klasis

marTva :
kvlevebze dayrdnobiT
SemuSavebuli meTodebi
maswavleblebisaTvis

robert j. marzano
iana s. marzano
debra j. fiqeringi
klasis marTva:
kvlevebze dayrdnobiT SemuSavebuli meTodebi maswavleblebisaTvis

robert j. marzano

iana s. marzano, debra j. fiqeringi

Classroom Management that works
Robert J. Marzano, Jana S. Marzano, Debra J. Pickering

mTargmnelebi: saxelmZRvanelo _ maia Canqseliani

videoprograma _ Teo nefariZe

redaqtori: naTia nacvliSvili

koreqtori: maia menabde

dizaini da dakabadoneba: giorgi bagrationi

yvela ufleba daculia

pirveli qarTuli gamocema, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri,

2009.

Targmanis xarisxze pasuxismgebelia maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis

centri.

Tbilisi, 0102, uznaZis q. 52.

tel: (+995) 91 14 53, 95 58 33.
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ISBN 978-9941-0-2120-6
 sarCevi
...

1 u ra mniSvneloba eniWeba klasis efeqtur marTvas? .....1

2 u wesebi da procedurebi ...............................................16

3 u disciplinis gaumjobesebaze
mimarTuli RonisZiebebi .............................................35

4 u maswavleblis urTierToba moswavleebTan .............53

5 u mentaluri mzaoba .........................................................82

6 u moswavlis pasuxismgebloba
klasis marTvasTan dakavSirebiT ..............................94

7 u klasis efeqturi marTva: pirveli dReebi ............112

8 u marTva saskolo doneze ............................................125

danarTi .........................................................................140

gamoyenebuli literatura .......................................151

avtorTa Sesaxeb ..........................................................159

1
...
r a m n iS vn e lo b a e n iW e b a
k l a s is e fe q tu r m arT vas ?

maswavlebeli klasSi mraval funq- buli Tanamedrove kvlevebis mixed-

cias asrulebs, maT Soris ki erT- viT, moswavlis akademiur moswre-
erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovania kla- baze yvelaze did zegavlenas mas-
sis marTva. SeuZlebelia, swavlisa wavlebeli axdens. ufro zustad, es
da swavlebis done efeqturi iyos aris is umniSvnelovanesi faqtori,
klasSi, romelsac maswavlebeli romlis gaumjobesebac SesaZlebe-
kargad ar marTavs. roca moswav- lia. magaliTisaTvis, mogiTxrobT
leebi uwesrigod da upativcemu- kvlevis Sesaxeb, romelic s. pol
lod iqcevian da roca maT qcevas raiTma, sandra hornma da uiliam
konkretuli wesebi ar awesrigebs, sandersma Caatares (1997). am kvle­
klasSi qaosia. qaosur situaciaSi vaSi monawileobda, daaxloebiT,
moswavleebic zaraldebian da mas- 60 000 moswavle. mkvlevarebi weren:
wavlebelic _ maswavlebels Zalian
didi Zalisxmevis gaReba uwevs, kvlevis Sedegebi adasturebs,
xolo moswavleebi SesaZlebelze rom, yvela sxva faqtoris gaT-
gacilebiT naklebs swavloben. im valiswinebiT, maswavlebels yve­­
SemTxvevaSi ki, Tu maswavlebels laze didi zegavlena aqvs mo­
klasis efeqturad marTva SeuZlia, swavlis akademiur moswrebaze.
swavla da swavleba gacilebiT war- amasTanave, kvlevis Sedegebi
matebulia. klasis marTvis unari aCvenebs, rom maswavleblebis
ar aris advilad SesaZeni. maswav- efeqturobis maCvenebeli didi
lebels didi Zalisxmeva sWirdeba, variaciulobiT gamoirCeva. Se-
klasis marTvaSi rom daxelovndes. sabamisad, SeiZleba davaskvnaT,
ganaTlebis sferoSi Catare- rom swored maswavleblis efeq­
1
2 klasis marTva

turobis gaumjobesebiT Se­ iyenebs mkvlevari qeTi heiqoqi (1998).

gviZlia yvelaze didi zegav- diagrama 1.1 kargad gamoxatavs am
lena movaxdinoT moswavleTa zegavlenis xarisxs. am diagramaze
akademiur moswrebaze. efeq­ warmodgenilia sxvadasxva pirobebSi
turi maswavlebeli warmatebiT swavlebisa da swavlis Sedegebi _
muSaobs moswavleebis akademi­ roca moswavle muSaobs Zalian efeq-
uri moswrebis gaumjobesebaze, tur maswavlebelTan da roca mos-
moswavleTa donisa da klasis wavle muSaobs ukiduresad araefeq-
heterogenulobis miuxedavad. tur maswavlebelTan. dakvirvebis
araefeqturi maswavleblis mo- periodad arCeulia erTi weli.
swavleTa akademiuri miRwevebi diagrama 1.1-is mixedviT, im
aradamakmayofilebelia, imisda moswavlis akademiuri moswreba,
miuxedavad, Tu ramdenad ho- romelic Zalian efeqturi mas-
mogenuria klasi moswavleTa wavleblis klasSi swavlobs, erTi
akademiuri moswrebis maCveneb- wlis manZilze 52 procentiliT1
lis mixedviT (gv. 63). [xazgasma izrdeba. is moswavle ki, romelic
gadmotanilia originalidan] Zalian susti maswavleblis klas-
Sia, erTi wlis manZilze akademi-
moswavleze maswavleblis Zli­eri ur moswrebas mxolod 14 procen-
zegavlenis sailustraciod, uil- tiliT aumjobesebs. es gansxvaveba
iam sandersisa da misi kolegebis kidev ufro izrdeba, Tu gaviTval-
mier Catarebuli kvlevebis Sedegebs iswinebT imas, rom moswavlis aka-
(magaliTad, sandersi & horni, 1994) demiuri moswrebis gaumjobesebaSi
garkveul rols TamaSobs moswavlis
zogadi ganviTareba. mkvlevarebi
diagrama 1.1 askvnian, rom moswavlis zogad, bi-
maswavleblis efeqturobis ologiur ganviTarebas akademiuri
zegavlena moswavlis akademiur moswrebis saSualod 6 procentil-
moswrebaze iT gaumjobeseba miewereba. zogad
ganviTarebaSi igulisxmeba moswav-
lis asakobrivi zrda, axali cod-
1 wlis ganmavlobaSi
procentilis zrda

nisa da informaciis SeZena yovel-

dRiuri cxovrebidan (ix. heTi, 1992;
qaheni da deivisi, 1987). Sesabam-
isad, araefeqtur maswavlebelTan
muSaoba moswavlis codnasa da un-
arebs TiTqmis ar aumjobesebs da
Tu moswavlis akademiuri moswreba
yvelaze yvelaze naklebad ukeTesia, es progresi, arsebiTad,
efeqturi efeqturi
maswavlebeli maswavlebeli
moswavlis zogad ganviTarebas
ukavSirdeba, mis cxovrebas infor-
moswavlis akademiuri moswrebis ga­
umjobesebis maCvenebeli, romelic 1 efeqtis sididis cnebasTan dakavSire-
SeiZleba maswavleblis efeqturo­ biT ix. `efeqturi swavleba skolaSi:
bas mivaweroT kvlevebze dayrdnobiT SemuSavebuli
moswavlis akademiuri moswrebis meTodebi, romlebic aumjobeseben mo-
gaumjobesebis maCvenebeli, rome­ swavleTa akademiur moswrebas~, r. j.
lic SeiZleba moswavlis zogad, bi- marzano, d. j. fiqeringi, j. i. folo-
ologiur ganviTarebas mivaweroT
qi (gv. 3) (mTargnmelis SeniSvna).
 ra mniSvneloba eniWeba klasis efeqtur marTvas? 3

maciiT mdidar sazogadoebaSi.

diagrama 1.2
sandersma da misma kolegebma
skolisa da maswavleblis zegavlena
Caatares kvleva tenesis StatSi. am
moswavlis akademiur moswrebaze
kvlevaSi dawyebiTi skolis moswav-
leebi monawileobdnen. sandersisa

ganawileba procentilis mixedviT

da misi kolegebis mier Catareb-
uli kvleva erTaderTi kvleva ar
aris, romelic adasturebs kavSirs
moswavlis akademiuri moswrebasa
da maswavleblis efeqturobas So-
ris. analogiur daskvnebs vxvdebiT
heiqoqis (1998) kvlevebSi, romlebic
bostonsa da dalasSi Sekrebil mo-
nacemebs eyrdnoba.
Cven mier Catarebuli analizic
saSu­ Zalian Zalian Zalian Zalian
msgavsi daskvnis gakeTebis saSuale- alo ara­ efeq­ efeq- ara­
bas iZleva, Tumca, sagulisxmoa, donis efeq­ turi turi efeq­­
rom Cven heiqoqis mier gamoyenebu- skola turi sko- skola/ turi
li meTodebiT ar gvixelmZRvanelia. /saSu­ skola/ la/ Zalian sko-
Cveni midgomebi gansxvavebulia. alo Zalian Za­lian efeq­ la/
donis ara­ ara­ turi Za­lian
gansxvaveba ki SemdegSi mdgomare- mas- efeq­ efeq­ mas­ efeq­­­
obs: tenesiSi, dalassa da bostonSi wavle- turi turi wavle­ turi
mkvlevarebi ikvlevdnen monacemebs, beli mas­ mas­ beli mas­­
romlebic moswavleTagan droTa wavle­ wavle­ wav­le­­
ganmavlobaSi grovdeboda. Cven ki beli beli beli
viyenebT kvlevis meTods, romelic
metaanalizis saxeliTaa cnobili. moswavlis akademiur moswre-
metaanalizis saSualebiT, movax- baze individualuri maswavleblis
erxeT yvela im kvlevis Sedegebis zegavlenis dasadgenad, kargad unda
Serwyma, romelic bolo 35 wlis gaviazroT diagrama 1.2 -ze warmod-
manZilze skolebis efeqturobis genili xuTi SesaZlo variantidan
Sesaswavlad Catarebula (ix. marza- TiToeuli cal-calke. Tu kvlevis
no, 2000a, 2003b). metaanalizi saSu- dasawyisSi moswavle, akademiuri
alebas gvaZlevs, ufro metad davr- moswrebis mixedviT, maTematikaSi
wmundeT Cveni aRmoCenis sisworeSi. aris 50-e procentilze, dadis sa-
am midgomis gamoyenebam SesaZle- Sualo donis skolaSi da hyavs sa-
bloba mogvca, skolis zegavlena Sualo donis maswavlebeli, ori
moswavlis akademiur moswrebaze wlis Semdeg, kvle­vis dasrulebi-
gangvecalkevebina individualuri sas, is kvlav 50-e procentilzea.
maswavleblis zegavlenisagan. dia- ar unda gamogvrCes mxedvelobidan
grama 1.2 warmoadgens Cveni mignebe- is faqti, rom moswavlem imdeni
bis ilustracias. mainc iswavla, rom ar CamorCenoda
Tu dainteresdebiT diagrama Tanatolebs da dakvirvebis bolos
1.2-ze mocemuli maCveneblebis de- klaselebis mimarT imave pozicia-
taluri gamoTvlebiT, ixileT `sas- Sia, rogorc dakvirvebis dasaw-
kolo reformis axali epoqa: wavi- yisSi. magram ra mosdis moswavles,
deT iqiT, saiTac kvlevebs mivya- romelic dadis erT-erT yvelaze
varT~ (marzano, 2000a). araefeqtur skolad aRiarebul sas-
4 klasis marTva

wavlebelSi da hyavs maswavlebeli, moswrebis mixedviT, 50-e procen-

romelic, aseve, Zalian araefeqtu- tilze iyo, dakvirvebis bolos is
ria? ori wlis dakvirveba aaSkara- 63-e procentilzea. ukanaskneli
vebs, rom moswavlis akademiuri mo- varianti TvalnaTliv warmoaCens
swreba mkveTrad uaresdeba; is 50-e efeqturi maswavleblis Zlier
procentilidan me-3 procentilze pozitiur zegavlenas moswavlis
ecema. ori wlis manZilze am mos- akademiur moswrebaze, maSinac ki,
wavlem maTematikaSi SeiZleba iswav- roca, zogadad, skola ar aris
la kidevac raime, magram mis mier efeqturi.
SeZenili axali codna da unarebi gasagebia, rom moswavle, ro­
imdenad cudadaa organizebuli, melic efeqtur maswavlebelTan
rom, saboloo jamSi, misi akademi- muSaobs, mniSvnelovan akademiur
uri moswreba uaresdeba. gadavideT warmatebas aRwevs. Tumca rTu-
mesame SesaZlo variantze da war- lia am procesis dinamikis wvdoma.
movidginoT, rom imave maxasiaTe- rogor axerxebs maswavlebeli aseT
blebis mqone moswavle xvdeba sko- nayofier muSaobas? efeqturi mas-
laSi, romelic aRiarebulia erT- wavlebeli bevr funqcias erT-
erT saukeTeso skolad. moswavles droulad asrulebs. es funqciebi
hyavs Zalian araefeqturi maswav- SeiZleba iseT sam ZiriTad sferod
lebeli. moswavlis akademiuri mo- gavaerTianoT, rogoricaa: 1) swav-
swreba ori wlis manZilze uares- lebis meTodebis sworad SerCeva
deba _ Tu dakvirvebis dasawyisSi da gamoyeneba, 2) saswavlo gegmis
moswavle 50-e procentilze iyo, morgeba moswavleTa saWiroebebze,
dakvirvebis bolos is 37-e procen- 3) klasis marTvis meTodebis efeq-
tilzea. meoTxe SesaZlo varianti, turi gamoyeneba.
wina orisagan gansxvavebiT, Zalian maswavleblis funqciaTa pir­
optimisturia. moswavle xvdeba veli sfero exeba swavlebis me-
erT-erT yvelaze efeqtur skolaSi Todebis gamoyenebas. efeqturi
da eZleva SesaZlebloba, imuSaos maswavlebeli swavlebis meTodebis
erT-erT yvelaze efeqtur mas- farTo speqtrs icnobs da iyen-
wavlebelTan. Sedegad, moswavle, ebs. mas SeuZlia TanamSromlobiTi
romelic dakvirvebis dasawyisSi swavlebisa da grafikuli sqemebis
50-e procentilze iyo, ori wlis gamoyeneba; icis, rogor SeiZle-
Semdeg 96-e procentilzea. yvelaze ba saSinao davalebis saSualebiT
sainteresoa mexuTe SesaZlo vari- maqsimaluri sargeblis miReba;
anti, romelic SesaniSnavad gviCve- SeuZlia SekiTxvebis dasma da winm-
nebs individualuri maswavleblis swrebi aqtivobebis gamoyeneba.
zegavlenas moswavlis akademiuri ufro metic, maswavlebelma kargad
moswrebis gaumjobesebaze. mexuTe icis, Tu rodis, ra tipis masalaze
variantSi moswavle swavlobs sko- da ra tipis moswavleebTan SeiZle-
laSi, romelic erT-erT yvelaze ba ama Tu im swavlebis meTodis
araefeqtur skoladaa aRiarebuli, efeqturi gamoyeneba. SesaZloa,
magram hyavs Zalian efeqturi mas- magaliTad, erT gakveTilze Tana-
wavlebeli. ori wlis ganmavlobaSi mSromlobiTi swavleba saukeTeso
moswavle 13 procentiliT aum- meTodad CaiTvalos, magram arc Tu
jobesebs akademiur moswrebas. ise sasurveli iyos misi gamoyeneba
sxva sityvebiT, Tu dakvirvebis sxva gakveTilze. maswavlebelTaT-
dasawyisSi moswavle, akademiuri vis gankuTvnil saxelmZRvaneloSi
 ra mniSvneloba eniWeba klasis efeqtur marTvas? 5

`efeqturi swavleba skolaSi: kv- TavSi axsnilia klasis efeqturi

levebze dayrdnobiT SemuSavebuli marTvis komponentebi.
meTodebi, romlebic aumjobeseben sanam, uSualod, klasis marT-
moswavleTa akademiur moswrebas~ vis sferos detalur Seswavlaze
(marzano, fiqeringi da foloqi, gadavalT, mniSvnelovania, aRvniS-
2001) kargadaa ganxiluli swavleb- noT, rom am sami sferodan calke
is sxvadasxva meTodi. amasTanave, aRebul erT sferoSi maswavleblis
wignSi moyvanilia kvlevebis Sede- funqciaTa Sesruleba efeqturi
gebi, romlebic warmodgenili me- swavlebis aucilebeli, Tumca aras-
Todebis efeqturobas moswavleTa akmarisi, faqtoria. sxva sityvebiT,
akademiuri moswrebis gaumjobese- TiToeul am sferos swavlebis pro-
bis mixedviT adastureben. cesSi sakuTari datvirTva eniWeba
maswavleblis funqciaTa me- da erTis gamoklebac ki ar SeiZle-
ore sfero exeba saswavlo gegmis ba. amasTanave, sagulisxmoa, rom
morgebas moswavleTa saWiroebebze. swavlebis meTodebis sworad Ser-
sxva sityvebiT, efeqtur maswavleb- Ceva da gamoyeneba, iseve, rogorc
els sagnis Sinaarsobrivi mxaris, saswavlo gegmis morgeba moswav-
masalis Tanmimdevrobisa da tem- leTa saWiroebebze, klasis marT-
pis sworad gansazRvra SeuZlia. ra vis meTodebis efeqturi danergvis
Tqma unda, maswavlebeli emyareba unars efuZneba. rogorc longi
saxelmwifo regulaciebs saswavlo da frai (1985) aRniSnaven TavianT
gegmis mimarT. Tumca, is movalea, wignSi `paraskevamde miRweva: kla-
gaiTvaliswinos moswavleTa koleq- sis warmatebiT marTvis saxelmZR-
tiuri da individualuri saswavlo vanelo~, arasworia imis mtkiceba,
saWiroebebi da ise warmoudginos TiTqos:
masala moswavleebs. aseve, maswav-
lebels unda SeeZlos, mTliani ...efeqturi maswavlebeli ax-
masalidan im Temebze aqcentireba, erxebs, Tavidan aicilos dis-
romlebic gansakuTrebiT sayura- ciplinasTan dakavSirebuli
dRebo SeiZleba aRmoCndes mo- yve­la problema imiT, rom mo-
swavleebisaTvis. maswavlebeli swavleebs interesis modunebis
daxelovnebuli unda iyos sxva- saSualebas ar aZlevs; is yov-
dasxva aqtivobis momzadebasa da elTvis moswavleTaTvis sain-
ganxorcielebaSi. aqtivobebi axali tereso masalasa da aqtivobebs
masalis mravalferovnad warmod- iyenebs. klasSi disciplinas-
genis saSualebas unda iZleodes, Tan dakavSirebuli problemebi
magaliTad, Txrobis, ganmartebis, mxolod akademiur sakiTxebs,
prezentaciis gamoyenebiT. mas- maT Soris, moswavleTa sagniT
wavlebeli, saWiroebisamebr, unda dainteresebas ar ukavSirdeba.
iyenebdes zepir, werilobiT, video moswavleebs SeiZleba saxlSi
da internet prezentaciebs, simu- hqondeT problemebi, romlebic
laciebs, praqtikul mecadineobas Semdeg skolaSi gadmoaqvT; maT
da a.S. SeiZleba TanatolebTan hqon-
maswavleblis funqciaTa me- deT problemuri urTierTo-
same sfero exeba klasis marTvis bebi, romlebic Tavs iCens ara
meTodebis efeqtur danergvas. mxolod Sesvenebebze, aramed
winamdebare wignis Tema swored gakveTilzec; aseve, moswavlee-
klasis marTvaa. wignis sxvadasxva bis disciplinis ganmsazRvreli
6 klasis marTva

