni—See:—^Baripami; Che- Paru, 65
kapami; Krishnipami; Man- Parui^—See:—^Mashaparui;
duparani; Mandupami; Man- Mashparui
dukaparni; Mashapami; Ma- Parukire, 1006
 INDEX 889

Parul, 1168—See:—Ranparul Pasupu, 415—See:—Adavi-

Paruppu—See:—Mindiri par- pasupu; Karupasupu; Manu-
uppu; Uppu (varieties) pasupu; Kasturi pasupu
Parupukire, 305 Pat, A/145; 377; 996—See:—
Parusa-pipalo, 630—See:— Pachapat; ^ Panjiri-Ka-pat;
Pipalo Samandarkapat; Parpat;
Panisha, 593 Sonpat; Sukkapat; Tejpat
Parushamaram, 630 Urohimahorpat; Mustanpat;
Paruthi, 587; 588—See:— Nalitapat; Sonipat; Titapat;
Samparuthi Kapar-ka-pat .
Parutti, 633—Champarutti; Pata, 334; 1134—See:—Nelam-
Karuparutti; Velluparutti; pata; Bellipata; Belpata;
Veliparutti Dholapata; Kshetra-parpata;
Paruva—See:—Cheruparuva Yavana-parpata
Paryala, A/156—See:—Vala Patak—See:—Mandeki-patak
(varieties) Patala, 1168
Parvar, 1236; 1238 Patalagalori, 362—See:—Galori
Parvara, A/156 Patalagandhi, 1050—See:—
Parvatanimba vraksha, 784 Gandhi (varieties)
Patalagaruda, 377; 872
Parvata-yeranda, 705—See:— Patala-garudada-beru, 1050
Yeranda Patalagarudi, 362
Parwar, 1236 Patalagarund, 1050
Pasanum—See:—Sudu- Paralapadmini, 1108
pasanum Patalatumbari, 303
Pasarganni, 431—See:—Ganni Patalbhedi, 872
(varieties) Patang, 230
Pashana—See:—Sankhya Patari, 763
Pashana; Rakanpashana Patasij, 524—See:—Sij (varie-
Pashanabedaka, 652 ties)
Pashanabheda, 1054 Patchaiaressi—See:—^Amum-
Pashanabhedi, 371 Patchaiaressi (varieties)
Pashanbheda, 1113 Patchauli, 996
Pashanam —See:— Daddipa- Patchi—See:—^Timut-patchi
shanam; Telapashanum; Yel- Patch pan, 996—See:—Pan
(varieties)
likud pashanam; Vellapasha- Pater, 1253
num
Patha—See:—Laghupatha;
Pashchima deshiya, 622 Ratpatha
Pashkand, 242—See:—Kand Pathalee, 698
(varieties) Pathangee, 230
Pashuganda, 387—See:—Ganda Pathar—See:—Sufed pathar
Pasi—See:—Velam-pasi Patharcheer, 371
Passi, 431 Patharingami, 1150
Passraikeeray, 1007-^ee:— Patharkuchi, 371
Keerai (varieties) Patharua, 1000
Pasteurised milk, A/176— Pathave, 254
See:—Milk (varieties) Patherchur, 371
57
890 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Pathmapu-todami, 685—See:— Pattra-banga, 138—See:—

Todami Banga (varieties)
Pathree, 1195 Patu-swa, 1000
Pathri, 728 Patwa, 632
Paththi, 587 Patwa-ghas," 288—See:—Ghas
Pathurkuchi, 716; 717 (varieties)
Pathya, 1205 Pauri-mattaisal, 1227
Pati, 427—See:—Nashpati Pauti, 461
Patichachaha, 104—See:— Pauttika, A/192
Chaha (varieties) Pavakka-chedi, 805
Patience Vesiculeuse, 1079 Paval, 805
Patikaram, M/2—See:—Karam Pavalam, 14; A/156
Patkali, 698—See:—Kali Pavala-Malligai, 857—See:—
(varieties) Malligai (varieties)
Patkarru, 1075 Pavana, 949
P a t l u ^ u , M/91—See:— Uppu Pavanya, 696
(vaiaeties) Pavatay, 925
Patlu-uppoo, M/91—See:— Pavattai, 925
Uppoo Pavila—Kura—See:—^Pedda
Patna Garden Opium, 916— Pavila-Kura
See:—Garden opium; Opium Pavna, 696
(varieties) Pavonia Odorante, 925
Patol, 1236; 1238—See:—Bon- Pavuttayyayr, 925
patol Pawta, 461
Patola, 752; 1235; 1236—See:— Paya, 71—See:—Hsathanpaya
Adavi-patbla; Dirgha-patola Payana, 1265
Patolam—See:—^Kaippam- Payar—See:—Cherupayar
patolam Payaru, 939—See:—Kattu-
Patolamu, 1235 payru; Pachhaipayaru; Nari-
Patranga, 1161 ppayaru
Patrasnuk, 524 Payasvini, 686
Patsan, 628 Paycumuti, 335
Patta, 377; 925—See:—Dad-Ka- Payen, 111—See:—Sam-payen
patta; Kaspatta; Naginka- Payen-anbhat, A/138
patta Paymoostey, 136
Patta-karie, 526 Payo, 250
Pattana, 686 Payra, A/156
Pattanga, 230 Payru—See:—^Kattupayru;
Pattarashii, 803 Payaru
Pattemadarangabali, 822— Pazham—See:—Pilapazham;
See: —Madarangabali Vilva-pazham; Puliyam-
Patti, 208; 588—See:—Ronda- pazham; Vizhaip-pazham
patti Pazhamunnipala, 84
Pattikaramu, M/2 Pdlivanchi, 1079
Pattiri—See:—Jadi-pattiri Pea—See:—Butterfly pea;
Patton-ki-send, 524 Cadjan-pea; Chicken-pea;
Pattra—See:—Bhujpattra; Cowpea; Fildpea; Garden-
Laghupattra pea; Heart-pea; Heart's pea;
 INDEX 891

Peas (white & green); Peddakalavi, 277—See:—

Pigeon-pea; Congo-pea Kalavi
Peaches, 1036 Peddakalinga, 448—See:—
Peacock, A/141; A/213—See:— Kalinga
Cock (domestic) Peddakalivipandu, 266—See:—
P^-allippayam, 550 Kalivipandu; Pandu (varie-
Peanut, 121 ties)
Pear, 1014; 1038—See:— Peddamanu, 56; 57—See:—
Prickly-pear Manu (varieties)
Pearl, A/208—See:—Mother of Peddamaoga, 1264—See:—
Pearl Maoga
Pearl ash, M/88—See:—Ash Peddamrangu, 1048—See:—
(varieties) Rangu
Pearl millet, 930—See:—Millet Pedda-neredu, 517—See:—
(varieties) Neredu (varieties)
Pearl Oyster, A/211—See:— Peddanimba, 346—See:—
Oyster Nimba (vai-ieties)
Peas, (white & green) 977— Peddapala, 849—See:—Pala
See:—Pea (varieties) (varieties)
PeatguH, 433—See:—GuU Pedda-palleru, 926—See:—
(varieties) Palleru
Pe-Atthi, 550—See:—Atti Peddapavila kura, 1006—
(varieties) See:—^Pavila-Kura
Pe-Attiss, 550
Pedda sophora, 431—See:—
Pecari, A/202
Pech, 433 Sophora
Pechak, A/144 Peddavari, 529—See:—Vari
Pechi, 543; 550 (varieties)
Pedalium murex-Peturagaci- Peddi, M/14
gal, A/203 Peddimari, 543—See:—Mai'i
Pedalu, 1048 (varieties)
Pedaru bazara, M/97 Peechhakam, 751
Pedda-dhumpa, 77—See:— Peelam, 273
Dhumpa Peelee-bootee, 8
Pedda dosrai, 403—See:— Pee-mottenga, 719—See:—
Dosrai Mottenga
Pedda-elakkay, 93—See:— Peenathamaram, 1170—See:—
Elakkay Nathamaram
Pedda-enuga, 817—See:— Peepul—See:—^Anipeepul
Enuga Peepul Tree, 552
Peddagi, 1025 Peerakai, 751—See:—^Kai or
Peddagomru, 584—See:— Kayi (varieties)
Gomru Peeram—See:—Charu-peeram
Peddaib, 977 Peeta-karabira, 849—See:—
Pedda-jilakurra, 557—See:— Karabira
Jilakxn-ra Peetaphala, 1151
Pedda-kai, 403—See:—Kai or Peet berela, 1134—See:—
Kayi (varieties) Berela (varieties)
892 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Peetmalati, 702—See:— Pepper-appauli, 38

Malati (varieties) Pepper, betel leaf, 960
Peetumba, 101—See:—Tumba Pepper-coms—See:—^Abortive
Pegwood, 520 pepper-corns
Peiam, 876 Peppermint, 789—See:—^East.
Peikchin, 965 Indian peppermint; Indian
Pekanakai, 1211—See:—Kai or peppermint
Kayi (varieties) Peppirakam, 753
Pekkommatti, 335—See:— Pepre, 551
Matti (varieties) Pepri, 551
Pelargonium noc-tuolens, Peptonised milk, A/176—
A/203 See:—Milk (varieties)
Pellakkaya, 360 Pepudal—See:—^Kattuppe-
Pellitory, 97—See:—Sweet pudal
pellitory Pepul, 965
P ^ a l i v a l l i , 923~See:— Peragi, 273
Nalivalli Perala, 1017
Penarimara, 1170 Perala-hannu, 1017 •
Penari-marum, 1170 Peramutiver, 925
Penarisangai, 892 Peramuttai, 925
Penarvalli, 1301 Perandai—See:—^Puli
Pen-bava, 770 perandai
Pendari, 1048 Perangimuluk, 268
Pendha, 877 Perangyum, M/23
Penguin, 104 Pera-rattai, 77—See:—^Ratta or
Penkottai, 360—See:—Kottai Rattai (varieties)
(varieties) Perch—See:—Climbing perch
Penneroo-gadda, 1292—See:— Perfoliate Soap-wort, 1104—
Gadda (varieties) See:—Soap-wort (varieties)
Pennywort—See:—Indian Periaitcham, 946—See:—
Pennywort Itcham
Pentgul, 433; 698—See:—Gul Peria Karalai, 75—See:—^Kara-
(varieties) lai
Penva, 385 Peria reta, 77—See:—Reta
Penvar-pet, 530 Peria-takarai, 290—See:—
Pepalam, 705 Takarai (varieties)
Peppelu, 965 Perichchangayi, 943—See:—
Pepper — See:— Bell-pepper; Chchangayi
Betel-leaf pepper; Black pep- Peri-elav, 93—See:—Elav
per; Brazil-pepper; Canarese Perinkalak-phalam, 266—
pepper; Cayenne pepper; See:—Phalam (varieties)
Cherry-pepper; Decorticated Periploca des Imdes, 619
pepper; Indian wild pepper; Periya elattari, 93—See:—
Wild pepper; Long pepper; Elattari
Monstrous pepper; Red pep- Periya elimichcham, 346—
per; Spanish pepper; Tail See:—Elimichcham
pepper; White pepper; Com- Periyakanni, 1145—See:—
mon pepper Kanni (varieties)
 INDEX 893

Periyananka, 998 (Periya- Petite basilic, 864

nanka)—See:—Nanka Petitefeve, 942
Periya yelakay, 93—Yelakay Petlitige, 1266—See:—Tige
Perlmoos, 310 (varieties)
Perretay-kiray, 690—See:— Petsaprai—See:—Geruda-
Kiray (varieties) petsaprai
Persian l i l a c , 784—See:— Pettaka, 8
Lilac (varieties) Petthan, 458
Persian Rose, 1072—See:— Petthri, 710
Rose (varieties) Peu t'sas, 657
Persil des mardis, 935 Pevette, 1292
Persimon—See:—Indian Persi- Pewter-cabc, M/116—See:—
mon Cabc
Persische Salvadore, 1092 Peyara, 1017—See:—^Lalpeyara
Peru, 1017 Peyppalai, 1252—See:—Palai
Perumaddi, 629—See:—Maddi (varieties)
(varieties) Peyt-tumatti, 335—See:—
Pervunaram, 56; 57 Tumatti, Atti (vcirieties)
Perumflrindu, 139 Peyu-padal, 1236—See:—Padal
Periunaruttu, 56 Phagil, 807—See:—Pallephagil
Perumbe, 1011 Phakdi, 1286
Perunday codi, 1284—See:— Phala-kantak, 430—See:—
Codi Kantak (varieties)
Peru-nerunji, 926—See:— Phalam, 130--See:—Dadima-
Nerunji phalam; Perinkalak-phalam;
Penmgalli, 993—See:—Galli Jatiphaiam; Marichi-phalam;
(varieties) Pitchaphalam
Perungayam, 537 Phalamla, 628—See:—Amla
Penmgkala, 277—See:—Kala (varieties)
(varieties) Phalangini, 770
Perungkayam 537—See: — Phalas—See:—^Kala-phalas
Kayam (varieties) Phalgu, 183
Perunkayam, 537—See:— Phalinda, 517
Kayam (varieties) Phalmodika, 686
Perunpiyari, 474 Phalna, 593
Peruntutti, 8—See:—Tutti Phalsa, 593
(varieties) Phalsi, 593
Peruvian bark, 315 Phalungu, 628
Peruvidukol, 161 Phalwara, 178
Pesab, A/232 Phamsikol, 448
Pesalu, 939—See:—Pachhai- Phanas, 146—See:—Man-
pesulu phanasa; Ranphanas
Pesulu—See:—Duntu-pesulu Phand, 1071
Petaigagar, 440 Phangla, 996
Petari, 8; 1228 Phanijivika—See:—Bala
Petha, 185 phanijivika
Pethi, 543; 550 Phani-manasa, 872 See:—
Petitcorossol, 115 Manasa
894 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Phanya, 804 Phula-geru, M/94—See:—

Phaphor, 1257 Geru (varieties)
Pha-rai, 338—See:—Rai Phulahi, 17
(varieties) Phulkobee, 217—See:—Kobee;
Pharanjamuskh, 861—See:— Kobi
Mushk (varieties) Phulsar Nallapurugudu, 949—
Pharbitis seeds, 688 See:—Nalla-purugudu;
Pharenda, 517 Purugu'du
Pharsa, 593; 594 Phulse, 130
Pharua, 593 Phulwara butter, 178—See:—
Pharwani, 593 Butter (varieties)
Phashanveda, 573 Phungali, 532—See:—Gali
Phataki—See:—Nayaphataki Phut, 403
Phatera-e-Saleyuni, 1008 Phuti, 403
Phathar-ke-phul, 922 Phutiki, 593
Phatikara M/2—See:—Kara Phutkari, 691—See:—Kari
(•^rieties) (varieties)
Phatkari, M/2—See:—Kari Phyllanthe Embhc, 480—See:—
(varieties) Emblic Phyllanthe
Phatki, M/2—See Lataphatki Phyllanthe multi flore, 947
Phatkiri, M/2—See:—Lata- Phyllanthe niruri, 947—See:—
phatkiri Niruri (varieties)
Phattar-suva, 580—See:— Physic nut, 226—See:—Angu-
Suva lar-leaved physic nut
Phatura-Salyima, 1008—See:— Piaman, 518
Salyuna Piasal, 1211
Phausamba, 207 Piaz, 695
Phayouii, A/151 Piazi, 155
Phenila, 1102 Pichha—See:—Erup-pichha
Pichhakam, 701
Philli-taga, 154—See:—Taga Pichulati-elai, 892—See:—
Phirangi-nimb, 784—See:— Elai
Niin,b (varieties) Pichumanthah, 776
• Phitikhari, M/2—See:—Khar i Pichy Kusama chettu, 133—
(varieties) See:—^Kusama chettu
Phitkari, M/2—See:—Kari Pied d'elephant, 474
(varieties) Pigeon, A/156
Phiyu—See:—^Thon-phiyu Pigeon grass, 1131
Phodipan, 961—See:—Pan Pigeonpea, 231—See:—^Pea
(varieties) (varieties)
Phok, 486 Pigeon's flesh, A/141—See:—
Pholiya, 412 Mesh
Pkudina—See:—Basar ai- Pijar, M/103
phudina; Gamathi-phudina; Pijoo—See:—^Hastipijoo
Pahadi pudinah; Pudinah Pikharu-vil, 14
Pikkaruvil, 14
(varieties) Pikunakai, 751—See:—Kai or
Phujpal, 1049
Phulaer, 130 Kayi (varieties) *
 INDEX 895

Pikvan—See:—Jangli-pikvan Pilu, 1091; 1092—See:—

Pila, 146 Chhota-pilu
Pilabarela, 1138—See:—Barela Piludu, 1152
Pila berela, 1134—See:—Berela Pilun-kohalun, 407—See:—
(varieties) Kohalun
Pilacham, 222—See:—Cham Pilva, 1092
Pila Champa, 796—See:— Pilvu, 1092
Champa (varieties) Pimenta, 269
Pila-dhatura, 133—See:— Pimpal, 552
Dhatura (varieties) Pimpala, 552
Pilajur, 334~See:—Jur Pimpli, 545; 965—See:—Thora-
Pila-kaner, 1218—See:—Kaner pimpli
Pilakohola, 407—See:—Kohola Pimpri, 545; 554
Pilapazham, 146—See— Pin a longues feuilles, 957; 958
Pazham Pinasangam-koppi, 352—See:—
Pilaregati, 611—See:—Regati Kopni (varieties)
Pilav, 146 Pinchu-kadukkai, 1206—See:—
Pilchagnadi, 338 Kaduk-kai; Kai or Kayi,
Pilchi, 1194 (varieties)
Pile-har, 1205—See:—Har, Pinda, 1264
Bal-har Pinda haritala, M/21—See:—
Pilerhara, 1205—See:—Hara Haritala (varieties)
Pilijari, 334; 1213—See:—Jari PJnda-karakkay, 1206—See:—
(varieties) Karakkaya
Pilikapas, 362—See:—Kapas Pinda-kharjura, 943—See:—
(varieties) Kharjura
Pilikarbir, 1189—See:—Karbir Pindakhejur, 943—See:—
Pihkirbir, 302—See:—Kh-bir Khejur (varieties)
Pilimbi PylHcha-kai, 163— Pindalu, 450; 1048
See:—Kai or Kayi (varie- Pindaluka, 1048
ties) Pindar, 121; 389
Piliya-mankena, 1256—See:— Pindara, 1228
Mankena Pinda tagara, 1189—See:—
Pilkhan, 551 Tagara
Pilli—See: —Kattuppilli Pindava, 569
Pilliadagu, 818—See:—^Adagu Pindavalli, 1301
Pillu—See:—Mattanga-pillu; Pindi, 1081—See:—Muripindi;
Nonganam pillu; Shanka- Telagapindi
narupillu; Vasanepillu; Vaz- Pindichettu, 49; 543
hukkaipillu Pindithagara, 568—See:—
Pilo champa, 795—See:— Thagara
Champa (varieties) Pindituka, 1264—See:—Tuka
Pilo-harde, 1205—See:—Harde Pine, 959—See:—^Blue pine;
Pilo-harle, 1205—See:—Harle Chirpine; Dingsa-pine;
Pilo-valo, 107—See:—Valo Screwpine; Fragrant screw-
(varieties) pine; Khasia-pine; Long-
Pilpil, 969 pine; Edible pine; Neozapine
Pilpita, 485 Pineapple, 99—See:—Apple
 896 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Piney Resin Tree, 1265—See:— Pippuli—See: —Karipippuli

Resin tree Pipri, 651
Pingain—See:—Kalapingain Pipul, 552—See:—^Pahari-pipul;
Pinglu, 1048 Palas-pipul ^
Pingo, A/158 Pipuli-jhunjim, 394—See:—
Pingri, 281 Jhunjun (varieties)
Pinidrikegide, 628 Pipulka; 1163; 1164
Pinjari, 1213 Pipur, 552
Pinn, 22 Piralu, 1048
Pinna-mulaka 1156—See:— Pirambu, 234
Mulaka (varieties) Pirandal, 1284
Pinnay—See:—Cherupinnay Pirangi-chekka, 1143
Pin Reed grass, 1087—See:— Piranji, 273
Reed grass Piratti-kirai, 377—See:—Kirai-
Pinus deodara, 295—See:— (varieties)
. Deodar Pirayam, 1171
"yinza-kani-si, 1041 Piriengo, 869
Pipal, 552; 629; 965—See:— Pirina, 1270
Gajapipal; Gajpipal; Maghz- Piriya halim, 843—See:—
pipal; Paras-pipal; Paresh- Halim
pipal Pisa, 38
Pipali—See:—Gajpipali Pishachavraksa, 57^
Pipaliana, 965 Pishinika, 352
Pipalo—See:—^Parusa-pipalo Pisi, 749
Pipar—See:—Moto-pipar Pista, 975
Pipara, 965 Pistachio-nut tree, 975
Pipe Clay, M/10—See:—Clay Pistah—See—Guli-pistah
(varieties) Pisteh, 975
Pipe tree—See:—Pudding Pipe Pisunu—See:—Kondugogue
pisunu
PipiU, 965 Pitabhringi, 1291—See:—
Pipinodo Patare, 1307 Bhringi
Pipla, 552 Pita-daru, 187—See:—Daru
Pipla-mol, 965 (varieties)
PipU, 551; 965—See:—Badi- Pitai-Gajar, 440—See:—Gajar
pipli Pita-kande, 441-—See:—Kande
Pipli-mool, 965—See:—Mool Pitakari, 1252—See:—Kari
(varieties) (varieties)
Piplo—See:—^Palas piplo Pitali, 1; 1228
Pippala, 552—See:—Pala Pitan—See:—Shakar-pitan
(varieties) Pitasala, 1025—See:—Sala
Pippali, 965—See:—Gajapip-
(varieties)
pali; Toyapippali Pitch—See:—Jew's pitch;
Pippali-katte, 965 Mineral pitch
Pippallu, 965—See:—Enuga- Pitchandan, 1098—See:—Chan-
pippalu dan (varieties)
Pippalyang, 1104 Pitchaphalam, 338—See;—
Pippili-moonlam, 965 Phalam (varieties)
 INDEX 897

Pithari, 580 Pivala-sesaba, 432—See:—

Pithori, 691 Sesaba
Pitmari, 1252—See:—Mari Pivalavala, 107—See:—Vala
(varieties) (varieties)
Pittosarshio, 15—See:—Sarshio Pivali Siras, 215—See:—Siras
Pitpapada, 561—See:—Papada (varieties)
Pitpapara, 560—See:—Ghati- Pivar, 176
pithpapra; Papara (varieties) Pivelum—See: —^Pitumma
Pitpapda, 561—See:—Papda pivelum
Rt-papra, 560; 561; 933— Pivla-Gahu, 1244—See:—
See:—Papra (varieties) Gahu
Pitpara, 486; 561—See:—Para Pivla—lotaka, 1243—See: —
(varieties) Lotaka
Pit-sal, 1025—See:—Sal (varie- Pivla-Potia, 1243—See:—Potia
ties) Pivla-tilivana, 351—See:—
Pit shirish, 60—See:—Shirish; Tilivana
Sirish (varieties) Piyabans, 175—See:—Bans
Pittagni, 356 Piyaj, 63
Pittakari, 150—See:—Kari Piyal, 221
(varieties) Piyala, 221
Pittamari, 150—See:—Mari Piyang, 63
(varieties) Piyar, 221
Prttapapdo, 561—See:—Papdo Piyas, 63
Pittavraksha, 1166 Piyaz, 63—See:—Chhoti-jungli-
Pitti, 1266 pyaz; Jangli-piyaz
Pittori, 1228—See:—Tori Piyaz-i-dasht-i-hindi, 1256—
(varieties) See:—Hindi (varieties)
Pittpapra, 842—See:—Papra Piyo, 250
(varieties) Piyra, 1017
Pittvel, 842 Plaksha, 543; 551; 554
Pitumma Pivelum, 14—See:— Plantain, 822
Pivelum . Plantanier, 822
Piturali, 356 Plaque-miner visqueux, 453
Pitvan, 1255 Plaueminier-a-bis noir, 453
Pivalabhangra, 1291—See:— Plashi-valli, 1161
Bhangra (varieties) Plaster—See:—^Kaat-plaster
Pivalaboel, 73—See:—Boel Plaster of Paris, M/46
(varieties) Plava birds, A/140—See:—
Pivalakanher, 1218—See:— Birds (varieties)
Kanher Plavithil, 750
Pivalakoranta, 175—See:— Plum—See:—Common-plum;
Koranta Black plum; Bokhara plum;
Pivalakoreta, 175—See:— Cherry-plimi; Juliana-plum;
Koreta- Mauritus plum; SapodiUa
Pivala kunchan, 183—See:— plum; Sebesten plum; Hog
Kunchan plum; Indian hog-plum
Pivala-maka, 1291—See:— Plum, Bokhara, 1014—See:—
Maka (varieties) Plum (varieties)
S98 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Plumbxim, basic carbonate of,— Pomme de terre, 1154

