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BSC208A - Tutorial - 1 Theory

The document provides 10 problems involving partial differential equations. The problems cover forming PDEs by eliminating arbitrary constants, solving PDEs using Lagrange's method, and finding characteristic equations for given PDEs. Key answers are provided that show the steps to solve each problem and arrive at the characteristic equations in simplified form.

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KaranSahu
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
252 views

BSC208A - Tutorial - 1 Theory

The document provides 10 problems involving partial differential equations. The problems cover forming PDEs by eliminating arbitrary constants, solving PDEs using Lagrange's method, and finding characteristic equations for given PDEs. Key answers are provided that show the steps to solve each problem and arrive at the characteristic equations in simplified form.

Uploaded by

KaranSahu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences Peenya

Campus, Bangalore – 560 058


Department of Mathematics
Subject: Mathematics – 4 Course/Branch: B. Tech. (All Branches)
Subject Code:BSC208A Semester - 4

Tutorial – 1

Form a partial differential equation by eliminating arbitrary constants from the given equations.

1. 𝑧 = (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2
2. 𝑢 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧
3. 𝑧 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧
4. Find the PDE of the family of all spheres whose centres lie on the plane 𝑧 = 0 and have
a constant radius 𝑟
Hint : (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 + 𝑧 2 = 𝑟 2 (Form PDE by eliminating 𝑎 and 𝑏 )

𝑥2 𝑦2
5. 2𝑧 = +
𝑎2 𝑏2

6. 𝑎(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑏𝑧 2 = 1
7. log(𝑎𝑧 − 1) = 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 + 𝑏
8. 𝑧 = (𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑦 + 𝑏)
9. 𝑧 = 𝑎 log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑏
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
10. 𝑎2
+ 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 = 1

Solve the following partial differential equations by Lagrange, s method

Type 1

1. 𝑥𝑝 + 𝑦𝑞 = 𝑧
2. 𝑝+𝑞 = 1
3. 𝑥2𝑝 + 𝑦2𝑞 = 𝑧2
4. 𝑝 + 𝑞 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
5. 𝑦𝑧 𝑝 + 𝑧𝑥 𝑞 = 𝑥𝑦
6. 𝑧𝑝 = 𝑥
7. 𝑝 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + 𝑞 cot 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑧
8. (𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 )𝑝 − 𝑥𝑦 𝑞 = 𝑥𝑧
9. 𝑦 2 𝑝 − 𝑥𝑦𝑞 = 𝑥(𝑧 − 2𝑦)
10. 𝑝 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑞 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑧
11. 𝑦 2 𝑧𝑝 = 𝑥 2 (𝑧𝑞 + 𝑦)
Key answers
𝑥 𝑦
1: 𝑧
= 𝑐1 𝑧 = 𝑐2

2: 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 − 𝑧 = 𝑐2
1 1 1 1
3:𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 𝑐2

4: 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑧 + cos(𝑥) = 𝑐2

5: 𝑥 2 − 𝑧 2 = 𝑐1 𝑦 2 − 4𝑧 = 𝑐2

6: 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 2 − 𝑧 2 = 𝑐2
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑦
7: = 𝑐1 = 𝑐2
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑦 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑧

8: 𝑦𝑧 = 𝑐1 𝑦 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 4 = 𝑐2

9: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑐1 𝑧𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑐2

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦
10 = 𝑐1 = 𝑐2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑧

Type-2

1. 𝑝 − 2𝑞 = 3𝑥 2 sin(𝑦 + 2𝑥)
𝑧
2. 𝑝 − 𝑞 = 𝑥+𝑦
3. −𝑥𝑦 2 𝑝 + 𝑦 3 𝑞 − 𝑎𝑥𝑧 = 0
4. (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 )𝑝 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑞 = 2𝑥𝑧
5. 𝑧(𝑝 + 𝑞) = 𝑧 2 + (𝑥 − 𝑦)2
6. 𝑧𝑝 − 𝑧𝑞 = 𝑥 + 𝑦
7. 𝑥𝑦𝑝 + 𝑦 2 𝑞 + 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 0

Key answer: 1: 𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 𝑐1 𝑥 3 sin(𝑦 + 2𝑥) − 𝑧 = 𝑐2

2:𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑐1 x − (x + y) log(z) = c2
𝑎𝑥
3: 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐1 log(𝑧) + 3𝑦2 = 𝑐2