SeiZleba maTi ganwyobis cvli- giZliaT gaecnoT Semdeg avtorebs:

lebebic iyos (gv. 3 _ 4). emeri (1984), brofi (1996) da doili
(1986, 1990).
analogiur daskvnebs akeTeben ed- klasis marTvis meTodebis
mund emeri, juli senfordi, bar- pirveli cnobili, farTomasSta-
bara qlemensi da Jan martini (1982). biani kvleva Catarda jakob qoun-
es avtorebi, sxvadasxva kvlevis inis mier (1970). qouninma Seiswavla
sinTezis Sedegad, askvnian: 49 gakveTilis videoCanaweri. es
iyo pirvel da meore klaselebTan
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis Catarebuli gakveTilebis masala.
yvela klasSi klasis marTva mkvlevarma moaxdina moswavleTa
efeqturi swavlebis ganuyofel da maswavlebelTa qcevis kodireba.
komponentad iTvleba. Tu mas- qouninis am kvlevis Sedegebi siR-
wavlebels ar aqvs unari, ga­ rmiseulad aris ganxiluli winamde-
aRvivos TanamSromlobiTi da­ bare wignis me-5 TavSi. aq ki aRvniS-
mo­kidebuleba moswavleebSi da navT, rom qouninma gamoyo klasis
CarTos isini sxvadasxva aqti­ marTvis ganmsazRvreli ramdenime
vobaSi, naklebad savaraudoa, faqtori, rogorebicaa: 1) `gone-
rom swavlis Sedegebi efeqturi brivi sifxizle~, 2) Tanmimdevru-
aRmoCndes... amasTanave, kla- loba da energiuloba gakveTilis
sis cudi marTva iwvevs drois axsnisas, 3) moswavleTaTvis kargad
fuW xarjvas, amcirebs dros, axsna imisa, Tu rogor unda moiqc-
romelsac moswavleebi uSua- nen isini sxvadasxva dros da 4)
lod davalebis Sesrulebaze moswavleTaTvis klasSi adgilebis
xarjaven. zogadad, klasis xSiri cvla. `gonebrivi sifxizle~
aras­wori marTvis pirobebSi gulisxmobs imas, rom maswavle-
sas­wavlo garemo ar aris iseTi beli gawafulia moswavlis xelis-
xarisxiani, rogorc unda iyos SemSleli an potenciurad xelis-
(gv. 13). SemSleli qcevis amocnobaSi. ze-
moT warmodgenili oTxi faqtori-
dan `gonebrivi sifxizle~ yvelaze
klasis marTvis Sesaxeb TvalsaCinod ganasxvavebs klasis
Catarebuli kvlevebi: efeqtur mmarTvels naklebad efeq-
turi an sruliad araefeqturi
mokle winaistoria mmarTvelisagan.
klasis marTvis Sesaxeb Catare-
gadaWarbebuli ar iqneba imis gancx- bul kvlevebSi mniSvnelovani iyo
adeba, rom klasis marTva yovelT- 1976 weli, roca brofisa da ev-
vis iTvleboda maswavlebelTaTvis erTsonis kvlevis Sedegebi gamo-
erT-erT yvelaze saWirboroto qveynda. es iyo im periodisaTvis
sakiTxad. miuxedavad amisa, kla- am sakiTxze Catarebuli yvelaze
sis efeqturi marTvis sistematuri mniSvnelovani kvleva. wignis saxel-
samecniero kvleva SedarebiT axali wodeba gaxldaT `ras gvaswavlis
fenomenia. qvemoT mokled mimov- swavlebis procesi: ganviTarebaze
ixilavT klasis marTvasTan dakav- orientirebuli midgoma~. kvlevi-
Sirebul kvlevebs. am sakiTxTan saTvis SeirCa dawyebiTi skolis
dakavSirebiT,Tu dainteresdebiT 30 maswavlebeli, romelTa moswav-
ufro detaluri informaciiT, Se- leebic Cveulebrivze maRali aka-
 ra mniSvneloba eniWeba klasis efeqtur marTvas? 7

demiuri moswrebiT gamoirCeodnen. vaSi monawileobda dawyebiTi

meore jgufs warmoadgenda 38 mas- klasebis 27 maswavlebeli, meore
wavlebeli, romelTa moswavleebsac kvlevaSi ki _ saSualo ganaTlebis
SedarebiT Cveulebrivi akademiuri umaRlesi safexuris 51 maswavle-
moswreba hqondaT. Sesabamisad, beli. dawyebiTi klasebis maswav-
brofisa da everTsonis kvleva Sei- lebelTa kvlevis Sedegebi Sejamda
Zleba gansakuTrebulad warmatebu- emeris, everTsonisa da andersonis
li da Cveulebrivi maswavleblebis angariSSi (1980) da, aseve, anderso-
Sedarebad CaiTvalos. miuxedavad nis, everTsonisa da emeris (1980)
imisa, rom am kvlevaSi yuradReba naSromSi. saSualo ganaTlebis um-
swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli qceve- aRlesi safexuris maswavlebelTa
bis farTo diapazonze iyo gamax- kvlevis Sedegebis analizi ki moce-
vilebuli, klasis marTva aRmoCnda mulia everTsonisa da emeris (1982),
efeqturi swavlebis erT-erTi ganm- aseve senfordisa da everTsonis
sazRvreli faqtori. brofisa da (1981) angariSebSi. orive kvle­
everTsonis kvlevis Sedegebis didi va aRweriTi da korelaciuri iyo.
nawili adasturebs qouninis aRmo- kvle­vebis saSualebiT, SesaZlebeli
Cenebs. brofi da eversoni (1976) gaxda maswavlebelTa im qmedebebis
TavianT kvlevaze weren: identifikacia, romlebic moswav-
lis gakveTilze orientirebul an
am wignSi bevri ramaa naTqvami disciplinis darRvevaze mimarTul
klasis marTvasTan dakavSire- qcevasTan asocirdeba. sxva sityve-
bul aRmoCenebze. yvelaze mniS- biT rom vTqvaT, am kvlevebis dax-
vnelovania Semdegi daskvna: marebiT dadginda, Tu ra zogadi
maswavleblis efeqturobis Te­ maxasiaTeblebiT gamoirCeva im mas-
maze Catarebuli yvela kvleva wavleblebis qceva, romelTa mos-
askvnis, rom klasis marTvis wavleebi, rogorc wesi, sagakveTi-
unari maswavleblis warmatebis lo procesSi arian CarTulni; aseve,
ganmapirobebeli ZiriTadi faq- im maswavleblebis qceva, romelTa
toria. maswavleblis warmate- moswavleebic gakveTilze wesrigis
bis sazomad ki SeiZleba gamoi- darRvevisaken arian midrekilni.
yenebodes moswavleTa akademi- zemoT xsenebulma kvlevebma daa-
uri moswreba. ase rom, klasis dastura qouninis aRmoCenebi. aseve,
marTvis unari maswavleblisaT- am kvlevebiT gakeTda saintereso
vis gadamwyveti mniSvnelobis daskvna _ klasis marTvaze yura-
matarebelia. is, visac marTvis dReba saswavlo wlis dasawyisSive
unari kargad ar aqvs ganviTare- unda iqnas gamaxvilebuli, radgan
buli, ver iqneba warmatebuli es iqneba garantia imisa, rom klasis
maswavlebeli (gv. 27). marTva wlis manZilze sirTules
aRar warmoadgendes.
klasis marTvis sakiTxebze Zalian mesame kvleva dawyebiTi klase-
mniSvnelovani kvlevebi Catarda bis maswavleblebs Seiswavlida,
texasis StatSi. oTxi kvlevisagan xolo meoTxe kvleva saSualo
Semdgar serias xelmZRvanelobda ganaTlebis umaRlesi safexuris
maswavlebelTa ganaTlebis kvle­ maswavleblebis praqtikis Seswav-
vebisa da ganviTarebis centri, lis mizniT Catarda. kvlevebis mi-
romelic texasis Statis qalaq zani iyo imis dadgena, Tu ra Sede-
osTinSi mdebareobs. pirvel kvle­ gebi moitana maswavlebelTa tren-
8 klasis marTva

ingma klasis marTvis meTodebSi. am sxvadasxva tipis moswavleebTan gan-

kvlevebis Sedegebi warmodgenilia sxvavebul situaciebSi. moswavle
Semdeg naSromebSi: emeri, senfor- zogjer mtrulad da agresiuladaa
di, qlemenTsi da marTini (1982); ganwyobili, zogjer _ pasiurad da
emeri, senfordi, everTsoni, qle- agresiulad; aris hiperaqtiuri mo-
menTsi da marTini (1981); everTso- swavleebis magaliTebic. kvlevam
ni, emeri, senfordi da qlemenTsi naTelhyo, rom klasis efeqturi
(1983). rogorc emeri aRwers (1984): menejeri saqmianobis strategias
moswavleTa tips argebs, anu iyen-
bolo or kvlevaSi aRwerili ebs moswavleTa qcevasa da maxasi-
RonisZiebebi Catarda saswavlo aTeblebze gaTvlil meTodebs. is
wlis dasawyisSi da gamoiwvia maswavleblebi ki, romlebic nak-
maswavlebelTa unarebis gaum- lebad efeqturi menejerebi arian,
jobeseba klasis marTvis bevr, yvela tipis moswavlesTan, nebis-
Tumca ara yvela aspeqtSi. aseve, mier situaciaSi erTnair strat-
kvlevebma aCvena, rom sakvlev egiebs iyeneben. naSromis erT-erTi
jgufSi, sakontrolo jgufTan rekomendacia isaa, rom maswavle-
SedarebiT, moswavleTa qcevac blebma unda SeimuSaon `damxmare
gaumjobesda... (gv. 17) unarebi”, romelTa gamoyenebac
SesaZlebeli iqneba sxvadasxva ti-
am kvlevebma safuZveli Cauyara pis moswavleebTan urTierTobis
muSaobas klasis marTvis kvleve- dros (brofis kvleva ufro Rrmad-
bisa da praqtikis kuTxiT, rac 80- aa ganxiluli winamdebare wignis
iani wlebis bolos da 90-ian wlebSi me-4 TavSi).
gaaqtiurda. Sedegad, gamoica ori zemoT CamoTvlili kvlevebi
wigni klasis marTvis Temaze. erTi sakmaod didi mniSvnelobis matare-
wigni exeba dawyebiTi safexu­ris beli iyo, Tumca yvelaze didi gamox-
klasis marTvas (everTsoni, emeri da maureba mohyva margaret uongis,
uorSami, 2003), xolo meore wigni _ Jeniva harTelisa da herbert uol-
saSualo safexuris klasis marTvas bergis (1993) kvlevas. am naSromSi
(emeri, everTsoni da uorSami, 2003). manamde Catarebuli sami kvlevis
es wignebi ukve eqvsjer gamoica da Sedegebia kombinirebuli. pirveli
dRemde klasis marTvis yvelaze maTgani warmoadgenda yovelwliuri
saintereso saxel­mZRvaneloebad kvlevebis mimoxilvidan 86 Tavis,
iTvlebian. saxelmZRvanelos 44 Tavis, mTavro-
klasis marTvis sferoSi Cata­ bis 20 angariSisa da 11 samecniero
rebuli Semdgomi kvlevebidan sa­ publikaciis Sinaarsis analizs. am
yuradReboa jere brofis `klasis analizis Sedegad, gamovlinda 228
strategiis kvleva~ (ix. brofi, cvladi, romelTac zegavlenis
1996; brofi da maqqaslini, 1992). am moxdena SeuZliaT moswavlis aka-
kvle­vis farglebSi, siRrmiseuli demiur moswrebaze. meore kvleva
intervius meTodiT, 98 maswavle- moicavda 134 ganaTlebis eqsper-
beli gamoikiTxa, Catarda dakvirve- tis gamokiTxvis Sedegebs. xsen-
bebic. moxda im maswavleblebis ebul eqspertebs misces davaleba,
identifikacia, romlebmac klasis SeefasebinaT, Tu ramdenad Zlieri
marTvis unari an gamoamJRavnes an zegavlena SeiZleba hqondes mos-
vera. kvlevaSi asaxulia maswavle- wavlis akademiur moswrebaze am 228
blebis damokidebulebis detalebi cvladidan TiToeuls. mesame kvle­
 ra mniSvneloba eniWeba klasis efeqtur marTvas? 9

va ki warmoadgens 91 kvleviTi naS- gadaa axsnili wignSi `samecniero

romis mignebebis sinTezs. am mocu- kvlevis roli situaciis Sefaseba-
lobiTi kvlevis saboloo Sedegi Si: metaanalizi”. xsenebuli wignis
gaxldaT is, rom klasis marTva avtoria morTon hanTi (1997).
aRiarebul iqna, rogorc yvelaze swored am meTodis daxmarebiT,
mniSvnelovani faqtori, romelic SesaZlebeli gaxda ganzogadebuli
gansakuTrebul gavlenas axdens mo- daskvnebis gakeTeba ganaTlebis,
swavlis akademiur moswrebaze. fsiqologiisa da medicinis sfer-
amrigad, bolo 30 wlis ganmav- oebSi im sakiTxebze, romlebzec gan-
lobaSi Catarebuli kvlevebi adas- zogadebul daskvnebamde misvla ma-
turebs, rom klasis marTva aris namde ver xerxdeboda. Cndeba logi-
efeqturi swavlebis erT-erTi um- kuri SekiTxva: ratom iZens amxela
niSvnelovanesi komponenti. araer- Zalas monacemi, romelic ramdenime
Ti kvleva da wignia gamoqveyneb- kvlevis Sedegis Serwymis Sedegad
uli, romlebic klasis efeqturi aris miRebuli? pasuxi Semdegia:
marTvis sxvadasxva aspeqts exeba. nebismieri calke aRebuli kvleva,
Sesabamisad, ibadeba SekiTxva: ras rac unda maRalprofesiulad iyos
gTavazobT es wigni iseTs, rac jer dagegmili da Catarebuli, Seicavs
ar yofila ganxiluli? bunebrivia, cdomilebas, rac gavlenas axdens
rom es wigni kidev erTxel imeorebs saboloo Sedegze . magaliTisaT-
da amyarebs im mignebebs, romlebic vis, ganvixiloT kargad dagegmili
aqamde gakeTebula. ZiriTadi maxa- kvleva, romelic Seiswavlis klasis
siaTebeli, romelic am wigns win- marTvis erTi konkretuli meTodis
are gamocemebisagan ganasxvavebs, gavlenas moswavleTa qcevaze. war-
gaxlavT kvlevis axali meTodolo- movidginoT, rom kvlevis miznebi-
gia. kerZod, metaanalizi, romelic, saTvis, moswavleebi iyofian or _
klasis marTvis sferos kvlevisas, sakvlev da sakontrolo _ jgufad.
jer ar yofila gamoyenebuli. sakvlev, anu eqsperimentul jgufze
xdeba klasis marTvis konkretuli
meTodis efeqturobis gamocda.
metaanalizi da klasis xolo sakontrolo jgufis marTvi-
marTva sas ar xdeba am meTodis gamoyeneba.
maSasadame, orive jgufi msgavsia
metaanalizi aris kvleviTi midgo- yvela maxasiaTeblis mixedviT. er-
ma, romelic ukavSirdeba mkvlevar TaderTi gansxvaveba maT Soris isaa,
Jan glasisa da misi kolegebis saxe- rom sakvlev jgufSi maswavlebeli
lebs (ix. glasi, 1976; glasi, maqgou klasis marTvis im meTods iyenebs,
da smiTi, 1981). maT 70-iani wleb- romelsac am kvleviT vafasebT,
is dasawyisSi daiwyes am meTodis xolo meore jgufSi _ ara. yvela
gamoyeneba. martivi eniT rom avx- parametris mkacri kontrolis pi-
snaT, metaanalizi aris ramdenime robebSic ki, SesaZlebelia, rom
kvlevis raodenobrivi Sedegebis kvle­vis daskvnebSi cdomileba gaip-
Serwymis meTodi. is aqtiurad gam- aros. magaliTad, SesaZloa, kvlevis
oiyeneba ganaTlebis, fsiqologiisa periodSi moswavleze garkveulma
da medicinis sferoebSi. am sami garemoebam, an sxva adamianTa qce-
dargis ganviTarebaSi metaanalizs vam moaxdinos gavlena, rac aisaxeba
didi wvlili miuZRvis, rac kar- misi qcevis cvlilebaze da abso-
luturad ar ukavSirdeba maswavle-
10 klasis marTva

blis mier gamoyenebul klasis mar- Sesaxeb, daskvnebi ufro gabedulad

Tvis meTods. Sesabamisad, daskvna gavakeToT. es sakiTxi detalu-
imisa, rom moswavlis qceva Seicv- radaa ganxiluli me-2 TavSi.
ala maswavleblis mier gamoyenebu- am wignis weris procesSi Cava-
li konkretuli meTodis gamo, aseT tareT 100-ze meti sxvadasxva kvle-
SemTxvevaSi mcdari iqneba. vis metaanalizi. winamdebare wignSi
faqtobrivad, SeuZlebelia kvle­ am metaanalizis Sedegebi arateqni-
vis Catarebis dros yvela Sesa- kur, mkiTxvelisaTvis gasageb ena­
Zlo cdomilebis gakontroleba. zea ganxiluli. warmodgenili re-
amitomac, gavrcelebuli praqtikis komendaciebic swored metaana-
mixedviT, mkvlevari, roca kvle- lizis Sedegebs emyareba. am wignis
vis daskvnebs ayalibebs, yovelTvis danarTi dainteresebul mkiTxvels
albaTobis garkveul maCvenebels metaanalizis meTodis ufro deta-
uTiTebs. roca mkvlevari acxadebs, lur ganxilvas sTavazobs. aseve,
rom mis mier gakeTebuli daskvnebis metaanalizis procesis teqnikuri
mniSvnelovnobis donea 0.05, is gu- aRwerilobisaTvis, SegiZliaT, gae­
lisxmobs Semdegs: arsebobs Zalian cnoT naSroms `klasis marTvaze
mcire (100-dan 5-ze naklebi) alba- arsebuli kvlevebis raodenobrivi
Toba imisa, rom kvlevis Sedegebi sinTezi~ (marzano, 2003).
cdomilebas mieweros. roca mkvle- rogorc diagrama 1.3-zea war-
vari miuTiTebs, rom misi aRmoCenis modgenili, Cveni metaanalizi kla-
mniSvnelovnobis done aris 0.01, ar- sis efeqturi marTvis oTx zogad
sebobs kidev ufro mcire (100-dan komponents exeba. es komponentebia:
1-ze naklebi) Sansi, rom kvlevis 1) wesebi da procedurebi, 2) disci-
Sedegebi cdomilebas mieweros. Se- plinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli
sabamisad, ramdenime kvlevis Sede- RonisZiebebi, 3) maswavleblis uTi-
gebis SerwymiT, saSualeba gveZle- erToba moswavleebTan, 4) menta-
va, ama Tu im meTodis efeqturobis luri mzaoba. wignis sxvadasxva Tav-

diagrama 1.3
marTvis oTxi faqtoris metaanalizis Sedegebi
efeqtis saSualo cdis pirTa1 kvlevebis procentilis
faqtori sidide  raodenoba  raodenoba  kleba
wesebi da procedurebi - 0.763  626  10  28 
disciplinis - 0.909  3,322  68  32 
gaumjobesebaze
mimarTuli RonisZiebebi
maswavleblis - 0.869  1,110  4  31 
uTierToba
moswavleebTan
mentaluri mzaoba - 1.294  502  5  40 
SeniSvna: yvela efeqtis sididis mniSvnelovnobis donea 0.05. 
i1
1 cdis piri aris pirovneba, romelic eqsperimentSi monawileobs (mTargmnelis SeniSvna).
 ra mniSvneloba eniWeba klasis efeqtur marTvas? 11

Si es sakiTxebi ramdenime TemasTan 0.909 standartuli gadaxriT nak­

erTad siRrmiseuladaa ganxiluli. lebi iyo, vidre disciplinis dar-
axla ki mokled gavecnoT diagrama Rvevis SemTxvevebi im klasebSi, sa-
1.3-ze mocemuli maCveneblebis Si- dac disciplinuri zomebi ar iyo
naarss. efeqturad gamoyenebuli.2
meoTxe svetSi moyvanilia im efeqtis sididis gamoyenebis
kvlevaTa raodenoba, romlebic erT-erTi dadebiTi mxare isaa, rom
metaanalizis dros iqna gamoyeneb- SeiZleba efeqtis sididis gadayvana
uli, oTxi komponentidan TiToeu- moswavleTa mier disciplinis dar-
lis mimarT. mesame svetSi ki da- Rvevis SemTxvevebis procentilis
konkretebulia kvlevaSi monawile zrdis an klebis maCvenebelSi. CavT-
moswavleTa raodenoba. meore valoT, rom moswavleTa mier disci-
svetSi warmodgenilia klasis mar- plinis darRvevaa moswavlis nebis-
Tvis oTxi komponentidan TiToeu- mieri qmedeba, romelic ar aris ne-
lis saSualo efeqtis sidide. badarTuli. disciplinis darRveva
efeqtis sidide aris metaana- SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva xarisxis,
lizisas gamoyenebuli sazomi. me­ SedarebiT msubuqi an mZime, magali-
taanalizis dros mkvlevari sxva- Tad, disciplinis darRvevad Sei-
dasxva kvlevis Sedegis gazomvis Zleba CaiTvalos gakveTilze mos-
erTeulad efeqtis sidides iyen- wavlis saubari TanatolTan, iseve
ebs. am wignis konteqstSi, efeqtis rogorc moswavlis mier maswavle-
sidide miuTiTebs im gansxvavebaze, blis Seuracxyofa. metaanalizis
romelic fiqsirdeba sakvlev da sa- dros, erTmaneTisagan ar vasxvavebT
kontrolo jgufebs Soris. efeqtis disciplinis darRvevis xarisxs;
sidide, standartuli gadaxris er- Cven gvainteresebs mxolod disci-
TeulebiT, sakvlev jgufSi moswav- plinis darRvevaTa raodenoba. ras
leTa qcevis gaumjobesebas an gaua- niSnavs disciplinis gaumjobeseba-
resebas gamoxatavs. ufro martivad, ze mimarTuli RonisZiebebis efeq-
efeqtis sidide aCvenebs imas, Tu tis sidide _ 0.909? am SemTxvevaSi,
ramdenad gansxvavdeba moswavleTa efeqtis sidide _ 0.909 utoldeba
qceva im klasSi, sadac klasis marT- klasSi disciplinis darRvevis
vis esa Tu is meTodi iqna gamoyeneb- SemTxvevebis 32 procentiliT kle-
uli moswavleTa qcevisagan im klas- bas (efeqtis sididis procentilis
Si, sadac es meTodi gamoyenebuli, klebasTan Sesabamisobis Sesaxeb
ar yofila. magaliTisaTvis, ganvix- ukeTesi warmodgenis Sesaqmnelad,
iloT disciplinis gaumjobesebaze ixileT danarTi).
mimarTuli RonisZiebebis saSualo imisaTvis, rom ukeT gaviaz-
efeqtis sidide, romelic diagrama roT disciplinuri darRvevebis
1.3-zea mocemuli da -0.909-s war- ganawileba, ganvixiloT diagrama
moadgens. es saSualo maCvenebeli 1.4. CavTvaloT, rom klasebSi, sa-
gamoTvlilia 68 kvlevis Sedegebis dac ar tardeba disciplinis gaum-
gaTvaliswinebiT, romelSic cdis
2 efeqtis sididis cnebasTan dakavSire-
pirTa raodenoba 3322 moswavles
biT, ix. `efeqturi swavleba skolaSi:
Seadgenda. am SemTxvevaSi, efeq-
kvlevebze dayrdnobiT SemuSavebuli
tis sidide -0.909 niSnavs Semdegs: meTodebi, romlebic aumjobeseben mo-
im klasebSi, sadac disciplinuri swavleTa akademiur moswrebas~, r. j.
zomebi efeqturad gamoiyeneboda, marzano, d. j. fiqeringi, j. i. folo-
disciplinis darRvevis SemTxvevebi qi (gv. 5-7) (mTargmnelis SeniSvna).
12 klasis marTva