See:—Carbonate of Plum- Pomponia, 876
bum Pomushtie, 334
Poalam, A/156 Pona—See:—^Uppu-pona
Poataley-kaiantagerai, 1291— Ponagantikura, 84—See:—
See:—Kaiantagerai Kura (varieties)
Podalimanu, 11 Pond fish, A/214—See:—Fish
Podophyllum—See:—Indian (varieties)
Podophyllum Pondgandhari, 91
Podra—See:—^Putla-podra Pondi, 235
Poduthalai, 746 Pongalam, 1036
Poduthuvalai, 746 Pongara, 508
Pogada, 801 Pongikan—See:—^Palog-pongi-
Pogaku, 850 kan
Poguntig, 166 Pongnyet, 236
Poi,J77 Ponkaram, M/103—See:—
Poi^e-coeur, 272 Karam
Poischi, 311 Ponkoranti, 1089—See:—
Pois de champs, 976 Koranti
Poison—See:—Serpent poison Ponmootootai, 334
Poison bulb, 389 Ponna—See:—Kolakuponna,
Poison nut, 1175 Kolaponna, Kolkuponna,
Poivre, 969 Neelaponna
Poka, 130—See:—Telinipoka Ponnachettu, 236
Pokala-miri, 972—See:—Miri Ponnakum, 236
(varieties) Ponnangannikkirai, 84—See:—
Pokarmul, 1164 Kirai (varieties)
Pokharmul, 1108 Ponnan-kottai, 1103—See:—
Pokla, 87; 89 Kottai (varieties)
Poklia, 130 Ponnantakara, 290—See:—
Pola, 633; 802—See:—Karivi- Takara (varieties)
pola Ponnavarai, 290—See:—
Polam—See:—Vellaippa- Varai (varieties)
polam Ponnaveeram, 289
Polatali—See:—Valutta- Ponnavirai, 289
polatali Ponnavirum, 284
Poladi Gavat, 130—See:— Ponnavittulu, 236—See:—
Gavat (varieties) Vittulu (varieties)
Polebean—See:—Lima pole Ponnu, M/32
bean; Beans (varieties) Ponnummattum, 133
Polica, 1049 Pontaletsche, 731
Poliyarala, 890—See:—Rala Pooga, 130
(varieties) Poogamu, 11
Pollanuwulu, 1126—See:— Poola, 208; 505—See:—Neer-
Nuwulu poola
Pomegranate, 1031 Poolai, 49
Pomelo, 345 PoonaikkaB, 818—See:—^Kali
Pomms d'Adami, 800 (varieties)
 INDEX 899

Poondu—See:—Ulli-poondu Posta-katofl, 901—See:—Lal-

Poongankottai, 1103—See:— poshta
Kottai (varieties) Posta-kaye-chettu—See-:—
Poongan-kottay, 1103—See:— Erra-posta-kaye- chettu
Kottay Posthakkai, 902—See:—Kai or
Poongarai, 1047—See:—^Rai Kayi (varieties)
(varieties) Postil, 1197
Poont, 1075 Posto-dheri, 901
Poon tree, 1170 Potaki, 177
Poonu, 868 Potal, 1236
Poor, 207 Potala, 1236
Pooshalni, 407 Potaree, 8
Pootri—See:—Kunki-pootri Potari, 8; 633
Poottie—See:—Neri-poottie Potash, M/88
Poovalai, 255 Potash carbonate impure,
Popai, 273 M/88—See:—Impure potash
Popaiyah, 273 carbonate; Carbonate of
Popata, 869 Potassium
Popli, 889 Potash nitrate—See:—Nitrate
Popnxis, 345 of Potash
Poppaye-phal,"273 Potassic carbonate, M/88—
Poppayi, 273 See:—Carbonate potassic
Poppy—See:—Mexican poppy; Potassium carbonas impura,
Red poppy; White poppy; alkali, M/109
Prickly-poppy Potassium carbonate—See:—
Poppy capsules—See:—Opium Impure potash carbonate or
Poppy capsules Impure potassium carbonate
Poppy seeds, 901 Potassium tartrate—See:—
Poprang, 578 Tartrate of potassium
Porash, 629 Potassium citrate—See:—
Porcelain clay, M/7—See:— Citrate of potassium
Clay (varieties) Potassium nitrate, M/91—
Porcelaneous shells, A/158— See:—^Nitrate of potash;
See:—Shell (varieties) potash nitrate
Poris, 630 Potassium, fluoride—See:—
Porish, 630 Fluoride of Potassium
Pork, A/141 Potate de Malaga, 684
Potato, 1154—See:—Goa-
Poroh, 547 potato; Sweet-potato;
Porphyry, M/93 Telugu potato
Porrilaikyan, 471 Pothondi, 1169
Portia tree, 629 Potia—See:—Pivla-potia
Porush, 629 Poti-kunda, 94—See:—^Kunda
Poshkar, 1125 (varieties)
Poshta—See:—Lai poshta; Potla—See: —Adavi-potla-
Posta-katol Chaynd-potla; Cheti-potla;
Postakachedi—See:—Shivap- Kommiipotla; Lingapotla
pu-postakachedi Potlakaya, 1234
900 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Potlunu, W 9 1 Prayam, 1171

Potol, 1236 Prepared Suet, A/229—See:—
Potolam—See:—Kattu- Suet
potolam Prickly chaff-flower, 21—See:
Pottai-gummadi, 408—See:— —Chaff-flower
Gummadi (varieties) Prickly-leaves elephant's foot
Pottakavalam, 1170 —See:—Elephant's foot;
Pottibudamu, 820 Telugu potato, 94; 474
Pottidumpa, 579 Prickly or Mexican poppy, 133
Pottil-uppu, M/91—See:— —See:—^Poppy (varieties)
Uppu (varieties) Prickly-pear, 872—See:—Pear
Potu-gally-gista, 394 Prickwood, 520
Pouzera Madani, M/97—See: Prince—See:—Black prince
—Madani (varieties) Prince's feathers, 90—See:—
Povalay, A/156 Feathers
Powdered milk, A/175—See:— Priya, 700—See:—Bhishak-
Milk (varieties) priya; Halipriya; Kapi-priya;
Powdered Talc, M/123—Talc Ravi-priya; Vishnu-priya
(varieties) Priyangu, 56; 1015
Prabhoo-nata, 291—See:— Properly cast-iron, M/55—
Nata (varieties) See:—Iron; Cast-iron;
Prachinamalaka, 554 Wrought-iron
Pactige Kostwur, 385 Pro&hti, A/214
Practige Kostwurz, 1108 Protein milk, A/176—See:—
Pralakalu, 407 MiUc (varieties)
Prangi-kayee, 99—See:— Primes, 1015
Kayee or Kai or Kayi Prunier I'Inde, 554
(varieties) Pruthushrangi, 15—See:—
Prangos, 1008 Shrangi
Pranijivika, 1134 Puarasu, 630
Prasaha birds, A/140—See:— Puca, 949
Birds (varieties) Puchcha—See:—^Adavi-
Prasaram, 892 puchcha; Eti-puchcha; Verri-
Prasarini, 691; 892—See:— puchcha
Gandha-prasarini Puchie—See:—Putloo-puchie
Prasarinijati, 892 Pudal, A/167; 123^
Prashni, 976 Pudang, 790
Prasniparni, 1255—See:— Pudding pipe tree, 285—See:—
P a m i (varieties) Pipe tree
Prathusimbhi, 876—See:— Pudel, 1235
Simbhi Pudina—See:—Pahadi-pudina
Pratilasa, 847 Pudinah, 788—See:—Basarai
Pratti—See:—Adavi-pr atti phudina; Pahadi pudina;
Gamathi phudina
P r a t u d a birds, A/140—See:— Pudu, 1277
Birds (varieties) Pugaielai, 850
Pravala, A/156—See:—Vala Pugere, 850
(varieties)
Prawn, A/212 Puis-tarinaJ, A/206
 ^3?y
INDEX 901

Pukauola, 850 Pullampurachi, 890—See:—

Piikayila, 850 Purachi
Pulagam—See:—Mutheera Pullate—See:—Cheru-pullate
pulagaih PuUuri, 1277
Pulagamuchettu—See: — Pul-sathi, 1295—See:—Sathi
Muttava-pulagamuchettu Pulusukayulu, 163
Pulaguwa, 949 Pulut, 877
P u l a m kizhanrtia, 1095—See:— Pumag, 236
Kizhanma Pumagamu, 236
Pulan-kizhanga, 418—See:— Pumaram, 1114
Kizhanga Pumel, 345
Pulan-kizhanna, 418—See:— Pumi-chakarei, 760—See:—
Kizhanna Chakarei
Pulantic, 63 Pumpkin—See: —Benares
Pulavayr-puttay, 949—See:— pumpkin; Great pumpkipi;
Puttay Melon-pumpkin; Wliite-
Puleechash tree, 561 pumpkin
Puli, • 1191—See:—Korakpuli; Pimaka-pundu, 1081—See:—
Kuruka-puli; Ottam-puli; Pundu (varieties)
Paparapuli; Punampuli; Punali, 433
Punarpuli Punampuli 566—See:—Puli
Puliakire, 890—See:—Kire (varieties)
Pulia-rai—See:—^Rai Punamaba, 203
(varieties) Pimamava, 202; 203; 1228
Pulichai-keera, 628—See:— Punamavi, 1228
Keera; Seemai pulichai Punarpuli, 565—See:—^Puli
keera (varieties)
Puli-cheera, 632 Punatsu, 1262
Piilichevidu, 687 Pundi, 628—See:—Sanabina-
Pulichi, 628 pundi
Pulichintaku, 890 Pundibija, 632
PuHimada, 1283—See:—Mada Pundisoppu, 632
(varieties) Pundrika, 1264
Puli-naravi, 1284—See:— Pundu—See: —Vallaipundu;
Naravi Mukuthipundu; Vella-
Puli perandai, 1284—See:— pundu; Kanchipundu
Perandai Keerippundu; Punaka-
Pulivanji, 392 pundu
Puliyam-palam, 1191 Puney—See:—^Punugu-puney;
Puliyam-pazham, 1191—See:— Sawad-puney
Pazham (varieties) Pimgam—Maram, 1001
Puliyan, 1191 Pung-matheing, 201
Puliyarai, 890—See:—Rai
Punir, 1291
(varieties)
Pulla bachchali, 1284—See:— Punji—See:—Shimaepunji
Bachali Punmushtic, 334
Pulla gummidi, 185—See:— Pimnag, 235; 236—See:—Nag
Gummidi (varieties) (varieties)
 .902 THE INDIAN MATEHIA MEDICA

Punnaga, 235; 236; 860—See: Silajit; Shodhita

—Naga (varieties) Purified Talc, M/123—See:—
Punnagam, 235—See:—Nagam Talc (varieties)
(varieties) Purple chilli, 270—See:—
Punnag champa, 79—See:— Chilli (varieties)
Champa (varieties) Purple Fleabane, 1267—See:—
Punnagum, 236—See:— Fleabane (varieties)
Nagum Purple flower, 689
Punnaivirai, 236—See:—^Virai Purple Techrosia, 562—See:—
(varieties) Tephrosia
Punnangkottai, 1103—See:— Purpur—See:—Misur-purpur.
Kottai (varieties) Purpuxay-timur, 1303—See:—
Punti fish, A/215—See:—Fish Timur
(varieties) Purslane, 1007—See:—Garden
Punti-machh, .A/214—See:— purslane Purslane (varieties)
*Machh Pursung, 630
*>-!Punuga majar, A/234—See:— Purtuk, 157
Majar Puruga—See:—Cochinil-
Punugina-Bekku, A/234—See: purugu
—Bekku Purughu—See:—^Puttoo
Punugu-puney, A/234—See:— purughu
Puney Purugudu—See:—Nalla-
Punyalytha, 407 purugudu (varieties) •
Purachi—See:—^Pullampurachi Purukolli, 1059
Puramutti, 1251—See:— Puruni-sag, 1005—See:—Sag
Amutti & Mutti (varieties) (varieties)
Purandai, 1284 Purus—See:—Ratan-purus
Purandan—See:—Kiripuran- Purutti, 587
dan Purvarasam, 630
Purbia, 1126 Purvu—See;—^Err a-purvu
Piire flint, M/93—See:—Flint Pushara, M/103
P u r e tin, M/116—See:—Tin Pushkara, 385—See:—Padma-
(varieties) pushkara
Purgative croton, 396—See:— Pushkaramoola, 385—See:—
Croton Moola (varieties)
Purging Cassia, 285—See:— Pushkaramula, 694—See:—
Cassia (varieties) Mula (varieties)
Purhali-hullu, 104 Pushpa rakta; 932
Purhar, 986 Pushpi—See: —Arka-pushpi,
Purified French chalk, M/123 Vrihatpushpi; Dronapushpi;
—See:—Chalk (varieties) Nilpushpi; Raktapushpa
Purified internal fat of the hog, Pvushpika—Stee:—Sukra-f
A/136—See:—Fat of the hog pushpika; Arkapushpika
Purified Nitre, M/91—See:— Pusini, 407—See:—Nalla-
Nitre (varieties) pusini
Purified ox-gall, A/161—See:— Puskara, 1108
Ox-gall (varieties) Pusku, 1114
Purified Silajit, M/24—See:— Pussar, 271
 INDEX 9oa
Puta-jan, 1036—See:—Jan Pyoung, A/146
(varieties) Pyre—See:—^Tulka-pyre;
Putali—See Velley-putali Pani-pyre
Puta-tiga, 760—See:—Tiga Pyrites—See:—Iron pyrites;
(varieties) Copper pyrites
Putch—See:—Tambaga-putch Pyroborate, M/103
Puthorin, 952 Pyroborate of Sodium—See:—
Putika, 178 Sodium pyroborate
Putikaranja, 226—See:—
Karanja
Putlani, 1319
Putla-podra, 596—See:— Qasab, 172
Podra Qasabuzzarirah, 101; 1184
Piiitloo puchie, A/145—See: — Qimaq, A/179
Puchie Qishrul-khash-khash, 902—
Putol—See:— Kote Putol See:—Khash-khash
Putrada, 764 Quaker Button, 1175—See:—
Putrajanvi, 545 Button
Putra-]iva, 1036 Quakilahe-kalan, 93
Putrajuvi, 545—See:—Juvi Quakilahe-kibar, 93
(varieties) Qualami, 328
Putranjiva, 1036 Quassia wood, 1040
Putta-podara-ejarala, 468; 1262 Queckenwuezel, 56
Puttay—See:— Pulavayar- Quicklime, M/44—See:—^Lime
puttay (varieties)
Puttikai, 402—See:—Kai or Quick lime shell, M/45—See:
Kayi (varieties) —Lime-shell; Shell
Puttiyana, 788 (varieties)
Puttla, 1234 Quicksilver, M/67—See:—
Puttoo purughu, A/145—See: Silver
—^Purughu Quince, 1038—See:—Bengal
Putty, M/132 quince
Puva, 1114 Quinine—See:—Garden
Puvandi, 1103 quinine
Puvankurutala, 1270 Quisaul-barri, 805—See:—
Puvarasu, 1218 Barri
Puvati, 846 Quitch, 56
Puvenagah, 1107
Puvvarashah, 630
Pyaj, 63
Pyal-chari, 221 Ra, 1300
Pyara, 1017 Rabbit, A/191
Pyaungboo, 1304 ' Rabi—See:—^Khol rabi
Pya-ya, A/191 Rachandana, 1026
Pyaz—See:—Piyaz (varieties) Racha-neredu, 517—See: —
Pyintagar-ne-thi, 1041 Neredu (varieties)
Pyjnyoung, 543 Racha Usherihe, 163—See:—
Pylee, 676 Usherihe
 304 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Racine de Foughere Male, 467 Raja-kaseruka, 1117

—See:—Male Racine de Raja-koshataki, 752—See:—
Foughere Koshataki (varieties)
Radhuni, 280 Rajamasa, 460
Radim-el-bint, 469 Rajamashay 459; 1272—See:
.Radish, 1049—See:—Garden Masha (varieties)
radish; Hose-radish; Indjian Rajana, 610; 698
radish; Long-podded radish Rajani, 414
Rae—See: —^Banarsi-rae Rajanigandha, 997—See:—
Rae Champac, 795—See:— Gandha (varieties)
Champac Rajanikasa, 857—^Kasa
Raelachettu, 285 (varieties)
Ragatorohado, 1266 Rajaphala, 516
Ragha, 3—See:—Chili ragha Rajaputrika, 950
^ Ragi, M/47; 477~See:— Rajarah-Kalijya, 120
J J' Naviragi Rajasarsapa, 1140
T Ragulu, 477 Rajata, M/13
Raham—See:—^Teka-raham Rajatarini, 1073
Rahmaplfel, 115 Rajavraksha, 285
Rahu, A/215 Rajeh, 822
Rai, 215; 216; 448; 552; 140— Rajgira, 89
See:—Asar-rai; Basrai; Rajgiri, 89
Dhop-rai; Kalo-rai; Krishn- Rajika, 215; 477; 1140
rai Makra-rai; Pha-rai; 'Raj Kel', 822—See:—Kel
Vaellarai or Vallarai; (varieties)
Poongarai; Puliarai; Shindil- Raju—See:—Sugandha-Raju
shakkarai; Sufedrai; Thurai; Rakanpashana, M/95—See:-
Tuvarai Pashana (varieties)
Raia, 1131 Rakas-gaddah, 219—See:—
Raifort culaive, 1049 Gaddah
Raiga, 552 Rakkasa-gida—See:—Bala-
Raihane Qaranfulli, 864 rakkasi-gida
Rai-jaman, 518—See:— Rakashimatalu, 54
Jaman Rakaspattah, 54
Raikura, 699—See:—Kura RaktaJchandana, 1025—See:-
(varieties) Chandana (varieties)
Raila-baha, 176 Raktachitraka, 988—See:—
Raisarisa, 1140—See:—Sarisa Chitraka (varieties)
Raisarisha, 215—See:— Rakta-gandhamu, 1026—See:-
Sarisha (varieties) Gandhamu
Rai-sarson, 216—See:— Raktagarba, 730
Sarson (varieties) Rakta-jhav, 1193—See:—
Raish, 459 Jhav
Raisins, 1285 Raktaka, 932
Raitung, 1062—See:—Tung Rakta-kamal, 859—See:—
Raja-adana, 84r—See:—^Adana Kamal (varieties)
Rajadani, 802 Rakta-kambal, 860
Rajagro, 89 Rakta Kambul, 39
 INDEX 905

Rakta-kanchan, 182; 184— Ral-yahudi, M/23—See:—

See:—^Kanchan (varieties) Yahudi
Raktakeru, 529 Ramachham, 109
Eaktalu, 451—See:—Alu Ramakrot, 61—See:—^Akrot
(varieties) (varieties)
Kaktanag, M/86—See:—Nag Ramiala, 387—See:—Ala
(varieties) (varieties)
Raktapita, 1266 Ram-anjir, 551—See:—Anjir
Raktapolam, 75 (varieties)
Rakta-posta, 901 Ramatta, 537—See:—Atta;
Raktapushpa, 847^—See:— Sanatta
Pushpa-rakta Rambal, 550—See:—Bal
Raktarjuna, 1198—See:— (varieties)
Arjuna Rambana, 1253
Rakta-rohida, 94; 1000; 1055— Ram-begun, 1149—See:—
See:—Rohida Begun (varieties)
Rakta-sarsapa, 1139—See:— Rambha, 822
Sarsapa Ramboutan, 846
Raktasarshapa, 214—See:— Rambutan, 846
Sarshapa Rametha, 725
Rakta shalmali, 207—See:— Ramguoah, 281
Shalmali (varieties) Rami, 725
Rakta-shikha, 988—See:— '"Ram Kel", 822—See:—Kel
Shikha (varieties)
Raktata, 698 Ram-limbi, 742—See:—Limbi
Rakta-til, 1126—See:—Til (varieties)
(varieties) Ram limbu, 742—See:—
Raktavalli, 1266 Limbu (varieties)
Raktavindachada, 529 Ramoongie, 811
Raktavindu, 764 Rampatri, 834
Raktavinduchada, 526 Rampha, 448
Raktazoar, 1055 Ram-phal, 115; 834
Rakto-chita, 9 8 9 - S e e : — Ramsalik, A/136
Chita (varieties) Ramsar, 468; 1082; 1087; 1262
Raktochitra, 988 —See:—Sar (varieties)
Rakto-pui, 178 Ram-seetapandu, 115—See:—
Raktotpal, 859—See:—Pal Seetapandu; Pandu (varie-
(varieties) ties)
Ral, 800; 1132;" 1265 Ram-sitaphalam, 115—See:—
Rala, 897; 1131—See:— Sitapalam
Poliyarala Ramtal, 595—See:—Tal
Rala-arlu, 800—See:—Arlu (varieties)
Raldhup, 254—See:—^Dhup Ramtil, 595—See:—Til
(varieties) (varieties)
Ralla-sunnamu, M/44—See:— Ram-torai, 751—See:—^Torai
Sunnamu Ram-tulasi, 862; 863—See:—
Ralle, 898 Kattu ram-tulasi; Tulasi
Ralli, 965 (varieties)
58 .
 906 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Ramturai, 1—See:—^Turai Ranghol, 1007—See:—Ghol

(varieties) (varieties)
Ranabheri, 735 Rangi Basri, 552—See:—Basri
Ranachandal, 331 Rangini—See: —Kusar-
Ranacha-padavali, 1235—See: fangini
•—^Padavali Rangkain, 859
Ranaganja, 1255—See:— Rangoon bean, 938—See:—
Ganja (varieties) Beans (varieties)
Ranaguva, 422 Rangoon Creeper, 1046
Ranakalli; 716—See:—Kalli Rangoon malli, 1046—See:—
(varieties) Malli (varieties)
Ranamba, 748; 1166—See:— Rangret, 1055
Amba (varieties) Rangu--See:—Peddamrangu
Rana-vara, 284—See:—Vara Rangunu malli chettu, 1046
(varieties) Ranhalad, 414—See:—Halad
; Ranbhendi, 629; 630—See:— (varieties)
"V Bhendi (varieties) Ran-hald, 414
Ranbhendo—See:—^Hodlo Raniphul, 1000
Kanbhendo; Bhendo Ranjai, 350—See:—Jai
(varieties) (varieties)
Ran-bhopla, 722—See:— Ranjan, 39—See:—^Kesaranjan;
Bhopla (varieties) J a n (varieties)
Ranchimani, 101—See:— Ranjana, 802
Chimani Ranjanasal, 801—See:—Asal
Randhoni, 280 Ranje, 801
Randhuni, 119
Randodaki, 925 Rankapus, 588—See:—^Kapus
Randraksh, 1283—See:— (varieties)
Draksh Ran-methi, 446—See:—Methi
Ran-erandi, 705; 706—See:— (varieties)
Erandi (varieties) Ranmethy, 393—See:—Methi
Rang, M/116—See:—Balirang; (varieties)
Talmorang; Shay-rang; Ranmogri, 702—See:—^Mogri
Tamarang (varieties)
Ranga, M/116—See:—Macch- Ranmug, 940—^See:—Mug
ranga; Karmaranga; Nag- (varieties)
ranga Ranparul, 1235—See:—^Parul
Ranga-alu, 684—See:—Alu Ran-phanas, 145—See:—
(varieties) Phanas (varieties)
Rangamali, 199 Ransher, 1106—See:—Sher
Rangan, 698; 699 Ran-shevri, 1129—See:—
Rangan-ki-bel, 1046—See:— Shevri
Bel (varieties) Ran-ta-hadu, M/32
Ranga-shiraz, 1315—See:— Ran-tankala, 290—See:—
Shiraz Tankala
Rangchul, 520 Rantikhi, 1142—See:—TikhL
Ran-ghevada, 424—See:— Ran-tondala, 300—See:—
Ghevda (varieties) Tondala
 INDEX 907

Ran-tulasi, 861—See:—Tulasi Ratamba, 566—See:—^Amba

(varieties) (varieties)
Rantupkada, 1256—See:— Ratambasal, 566—See:—^Amba-
Tupkada sal.
Ran-turai, 753—See:—Turai Ratambu-sala, 566—See:-—Sala
(varieties) (varieties)
Ranukabija, 1277 Ratanalli, 163—See:—Alii
Rape seed, 214 Ratanhia, 1167
Raputagepinvar, 475 Ratanili, 1026—See:—Nili
Rasa, M/67; 333—See:— (varieties)
Zaharasa Ratanjot, 871
Rasadiya, M/68 Ratan-purus, 683—See:—
Rasagadi-manu, 1156 Purus
Rasagandha, 170—See:— Ratavilo, 746
Gandha (varieties) Rathoh, 1103
Rasaka, M/131 Rati, 5
Rasakinda, 356 Ratisurkh, 1233—See:—
Rasalah, 1083 Surkh (varieties)
Rasamala, 86 Ratkihiri, 11
Rasamalla, 747—See:—Malla Ratnagandi, 230—See:—Gan-
Rasan, 683 dhi (varieties)
Rasas, M/116 Ratnitul, 989
Rasashodhan, M/101 Ratobaval, 16—See:—Baval
Rasaut, 187 (varieties)
Rasayana-taru, 363 Ratolia, 746
Rasbija, 651 Ratop, 770
Rash-trakam, 77
Ratoshemalo, 208
Rasna, 77; 1088; 1263
Rasnah, 77 Ratpatha, 58—See:—Patha
Rasna Nai, 1263—See:—Nai (varieties)
Ratrinta, 1159
(varieties)
Ratta or Rattai—See:—Chitta-
Rasonam, 65
Raspberry, 1077—See:—Black ratta or Chittrattai; Pera-
Raspberry; Berries or Berry rattai; Shamberattai; Tama-
(varieties) ratta or Tamarattai
Rattanjog, 112
Rassam, M/68
Rattanjot, 705; 1274
Rasun, M/65 Rattankat, 1060
Raswal, 823 Rattle-snake, A / 2 2 8 — S e e r -
Rataba, 213 Snake
Rata-dummula, 167—See:— Rattonjot, 1008
Dununula Ratum, 748
Rata-kaju, 121—See:—Kaju Raudhuni, 280
Ratakakuna, 658 Rauhhaarige Bohne, 939
Ratali, 684 Ravacula, 713
Ratalio, 746 Ravan-pudya, 689
Ratalu, 451; 684—See:—Alu Ravarapatri, 689
(varieties) Rave, 1049
908 THE INDIAN lilATERIA MEDICA