1 𝑦
4: (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) 𝑧 = 𝑐1 𝑧 = 𝑐2

5: 𝑒 −2𝑥 (𝑧 2 + (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 ) = 𝑐1 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑐2

6:𝑥 3 sin(𝑦 + 2𝑥) − 𝑧 = 𝑐1 𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 𝑐_2

7: 𝑥 − (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑐2
Type-3

1. 𝑥 2 (𝑦 3 − 𝑧 3 )𝑝 + 𝑦 2 (𝑧 3 − 𝑥 3 )𝑞 = 𝑧 2 (𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 )
2. 𝑥(𝑦 − 𝑧)𝑝 + 𝑦(𝑧 − 𝑥)𝑞 = 𝑧(𝑥 − 𝑦)
3. 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 )𝑝 − 𝑦(3𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = 2𝑧(𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 )
4. (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑝 + (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑞 = 2𝑥𝑧
5. 𝑧(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑝 + 𝑧(𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑞 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
6. 𝑥(𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 )𝑝 + 𝑦(𝑧 2 − 𝑥 2 )𝑞 = 𝑧(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )
7. (𝑧 − 𝑦)𝑝 + (𝑥 − 𝑧)𝑞 = 𝑦 − 𝑥
8. (𝑧 2 − 2𝑦𝑧 − 𝑦 2 )𝑝 + (𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑞 = (𝑦 − 𝑧)
9. (𝑥 + 2𝑧)𝑝 + (4𝑧𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑞 = (2𝑥 2 + 𝑦)
10. (𝑚𝑧 − 𝑛𝑦)𝑝 + (𝑛𝑥 − 𝑙𝑧)𝑞 = 𝑙𝑦 − 𝑚𝑥
11. (𝑦 − 𝑧𝑥)𝑝 + (𝑥 + 𝑦𝑧)𝑞 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
12. 𝑥 2 (𝑦 − 𝑧)𝑝 + 𝑦 2 (𝑧 − 𝑥)𝑞 = 𝑧 2 (𝑥 − 𝑦)

Hint:
1 Multipliers are (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) (1/𝑥 2 , 1/𝑦 2 , 1/𝑧 2 )
2:Multipliers are (1,1,1) (1/𝑥, 1/𝑦, 1/𝑧)
1 1 1
3:Multipliers are ( , , − )
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
4:Multipliers are (1,1, −2𝑧) (2𝑥, −1, −1)
5:Multipliers are (𝑥, −𝑦, −𝑧) (𝑦, 𝑥, −𝑧)
1 1 1
6:Multipliers are (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) (𝑥 , 𝑦 , 𝑧)
7:Multipliers are (1,1,1) (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
8:Multipliers are (1, 𝑦, 𝑧)
9: Multipliers are (𝑦, 𝑥, −2𝑧) (2𝑥, −1, −1)
10: Multipliers are (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) (𝑙, 𝑚, 𝑛)
11: Multipliers are (𝑥, −𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑦, 𝑥, −1)
1 1 1 1 1 1
12: Multipliers are ( , , ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ( , , )
𝑥 2 𝑦2 𝑧2 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧

Type -4

1. 𝑝𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦) − 𝑞𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦) + (𝑥 − 𝑦)(2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧) = 0


2. 𝑥(𝑧 + 2𝑎)𝑝 + (𝑥𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧 + 2𝑎𝑦)𝑞 = 𝑧(𝑧 + 𝑎)
3. 2𝑥(𝑦 + 𝑧 2 )𝑝 + 𝑦(2𝑦 + 𝑧 2 )𝑞 = 𝑧 3
4. (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 )𝑝 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑞 = 2𝑥𝑧
5. (𝑥 3 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑝 + (𝑦 3 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑞 = 2𝑧(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )

Key answer:
1:𝜙[𝑥𝑦, (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)] = 0
2: 𝜙[(𝑥 + 𝑦)/𝑧 2 , 𝑥(𝑧 + 𝑎)/𝑧 2 ] = 0
𝑥 𝑧 2
3:𝜙 (𝑦𝑧 , 𝑦 − 𝑧) = 0
𝑦 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +𝑧 2
4:𝜙 ( 𝑧 , 𝑧
)= 0
−2 𝑥𝑦
5:𝜙 [(𝑥 − 𝑦) − (𝑥 + 𝑦)−2 , ] =0
𝑧2

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