jobesebaze mimarTuli RonisZie- darRveva saerTod ar dafiqsird-

bebi, saSualod, dReSi disciplinis eba. anu, im klasebSi, sadac ar
10 darRvevasTan gvaqvs saqme. stan- tardeba disciplinis gaumjobese-
dartuli gadaxra ki aris 5.0. es baze mimarTuli RonisZiebebi, aris
naTladaa warmodgenili diagrama dReebi, roca disciplinis darRve-
1.4-is marjvena ganawilebaSi. nor- vaTa raodenoba Zalian dabalia, an
maluri ganawilebis maxasiaTebleb- Zalian maRali, Tumca, saSualod,
is gaTvaliswinebiT, am klasebSi dReSi disciplinis 10 darRveva
iqneba dReebi, roca disciplinis fiqsirdeba. axla ki diagrama 1.4-
darRvevis SemTxvevebi 10-ze gac- ze marcxena ganawilebas davakvir-
ilebiT metia. ufro metic, Segvi- deT. es ganawileba im klasebs ex-
Zlia davaskvnaT, rom zog dRes eba, romlebSic disciplinis gaum-
disciplinis darRvevis SemTxvevaTa jobesebaze mimarTuli RonisZiebe-
raodenoba iqneba saSualo ariTme- bi efeqturad tardeba. aq saSualo
tikulze ori (an meti) standartuli ariTmetikulia 5.46, standartuli
gadaxriT meti. es imas niSnavs, rom gadaxra ki kvlav _ 5.0. Sesabamisad,
zog dRes im klasebSi, sadac ar tar- aris dReebi, roca klasebSi, sadac
deba disciplinis gaumjobesebaze disciplinis gaumjobesebaze mi-
mimarTuli RonisZiebebi, dReSi Sei- marTuli RonisZiebebi efeqturad
Zleba dafiqsirdes disciplinis 20 tardeba, fiqsirdeba disciplinis
darRveva. normaluri ganawilebis 15.46 darRvevis SemTxveva da aris
maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswinebiT, iseTi dReebic, roca disciplinis
ra Tqma unda, SesaZlebelia isic, darRveva saerTod ar xdeba.
rom amave klasebSi zog dRes saxeze ase rom, diagrama 1.4-dan zog-
iyos saSualo ariTmetikulze ori adi daskvna SeiZleba iyos Semdegi:
standartuli gadaxriT naklebi klasebSi, sadac ar tardeba disci-
disciplinis darRvevis SemTxveva, plinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTu-
anu iyos dReebi, roca disciplinis li RonisZiebebi, iseve rogorc im

diagrama 1.4
disciplinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli
RonisZiebebis efeqtis sidide
disciplinis darRvevis
SemTxvevaTa ganawileba disciplinis darRvevis
im klasebSi, sadac SemTxvevaTa ganawileba
efeqturad tardeba im klasebSi, sadac ar
disciplinis tardeba disciplinis
gaumjobesebaze gaumjobesebaze
mimarTuli mimarTuli
RonisZiebebi RonisZiebebi

saSualo ariTmetikuli = 5.46 saSualo ariTmetikuli = 10.00

standartuli gadaxra = 5.0 standartuli gadaxra = 5.0
 ra mniSvneloba eniWeba klasis efeqtur marTvas? 13

klasebSi, sadac aseTi RonisZiebebi bis gamoyeneba mniSvnelovnad am-

efeqturad muSaobs, iqneba kargi cirebs klasSi disciplinis dar-
da cudi dReebi, anu dReebi, roca Rvevis SemTxvevaTa ricxvs. metaana-
bevri disciplinuri darRveva fiq- lizis Sedegebic adasturebs, rom
sirdeba da dReebi, roca discipli- klasis marTvis efeqturi meTode-
nuri darRvevebi TiTqmis ar xdeba. bis gamoyeneba zrdis moswavleTa
Tumca, sagulisxmoa, rom im klaseb- CarTulobasa da maT akademiur mo-
Si, sadac efeqturad tardeba dis- swrebas (ix. diagrama 1.5).
ciplinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTu- diagrama 1.5-is mixedviT, im
li RonisZiebebi, disciplinis dar- klasebSi, sadac klasis marTvis
Rvevis SemTxvevaTa saSualo maCven- meTodebi efeqturad gamoiyeneba,
ebeli gacilebiT dabalia, vidre im moswavleTa CarTuloba aris 0.617
klasebSi, sadac ar tardeba disci- standartuli gadaxriT maRali,
plinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli vidre moswavleTa CarTuloba im
RonisZiebebi. es gansxvaveba serio- klasebSi, sadac klasis marTvis me-
zul zemoqmedebas axdens saklaso Todebi efeqturad ar gamoiyeneba.
garemoze wlis ganmavlobaSi. Tu am es niSnavs imas, rom moswavleTa
saSualo maCveneblebs mTel welze CarTuloba, klasis marTvis efeq-
gadaviangariSebT, vnaxavT, rom turi meTodebis gamoyenebis SemTx-
klasebSi, sadac efeqturad tar- vevaSi, 23 procentiliT SeiZleba
deba disciplinis gaumjobesebaze gaizardos. diagrama 1.5 aseve mig-
mimarTuli RonisZiebebi, yovelw- vaniSnebs imaze, rom klasebSi, sa-
liurad, disciplinis darRvevis, dac klasis marTvis meTodebi efeq-
saSualod, 980 SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs turad gamoiyeneba, moswavleTa aka-
saqme, xolo im klasebSi, sadac ar demiuri moswreba aris 0.521 stan-
tardeba disciplinis gaumjobese- dartuli gadaxriT maRali, vidre
baze mimarTuli RonisZiebebi, dis- moswavleTa akademiuri moswreba
ciplinis darRvevis SemTxvevaTa im klasebSi, sadac klasis marTvis
saSualo maCvenebeli 1800-s utol- meTodebi efeqturad ar gamoiyen-
deba. eba. anu moswavleTa akademiuri mo-
diagrama 1.3-ze warmodgenil swreba, klasis marTvis efeqturi
efeqtis sidideebs Tu gaviTval- meTodebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi,
iswinebT, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom 20 procentiliT SeiZleba gaizard-
klasis efeqturi marTvis meTode- os. sxva sityvebiT, metaanalizis

diagrama 1.5
klasis marTvis gavlena moswavleTa CarTulobasa da akademiur
moswrebaze
efeqtis cdis pirTa kvlevebis procentilis
Sedegi saSualo sidide  raodenoba  raodenoba  zrda
moswavleTa + 0.617  784  7  23 
CarTuloba
moswavleTa + 0.521  553  5  20 
akademiuri moswreba
SeniSvna: yvela efeqtis sididis mniSvnelovnebis donea 0.05. 
14 klasis marTva

Sedegad, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom, iloT uolter borgisa da frank

saSualod, moswavleTa akademiuri asiones kvleva (1982). am kvlevaSi
moswreba im klasebSi, sadac kla- CarTuli iyo dawyebiTi klasebis 34
sis marTvis efeqturi meTodebis maswavlebeli, romelic SemTxvevi-
gamoyenebasTan gvaqvs saqme, aris Ti SerCevis wesiT moxvdnen sakvlev
20 procentiliT maRali, vidre im da sakontrolo jgufebSi. sakvlev
moswavleTa akademiuri moswreba, jgufSi moxvedril maswavleblebs
romlebic iseT klasebSi swavlo- utardebodaT specialuri tren-
ben, sadac ar gamoiyeneba klasis ingi klasis marTvaSi, xolo sakon-
marTvis efeqturi meTodebi. ase trolo jgufSi moxvedrili maswav-
rom, klasis marTva mniSvnelovan leblebi aseT momzadebas ar gad-
gavlenas axdens moswavleebze. iodnen. kvlevis Sedegad, dadginda,
rom 1) maswavleblebma, romlebmac
gaiares treningi klasis marTvis
klasis karg meTodebSi (sakvlevi jgufi), kla-
mmarTvelebad sis marTvis unarebi gaaumjobeses,
im maswavleblebTan SedarebiT,
ibadebian Tu droTa romelTac aseTi treningi ar gau-
ganmavlobaSi vliaT (sakontrolo jgufi). 2) im
maswavleblebis moswavleebi, rom-
yalibdebian? lebmac treningi gaiares da gai-
umjobeses klasis marTvis unarebi
maswavlebeli, romelic klasis efeq-
(sakvlevi jgufi), ufro aqtiurad
tur mmarTvelad iTvleba, garkveu-
iyvenen CarTulni sagakveTilo
li maxasiaTeblebiT gamoirCeva. es
procesSi da disciplinas naklebad
maxasiaTeblebi advilad yalibdeba
arRvevdnen, vidre im maswavlebleb-
da bevrisTvis intuiciur donezec
is moswavleebi, romelTac klasis
ki gasagebia. SedarebiT rTulia imis
efeqturi marTvis treningi ar gau-
dadgena, Tu rogor SeiZleba iqces
vliaT (sakontrolo jgufi).
maswavlebeli klasis karg mmarTve-
lad. saerTod, ibadebian Tu droTa
bevrisaTvis sasixarulod, unda
ganmavlobaSi yalibdebian klasis
iTqvas, rom, am sferoSi Catarebu-
karg mmarTvelebad? sabednierod,
li kvlevebis mixedviT, klasis karg
am SekiTxvaze pasuxi imedismomce-
mmarTvelad Camoyalibeba arc Tu
mia: klasis efeqtur mmarTvelad
ise did dros moiTxovs. magaliTad,
maswavlebeli droTa ganmavlobaSi
ganvixiloT emeris, senfordis, qle-
yalibdeba. klasis efeqturi mmarT-
menTsisa da martinis kvlevis (1982)
velia is, vinc kargad icnobs da
Sedegebi. am kvlevaSi monawileobda
warmatebiT iyenebs klasis marTvis
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis sa-
konkretul meTodebs. am meTodebis
Sualo safexuris 40 maswavlebeli,
gacnoba mniSvnelovan zegavlenas
romelic mkvlevarebma sakvlev da
moaxdens maswavleblis profesiuli
sakontrolo jgufebSi gaanawiles.
qcevis cvlilebaze. es ki moswavlis
eqsperimentis Sedegad dadginda,
qcevazec moqmedebs da, sabolood,
rom maswavlebelma SeiZleba mniS-
dadebiTad aisaxeba mis akademiur
vnelovnad gaaumjobesos klasis
moswrebazec. ganaTlebis sferoSi
marTvis unari Sesabamisi saxelmZ-
Catarebuli sxvadasxva kvlevac am
Rvanelos gacnobisa da ori naxe-
mosazrebebs adasturebs.
vardRiani seminaris gavlis Semdeg.
TvalsaCinoebisaTvis, ganvix-
 ra mniSvneloba eniWeba klasis efeqtur marTvas? 15

emeri da misi kolegebi weren: mizniT. me-7 Tavi ki mogiTxrobT

imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda dai-
es eqsperimenti, ZiriTadad, mas- wyos saswavlo weli. mniSvnelova-
wavleblebisaTvis damatebiTi nia, axali saswavlo weli iyos kla-
informaciis miwodebas gulisx- sis efeqturad marTvis kargi da-
mobda. ar gvqonia SesaZlebloba, sawyisi. da bolos, maSin, roca me-2
komentari gagvekeTebina maswav- _ me-7 Tavebi uSualod klasis mar-
lebelTa muSaobaze, gvexelmZR- Tvas exeba, me-8 TavSi marTvas ukve
vanela maTTvis siaxleebis dan- saskolo doneze ganvixilavT.
ergvisas, an garkveuli periodis TiToeuli Tavi iwyeba im sakiTx-
manZilze xeli Segvewyo maTi Tan dakavSirebuli kvlevebisa da
profesiuli ganviTarebisaTvis. Teoriis mimoxilviT, romelsac es
ase rom, es iyo mxolod mini- Tavi eZRvneba. Semdeg mocemulia im
maluri informaciuli RonisZie- konkretuli programebis analizi,
bebis erToblioba (gv. 65). romlebic gansakuTrebiT warmate-
bulia klasis marTvis mocemul
analogiuri daskvnebi gakeTda em- aspeqtSi. TiToeuli Tavi moicavs
eris, senfordis, everTsonis, qle- mniSvnelovan qveTavs, saxelwodeb-
menTsis da martinis (1981) kvleva- iT, `rekomendaciebi maswavleb-
Sic. lebs~, romelSic, saxelwodebidan
gamomdinare, maswavleblebisaTvis
konkretuli rCevebia mocemuli.
winamdebare wignis
mokle mimoxilva
Sejameba
am wignis danarCen Svid TavSi siR-
rmiseuladaa ganxiluli klasis mar- maswavlebels SeuZlia, mniSvnelo-
Tvis sxvadasxva sakiTxi. me-2 TavSi vani zegavlena moaxdinos moswav-
ganxilulia saklaso wesebi da pro- lis akademiur moswrebaze. maswav-
cedurebi. me-3 Tavi exeba disci- leblis funqciaTa sami sferodan _
plinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTul swavlebis meTodebis sworad Ser-
RonisZiebebs. me-4 Tavi gTavazobT Ceva da gamoyeneba, saswavlo gegmis
informacias maswavleblis urTier- morgeba moswavleTa saWiroebebze
Tobaze moswavleebTan. me-5 TavSi da klasis marTvis meTodebis efeq-
ki ganxilulia mentaluri mzaobis turi gamoyeneba _ klasis efeq-
Tema. me-6 Tavi klasis marTvas gan- turad marTva aris umniSvnelovane-
sxvavebuli kuTxiT warmogidgenT si, radgan danarCenebis safuZvels
_ aq ganxilulia moswavlis pasux- warmoadgens. am sferoSi Catarebu-
ismgebloba klasis marTvaze da ara li kvlevebi, iseve rogorc metaan-
is, Tu rogor unda moiqces maswav- alizi, romelsac es wigni efuZneba,
lebeli klasis efeqturad marTvis amas adasturebs.
2
...
w e s e b i d a p ro ce du re b i

klasis efeqturad marTvis yvelaze lirebeli wesebi, moswavleTa

mniSvnelovani aspeqtia saklaso yuradReba ifanteba da rTulde-
wesebisa da procedurebis Camoya- ba maTi interesis saswavlo pro-
libeba da danergva. emeri, evert- cesze koncentracia. rutinul
soni da uorSami (2003) adastureben saqmianobaSi igulisxmeba: das-
wesebisa da procedurebis arse- wrebis aRricxva, diskusiebSi
bobis aucileblobas; isini Semdeg monawileoba, davalebis maswav-
axsna-ganmartebas gvTavazoben: leblisaTvis Cabareba, davalebis
Semowmeba da a.S. (gv. 17).
sxvadasxva klasSi gansxvavebu-
li wesebi da procedurebi moq- miuxedavad imisa, rom es amo­naridi
medebs. SeuZlebelia, maswavle- moyvanilia wignidan, romelic
belma warmatebiT aswavlos da zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis
moswavleebmac warmatebiT iswav- saSualo safexuris klasis marT-
lon, Tu, swavlisa da swavlebis vas exeba, avtorebi miiCneven, rom
process qcevis maregulirebeli analogiuri daskvnis gakeTeba Sei-
saxelmZRvanelo principebi ar Zleba dawyebiTi safexuris klasis
marTavs. moswavlem unda icodes, marTvasTan dakavSirebiTac (everT-
rodis (ar) SeuZlia klasSi Tav- soni, emeri da uorSami, 2003).
isuflad gadaadgileba, maswav- ori termini, wesebi da proce-
leblisTvis an TanatolebisaT- durebi, xSirad urTierTCanacvle-
vis sityvis gawyvetineba da a.S. badia. miuxedavad amisa, am wignSi
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ar arsebobs maT erTmaneTisagan gavmijnavT,
rutinuli saqmianobis maregu- radgan migvaCnia, rom am or termins

16
 wesebi da procedurebi 17

Soris mniSvnelovani gansxvavebaa.

orive termini exeba Camoyalibebul
kvlevebi da Teoria
mosazrebas mosalodnel qcevas- rogorc pirvel TavSi iyo
Tan dakavSirebiT. gansxvaveba isaa, aRniSnuli, winamdebare wignSi moy-
rom wesi warmoadgens zogad molo- vanili rekomendaciebi Cven mier
dins an standarts, xolo proce- Catarebuli metaanalizis Sede-
dura akavSirebs mas konkretul gebs efuZneba (Tumca, am wignSi,
saqcielTan (everTsoni da sxvebi, aseve, mogvyavs sxva Teoriebic da
2003; emeri da sxvebi, 2003). magali- kvle­vaTa daskvnebic). diagrama 2.1-
Tad, maswavlebelma SeiZleba daam- ze mocemulia wesebsa da proce-
kvidros aseTi wesi: `pativiscemiT durebTan dakavSirebuli metaana-
moekideT sxva adamianebs da maT sa- lizis Sedegebi.
kuTrebas”. mocemuli wesi moicavs diagrama 2.1-ze pirveli xazi ex-
mosalodneli qcevis farTo diapa- eba saklaso wesebisa da procedure-
zons. imave maswavlebelma SeiZleba bis Camoyalibebasa da danergvasTan
Camoayalibos da danergos proce- dakavSirebul efeqtis saSualo
durebi konkretul saqmianobasTan sidides. metaanalizSi Sevida 10
dakavSirebiT, magaliTad, iseT kvle­va, romelic 636 moswavles aer-
saqmianobebTan, rogorebicaa: Ses- Tianebda. efeqtis sidide aRmoCnda
rulebuli davalebebis Segroveba, -0.763. diagrama 2.1-ze aseve moyva-
davalebis dagvianebiT warmodgena, nilia efeqtis saSualo sidideebi,
saklaso diskusiebSi monawileoba saklaso wesebisa da procedure-
da a.S. Sesabamisad, procedurebi bis Camoyalibebasa da danergvasTan
exeba konkretul saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT, zogadsaganmanaTle-
dakavSirebuli qcevis regulacias. blo skolis saSualo, sabazo da

diagrama 2.1
wesebi da procedurebi: efeqtis sidideebi
efeqtis 95%-iani cdis pirTa procen­
saSualo ndobis raodenoba  kvlevebis tilis
sidide  intervali
raodenoba  kleba

wesebisa da procedurebis -0.598-dan

-0.763 636 10 28
Camoyalibeba da danergva -0.927-mde

zogadsaganmanaTleblo -0.574-dan
-0.772 425 3 28
skolis saSualo safexuri -0.970-mde

zogadsaganmanaTleblo -0.059-dan
-0.617 48 1 23
skolis sabazo safexuri -1.293-mde

zogadsaganmanaTleblo
-0.438-dan
skolis dawyebiTi -0.772 163 6 28
-1.106-mde
safexuris bolo klasebi

zogadsaganmanaTleblo monacemebi monacemebi monacemebi monacemebi monacemebi

skolis dawyebiTi ar ar ar ar ar
safexuri arsebobs arsebobs arsebobs arsebobs arsebobs
18 klasis marTva

dawyebiTi safexuris bolo klaseb- SemTxvevaSi. rogorc diagrama 2.1-

Si. manam, sanam gadavalT efeqtis ze Cans, saklaso wesebisa da pro-
sidideebis ganxilvaze zogadsa- cedurebis danergvis efeqturobis
ganmanaTleblo skolis TiToeuli Seswavlisas, metaanalizma moicva
CamoTvlili safexurisaTvis, yura- 10 kvleva da 636 moswavle. am kvle­
dReba gavamaxviloT efeqtis saSua- vebidan calke aRebuli nebismieri
lo sidideze (-0.763). erTi kvleva moicavs, saSualod, 60
efeqtis saSualo sidide (-0.763) moswavles. roca mkvlevari swav-
miuTiTebs Semdegze: zogadsagan- lobs mxolod 60 moswavles, is
manaTleblo skolebis sxvadasxva darwmunebuli ver iqneba, rom misi
safexuris im klasebSi, sadac sak- kvlevis Sedegebi sandoa. SesaZloa,
laso wesebi da procedurebi war- im kvlevis daskvna, romelic 60 mo-
matebiT dainerga, disciplinis dar- swavles Seiswavlis, maRali efeq-
Rvevis SemTxvevebi 28 procentiliT tis sididiT gamoirCeodes, magram
dabali iyo, vidre im klasebSi, sa- ar aris gamoricxuli, rom efeqtis
dac saklaso wesebi da procedure- sidide cdomilebis Sedegi iyos.
bi ar moqmedebda. SeniSnavdiT, rom cdomilebis fenomens pirvel Tav-
diagrama 2.1-ze, efeqtis sidid- Si SevexeT. magaliTad, cdomile-
esTan dakavSirebiT, mocemulia basTan gveqneba saqme, Tu aRmoCnda,
iseTi informacia, romelic pirvel rom moswavleebi im klasebSi, sadac
TavSi ar yofila axsnili, kerZod, wesebi da procedurebi warmatebiT
informacia ndobis intervalis dainerga, bunebiT ufro mSvidebi
Sesaxeb. meore svetis saxelwodebaa da disciplinuri darRvevebisadmi
`95%-iani ndobis intervali”. efeq- naklebad midrekilni iyvnen. ma-
tis saSualo sididisaTvis (- 0.763) Sin roca im klasebis moswavleebi,
95%-iani ndobis intervalia _ 0.598- sadac wesebi da procedurebi ar
dan _ 0.927-mde. ndobis intervalis danergila, ar gamoirCeodnen am
raobis wvdoma dagexmarebaT, ufro maxasiaTebliT. gasakviri ar aris,
ukeT gaigoT, Tu ratomaa metaana- rom wesebisa da procedurebis dan-
lizi ase sasargeblo. ergvis efeqtis sidide am SemTx-
gaixseneT, rom pirvel TavSi vevaSi sakmaod maRali iqneboda.
metaanalizi ganvmarte, rogorc zogadad, rac ufro meti kvlevis
meTodi, romelic ramdenime kvle­ analizi xdeba da rac ufro metia
vis Sedegis raodenobrivi sinTez- cdis pirTa raodenoba, saboloo
is saSualebas iZleva. am konkre- daskvna gacilebiT ufro maRali
tul SemTxvevaSi moxda 10 kvlevis sandoobiT gamoirCeva.
daskvnis Serwyma, ramac mogvca diagrama 2.1-ze efeqtis Ti-
wesebisa da procedurebis dan- Toeuli sididis sandooba 95%-iani
ergvis efeqtis saSualo sidide _ ndobis intervaliT ganisazRvreba.
0.763. pirvel TavSi, aseve, aRvniS- es ki Semdegs niSnavs: vuSvebT ra
neT, rom metaanalizi saSualebas imas, rom kvlevaSi ar aris daSve-
gvaZlevs, ufro metad davrwmun- buli Secdoma, Cven 95%-iT varT
deT Cveni aRmoCenis sisworeSi. amis darwmunebulni, rom efeqtis `re-
mizezia is, rom metaanalizis dros aluri~ sidide swored am inter-
viTvaliswinebT ramdenime kvlevis valSi xvdeba. Sesabamisad, diagrama
erTobliv Sedegs, ris gamoc cdis 2.1-is mixedviT, Cven 95%-iT varT
pirTa raodenoba gacilebiT maRa- darwmunebuli imaSi, rom wesebisa
lia, vidre calke aRebuli kvlevis da procedurebis danergvis um-
 wesebi da procedurebi 19