Ravi, M/47; 552—See:—Gan- Red Poppy, 901—See:—

garavi; Kulla-ravi; Munigan- Poppy (varieties)
garavi i Red Rose, 1073—See:—Rose
Ravi-chettu, 552- (varieties)
Ravipriya, 776—See:—Priya Red-sage, 1094—See:—Sage
(varieties) (varieties)
Rawan, 726 Red Sandalwood, 1025—Seer-
Raw silk cocoon, A/145— Sandalwood
See:—Cocoon; Silk cocoon Red Sanders, 1025—See:—
Rayan, 215; 802; 1140 Sanders
Raziyanje-khatai, 675—See:— Red silajit, M/23—See:—
Khatai (varieties) Silajit (varieties)
Red Sorrel, 632—See:—
Realgar, M/19 Sorrel (varieties)
Rechanaka, 760 Red sulphide ash,—See:—
Recinte de Salsepareille, 619 Hingul bhasma, M/72
Red'^lgae, 571—See:— Red talc, M/123—See:—Talc
Algae, (varieties) (varieties)
Red bole, M/10—See:—Bole Red Teff Grass, 503—See:—
(varieties) Teffgrass
Red chalk, M/42—See:— Red toon, 294—See:—Toon
Chalk (varieties) Redwood tree—See:—Indian
Red cowries, A/158—See:— Redwood tree
Cowries (varieties) Red Yam, 451—See:—Yam
Red Creeper, 1266—See:— (varieties)
Creeper Reed grass—See:—^Pin Reed
Red currants, 1065—See:— Grass
Currants (varieties) Reetah, 13
Red earth, M/95—See:—Earth Regati—See:—^Pilaregati
(varieties) Rege mahi, A/170—See:—
Red gourd, 407—See:—Gourd Mahi (varieties)
* (varieties) Regmiahi, A/191—See:—
Red jasmine, 617—See:— Mahi (varieties)
Jasmine (varieties) Regu, 1316—See:—Kanregu
Red Lead, M/86—See:—Lead Reha, M/lOO
(varieties) Relagujju, 285
Red Mango, 566—See:— Religioser Fiegenbaum, 552
Mango (varieties) Renga—See:—Nallarenga
Red ochre, M/7, M/10; M/42— Rennet, A/218—See:—Vege-
See:—Ochre Ruddle table rennet
(varieties) Rennin, A/218
Red orpiment, M/19—See:— Renu, 580—See:—Gangarenu
Orpiment Renuk, 960
Red Oxide of lead, M/86— Renuka, 960
See:—Oxide of lead; Lead- Reptiles, A/217
oxide Resenrothe Bleiwurz, 988
Red pepper, 268—See:— Reshai-i-Khitame, 84
Pepper (varieties) Resham-na-potan, A/145
 INDEX

Resh-i-Wala, 1260 Rihana—See:—^Tukhm-i-

Reshmi-chi-keed, A/145 rihana
Reshmi-hula, A/145 Rikhai, 1196
Reshmiki-keedi, A/145 Keedi Rinbadam, 422—See:—
Resin—See:—Cambi resin Badam
Resin tree—See:—Piney Resin Ringani, 1149—See:— Bhorin-
tree gani; Bhuiringni; Bhumirin-
Ressas, M/83 gani; Kanteringani Motirin-
Reta—See:—Peria reta gani; Ubhiringani
Retinagakesara, 860—See:— Ringni, 1156—See:— Bhuringni
Kesara; Nagakesara, Nag Ringri, 166
Kesara; ginhakesara Ringworm shrub, 283
Retsamaram, 1303 Rintya-rooku, 1103
Revachini, 565—See:— Chini Riong 771
(varieties) Rirga, 923
Reval-chini, 1056—See:—Chini Rishabha, 756
(varieties). Rispiger Myrobala-nenbaum,
Reva] chini-pa], 565—^See:— 1205
P a l (varieties) Ritha, 13; 1102—See:—
Revanchini—See:—^Bangla- Bara Ritha
revanchini Riti, 128
Revand-chini, 1056—See:— Rival-chinipal, 565—See:—
Chini (varieties) Chinipal
Rhabarber, 1056 River-fish, A / 2 1 3 — S e e r -
Rhadchampo, 993—See:—
Fish (varieties)
Champo (varieties)
Rhee, 957 Roatanga, 1114
Rhetsa-maram, 1303 Rock anethum, 580—See:—
Rheuchini, 1056—See:— Anethum
Chini (varieties) Rocket, 506
Rhi, 957 Rockmoss, 922—See:—Moss
Rhinoceros—See:—Geat One- (varieties)
horned Rhinoceros Rocksalt, M/89; M/108—
Rhizome de Chiendent, 56 See:— Salt (varieties)
Rhubarb—See:—Himalayan Rocou, 199
Rhubarb; Indian Rhubarb Rbeen, M/48
Rhubarb de perse, 1056 Rogani—See:—Katukarogani
Rhus sugandhi, 107—See:— Rogan-i-balsan, 171—See: —
Sugandhi (varieties) Balsan
Ribbed Luffa, 751—See:— Roghane-kunjad, 1127
Luffa (varieties) Roghani zaghira, 743—See:—
Rice, 877—See:—Fermented Zaghira
rice Rohan, 1161
Ricin, 1065 Rohee fish, A/215—See:—
Ricinus, 1065 Fish (varieties)
Riddhi, 756 Rohida—5ee:—Rakta-rohida
Riesenkurbis, 407 Rohina, 1161
910 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Rohini, 1161—See:—Kadugu- Rose de Chine, 631—See:—

rohini; Katukarohini; Katu- Chinese Rose; China Rose
rohini Rose (varieties)
Rohira, 1197 Rose malloes, 747
Rohita, A/215—See:— Rosenapfel Jambuse, 518
Lobeorohita Rosen artige Ketmie, 631
Rohitaka, 94 Rosewood, 432
Rohitaka fish, A/159—See:— Rosha grass, 104
Fish (varieties) Roshel, 111
Rohu fish, A/215— See:— Roshunia, 1164
Lobearohu, Fish (varieties) Rosier Musque, 1073
Rohuna, 1161 Rosinen, 1285 ^
Rojappu, 1072 Rossolis en-bouclier, 465
Roja-puvu, 1072 Rothe Sabderiffe, 632
Rojen—See:—Nallarojen Roti—See:—Wander-roti
Rojiacha-phul, 1190 Rotka, 477
Rojmari, 20—See:—Mari Rottlera, 760
(varieties) Rough Chaff tree, 21—See:—
Romakanta, M/55—See:— Chaff-tree
Kanta (varieties) Round Leaf Sundew, 465—
Roman vitriol, M/52—See:— See:—-Leaf-Sundew
Vitriol (varieties) Round Zedoary, 418 —See:—
Rondapatti, 629—See:—Patti Zedoary (varieties)
Rongdi, 433 Royal, 1286
Roosa grass, 107 RozeUe Hemp, 632—See:—
Rosachettu, 113 Hemp (varieties)
Rosalgar, M/19 Rozi, 591
Rosa moschata, A/203 Ruaghas, 111
—See:—Moschata Rubabarik, 1148
Rosary, 863 Rubber-tree—See:— Assam
Rose:—See:—^Bisamrose; Cab- rubber-tree
bage-Rose; China or Chinese Rubenrettig, 1049
Rose; Rose - d e - C h i n e Rubhae-soos, 582
Damask - R o s e ; French Rubra Bole—See:—Bole
Rose; Red rose; Hundred- rubra
leaved Rose; White Rose; Rubussusa, 582
Musk-scented Rose; Paeoney Ruddle or Red Ochre, M/95—
Rose; Persian Rose; , Indian See:—Ochre (varieties)
white rose Rudhrapushpa, 630
Rose Apple, 518—See:— Rudrajata, 139
Apple (varieties) Rudrak, 473
Rosebay—See:—East Indian Rudrakai, 473—See:—^Kai or
Rosebay; Indian Rosebay Kayi (varieties)
Roseberry Spurge, 847—See:— Rudraksh, 473
Spurge (varieties) Rudraksha, 473
Rose-coloured Lead-wort 988— Rudrakshi, 595
See:—Lead-wort; W h i t e - Rudrakshkamba, 118
lead-wort Rudrakya, 473
 INDEX
911

liudranti, 388 SahU-fish, A/215—See:—Fish

Hue—See;—Garden rue; (varieties)
Syrian rue; Wall-rue Sabuni, 1104—^Lal sabuni;
Rugtrora, 1197 Lovet Sabuni
Ruhiumula, 139—See:—Mula Sabuni Lai, 122S—See:— Lai
(varieties) sabuni; Lovet sabuni
Rui, 587 Sabusie, 1104
Rui-machh, A/215—See:— Sabz—See:—Zake-sabz
Machh (varieties) Sabza, 861
Eukh-alu, 721; 1054—See:— Sabzah, 861
Alu and Aloo (varieties) Sacred Fig, 552—See:—Fig
Rukhtopuri, 177 (varieties)
Ruktamukta, 230—See:— Sacred kusagrass, 994—See:—
Mukta Kusagrass
Ruktasimal, 207 Sacred Lotus, 844—See:—
Riimadi, 548 Lotus (varieties)
Rumbal, 548 Sadab, 1081—See:—Burg-
Rumdi-rooku, 548 sadab
Rumi—See:—5akir-rumi Sadabherenda, 1065—See:—
Rumi Mastaki, 973—See:— Bherendxa
Mastaki Sadachandan, 1098—See:—
Rumi-mastungi, 973—See:— Chandan (varieties)
Mastungi Sadada, 1211
Runner-Bean—See:—Scarlet Sada-dhatura, 440—See:—
Runner Bean; Beans Dhatura (varieties)
(varieties) Sadado, 1198
Rupa, M/13 Sadaf, A/158
Rupeh, M/14 Sadah-dhatura, 434—See:—
Rupun, M/14 Dhatura (varieties)
•Rupya, M/13 Sada hurhuria, 599—See:—
Rus, 40 Hurhuria
Rush—See:—Sweet-rush Sada kufee, 428—See:—
Rusmari, 1074—See:—Mari Kufee
(varieties) Sada Kuppa, 935—See:—
Russian musk, A/197—See:— Kuppa (varieties)
Musk (varieties) Sadamandi, 485 —See:—^Mandi
Russian Sun-flower, 592— Sadamusli, 411—See:—Musli
See:—Sun-flower (varieties)
Rutthraksham, 473 Sadapaha, 1081
Ruvi, 237 Sadapaka, 1081
Sadaphal, 345
Sadaphala, 363
Sadar, 1211
Saatar, 1304 Sadavari, 154—See:—^Vari
Sabajhi, 861 (varieties)
Sabbajaya, 255 Sadeva, 1137
Sabbasige 557; 935 Sadkoofi, 44fr—See:—Koofi
Sabiralachettu, 892 Sadori, 1270
912 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Sadra—See:—^Arjuna sadra Safed sarsu, 506—See:—

Sadulkou, 787 Sarsu
Safarchand, 1039—See:— Safed Savara, 505—See:—
Chand (varieties) Savara (varieties)
Safargang —See:—Seb-safar- Safedsimul, 505—See:—
gang Simul
Safeda, 1005 Safed-siris, 61—See:—Siris
Safed Aghedo, 21—See:— (varieties)
Aghedo Safed tekar, 353—See:—
Safed ak, 242—See:—Ak Tekar (varieties)
Safed Babul, 16—See:—Babul; Safed-todri:—See:—Todri
Gandbabul; Safed babul; Safed
Vilayati-babul Safedvelchi, 822—See:— Vel-
Safed bahman, 299—See:— chd (varieties)
Bahman Safed-Zake-See:—Zake-
.jSafed berela, 1137—See:— Safed
t Berela (varieties) Safeta musli, 151—See:—
Safed Chandan, 1098—See:— Sufed musli; Musli
Chandan (varieties) (varieties)
Safed damar, 1265—See:— Saf-flower, 278
Damar (varieties) Saffron, 389; 414—See:—
Safed dhatura, 434—See:— Bastard Saffron; Cobra's
Dhatura (varieties) saffron; Meadow-saffron;
Safed Elchi, 822—See:— Wild-saffron
Elchi (varieties) Safran, 390—See:—Faux
Safe-dind, 705 safran
Safed-Jeera, 408—See:— Safraul-bagaz, A/161
Jeera (varieties) Sag, 444; 1164—See:—Baluka-
Safed Jiraun, 408—See:— Sag, Bathu-sag; Lal-sag; P u -
Jiraun runi-sag
Safed kaddu, 408—See:— Sag-angur or Angurshefa, 160
Kaddu (varieties) Sagappusinduram, M/86—
Safed-karami, 624—See:— See:—Sinduram
Kammi (varieties) Sagapu, 669
Safed khatyan, 505—See:— Sagar-gota, 229—See:— Gota
Khatyan (varieties)
Safed kikar, 16—See:—Kikar Sagdi, 1114
(varieties) Sage, 1094>—See:—^Bloodveen-
Safed morugphul, 297—See:— ed Sage; Common Sage;
Morugphul Garden-Sage; Red Sage
Safed murga, 90—See:— Sage-leaved alangium, 58—
Murga (varieties) See:—^Alangium
Safed musli, 309, 411—See:— Sagl-surmah, M/13—See:—
Musli (varieties) Surma (varieties)
Safed sambala, M/15—See:— Sago, 1088—See:—Bastard
Sambala Sago
Safed sarson, 506—See:— Sagona, 1203
Sarson (varieties) Sago-palm—See:—Malabar
 INDEX 915

sago-palm; Palm (varieties) Saka, 1197—See:—Itsaka;

Sagovani, 430 Palamsaka; Sumandarsaka
Sagur-ghota, 226—See:— Sakalia, 587
Ghota Sakalio, 587
Sagwan, 1197; 1203 Sakara-kand, 1190—See:—
Sahadevi, 1270 Kand (varieties)
Sahadevi-bari, 1159—See:— Sakaria, 684
Bari (varieties) Sakashresta, 444
Sahajna, 811 Sakayi, 1234; 1290—See:—
Sahasrafali, 822 Kai or Kayi (varieties)
Sahasrafani, 823 Sakena, 680
Sahasraki, 15 Sakernimbu, 346—See:—
Sahasrvedhi, 537 Nimbu (varieties)
Sahebi, 1286—See:—Kali- Sakharkand, 684—See:—
sahebi; Pandhri-sahebi Kand (varieties)
Saheela, 977 Sakhar-kund, 684—See:— •
Sahinjan, 811—See:—Jan Kund
(varieties) Sakhotaka, 1171
Sahor, 1171 Sakhri, 1286
Sahora, 1171 Sakhu, 1132
Saht, A/191 Sakir-rumi, 973—Se^:—
Sai, 1011^-See:—Kutsai; Rumi
Yangtsai Sakkar or Sakkar-teti, 402—
Saila-myah, 328 See:—Teti
Sain, 1211 Sakkaraivallik-kizhangu,
Saindhalavanam, M/108— 684—See:—Kizhangu
See:—Lavanam (varieties) (varieties)
Saindhava 170; M/90; M/98; Sak-keri,vellei-Kelangu, 684—
M/108 See:—Kelangu
Sain-Jnah, 810 Sak munia, 376
Saj, 1197; 1211 Sakotra hannu, 345
Sajadan, 1198 Sakrasakan, 634
Sajgure, 930 Sakusa, 403
Sajikhara, M/lOl—See:— Sal, 1132; 1197—See:—
Khara (varieties) Dhadsal; Pitsal; Thadsal;
Sajina, 811 Shirsal; Spivanasal
Sajja, 930 Sala, 1132—See:—Pitsala,
Sajjado, 628 Ratambu-Sala
Sajjikhar or Barilla, M/101 Salab, 873—See:—Anab-es-
Barilla—See:—Khar (vari- salab
Salabmisri, 873
eties) ' Salad, 719
Sajjinoon, M/101 Salai, 211—See:—Karisalai
Sajo, 1211 Salaitree, 167
Sak, 9—See:—Amrul-sak; Me- Salaka—See:—^Dhuve Salaka
dasak; Brihmi-Sak; Kalmi- Salakhi, 211
sak; Nuni-sak; Simbu-sak; Salam—See:—Ude-salam;
Tektasak; Tursak Udsalam.
 S14 THE INDIAN HIATERIA MEDICA

Salamisri, 874 Samak, 897—See:—Gerius

Sal Ammoniac, M / l l S e e : — samak
Ammoniac Samaka, 1061
Salangani—See:—Karisalan- Samalu, 1278—See:—Panisa-
gani malu
Salap, 873—See:^Anbus-sa- Samandar, 176
lap; Badsah-salap-, Ud-salap Samandarkapat, 1S7—See:—
Salaras, 1185 P a t (varieties)
Salbia-sefakuss, 1094 Samanderka patte, 137
Sale-bin, 1032—See:—Bin Samar "872
(varieties) Sambal—See:—Kadasambal;
Saleet, 719 Lal-sambal
Salep misri, 873 Sambala— See:—Safed- Sam-
Salep Orchid, 873—See:— bala; Sankhya-sambala
Orchid Sambalakshara, M/15
S a l a m i s r i , 519 Sambal-uppu, M/88^--See:—
Salita—See:—Chinai-salita Uppu (varieties)
Sallow, 1089 Sambar, 446
Salol, M/75 Sambarasinga, A/153—See:—
Salpani, 612 Singa (varieties)
Salsa, 619—See:—Hindi salsa Sambar-balli, 1283
Salsel-dhup, 958—See:— D h u p Sambar singdun, A/153
(varieties) Sambe-mani, M/2
Salsify, 1226 Sahbera, 1283
Salsoda, M/101 Sambhalu, 1278
Salt—See:—Black-salt; Gutika Sambhalulcabeej, 960
salt, Rock-salt; Sanchal salt; Sambhava—See:—^Nagasam-
Sea-salt; Table-salt; Bay- bhava
salt; Common-salt Sambrani, 211; 253-r-See:—
Salt of Steel, M/63—See:— Parangi-sambrani
Steel Sambranicbettu, 624
Salt of Tartar, M/88—See:— Sambul-u-'I hind, 840
Tartar Sambunerinchi, 1230
Samee, 800
Saltpetre, M/90
Sametrapalam, 177
Sal Tree, 1132 Samgh-i-Arabi, 486
Saluka, 859 Sahmun, 1028
Salum, 519; 874 Sami, 800; 1011
Salvadore de Persa, 1092 Samin, A/229; 935
Salvan, 612 Sammi—See:—^Tagai'-sanTmi
Salyuna—See:—^Phatura Sammula far, M/15
Salyuna Samon-ne, 855
Samada, 533 Samoodraka, 733
Samadara, 1096 Sampagni puvvu, 795
Samaghe sanobara, 958— Sampangi, 795 See:—
See:—Sanobara (varieties) Nilasampangi
Samagh Hamama, 542—See:— Samparuthi, 208—See:—
Hamama Paruthi
 INDEX 915

Sam-payen 103—See:—Payen Sanapu, 392

Sampenga—See:—^Virusam- Sanapuspi, 394
penga; Nelasampenga Sanatta, 457—See:—Atta
Samphire, 730 (varieties)
Sampige, 795—See:^Kadu- Sanaubar, 959—See:—Bar
sampige; Naga-sampige; Ne- (varieties)
lasampige San.bh.alu—See;—Sufed san-
Sam-ki-Kumb, 138 bhalu
Samp-phali, 442 Sanchal, M/98
Samprani, 607 Sanchal Salt, M/98—See:—Salt
Samse, 800 (varieties)
Samstravadi, 177 Sanchhikaram, M/101—See:—
Samudarphal, 176 Karam (varieties)
Samudraguggul, 170-—See:— Sandal—See:—Sufeed sandal
Guggul Sandale surkh, 1026—See:—
Samudra Lavana, M/98; Surkh (varieties)
M/109;—See:—Lavana Sandalwood—See:—Red san-
(varieties) dalwood; white sandalwood
Samudranaligay, A/210 Sandam, 432
Samudrapad, 177 Sandan, 890
Samudrapalaka, 136 Sandarus, 1225
Samudraphal, 177 Sanders—See:—Red sanders
Samudraphena, A/210 Sandhya-raga, 803; 997
Samudraphina, A/210 Sandigumbala, 185—See:—'
Samudrapunuragu, A/210 Gumbala (varieties)
Samudrapu-tenkaya, 749 Sand Lizard, A/170—See:—
Samudrashokha, 136-137 Lizard
Samudrika—See:—Dholasa- Sandra—See:—^Kaviri-sandra
mudrika Sanduballi, 1284
Samudupu-pachi, 591—Sec.— Sang—See:—Suraj-sang
Pachi (varieties) Sanga, 811
SamutrapuUam, 176 Sangam Koppi—See:—Pina-
Samve, 897 sangam-Koppi; Koppi
Samyasi, 342 Sangan-kuppi, 352—See:—
San, 392—See:—^Kharasan; Kuppi (varieties)
Sapasan Sang-e-Sira Mahi, M/96—
Sana, 392; 628—See:—Hindi- See:—Mahi (varieties)
sana; Dirisana; Tagarsana Sang-e-yahuda, M/95
Sanabina-pundi, 392--See:— Sanggye, 1125
Pundi Sang-i-basari, M/131
Sanabu, 392 Sang-i-sabz, M/64
Sanadika, 203 Sangkhaphuli, 1274
Sanae-e-Hindi, 286—See:—
Sangmakrani, M/46
Hindi (varieties)
Sangu, A/164
Sanaga—See:—Uppu-sanaga
Sanajali-hullu, 138 Sang-zen, 339
Sanapami, 1017—See:—Pami Sanipat, 1114—See:—Pat
(varieties) (varieties)
916 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Sanji, 291 Santal Rouge, 1025

Sanjirahat, M/46 Santara, 339
Sanjit, 1318 Santhni-rooku, 80
Sanjna, 811 Santonin, 142
Sanjui, 701—See:—Jui Sanwa, 895
(varieties) Sanwak, 895
Sanjuvanchivel, 617 Saon, 899
Sanka, A/164 Saonf, 955
Sankarjata, 1256 Sapasan, 139—See:—San
Sankh, A/164 (varieties)
Sankha-jirun, M/96—See:— Sap-devi, 1137
Jirun Sapeta, M/85
Sankhalu, 459—See:—Alu Sapfulu, 442
(varieties) Saphansi, 545
San^iavisha, M/15—See:— Sapharjala—See:—^Hubbus
ViSha (varieties) sapharjala
San-khu, 296 Saphed-panaki-jhad, 77
Sankhya, M/15 Saphenaka, 902
Sankhya Pashana, M/16— Saphijirik, 1221
See:—^Pashana (varieties) Saphurii, 407
Sankhya sambala, M/16— Sapistan, 379
See:—Sambala (varieties) Sapla—See:—Nil-sapla
Sanki-til, 1126—See:—Til Sapodilla plum, 20—See:—
(varieties) Plum (varieties)
Sanklee, 368 Sapota, 20
Sankula-Jamala, 611—See:— Sappanga, 230
Jamala Sappan wood, 230
Sanmadat, 1198 Sappaththi, 631
Sanna—See:—^Kura-sanna Sappat-tup-pu, 631
Sanna-eechalumara, 945— Sappu, 795
See:—^Eechalamara Saprotri, 1113
Sannakage-soppu, 947—See:— Sapsan, 139
Kagesoppu Sapsanda, 139
Sannapappu, 1007—See:— Sapsikaddula, 139
Pappu (varieties) Sapsundi, 128
Sannarastram, 77 Saptala, 13
Sann hemp, 392—See:—Hemp Saptaparna, 80
(varieties) Sapu, 955—See:—Walu-sapu
Sanni-naegam, 1268 Sapussundu, 685
Sanobara—See:— Hubula-san- Sar, 1082—See:—Kalisar; Bija-
gbara; Tukhm-i-Sanobara; sar; Ghausar; RamSar
Samaghe sanobara Sara, M/55,- 410; 1087—See:—
Sanpia, M/62 Lolisara
Sanrashtam, 77 Sarado, A/170
Sant, 202 Sarah, 225
Santag, 392 Sarahati, 872
Santala, 339 Sarakkonnai, 285—See:—•
Santal blanc, 1098 Konnai (varieties)
 INDKX 917

Saral, 958 Sarsaparillwurzel, 619

Sarala, 957 Sar-shaf, 216
Sarala drava, 957 Sarshapah, 216
Saral-pakhi, A/136 Sarshapah—See:—^Rakta-
Saranai, 1228—See:—Vellai- sarshapa
saranai Sarshio—See:—Pitosarshio
Sarapuna, 237 Sarsio—See:—Moto-sarsio
Sarapunkha, 561 Sarsom, 1139
Saras, A/143 Sarson, 215—See:—Jangli-
Sarasa, A/143 sarson; Kali-sarson; Rai-sar-
Saraswathi, 662 son; Safed-sarson
Sarbarivel, 1283 Sarsu—See:—Safed-sarsu
Saribha, 619 Sarsva, 215
Sariqun, 142 Saru—See:—^Eru-saru; Shiri-
Sariro, 543 saru
Sarisa, 215; 1139—See:—Raisa- Saruboke, 410
risa Sarumanu—See:—Eru-saru-
Sarisha—See:—Svetasarisha; manu
Raisarisha Sarvadi, 827
Sariva, 619; 674—See:— Sarvajaya, 255—See:—Jaya
Krishna sariva Sarvalai, 1228; 1229
Sarivan, 612 Sarvari, 90
Sarjaka, 1265 Saryun, 877
Sarjikakshara, M/101 Sasa, 403
Sarjjasasamu, 800 Sasaka, A/191
Sarkanda, 1082; 1087—See:— Sasam, 215—See:—^Kalen-
Kanda (varieties) Sasam
SarkareivalU, 684 Sasive—See:—^Kadusasive
Sarokkonnoi, 285—See:— Sasivey, 215—See:—^Kari-
Konnoi sasivey
Saroli, 71 Sassi, 392
Sarpadarushtrika, 596 Sasyaka, M/52
Sarpa-gandha, 1050—See:— Satado—See:—Motosatado
Gandha (varieties) Satagunda, 281
Sarpakhya, 451 Satakuppi, 935—See:—Kuppi
Sarpakshi, 872 (varieties)
Sarpashi-chettu, 872 Satamuli, 152—See:—Mull
Sarpati—See:—^Bhuisarpati (varieties)
Sarpavisha A/218—See:— Satap, 1081
Visha (varieties) Satapatri, 1071; 1072
Sarphankha, 561 Satavar, 153
Sarphenka, 561 Satavari 153; 154— See:—Vari
Sarphoka, 290 (varieties)
Sarsapa—See:— Rakta-sarsapa Satavari-muU, 153
Sarsaparilla—See:—Indian Sataver, 151
Sarsaparilla; Country Sar- Satbalon, 998
saparilla; Jamaica Sarsapa- Sat-gilo, 1220—See:—Gilo
rilla; Wild Sarsaparilla Sathi, 1095—See:—Pul-sathi
 918 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Sathphal, 176 Sawad, 827

Sathra, 875 Sawad-puney, A/234—See:—
Sati, 418 Puney (varieties)
Satin spar, M/46 Sawala, 1262
Satmuli, 153—See:—Muli Sawbhalu> 1278
(varieties) Saya, 610
Satmung, 855—See:—^Mung Sayadevi, 1270
(varieties) Sa-yo-mai, 969
Satodimool, 203—See:—Mool Sazaj-i-Hindi, 331~See:—
(varieties) Hindi (varieties)
Sattu, M/130 Scarfeckige Gurke, 751
Satu, 653 Scarlet Runner Bean, 939—
Satudo, 1228 See:—^Beans (varieties)
Satveen, 80 Schildblattiriger Ampfer,vl080
Satyanasa, 133 Schild formiger arum, 372
Saum,a, 876 Schlangenfruchtiga Haarblume,
SauM-assar, 876 1236
SauiS, 557—^See;—^Badi saunf; Schmal-blattrige Kurkume, 413
Bari-saunf SchuUi—See:—Paina SchuUi
Saurab, 389 Schuppenblattrige Blattblume,
Saurastra-mruttika, M/lOO:— 949
See:—Mrittika (varieties) Schwaizholzbaum, 453
Sauriarak, 1000 Schwartze pfeffer, 969
Saurif, 955 Schwarzer, Kummel, 855
Sautekayi, 403—See:—Kai or Schwefelsaures Eisenoxydul
Kayi (varieties) M/64
Sauvage—See:—^Mente- Schweilbeere, 1171
sauvage Schwimmende muschelnlume,
Sauvira, M/13—See:—Vira
976
(varieties)
Sauviranjana, M/87—See:— Sciefblattriger-Judendendron,
Anjana (varieties) 1317
Sauz-bawwa, 830 Scimsapa, 1298
Sava, 899—See:—Ghoti-sava Scioenidus Pama, whiting,
Savara—See:—Pandr esavara; A/214
Safed-savara Sclafmohn, 901
Savari—See:—Shembal Savari Screwpine—See':—Fragrant
Savarikappusu, 208—See:— screwpine; Pine
Kappusu Screw-tree— See:—East-Indian
Savaru—See:— Tambdi-savam screwtree; Indian screw-tree
Save, 899 Scwarzar senf, 1140
Savirela, 892 Scwarzary-senf, 216
Savirsambharu, 113 Sea-beet—See:—Beet; Sugar
Savite-mannupu, 101—See:— sea-beet
Mannupu Sea cocoanut, 749—See:—Co-
Savasambar, 1283 coanut
Savte—See:—Mullusavte Sea fish, A/214—See:—Fish
Savura, 1186 (varieties)
 INDEX 919

Sea salt, M/108—See:—Salt Sehud, 529 '

(varieties) Sehund, 522; 524—See:—
Seaweeds, 591—See:—Weeds Berki-schund
(varieties) Sehunda; 522
Sebesten plum or fruit, 379— Seidz-huruf; 1142
See:—Plum (varieties) Seir fish A/215—See:—Msh
Sebhaphala, 1039 (varieties)
Seb-safargang, 1039—See:— Seivappukaychuri, 632
Safargang Sejanduna, 432
Sechszeilige Gerste, 653 Sejhana, 154
Sedhalon, M/108 Sejji, 930
Seekai, 13—See:—Kai or Kayi Sekhage, 573
(varieties). Sekto, 811
Seekaya, 1^—See:—^Kai or Selenite gypsum—See:—
Kayi (varieties) Gypsum selenite
Seemachinta, 978^—See:— Selu, 379
Chinta (varieties) Selupa, 474
Seemagati, 283—See:—Gati Selusaran, 926
Seemagogu, 632—See:—Gogu Sem, 939; 942—See:—Vilaiyte-
(varieties) sem.
Seemai pulichai keera, 632— Semal moosali, 208—See:—
See:^—Keera; Pulichai keera Moosali; Mosali
Seematangedu, 290—See:— Semmaram, 94
Tangedu (varieties) Sempagam,. 796
Seemaychunnambu, M/41— Semparathan, 631
See:—Chumiambu Senagalu, 311
Seemay Tekkali, 756—See:— Seiiamakki, 287
Tekkali Sendhalon, M/108
Seereh, 961 Sendhi, 1300
Seesaka, M/83 Sendhurlavana M/108—See:—
Seetapandu, 116—See:—Ram- Lavana (varieties)
seetapandu; Pandu Sendubeerkai, 753—See:—^Kai
(varieties) or Kayi (varieties)
Segagadda, 1264—See:—Gadda Senduramu—See:—Yerrasen-
(varieties) duramu
Segan, 1197
Segandun^—See:—Tinisa- Senduria, 199
segandun Sendurkam, 278
Segapu, 1017—See:—Goyya Sendur lavana, M/91—See:—
pazham Lavan (varieties)
Segapu-munthari, 184 Sendurukkai, 278—See:—Kai
Segiyav, 256 or Kayi (varieties)
Segumkati, 798 Senhog—See:—Oil of Sen hog;
Segve, 811 Hog
Sehadid Kalli, 522—See:— Senji, 786
Kalli (varieties) Senna—See:—Alexandrian
Sehar, 1056 senna; Country senna; Indian
Sehkham, A/164 seima; Tinnevelly senna
 320 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Senna Sophera, 290 Seville orange, 341—^See:—

—See:—Sophera Orange (varieties )
Sensitive commiine, 799 Sewagil, 294
Sensitive Plant, 799 Sevya, 552
Seo-chana, 533—See:—Ghana Seya-kul, 1318—See:—Kul
(varieties) (varieties)
Seoli, 857 Sfetshimool, 505—See:—Mod
Sephalika, 857; 1278 (varieties)
Seppankuzhangu, 372—See:— Sha, 11—See:—^Kyoung-sha
Kuzhangu Shaamhafte Sinnplauze, 799
Seppudday, 1108 Shabb-zaje-abyaz, M/2
Serangkottai, 1119—See:— Shab-i-yemeni, M / 2
Kottai (varieties) Shabju, 481
Sera-sham-e-Mahi, A/135— Shabke pandekajhad, 199—
See:—Mahi (varieties) See:—Pandekajhad
*, Serd-Chubah, 415—See:— Shadaburi, 1119—See:—Buri
' Chubah Shadad Angabina, A/191—
Seri, 580 See:—Angabina
Seria, 761 Shada kumra, 408—See:—
Seri-gally-gista, $94 Kumra (varieties)
Serikos, A/145 Shada-phul, 1274
Seringi, 1295 Shadavari—See:—Shimai sha-
Serjania curassavica, A/203 davari; Vari (varieties)
Serookaya, 787 Shaddock of West Indies, 345
Serpana, 141 Shadgrandika, 412—See:—
Serpent—See:—Concombre Grandika
serpent Shadgranthagolomi, 35—See:—
Serpent poison, A/217—See:— Granthagolomi
Poison Shadurakkally, 522—See:—
Serpent stone, M/97; A/144 Kally
Seruppadai, 371 Shaffrochi, 1113
Seruppunerinji, 678—See:— Shafri, 1188
Nerinji (varieties) Shaggy Buttonweed, 1162—
Servu-kittalay, 1039—See:— See:—Buttonweed
Kittalay Shahabula, A/138 ^
Sesaba—See:—Fivala-sesaba Shahad, A/191
Sesame, 11261 Shahasfaram, 861
Sesamum, 1126 Shahdevi, 310
Sesom, 1126 Shah sufian, 790
Sessoogachh—See:—^Kala- Shahtara, 560
sessoogachh Shahtarah, 561
Seta-andir, 593 Shahtaraz, 580
Setakata, 593 Shahterah, 561
Seutkherua, 529 Shainah, 811
Sev, 1039 Shair-ul-jin, 43
Sevala, 465 Shajrat-ol-kafur, 117
Sevamanu, 94 Shajratuna-narajila, 363
Sevati, 1071 Shajratur-rumman, 1032
 INDEX 921

Shakakul, 153—See:— Kul Shamalata, 674

(varieties) Shamalic, 1278
Shakanarupillu, 111—See:— Shambalida, 622
Pillu (varieties) Shamberattai, 631—See:—
Shakar-al-lighal, 242 Rattai or Ratta (varieties)
Shakara tagara, A/166 See:— Shambirani, 1181
Tagara (varieties) Shamblidebari, 1138—See:—
Shakardana, 371—See:— Bari (varieties)
Dana (varieties) Shamdulum, 474
Shakar pitan, 528—See:— Shameeruku, 9
Pitan Shami, 148; 1011
Shakataka, 543 Sham-lethe-dashti, 1138
Shaker-e-tigala, A/166 Shamlita, 1240
Shakir surkh, 1083—See:— Shampang, 795
Surkh (varieties) Shamuddirapachchai, 137
Shakkan Kirai, 1080—See:— Shamuke, 1195
Kirai (varieties) Shanabo, 392
Shakkarai—See:—Shindil- Shanagakaya—See:—Viru-
shakkarai shanagakaya
Shak-nooni, 1005—See:— Shanal, 392
Nooni-shak Shanalu, 1015
Shakri, 593 Shanballi, 572
Shal, 843 Shanbhaluka-bija, 1277
Shalaguni—See:—Karisha- Shandanak-kattai, 1098
laguni Shanganni—See:—Karishan-
Shalanganni—See:—Karisha- ganni
langanni Shangir, 5
Shalangli, 1142 Shankapushpa, 354
Shalaparni, 612—See:—^Parni Shankapushpi, 354; 531
(varieties) Shankapuspam, 354
Shalgham, 214 Shankat-ul-beda, 1234—See:—
Shallaki, 212 Beda
Shallattu, 719 Shankeshwar, 1298
ShaUot, 62 Shankha, A/164
Shallow-water fish, A/214— Shankhahuh, 263; 1297—See:—
See:—Fish (varieties) Huli (varieties)
Shalmali, 817—See:—Rakta- Shankhajiri, M/96—See:—Jiri
shalmali; Svetashalmali (varieties)
Shalook, 860 Shankha-pushpi, 263
Shalparni, 612—See:—^Parni Shankhavalli, 531
(varieties) Shankhini, 263
Shalshi, 1044 Shankine, 1297
"Shalu" iowar, 1161—See:— Shankvel, 531 •
Jowars (varieties) Shanshobai, 933
Shama, 895; A/151 Shanshohai, 933
Shama-baringi, 952—See:— Shanti-mara, 1203
Baringi Shaorha, 1171
59
 922 THE INDIAN MATEftiA MEDICA

Shaqaqule-hindi, 151;—See:— Shay-rang, 1119—See:—^Rang

Hindi (varieties) (varieties)
Shardul, 1198 Shealkanta, 133—See:—Kanta
Sharifah, 116 (varieties)
Shark, A/147—See:—White Shebe-hannu, 1017
Sheda, 103; 696
Shark liver oil, A/231—See:— Shedeveli, 151
Liver oil Sheduri, 608
Sharpala, 379—See:—Pala Shedwa, 608
(varieties) Sheegae, 13
Sharp cornered cocumber, 751 Sheemaavisi, 283—Seer—
—See:—Cocumber Avisi
Sharunnai, 1229—See:—Vallai- Sheemagadda, 148—See—
Sharunnai Gadda (varieties) '
Sharunnay, 1228 Sheemai-agatti, 283—See:^
Sharvalaykiray, 1228—See:— Agatti
VKiray (varieties) Sheemai-kilangu, \48—See:—
Shatakupivirai, 935—See:— Kilangu (varieties)
Virai (varieties) Sheemigida, 283
Shatakupivittulu, 935—See:— Sheep, A/212
Vittulu (varieties) Sheesa, M/83
Shatamuli, 153—See:—Muli Sheesham,u, M/83
(varieties) Sheeyakay, 13
Shatangatakam, 622 . Shegat, 811
Shatapatra, 844 Shekakul, 1225—See:—Kul
Shatapushpa, 955 (varieties)
Shatapushpi, 935 Shekhamulama, 440
Shatava, 955 Shekrani, 797
Shelangri, 1280—
Shatavali, 154—See:—Vali Shell — See:—Bivalve Shell:
(varieties) Common oyster-shell; Conch-
Shatavari, 152; 153—See:— shell; Egg-shell; Lime-shell
Vari (varieties) Marina shell; Porcelaneous
Shati, 418; 1095 shells; Quick lime shell
Shatlatu-virai, 719—See:— Oyster-shell
Virai (varieties) Shell ash—See:—Conch shell
Shatra, 561 ash; Ash (varieties)
Shavaka, 1194 Shell fish, (a kind of) A/232—
Shavakku—See:—Shiru- See:—Fish (varieties)
shavakku Shelvan, 379
Shavalai, 1229 Shemaitute, 84
Shavantige—See:—Shime- Shembal Savari, 208—See:—
shavantige ' Savari
Shavaripazlam, 1238 Shembara-valli, 1283
Shavukku — See:— Kotasha- Shembat, 868
vukku; Atrushavukku; Shi- Shembiavare, 254—See:—
vappu-attu-shavukku Avare
 INDEX 923

Shembu, M/47 Shia-kul, 1317—See:—Kul

Shemmandarai, 184 (varieties)
Shemmaram, 1161 Shialkanta, 133—See:—Baro-
Shemmulli, 175—See:—MuUi shialkanta
varieties) Shibjal, 271
Shempaga—See:—^Vanashem- Shib-jhul, 271
paga Shibjub, 271
Shenbagam, 795 Shiga—See;—Mrigashiga
Shen-chandanam, 1026—See:— Shih, 142
Chandanam (varieties) Shih-yen, M/109—See:—Yen
Shendad, 402 Shikani, 299
Shendori, 385 Shikaol, 923 * '' • ]
Shendri, 199; 760 Shikar, 923 ''
Shendvel, 385 Shikayi, 13 ' ''
Sheng—See:—Bhuisheng Shikha—See:-7-Rakta-shikha
Shenkottai, 1119--See:—Kottai
Shikha-mulam, 440
(varieties)
Shikhandin, 543
Sheoda, 543
Sheora, 1171 Shikhara, M/101
Shepherd's needle, 577 Shikhi, 520
Shepu, 557; 935 • Shikkay—See:—Kazhar-
Sher, A/171—See:—Ransher shikkay
Shera, 529 Shikoriah, 313
Sheral—See:—^Dhakta-sheral Shilajatu, 1185
Sherani, 1218 Shilaj it—See:—Sila j it
Sheras, 1277 (varieties)
Sherdi, 1083 Shim, 461; 1049—See:—Kath-
Sheriganam, 1226 shim; Makam-shim,
Sherwam, 555 Shimachamaulh pushpamu, 117
Shetpushpa, 955 —See:—ChamauUi p u s h -
Shetu, 816 " . pamu
Shetura, A/145; 817 Shimaepunji, 362—See:—
Shetuta, 817 Punji
Shevappughaschedi, 901 Shimagoranti vittulu, 927—
Shevara, 86; 87 See:—Vittulu (varieties)
Shevari, 1130 Shimai-azha-vanai-virai, 927—
Shevga, 811—See:—Soanjna- See:—Azha-vanai-virai
shevga Shimai-chamantipu, 117—See:
Shevri—See:—Ranshevri —Chamantipu
Shimai-eluppai, 20—See:—
Shewa, 750 Eluppai
Shewan, 584 Shimai-kich-chilik-kishangu,
Shewun, 584 608 — S e e : — Kichilic-
Shiah-kanta, 800—See:—Kanta 'kizhanga
(varieties) Shimai-madalaivirai, 1038—
Shiajira, 279; 408—See:—Jira See: — Madalai-virai; Virai
(varieties) (varieties)
924 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Shimai Shadavai'i, 154—See:— Shiribekku, 1009—See: —

Shadavari; Vari (varieties) Bekku (varieties)
Shimai-shombu, 408—See:— Shirigumudu, 585—See: —
Shombu Gumudu
Shimaiya-viri, 677 Shirina 622
Shima-jevanti-pushpam, 117— Shirisaru, 1194—See:—Saru
See:—Jevanti-pushpam (varieties)
Shima-karpuram-aku, 792 — Shirish, 15—See:—Pit shirish;
See:—Aku, K^rpuram-aku Sirish
Shimai, 207 Shirkal, 599
Shimayi-shombu, 279—See:— Shirkhist, 560
Sbom-bu Shirporna-j aya, 1271—See: —
Shimeatti, 545—See:—Atti Jaya (varieties)
(varieties) Shirsal, 958—See:—Sal
Shimedapu, 117 (varieties)
Slurneeya, 1031 Shiru-kadaladi 21—See: —
Shune-shavantige, 117—See:— Kadaladi
Shavantige Shiruket, 1009
Shimpi, 896 Shiru-Kurunja, 596—See: —
ShimpigyanhuUu, 896; 923 Kurunja
Shimpti, 867 Shirumalli, 700—See: —Malli
Shimtee, 868 (varieties)
Shimul, 207 Shirunari-vengayam, l l l 6 —
Shinacarum, M/2 See:—Vengayam, (varie-
Shina-karan, M/2 ties)
Shinde, 402 Shirunoch-chi, 1281—See: —
Nochchi (varieties)
Shindhura, M/86
Shirushavakku 1194—See:—
Shindhuvaruma, 1278 Shavakku (varieties)
Shindi, 946 Shiruvavili, 1281—See: —
Sbindil-kodi, 1220—See:—Kodi Vavili (varieties)
(varieties) Shish, M/85
Shindil-Shakkarai, 1220—See: Shisham, 432
—Shakkarai; Rai (varieties) Shishay, M/83
Shingr, 426 Shitrapunj, 989
Shingshupa, 432—See:—Shupa Shiulik, 472
Shinka, 537 Shivadai 691
Shinkanta, 800—See:—Kanta Shiva-malli-gida, 677—See: —
(varieties)
Shinwala, 1060 Malligida (varieties)
Shiragam, 408^See:—Karun- Shivan—See: —Lahan-shivan
shirogam; Kattu-shiragam Shiva-narvayambu, 677
Shiran, 1014 Shivanarvembu, 677—See: —
Shiras, 214 Vembu (varieties)
Shirat-kuchchi, lOl Shivanasal, 584—See:—Sal
Shiraz—See: —Ranga- (varieties)
shiraz Shivani—See: —Kirishivani
Shireesha-mara, 15 Shivanil, 677
 INDEX 925

Shivanni-gida, 584 Shothaghni 202

Shivappu-attu-shavukku 1193 Shoti, 695
See:—Shavukku (varieties) Sh-ouniz, 855
Shivappu-Chittramulam, 989— Shrangi—See: —Pruthush-
See: —Chittramulam- rangi
shivappu Shravan ghevda, 942—See: —
Shivappu-kashuruk-virai, 632 Ghevda (varieties)
—See: —Kashuruk-virai Shreetalamu, 384
Shivappu-nelli, 949—See:— Shreetali, 384—See:—Tali
Nelli (varieties) (varieties)
Shivappu-postaka-chedi, 901 Shreevrksha, 552
—See:—^Postaka-chedi Shrigandhada mara 1098—
Shivappu-tamarai, 844—See: See:—Gandha (varieties)
—^Tamarai (varieties) Shrikala, 599—See:—Kala
Shivappu-vasla-kire, 178—See: (varieties)
—Vasla-kire Shrimudrigida, 8
Shivaram-kalli, 873—See:— Shringa—See: —Mriga-
KalH (varieties) shringa
Shiva-tulasi, 865—See:— Shringata, 1227
Tvdasi (varieties) Shringi—See: —Ajashringi;
Shivinthaka, 1039 Sitashringi; Karkatashringi;
Shiwari, 1278 Mudadashringi
Shodhakari—See:—Vrana- Shriparni, 584—See:—Parni
shodhakari (varieties)
Shodhanam, 58 Shrivatte, 827
Shodhani—See: —^Visha- Shrubby Basil, 863—See: —
shodhani Basil
Shodhita, M/24—See: — Shubha, 116
Purified silajit; Silajit Shubit, 935
Shoe-flower plant, 630 Shudhakshara, M/44
Shoephahara 96 Shudi, 730
Shole-fish, A/215—See:— Shue-saku, M/32
Fish (varieties) Shukadana, 1031—See: —
Shombu, 557; 955—See: —
Dana (varieties)
Shimayi-shombu
Shone, 392 Shuk-china 1143—See: —
Shoont, 1309 China
Shora, M/90; M/91 Shukhu, 1309
Shoraba, M/91 Shukku, 1079
Shorakhar M/90; M/91—See: Shul, 45
—Khar (varieties) Shula-vedhi-chukra, 1079—
Shoraktri, M/7 See:—Chukra
Shora-mitha, M/91—See: — Shulgam, 214
Mitha (varieties) Shulundu kora, 699—See: —
Shore, M/91 Kora (varieties)
Shor-gaz, 1194 Shulva M/47
Shori, 418 Shumak, 229
Shortara, 561—See:—^Tara Shumeo, 1260
926 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Shumoodra—See:—Dhol- Silajit, 1183; 1185; M/23—

shumoodra See: —Bluesilaj it; Copperf-
Shun, 392 silajit; Gold-silajit;
Shunam, 65 Gomuthra-silajit; Iron-
Shunkhapushappi, 263 silajit; Karpoora-silajit;
Shunti—See: —Hashi-shunti; Purified (shodhita) silajit;
Shupa—See: —Chitrak-shupa; Red-silajit; Silver-silajit;
Shing-shupa White-silajit; Shilajit
Shurali, 607 Silajita, M/23
Shurungi—See:—^Thottal Silaras, 84; 747; M/23
shurungi Silavalka, 922
Shveta-barbura 16—See: — Silber, M/13
Barbura Silhaka, 747
Shwetasurasa, 857—See:— Silica, M/93
Surasa (varieties) Silicate of Alumina M/6
Shwet-huli, 1308—See:—Hull Silicate of Alumina, Lime &
(varieties) Oxide of Iron, M/10
Shwet-sursha, 506—See: — Silicate of Alumina, Magnesia
Sursha & Oxide of Iron, M/10
Shyamaka, 897 Silicate of Alumina & Oxide of
Shyonaka, 876 Iron, M/10
Siah chob, 386' Silicate of Aluminium—See:—
Siakul, 1317—See:—Kul Aluminium silicate
(varieties) Silicates, M/93
Siali 1031 Silicious concretions of
Sialkanta, 133—See:—Kanta bamboo M/96—See: —
(varieties) Bamboo
Sialkanta-bhatmil, 133—See:
Silicon, M/93
—^Kanta (varieties)
Siddartha, 506 Silicon dioxide, M/93—See: —
Siddhapatri, 256 Dioxide
Siddhartha, 213 Silk-cocoon—See: —Rawsilk
Sidhi, 256 cocoon; Cocoon
Sidhoul 715 Silk Cotton Tree, 207; 586—
Sidori, 652 See:—Golden silk-cotton;
Sige—See: —^Kadsige White silk-cotton; Cotton
Sigru, 811 (varieties)
Siharu, 857 ;, Silk-pod, A/145
Sij, 526—See:—Lanka-sij; Silk worm-moth, A/145
Mansasij; Narsij; Patasij; Sillhaka, 86
Tikatasij Silphium Parsley 1008—See:
Sikeyabo, 331 —Parsley
Sikhigrivam, M/52 Silver, M/31—See: —German
Siki 13 silver; Quick-silver
Siktha, A/151 Silver Cochineal, A/156—See:
Sikuar, 1256 —Cochineal (varieties)'
Sila, 1041—See:—Meihsila Silver Fir—See:—Fir:
Silajatu, M/23 Himalayan Silver Fir
 INDEX 927

Silver silajit, M/23—See: — Muradasing; Murdarsing;

Silajit (varieties) Murdosing
Sim, 461—See:—Makham Singa—See:—^Mirapa-singa;
Sim Mirsinga; Barasinga: Khara-
Sima—See: —Sweeta-sima singa; Sambarasinga
Sima avisl, 283 Singada, 1227
Simab, M/68 Singanamook, 447
Sim^a-cham,anti-pushpam 117 Singara, 1227
—See: —Chamantipushpam Singarakottai, 1227—See: —
Sima-chinduga, 978—See:— Kottai (varieties)
Chifiduga Singari, 1227
Simae-chinta, 38—See: — Singarota, 932
Chinta (varieties) Singe—See: —^Muradasinge
Sima-jamudu, 716—See: — Singe Jerahata, M/96
J a m u d u (varities) Singgika, 377
Simak, 1134 Singhar, 857—See: —
Sima-kavirai, M/94—See: — Harsinghar
Kavirai Singhara, 1227
SimaO, 339 Singhi fish, A/215; A/216—
Simbhi—See: —Prathusimbhi See:—Fish (varieties)
Simbi, 461 Singhin, 377
Sim.bo-kesu, 705—See: —^Kesu Singi, A/215—See:—Kakad-
Simbusak, 556—See:—Sak singi; Kharsingi; Maeda-
(varieties) singi; Merasingi; Takada-
Sime-kavikallu, M/94—See: — singi
Kallu; Kavi-kallu Singo-mone, 356
Sime-kich-chilik, 715—See: — Singu, 537—See:—Mudara-
Kich-chilik singu
Simp—See:—^Motisimp Singuin, 811
Simul—See:—Safed simul Sinhakesara, 800—See: —
Sind cotton, 590—See: also: — Kesara (varieties)
Silk cotton tree; Cotton; Sinhamukhi, 580—See: —
Devills Cotton Vrisha sinhamuki
Sinhaparni, 40—See;—^Pami
Sindhalxma, M/108
Sindhuka, 1281 (varieties)
Sini, 392
Sindhuvaram, 1278—See: — Sinjee, 1239
Varam (varieties) Sinjraph, M/72
Sindilkodi, 356—See: —Kodi • Sinni-maram, 17
(varieties) Sinpo-i-Jilani, 1318—See: —
Sindur, M/86 Jilani
Sindura, M/86 Sinsapa—See: —Kala-
Sinduram^—See: —Sagappu- sinsapa; Kapila-sinsapa;
sinduram KIrishna-sinsapa
Sindurlavana, M/91—See: — Sinth, A/151
Lavana (varieties) Siri-ul-fel, A/160
Sing—See:—^Bhoising; Bhui- Siora, 1171
sing; Haranasing; Khusing; Sipandane-sufaid, 213
928 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Sipi, A/158; A/211 Sitagerulj M/42—See:—Geru