ciresi realuri efeqtis sidide -0.617 da -0.772. rac Seexeba dawye-

SeiZleba iyos -0. 598 (Tu kvleva- biT safexurs, ar arsebobda Sesa-
Si ar aris cdomileba) da udidesi bamisi monacemebi dawyebiT safex-
realuri efeqtis sidide SeiZleba urze efeqtis saSualo sididis
iyos -0. 927 (Tu kvlevaSi ar aris gamosaTvlelad. gamomdinare iqi-
cdomileba). sxva sityvebiT, Cven dan, rom xsenebuli efeqtis saSu-
ar varT darwmunebulni imaSi, rom alo sidideebis ndobis intervali
kvle­vis Sedegad dadgenili efeq- ar Seicavs 0.00-s, samive sididis
tis saSualo sidide (-0. 763) dac- mniSvnelovnebis donea 0.05. sayura-
ulia cdomilebisagan. SesaZlebe- dReboa is faqti, rom zogadsagan-
lia, efeqtis saSualo sidide iyos manaTleblo skolis sabazo safex-
xelovnurad maRali an dabali. urze wesebisa da procedurebis
Tumca, 95%-iani albaToba arsebobs danergvis ndobis intervali ar
imisa, rom efeqtis realuri sidide moicavs, magram uaxlovdeba 0.00-s;
ar iqneba -0.598-ze naklebi an meryeobs -0.059-sa da -1.293-s So-
-0.927-ze meti. Sesabamisad, kvlevis ris. es Semdegs niSnavs: Cven 95%-iT
es Sedegi gvarwmunebs, rom wesebisa varT darwmunebulni, rom zogad-
da procedurebis SemuSavebasa da saganmanaTleblo skolis sabazo
klasSi danergvas namdvilad Seu- safexuris moswavleTa qcevaze
Zlia gavlenis moxdena moswavlis wesebisa da procedurebis realuri
qcevaze. roca ndobis intervali zegavlena SeiZleba iyos maqsimum
ar Seicavs 0.00-s, acxadeben, rom -1.293 da minimum -0.059. es aris sak-
efeqtis sididis `mniSvnelovnebis maod farTo intervali. Sesabamis-
donea 0.05”. ad, zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis
diagrama 2.1-ze ar aris ndobis sabazo safexuris moswavleebTan
intervali, romelic 0.00-s Seicavs. wesebisa da procedurebis zegav-
Sesabamisad, efeqtis yvela saSualo lenis efeqtis saSualo sidide
sididis mniSvnelovnebis donea 0.05. ver daimsaxurebs iseTsave ndobas,
roca winamdebare wigns mTlianad rogorc efeqtis saSualo sididee-
gaecnobiT (da daakvirdebiT 95%- bi, romlebic asaxavs wesebisa da
ian ndobis intervalebs), aRmoa- procedurebis zegavlenas saSualo
CenT, rom Cveni metaanalizis Sede- da dawyebiTi safexuris moswavlee-
gebSi warmodgenili efeqtis yvela bze. SedarebiT naklebi ndobis miz-
saSualo sididis mniSvnelovnobis ezi naTlad Cans diagrama 2.1-ze.
donea 0.05. mTels wignSi erTad- zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis sa-
erTi efeqtis sidide uaxlovdeba bazo safexuris moswavleebze wese-
nuls da es efeqtis sidide swored bisa da procedurebis zegavlenis
diagrama 2.1-ze gvxvdeba. imisaTvis, efeqtis saSualo sidide (-0.617)
rom ukeT gaiazroT ndobis inter- dadgenilia mxolod erTi kvlevis
valis raoba, modiT, am erT gamon- Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romel-
aklis SemTxvevaze gavamaxviloT Sic 48 moswavle monawileobda.
yuradReba. gamomdinare iqidan, rom am kvleva-
rogorc diagrama 2.1-ze Cans, Si cdis pirTa raodenoba dabalia,
wesebisa da procedurebis dan- ndobis intervali farTovdeba.
ergvis efeqtis saSualo sidideebi Cndeba SekiTxva: aseTi farTo ndo-
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis sa- bis intervali gulisxmobs Tu ara
Sualo, sabazo da dawyebiTi safex- imas, rom zogadsaganmanaTleblo
uris bolo klasebSi aris -0.772, skolis sabazo safexuris moswav-
20 klasis marTva

leebTan wesebisa da procedurebis wesebisa da procedurebis arseboba

gamoyeneba SeiZleba efeqturi ar asocirdeba moswavlis akademiuri
iyos? ra Tqma unda, aseTi daskvna moswrebis 10 procentiliT gaum-
ar iqneboda marTebuli, radgan jobesebasTan. SesaZloa, saxlSi
kvleva aCvenebs, rom efeqtis sa- wesebisa da procedurebis morCile-
Sualo sididis mniSvnelovnebis ba moswavles uviTarebs im midg-
donea 0.05. mniSvnelovnebis es done omebs, romelic mas skolaSi disci-
standartulia ganaTlebis sferoSi plinis ukeT dacvasa da, Sesabamis-
Catarebul kvlevebSi. amasTanave, ad, ukeTesad swavlaSi exmareba. ms-
Tavs uflebas mivcemT, aRvniSnoT, gavsi kvleva Caatara elen sliqerma
rom zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis (1998). am kvle­vaSi monawileobda
sabazo safexuris moswavleebTan, zogadsagan­manaTleblo skolis sa-
wesebisa da procedurebis gamoyen- Sualo safexuris 2000-ze meti mo-
ebasTan dakavSirebiT, erTiT meti swavle. kvlevis Sedegad dadginda,
kvlevis Sedegebis gaTvaliswine- rom saxlSi wesebisa da procedure-
ba Seamcirebda efeqtis saSualo bis arseboba gavlenas axdens mos-
sididis ndobis intervals. amis wavlis qcevaze skolaSi; efeqtis
mizezi iqneboda is, rom erTi kvle- saSualo sididea -0.79. es imas gu-
vis damatebiT gaizrdeboda cdis lisxmobs, rom saxlSi wesebisa da
pirTa raodenoba. procedurebis efeqturi danergva
zemoT moyvanili ganmarteba skolaSi moswavlis mier discipli-
metaanalizis arsis karg ilustra- nuri darRvevebis 29 procentiliT
cias warmoadgens, rac SemdegSi SemcirebasTan asocirdeba. analo-
mdgomareobs: roca xdeba ramdenime giuri daskvnebia gakeTebuli sxva
kvlevis Sedegis kombinacia, dar- mkvlevarebis naSromebSic (qris-
wmunebiT SeiZleba ganisazRvros, Tensoni, raundsi da gornei, 1992;
ramdenad efeqturia klasis marT- marTini, 1995).
vis / swavlebis konkretuli meTo- rogorc irkveva, am sferoSi
di, anu ramdenad did zegavlenas Catarebuli kvlevebi adasturebs,
axdens is moswavlis qcevasa Tu aka- rom wesebisa da procedurebis
demiur moswrebaze. Camoyalibeba da danergva, klasSi
diagrama 2.1-ze moyvanili efeq- Tu saxlSi, mniSvnelovan zegavle-
tis saSualo sidideebis garda, nas axdens moswavleTa qcevasa da
saklaso wesebisa da procedurebis maT akademiur moswrebaze. Tumca
damkvidrebis mniSvnelovnebaze miu- kvlevebi, aseve, adasturebs, rom
TiTebs ojaxur garemoze Catarebu- ar SeiZleba wesebi da procedurebi
li kvlevebi. magaliTad, erT-erTi moswavleebs Tavs movaxvioT. wesebi
aseTi kvleva Seiswavlida 69 000-ze da procedurebi moswavleebs kar-
met ojaxur wyvilsa da maT bavS- gad unda avuxsnaT da aqtiurad
vebs. am kvlevis avtorebi arian hi- CavrToT maT danergvaSi. amas adas-
Tao feni da maiql Ceni (2001). fenma turebs kvleva, romelic brofim
da Cenma aRmoaCines, rom saxlSi da everTsonma (1976) Caatares. am
garkveuli wesebisa da procedure- kvle­vaSi brofma da everTsonma ori
bis arseboba moswavleTa akademiur sxvadasxva jgufis maswavlebelTa
moswrebaze pozitiur zegavlenas swavlebis meTodebi Seadares erT-
axdens. kvlevis mixedviT, am zegav- maneTs _ erT jgufSi Sediodnen
lenis efeqtis saSualo sididea maswavleblebi, romelTa moswav-
0.26. es imas niSnavs, rom saxlSi leebic gansakuTrebul akademiur
 wesebi da procedurebi 21

warmatebas aRwevdnen, xolo meore Tavis kvlevaSi adarebs saxlSi dam-

jgufSi SemTxveviTad SerCeuli mas- kvidrebuli wesebis zegavlenas mo-
wavleblebi iyvnen gaerTianebulni. swavleTa qcevaze skolaSi, roca
mkvlevarebi aRniSnaven: es wesebi moswavlesTan erToblivi
ganxilvisa da SeTanxmebis Semdeg
warmatebuli maswavleblebi Sedis ZalaSi da maSin, roca isini
xarjavdnen drosa da energias iZulebis wesiT inergeba. sliqeris
imisaTvis, rom aexsnaT moswav- kvleva askvnis, rom saxlSi damkvi-
leebisaTvis ara mxolod wese- drebuli wesebi maSin axdens dadeb-
bi, aramed am wesebis danergvis iT zegavlenas moswavlis saskolo
aucileblobac. moswavleebi- qcevaze (efeqtis sidide -0.47), roca
saTvis imis gageba, Tu ratom es wesebi moswavlesTan SeTanxmebi-
unda Seasrulon esa Tu is wesi, Taa miRebuli. sxva sityvebiT, Tu
Zalian mniSvnelovania. mxolod mSobeli SvilTan winaswar aTanxmebs
aseTi procesis gavlis Semdeg im wesebs, romlebic axalgazrdam
SeiZleba iqces wesi moswav- saxlSi unda daicvas, skolaSi mos-
lisaTvis misaRebad. gamoikveTa wavlis mier disciplinis darRvevis
naklebad warmatebuli maswav- SemTxvevebi 18 procentiliT iklebs,
leblebis maxasiaTeblebic; maT im situaciebisagan gansxvavebiT,
klasebSi an saerTod ar arse- roca savaldebulo wesebi saxlSi
bobda wesebi da procedure- moswavleze ZaldatanebiT inergeba.
bi (Sesabamisad, maswavlebels ase rom, kvlevebi da Teoria
yovel wuTs uxdeboda axali adasturebs mosazrebas, rom klasis
gadawyvetilebis miReba, rac marTvaSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba
mas swavlebis process xSirad eniWeba moswavleebTan wesebisa da
awyvetinebda), an imdeni wesebi procedurebis SeTanxmebas. wesebisa
hqondaT klasSi danergili, rom da procedurebis efeqturi danergva
detalebze zedmeti koncen- ki ara mxolod moswavleTa qcevaze,
traciis gamo, Tavad wesi mniS- aramed maT akademiur moswrebazec
vnelobas kargavda (gv. 58-59). dadebiT gavlenas axdens.

riCard qaruini da alen mendleri

(1988) TavianT wignSi `disciplinis programebi
dacva Rirseulad~ aseve amaxvileben
yuradRebas imaze, Tu raoden mniS- klasis efeqturi marTvis pro-
vnelovania moswavlis monawileoba gramebi, ZiriTadad, klasis marTvis
wesebisa da procedurebis danergvis ganmsazRvrel oTx faqtors exeba.
procesSi. qaruini da mendleri iqam- rogorc winamdebare wignis dasaw-
dec ki midian, rom wesebsa da proce- yisSi aRvniSneT, qouninma gamoyo
durebs maswavlebelsa da moswavles klasis efeqturi marTvis ramden-
Soris gaformebul `xelSekrulebas~ ime ganmsazRvreli faqtori, es-
uwodeben (gv. 47). enia: 1) `gonebrivi sifxizle~, 2)
sxvadasxva kvleva, romelic Tanmimdevruloba da energiuloba
wesebis saSualebiT saxlSi disci- gakveTilis axsnisas, 3) moswav-
plinis damyarebis efeqturobas ex- leTaTvis kargad axsna imisa, Tu
eba, aseve xazs usvams wesebis gaaq- rogor unda moiqcnen isini sxva-
tiurebas moswvlesTan SeTanxmebiT, dasxva dros da 4) moswavleTaTvis
da ara ZaldatanebiT. sliqeri (1998) klasSi adgilebis xSiri cvla. calke
22 klasis marTva

aRebuli programa, SesaZloa, oTxi- romlis drosac maswavleblebi,

dan erT-erTze amaxvilebdes gansa- specialuri indikatorebis mixed-
kuTrebul yuradRebas. am nawilSi viT, aanalizeben swavlebis praqti-
mokled mimovixilavT programas, kas, iwyeben kvlevaze dafuZnebuli
romelic sasargeblo iqneba wese- meTodebis gamoyenebas, akvird-
bisa da procedurebis danergvisas. ebian ama Tu im swavlebis meTodis
winamdebare wignis sxva TavebSi, efeqturobas. am trening-kursis
aseve, SexvdebiT qveTavs saxel- msvle­lobisas, gamoiyeneba Semdegi
wodebiT `programebi”, romelSic saxelmZRvaneloebi: `klasis marTvis
ganxiluli iqneba klasis efeqturi meTodebi zogadsaganmanaTleblo
marTvis erTi aspeqti. skolebis dawyebiTi klasebis maswav-
klasis marTvis erT-erTi yve- lebelTaTvis~ (everTsoni da sxvebi,
laze kargad gamokvleuli progra- 2003) da `klasis marTvis meTodebi
maa klasis organizaciisa da marT- zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebis
vis programa (SemoklebiT, kompi). sabazo klasebis maswavlebelTaT-
kompi SeimuSaves qerolain everT- vis~ (emeri da sxvebi, 2003). ever-
sonma da misma kolegebma vander- Tonis (1995) mixedviT, `1989 wlidan
bilTis universitetidan (ix. ev- moyolebuli, kompis treningi gai-
erTsoni, 1995; everTsoni & harisi, ara 5870-ze metma maswavlebelma da
1999). es programa xazs usvams wese- administratorma 28 StatSi~ (gv. 7).
bisa da procedurebis danergvis
aucileblobas. aseve, programa exe-
ba klasis organizaciis principebs,
moswavleTa angariSveldebulebis
dawesebas, swavlebis dagegmvasa da
organizacias, swavlebis procesis
rekomendaciebi
warmarTvasa da Zalisxmevis Senar- maswavleblebs
Cunebas.
moswavleebze kompis pozitiuri rekomendacia 1 q
zegavlena kvlevebiTaa dadastureb-
uli. sxvadasxva kvleva adasturebs,
rom kompis gamoyeneba amcirebs mo- moaxdineT konkretuli wesebisa
swavleebSi disciplinis darRve- da procedurebis identifikacia
vis SemTxvevebs, zrdis moswavleTa Tqveni klasisaTvis
CarTulobas da, zog SemTxvevaSi,
moswavleTa akademiuri moswrebis rogorc dasawyisSi aRiniSna, sxva­
gaumjobesebazec ki zemoqmedebs. am dasxva klasSi, maswavleblisa da
ukanasknelis sazomad gamoiyeneba moswavleebis saWiroebebisa da
standartuli testebi zogadsagan- midgomebis Sesabamisad, gansxvave-
manaTleblo skolis dawyebiT da buli wesebi da procedurebi ar-
sabazo safexurebze (ix. everTsoni, sebobs. wesebsa da procedurebs
1995). maswavleblebi, Cveulebriv, Semdeg
everTsonis mixedviT (1995), kompi zogad kategoriebSi iyeneben:
warmoadgens zogadsaganmanaTleblo • qcevasTan dakavSirebuli molo-
skolis maswavlebelTa profesiuli dini;
ganviTarebis Ziebaze orientirebul • sagakveTilo dRis an saswavlo
midgomas. es aris praqtikos maswav- periodis dasawyisi da dasasru-
lebelTa 6 – 18 kviriani treningi, li;
 wesebi da procedurebi 23

• gakveTilis Sewyveta; 1986; everTsoni da sxvani, 2003;

• masala da mowyobilobebi; gudi da brofi, 2003).
• jgufuri muSaoba;
imisaTvis, rom gaviazroT, Tu
• tradiciuli swavleba, romelsac
rogor SeiZleba sagakveTilo qcev-
mTlianad maswavlebeli uZRveba.
asTan dakavSirebuli wesebisa da
es, ra Tqma unda, ar niSnavs imas, procedurebis danergva zogadsa-
rom aucilebelia, gqondeT wesebi ganmanaTleblo skolis dawyebiT
da procedurebi TiToeul am kat- klasebSi, gavecnoT Semdeg ambavs:
egoriaSi. sinamdvileSi, wesebisa da
procedurebis Camoyalibeba da dam- pirvelive sagakveTilo kvi-
kvidreba yvela kategoriaSi, Sesa- raSi batonma banerma mesame-
Zloa, uaryofiTi reaqciis gamom- klaselebi jgufebad dayo da
wvevic ki iyos. emeri, everTsoni da TiToeul jgufs oTxidan erTi
uorSami (2003) zogadsaganmanaTle- ZiriTadi saklaso wesi misca.
blo skolis sabazo safexurze mas- bavSvebs Semdegi davaleba unda
wavleblebs mouwodeben, ar gamoi- SeesrulebinaT: qaRaldze unda
yenon Svid wessa da proceduraze amoebeWdaT es wesi da suraTe-
meti. everTsoni, emeri da uor- biT gaeformebinaT. muSaobis
Sami (2003) miiCneven, rom dawyebiT procesSi moswavleebi, ra Tqma
safexurze mxolod xuTidan rvamde unda, am wess ganixilavdnen da
wesi da procedura SeiZleba dain- masze msjelobdnen. xsenebuli
ergos. ase rom, mniSvnelovania, mas- oTxi wesi SemdegSi mdgomare-
wavlebelma wesebi da procedurebi obda:
sworad SearCios. 1. daexmareT dReSi or Tanak­
lasels; ifiqreT sxvebze;
u qceva klasSi 2. iseTive pativiscemiT moep­
yariT sxvebis sakuTrebas, ro­
sxvadasxva cxovrebiseuli situacia
gorc Tqvens sakuTrebas epyro­
yovelTvis im molodinebis gaT-
biT. warmoidgineT, rogor ig­
valiswinebas gulisxmobs, romelic
rZnobdiT Tavs, Tqvens niv­Tebs
am situaciaSi myof adamianebs erT-
rom udierad mopyrobodnen;
maneTis mimarT uCndebaT. gamonak-
3. mousmineT sxvebs, sanam sa­
liss arc gakveTili warmoadgens.
ubars daiwyebT; dafiqrdiT,
aucilebelia, im wesebisa da pro-
ris Tqmas apirebT da mxolod
cedurebis Camoyalibeba, romlebic
Semdeg warmoadgineT Tqveni
gakveTilze unda iqnas daculi.
saTqmeli;
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis
4. gaakontroleT Tqveni saq­
dawyebiT klasebSi wesebi da proce-
cieli; dafiqrdiT da mxolod
durebi, rogorc wesi, exeba Semdeg
Semdeg imoqmedeT.
sferoebs:
drodadro, batoni baneri mos-
• zrdilobiani damokidebuleba
wavleebTan erTad ganixilavda
sxvebTan; adamianebis daxmareba;
TiToeul wess da uxsnida maT,
• sxvebis sakuTrebis pativiscema;
Tu rogor daexmarebodaT `az-
• maswavleblis an moswavleTa sau-
rovneba~ wesebis gaazrebasa da
bris procesSi unebarTvo CarTva;
maT SesrulebaSi.
• sxvebisTvis fizikuri Seu-
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, moswav-
racxyofis miyeneba (ix. doili,
24 klasis marTva