Sir, 65 (varieties)
Siran, 61 Sitaki, 113
Siras, 15; 798—See: — Sitalachini, 400—See: —
Machhika-Siras; Pivali-siras Chini (varieties)
Sirikala, 351—See:—Kala Sitama purgonalu, 420
(varieties) Sitapalam, 116—See:—^Ram
Sirin, 15; 798 sitaphalam
Sirinji, 1295 Sitaphal, 116
Siris, 15; 60—See:—Bender- Sitaphalam—See: —Sita-
siris; Lalsiris; Mothasiris; phalam
Safed-siris Sitaran hmbu, 742—See: —
Sirish, 60—See'.—Krishna- Limbu (varieties)
Sirish; Pitshirish; (Sirish) Sitashringi, 25—See:—
Sirissa, tree, 15; 798 Shringi (varieties)
Siriya, 1150 Sitawar, 154
^ r i z , 15 Sithagathi, 1130—See:—Gathi
Sirola, 751—See:—Kadu- Sitruti, 608
sirola Sittalchini, 517—See:—'Chini
Sirooseroo-padi, 804 (varieties)
Sirpha, 116 Sittrapaladi, 529
Sirramutti, 1138—See: — Siulicop, 1189
Mutti (varieties) Sivadaiver, 691
Sivanarvembu, 715—See: —
Sirrupulayvayr, 49
Sirshing, 472 Vembu (varieties)
Sir-sia-peshane, 43 Sivani, 1228
Sirukanchni, 1226^See:— Sivni, 585
Kanchni Siyahdanah, 855—See: —
Siru karalai, 75—See: — Danah
Karalai Siyah-daru, 855—See; —
Sirunagappoo, 792-—See: — Daru (varieties)
Nagappoo Siyah musli, 112—See: —
Siru-puUady, 446 Musli (varieties)
Siruthakkali, 951 Siyambula, 1191
Siruvazhu-dunai, 1150 Siyembela, 1191—See: —Bela
Siru-vazhunai, 1150 (varieties)
Sis, 392 Skandaja, 453
Sisa, M/83 •Skandaphala, 146
Sisam, 432; M/116 Skeyer-wood, 520
Sishu, 432 Skimmed milk, A/176—See: —
Sismulia, 112 Milk (varieties)
Sisori, 1000 Skim milk, A/183—See:—
Sissu, 432 Milk (varieties)
Sissukarrha, 432 Skink—See: -^Indian skink
Sisupala, 118—See:—Pala
Slaked lime, ,M/42; M/45—
(varieties) See: —^Lime (varieties)
Sitache-kes, 617; 690 Sleshmataka, 379
 INDEX 929

Small aloe,—See:—Aloe Soap *Wort—See:—Perfoliate

(varieties) soap-wort; Wort (varieties)
Small-bark tree, 1186—See: — Sobhanjana, 811—See: —
Bark tree Anjana (varieties)
Small Caltrops, 1229—See: — "Socotrine" aloes, 76—Se^: —
Caltrops (varieties) Aloe (varieties)
Small chauknugra, 661—See: Soda—See:—^Muriate of Soda,*
—Chaulmugra (varieties) Washing soda
Small Date, 945—See:—Date Soda ash, M/101—See: —Ash
(varieties) (varieties)
Small Fennel, 854—See: — Soda biborate—See: —
Fennel (varieties) Biborate of Soda
Small kawati, 661:—See: — Soda carbonate, M/101—See:
Kawati —Carbonate of soda; C r u d e
SmaU Millet, 898—See: — carbonate of Soda
Millet (varieties) Soda crystals,M/101
Small Wild Squill, 1116—See: Soda sulphate—See: —
—^Wild squill; Squill Sulphate of Soda
(varieties) Sodii citras, A/177
Smooth-luffa, 752—See: — Sodium Biborate, M/103—See:
•Luffa (varieties) —Biborate of Sodium
Snail—See:—^Land snail Sodium Borate, M/103—See:
Snake—See: —^Rattle-snake —Borate of Sodium
Snake gourd, 1234—See: — Sodium carbonate, M/101—
Gourd (varieties) Wild See:—Carbonate of Sodium
Snake-gourd Sodium Chlorate, M/108—
Snake Lily, 137—See:—Lily See:—Chlorate of sodium
(varieties) Sodium muriate—See: —
Snake Venom, A/21&—See: — Muriate of Sodium
Venom; Cobra venom Sodium Pyroborate, M/103—
Snake weed, 526—See:—Weed See:—Pyroboraie of
(varieties) Sodium
Snakewood, 1173 Sodium sulphuret—See: —
Snapatha, 876 Sulphuret of Sodium
Sneezwort, 299—See:—Wort Sodiumtetraborate—See: —
(varieties) Tetraborate of Sodium
Snehaphala, 1126 Sogade beru, 1292
Snehaviddha, 295 ^ohaga, M/103
Snigdhajeera, 980—See: — Sohanjna, 811
Sohanpe-soah, 1113
Jeera (varieties) Sohikire, 557
Snoohi, 524 Soi, 935
Snuhi, 522—See:—Madhu- Soin-pappu-kirai, 1007—See:
snuiii; Vanamadhusnahi —Kirai (varieties)
Soanjna shevga, 811—See: — Soitraj, 422
Shevga Soja bohne, 462
Soap-nut Tree, 1102 Sojikhara—See: —Khara
Soap Stone, M/96 (varieties)
930 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Sojjikhar, 1183—See:—Khar Sone-kesur, 1285—See:—

(varieties) Kesur; Mahat-kesur
Sojna, 811 Sonf, 955
Solir—See:—^Ding solir Sonhali, 285
Soi^va], 1226 Sonkel, 822—See:—Kel
Soma, 477; 1106 (varieties)
Somalata, 1081; 1106 Sonkela, 822—See:—Kela
Soma! khar, M/16—See: — (varieties)
Khar (varieties) Sonkeli, 823—See:—Keli
Somanti, 1130 (varieties)
Somaraja, 1267 Sonnaringa, 339—See: —
Somaraji, 892; 1019 Naringa (varieties)
Somarayen, 1081 Sonogaravi, 817
Somavalkhom, 548 Sonp, 557
Somavalli, 356; 1220 Sonpat, 392—See:—Pat
Sombong, 201 (varieties)
Somidamanu, 1161 Sonsah, 504
Sominta—See: —Nalla- Sont, 557
sominta Sontakka—See: —Jahari
Sompu, 955 sontakka
Somraj, 1267 Sonth, 1309
Sona, 698; 876; M/32—See:— Sonti, 1309
Natkisona Sonum, M/32
Sona bhasma, M/33 Soof, 1039
Sonabu, 392 Sookhdursun, 389
Sona-geru, M/95—See: — Soolpha, 935
Geru (varieties) Soondali, 285
Sonajahi, 702—^See:—Jahi Soonti, 1309
Sonalu, 285—See:—Alu Soopadan, 667
(varieties) Sooparee—See: —Kottha
Sonamakki—rSee: —Mulakacha Fooflee Sooparee
sonamakki Soopyah, 231
Sonamukhi, 284; 286; M/66— Soothan, 776
See: —Surati-Sonamukhi Sop—See:—Sour sop of Ame-
Sona-mukhina-gantha, M/66 rica; Sweet-sop of America;
Sonapushpi, 391 Sweet-Sop
Sonar, M/32 Sopari, 130—See:—^Ardhi-
Sona varak, M/33 sopari
Sonchal, M/lOO; 763 Sophee, 827
Sophera—See: —Senna
Sonchala, 763 sophera
Sonchampa, 795—See: — Sophora—See: —Pedda-
Champa (varieties) sophora
Sondal, 285—See: —Chhota- Sopu, 557—See:—Badi-
sondal sopu
Sondala, 876 Sora, M/90
Sondanimak, M/108—See: — Sorakai, 722—See: —Kai or
Nimak (\-3rieties) Kayi (varieties)
 INDEX 331

Soratimati, M/lOO—See: — Spearmint, 790—See:—Mint

Mati (varieties) (varieties)
Sore—See:—Kahisore Speckled leech, A/67; A/217
Sbfrel—See: —Field-sorrel; —See: —Leech
Indian sorrel; Red sorrel Spelta wheat, 1250—See:—
Sorupenka, A/210 Wheat (varieties)
Sosan, 694; 695—See:—Bekh- Spelter, M/130
sosan Spermaceti, A/154
Sosun, 694 Sperm oil, A/154
Sota Sunndi, 859—See:— Sphatikari, M/2—See: —Kari
Sunndi (varieties)
Sotia Gowar, 420—See: — Spider flower, 351
Gowar (varieties) Spighwall, 979
Sottacla, 556 S|/iked millet, 930—See: —
Soubira, 1318 Millet (varieties)
Sour dock, 1079—See:—Dock Spikenard—See: —Indian
(varieties) Spikenard
Sour-lime of India, 341—See: — Spinach, 1164^-See: —
Lime (varieties) Country spinach; Indian
Sour sop of America, 115— spinach
See:—Sop (varieties) Spindelbaum, 520
Sowa, 935—See:—Sutra- Spindle-wood, 520
sowa; Sutre-sowa Spirah Tarkhah, 142—See: —
Sowasi, 199 Tarkhah
Sow thistle, 1159—See: — Spleenwort—See: —^Black
Thistle (varieties)' spleenwort
Soya, 935 Spogel Seeds, 980
Soya bean, 462; 1145—See: — Sponge, A/230—See: —
Beans (varieties) Wash-sponge
Soybean, 581; 1145—See: — Spores—See: —Clubmoss
Beans (varieties) spores
Soyi, 935. Spreading hog-weed, 202—
Spail-anai, 927—See:—^Anai See:—Hog-weed; Weeds
Spalaghzai, 533 (varieties)
Spal-mak, 242 Sprouts—See: —Brussels
Spalwakka, 242 sprouts
Spangjha, 1007 Spulmei, 242
"Spanish Corn", 1305~See: — Spurge—See: —Roseberry
C o m (varieties) spurge; Triangular spurge
Spanish Gourd, 407—See: — Squaw weed, 504—See: —
Weeds (varieties)
Gourd (varieties)
Squill—See: —Indian squill;
Spanish Jasmine, 701—See: —
Jasmine (varieties) small wild squill; Wild squill
Spanish pepper, 268; 270—See: Srah—See:—Sufeed srah
—^Pepper (varieties) Srangavera, 1308
Sparrow—See: —^House- Sravani, 1163
sparrow Sribati, 827
932 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Srigalakantaka, 133^—See: — Stoechas Arabique, 730

Kantaka (varieties) Stone flowers, 922
Srigalakoli, 1317~See:—Koli Storax, 86—See:—^Liquid
(varieties) storax
Srigandapu-manu, 1098—See: Strahlfruchtige Bohne, 940
—Manu (varieties) • Straw-ash, M/88—See: —Ash
Srigandha, 1098—See: — (varieties)
Gandha (varieties) Strawberry, 559—See: —
Srihastini; 617—See: — Berry or Berries (varieties).
Hastini Strawberry tomato, i350—See:
Srikala—See: —Kala —Tomato
.(varieties) Strawberry tree, 520
Sriksha, 543 Strychnine tree, 1175
Srinata, 1186 Stumpfblattriger Judendorn,,
Bring—See: —Mrigasring 1316
Sringa-beram, 1308—See: — Sturgeon's air bag, A/135
Beram Styrax linquide, 747
Sringataka, 1227 Subah, 310
Sringi, A/215—Meshasringi Subcarbonate of Zinc
Sriphal, 45—See:~Bael —See:—Zinc
sripal subcarbonate
Sriphalam, 480 Subhar, 145
Srisamgyam, 835 Subja-no-rasa, M/94
Srivasa, 957 Sublimate of sulphide of mer-
Sriyesi, 334 cury, M/75
Srotonjana, M/13 Sublimed Sulphur, M/119—
Stachel-peere, 1064 See:—Sulphur sublimed
Staff tree, 296 Suchal, 313
Stag's horn, A/153—See: — Suda, 116
Horn (varieties) Sudab, 524
Star Anise, 675—See: — Sudabugida, 1081
Anise Sundanaj, 790
Starch—See: —Curcuma Sudarsana, 1221
Sudarshan, 389
steel, M/55; M/56—See:— "
Suddha, 1205
Salt of Steel
Sthulagranthi, 1315—See: — Sudha, M/44~See: —
Granthi (varieties) Mahusudha
Stick-lac, A/150—See:—Lac Sudhimudi, 485
Sticky cleome, 351—See: — Sudu-iyam, M/116—See: —
Cleome lyam
St. Ignatins' Beans, 1174— Sudu pasanum, M/16—See:—
See:—Beans (varieties) Pasanum
Stinging-nettle—See: —Nettle; Suet—See: —^Prepared-suet
Common-stihging-nettle Sufaid mitti, M/6—Mitti
Stinkendes Steckenkraut, 537 (varieties)
Stinking Opal Berry, 892— Sufeadba, M/85
See: —Berry (varieties) Sufeda, M/85
 INDEX 933

Sufed murgha, 297—See: — Sugar Apple, 116—See: —

Murgha (varieties) Apple (varieties)
Sufed musli—See: —Musli Sugar-cane, 1083—See: —
(varieties) Sugar; Milk-sugar
Sufed Pathar, M/46—See: — Sugar of milk, A/179—See: —
Pathar Milk-sugar
Sufedrai, 213—See:—Rai Sugar-root—See: —^Earth
(varieties) sugar-root
Sufed or Safeta Musli, 151— Sugar sea-beet, 724—See: —
See:—Miisli (varieties) Beet (varieties)
Sufed-sanbhalu, 1281—See: — Sugar-solutions—See: —
Sanbhalu Acidulated sugar-solutions
Sufeed Sandal, 1098—See: — Sughanda-paladagida, 619—
Sandal See: —Paladagida
Sufeed Srah, 901—See:—Srah Suhaga, M/103 .
Suffed, M/133 Sujiado, 628
Sufferjang, 1039 Sujna, 8111
Suka, 923—See: —Kinsuka;
Sufpkji, .1077
Palas lata
Sufrium—See:—Lai sufrium Sukanasa, 876
Suganda bala-chhara, 1259— Sukandaraji, 997
See: —^Bala-chhara Sukanu, 302
Sugandamitti, M/7—See: — Sukasa, 403
Mitti (varieties) Suk-gu-kire, 1079—See: —
Sugandh, 1196—See: — Kire
Amber sugandah; Naga- Sukha, A/216
sugandha
Sugandha bacha, 80—See: — Sukhada, 1098
Bacha Sukhali, A/145
Sugandha-bala, 925—See: — Sukhchain, 1001
Bala (varieties) Sukhli Kursali, 106—See: —
Sugandha kantak, 1019—See: Kursali
Kantak (varieties) Sukk, A/164
Sugandharaju, 255—See: — Sukkapat, 165—See:—Pat
Raju (varieties)
Sugandhavacha, 77; 715—See: Sukkar Kohala, 407—See:—
—^Vacha Kohala (varieties)
Sugandhi, 619—See: —Pala- Suklatulasi, 861—See; —
sugandhi; Rhus-sugandhi Tulasi (varieties)
Sugandhibali, 822—See:—Bali Sukra Pushpika, 579—
(varieties) Pushpika (varieties)
Sugandliichaha, 104—See: —
Sukshma-phala, 1317
Chaha (varieties)
Sugandhipala, 619—See: — Sukti—See: —Mukta-sukti
Pala (varieties) Sulanasan, 537
Sugandhwala, 1259 Sulay-bottu-gida, 925
Sugar—See: —Sugar-cane; Sulegi, 926
Milk-sugar Sulphate—See:—Iron sulphate
 934 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Sulphate & Carbonate of Zinc Sulphur subhmed—See:— •

, See;—Zinc sulphate & car- Sublimed sulphul-
bonate Sultana champa, 235—See: —
Sulphate ferreux, M/64 Champa (varieties)
Sulphate of alumina—See: — Sultan champa, 236
Aluminous Sulphate —See:—Champa (varieties)
Sulphate of Alumina & potash, Sultani, 1286
M/2—See:—Alumina & Sumach, 1061
potash sulphate Sumak, 1061; 1062
Sulphate of Aluminium & Am- Sumah, 235
monium, M/2 Sumana, 704
Sulphate of Calcium—See: — Sumandarsaka, 1095—See: —
Exsiccated calcium sulphate Saka (varieties)
Sulphate of Soda, M/101—See: Sumatra camphor—See: —
—Soda sulphate Camphor (varieties)
Sulphate of Zinc, M/133—See: Sumbra—See: —^Mus-sumbra
—Zinc Sulphate Sumbul, 542—See;—Ferula
Sulphates of Iron, M/63— sumbul
See:—:—Iron sulphate Sum-bula-theeb, 840 •
Sulphide—See: —Black sul- Sumbul-i-asfar, 1260
phide Sumbulkhar, M/15—See: —
Sulphide ash—iSee:—Red Khar (varieties)
sulphide ash; Hingul Sumul-ut-teeb, 1260
bhasma Sumi, 800; 1161
Sulphide of Antimony, M/13 Sumlu, 187
—See: —Antimony sulphide Sumok, 1061
Sulphide of Iron, M/66—See: Sumpura, 38
—Iron sulphide Sumsum, 1126
Sulphide of Lead, M/87—See: Sumula-himara, 848
—Lead sulphide Sun, 392—See: —Ghore-sun
Sulphide of Mercury—See:— Sunanda, 139
Black sulphide of mer- Sunbuluttib, 840
cury; Mercuric sulphide; Sunda, 765-^ee:—Hasti-
Insoluble sulphide of mer- sunda;' Kolsunda
cury Sundara-Bandinika, 1277—
Sulphur—See: —^Vegetable See:—Bandinika
sulphur; Arsen-sulphur Sundariguna, 1160
Sulphur rouged arsenic, M/19
—See: —Arsenic (varieties) Sundawa, M/91
Sunday-kiray, 847—See: —
Sulphuret of Arsenic, M/45—
See:—Yellow sulphuret of Kiray (varieties)
arsenic; Arsenic (varieties) Sundew—See:—Round leaf
sundew; Leaf Sundew
Sulphuret of barium, M/45— Simdhana—See: —^Hathi-
See:—Barium sulphuret sundhana
Sulphuret of Sodium, M/45— Sundras, 1265
See:—Sodium sulphuret Sunflower, 614—^Russian
Sulphuric acid, M/119 sun-flower
 INDEX 935.

Sungadha-muricha, 400—See: Surajmukhi, 614

—^Muricha Suraj-sang, M / 8 6 — S e e ' : -
Simgal, 1197 Sang
Sungam-chedi, 165 Surakaya, 722
Siuigmisri, 519 Sural, 1031
Sung-misrie, 519 Suran, 94—See:—Jangli-
Sunkhali, 106—See: —Nani- suran; Wild suran
sunkhali Surana, 1190
Sunna, M/42; M/44 Surangi, 236—See: —
Sunnam, M/44 Lalisurangi
Sunnamu—See: —Ralla-sun- Surantaeil, 600 .
namu Surapadi, 732
Sundi—See: —Sota-sundi Surapoona, 861
Sunn Hemp, 392—See:— Surasa, 1281—See: —
Hemp (varieties) Shwetasurasa; Svetasurasa
Sunnunjon, 545 Surasaruni, 949
Sunonjhar, 545 Surashtraja, M/2
Simsung, 1046 Surate-cheka, 1266
Sunt, 1309—See:—Balsunt Surati-sonamukhi, 288—See:
Sunta, 1308 —Sonamukhi
Sunthia khad, 108—See: — Surbuli, 610—See:—Bull
Khad (varieties) Surchi, 890
Suntra, 339 Surguja, 595
Sunwar, 1056 Suria-mukhi, 614
Suparashvaka, 629 Suringana, 622
Supari, 130—See: —Malabari- Suringi, 861
supari Surinjan, 369
Suparsva, 551 Surinjan-i-talk, 622
Superb Lily, 579—See:—Lily Surkh—See: —Ratisurkh;
(varieties) Sandale Surkh; Shakisurkh;
Superna, 469 Todisurkh; Zumeik-surkh;
Suphadiekhus, 1116—See: — Fifile surkh; Gilesurkh;
Khus Gulisurkh
Supheda—See:—Kangari- Surkha—See: —^Yavanikhee
supheda surkha; Hanzal-i-Surkha
Supooja, 700 Surkhei-kursali—See: —
Surabhinimba, 195—See: — Kursali
Nimba (varieties) Surma, M/13; M/87—See: —
Suradaru, 295—See:—Daru Krishnasurma; Sagl-surmah
(varieties) Surmainil, 677
Suragavo, 811—Suragavo Surmaka-patthar, M/13
Surahonnae, 236—See: — Surmav, M/13
Honne or Honnae Surme, M/13
(varieties) Surmoyi, A/215
Surai, 267; 1318 Sumgar, 1060
Suraing, 861 Surpan, 236—See:—Pan
Surajmaki, 614 (varieties)
Surajmukh, 614 Surpanaka, 561
 S36 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

SurpanoTChero, 729—See: — Sveta-basanta, 17—See: —

Charo < Basanta
Surpunka, 236 Sveta-gotubhi, 719—See: —
Sursha—See: —Swet-sursha Gotubhi
Survalu, 106—See:—Alu Svetakamala, 844—See: —
(varieties) Kamala (varieties)
Surva-nu-bi, 935 Svetakamini, 624—See: —
Suryakamal, 614—See: — Kamini
Kamal (varieties) Svetakanchan, 183—See: —
Suryakanti, 614 Kanchan (varieties)
Surya-pattra, 237 Sveta-murga, 90—See:—
Surya-phul, 614 Murga (varieties)
Suryavarta, 599; 617 Sveta pushpa, 847
Susa—See: —Kubas-susa Svetasarisha, 213—See: —
Sushavi, 805 Sarisha (varieties)
4._ Sussholz, 582 SvetashalmaH, 505—See: —
*r Sut—See: —^Paj anku-sut ShalmaU (varieties)
Sutha, 418 Svetasurasa, 1278—See: —
Sutki fish, A/215—See: — Surasa (varieties)
Fish (varieties) Svetberela, 1137—See: —
Sutranabi, 1050 Berela (varieties)
Sutra-sowa, 838—See:—Sowa Swada masha, 580—See: —
(varieties) Masha (varieties)
Sutre Sowa, 838—See:—Sowa Swadu, 555
(varieties) Swadu-naringa, 339—See: —
Suva—See: —Phattar-suva Naringa (varieties)
SuvaH-amH, 485—See: —Amli Swallow, A/155
(varieties) Swallowwort—See: —Gigantic
Suvarna, M/32; 794 swallowwort; Vomitting
Suvarna gadde, 94—See: — swallowwort
Gadde (varieties) Swami-mara, 1161
Suvarna Gairika, M/42—See: Swanjan, 1278
.—Gairika Swanjera, 811
Suvarnaka, 285 Swarjikakshara, M/78
Svadukantaka, 555—See:— Swarnakshira, 350—See: —
Kantaka (varieties) Kshira
Svarasana, 524 Swarna-kshiri, 133—See:—
Svarnajui, 702—See:—Jui Kshiri (varieties)
(varieties) Sweeta-sima, 254—See:—=•
Svamajuthica, 702 Sima
Svarnamakshika—See: — Sweet Basil, 861—See: —
Makshika (varieties) Basil (varieties)
Svarnamaksika, M/66 Sweet bay laurels, 729—See: —
—See:—Makshika (vari- Bay laurels
eties) Sweet chestnuts, 293—See: —
Svarnavanga, M/115—See: — Chestnut (varieties)
Vanga (varieties) Sweet or Chinese orange, 339
Sveta, 425 —See:—Orange (varieties)
 INDEX 931^

Sweet cloves, 1239—See: — Sword Bean, 254—See:—-

Cloves Beans (varieties)
Sweet com—See:—^Evergreen Syamdhan, 897
sweet com; C o m Syandan, 432
Sweet fennel, 1955—See:— Syrian dhurra, 1305—See: —
Indian sweet-fennel; Fennel Dhurra
(varieties) Syrian Rue, 927—See:—Rue
Sweetflag, 35 (varieties)
Sweet Indrajao, 1296—See:—
Indrajao (varieties)
Sweet lime—See:—True
sweet-lime; Lime (varieties) Taagambharee, 392—See: —
Sweet melon, 402—See: — Gambharee
Melon (varieties) Tabac, 850
Sweet orange—See: — Tabasheer, 172
Orange (varieties) Tabashira, 172
Sweet Pellitory, 1037—See:— Table salt, M/109—See: —
Pellitory Salt (varieties)
Sweet potato, 684—See: — Tabu—See: —Mitha-tabu
Potato (varieties) Tad, 209
Sweet-rush, 104—See:—Rush Tadachit, 593
Sweet-scented oleaiider, 847— Tadagunny, 459
See:—Oleander (varieties) Tadamiri, 400—See:—Miri
Sweet-sop, 115—See:—Sop (varieties)
(varieties) Taddo, 1027
SWeet Sop of America, 116— Tadi, 1203
See:—Sop (varieties) Tadrelu, 174
Sweet Tangle, 724—See: — Taed, 691
Tangle Taen, A/191
Sweetwood, 582 Taenmazhacu, A/151
Sweet Yam, 449—See:—^Yam Taenu, A/191
Tag, 392
(varieties) Taga, 291—See:—Philli-taga
^Sweta-maricha', 811—See:—' Tagache, 291—See: —Dodda-
Maricha (varieties) tagache
Sweta mica, M/129—See: — Tagar, 1189; 1259; 1260
J Mica (varieties) Tagara, 1189; 1260—See: —
Swetapooma, 203 Pinda-tagara; Shakara-
Swet chandan, 1098—See:— tagara
Chandan (varieties) Tagarai, 291—See: —
Swet Gulab, 1071—See: — Ushittagarai
Gulab Tagaram; M/116
Swetmurgha, 297—See: — Tagarappu—See: —Gandhi-
Murgha (varieties) tagarappu
Swet padma, 844—See: — Tagar-ganthoda, 1260—See: —
Padma Ganthoda
Swimming bladder, A/135— Tagar sammi, 476—See: —
See:—^Bladder Sammi
60
 938 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Tagasana, 392—See:—Sana Talamuli, 411—See:—Muli