leebi axal wessac ayalibebd- leqsi iyo mocemuli. maswavle-

nen. belma leqsad Camoayaliba is
wesebi, romelTa morCilebasac
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis moswavleTagan moeloda. leq-
sabazo safexurze gakveTilze qce- sis bolo striqonebi ki mou-
vis wesebi da procedurebi, rogorc wodebda moswavleebs, saWiroe-
wesi, Semdeg sakiTxebs exeba: bisamebr, SeniSvnebi SeetanaT am
• saswavlo masalis skolaSi tare- wesebSi erTi aucilebeli pi-
ba; robis dacviT _ yvela SeniSvna
• winaswargansazRvrul adgilas leqsad unda warmoedginaT.
dajdoma;
• sxvebis pativiscema da zrdilo-
moswavleebi qalbatoni suinis
biani mopyroba;
mier leqsad Camoyalibebulma
• saubrisagan Tavis Sekaveba gak­
wesebma Zalian gaaxalisa. maT
veTilis msvlelobis dros, an
kidev erTxel guldasmiT wai-
maSin, roca sxvebi saubroben;
kiTxes leqsi da yuradRebiT
• misTvis gansazRvrul adgilze
usmendnen TiToeuli wesis de-
jdoma;
talur ganmartebas, romel-
• sxvebis sakuTrebis pativis-
sac maswavleblisagan iRebd-
cema (ix. emeri da sxvebi, 2003;
nen. roca maswavlebelma es
brofi, 1996; doili, 1986; gudi
galeqsili wesebi klasSi dak-
da brofi, 2003).
ida da moswavleTa reaqciaze
qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti daiwyo dakvirveba, advilad
gvi­Cvenebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba daaskvna, rom isini gacilebiT
gakveTilze qcevis maregulirebeli keTilganwyobilni iyvnen po-
wesebisa da procedurebis damkvi- eturi formiT Camoyalibebu-
drebis procesis dawyeba zogad- li wesebisadmi, vidre mSrali,
saganmanaTleblo skolis sabazo prozauli wesebisadmi, risi
safexurze: gamocdilebac qalbaton suins
warsulSi hqonda. axla maswav-
qalbatoni suini me-9 klaselebs lebeli ukve mzad iyo, poeziis
inglisurs aswavlis. swavlis gakveTilebze gadasuliyo. mas
dawyebis pirveli kvirisTvis ukve aRar gauWirdeboda axsna
man orad ori amocana daisaxa: imisa, rom poezia azrebisa da
moswavleebisaTvis klasSi qce- grZnobebis gamoxatvis Tavise-
vis ZiriTadi wesebis axsna da buri saSualebaa.
pirvel semestrSi gasavleli
masalis mokle mimoxilva. qal- u sagakveTilo dRis an
abtonma suinma CaTvala, rom, saswavlo periodis dasawyisi
poeziis gamoyenebiT, am ori da dasasruli
amocanis miRweva erTdroulad
SeiZleboda. saswavlo gegmis gakveTilis dasawyisi yovelTvis
mixedviT, poezias eTmoboda gansazRvravs imas, Tu rogor wa-
pirveli semestris didi nawili. rimarTeba gakveTili. kargi dasaw-
man moswavleebs dauriga sam- yisi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania
uSao furclebi, romlebzec maSin, roca maswavlebeli erTsa da
imave moswavleebs dRis manZilze
 wesebi da procedurebi 25

ramdenime gakveTils utarebs, drois didi nawili swavlisa da

an rodesac moswavleebs yvela swavlebis procesisTvis daeT-
gakveTili erT oTaxSi aqvT. is, Tu moT. klasSi SemosvlisTanave
rogor iwyeba gakveTili, aranakleb moswavleebi im adgilisaken
mniSvnelovania maSin, roca moswav- midiodnen, sadac ido saniS-
leebs sxvadasxva sagans sxvadasxva neebi, TiToeulze romelime
maswavlebeli aswavlis. Sesabamisad, moswavlis saxeliTa da gvariT.
wesebi da procedurebi SeiZleba yvela moswavle iRebda sakuTar
exebodes rogorc saswavlo dRis, saniSnes da aTavsebda sadilis
ise periodis dasawyissa da dasas- asarCev yuTebSi. am proceduris
ruls. dRis an periodis dasasruli dasrulebisTanave, yvela mos-
yovelTvis sayuradReboa, radgan wavle sakuTar adgils ikavebda
dasasruli gansazRvravs im gan- da iwyebda dafaze dawerili
wyobas, riTic moswavle Semdgom amocanis amoxsnas. es amocana
dRes an periods ukavSirdeba. yovelTvis saxaliso iyo. sanam
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis moswavleebi amocanaze muSao-
dawyebiT safexurze saswavlo dRis bdnen, qalbatoni feToni in-
dawyebasa da damTavrebasTan dakav- iSnavda gacdenebs (amowmebda,
Sirebuli wesebi da procedurebi, visi saniSneebi iyo darCenili
rogorc wesi, Semdeg sakiTxebs ex- adgilze) da iTvlida sadilis
eba xolme: asarCev yuTebSi moswavleTa
saniSneebis raodenobebs, raTa
• saswavlo dRis dawyeba konk-
zusti informacia hqonoda,
retuli socialuri aqtivobiT
Tu ramdenma moswavlem airCia
(magaliTad, dabadebis dRis
sadilis esa Tu is varianti. ase
milocva, moswavleTaTvis mniS-
izogeboda dro da iwyeboda
vnelovani dRis aRniSvna);
samuSao dRe. dRis bolos mo-
• administraciuli sakiTxebis
swavleebi klass awesrigebdnen,
mogvareba (magaliTad, moswav-
saswavlo masalas abinavebdnen
leTa daswrebis Semowmeba da
da saniSneebs Tavis adgilas aw-
aRniSvna);
yobdnen, raTa meore dRes ig-
• saswavlo dRis dasruleba oTax-
ive procedura gaemeorebinaT.
is dalageba-dasufTavebiTa da
ase sruldeboda saswavlo dRe.
merxebis mowesrigebiT;
dRis bolos qalbatoni feToni
• saswavlo dRis dasruleba sas-
moswavleebs saxlSi uSvebda.
wavlo masalis dalagebiT (ix.
everTsoni da sxvani, 2003; doi-
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis
li, 1986; brofi, 1996; gudi da
sabazo safexurze saswavlo dRis
brofi, 2003).
dawyebasa da damTavrebasTan dakav-
qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti aCve- Sirebuli wesebi da procedurebi,
nebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba am wese- rogorc wesi, Semdeg sakiTxebs ex-
bisa da procedurebis gakveTilze eba xolme:
gamoyeneba:
• moswavleTa daswrebis aRricxva
gakveTilis dasawyisSi;
qalbatonma feTonma meore­
• wina gakveTilis masalis Sejameba
klaselebi yoveldRiur, ruti­
im moswavleTaTvis, vinc mecadi-
nul saqmianobas miaCvia. es maT
neobas ar eswreboda;
exmareboda, rom sagakveTilo
26 klasis marTva

• im moswavleebis daxmareba, rom- aseTi jgufuri midgomiT, qal-

lebic gakveTilis dasawyisSi sa- batoni lima yvela moswavlis
Tanadod koncentrirebulni ar individualuri saWiroebis myi­
arian; sier dakmayofilebas uzrunve-
• gakveTilis dasruleba saSinao lyofda. Sesabamisad, mcird-
davalebis naTlad axsniT. eboda gakveTilze disciplinis
darRvevis SemTxvevebis alba-
qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti aCvenebs,
Toba.
Tu rogor SeiZleba am wesebisa da
procedurebis gakveTilze gamoyen-
eba: u gakveTilis Sewyveta
gasagebia, rom moswavleebs, sxva­
qalbatoni lima sxvadasxva
dasxva mizezis gamo, SesaZloa,
wessa Tu proceduras iyeneb-
klasidan gasvla da Semdeg isev ukan
da, raTa maqsimalurad bevris
dabruneba dasWirdeT. magaliTad,
gakeTeba moeswro gakveTilze
moswavles SeiZleba sapirfareSo-
da klasis marTvis garkveuli
Si gasvla moundes. SeiZleba jgu-
pasuxismgebloba moswavleebi-
furadac mouxdeT klasis datoveba,
saTvisac daekisrebina. am amo-
magaliTad, maSin, roca biblioTeka-
canis misaRwevad, moswavleebi
Si midian. saTanado wesebisa da pro-
jgufebad iyvnen dayofilni.
cedurebis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi,
yvela jgufs konkretuli fun-
moswavleTa gadaadgileba da moZ-
qciebi ekisreboda. jgufebs
raoba SeiZleba qaoss iwvevdes.
Soris drodadro funqciebi
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis
icvleboda kidec. yvela jguf-
dawyebiT safexurze moswavleTa
Si gansazRvruli iyo erTi `or-
gadaadgilebasa da gakveTilis Sew-
ganizatori~. gakveTilis da-
yvetasTan dakavSirebuli wesebi da
sawyisSi organizatori Tavis
procedurebi, Cveulebriv, Semdeg
jgufSi amowmebda sxvadasxva
sakiTxebs exeba xolme:
organizaciul sakiTxs, maT So-
ris, magaliTad, imas, hqonda Tu • saklaso oTaxidan gasvla;
ara yvela moswavles mocemuli • saklaso oTaxSi dabruneba;
gakveTilisaTvis saWiro sas- • sapirfareSoSi gasvla;
wavlo masala. paralelurad, • biblioTekaSi gasvla;
qalbatoni lima moswavleTa • sasadiloSi gasvla;
daswrebas aRniSnavda. erT-or • saTamaSo moedanze gasvla;
wuTSi moswavleebi, organiza- • xanZarsa da sxva ubedur SemTx-
torebi da maswavlebeli mzad vevaze reagireba;
iyvnen gakveTilis dasawyebad. • klasSi damxareebi (ix. everTo-
gakveTilis bolos organiza- ni da sxvebi, 2003; doili, 1986;
tors micemuli hqonda dro brofi, 1996; gudi da brofi;
imisaTvis, rom Seemowmebina, mis 2003).
jgufSi yvelam gaigo da CainiSna qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti aCven-
Tu ara davaleba. Tu romelime ebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba moswavle-
jgufSi Tavs iCenda gaugebrobe- Ta gadaadgilebasa da gakveTilis
bi an sirTuleebi, am jgufis SewyvetasTan dakavSirebul qcevaze
organizatori daxmarebisaTvis moswavleTa yuradRebis mipyroba
qalbaton limas mimarTavda. zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis
 wesebi da procedurebi 27

daw­yebiT safexurze: • xanZarsa da ubedur SemTxvevaze

reagireba;
qalbaton suansons klasSi • qceva sadilze, Sesvenebis dros
hqonda didi flipCarti, la­ (ix. emeri da sxvebi, 2003; doi-
minirebuli furclebiT. Ti- li, 1986; brofi, 1996; gudi da
Toeul gverdze Camowerili brofi, 2003).
iyo moswavleTa gadaadgileba-
qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti aCven-
sa da gakveTilis SewyvetasTan
ebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba moswavle-
dakavSirebuli wesebi da pro-
Ta gadaadgilebasa da gakveTilis
cedurebi; isini exeboda iseT
SewyvetasTan dakavSirebul qcevaze
sakiTxebs, rogorebicaa: sapir-
moswavleTa yuradRebis mipyroba
fareSoSi gasvla, Sexvedrebsa
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis sa-
da jgufur RonisZiebebze was-
bazo safexurze:
vla. TiToeul gverdze uSua-
lod teqsturi nawilis garda,
qalbatoni bono amCnevda, rom
iyo suraTebic. am suraTebs
Zalian rTuli iyo moswavlee-
axali moswavleebi yovel wels
bis yuradRebis mipyroba, roca
xatavdnen. ilustraciebi mian-
usafrTxoebis procedurebisa
iSnebda wesisa Tu proceduris
da wesebis Sesaxeb saubrobda.
yvelaze mniSvnelovan nawilze.
maswavlebels iseve uWirda mo-
drodadro qalbatoni suansoni
swavleebis yuradRebis mipyro-
romelime moswavles sTxovda
ba, rogorc stuardesas uWirs,
xolme, xsenebuli flipCartis
aiZulos TviTmfrinavis xSiri
daxmarebiT, klasisaTvis war-
mgzavrebi, rom mousminon mas,
moedgina konkretul sakiTxTan
roca stiuardesa usafrTxoe-
dakavSirebuli wesebi. aseve,
bis wesebs xsnis. erT dRes qal-
qalbatoni suansoni klass mo-
baton bonos gaaxsenda Zveli
swavleTa saqcielis Sefasebas
filmi, romelSic aCvenebdnen,
xsenebuli wesebis mixedviT
Tu rogor unda SeZvres moswav-
sTxovda. es maswavlebels saSu-
le merxis qveS, roca birTvuli
alebas aZlevda, waexalisebina
iaraRis gamoyenebiT xorciel-
kargi saqcieli da reagireba
deba Seteva. maswavlebelma
moexdina problemebze. flip-
gadawyvita, moswavleebisaTvis
Cartis pirvel gverdze ki ew-
es filmi eCvenebina. am gadaw-
era: `ras unda vakeTebde axla?~
yvetilebam sasikeTo Sedegi
ase rom, mTeli dRis manZilze
gamoiRo. moswavleebi film-
moswavleebi swored am warw-
ma gamoacocxla. qalbatonma
eras xedavdnen.
bonom ki ganacxada: `axla xom
xedavT, ra filmebs vuyurebdi
zogadsaganmanaTleblo sko-
me, roca Tqveni asakis viyavi.
lis sabazo safexurze moswavleTa
bevri ram Seicvala. modiT,
gadaadgilebasa da gakveTilis Sew-
vimsjeloT im procedurebze,
yvetasTan dakavSirebuli wesebi da
romlebic ar Secvlila da im
procedurebi, Cveulebriv, Semdeg
procedurebzec, romlebmac
sakiTxebs exeba xolme:
mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi gan-
• oTaxidan gasvla; icada im droidan moyolebuli,
• oTaxSi dabruneba; roca me Tqvenxela viyavi”.
28 klasis marTva

u masala da mowyobilobebi rogorebicaa: ganawileba, Seg­

roveba, Senaxva. imisaTvis, rom
bevr saskolo saganSi Zalian mniS- moswavleebs kargad gaeazrebi­
vnelovania masala da mowyobilobe- naT es roli, batoni breisoni
bi. saxelmZRvaneloebi TiTqmis maT avarjiSebda sam gansxvave­
yvela saganSi gamoiyeneba, Tumca, baze, romelic masalebis Senax­
saxelmZRvaneloebis garda, xSirad vis adgils ukavSirdeba: Tqveni,
saWiroa laboratoriuli mowyo- Cemi da Cveni. Tqveni erqva im
biloba, SemoqmedebiTi masala, in- masalas, romelic moswavlis
formaciuli teqnologiebi da a.S. merxebze elaga da romelsac
Cveulebriv, aseTi masalisa da mow- kapitani ar unda Sexeboda. Cemi
yobilobebis gamoyenebasa da Secv- erqva batoni breisonis masa­
las garkveuli wesebi da proce- las, romelsac moswavleebi ar
durebi aregulirebs. unda Sexebodnen. Cveni ki iyo
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis yvela danarCeni masala, romel­
dawyebiT safexurze masalasa da ic kapitans unda gaenawilebina,
mowyobilobebTan dakavSirebuli Seegrovebina da Seenaxa. yvela
wesebi da procedurebi, rogorc moswavle, romelic `masalis
wesi, Semdeg sakiTxebs exeba xolme: kapitnis~ rols iTavsebda, kar­
• masalis ganawileba; gad iazrebda am gansxvavebebs.
• masalis Sekreba; moswavleebs esmodaT, rom ba­
• masalis Senaxva; toni breisoni maTgan am proce­
• maswavleblis magida da sacavi; durebis dacvas eloda. `Tqven
• moswavleTa merxebi da sacavi; kapitnebi xarT, xolo me _ admi­
• wylis onkanis, niJarisa da fan- rali”, xSirad xumrobda xolme
qris saTlelis gamoyeneba (ix. maswavlebeli.
everToni da sxvebi, 2003; doi-
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis
li, 1986; brofi, 1996; gudi da
sabazo safexurze masalasa da mow-
brofi, 2003).
yobilobebTan dakavSirebuli wese-
qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti aCve- bi da procedurebi, rogorc wesi,
nebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba saswavlo Semdeg sakiTxebs exeba xolme:
masalasTan da mowyobilobebTan
• masalis ganawileba;
dakavSirebul wesebsa da proce-
• masalis Segroveba;
durebze moswavleTa yuradRebis
• saerTo masalis Senaxva (ix. emeri
mipyroba zogadsaganmanaTleblo
da sxvebi, 2003; doili, 1986;
skolis dawyebiT safexurze:
brofi, 1996; gudi da brofi,
batoni breisoni moswavleebs 2003).
TanamSromlobiT jgufeb­ qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti aCve-
Si amuSavebda. aseT jgufSi nebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba saswav-
erT-erTi roli iyo `masalis lo masalasa da mowyobilobebTan
kapitnis~ roli. yovel kviras dakavSirebul wesebsa da proce-
`masalis kapitani~ icvleboda. durebze moswavleTa yuradRebis
moswavle, romelic mocemul mipyroba zogadsaganmanaTleblo
kviraSi am rols asrulebda, skolis sabazo safexurze:
pasuxismgebeli iyo masalebTan
dakavSirebul yvela saqmeze, baton Telers mravalwlianma
 wesebi da procedurebi 29

gamocdilebam uCvena, rom maR- moswavleTa damokidebulebaze (ix.

alklaselebsac ki, roca isini slavini, 1995; jonsoni da jonsoni,
sabunebismetyvelo mecniere- 1999; nastasi da qlemenTsi, 1991).
bis gakveTilze laboratoriul es dadebiTi zegavlena ZiriTadad
muSaobas iwyeben da asruleben, ganpirobebulia imiT, rom moswav-
monitoringi sWirdebaT. mow- leebs interaqciis meti saSualeba
yobilobebis distribucia da eZlevaT. Tumca, mniSvnelovania
Senaxva-dabinaveba sapasuxismge- imis gaTvaliswineba, rom Tanam-
blo saqmea. am saqmianobis moni- SromlobiTi swavlebis efeqtur-
toringis uzrunvelsayofad, obisaTvis aucilebelia garkveuli
batonma Telerma fotografiis wesebisa da procedurebis dacva.
maswavlebels sTxova daxmareba; zogadsaganmanaTleblo sko-
am ukanasknels mowyobilobebi- lis dawyebiT safexurze jgufur
sa da masalisaTvis maSin unda muSaobasTan dakavSirebuli wesebi
gadaeRo fotoebi, roca yve- da procedurebi, rogorc wesi, Sem-
laferi Tavis adgilas ido. deg sakiTxebs exeba:
batonma Telerma es fotoebi
• jgufSi Sesvla da jgufidan
posterebad aqcia da masala-
gamosvla;
mowyobilobebis Senaxvis adg-
• moswavlis qceva jgufSi muSao-
ilebTan dakida. posterebi
bisas;
moswavleebs masalis sworad
• im moswavleTa qceva, romlebic
dalagebaSi exmarebodaT. dro-
jgufSi ar Sedian;
dadro batoni Teleri ramden-
• jgufis komunikacia maswavle-
ime posterze iumoristul fo-
belTan (ix. everTsoni da sxvani,
tos akravda, romelsac inter-
2003; doili, 1986; brofi, 1996;
netidan iRebda. Tu moswavleebi
gudi da brofi, 2003).
am fotos ver SeniSnavdnen da
komentars ar akeTebdnen, ba- qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti aCven-
toni Teleri askvnida, rom maT ebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba jgufur
posterisaTvis ar SeuxedavT. muSaobasTan dakavSirebul weseb-
aseT SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli sa da procedurebze moswavleTa
moswavleebs zrdilobianad, yuradRebis mipyroba zogadsa-
Tumca mkacrad axsenebda, rom ganmanaTleblo skolis dawyebiT
aucilebeli iyo masala-mowyo- safexurze:
bilobebis posteris mixedviT
dabinaveba. qalbatoni uesTerbergi yov-
elTvis erideboda jgufuri
muSaobis gamoyenebas klasSi
u jgufuri muSaoba manam, sanam ar gaiara treningi
imis Taobaze, Tu rogor unda
jgufuri muSaoba, gansakuTrebiT moxdes jgufuri muSaobisas
TanamSromlobiTi swavleba, swav- drois maqsimalurad efeqturi
lebis Zalian efeqtur meTods war- gamoyeneba. am treningis Semdeg
moadgens. kvlevebi adasturebs, rom maswavlebelma gaiazra, rom war-
TanamSromlobiTi swavleba dadebiT sulSi arasodes ucdia, moswav-
zegavlenas axdens moswavlis akade- leebisaTvis kargad aexsna, Tu
miur moswrebaze, saskolo urTier- rogor qcevas iTxovda maTgan.
Tobebsa da swavlis procesisadmi axla, roca qalbatoni uesTer-
30 klasis marTva

bergi jgufuri muSaobis meTods qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti aCven-

iyenebs, muSaobis dasawyisSi ebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba jgufur
da bolos, yovelTvis uTmobs muSaobasTan dakavSirebul weseb-
garkveul dros moswavleTaTvis sa da procedurebze moswavleTa
wesebisa da procedurebis axsnas yuradRebis mipyroba zogadsagan-
da, maTTan dakavSirebiT, moswav- manaTleblo skolis sabazo safex-
leTa komentarebisa da SeniSvne- urze:
bis mosmenas. magaliTad, erT-
erTi wesia `Cemamde ori”, rac batonma frostma da qalbaton-
gulisxmobs Semdegs: moswavlem, ma sevorim aRiares, rom wels
sanam maswavlebels daukavSird- gansakuTrebiT siamovnebdaT
eba, daxmarebisaTvis, sul cota, me-8 klaselebTan muSaoba, rad-
or Tanaklasels unda mimarTos. gan aqtiurad iyenebdnen jgu-
axali proeqtis dasawyisSi qal- fur muSaobas. aseTi muSaobis
batoni uesTerbergi yovelTvis erT-erTi upiratesoba iyo is,
axsenebs moswavleebs am wess da rom, jgufuri muSaobisas, Sei-
uxsnis, Tu raoden mniSvnelo- Zleboda rolebis gaTamaSeba
vania erTmaneTis daxmareba. moswavleTa qcevis Sesaxeb. ra
yoveli dRis bolos, moswav- aris dasaSvebi da ra ara? am
leebma TavianT saswavlo dRi- SekiTxvaze pasuxebis gaazre-
urSi unda aRniSnon: a) rogor bisaTvis rolebis gaTamaSeba
miiRes daxmareba jgufis sxva Zalian kargi meTodi aRmoC-
wevrisagan. b) rogor daexmarnen nda. TanamSromlobiTi muSao-
erTmaneTs. moswavleebi yovel bis dros moswavleebi jgufSi
dRe acnoben TavianT jgufis rolebs inawilebdnen: Canaw-
wevrebs wina gakveTilTan dakav- erebis gamkeTebeli, drois me-
SirebiT gakeTebul Canawerebs. nejeri, davalebaze muSaobis
es maT saSualebas aZlevs, gaiaz- xelmZRvaneli, TviTSefasebis
ron, Tu ra aris pozitiuri maT specialisti. muSaobis dawye-
muSaobaSi da risi gamosworeba bamde, ori maswavlebeli `gaz-
sWirdebaT. viadebulad~ da `iumoristu-
lad~ warmoadgenda TiToeul
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis rolTan dakavSirebul pasux-
sabazo safexurze jgufur muSao- ismgeblobebs. Zalian saxaliso
basTan dakavSirebuli wesebi da iyo qalbatoni sevoris mosme-
procedurebi, rogorc wesi, Semdeg na, roca man axsna, Tu rogor
sakiTxebs exeba xolme: SeiZleba gadaiqces davalebaze
muSaobis xelmZRvaneli diqta-
• jgufSi Sesvla da jgufidan
torad: `hei, Tqven! imuSaveT.
gamosvla;
nu zarmacobT! Cemi Sesasrule-
• jgufis lideroba da rolebis
beli samuSaoc gaakeTeT. me var
ganawileba;
aq mmarTveli~. Semdeg qalba-
• jgufis urTierToba danarCen
toni sevori davalebaze muSao-
klasTan da sxva jgufebTan;
bis xelmZRvanelis realuri
• jgufis komunikacia maswavle-
suraTis daxatvas Seudga: `me
belTan (ix. emeri da sxvebi, 2003;
mgonia, rom davalebis ZiriTad
doili, 1986; brofi, 1996; gudi
amocanas vSordebiT. modiT,
da brofi, 2003).
kidev erTxel gadavxedoT Cvens
 wesebi da procedurebi 31

amocanas da zustad ganvsazRv- li wesebi da procedurebi, rogorc

roT, ras vakeTebT Semdeg~. ase- wesi, Semdeg sakiTxebs exeba xolme:
Ti modelirebis saSualebiT,
• prezentaciisadmi moswavleTa
moswavleebi mixvdnen, Tu ra
yuradRebis mipyroba;
pasuxismgeblobebi ekisreboda
• moswavleTa CarTuloba;
TiToeul maTgans.
• moswavleTa Soris saubari;
• daxmarebis moTxovna da miReba;
u tradiciuli swavleba, • moswavleTa qceva, roca isini ar
romelsac mTlianad sxedan sakuTar merxTan;
maswavlebeli uZRveba • qceva muSaobis dasrulebis Sem-
deg (ix. everTsoni da sxvebi,
miuxedavad imisa, rom jgufu- 2003; doili, 1986; brofi, 1996;
ri muSaoba, gansakuTrebiT, Tanam- gudi da brofi, 2003).
SromlobiTi swavleba, Zalian efeq-
turia, zogadsaganmanaTleblo sko­ qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti aCven-
lis dawyebiT da sabazo klasebSi ebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba maswavle-
aqtiurad gamoiyeneba tradiciuli blis mier warmarTul muSaobasTan
swavleba, romelsac mTlianad mas- dakavSirebul wesebsa da proce-
wavlebeli uZRveba (qarnini da qa- durebze moswavleTa yuradRebis
menui, 1992; doili, 1990; gudi da mipyroba zogadsaganmanaTleblo
brofi, 1994). garkveuli unarebis skolis dawyebiT safexurze:
gasaumjobeseblad, saerTo saklaso
muSaoba zogjer namdvilad sasarge- qalbatoni somerseTi xSirad
bloa, iseve, rogorc moswavleTa exmareboda Tavis moswavleebs,
individualuri muSaoba (anderso- roca isini sakuTar merxebTan
ni, rederi da saimoni, 1995, 1996). muSaobdnen. wels misi meTode-
Tomas gudi da jere brofi (2003) bi ratomRac efeqturi aRar
weren: aRmoCnda. TiTqos moswavleebs
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba
Cven TanamSromlobiTi swav- sWir­debodaT. ufro metic,
lebis momxre varT, Tumca... roca moTxovnisTanave ver
SeuZlebelia, TanamSromlobiT- iRebdnen maswavleblis dax-
ma swavlebam mTlianad Caanacv- marebas, xelebis qnevasa da xma-
los tradiciuli, mTel klasze maRal wuwuns iwyebdnen, xSirad
gaTvlili swavlebis meTodebi. sakuTar adgilsac tovebdnen.
saWiroa, mTeli klasis swav- qalbatonma somerseTma am prob-
lebas mohyvebodes aqtivobebi, lemuri situaciis aRmofxvra
romlebic patara jgufebSi feradi baraTebis gamoyenebiT
moswavleTa TanamSromlobiT gadawyvita. TiToeul moswav-
muSaobas gulisxmobs. (gv. 288) les mwvane, yviTeli da wiTeli
baraTebi dauriga. roca moswav-
tradiciuli swavleba, romel- le damoukideblad muSaobda,
sac mTlianad maswavlebeli uZRve- mas merxze mwvane baraTi unda
ba, ZiriTadad, moswavleTa merx- daedo. es iyo miniSneba imaze,
Tan jdomas gulisxmobs. zogadsa- rom man ukve damoukidebeli
ganmanaTleblo skolis dawyebiT muSaoba daiwyo. Tu davaleb-
safexurze maswavleblis mier war- is Sesrulebis procesSi mos-
marTul muSaobasTan dakavSirebu- wavles raRac gauWirdeboda
32 klasis marTva

an SekiTxva daebadeboda, mas mier warmarTul muSaobasTan dakav-

merxze yviTeli baraTi unda Sirebul wesebsa da procedurebze
daedo da muSaoba gaegrZelebi- moswavleTa yuradRebis mipyroba
na, sanam masTan qalbatoni som- zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis sa-
erseTi ar mividoda dasaxmare- bazo safexurze:
blad. iyo SemTxvevebi, roca
moswavle SekiTxvaze pasuxs batoni uimfli socialur mec-
maswavleblis misvlamde, Tavad nierebebs aswavlida; is ar
poulobda. Tu aseTi situacia iyenebda bevr wessa da proce-
Seiqmneboda, moswavles yviTeli duras, radgan amis saWiroe-
baraTi mwvaniT unda Seecvala. bas ver grZnobda. moswavleebi
aseT SemTxvevaSi moswavle mas- normalurad iqceodnen mis
wavleblis mxridan Seqebas im- mier warmarTuli jgufuri Tu
saxurebda. mxolod im SemTx- individualuri muSaobis dros.
vevaSi debda moswavle merxze erTaderTi problema, razec
wiTel baraTs, Tu mas Zalian batoni uimfli wuxda, is gax-
mniSvnelovani SekiTxva hqonda ldaT, rom, jgufuri muSaobis
da maswavleblis daxmarebis ga- dros, zogierTi moswavle gac-
reSe davalebaze muSaobas ver ilebiT mets laparakobda, vi-
gaagrZelebda. aseT SemTxveva- dre sxvebi. batoni uimfli, ra
Sic ki, moswavle usaqmod ar Tqma unda, ar apirebda aqtiuri
unda darCeniliyo da qalbato- moswavleebis enTuziazmis Cax-
ni somerseTis misvlamde wigni Sobas, magram surda, SedarebiT
unda ekiTxa. feradi baraTe- pasiuri moswavleebic gaeaqti-
bis gamoyeneba qalbatoni som- urebina. am miznis misaRwevad,
erseTis pedagogiuri muSaobis maswavlebelma moswavleebisaT-
ganuyofel nawilad iqca. vis pokeris saTamaSo monete-
bis darigeba daiwyo. TiToeul
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis moswavles, diskusiis xangr-
sabazo safexurze maswavleblis Zlivobis mixedviT, ramdenime
mier warmarTul muSaobasTan dakav- moneta xvdeboda. saubris daw-
Sirebuli wesebi da procedurebi, yebamde moswavles erTi mon-
rogorc wesi, Semdeg sakiTxebs ex- eta specialur yuTSi unda Cae-
eba xolme: gdo. roca moswavles monetebi
gauTavdeboda, mas mxolod
• prezentaciisadmi moswavleTa
mosmenis uflebaRa rCeboda.
yuradRebis mipyroba;
gakveTilis dasasrulisken, Tu
• moswavleTa CarTuloba;
romelime moswavles monetebi
• moswavleTa Soris saubari;
xelSi darCeboda, batoni uim-
• daxmarebis moTxovna da miReba;
fli mas individualur SekiTx-
• moswavleTa qceva, roca isini ar
vebs usvamda da ase rTavda
sxedan sakuTar merxTan;
diskusiis procesSi. Sedegad,
• qceva muSaobis dasrulebis Sem-
jgufur aqtivobaSi pasiuri
deg (ix. emeri da sxvebi, 2003;
moswavleebi ufro gaaqtiurd-
doili, 1986; brofi, 1996; gudi
nen, xolo aqtiurebi ki ufro
da brofi, 2003).
dakvirvebiT akeTebdnen komen-
qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti aCvenebs, tars, raTa monetebi fuWad ar
Tu rogor SeiZleba maswavleblis gaeflangaT.
 wesebi da procedurebi 33

rekomendacia 2 q auxsnas da magaliTebi moiSvelios.

moswavleebs unda mieceT saSu-
CarTeT moswavleebi wesebisa da aleba, kargad ganixilon maswavle-
procedurebis Camoyalibebis blis mier SemoTavazebuli wesebi
procesSi da procedurebi, Camoayalibon
alternatiuli wesebi, gaakeTon
wesebsa da procedurebTan Sesworebebi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
dakavSirebuli meore rekomenda- moswavleebs ar esmiT, ra saWiroa
cia gulisxmobs moswavleTa CarT- esa Tu is wesi, maswavlebelma sak-
vas wesebisa da procedurebis Se- marisi dro unda daxarjos, raTa
muSavebis procesSi. rogorc kvle­ maT konkretuli wesis aucileblo-
vebisa da Teoriis qveTavSi aRin- ba gaagebinos. idealuri situacia
iSna, klasis efeqturi mmarTvelebi Seiqmneba, Tu jgufuri diskusiis
moswavleebs klasSi qcevis wesebs Sedegad, maswavlebeli da moswav-
Tavs rodi axveven; piriqiT, isini leebi wesisa Tu proceduris kom-
uzrunvelyofen moswavleTa aqti- promisul variantze SeTanxmdebian.
ur CarTulobas wesebisa da proce- Tu es ase ar moxda, maswavlebels
durebis SemuSavebis procesSi. aqvs gadamwyveti sityvis ufleba.
sanam moswavleebTan konkre- Tavad is faqti, rom diskusia Sedga,
tuli wesebisa da procedurebis moswavleebs agebinebs, rom maswav-
ganxilvas daiwyebT, mniSvnelovania lebels aqvs survili, moisminos da
maTTvis imis axsna, rom wesebisa da gaiTvaliswinos maTi mosazrebebi.
procedurebis morCileba yovel- qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti aCvenebs,
dRiur cxovrebaSi TiTqmis yvela Tu rogor SeiZleba klasSi aseTi
situacias sWirdeba. moswavleebis diskusiis warmarTva:
umetesobisaTvis advilad gasage-
batonma uaiTsaidma gakveTileb-
bi iqneba Semdegi magaliTi: roca
is dawyebis pirvel dRes klasSi
saxlSi stumrebi gvyavs sadilad
kedlebze didi zomis qaRaldebi
mowveuli, garkveul wesebs vemor-
dakida. TiToeul qaRaldze ew-
CilebiT da im situaciisagan gan-
era Svidi mniSvnelovani wesidan
sxvavebulad viqceviT, roca mxo­
erT-erTi. moswavleebi jgufe-
lod ojaxis wevrebTan erTad vsa-
bad daiyvnen. maswavlebelma
dilobT. aseve, moswavleebisaTvis
TiToeul jgufs mcire zomis
TvalsaCino iqneba Semdegi magal-
webovani qaRaldebi dauriga da
iTic: eklesiaSi qceva sruliad gan-
sTxova, wakiTxvis Semdeg maTze
sxvavdeba Cveni qcevisagan saxlSi
sakuTari mosazrebebi CaeniS-
da, Sesabamisad, mas garkveuli wese-
naT da didi zomis furclebze
bi aregulirebs. aseTi magaliTebi,
(Sesabamisi wesis qveS) miekraT.
romlebic skolis gareT qcevas
moswavleebs Tanxmoba im SemTx-
exeba, karg dasawyiss warmoadgens
vevaSi unda mieweraT, Tu wesis
wesebisa da procedurebis aucile-
mocemuli formulireba akmay-
blobis arsis wvdomisaTvis.
ofilebdaT. aseve, SeeZloT, am
Semdeg maswavlebelma SeiZleba
furclebze wesTan dakavSire-
daiwyos moswavleTaTvis im wesebisa
buli konkretuli SeniSvnebi
da procedurebis gacnoba, romel-
daeweraT. roca yvela jgufma
ic man ukve SeimuSava. moswavleebs
daasrula muSaoba, maswavle-
TiToeuli wesi da procedura unda
beli TiToeul wesTan mivida
34 klasis marTva

da moswavleTa mier gakeTebuli wesebis dacva ukve yvela mos-

SeniSvnebi waikiTxa. im SemTx- wavles moeTxoveboda.
vevaSi, Tu SeniSvnebSi sruli
erTsulovneba dafiqsirdebo-
da, maswavlebeli hpirdeboda Sejameba
moswavleebs, rom SeniSvnas saklaso wesebi da procedurebi
gaiTvaliswinebda. xolo Tu Zalze mniSvnelovani da gansxvave-
mosazrebebi erTmaneTisagan bulia sxvadasxva klasSi. wesebi da
Zalian gansxvavdeboda, batoni procedurebi iyofa kategoriebad,
uaiTsaidi sTxovda TiToeul rogorebicaa: qcevasTan dakavSire-
jgufs, sityvierad aexsna saku- buli molodini, sagakveTilo dRis
Tari mosazreba. diskusiis Sem- an saswavlo periodis dasawyisi da
deg, maswavlebelma ganacxada, dasasruli, gakveTilis Sewyveta,
rom Seecdeboda moswavleTa masala da mowyobilobebi, jgufuri
Sexedulebebis gaTvaliswine- muSaoba da tradiciuli swavleba,
bas. ramdenime dRis Semdeg, ba- romelsac mTlianad maswavlebeli
tonma uaiTsaidma moswavleebs uZRveba. romeli kategoriis wessa
wesebis Sesworebuli variante- da procedurasac ar unda exebodes
bi warmoudgina. zogi moswavle saqme, maTi SemuSavebis procesSi
kmayofili darCa, zogi _ arc moswavleebis CarTuloba gansa-
ise kmayofili. am dRis Semdeg kuTrebiT mniSvnelovania.
3
...
d is c ip l in is gau m jo b e s e b aze
m im a r T u l i R o n is Z ie b e b i

disciplinasTan dakavSirebuli ani, faueli da qolbe, 1995). qoToni

sakiTxebi yvela maswavlebels (1990) askvnis, rom saklaso drois
aRelvebs. rogorc j. ron nel- mxolod naxevari eTmoba swavlebas,
soni, ron marTela da benita ga- meore naxevari ki TiTqmis mTli-
landi (1998) aRniSnaven, gelapis anad disciplinis darRvevis SemTx-
yovelwliuri gamokiTxvis mixed- vevebze ixarjeba.
viT, sazogadoeba miiCnevs, rom, mniSvnelovania, aRvniSnoT, rom
dReisdReobiT, skolebis erT-erTi disciplinis gaumjobesebaze mi-
yvelaze seriozuli problema dis- marTuli RonisZiebebis gatareba
ciplinis naklebobaa. gelapi dis- mxolod maswavleblis pasuxismge-
ciplinis sakiTxs skolis doneze blobas ar warmoadgens. rogorc
ganixilavs, yvelaze mwvave prob- me-8 TavSi aRvniSnavT, efeqturi
lemebi ki klasis doneze iCens xol- disciplina klasisa da, zogadad,
me Tavs. kvlevebiT dadasturebuli skolis efeqturi marTvis Sedegia.
SemaSfoTebeli tendencia SemdegSi am TavSi ki ganvixilavT im konkre-
mdgomareobs: maswavleblebs mi- tul RonisZiebebs, romlebic, dis-
aCniaT, rom isini, rogorc wesi, ar ciplinis gaumjobesebis mizniT,
arian mzad, gaumklavdnen disci- individualurma maswavlebelma
plinis darRvevebs. maswavleblebi, SeiZleba gamoiyenos. ufro konkre-
aseve, aRiareben, rom disciplinis tulad, Cven im meTodebs aRvwerT,
darRveva Zalian uaryofiT zegav- romlebic maswavleblebs SeuZliaT
lenas axdens swavlisa da swavlebis gamoiyenon maSin, rodesac moswav-
procesze (furlongi, morisoni da leebi ar icaven me-2 Tavis mixedviT
deari, 1994; louri, sliti, dunk- dadgenil wesebsa da procedurebs.

35
36 klasis marTva

da quirozma daadgines, rom disci-

kvlevebi da Teoria plinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli
RonisZiebebis gatarebam disci-
zogierTi fiqrobs, rom disci-
plinis darRvevebis Semcireba gam-
plinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli
oiwvia, sxvadasxva kvlevis far-
RonisZiebebi ara mxolod araefeq-
glebSi eqsperimentSi monawile
turia, aramed uaryofiTi zegav-
moswavleTa 80%-Si. sTeijisa da
lenac ki SeiZleba moaxdinos mos-
quirozis mier identificirebuli
wavleTa qcevasa da akademiur mo-
disciplinuri darRvevis aRkveTis
swrebaze. alfi qoni am mosazrebis
oTxi kategoria Cveni diskusiisaT-
Sesaxeb Tavis ramdenime naSromSi
vis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania.
wers (ix. qoni, 1993, 1996). disci-
es kategoriebia: 1) waxaliseba/dag-
plinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli
moba; 2) dasja; 3) aranairi reaqcia;
RonisZiebebisadmi undoblobas
4) waxaliseba/dagmobis kombinacia
qoni dasjis Sesaxeb qvemoT moyva-
dasjasTan.
nil amonaridSic aaSkaravebs:
disciplinuri meTodebi, rom-
rogor vsjiT bavSvebs? CamovT- lebic sTeijisa da quirozis klas-
valoT bavSvTa dasjis meTode- ifikaciaSi waxaliseba/dagmobis
bi. Cven maT `vapatimrebT”: mo- saxeliT moixsenieba, gulisxmobs
viTxovT maTgan, rom ar dato- misabaZi qcevisaTvis aRiarebasa
von sakuTari oTaxi; gardama- da Seqebas, xolo dauSvebeli qce-
vali asakis axalgazrdebs ar visaTvis _ dagmobasa da aRkveTas.
vuSvebT saxlidan; vaxdenT maT dasja gulisxmobs negatiur reaq-
izolacias sxvadasxva meTodiT cias moswavlis araswor qcevaze.
(1993, gv. 165). saxelwodebidan gamomdinare, ara­
nairi reaqcia, sTeijisa da quiro-
Tumca qoni da misi Tanamoazree- zis klasifikaciis mixedviT, niSnavs
bi svamen ramdenime mniSvnelovan imas, rom moswavlis dauSvebel qce-
sakiTxs (ix. vlodkovski, 1982), vas maswavleblis mxridan reagireba
romelic exeba disciplinuri sasje- ar mohyveba. Tumca, igive kategoria
lis zomebis araswor gamoyenebas ar gamoricxavs maswavleblis mier
da dasjaze zedmeti imedebis dam- moswavlis gafrTxilebas mosalod-
yarebas, kvlevebi kategoriulad ar neli araswori qcevis aRsakveTad.
uaryofs disciplinis gaumjobese- magaliTad, maswavlebelma zed-
baze mimarTul meTodebs. ufro metad impulsur moswavles SeiZle-
metic, kvlevebi da Teoria adas- ba Seaxsenos, rom man sakuTari Tavi
turebs, rom saukeTesoa dabalanse- unda gaakontrolos. da bolos,
buli midgoma, romelic mravali kategoria waxaliseba/dagmobis
sxvadasxva meTodis gamoyenebiT mi- kom­binacia dasjasTan gulisxmobs
iRweva. sailustraciod gTavazobT misabaZi qcevisaTvis aRiarebasa da
skot sTeijisa da devid quirozis Seqebas, xolo negatiur reaqcias
(1997) metaanalizs, romelSic 99 dauSvebel qcevaze. diagrama 3.1-ze
calkeuli kvlevis Sedegia gaer- naCvenebia efeqtis sidideebi Ti-
Tianebuli. am metaanalizSi gakeTe- Toeuli am kategoriis mimarT.
bulia 200 eqsperimentuli Sedareba diagrama 3.1-ze moyvanil mo-
da cdis pirTa mTliani raodenoba nacemebSi ori mniSvnelovani as-
5 000 moswavles Seadgens. sTeijma peqti unda gamovyoT. pirveli, ara-
nairi reaqcia, moswavlis misabaZ
 disciplinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli RonisZiebebi 37

diagrama 3.1
sTeijisa da quirozis kvlevis Sedegebi
disciplinis gaumjobesebaze
mimarTuli RonisZiebebis efeqtis saSualo efeqtis sidideTa procentilis
kategoriebi sidide  raodenoba kleba