(varieties) (varieties)
Tagate-mara, 809 Talamulika, 411—See: —
Taggar, 150; 1260 Mulika (varieties)
Taggar-ganthoda, 1260—See: — Talanili, 892—See:—Nili
Ganthoda (varieties)
Tagirisa, 291 Talatmad, 209
Tagra—See: —Bala-tagra Talatmaddo, 209; 384—See: —
Tagramu, M/64 Maddo (varieties)
Taikilo—See:—^Hodu-taikilo Talavaranaballi, 430
Tailapaka, A/141 Talc, M/96—See:—Blacktalc;
Tailpepper, 400—See: — Powderedtalc; Purified talc;
Pepper (varieties) Redtalc; Whitetalc; Yellow-
Taindu, 452; 801 talc
Tainpuchli, 595 Tale, 209
Taivela, 599 Talee, 384
V Taj, 328 Taleesaptram, 3
Taje khuras, 89 Taleespatra, 554
Tak, 784 Tali, 384—See:—Nagtali;
Takada-singi, 1062—See: — Shreetali;" Watta-tali
Singi (varieties) Talibin, 1032—See:—Bin
Takali, 353—See: —Malukuta- (varieties)
kali Taliennoe, 600 .
Takali-puUum—See: — Talimakhana, 667
Munna-takalipuUum Talimara, 209
Takapan, 976—See:—Pan Talim-khana, 667
(varieties) Talipana, 384—See:—Pana
Takara, 291—See: —Natrum- (varieties)
takara; Ponnantakara Talipanai, 384
Takkile, 1010—See:—Naitak- Talipot, 384
kilay Talisafedar, 432
Takkali—See: ^ M i l a g u Talisapatram, 3
Takkali; Manattakkali Talisfar, 1060
Takmak, 402 Talisha, 554
Takmaki, 405 Talispatr, 1196
Takoli, 431 Talispatra, 3; 1196
Takpoedrick, 892 Talispatr am, 554
Takratrani, 104 Talispatri, 3; 554
Takshakha, A/165 Talk, M/123—See: —Zaban-i-
Tal, 209; 1126—See:—Ram- gungishk-i-talk
Talkh—See: —Kavishtetalkh
tal; Ashadi-tal; Hin^bin-tal
Talla, 425—See:—Vadatalla
Tala, 209 Tallapal, 849—See:—Pal
Talaibodam, 746 (varieties)
Tala-kuchat, 300—See: — Tallatil, 1127—See:—Til
Kucha (varieties) (varieties)
Talam, 209 Talmakhana, 667
Talamchedi, 994 • Talmakhana-ka-pair, 667
 JNDEX 939

Talmorang, 876—See: — Tambad gota, 697—See: —

Rang (varieties) Gota (varieties)
Taloora, 1132 Tambaga, M/47
Taltar, 209—See:—Tar Tambaga-putch, M/130—
Talum, 894 See:—Putch
Talutama, 203—See: — Tambaku, M/130; 850—See:—
Tama Bontamaku
Tarn, M/47 Tambat, 130; 554; 555
Tama, M/47—See:— Tambay, M/47
Talutama Tambda Bhopla, 407—See;—
Tamabin, 776—See:—Bin Bhopla (varieties)
(varieties) Tambda math, -88—See: —
Tamak, 850 • Math (varieties)
Tamakhu, 850 Tambde-khaskhasache-jhad,
Tamaku—See: —Bon-tamaku; 901—See: —Khaskhasache-
Gidar-tamaku jhad
Tamal, 333; 565; 568 Tambdi Chitraka, 989—See: —
Tamala, 565—See:—Nakta- Chitraka (varieties)
mala Tambdi dupari, 932—See: —
Taraalamu, 568—See: — Dupari
Memadi-tamalamu "Tambdi kel", 822—See:—
Tamalapaku, 961 Kel (varieties)
Tamalapatra, 331 Tambdi-savaru, 208—See: —
Tamana, 723 Savaru
Tamanya, 1285 Tamberam, M/47
Tamarai, 844—See:—Anatara Tambia, M/62
atamara; Erra tamara Tambit, 698
Kondatamara; Krishna- Tambol, 960—See: —
tamara; Malaittamara Oloktambol
Tamarai, 844—See: —Shlvappu Tamboh—See: —Pan-tamboli
tamarai; Agasa-tamarai; Tambra, M/47
Alli-tamarai Tambrut, 111; 698
Tamarang, 163—See:—Rang Tambul, 130; 1302; 1303
(varieties) Tambula, 960
Tamaratamu, 164 Tambuta, 756
Tamaratta, 164—See:—Ratta Tamdo-kudo, 849—See: —
or Rattai (varieties) Kudo (varieties)
Tamarattai, 164—See:—Ratta Tamida, 476
or Rattai (varieties) Tamidalu, 477
Tamara-valli, 949 Tamilama, 203
Tamar-i-hind, 1191 Tamkai, 1203—See: Kai or
Tamarindi, 1191 Kayi (varieties)
Tamarind Tree, 1191 Tammachettu, 739
Tamarind Stone, 1191 Tamra, M/47
Tamarinier, 1191 Tamrakuta, 850
Tamba, M/47; 739 Tamra Nagkesara, 861—See: —
Tambada math, 87—See:— Nagakesara (varieties)
Math Tamrapushpi, 1295
940 THE INDIAN IMATERIA MEDICA

Tamravalli, 1075 Tankana, M/103

Tamruj, 473 Tankan-khar, M/103—See:—
Tamthar, 594 K h a r (varieties)
Tamtoli—See: —^Maruc Tankari, 951—See:—Kari
tamtoU (varieties)
Tan, 209 Tank fish, A/214—See:—Fish
Tana, 362—See:—^Dintana (varieties)
Tanach, 432 Tanki—See:—Muchi-tanki
Tanakumaram, 362 Tankrikkai, 1203—See:—Kai or
Tanba, 363 Kayi (varieties)
Tanbak, 850 Tanmori, 951
Tanbol, 961—See:—Barge- Tanner's cassia, 284—See:—
tanbol Cassia (varieties)
Tandala, 486 , Tanni, 1203
Tandhari, 522 • Tannikai, 1203—See:—Kai or
Tandi, 1203 Kayi (varieties)
Tandi-chatomarak, 890—See:— (varieties)
Chatomarak Tannirvittang, 151
Tandi-Jhapni, 1319—See:— Tannirvittan Kizhangu, 153;
Jhapni 154—See:—Kizhangu (varie-
Tandikayd, 1203 ties)
Tandi-tonda, 1208 Tanrikai, 1203—See:—Kai or
Tando Chatoonarak, 890 Kayi (varieties)
Tandrakaya, 1203 Tanrik-kay, 1203
Tandul, 877 Tansapal, 674—See:—Pal
Tandula, 877—See:—Chitra- (varieties)
tandula; Tikshna-tandula Tansoopaum, 1173
Tanduliya, 91 Tantemu, 291—See:—Konda-
Tandulja, 89; 90 tantemu
Tanduir, 338 Tanti-yamu, 191
Tanum, 415
TangahuUu, 428 Tapasataruvu, 1205
Tangam, M/32 Tapaswini, 840
Tangay—See:—^Kadala- Tapata—See :-^NalIatapata
tangay Tapery Beans, 937—See:—
Tangedu, 284—See:— Neltan- Beans (varieties)
gedu; Saidi-tangaedu; See- Taph-jhad, 804
Tapia, 387
ma-tangedu.
Tapichha, 565—See:—Chha
Tangle—See:—Sweet Tangle. Tapinja, 565
Tangra fish, A/215—See:— Tapkote, 1256
Fish (varieties) Tar—See:—Taltar
Tani, 1203—See:-^K;oditarii Tara, M/13; 923—See:—
Tanikoi, 1203—See:—Koi Shortara
Tarabatta, M/55
Tankal, 377 ,
Taragashee, 291
Tankala, 291—See:—Ran- ,
Taral, 1173
tankala; Kala (varieties)
 INDEX 941

TaraU, 1307 Tavakeera, 413—See:—Keera

Taramakshika, M/66—See:— (varieties)
Makshika (varieties) Tavakhir, 634
Taramashia—See:—Mishk-i- Tavakshiri, 172; 413—See:—
fjtramashia Kshiri ^
Taramira, 506 Tavaray, M/116-7See:—Bile-
Taramiri, 506—See:—Miri tavaray
(varieties) Tavare, 844—Sfee:-r-Bile-
Taramshi—See:—Mishk-i- tavaray
taramshi Tavir, 563 . •
Tarasi—See:—^Verricha-tarasi Tavkil, 770 ,
Taravada, 284—See:—Vada Tawas, M/2
Taravada-gida, 284 Tay-lak-youk, M/13
Tarbuj, 338 Tazaktsum, 1060
Tarbuz, 338 Tea—See:—Tea plant
Tari, 209; 1203; 1300 (varieties)
Tarakakdi, 406—See:—Kakdi Teak—See:—Bastard teak
Tarkhah—See:—Spirah Tar- Teak Tree, 1197—See:—
khah Bastard teak
Tarmuj, 338 Tea plant, 247; 1213—See:—-
Tamelly, 331 Java tea; Mature tea-tree;
Taro, 923 Mexican tea
Tarota, 291 Techinya, 433 .
Tarse kotap, 594—See:— Tedlapala, 1296r-See:—Pala
Kotap (varieties)
Tartar—See:—Salt of Tartar Teedadhudaka, 753
Tartiha, 141 Teel, 1126
Tartrate of Potassium, M/89— Teeta, 576-^See:—Mahateeta
• See:—Potassium tartrate Teff grass—See:—Red teff
Tarulata, 690 grass
Tarwad^—See:—Bhui-tarwad Tegada, 691 • i
Tarwar, 284 Tegu, 1197
Tasu, 222 Teherg, 433 j ,
Tatara, 717 Tein, M/16
Tatichettu, 209 Tejbal, 1302-r-See:—Bal
Tatpalang 876—See:— (varieties)"
Palang (varieties) Tejbala, 532—See:—Bala
Tatrak, 1061 (varieties) ,
Tejmal, 1302
Tatri, 1061 Tejpat, 331; . 3 3 ^ S e e : — P a t
Tattamaram, 1181 (varieties)
Tattu, dattura, 440—See:— Tejpath, 332
Dattura (varieties) Tejpatra, 331
Tattunua, 876 Tekar—See:-^Kala-tekar;
Tattur, 434 Safed-tekar
Tatulah, 434 Teka-raham, 471^*See:—
Tatwen, 144 Raham
 942 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Tekka, 1197 ; >. Telia manga, 569—See:—

Tekkali, 756—See:—Seemay Manga (varieties)
tekkali Tellamoolaka, 1149—See:—
Tekkoo, 1197; :, • Moolaka
Tekku, 1197 Tella-motuku, 432; 890-—See:—
Motuku
Tekku-maram, 11S7
Telia turtima, 16^—See:—
Tektasak, 387—See:—Sak Tumma (varieties)
(varieties) Tella-upi, 165—See:—Upi
Tel, 1126 — See:— Hora-tel; Telia-varinka, 548—See:—-
Krishna-tel; Machhi-ka-tel; Varinka
Mitha-tel; Mitho-tel; Tilka- Tellavavili, 1278—See:—Vavili
tel (varieties)
Telaga pindi, 126—See:—Pindi Tellia—See:—Meetha tellia
(varieties) Tellicherry bark, 634—See:—
Telakucha, 355—See:—Kucha Gonessi or Tellicherry bark
%' (varieties) Tellimara—See:—Canari-telli-
Tela pashanum., M/16—See:— mara
Pashanum (varieties) Telni-mashi, A/206
Telenimakhi, A/206; A/207 Teltuppi, 890
Telescope-fish, A/214—See:— Telugu potato, 94—See:—
Fish (varieties) Potato (varieties)
Teli-garjan, 456—See:—Garjan Telugu potato or Elephant's
(varieties) foot, 94—See:—Potato (va-
Telini fly, A/206; A/207 rieties) ; See also:—^Prickly
Telinipoka, A/206—See :—Poka leaves elephant's foot, 474
Teliyenni, 617 Temburani, 452
Telkata, 617—See:—Kata Temru, 452; 453
(varieties) Ten, 363
Tel-Kodukki, 617 Tendu, 452; 453
Tella-damaru, 1265—See:— Tene armani, M/94:—See:—
Damaru (varieties) Armani
Telladu maramu, 1265 Tene-atti, 545—See:—Atti
Telladuradagondi, 1226—See:— (varieties)
Gondi (varieties) Teng, 1082
Tellagadda, 65—See:—Gadda Tenga—See:—Chengeri-tenga
(varieties); Adavi-tellagada Tenginamara, 363
Tella-galijeru, 1229—See:— Tengu, 363
Galijeru Tenkayichettu, 363
Tellaghalijerdo, 122&—See:— Tennai, 1131
Ghalijeroo Tentul, 1191
Tella-jonna, 1160—See:—Jonna Tentuli, 1191
(varieties) Teora, 726
Tellakaluva, 859—See:— Teori, 691
Kaluva Teparee, 95i
Tella-madoi, 1198^See:— Tephrosia—See:—Purple
Madoi tephrosia
 INDEX 943

Tera, 691 Thanat-dau, 563—See:—Dau

Terada, 676—See:—Bhuya- Thandra, 1203
terada Thandukkirai, 88—See:—Kirai
Terebinth, 975 (varieties)
Teregam, 235—See:—Gam Thanella, 569
Terrichcha, 432 Thaner, 1196
TersuVpYiide oi antiinaony, M / I S TVianet^a, S21
—See:—Antimony (varieties) Thani, 1203
Teshira-monsha, 522—See:— Thanu-wen, 418—See:—Wer
Monsha Thao, 571
Tessul, 1303 Tharra, 594
Testa—See:—Ovi Testa Thartuvel, 1162
Testicles of a sheep or goat, Thasaung, 524
A/143 — See:—Devil's tes- Thatch grass, 1088
ticle Thathara, 211
Tesu, 222 Thau-ba-ya, 339
Tetan-kottai, 1181—See:— Thagwabo, 1105
Kottai (varieties) Thayet, 764
Teti, 402—See:—Sakkar-teti Thazavn-mina, 524—See:—
Tetraborate Sodium, M/103— Mina
See:—Sodium tetraborate Thazhai, 894
Tettian, 1181 The, 1213
Tetu, 876 Thechhi, 698
Teumani-chettu, 1317 Thee, 1213
Tezab, M/119 Thegi, 426
Tezpur, 568 Thelkodulkukkai, 771-72—See:
Thada, 594 —Kukkai
Thaddo, 1027 Thelu-kodi, 817—See:—Kodi
Thadsal, 594—See:—Sal (varieties)
(varieties) Themg-dan-hsa, M/109
Tha-du-wa, 708 Thendarmani, 799
Thagara—See:—Pindithagara Thengan, 653
Thagarai—See:—Usi-thagarai
Thagarai-verai, 291—See:— Thenkayamanu, 363
Verai (varieties) Then-muswe, M/46
Thagara-padika, 568—See:— Thenthe—See:—Kava-
thenthe
Paidithagara l^espesia afeuilles de peuplier,
Thalai—See:—Parangithalai 629
Thalanji, 353 Theyto—See:—Thora-theyto
Thalma, 946
Thamattan, 254 Thick-leaved lavender, 113—
Thambaon, 1211 See:—Lavender (varieties)
Thambati, 130 Thikam-daridah, 980—See:—
Thamma, 254 Daridah
Tham-wen, 1095 Thikri, 202
Than, M/54 Thiksnamanu, 863—See:—
Thana, 1203 Manu (varieties)
944 THE INDIAN UATESaA MEDICA

'Hiimai-Velvelam, 16—See:— Thottal shurungi, 799—See:—

Velvelam Shurungi
Thirr, 1126 Thottal-vadi, 799
Thistle—See:—Ciamel's thistle; Thottamvati, 799
Globe thistle; East Indian Thottasiningi, 799
Globe-thistle; Sow thistle; Thotti—See:—Kurunthotti
Yellow thistle; Indian Globe "Iliottiar' dates, 944—See:—
thistle Dates (varieties)
Thit-ka-du, 294—See:—Kadu Thracham, 328
(varieties) Three-leaved caper, 387—See:
Thitsi, 776 —Caper
Thitto, 1097 Thulasi, 863
Thivati, 1218 Thul-kurhi, 299—See:—Kuri
Thiya-kandha, 94—See:— (varieties)
Kandha Thum, 65
Thohar, 522; 524—See:—Barki- Thumbhul, 673
"^ohar Thumbi—See:—Karithumbi
Thohur, 524 Thumbo—See:—^Kalo-thumbo
Tholkuri, 662—See:—Kuri Thummittikai, 405—See:—Kai
(varieties) or Kayi (varieties)
Thomul, 877 Thuneer, 1196
Thona, 11.96 Thuner, 1196
Thondi—See:—Marithondi Thungtu, 1274
Thon-phiyu, M/42—See:— Thuno, 1196
Phiyu Thurai, 230—See:—Rai
Thonri—See:—Maruthonri (varieties)
Thonthapala, 1297—See:—Pala Thurbud, 691
. (varieties) Thuringi, 60; 797
Thuteribenda, 8—See:—
Thoonia loth, 373 Benda
Thor, 524 Thuththi, 8
Tliora, 524—See:—Khurasani- Thuthulai, 1153
thora; Netariothora Thuti, 518
Thora danadalio, 529—See:— Thwak, 328
Danadalio Thjrme^—See:—Garden thyme;
Thorapimpli, 1117—See:— Wild thyme
Pimpli Thyme-leaved gratiola, 624—
Thora-they-to, 872—See:— See:—Gratiola, thyme-
Theyto leaved
Thoree—See:—Jang-thoree Tia, A/216
Thorinjal, 1106—See:—Injal Tibet musk, A / 1 9 7 — S e e r -
Thorla-limbu, 346—See:— Musk (varieties)
Limbu (varieties) Tibilti, 978
Thorli-guijj, 39—See:—Gunj Tid-danda. 1307—See:—Danda
Thomapple, 434—See:—Apple
(varieties) Tidhara, 522
Thotalpadi, 799 , Tigade, 691
Thotha—See:—Nila-thotha Tigamushadi, 1220
 INDEX 94S-

Tiga-^-See:—Dondatiga; Gila- Tikul, 565—See:—Kul

tiga; Nellatiga; Pachitiga; (varieties)
Putaliga; Murial-tiga Til, 1126 — See: — Barik-til;
Tige—See:—^Miryala tige; Na- Chadu-til; Kala-til; Krishna-
la-tige; PetUtige; Tippatige; til; Rakta-til; Ramtil; Sanki-
Uppatige-sattu; Tippatige- til; Tallatil
veru; Kadep-tige Tila, 1126
Tiger, A/161 Tilaha, 1126
Tiger's Claw, 771 Tilaka, 332
Tiger's Milk Tree, 532—See:— Tilanaka, 1087
Milk-tree Tila-taila, 1126
Tihiri—See:—^Kinai tihiri Tilavana, 599—See:—Kattila-
Tihya-garjan, 456—See:— van; Mhoti tilavana; Mohti-
Garjan (varieties) tilavana
Tikatasij, 522—See:—Sij Tile-milahul-gile, M/101
(varieties) Tili, 1126
Tikchana, 728—See:—Ghana Tiliakora, 1220—See:—Kora
(varieties) (varieties)
Tikhi, 331—See:—Ran-tikhi Tilivana—See:—Pivla-tilivana
Tikhur, 634 Til-ka-tel, 1126—See:—Tel
Tikkari, 949—See:—Kari (varieties)
Tikke, 332 Tilla-chedi, 532
Tikkor, 770 Tillachettu, 532
Tikkur, 413—See:—Kur TiUaka, 1186
(varieties) Tilla-kada, 523
Tikora, 413—See:—Kora Tilmin, 1126~See:—Min
(varieties') (varieties)
Tikoshak, 387 Tilora, 154
Tikri, 334 Tilparni, 351—See:—Parni
Tikshna iron, M/56—See:— (varieties)
Iron (varieties) Tilvan, 351—See:—Kattilavan-
Tiksh'nam, M/55 Tilavana; M o h t i -tilavana;;
Tikshnatandula, 965—See:— Mhoti-tilavana
Tandula (varieties) Timah, M/116
Tikta—See:—Anaryatikta; Ma- Timaputih, M/85
hatikta; Vanatikta; Kirata- Timar, 165; 452
tikta Timbotikyobo, 328
Tiktadugdha, 891—See:— Timi, A/144
Dugdha Timtima, 1061
Tikta-koshataki, 752—See:— Timukhia, 266
Koshataki (varieties) Timor, 1303—See :—Purpuray:
Tiktalana, 722 tinaur
Tiktaraj, 94 Tin, M/116—See:—linpure tin;;,
Tikta-tumbi, 721—See:— P u r e tin
Tumbi (varieties) Tina, 897—See:—Valutina;
Tiktika — See:— Vanatiktika; Velvottuvalutina
Vanitiktika Tinaburu, 1303
346 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Tin bistilphurette—See:— Tirikon, 522—See:—Kon

Bisulphurette of tin (varieties)
Tincal, M/103 Tirippi—See:—^Vattatirippi
Tindisha, 1 Timut-patchi, 862—See:—
Tinduka, 452; 454; 1175—See: Patchi
—Kakatinduka Tirugu-kalli, 529—See:—Kalli
Tine-gazur, M/101—See;— (varieties)
Gazur Tirukalli, 529—See:—Kalli
Tingalavaray, 942—See:— (varieties)
Avaray Tirunirupachai, 862
Tinis, 890 Tirunitri, 862
Tinisa-segandun, 890—See:— Tirunitri-Pachcha, 141
Segandun Tiru-nitru, 861
Tinkal, M/103 Tiruvatti, 183
Tinkar, M/103 Tiryakphala, 924
Tjnkar-tankar, M/103 Tisi, 743
Ti^mani, 351 Tismahitam, M/83
Tinnai, 897 Tissi, 1089
Tinnevelly Senna, 286—See:— Tita, 376 — See:—Bakah-tita;
Senna (varieties) Maha-tita; Mishamitita;
Tinpani, 842 Zara-tita
Tinsa, 432 Titabli, 433
Tintidi, 1191 Tita-indrajao, 634—See:—
Tintil, 1191 Indrajao (varieties)
Tintili, 1191 Titakunga, 465
'Tintiri, 1191 Titaliya, 1159
Tintrani, 1191 Tita-Pat, 377—See:—Pat
Tinyri, 959 (varieties)
Tipari, 951 Titir, A/141; A/162
Tippali, 965—See:—Katu- Titm-ber, 1318—See :—Ber
tippali; Anaitippali (varieties)
Tippatega, 356 Titteriphala, 396
Tijjpatige, 1220—See:—Tige Tittiri, A/162
(varieties) Titt-taval, 360
'Tippa-tige-sattu, 1220—See:— Tivar, 165; 1160
Tige (varieties) Tivatigai—See:—Kattivatigai
'Tippatige-veru, 1220—See:— Tiwas, 890
Tige (varieties) Tobacco, 850
Tippili, 965—See:—Attitippili Todali, 1318—See:—Kadatodali
TippiUi, 965 Todami—See:—Pathmapu-
Tippli, 965 todami
Tiprikayi, 752—See:—Kai or Todda-maram, 423
Kayi (varieties) Toddapana, 422—See—Pana
Tir, 1126 (varieties)
Tirat, 392 Toddy, 1300 ©
Tireer, 1239 Toddy Palm, 946—See:—Pajm
Tiri, 955; 956 (varieties)
 mpEx 947

Todri-safed, 773—See:—Safed- Tori, 231—See:—Kali-tori; Ca-

todri lartori; Galartori; Pittori
Todrisurkh, 304—See:— ; Torki, 680
Surkh (varieties) Tormatti, 1199—See:—Matti
Togari, 231 (varieties)
Toka-miriyalu, 400—See:— Totalvadi, 799
Miriyalu (varieties) Totilla, 876
Tokka, A/155 Totonopak, 518
Tokmalanga, 724—See:— TouchAvood, 50; 51
Malanga (varieties) Tounghpyu, M/41
Toli—^See :-^Karuntoli Toung-than-gyee, 1010
Tolib-ul-khubza, 1028 Towel Gourd, 751—See:—
Toluene—See—Derivatives of Gourd (varieties)
toluene Towshay, 403
Toluk-petta, A/162 Toyapippali, 1104—See:—-
Tomato, 756—Strawberry Pippali (varieties)
tomato Tragacanth^—See:—Gum
Tondala—See:—Ran-tondala tragacanth
Tonde-kayee, 300~See:—Kai Trambo, M/47
or Kayee or Kayi (varieties) Tranaraj, 363
Tonde-konde, 300—See:— Trapu, M/116
Konde Trapusha, 403
Tondi, 235—See:—Meritondi Traveller's Tree, 1054
Tondli, 300 Trayamana, 550; 1213
Tonkin musk, A/197-^See: — Tree-cotton — See:— Cotton
Musk (varieties) Trayamana (varieties); In-
Tooda, 816 dian tree-cotton
Too-fup, 1143 Tree-Turmeric, 187; 384—See:
Toola, 816 —Turmeric (varieties)
Toon, 295—See:—Red toon Tree Spurge—See:—^Indian
Toona, 294; 295 tree-spurge; Spurge (varie-
Toon-maram, 295 ties)
Toora-ellay, 805 Trepatra, 1239
Toorshi, M/52 Trevalchinippal, 565—See:—
Tooth Brush Tree, 1092—See: Chinipal (varieties)
—Brush tree Triangular spurge, 522—See:—
Toppi, 481 Spurge (varieties)
Tor, 231—See:—Koh-tor Trichosanthes contourne, 1236
Tora, 291 Trichosanthes du Malabar, 1235
Trichosnathes lacinie, 1237
Torai, 751—See:—Ram-torai Tridhari, 522
Toralaga, 742 TriMio, 842
Toran, 1318 Trikala-muUa, 763—See: —
Torathi, 656 MuUa
Torbanna, 1278 Trikana, 965
Torch tree, 699 Trikantah, 1229
Torematto-madi, 1211 Trikanta-juti, 165—See:—Juti
948 THE INDIAN MAITERIA MEDICA