waxaliseba/dagmobis
-0. 97 12 33
kombinacia dasjasTan

waxaliseba/dagmoba -0. 86 101 31

dasja -0. 78 40 28

aranairi reaqcia -0. 64 70 24

wyaro: monacemebi amoRebulia skot sTeijisa da devid quirozis (1997) metaanalizidan.
Tu dauSvebel saqcielze, efeqtis jorj bearma (1998), kvlevebis mi-
yvelaze dabali saSualo sididiT moxilvis Semdeg, daaskvna, rom
(-0.64) gamoirCeva. aseTi Sedegi kvlevebi mxolod dasjis zomieri
intuiciuradac advili misaxvedri formebis efeqturobas aRiarebs.
iqneboda, radgan adamianebi yve- zogadad, skot sTeijisa da
laze kargad iqcevian maSin, roca devid quirozis metaanalizi adas-
maTi saqcielis Sefasebis garkveu- turebs, rom disciplinis gaum-
li meqanizmi funqcionirebs. aseTi jobesebaze mimarTuli RonisZiebe-
meqanizmi misabaZ qcevas dauSvebeli bi dadebiT Sedegs iZleva. metaana-
qcevisagan unda ganasxvavebdes. lizis daskvnebidan gamomdinare,
metaanalizis daskvnas amyarebs sTeiji da quirozi (1997) weren:
andi mileris, eamon fergusonisa
da raSel simfsonis (1998) litera- es metaanalizi aCvenebs, rom
turis mimoxilvis Sedegad gakeTe- disciplinis gaumjobesebaze
buli daskvnebic: `cxadad ikveTeba, mi­marTuli RonisZiebebi war­
rom, kvlevebis Sedegebis mixedviT, ma­tebiT SeiZleba muSaobdes
skola unda eswrafvodes, miaRwios zogadsaganmanaTleblo saja­
`jansaR balanss~ Seqebasa da das- ro skolebSi... imedi gvaqvs,
jas Soris~ (gv. 56). metaanalizSi moyvanili das­
meore, upirispirdeba ra im kvnebi amsxvrevs miTs, rom
mkvle­varTa mosazrebebs, romlebic TiTqos SeuZlebelia klasis
miiCneven, rom dasjas ar SeiZleba efeqturi marTva da adasturebs
hqondes dadebiTi Sedegi, metaan- realobas, rom disciplinis ga­
alizi adasturebs, rom disci- umjobesebaze mimarTuli Ro­
plinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli nisZiebebi, romlebic aqtiurad
RonisZiebebi, romlebic dasjis gamoiyeneba Cvens skolebSi, am-
komponents Seicavs, efeqtis sak- cirebs disciplinis darRvevis
maod maRali saSualo sididiT SemTxvevebs (gv. 361 – 362).
gamoirCeva (-0.78). sayuradReboa,
mivaqcioT yuradReba erT gare- sTeijisa da quirozis daskvneb­
moebas: am metaanalizis daskvna ar ze dayrdnobiT, Cvens metaanalizSi
adasturebs imas, rom nebismieri kvlevebi disciplinuri darRvevebis
formis sasjeli misasalmebelia. aRmofxvraze mimarTuli RonisZie-
38 klasis marTva

diagrama 3.2
disciplinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli
RonisZiebebis efeqtis sidideebi
disciplinis
gaumjobesebaze efeqtis 95%-iani
mimarTuli saSualo ndobis cdis pirTa kvlevebis procentilis
RonisZiebis tipi sidide  intervali raodenoba  raodenoba  kleba

maswavleblis reaqcia -0.907-dan

-0.997 1191 25 34
-1.087-mde

nivTieri waxaliseba -0.669-dan

-0.823 672 20 29
-0.977-mde

dauyovnebeli saxdeli -0.309-dan

-0.569 243 7 21
-0.829-mde

jgufuri miRwevebi -0.781-dan

-0.981 417 13 34
-1.181-mde

mSoblebis reagireba -0.251-dan

-0.555 169 3 21
moswavlis qcevaze -0.858-mde

bebis xuTi kategoriis mixedviT rom meore svetSi moyvanili efeq-

davalageT. metaanalizis Sede- tis saSualo sidide efeqtis `re-
gebi moyvanilia diagrama 3.2-ze, aluri~ sididea, romelic kvleveb-
romelSic warmodgenilia xuTive Si yvela cdomilebis gamoricxvis
kategoriis RonisZiebebis efeqtis SemTxvevaSi dadgeboda. ganmarteb-
saSualo sidideebi. rogorc me-2 is mixedviT, ndobis yvela im inter-
TavSi aRvniSneT, 95%-iani ndobis valis, romelic 0.00-s ar Seicavs,
intervali, romelic mesame svetSia mniSvnelovnebis donea 0.05.
moyvanili, gviCvenebs, Tu ramdenad gamoiyofa disciplinis gaum-
SeiZleba viyoT darwmunebulni, jobesebaze mimarTul RonisZiebaTa

diagrama 3.3
disciplinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli RonisZiebebi: efeqtis
sidideebi zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis safexurebis mixedviT
zogadsaganmanaTleblo efeqtis 95%-iani
skolis safexuri saSualo ndobis cdis pirTa kvlevebis procentilis
sidide  intervali raodenoba  raodenoba  kleba

saSualo safexuri -0.527-dan

-0.694 562 7 25
-0.862-mde

sabazo safexuri -0.536-dan

-0.762 312 10 28
-0.987-mde

dawyebiTi safexuris -0.863-dan

-0.953 1926 33 33
bolo klasebi 1.1044-mde

dawyebiTi safexuri -0.884-dan

-1.046 622 18 35
-1.208-mde
 disciplinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli RonisZiebebi 39

xuTi kategoria: maswavleblis reaq- deba RonisZieba. ra Tqma unda, es

cia, nivTieri waxaliseba, dauyovne- daskvna ar gulisxmobs imas, rom
beli saxdeli, kriteriumebis jgu- zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis sa-
furi miRweva, mSoblebis reagireba Sualo safexurze disciplinis gaum-
moswavlis qcevaze. es RonisZiebebi jobesebaze mimarTuli RonisZiebe-
detaluradaa ganxiluli am Tavis bi araefeqturia. efeqtis saSualo
`rekomendaciebis~ nawilSi. axla ki sidide saSualo safexurisaTvis
SemovifarglebiT TiToeuli tipis (-0.694) disciplinis darRvevebis 25
mokle ganmartebiT: maswavleblis procentiliT Semcirebas gulisx-
reaqcia gulisxmobs maswavleblis mobs.
sityvier da fizikur moqmedebas, ase rom, disciplinis gaum-
romelic moswavles mianiSnebs, rom jobesebaze mimarTuli RonisZiebe-
misi qceva misabaZi an arasworia; bis gatareba moswavleTa mier dis-
nivTieri waxaliseba aerTianebs ciplinis darRvevis SemTxvevebis
im meTodebs, romlebic moswav- klebasTan asocirdeba. amas garda,
lis sanimuSo saqcielis aRiarebas sagulisxmoa mSoblebis damokideb-
simboluri saSualebis gamoyen- uleba; monacemebi adasturebs, rom
ebiT gulisxmobs; aseve, nivTieri mSoblebs konkretuli molodinebi
waxaliseba niSnavs moswavlisaT- aqvT skolis mimarT _ isini miiC-
vis simboluri jildos CamorTme- neven, rom skolam unda izrunos
vas im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is miuRebel maTi Svilis qcevis regulireba-
saqciels Caidens; dauyovnebeli ze. magaliTad, sabazo skolis mo-
saxdeli moicavs im RonisZiebebs, swavleTa mSoblebis gamokiTxva
romelTa farglebSic moswavlis adasturebs, rom `mSobelTa didi
araswor saqciels konkretuli nawili upiratesobas aniWebs sko-
RonisZiebebi mohyveba; kriteri­ las, romelic disciplinis dacvas
umebis jgufuri miRweva gulisx- samarTliani, mkacri, Tumca ara
mobs moswavleTa garkveuli jgu- daundobeli, meTodebiT uzrun-
fis valdebulebas, rom erToblivi velyofs~ (gv. 62). es gamokiTxva
ZalisxmeviT daakmayofilon qcevis Caatares jon qoldronma da fem
garkveuli kriteriumebi; mSobleb­ boulTonma (1996).
is reagireba moswavlis qcevaze sainteresoa moswavleTa mosaz-
moicavs im meTodebs, riTac mos- rebebis Semswavleli kvlevebis
wavlis qcevaze reagireba saxlis Sedegebic. araerTi kvleva Seis-
pirobebSi xdeba. rogorc diagrama wavlis moswavleTa Sexedulebebs
3.2-ze ikveTeba, disciplinis gaum- dasjisa da dajildoebis sxvadasx-
jobesebaze mimarTuli xuTive ti- va formasTan dakavSirebiT (Sarfi,
pis RonisZiebebis gatareba disci- ueldali da mereTi, 1987; hauToni,
plinis darRvevis SemTxvevebis Sem- mereTi da ueldali, 1988; qafini,
cirebasTan asocirdeba. 198; herofi da uiliamsi, 1992; mere-
metaanalizidan isic ikveTeba, Ti da Tengi, 1994; mileri, fergiu-
rom disciplinis gaumjobesebis soni da simfsoni, 1998). andi mil-
mizniT gatarebuli es RonisZiebebi erma, eamon fergiusonma da raSel
efeqturia zogadsaganmanaTleblo simfsonma (1998) gamoikiTxes zogad-
skolis yvela safexurze. diagrama saganmanaTleblo skolis dawyebiTi
3.3-ze naCvenebia, rom disciplinis safexuris 50-mde moswavle da maTi
maTi efeqturoba miT ufro maRa- mSoblebi; Seadares moswavleTa
lia, rac ufro dabal klasSi tar- da mSobelTa damokidebulebebi im
40 klasis marTva

diagrama 3.4
moswavleTa da mSobelTa damokidebuleba im RonisZiebebis
mimarT, romlebic skolaSi moswavleTa araswori saqcielis
aRmosafxvrelad tardeba
mSoblebis moswavleTa Sejamebuli
RonisZieba ganawileba ganawileba maCvenebeli

mSoblis informireba moswavlis mier

1 2 1.5
disciplinis darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT

moswavlis gagzavna skolis direqtorTan 2 5 3.5

maswavleblis mier moswavlisaTvis axsna (erTi

3 6 4.5
erTze), Tu ratom iyo es araswori saqcieli

maswavleblis mier moswavlisaTvis sajaro

4 4 4.0
SeniSvnis micema

maswavleblis mier moswavlisaTvis SeniSvnis

5 8 6.5
micema piradi saubrisas

moswavlisaTvis garTobis saSualebis armicema 6 9 7.5

maswavleblis mier klasis winaSe axsna imisa,

7 3 5.0
Tu ra aris problema

moswavlisaTvis saskolo eqskursiaSi

8 1 4.5
monawileobis akrZalva

moswavlisaTvis klasSi adgilis Secvla 9 10 9.5

moswavlis mier Seusrulebeli davalebis sxva

10 7 8.5
gakveTilze mitana
wyaro: adaptirebulia andi mileris, eamon fergiusonisa da raSel simfsonis naSromidan `jil-
doebisa da sanqciebis efeqturobis aRqma saganmanaTleblo skolis dawyebiT safexurze: mSobelTa
damokidebulebis warmoCena~, ganaTlebis fsiqologia, 18(1), 55-64, saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis
teilor & fransiss (1998), http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals

RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebiT, rom- mocemuli monacemebis ganxilva

lebic skolisa Tu maswavleblebis diagrama 3.5-ze dafiqsirebuli mo-
mier moswavleTa araswori saqcie- nacemebis mimarT. es ukanaskneli
lis aRmosafxvrelad tardeba. dia- gvawvdis informacias aRiarebis
grama 3.4-ze mocemulia mileris, im formebze, romlebic misaRebia
fergiusonisa da simfsonis kvlevis moswavleebisa da mSoblebisaTvis,
Sedegebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom ze- rogorc samagaliTo qcevis dasafa-
moT xsenebuli kvleva britaneTis sebeli RonisZiebebi. gaamaxvileT
skolebSi Catarda, SeiZleba viva- yuradReba Semdeg faqtze: diagrama
raudoT, rom am kuTxiT, britaneTi- 3.4-is mixedviT, mSoblebi Tvlian,
sa da amerikis SeerTebuli State- rom skolaSi moswavleTa araswori
bis skolebSi moswavleebi mcired saqcielis aRmosafxvrelad gatare-
gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan. bul RonisZiebaTa Soris yvelaze
sainteresoa diagrama 3.4-ze efeqturia mSoblis informireba
 disciplinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli RonisZiebebi 41

diagrama 3.5
moswavleTa da mSobelTa damokidebuleba im RonisZiebebis
mimarT, romlebic skolaSi moswavleTa samagaliTo qcevis
sapasuxod tardeba
RonisZieba mSoblebis moswavleTa Sejamebuli
ganawileba ganawileba maCvenebeli

mSoblebis informireba moswavleTa sanimuSo

1 2 1.5
qcevasTan dakavSirebiT

moswavlis mier kargi niSnis miReba 2 1 1.5

pozitiuri werilobiTi komentari moswavlis

3 3 3.0
davalebaze

moswavlis sanimuSo saqcielis aRiareba mTeli

4 6 5.0
klasis winaSe

moswavlis saxelis moxsenieba krebaze 5 4 4.5

moswavlis namuSevris gamofena 6 5 5.5

moswavlis Seqeba piradad gasaubrebisas 7 9 8.0

moswavlis Seqeba Tanatolebis mier 8 7 7.5

mTeli klasis Seqeba 9 8 8.5

wyaro: adaptirebulia andi mileris, eamon fergiusonisa da raSel simfsonis naSromidan `jil-
doebisa da sanqciebis efeqturobis aRqma saganmanaTleblo skolis dawyebiT safexurze: mSobelTa
damokidebulebis warmoCena~, ganaTlebis fsiqologia, 18(1), 55-64, saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis
teilor & fransiss (1998), http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
moswavlis mier disciplinis dar- saintereso Sedegebi gamoikveTa
RvevasTan dakavSirebiT. moswav- kvle­vaSi, romelic patricia qernim,
leTa damokidebulebac didad ar timoTi flaqsma da merlin ivim
gansxvavdeba mSoblebis midgomisa- (1991) Caatares. maT kolejis stu-
gan da isini am RonisZiebas efeq- dentebs maswavlebelTa araswori
turobis mixedviT meore adgilze saqcielis Sesaxeb dausves SekiTxve-
aTavseben. igive tendencia ikveTeba bi. mkvlevarebma moswavleebs sTxo­
diagrama 3.5-ze. mSoblebi miiCneven, ves, CamoeTvalaT maswavlebelTa
rom moswavleTa samagaliTo qcevis qcevis is maxasiaTeblebi, rac maT
Sesaxeb maTi informireba yvelaze miuReblad miaCndaT. 254-ma mos-
mniSvnelovania; moswavleebi im- wavlem Tavi mouyara 1762 magal-
ave RonisZiebas isev meore adgils iTs, Tu rogor ar unda iqceodes
uCenen. ase rom, am kvlevis Sedegeb- maswavlebeli. yvela SemTxveva maT
is mixedviT, mSoblebis informire- gamocdilebas efuZneboda. moswav-
ba aris efeqturi RonisZieba mos- leTaTvis miuRebel qcevaTa Soris
wavlis rogorc samagaliTo, ise aRmoCnda:
araswori qcevis dros.
• gakveTilis gacdena;
disciplinis gaumjobesebis
• koncentraciis moduneba;
mizniT gatarebul RonisZiebebze
• mecadineobis dasrulebis Semdeg
moswavleTa Sexedulebebis Sesaxeb
42 klasis marTva

moswavleTa datoveba; aixsnas iseTi faqtorebiT, rogore-

• moswavleTa gaSveba gakveTilis bicaa: TanatolTa zegavlena, gare-
dasrulebamde; mos zegavlena, genderuli gansx-
• mTavari sakiTxidan gadaxveva; vavebebi, gardamaval asakTan dakav-
• gakveTilze moumzadeblad da Sirebuli emociuri sirTuleebi
araorganizebulad misvla; (frai da gabrieli, 1994; sensoni,
• Sesworebuli davalebis moswav- fraiori, smarTi da oberqlaidi,
leTaTvis gvian dabruneba; 1993; zoqolilo, 1993).
• moswavleebisadmi sarkastuli da
Seuracxmyofeli damokidebu­le­
ba; programebi
• moswavleTa sityvieri Seurac­
xyofa; am qveTavSi aRwerilia disci-
• aragonivruli wesebis damkvid­ plinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTu-
reba; li mxolod ori programa, esenia:
• moswavleTa SekiTxvebis ignori- fiqris dro da mkacri disciplina
reba; (zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi
• moswavleTaTvis seqsualuri Se­ gamocdili sxva efeqturi pro-
u­racxyofis miyeneba; gramebis mimoxilvas gaecnobiT Sem-
• apaTia moswavleTa mimarT; deg naSromebSi: brofi, 1996; nel-
• arasamarTliani Sefaseba; soni, marTela da galandi, 1998;
• uaryofiTi pirovnuli Tvisebe­ beari, 1998).
bi; fiqris dro aris kargad struq-
• gansakuTrebuli siyvarulis ga­ turirebuli programa, romelic,
mo­mJRavneba (e.w. favoritizmi) kvlevebis Sedegebidan gamomdinare,
zogierTi moswavlis mimarT. amcirebs disciplinis darRvevis
SemTxvevebs moswavleebSi da zrdis
am kvlevidan naTlad ikveTe- maT CarTulobas sagakveTilo pro-
ba, rom moswavleebs, roca saqme cesSi (ix. sugai da qolvini, 1996,
maT qcevasTan dakavSirebul mo­ sadac mocemulia am programasTan
lodinebs exeba, gamZafrebuli aqvT dakavSirebuli kvlevebis analizi).
`samarTlianobis~gancda. Tu mos- fiqris dros aqvs sami ZiriTadi mi-
wavleebi Tvlian, rom maswavlebeli zani:
arasworad iqceva, isini qcevis
wesebs advilad ar daemorCilebian. • imis uzrunvelyofa, rom sko-
kidev erTxel unda aRiniSnos, rom laSi yvela maswavlebeli erT-
am kvlevaSi kolejis studentebi nairad reagirebs moswavleTa
monawileobdnen, Tumca, savarau- mier disciplinis darRvevis Sem­
doa, rom msgavsi Sedegebi dafiq- Txvevebze;
sirdeboda zogadsaganmanaTleblo • moswavleebisaTvis axsna-gan-
skolis saSualo safexuris moswav- martebis miwodeba imasTan dakav-
leebTanac. SirebiT, Tu ratomaa disciplin-
da bolos, kvlevaTa garkveuli is konkretuli darRveva arasa-
nawili adasturebs, rom rac ufro surveli. imis uzrunvelyofa,
maRalia sajaro skolaSi klasi, rom darRvevebs mohyves momava-
miT ufro meti disciplinis dar- li incidentebis Tavidan acile-
Rveva fiqsirdeba (maqfadeni, merSi, baze mimarTuli dagegmareba;
fraisi da huangi, 1992). es SeiZleba • maswavleblebisa da moswavleeb-
 disciplinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli RonisZiebebi 43

isaTvis negatiuri urTierTobis li. magaliTad, wignSi `jildoebiT

dasrulebisa da axali, poziti- dasja: ra uaryofiTi Sedegebi Sei-
uri urTierTobebis damyarebis Zleba mohyves oqros varskvlavebs,
saSualebis micema. wamaxaliseblebs, saukeTeso niS-
nebs, Seqebas da sxva saxis qrTams~,
me-8 TavSi ufro detalurad gan-
qoni (1993) acxadebs, rom mkacri
vixilavT programa fiqris dros,
disciplina uamrav naklovane-
roca gavaanalizebT mTeli skolis
basTan asocirdeba. qoni aRniSnavs:
masStabiT programis danergvis Sesa-
`im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu es programa
Zleblobas. aq ki mokled aRvniSnavT,
aRwevs garkveul warmatebas, klas-
rom fiqris drois erT-erTi ganm-
Si wesrigis damyarebis kuTxiT, igi
sazRvreli maxasiaTebelia `fiqris
ver exmareba moswavles, gaiazros
oTaxi~. es ukanaskneli warmoadgens
Cadenili saqcieli da TanagrZno-
specialur saklaso oTaxs, romel-
bis mqone moqalaqed iqces. imaves
Sic maswavleblebi daumorCilebel
Tqma SeiZleba yvela im programaze,
moswavleebs gzavnian. ra Tqma unda,
romelic jildosa da dasjis faq-
maswavlebelma yvela Rone unda
torebs efuZneba da skolaSi an sax-
ixmaros, raTa moswavlis disci-
lSi gamoiyeneba~ (gv. 165).
plinebuli qceva Cveulebriv klasSi
sxva mkvlevarebi ar eTanxmebi-
uzrunvelyos. Tu moswavlis mier
an qonis analizs da miiCneven, rom
disciplinis darRvevis SemTxveve-
am programis Sesaxeb Catarebul
bis aRkveTa Cveulebriv klasSi ver
kvlevebs sxvagvar daskvnebamde
xerxdeba, maswavlebeli mas `fiqris
mivyavarT (ix. brofi, 1996). sinamd-
oTaxSi~ uSvebs. `fiqris oTaxSi~ mo-
vileSi, qonis uaryofiTi damokide-
swavle unda daufiqrdes Cadenil
buleba mkacri disciplinis pro-
saqciels da gaaanalizos is. moswav-
gramis adreul variantze vrcel­
le ar ubrundeba Cveulebriv mecadi-
deba. programis pirveli dReebi-
neobas manam, sanam ar daadasturebs,
dan moyolebuli, is sagrZnoblad
rom kargad gaacnobiera sakuTari
Seicvala (ix. qenTeri da qenTeri,
saqcielis arsi da mizezebi imisa,
1992). pirveli, programa amJamad
Tu ratom gaamweses `fiqris oTaxSi~.
mkveTrad ganasxvavebs wesebsa da
aseve, moswavlem unda aCvenos, rom
direqtivebs. wesebi yovelTvis
mas esmis kargi qcevis normebi da
ZalaSia, xolo direqtivebi icvle-
mzadaa, Secvalos qceva ukeTesobi-
ba erTi aqtivobidan meoreze gad-
saken.
asvlisas. meore, moswavle, romel-
meore programis saxelwode-
ic davalebis SesrulebaSi ar aris
baa mkacri disciplina (qenTeri da
CarTuli, SeiZleba icavdes an ar-
qenTeri, 1976). es programa efuZne-
Rvevdes disciplinas. maswavlebeli
ba tradiciul warmodgenas imis
disciplinur zomebs iRebs mxolod
Taobaze, rom araswor saqciels
maSin, roca aseTi moswavle disci-
Tan unda axldes konkretuli sa-
plinas arRvevs. mesame, programis
pasuxo RonisZiebebi. Sesabamisad,
amJamindeli varianti yuradRebas
ganaTlebis zogierTi special-
amaxvilebs sanimuSo saqcielisaT-
isti am programas `intervencion-
vis moswavlis waxalisebaze maSin,
istul~ ideologiasTan akavSirebs
roca Zveli varianti, ZiriTadad,
(uolfgangi, 1995; Carlzi, 1996).
disciplinis darRvevis SemTxveve-
am programas garkveuli, sakmaod
bze reagirebas exeboda. meoTxe,
mkacri kritika aqvs damsaxurebu-
amJamad aqcenti keTdeba moswavlis
44 klasis marTva