Trikantaka, 529—See:— Tudavalam, 1152—See:—

Kantaka (varieties) Valam (varieties)
Trikundri, 1229 Tudavullay, 1153
Trimburu, 1302 Tue, 548
Trimen, 1230 Tugakshiri, 172—See:—Kshiri
Trinadwajab, 172 (varieties)
Trinisha, 432 Tuka—See:—Pindi-tuka
Trinpali, 770 " Tukamerian, 864
Tripakshee, 371 Tukati-khareti, 1138—See:—
Tripungkee, 371
Triputa, 475; 691; 726 Khareti
Trishirmonsa, 522 Tukham-i-rihana, 864—See:—
Triticxun, 56 , Ribana
Tukhm-e-abi, 1038—See:—Abi
Triti-sukshmam, 475 Tukhm-e-kasani, 313—See:—
Trivrit, 691 Kasani
Trojh, 1071 Tukhm-ferungmishk, 464—
TrSna, M/101 See:—^Ferungmishk; Mishk
Tropical Duckweed, 976—See: (varieties)
Duckweed Tukhm-i-balan^, 724—See:—
Trottoo, 430 Balangu
T r u e Barberry, 191—See:— Tukhm-i-bikhe-hayata, 354—
Barberry (varieties) See:—Bikhe-hayata
True Custard Apple of Ame- Tukhm-i-kasusa, 420—See:—
rica, 115 — See:—Bullock's Kasusa
heart (Custard apple) Tukhm-i-nil, 688; 689—See:—
T r u e Indigo, 680—See:—Indigo Nil (varieties)
(varieties) Tukhm-i-sanobara, 957—See:
T r u e lemon grass, 104—See:— Sanobara (varieties)
Lemon grass Tukhmiza-ghira, 743
T n i e Sweet lime, 346—See:— Tukhmiza-ghira— See:—Ghira
Sweet-lime; Lime (varieties) Tukhm-malanga, 1093—See:—
True valerian, 1259—See:— Malanga (varieties)
Valerian (varieties) Tukim-i-baratunga, 986—
Truffle douce, 684—See:— See:—Baratunga
Douce Tukm-e-khitame, 84—See:—
Truti, 475 Khitame
Tsallogadda, 151—See:—Gadda Tukm-i-gandna, 855—See:—
(varieties) Gandna
TsaUu, 1061 Tukm-i-kahu, 719_See:—
Tsalsuma, 1061 Kabu
Tsiagri-nuren, 452 Tula, 587—See:—Kapas-tula;
Tsuing, M/46 Vartula
Tu-ak, 1300 Tula ambor, 816—See:—Ambor
Tualiqun, M/48 Tulasi, 865
Tubah, 445 Tulasi, 863; 865—See:—Ban-
Tuberika, 231 tulasi; Bhu-tulasi; Bisva-'
Tudaivachi, 389 tulasi; Dhala-tulasi; Elumi-
 iNbEX 949

cham tulasi; Gandha-tulasi; Tumma—See;—^Nugatumma;

Gola-tulasi; Kala-tulasi; Ka- Nallatuma; Tellatvunma
ri-tulasi; Kattarama-tulasi; Tummatti—See:—Paedikari
Katturamtulasi; Krishnatula- attutummatti; Vasitiumnatti;
si; Kukkatulasi; Kuppatxila- Atti (varieties)
si; Nai-tulasi; Nayitulasi; Tumni, 739
Nimma-tulasi; Ram-tulasi; Tumpa—See:—Karitmnpa
Ran-tulasi; Shiva-tulasi; Tumra, 1302
Van-tulasi; Sukla-txilasi Tumru, 1302
Tulatipati, 951 Tumvuru, 453
Tulep tree, 629 Tun, 294
Tulgonri, 611 Tuna, 294
TuHdxin, 1151 Tunaon, 809
Tulka-pyre, 937—See:—Pyre Tunavu, 809
(varieties) Tundakesi, 587
TuUa—See: —Madura-tulla Tundika, 300
Tulsamudra, 733 Tung, 1196; 1197—See:—
T u k e , 130 Rai-tung
Tuisi, 861; 863—See:—Kala- Tunga—See:—^Kala tunga
tulshi; Babui-tulsi; Bhui- Tunga-gaddai, 428—See:—
tulsi Gaddai
Tultuli, 652 Tunga-musthalu, 428
Tuma, 9 Tungamusti, 428—See;—
Tumal, 454 Mushti (varieties)
Tumala, 454 Tungrukung, 1302
Tumatti— See:—^Hatt-ttumatti; Tuni, 294
Kattu tumatti; Peyt-tumatti Tunkana, M/103
Tumba, 739—See:—Gatta- Tunth—See:—Nepal tunth
tumba; Peetumba Tunirniaram, 294
Tumbade—See:—^Kadwi- Tupi, 713
tumbade Tupkada—See:—^Ran-tupkada
Tumbai—See:—^Kazuthai- Tupkadi, 8; 1138; 1251
tumbai Tupkaria, 1134—See:—Karia
Tumbai-cheddi, 739—See:— (varieties)
Cheddi (varieties) Tuppa—See:—Jaentuppa
Tumbay-keere, 739 Tur, 231
Tumbekonji, 254 Tura, 561
Tumbi, 335; 453—See:~Katu- Turai, 751—See:—Karvi-
tumbi; Tikta-tumbi Turai; Ramturai; Ran-turai
Tumbilik-kay, 453 Turaka-bevu, 784
Tumbo, 739 Turaii, 1318
Tumbugai-pishin, 1133 Turanj, 348
Tumburu, 1302 Turanjabin, 611—See:—Bin
Tumika, 452
(varieties)
Tumiki—See:—Chilta-tumiki Turanji—See:—^Katturanji
Tumikichettu, 453 Turapauli, 1276
Tuma, 453 Turarimannu, M/lOO
950 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Turati, yU2 Tutri, 816

Turband, 691 Tutta, 8; M/52—See:—
Turbe, 1049 Mortutta
Turbeda, 691 Tuttha—See:—^Hiranya-tuttha;
Turbith Vegetal, 691—See:— Klharparatuttha
Vegetal Tuttam-turichi, M/52
Turbuch, 402 Tuttam or Tuttham, M/52—
Turi, M/52, 751; 752 See:—Mayid-tuttam;
Turia, 751; 752 Mayilu-tuttam; Mayura-
"Turkish Wheat',, 1305—Seer- tutiham
Wheat (varieties) Tutti, 8—See:—Ottuttutti;
Turmas, 755 Paniyar-tutti; Peruntutti
Turmeric, 414—See:— Tuttinaga, M/130—See:—Naga
Cochin-turmeric Tree- (varieties)
turmeric; Wildturmeric Tuttu—See:—Mayil-tuttu
Turmuz, 755 Tuttunagam, M/130—See:—
Turnip, 214 Nagam (varieties)
Turpentine-tree:—See:— Tutturabenda, 1134—See:—
Chian turpentine-tree Benda (varieties)
Turpeth root, 691 Tuvara, 231
Turpeth-Trichterwinde, 691 Tuvarai, 231—See:—Rai
Turphylla—See:— (varieties)
Unaniturphylla Tuvaraka, 658
Tursak, 1056—See:—Sak Tuvari, M/2; 231
(varieties) Tuver, 231
Turshah, 1079 Twitch, 56
Turtle, A/154 Two-flowered Indian Madder,
Turtles, A/202 869—See:—Indian Madder;
Turu, 561 Madder (varieties)
Turukageru, 96—See:—Geru Tyib, 537
(varieties)
Turukavepa, 784—See:—
Vepa (varieties)
Tut, 816; 817
Tuta, 817—See:—Nila-tuta Ubdie-narikaylum, 749
Tutanagam, M/130—See:— Ubha-gokhru, 926—See:—
Nagam (varieties) Gokhru (varieties)
Tutenague, M/130 Ubhi ringani, 1149—See:—
Tutham, 369 Ringani (varieties)
Tuthanjana, 369—See:— Ubkir, M/91
Anjana (varieties) Uchchhe, 805
Tuti, 403; 816 Uchchinta, 1153—See:—
Tutia, M/52; M/132—See:— Chinta (varieties)
Haran-tutiya; Hara-tutia; Uchellu, 595—See:—Hlu
Hura-tutia; Nella tutia (varieties)
Tutiri-chettu, 8 Uda—See:—^Narkya-uda
Tutiya-saba, M/64—See:— Udajati, 467—See:—Jati
Haratutia (varieties)
 951-
INPSX

Udala, 61—See:—Ala Umari, 145—See:—Ari

(varieties) Umatai, 434; 440—See:—Karu-
Udalai, 302; 70e—See:—Alai umattai
Udayan, 868 Umathan, 434—See:—Marul-
Uddu, 940 umathan
Uddulu, 940 Umatta-vrikshaha, 434—See:—
Ud-el-iui, 120 Vrikshaha (varieties)
lide-salam, 894—See:—Salam Umbar, 548
(varieties) Umbar-gular, 548—See:—
Udi, 236 Gular (varieties)
Udid; 940 Umbaro, 548
Udimaram, 868 Umbelia, 478
Udis, 71 Umbro—See:—Dhed-umbro
Udrikchettu, 595 Umbu, 829
Ud-salam, 893—See:—Salam Umbuti, 890
(varieties) Umde—See:—Vede-umde
Ud-salap, 893; 894—See:— Umetta, 434
Salap (varieties) Ummam, 434
Uduga-chettu, 58 Ummatha, 434
Udumara, 548 Ummatta—See:—Arasina-
Udumber, 548 ummatta
Uerangyum, M/23 Ummattay, 434
Uffes, 1041 Uimnatum, 434
Ugaru, 532 Ummettodumbara, 550
Ughaiputtai, 1091; 1092 Ummughilam, 9
Ugragandha, 65—See:— Umul-kuchi, 229
Gandha (varieties) Una, 172
Ugragranthi, 35—See:— Unamanigida, 1255
Granthi (varieties) Unaniturphylla, 519—See:—
Ujar-kanta, 133—See:— Turphylla
Kanta (varieties) Undag, 236
Ukamaram, 273 Undal, 803
Ukra, 1164 Undana, 861—See:—Dana
Ukshi, 247 (varieties)
Ulatchandal, 579 Undee-phal, 236
Ulavalu, 458 Undera-cha-kan, 719
Ulinja, 271 Underbibi, 706
Ulisi, 595 Underkani, 690
Ullegaddi, 63—See:—Gaddi Undi, 235; 236
Ulli-poondu, 65—See:—Poondu Undi-Mandare, 997—See:—
Ulooka, A/144
Ulpalabheda, 113 Mandare
Ululgyan hullu, 449 Undrachekan, 1196
Ulundu, 940 Undri, 662
Ulunnu, 940 Unhali, 561
Uluva. 1240—See:—Uva Unmatta — See:—^A r s h a -
Uma, 743 unmatta; Krishnaunmatta
Umar, 548 Unnab, 1318
•932 THE INDIAN'MATERIA MEDICA

Unprepared honey, A/193— Urla kalahgU, 1154—See: —

, See:—Honeywild; Honey Gadda (varieties)
(varietes) Urla kalanga, 1154—See:—
Unslaked lime, M/45—See:— Kalangu (varieties)
Lime (varieties) Urni, 353; 384
Untakatara, 468 Urohi-mahor-pat, 459—^Pat
Untoali, 561 (varieties)
Upaehakra, A/138 Ursanigu, M/21
Mandare Urti-poorti, 1221
Upadyki, 1007 Uniellu. 1126—See:—Ellti
Upafeuiickifea, S5d—Se0'.—. (varieties)
Kunchika (varieties)
Vrvh-os-suS, 415
Unila, A/196
Upalet, 1108 Uru-laikkizhangu, 1154—See:
Upana, 150 —^Kizhangu (varieties)
Uparanthi, 623 Urumatti, 387—See:—Matti
Upa^%r6e, 128
Upavishaka, 25—See:— (varieties)
Vishaka Uruvalu, 141
Upercao, 619 Uruvanjik-kaya, 1103
Upersari, 619 Urziz, M/116
Upi—See:—Tella-upi Usana, 988
Upland Georgian, 587 Userekee—See:—Nala-
Uplia-kamal, 859—See:— userekee
Kamal (varieties) Ushadhana, 110—See:—-
Upperiparanki, 268—See:— Dhana (vrieties)
Paranki Ushak, 463
Vppoo—^See;—Patlu-uppoo Ushaka, 542
Uppu, M/109—See:—Ana- Ushaklan, 1183
shuppu; Kpzhuppu; Droni- Ushanah, 964
uppu; Indu-uppu; Intu- Ushbah—See:—Jangli-iishbah
uppu; Kadluppu; Marada- Ushbahindi, 619—See:—
uppu; Mara-uppu; Moongil- Hindi (varieties)
uppu; Panniruppu; Pappa- Ushchi-usirika, 949—See:—
tak-mora-uppu; Patluppu; Usirika (varieties)
Pottil-uppu; Vederuppu; Usheera, 109
Mannu-uppu; Mindiripar- Usherihe—See:—Racha
uppu; Sambal-uppu; Par- usherilie
upu; Ketiuppu Ushittagarai, 291—See: —
Uppupona, 1060—See:—^Pona
Tagarai
Uppu-Sanaga, 388—See:—
Ushna Ooshak, 542—See:—
Sanaga Ooshak
Ur, A/146
Usiri, 481—^See:—Nela-usiri
Uram, 8
Urid, 940 Usirika—See:—Nela-usiri
Urigattige, 141 ka; Ushchi-usirika
Urines of sheep; goat; cow; Usi-thagarai, 530—See; —
she-buffolo; elephant; camel; Thagarai
horse; ass; ox; human, A/232 Uskia, 387
 INDEX. 953

Usrikayi, 481—See:—^Kai or Vada, 543—See:—Taravada

Kayi or Kayee (varieties) Vadaganneru, 993—See: —
Ussareh-i-revanda, 565 Ganneru (varieties)
Ustarkhar, 533—See:—Khar Vadam-kottai, 96; 1011—See:-
(varieties) Kottai (varieties)
Vste, 1153 < Vadatalla, 798-^See:—Talla
Ustra, A/146 Vadencarni, 1169
Ustukhudus, 219 Vadha, 1137
Ustukhudusa, 730 • Vadlayarala, 634—See;—
Usturak. 1183 Yarala
Ut, A/146 Vadlikarmal, 448—See: —
Utakantaka, 463—See:— Karmal (varieties)
Kantaka (varieties) V^dlikharaikapus, G30—See.' —
Utakanto, 468 Kharaikapus; Kapus
Utakatara, 1234 Vadli Kharwant, 550—See: —
Utanjan, 200—See:—Anjan Kharvant; Kharwant
(varieties) Vadli namdit, 1189—See: —
Utami, 430—See:—Ami Namdit
(varieties) Vadlo, 543
TJthamujeerun, 980 Vadulan, A/230
Utichettu, 352 Vadumai—See: —Nattuvadu-
Utigun, 725 mai
Utkara, 821—gee:—Kara Vaelapalam, 402
(varieties) Vaellarai, 662—See: — R a i '
XJtpalam, 1108 (varieties)
Utran, 430 • Vaema—See: —Naepal-
* Utranajutuka, 430 vaema
TJttamani, 430 Vaepamu—See: —Karivae-
Uttaraene, 21
pamu
Uttaranee, 21
Vaepu—See: —Karivaepu
tJttarani, 430
Vaerkadalai, 121—See: —
Uttatti, 943—See:—Atti
Kadalai (varieties)
(varieties) Vaerushanagalu, 121
Uukh, 1083 Vagai—See: —^Nilavagai
Uus, 1083 Vaganankta, 579
Uva, 448—See:—Uluva Vagata, 1048
Uzomut, 1188 Vaghai, 60
Vaarshiki; 704 Vaghami, 537—See:—Ami
(varieties)
Vaghayani, 537
Vaghe—See: —Konda vaghe;
Vabboola, 9 Kotvaghe
Vabbula, 9 Vaghnoru, 929
Vabkuchi, 1020 Vahassa, 807
Vach, 35 VahiSa, 807
Vacha, 35—See:—Sugandha- Vaidehikana, 965
vacha Vairam, M / 1
Vad, 543 Vaishnavi, 172
61
 954 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Vaivarang, 478 Valakaka, A/213—See:—Kaka

Vaividangam, 478—See: — Valam, 396—See:—Koovalam;
Vidanga Naervalam; Tuda-valam
Vaividungalu, 478 Valainbiri, 615—See:—^Biri
Va j aram—See: —Minvaj a- (varieties)
ram; Cheppuvajaram Valari, 457—See:—Kattu-
Vajji-tiirki, 25 valari
Vajra, M / 1 ; 522; 524 Valavarai, 254—See:—^Varai
Vajradanti, 175—See:—^Danti (varieties)
(varieties) Valei, 822
Vajradruma, 529 Valerandu, 705
Vajrakanda, 1188—See: — Valerian—See:—See: —
Kanda (varieties) Indian valerian; True
Vajrakantaka, 522—See: — valerian
Kantaka (varieties) Valermani, 586
Vajj^mtundi, 522 Valesulu, 595
Vajrangi, 614 Vali, 177; 1164—See:—
VajravaJH, 1284 Kirvali; Naruvali; Shatavali
Vaj-turki, 25 • Vallabhom, 271
Vaka, 52; 760—See:—Brihat- Vallaimurdu, 1203
vaka; Nila-vaka Vallaipimdu, 65—See: —
Vakai—See: —Nila-vakai Pimdu (varieties)
Vakapushpi, 1263 Vallai-Sharuimai, 1228—
Vakavraksha, 375 See: —Sharunnai
Vakerichebhat, 229—See: — Vallarai, 299—See:—Rai
Bhat (varieties)
Vakeri-mul, 229 Vallari, 485; 662—See:—Ari
Vakeri-mula, 229—See: — (varieties)
Mula (varieties) Valliharuhi, 690—See: —
Vakha-khaparo, 203—See: — Haruhi
Khaparo (varieties) Vallikalangu—See:— Kattu-
Vakhandi—See:—^VUayati- vallikalangu; Kalangu
vakhandi (varieties)
Vakkali, 117—See:—Kali Valli-kanjiram, 1172; 1173—
(varieties) See:—^Kanjiram
Vakra, 994 Vallil, 827
Vakragra, 618 Vallipal, 150—See:—Pdl
Vakuchi, 1019; 1267 (vai-ieties)
Vakudu, 1150 Valliyam, 969—See:—Yam
Vakulam, 801 (varieties)
Vakumbha, 273 Val-milaku, 400
Val, 39; 461—See:—Nagneval; Valo, 109—See:—Bhanavalo;
Paharval Kalo-valo; Pilo-valo
Vala, 109; 822—See: — Valrphul, 1266
Ajavala; Kadvala; Kala-vala; Valta-Epala, 1256—See: —
Mudivala; Narvala; Nirvala; Epala
Pivalavala; Parvala Pravala Valuchi-bhaji, 578—See: —
Valaka, 130 Bhaji (varieties)
 INDEX 955

Valuk, 402 Vanari, 818—See:—Ari

Valuk, 578—See:—Him- (varieties)
valuka Vanashempaga, 531—See: —
Vahiluwai, 296 Shempaga
Vaumbari, 615—See:—Bari Vanatikta, 1168—See:—Tikta
(varieties) (varieties)
Valumbirikai, 615—See: — Vanatiktika, 362—See: —
Birikai; Kai (varieties) Tiktika (varieties)
Valuru, 1281 Vanayamam, 1130—See: —
Valutina, 1151—See:—Tina; Yamam '
Velvottuvalutina Vanayainani, 1130—See:—,
Valutta polatali, 389—See: — Yamani
Polatali Vanchi—See:—^Kadavanchi;
Vaminta, 599—See:—^Kukka- Kallurvanchi; Nirvanchi
vaminta; Naela-vaminta Vanchi Kanto, 17
Vamnsa-lavanum, 172— Vandaka, 1263
See:—Lavanam (varieties) Vandehindi—See: —^Zaravan-
Van, A/Uer dehindi; Hindi (varieties)
Vana—See: —^Karivana Vanga, M/116; 1151—See:—
Vana-ardraka, 1308—See: — Hrasvanga; Svarnavanga
Ardraka Vangamaram, 876
Vajna-bhenda, 1256—See: — Vangan—See: —Vilaiti-
Bhenda (varieties) vangan
Vanaharidra, 413—See: — Vanhiruchi, 296—See: —
Haridra (varieties) Hiruchi
Vanajai, 352—See:—Jai Vanilla pods, 1264
(varieties) Vanitiktika, 333—See: —
Vana Laxmi, 822 Tiktika (varieties)
Vanamadhusnahi, 1145—See: Vankaya, 1151
—^Madhusnuhi Vankayi, 1151—See:—Kai
Vanamalliga, 703—See: — Kayi or Kayee (varieties)
Malligai; Mallige Vankuda, 1156—See:—Kuda
(varieties) (varieties)
Vanamalti, 700—Sep:—Malli 'Vanpakyundates, 944—See: —
Vanamethi, 557—See:—^Rfethi Dates (varieties)
(varieties) Vansa, 40; 172
Vana-methika, 1239—See; — Vansalavana, M/96—See:—
Methika; Methica Lavana (varieties)
(varieties) Vansapatri haritala, M/21—
Vanamimbuka, 581—See: — See:—^Haritala (varieties)
Mimbuka Vantulasi, 863—See:—Tulasi
Vanamudga, 942—See:— (varieties)
Mudga (varieties) Vapala, 753—See:—Pala
Vana-mugali, 1163; 1164— (varieties)
See:—Mugali Vara, 899—See:—^Bahuvara;
Vana-palandam, 1256—See:— Katu-vara; Rana-vara;
Palandam Varavara
956 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Varagogu, 1092—See:—Gogu Vasa, 35—See:—Nattiati-

(varieties) vasa
Varaha-kranta, 799—See: — Vasaka, 40; 746
Kranta VasanapuUa, 104
Varahikand, 1190—See: — Vasanavalli, 362
Kand (varieties) Vasanepillu, 110—See: —
Varai—See: —Nila-varai; Pillu (varieties)
Ponnavarai Vasanubhi, 23
Varam, 1309—See:— Vasanvel, 362
Chanduvaram; Sindhu- Vasare,. 761
varam Vasavasi, 830
Varanga, 633 Vasha, 822
Varangam, 328 Vashambu, 35
Varataka, A/158 Vashanavi, 23; 28
Varatika, A/158 Vashanuppulla, 104
Jfarattangi, 230 Vashira, 746
Yaravara, 861—See:—Vara Vasi-tummatti, 335—See: —
(varieties) Atti Tummatti (varieties)
Varayi, 897 Vaslakire, 177—See: —
Varda abyaza, 704—See:— Shivappu-vaslakire
Abyaza Vaso, 172
Vardara, 1075—See:—Dara Vasole-keray, 1164—See:-^-
Varech vesiculeux, 560 Keray
Vargalum, 1056 Vastuk^ 305
Varhadi, 590 Vasu, 203
Vari, 898; 899—See:—Dudha- Vasuka, 678
vari; Halvi-vari; Kilavari; Vata, 543 ,
Peddavari; Sadavari; Shata- Vata-dalla, 1315—See:—Dalla
vari; Hatavari; Satavari; Vata-ghin, 353—See: —Ghin
Shimai-shadavari Vatam, 543
Vari-gudhi, 899—See: — Vatamba, 565—See:—Amba
Gudhi i (varieties)
Vari-mahan, 899, See:— Vatana, 976; 977
Mahan Vatano, 977
Varinka—See: —Tella- Vatari, 1065
varinka Vatatirupie, 334
Varivattu, 1056 Vatavraksha, 543
Varkati, 615 Vathathiruppi, 1134
Vatoli, 360
Varnavat, 414 Vatasanabha, 23
V a m i , 475 Vatsanabhi, 23—See:—Nabhi
Varnish tree—See:—^Black (varieties)
varnish tree Vatsika, 634
"Varshikand—See: —Kand Vatta-killu Killuppai, 394
(varieties) Vattampu—See: —^Nandia
Vartula, 977—See:—Tula vattampu; Nanthia-vattampu
Varuna, 387—See: — Vattatirippi, 1134—See: —
Ajapa-varuna Tirippi
 INDKX 957

Vattekanni, 759—See: — Vegetable rennet, 1291—See:

Kaimi (varieties) Rennet
Vattilai-kasturi, 627—See: — Vegetable Sulphur, 758—See:
Kasturi (varieties) —Sulphur (varieties)
Vavadinga, 478 Vegetal—See: —Turbith
Vavala, 651—See:—Ala vegetal
(varieties) Vegisa—See: —^Exra-vegisa
Vavili, 1278—See:—NaUa- Vegtangel, 433
vavili;.Niruvavili; Shiru- Veila, 792
vavili; Tellavavili VeiUtta-champakam, 792—
Vavut, M/103 See: —Champakam
Vayakkavalai, 1198 (varieties)
Vayalculli, 667 Vekhand, 35
Vayambhu, 35 Vekhario, 682; 683
Vayaram, M / 1 VekhariyOj 679
Vayastha, 480;/1205 Vekkan, 746
Vayavarna, 387 Vekkuditege. 271
Vayilethe, 1275 Velaga, 535
Vayilettu, 1275 Velai, 599—See: —Nayi-velai
Vayingana, 1151 Velakkai, 1296—See:—Kai or
Vayinge, 1151 Kayi (varieties)
Vayinivadunga, 524—See: — Velakura, 589—See:—Kura
Nivadunga (varieties)
Vayni, 996 • Velam-pasi, 1262—See: —Pasi
Vayrti—See:—^Paputta vayru Velati kachur, 608—See:—
Vayubaliga, 478 Kachur (varieties)
Vayu-vilamgam, 478—See:— Velati-mung, 121—See: —
Vilamgam Mung (varieties)
Vayz—See:—^Munnil-vayz Velaty erandi, 706—Erandi
Vazhapazhathi, 374 (varieties)
Vazhukkaipillu, 422—See: — Velayti, Mhendi, 838—See:—
Pillu (varieties) Mhendi or Mebndi
Vazhutina—See: —Vellothu- (varieties)
vazhutina Velbondi, 177
Vchkalij 978 Velchi—See:—^Lal velchi;
Vebudipatri, 862 Safed-velchi
Vedankike, 1264 VeHode, 92; 475—See: —
Vederuppu, 172—See: — Mote-veldode
Uppu (varieties) Velenge, 1027
Vede umde, 550--See: — Velgond, 177—See: —Gond
Umde (varieties)
Vedi-halad, 414—See: — Veliki, 1264
Halad (varieties) Velipandu, 402—See: —
Veduru, 172 Pandu
Vedurubeeam, 172 Veliparitte, 430
Veelum—See: —Kariveelum Veliparutti, 430—See: —
Veeranam, 109 Parutti (varieties)
Veesaj, M/96 Velivi, 225
 958 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

VeUa-ellay, 827 Vellari-verai, 402—See: —

Vellai-damar, 1265—See:— Verai
Damar (varieties) Velleinyarel, 516
Vellai-Kungiliyam, 1265— Velleri—See: —^Katu-veUeri
See: —^Ktingiliyam Vellerku, 242
(varieties) Velley-putali, 1170—See: —
Vellai-kunrikam, 1265—See:— Putaii
Kimrikam Velli, M/14—See:—Nagvelli
Vellai-maruda maram, 1198— Velligaram, M/103
See: —^Maruda-maram VeUi-kundricum, 1265—See:
Vellai-noch-chi, 1278—See: — —Kundrikam
Nochchi (varieties) Vellil, 535
Vellaippa-polam, 170—See: — Vellila, 827
* Polam Velli-lothi, 118&-^ee: —
Ir Vellai-saranai, 1229r-See: — Lothi
Saranai Velliyya, M/85
Yellajung, 969—See:—.Jung Vellothu-vazhutina, 1149—
Vella-Kadamba, 118—See: — See:—^Vazhutina
Kadamba (varieties) Vellu—See:—Vetti-vellu
Vella-kadugu, 213—See:— VeUuli, 65
Kadugi.1 (varieties) Vellulli, 65
Vella-Kondrikam,' 1 2 6 ^ S e e : VeHuram, 1135; 1138
—Kondrikam Velluta modela mukku, 999
Vellakotuveri, 990—See: — Velupparutti—See: —Parutti
Kotuveri (vai-ieties) (varieties)
Vella-Kundurukkaxn, 1265— Velutharali, 993
See: —Kundurukkam Velvelam, 16—See:—^Thimai-
Vella Kurunji, 1022—See: — velvelam
Kurunji Velvet-leaf, 334
Vellal, 478 Velvottuvalutina, 1150—See:
—Valutina;; Tina
VellaUay, 827 Vehbaka, 776
VeUalothi, 446 Vembu, 776—See:—Kari-
Vella-marda, 1198—See: — vembu; Malai-vembu; Nila-
Marda vembu; Sivanarvembu;
Vellambal, 8 5 9 - ^ e e : — Shivanarvembu
Ambal Vempadon, 1266
Vellanaga, 375—See:—Naga Vempali, 561
(varieties) Vempaval Erimapase, 807
Vellanangu, 156 Vempu—See: —MuUay-
Vellanpal, 859—See:—Pal vempu
(varieties) Vemu—See: —^Nelavemu;
Veila pashanum, M/16—See: Nila-vemu; Verrinelavemu
—^Pashanum (varieties) Venangu, 1027
Vellapundu, 65—See:—^Pundu Venda, 1
(varieties) Vendai, 629
Vellari—See—: Mullanvellari; Vendaikkay, 1
MuUuvellari Vendakaya, 1
 INDEX 959

Vendapa, 655 Verrinelavemu, 869—See:—

Vendayam, 1240 Nelavemu; Vemu
Vendi, M/14; M/116 (varieties)
Vendischer kummel, 408 Verri-pala, 150; 1252—See: —
VendukoUi, 283 Pala (varieties)
Vengai—See: —Mullu- Verri-puchcha, 355—See:— "
vengai Puchcha (varieties)
Vengai maram, 1025 Verse-atti-pandhlu, 550
Vengan, 1151 Vetasa, 233—See: —
Vengaram, M/103 Amlavetasa
Vengayam, 63—See:—Nari- Vetch—See: —Chickling-
vengayam; Shirunai-i- vetch; Field vetch
vengayam Vethra, 234
Venivel, 333; 334 Veti-uppu, M/91—See: —
Venivit, 334 Uppu (varieties)
Veni-waela, 334 Vetpalai, 1296—See:—Palai
Veniwel, 994 (varieties)
Venkaram, M/103 Vetpalarisi, 1296—See: —
Venkurunji, 174—See;— Kashappu-Vetpalaishi
K u n m j i (varieties) Vetpala-verai, 1296—See: —
Venney, A/178 Verai (varieties)
Venom—See: —Snake venom; Vetteku, 230
Cobra venom Vettil, 130
Ventakkaya, 1 Vettila, 961
Ventayam, 1240 Vettilai, 961
Venti, 148 Vetti-vellu, 109—See:—Vellu
• Ventiyam—See: —Kattu- Vettiver, 109
ventiyam Vetti-veru, 109
Ventoni, 579 Vettuvalli, 385
Venn, 172 Veturu, 798
Vepa, 776—See:-i-Konda- Vhaneri, 725
vepa; Turukavepa Vhekal, 1011
Veppalai, 634; 1296 Vibliitaka, 1202
Veppan, 7.76 Vibhitaki, 1202
Veppu, 776 Vichchida, 771
Vepu—See: —Nila-vepu Vichitrah, 1104
Verai—See:—Thagaxai-verai; " Victor's laurels, 729—See: —
Vellari-verai; Vetpala-verai Laurel; Alexandrian
Verali—See: —Hippal-verali laurel
Vidanga, 478—See:—^Vaivi-
Verdigris, M/52 dangam
Verenda, 1065 . Vidara vishvasarka, 872—See:
Veritelnep, 1298 —^Vishvasarka
Vermilion, M/72 Vidari, 686
Verri-beera, 753—See: — Vidpune, 394
Beera Vidruma, A/156
Verricha-tarasi, 805—See: — Vidyachi Pan, 9 6 0 - ^ e e : —
Tarasi Pan (varieties)
960 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Vielblutige Blattblume, 947 Vilayati Karua, 153—See: —

Vigne-Cultive, 1285 Karua (varieties)
Vijapura, 346 Vilayati kikar, 14—See: —
Vijaya, 256; 1205 Kikar (varieties)
Vijramula, 1188—See:— Vilayati Mehndi, 838—See:—
• Mula (varieties) Mehndi (varieties)
Vijri, 524 Vilayati Mhendi, 927—Mhendi
Vikankar, 606—See:—Kar (varieties)
(varieties) Vilayati-nim, 784—See:—Nim
Vikarigata, 555 (varieties)
Vikhari, 978 Vilayati-vakhandi, 400—See; —
Vila, 535—See:—Kapa-vila Vakhandi
Vilaithi nevarung, 873—See: — Vilayeti—^jhatamanshi, 1260—
Neverang See:—Jhatamanski or Jhata-
Vilaiti-nil, 677—See:—Nil manshi
(vttieties) Vilimbi, 163
Vilaiti vangan, 756—See:— Villayadelay, 9iSl
Vangan Viluttu, 225
Vilaiyte sem, 942—See:—Sem Vilvam, 45
Vilalqjittam, 535 Vilva-pazham, 45—See: —
Vilam—See: —Nelavilam Pazham (varieties)
Vilamgam—See: —Vayu- Vimbaja, 300
vilamgam Vimboshta, 300
Vilandi—See:—Kuri-vilandi , Vimbu—See: —Nilavimbu
Vilaphalam, 535 Vinayi—See: —^Kada-vinayl
Vilastha animals, A/139 Vinchhu, 771
Vilatiamli, 563—See: — Vine—See: —^Balloon-vine;
Indian Wild vine; Wild vine
Amli Vingar, 606
Vilati Chemeli, 1046—See: — Violet—See:—Wild violet
Chameli (varieties) Vipitakaha, 1202
Vilati-chuna, M/41—See: — Vippundu—See: —^Kuri-
Chima (varieties) vippundu
Vilati Kachu, 715—See: — Vira—See; —Katuvira;
Kachu (varieties) Sauvira
Vilav, 535 Viradhar, 419
Vilayathi Afsantin, 141—See: Virai—See: -—Kasini-virai;
—^Afsantin Kasturi-vendaikkayvirai;
Vilayati-agati, 283—See: — KakkaykoUivirai; Ishappu-
Agati kolvirai; Kuluppalai-virai;
Vilayati-babul, 14—See: — Mulaippalavirai; Nilavirai
Babul Paeravirai; Punnaivirai;
Vilayatigavat, 774—See: — Shatakupivirai; Shatlatu-
Gavat virai; Shimairaadalailvirai
Vilayatihullu, 774—See: — Virali, 457
HuUu (varieties) Viranga, 478
Vilayati-kangai, 763—See: — Viravriksha, 798—See: —
Kangai Vrikshaha (varieties)
 INDEX 961

Virohi, 1170 Vishnugandhi, 531—See:—

Virusampenga, 997—See: — Gandhi (varieties)
Sampenga (varieties) Vishnu-karandai, 1162—See:
Virushanaga-kaya, 121— —Karandai
See: —Shanaga-kaya . Vishnukarandi, 531—See: —
Visagul, M/97; M/161—See: — Karandi
Gul (varieties) Vishnu-krant, 690—See: —
Visaltvak, 80 Krant
Visalyakrit, 468 Vishnu-kranta, 354; 531—
Vish—See: —^Mithavish See:—Kranta (varieties)
Visha, 23; 25; 28—See:— Vishnukranti, 531—See: —
Athivisha; Ativisha; Nir- Kranti
visha; Sankhavisha; Sarpa- Vishnu-priya, 865—See: —
visha Priya (varieties)
Visha boddi, 1134 Vishtindu, 1175
Vishaka—See: —Upavishaka Vishvasarka—See:—
Visha-kallu, M/97—See: — Vidara vishvasarka
Kallu (varieties) Visikilamu, 1264
Vishakantakalu, 1268—See: — Vismogri, 704—See: —
Kantakalu Mogri (varieties)
Visha khaddi, 1134—See: — Visoushada, 308
Khaddi Vitchie, 698
Vishaka—See: —Upavishaka Vitellus—See:—O vivitellus
Vishala, 335; 405 Vitriol—See:—^Blue vitriol;
Vishalakarani, 443—See: — Green vitriol; Roman-
Karani vitriol; 'WThite vitriol
Vishamandala, 389—See: Vittulu—5ee: —Bogi-vittulu;
Mandala Jeedivittulu; KoUi-vttulu
Vishamavi, 23—See:—^Mavi Mushtivittulu; Nepala-
Vishamoongil, 389—See:— vitholu; Niradi-vittulu;
Moongil •Ponna-vittulu; Shatakupi-
Vishaimnoonguh, 389—S^e: — vittulu; Shimagoranti vit-
Moonguli tulu; Badam-vittulu;
Vishamula, 389—See: — Bhavanchi-vittulu; Chanu-
Mula (varieties) pala-vittulu; Kasini-vittulu;
Vishamushti, 1175—See:— . Kasturibenda-vittulu; Kupi-
Mushti (varieties) vittulu; Gorantivittulu;
Visha-shodhani, 677—See: — Kapivittulu
Shodhani Vitusi, 387
Vishaya, 177 Vizhaip-pazham, 822
Vishesha-dhoop, 211— Vizhamungal, 389
See: —Dhoop Voadalam, 11
Visheshdhup, 211—See: —
Dhup (varieties) Vodaruku, 543
Vishkhapra, 1228—See: — Vodle khatkutli, 818—See: —
Khapra KhatkutU
Vishkira birds, A/140 Vola, 170
Vishnanuir, 23—See:—Nuir Volkameria, 352
962 THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Vollay-menasu, 969—See:— Vurkatee, 615

Menasu (varieties) Vurthingi, 230
Voma, 1028 Vurtuli, 798
Vomiting swallow-wort, 150— Vusayley-keeray, 1164
See:—Swallow-wort (varie- Vuttei-Khilloo-Killupai, 392
ties)
Vona, 587
Vona-Shunti, 1309—See:—
Shunti (varieties) Wa, 94
Vondelaga, 662 Wacha, 1143
Vor, 543 Wacholderbeeren, 710
Vova, 1028 Wacholder-beerol, 710
Vovaliruku, 801 Wacholderob, 710
Vovo, 1028 Wael-buraenda, 352
VrahaH, 1150 Wagad, 587
Vi-atua^hodhakari, 776—See:—
Shwlhakari Wagati, 1290
Vrashavalli, 6S6 Wagdau-Bhendi, 1256—"See:—
Vratakosha, 753 Bhendi (varieties)
Vriddha-daraka, 136-~See:— Wageti—See:—^Kariwageti
Daraka Wagtail—See:—Common
Vriddhakamika, 334—See:— wagtail
Kamika Wah, 588
Vriddhi, 756 Walaitl, 176
Vridhadarak, 685—See:— Wahres ohrakraut, 609
Darak i» "Wakadia" Gowar, 420—See:—
Yrihati, 1149 Gowar (varieties)
Vrihatpushpi, 392—See:— Wakandi, 596
Pushpi (varieties) Waken, 1075; 1290
Yrihi, 877 Wakkwooganapan, 393—See:—
Vrikashapa, 295 Pan (varieties)
Vrikshaha, 1278; 1281—See:— Wal-ahaUa, 286—See:—Ahalla
Nila-vriksha; Umatta-vrik- Wal-kidaran, 137—See:—
shaha; Vira-vriksha Kidaran
Vrinlaka—See:—^Krishna- Walkiussbaum, 709
vrinlaka Wall-Rue, 156—See:—Rue
yrinta—See:—Krishna- (varieties)
vrinta Walnut, 709—See:—Indian
Vrishanasana, 478 walnut
Vrisha Sinhamuki, 40—See:— Wal papri, 461—See:—^Papri
Sinhamukhi Wal-pat-paadagam, 869
Vrishi-kali, 1226—See:—Kali Wal-ratdugalabu, 1285
(varieties) Walsura, 1233; 1290
Vuchnag, 23—See:—Nag Walurrsi, 1233
Vuir, 1089 Walu Sapu, 796—See:—Sapu
(varieties) Wampara, 448—See:—^Para
Vummaay, 309 Wander-roti, 857—See:—^Roti
 INDEX 963

Wandschldflechte, 922 Watkana, 199

Wandurbasingh, 466 Watpan, 1251—See:—Pan
Wangan, 1151—See:—Wan- (varieties)
wangan Watta-tali, 17—See:—Tali
Wangi, 1151—See:—Wei wangi (varieties)
Wangru—See:—^Mattisa- Wawa—See:—^Zanza-ba-wawa
wangru Wawrvmg, 478
Wangum—See:—Mircfa- Wax, A/151
wangum Wax-flower Plant, 1189
Wans, 172 Wax gourd,- A/203—See:—
Wara-gudu, 423—See:—Godu Gourd (varieties)
Warangan, M/19 Way-Bread, 986—See:—Bread
Waran-ganpulih, M/16—See:— Weak-fish, A/135—See:—Fish
Ganpulih (varieties)
Warella, 457 Weeds—See:—Snake-weed,
WarialH, 557—See:—AUi Bishop's weed; Seaweedls;
(varieties) Squaw weed; Hog-weed;
Wari-kaha, 787—See:—Kaha Spreading Hogweed
(varieties) (varieties)
Warjippe, 508 Weeping Nyctanthes, 857—
Wairofam, 467 See:—^Nyctanthes
Warmfarnwarzal, 467-—See:— Weichaariger stechapfel, 434
Famwarzel Weisse Blatt-blume, 947
Warras, 626 Weisser Santelbaum, 1098
"Wars", 760 Weisser-senf, 213
Warumba, 1156 Welchi, 823
Washing Soda, M/101—See:— Well-water fish, A/214—See:—
Soda (varieties) Fish (varieties)
Wash-sponge, 752—See:— Wei wangi, 756—-See:—Wangi
Sponge Wen—See: —^Thanu-wen
Waso—^See:—^Kalawaso Wena, 1056
Wassermalone, 338 West Indian Arrowroot, 770—
Watana—See:—Kala-watana See:—^Arrowroot; Indian
Water Chestnut—See:—Indian arrowroot
Water Chestnut, etc. Whale, A/144; A/154
Water-cress, 736; 843—See:— Wheat, 1244—See:—Beardless
Cress (varieties) wheat; Buck-wheat; Spelta
Water Germander, 1212—See: wheat; Turkish wheat
—Germander •Whey (Kanjika) M/104; A/176
Water-hauf, 522—See:—Hauf White adulsa, 714—See:—
Water Hyacinth, 472—See:—
Adulsa (varieties)
Hyacinth
Water-lily, 859—See:—Lily White Agaric, 50; 1001—See:—
(varieties) Agaric
Watermelon, 338—See:—Melon White arsenic, M/15—See:—
(varieties) Arsenic (varieties)
Water moUusk, A/166—See:— White birch bark, 198—See:—
MoUusk Birch bark
 964 THE INDIAN MATERIA MKDICA

White copperas, M/133—See:— White Sandalwood tree, 1098—

Copperas (varieties) See:— Sandalwood (varie-
White cowries, A/158—See:— ties)
Cowri (varieties) White Shark, A/214; 231—See:
White Dammer Tree, 1265— Shark
See:—^Dammer tree White SUajit, M/23—See:—
White felspar—See:—^Native Shilajit or Silajit (varieties)
white felspar; Felspar White silk cotton tree, 505—
(varieties) See:—Silk cotton tree (varie-
White fish, M/216—See:—Fish ties)
(varieties) White talc, M/123—See:—Talc
White gourd—See:—^Long (varieties)
white gourd; Gourd (varie- White vitriol, M/133—See:—
ties) Vitriol (varieties)
White Gfourd Melon, 185—See: White Waterlily, 858—See:—
—Gc)urd melon Waterlily; Lily (varieties)
^ i t ¥ hhorn-hound, 771—See:—
White White zinc, M/132—See:—Zinc
Horn-hound (varieties)
White lead, M/85—See:—Lead Wild Almond, 1170—See:—
(varieties) Almond (varieties)
White Leadwort, 990—See:— Wild Carrot, 935—See:—
Leadwort (varieties)
White Mangrove, 165-—See:— Wild Celery, 119—See:—
Mangrove Celery
White meat, A/141—See:— Wild chicory, 313—See:—
Meat Chicory
White mica, M/129—See:— Wild cinchona, 118—See:—
Mica (varieties) Cinchona
White Mulberry, 816—See:— Wild cowrie fruit, 281—See:—
Mulberry (varieties) Cowrie fruit
White mustard, 213—See:— Wild Date, 946—See:—Dates
Mustard (varieties) (varieties)
White of Egg, A/ie-t—See:— Wild or Dog Mustard, 351—
Egg (varieties) See:—^Dog mustard; Mustard
White oxide of arsenic, M/15— Wild Eggs Plant, 1150—See:—
See:— Oxide of arsenic; Egg plant
Arsenic oxide Wild Ginger, 130&—See:—
White peas—See:—Pea Ginger (varieties)
Wild Gourd—See:—Gourd
(varieties). (varieties)
White pepper, 960—See:— Wild honey, A/193—See:—
Pepper (varieties) Honey (varieties)
White Poppy, 901—See:— Wild ipecacuanha, 151—See:—
Poppy (varieties) Ipecacuanha (varieties)
Wild lime, 160—See:—lime
White pumpkin, 185; 722—See:
(varieties)
—^Pumpkin (varieties) Wild hquorice, 5—See:— >
White rose—See:—^Rose; In- Liquorice' (varieties)
dian White Rose
 INDEX 965

w a d Mango, 1166—Seer- Wolf's bane, 28—See:—Bane

Mango (varieties) (varieties)
-Wild mangosteen, 452—See:— Wolf's milk der Alten, 522
Mangosteen (varieties) Wonderflower—See:— Mexi-
Wild Marjoram, 875—See:— can wonderflowers
Marjoram (varieties) ^ Wood-apple—See:—Apple
Wild mint, 790—See:—Mint (varieties)
(varieties) Wood charcoal, M/46—See:—
Wild mustard—See:—Mustard Charcoal (varieties)
(varieties) Wood oil tree, 456—See:—
Wild pepper—See:—Indian Gil tree
Wild Pepper; Pepper Woodooga, 61
(varieties) Wood-tree--See:—Iron wood-
Wild saffron, 278—See:— tree; Moochy wood-tree
•Saffron (varieties) Woody Nightshade, 1150—See:
Wild sarsaparilla, 1145—See:— —^Nightshade (varieties)
Sarsaparilla (varieties) Wool-fat—See:—^Anhydrous
Wild snakegourd, 1236—See:— wool-fat; Hydrous wool-fat
Snakegourd Wooly Butt, 512—See:—Butt
Wild squill—See:—Small wild Wormkiller, 138
squiU; SquUl (varieties) Worm Mushroom, 1001—See:—
Wild Suran, 1188—See:— Mushroom (varieties)
Suran (varieties) Worm seed, 142—See:—Ameri-
Wild Thyme, 1219; 1315—See: can worm seed
—^Thyme (varieties) Worm-wood, 141—See:—Mad-
Wild turmeric, 413—See:— ras worm-wood.
Turmeric (varieties) Wort—See:—Sneezwort; Soap-
Wild vine—See:—Indian wild fort; Perfoliate soapwort
vine; Vine (varieties) Wothalay, 11
Wild Violet, 1274—See:— Wound-herb—See:—^Heathen
Violet wound-herb
Willow-bark, 1089 Wrought Iron, M/55—See:—
Winged insects, a group of, Iron (varieties)
A/166 Wucherndu Hvmdzahn, 425
Winged-leaved Clitoria, 354— Wu-lou-tzu, 423
See:—Clitoria Wumb, 846
Winri, 384 Wun-wangan, 994—See:—
Winter Cherry, 271; 950; 1292 Wangan
—See:—Cherry (varieties) •"Wuras", 761
Wintergreen—See:—Indian
Wintergreen
Witton root, 519 '
Yabis—See:—Zulah yabis
Wodrasi, 80 Yaga—See:—^Nayit-yaga
Wohlriechende Michelie, 794; Yahava— See:—^Laghu-yahava
795 ^ Yahud—See:—^Faqurul yahud
Wohlriechencjer, 847 Yakada-Kittam, M/62—See:—
Wolf Claw, 758—See:—Claw Kittam
 868 THE INDIAN MAIERIA MEDICA

Zanjabil, 1309—See:—Bil Zinc—See:—^Flowers of Zinc;

Zankurmadni, M/64—See: — Impure commercial zinc;
Madni White zinc
Zanvm, A/147 Zinc carbonate, M/131—See: —
Zanza-ba-wawa, 830—See:— Carbonate of Zinc
Wawa Zinc ore, M/130—See:—Ore •
Zarasa, M/11 (varieties)
Zara Tita, M/32—See:—Tita Zinc subcarbonate, M/131—
(varieties) See:—Subcarbonate of Zinc
Zaravandehindi, 139—See:— Zinc sulphate, M/133/See: —
Hindi (varieties) Sulphate of Zinc
VandeJiindi (varieties) Zinc sulphate & carbonate,
Zarbuti, 419—See:—Buti M/131—See:—Sulphate &
Zardak, 441—See:—Dak Carbonate of Zinc
Zard-chobah, 415—See: — Zinian, 280
4Chobah Zinianas-Nankhvah, 1028—
Z&d halela, 1205—See: — See:—^Nankhvah
Halela Zini bathi, 127—See:—Bathi
Zarishk, 187 Zinjru, 679
Zamal, 554 Zinjvo, 103
Zarneik-zard, M/21 Zinzma, 103
Zarwand-i-gird, 140 Zinzvo, 111
Zarwand-i-tawil, 140 Zipharana, 390
Zatakasturika, 626—See: — Zip-hiyu-si, 481
Kasturika Zir, 545; 786; 1239
Zawad-bander, A/234—See: — Zira, 408
Bander Zirishk, 189; 191
Zebu, A/202 Zimubbirmi, 1196—See: —
Zedoary—^ee:—Round Birmi
zedoary; Yellow-zedoary Zirsud, 415
Zeebaq, M/eS Zonnalu—See:—^Makka-
Zeera, 408 zonnalu
Zehar-mohra, A/161—See: — Zuddulbaher kafdarya, A/210
Mohra (varieties) —See: —^Kafdarya
Zehere, 360 Zue-Kerapfel, 116—See: —
Zende baladahullu, 308—See: Kerafel
—Baladahullu Zufa, 845
Zera Mohra, M / 9 7 ~ S e e : — Zufah-yabis, 673—See: —
Mohra (varieties) Yabis
Zergul, 234 Zupha, 673; 674
Zero, 408 Zumeik surkh, M/19—See: —
Zetton, 1017 S u r k h (varieties)
Zurtum, 278
Zhadvar, 443 Zuz-ul-kuch, 1047—See:—
Zharas, 805 Kuch
Zibakh, M/67 ^weigerbse, 311
Zimeh, 1183 " Zwillingsp-blaume, 846
Zimmtr328