araswor qcevaze reagirebis Tanmim- disciplinis programam namdvilad

devruli meqanizmis arsebobaze, da ganicada cvli­lebebi da amJamad
ara dasjis mkacr meTodebze. mex- is gulisxmobs dabalansebul rea-
uTe, moswavlis dasjaze reagireba girebas rogorc sanimuSo qcevaze,
aris sakiTxi, romelsac zedmeti ise disciplinis darRvevebze.
sajarooba ar sWirdeba. programis
Zvel variantSi aqcenti keTdeboda
sajarod dasjaze.
mkacri disciplinis amJamin-
deli variantis ganxorcieleba
xuTi nabijisagan Sedgeba. pirveli
rekomendaciebi
nabiji: pozitiuri garemos Seqmna maswavleblebs
imisaTvis, rom disciplinis moTx-
ovnebi iqnas daculi. maswavle- rekomendacia 1 q
beli unda ecados, rom moswavleTa
negatiuri molodinebi pozitiuri
molodinebiT Secvalos. meore nabi- gamoiyeneT meTodebi, romlebic
ji: maswavlebelma unda iswavlos, saSualebas gaZlevT, aRiaroT mo­
Tu ra aris simkacre. gansakuTrebiT swavleTa kargi qceva da dagmoT
mniSvnelovania, maswavlebelma kar- qceva, romelic miuRebelia.
gad ganasxvaos simkacre arasimkac-
risa da mtruli damokidebulebi- rogorc ukve aRiniSna, Cven movaxdi-
sagan. maswavleblisaTvis simkacre neT disciplinis gaumjobesebaze
TandaTanobiT Cveulebad iqceva. mimarTuli RonisZiebebis xuTi
rogoria mkacri maswavlebeli? kategoriis identifikacia, esenia:
mkacria maswavlebeli, romelic maswavleblis reaqcia, nivTieri
disciplinis darRvevas saqmiani da waxaliseba, dauyovnebeli saxdeli,
araemociuri toniT, myari pozici- jgufuri miRwevebi, mSoblebis rea-
idan pasuxobs da uxsnis moswavles, gireba moswavlis qcevaze. winamde-
Tu rogori saqcieli moeTxoveba bare rekomendacia exeba xuTive
mas. mesame nabiji: dadgenili unda kategorias.
iyos disciplinur darRvevebze
reagirebis formebi. maswavleb- u maswavleblis reaqcia
els unda SeeZlos, moswavlisaTvis
maswavleblis sityvieri da fizi-
gafrTxilebis/miniSnebis micema,
kuri reaqciebi yvelaze martivi
roca is grZnobs, rom moswavle
gzaa imisaTvis, rom moxdes sani-
dasaSveb normebs male gadaabijebs.
muSo qcevis aRiareba da reagireba
aseT SemTxvevaSi maswavlebels Seu-
miuRebel qcevaze. emeri, everT-
Zlia, dausvas moswavles SekiTxvebi
soni da uorSami (2003) gvTavazoben
da moiTxovos misgan konkretuli
maswavlebelTa reaqciebis Semdeg
qceva. meoTxe nabiji: maswavleb-
CamonaTvals:
lis mxridan moswavlis mier dis-
ciplinis darRvevis SemTxvevebze • disciplinis damrRvev moswav-
reagireba. bolo nabijia sanimuSo lesTan miaxloeba da mxedvelo-
saqcielze reagirebis sistemis dan- biTi kontaqtis damyareba. es
ergva, rac gulisxmobs jildoeb- aris sakmaod efeqturi saSuale-
sa da aRiarebas. zemoT aRwerili ba moswavlis gasafrTxileblad;
procesi adasturebs, rom mkacri • fizikuri signalis, magaliTad,
 disciplinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli RonisZiebebi 45

TiTis daqnevis an Tavis gaqnevis Ti qmedeba ramdenjerme gaimeoros.

gamoyeneba imis niSnad, rom mos- es iqneba miniSneba, romelsac mos-
wavlis saqcieli miuRebelia; wavle maswavleblisagan sxvebis Se-
• Tu moswavle arRvevs wess, misT- umCnevlad miiRebs. moswavlec mix-
vis sityvieri miTiTebis micema; vdeba, rom maswavlebeli cdilobs,
rac ufro sxvebisaTvis SeumC- aRkveTos mis mier disciplinis
nevlad da `rbilad~ gaakeTebs ufro seriozuli darRvevis SemTx-
amas maswavlebeli, miT ukeTesi. veva, razec is saTanado reaqcias
aseve, maswavlebels SeuZlia, mo- daimsaxurebs.
swavles auxsnas, Tu rogor unda zemoT xsenebuli magaliTe-
moiqces is konkretul SemTx- bi exeba miuRebel qcevas. maswav-
vevaSi; lebels SeuZlia, dadebiTi reaq-
• Tu moswavle ubralod CamorCa cia gamoamJRavnos moswavleTa
gakveTils an davalebaze ar aris karg saqcielzec. riCard qaruini
koncentrirebuli, maswavlebels da alen mendleri (1988) TavianT
SeuZlia, moswavlisadmi arse- wignSi `disciplinis Rirseulad
buli molodinebis SexsenebiT dacva~ aRweren meTods, romelsac
Semoifarglos; `moswavlis sanimuSo qcevaze was-
• Tu moswavle ar reagirebs `msub- wrebas~ uwodeben (gv. 97). riCard
uq~ Sexsenebasa da miTiTebaze, qaruini da alen mendleri aseT ax-
maswavlebelma pirdapir unda snas iZlevian:
mouwodos moswavles, Sewyvitos
miuRebeli saqcieli. daaxloebiT yovel 15-20 wuTSi
erTxel (zogadsaganmanaTleblo
es martivi wesebi amcireben mos-
sko­lis sabazo safexuris mecadi-
wavleTa mier disciplinis darRve-
neobaze 2-3 jer) aRiareT moswav-
vis SemTxvevebs (medseni, beqeri da
lis kargi qceva. wamaxalisebeli
Tomasi, 1968).
sityvebi moswavles SeiZleba ise
mastimulirebeli signali aris
uTxraT, rom sxvebma ver gaigon.
SesaZlo reaqciis kidev erTi for-
moswavlem Seqeba SeiZleba Sem-
ma, romelic maswavlebels SeuZlia
degi qcevis gamo daimsaxuros:
gamoiyenos. es meTodi gulisxmobs
yuradRebiT usmens gakveTils,
moswavlisaTvis signalis micemas
davaleba kargad Seasrula da
manam, sanam moswavle disciplinas
detaluri pasuxebi moamzada
daarRvevs (qari da durandi, 1985;
yvela SekiTxvaze, gakveTilze
lobici, 1974). magaliTad, maswav-
Zalian Wkvianur, damafiqrebel
lebels SeiZleba SemCneuli aqvs,
SekiTxvebs svams. sasurvelia,
rom erT-erTi moswavle Tana-
veravin mixvdes, maswavlebeli
tolebTan saubars iwyebs da Semdeg
moswavles aqebs Tu SeniSvnas
disciplinis seriozul darRvevaze
aZlevs. ra Tqma unda, moswavles
gadadis. maswavlebels SeuZlia, Sem-
SeuZlia, gaacxados maswavle-
degnairad moiqces: rogorc ki Seam-
belTan saubris Sinaarsi, Tu mas
Cnevs, rom moswavlem, gakveTilis
es surs. (gv. 97)
msvlelobis dros, TanatolebTan
saubari daiwyo, mas win, merxze qaruini da mendleri acxadeben,
unda daudos baraTi, romlis meS- rom moswavleebi yovelTvis mouT-
veobiTac saubris Sewyvetaze miu- menlad elian pozitiur Sefasebebs
TiTebs. maswavlebels SeuZlia, ase- maswavleblis mxridan. roca isini
46 klasis marTva

aseT Sefasebebs ver iReben, xSirad muSaobis dros Tavisi ad­

es aRiqmeba, rogorc maswavleblis gilis datoveba da fanqris
ukmayofileba moswavleebis qceviT. gaTlaze drois daxarjva.
sxva sityvebiT, Tu maswavlebeli • batonma foseidma icoda,
ar aqebs moswavles, roca is kargad rom me-8 klaselebs ar mos­
iqceva, moswavlem maswavleblis wondaT, roca zedmet yura­
mxridan reaqciis ararseboba Sei- dRebas aqcevdnen. maTTvis
Zleba uaryofiT reaqciad aRiqvas. zedmeti pozitiuri yura­
ase rom, maswavleblis gamox- dRebac ki gamaRizianebeli
maureba aris moswavlis kargi an iyo. Sesabamisad, batonma
miuRebeli saqcielis Sefasebis foseidma gadawyvita, mo­
efeqturi saSualeba. qvemoT moy- swavleTa kargi qcevis
vanili ori nawyveti warmoadgens aRiarebis `rbili~ meTo­
karg magaliTs, Tu rogor SeuZlia di moeZebna, rac SemdegSi
maswavlebels reaqciis gamoxatva: mdgomareobda: mecadine­
obis ganmavlobaSi, erTxel
• qalbatoni vudi Tavis mo­ mainc, moswavles TvaliT
swavleebs kargad icnobda. aniSnebda, rom kmayofili
roca kolini klasSi disci­ iyo misiT. moswavleebs aRi­
plinas arRvevda, maswavle­ arebis es forma Zalian mo­
beli axlos midioda da misi swondaT da maswavlebelic
merxisken daixreboda xol­ kmayofili iyo amiT.
me. aseTi moZraoba klasSi
mimdinare mecadineobas ar
aferxebda. roca kolini u nivTieri waxaliseba
Sewyvetda celqobas, mas­
wavlebeli Cveul saqmes saxelwodebidanac ikveTeba, rom
ubrundeboda. prevenciuli nivTieri waxaliseba gulisxmobs
zomebis gatareba Sonaze konkretuli simbolos gamoyenebas
kidev ufro kargad moq­ moswavlis sanimuSo qcevis dasafa-
medebda. Sona xSirad midio­ seblad. moswavles SeiZleba mieces
da saTlelTan da klaselebs vauCeri an Jetoni, romelic man
aRizianebda, rac uwesrigo sxva privilegiebis, garkveul aq-
situaciebis Seqmnas uwyob­ tivobebSi monawileobis uflebis
da xels. qalbatonma vudma misaRebad, an konkretuli sagnis
Semdegi saSualebiT Seamci­ SesaZenad SeiZleba gamoiyenos (re-
ra Sonas mier provocire­ ici, 1994). Tavdapirvelad, aseTi
buli disciplinis darRve­ midgoma mxolod kargi saqcielis
vis SemTxvevebis raodenoba: wasaxaliseblad gamoiyeneboda
rogorc ki qalbatoni vudi (o’leri, beqeri, ivansi da saudar-
dainaxavda, rom Sonam sko­ gasi, 1969). Tumca kvlevebma aCvena,
laSi ukve gaTlili fanqari rom nivTieri waxaliseba sxvadasx-
moitana, midioda masTan da va formis gamoyeneba (vauCerebi/
saqebar sityvebs eubnebo­ Jetonebi) yvelaze efeqturia, Tu
da; maswavlebeli moswavles moswavle maT iRebs sanimuSo qcevi-
misi mzaobis gamo aqebda da saTvis da kargavs maSin, roca dis-
aRniSnavda, rom axla mas ciplinas daarRvevs (qaufmani da
aRar mouwevda gakveTilze o’leri, 1972).
 disciplinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli RonisZiebebi 47

maSasadame, nivTieri waxalise­ rudunebiT agrovebdnen am qu-

ba gulisxmobs moswavlis damsax- lebs, maTi Semdgomi gadacvlis
urebis aRiarebis, dajildoebis mizniT. Sesabamisad, maswavle-
konkretul formas. mniSvnelovania belma gadawyvita maTi gamoy-
imis gaTvaliswineba, rom nivTieri eneba moswavleTa CarTulobis
waxalisebis safuZvlebi yovelTvis gaumjobesebis mizniT: rode-
kargad gansazRvruli da argumen- sac moswavle ar iyo koncen-
tirebuli unda iyos. amasTanave, trirebuli davalebaze, ba-
nivTieri waxaliseba qrTamis for- toni faueli midioda masTan
mad ar unda iqces. es aris qonis da xuTians oTxianad uxazavda.
(1993; 1996) erT-erTi mTavari da xolo roca maswavlebeli am-
sakmaod logikuri argumenti, roca Cnevda, rom moswavle sruli
igi am sistemas akritikebs. qvemoT ZalisxmeviT CaerTo davalebis
moyvanili nawyveti warmoadgens SesrulebaSi, oTxians isev xu-
karg magaliTs, Tu rogor Seu- Tianad aqcevda. es yvelaferi
Zlia maswavlebels, moswavleebTan uCumrad keTdeboda, radgan
muSaobisas, nivTieri waxalisebis moswavlemac da maswavlebel-
gamoyeneba: mac kargad icodnen, Tu ratom
aklebda, an umatebda maT qulas
gakveTilis dasawyisSi batoni batoni faueli. aseve, maswavle-
faueli moswavleebs miznebis beli amCnevda, rom am sistemis
qvemoT moyvanil cxrils avse­ gamoyenebiT, misi da moswav-
binebda: leTa yuradReba ufro pozi-
tiuri saqcielis aRiarebaze
iyo gamaxvilebuli, vidre cudi
TviTSefaseba

saqcielis gamoaSkaravebaze.
dReisaTvis

davalebaze
muSaoba
miznebi
TariRi

u dauyovnebeli saxdeli
dauyovnebeli saxdeli ukavSirdeba
1._______ 1._______ maswavleblis reagirebas moswavlis
2._______ 2._______
mier disciplinis darRvevaze, da
ara moswavlis kargi qcevis aRiare-
3._______ 3._______ bas. dauyovnebeli saxdelis erT-
erTi strategiaa moswavlis izola­
cia garkveuli droiT.
`davalebaze muSaobis~ ujraSi izolaciaSi igulisxmeba mos­
moswavleebi sakuTar Tavs 5 wavlis klasidan gayvana da im adgi-
qulas aniWebdnen. es qulebi las moTavseba, romelic disciplin-
bolos ikribeboda da moswav- is damrRvevTaTvisaa gankuTvnili.
leTa CarTulobis Sefasebi- Tavdapirvelad, es strategia spe-
sas gamoiyeneboda. Tumca, ama- cialuri saWiroebis mqone moswav-
vdroulad, yoveli Tvis bolos leebTan gamosayeneblad SemuSavda,
moswavleebs qulebis gadacvla konkretulad, maTTan, vinc dis-
maTTvis mimzidvel sagnebze ciplinas Zalian uxeSad arRvevda
SeeZloT. batonma fauelma (ix. drabmani da sfiTalniqi, 1973).
SeamCnia, rom moswavleebi didi mogvianebiT, es meTodi warmate-
48 klasis marTva

biT gamoiyeneboda Cveulebriv sa- garda moswavles aravin esau­

ganmanaTleblo garemoSic (zabeli, bros, me disciplinis darRvevis
1986). Tumca sayuradReboa Semdegi yvela SemTxveva unda Seviswav­
saSiSroeba: maswavlebels SeuZlia, lo da Tavad aRmovfxvra. mxo­
izolacia gamoiyenos, rogorc mo- lod ase SeiZleba disciplinis
swavlis `gakveTilidan moSorebis~ darRvevis arsis wvdoma da mo­
Zalian advili saSualeba, aRar Cau- swavlesTan normaluri urT­
Rrmavdes disciplinis darRvevis ierTobis SenarCuneba.~ direq­
mizezebs da ar eZebos maTi aRmofx- toris moadgilem es midgoma
vris gzebi (herisi, 1985). gaiazra da gaiziara.
izolaciis efeqturoba damok-
idebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad kargad danaSaulis srulad gamos­
esmiT moswavleebs, konkretulad ra woreba gulisxmobs moswavlis mier
tipis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi gamoi- pasuxismgeblobis aRebas, rom se-
yeneben maT mimarT aseT zomas. amas- riozul darRvevas Tavad gamoas-
Tanave, moswavleebma unda icodnen, worebs. magaliTad, klasSi magidis
rom izolacias maswavlebeli mxo­ gadabruneba SeiZleba seriozul
lod im SemTxvevaSi iyenebs, roca darRvevad CaiTvalos. danaSaulis
disciplinis darRvevis aRmofx- srulad gamosworebis farglebSi,
vraze sxva, Cveulebrivi meTodebi moswavles mouwevs ara mxolod ma-
ar muSaobs. qvemoT moyvanili naw- gidis gadmobruneba, aramed, zoga-
yveti warmoadgens karg magaliTs, dad, im wesrigis aRdgena, romel-
Tu rogor SeuZlia maswavlebels ic magidis gadabrunebis dros
izolaciis strategiis gamoyeneba dairRva. moswavles kargad unda
moswavleebTan muSaobisas: esmodes, Tu ras gulisxmobs da­
naSaulis srulad gamosworeba (ix.
roca klasSi disciplinis prob­ foqsi, 1978). qvemoT moyvanili naw-
lema ver wydeboda, `mein midl yveti warmoadgens karg magaliTs,
squlis~ moswavleebs calke Tu rogor SeuZlia maswavlebels
gamoyofil oTaxSi gzavnidnen. danaSaulis srulad gamoswore­
es oTaxi direqtoris moad­ bis strategiis gamoyeneba moswav-
gilis kabinetis gverdiT mde­ leebTan muSaobisas:
bareobda. direqtoris moad­
gile am oTaxSi gamogzavnil Terels ar moswonda klasSi
moswavleebTan aqtiur komu­ gamoyenebuli leqsikonebis
nikaciaSi Sedioda da maT mier daxeuli gverdebis dawebeba.
disciplinis darRvevis SemTx­ guSin Tereli aRelvebuli iyo
vevebs Seiswavlida. qalbatoni da Tavisi leqsikonis ramden­
kanioni direqtoris moadgilis ime gverdi daxia. es ar iyo mis
saqciels ar iwonebda da miiC­ mier wignis daxevis pirveli
nevda, rom oTaxSi izolireba SemTxveva. Sesabamisad, mas­
ar unda yofiliyo dakavSire­ wavlebelma Terels daavala,
buli vinmesTan komunikaciis gakveTilebis Semdeg emuSava
damyarebis SesaZleblobasTan. klasSi gamoyenebuli wignebis
Sesabamisad, qalbatoni kanioni dawebebaze . dawebebis garda,
moiTxovda, rom moswavleebis Terels wignebSi gakeTebuli
izolaciis oTaxSi aravin SeeS­ CaniSvnebic unda waeSala. mas­
vaT: `mniSvnelovania, rom Cem wavlebelma Terelis muSaobis
 disciplinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli RonisZiebebi 49

procesi masTan ganmartoebiT agdebs. rogorc ikveTeba, swored

komunikaciis mizniTac gamoi­ es wnexi ganapirobebs am strategiis
yena da ecada, disciplinis dam­ warmatebas. Tumca gasagebia zogi-
rRvevs Cvevebis Secvlis Sesax­ erTi maswavleblis pozicia, roca
eb gasaubreboda. is aRniSnavs, rom aseTi midgoma
SeiZleba uxerxul mdgomareobaSi
agdebdes SerCeul moswavleebs. Se-
u jgufuri miRwevebi sabamisad, Cveni rCeva iqneboda, rom
jgufuri miRwevebis meTods mas-
jgufuri miRwevebis strate- wavleblebi sifrTxiliT miudgnen.
gia nivTieri waxalisebis strate- qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti war-
gias hgavs; ZiriTadi gansxvaveba moadgens karg magaliTs, Tu rogor
isaa, rom pirveli jgufur muSao- SeuZlia maswavlebels jgufuri
bazea orientirebuli, meore ki _ miRwevebis strategiis gamoyeneba
individualurze. magaliTad, Sei- moswavleebTan muSaobisas:
Zleba mTeli klasisaTvis dawesdes
garkveuli jildo, Tu arcerT mo- qalbaton muldons uyvars,
swavles SeeSleba wesi: aiwie xeli, roca moswavleebi jgufurad
sanam Sens mosazrebas gamoxatav. muSaoben; mas miaCnia, rom
mkvlevarebi da Teoretikosebi ga- erToblivi muSaoba moswav­
nasxvaveben jgufuri miRwevebis or leebs erT TemSi kuTvnilebis
tips: urTierTdamokidebulsa da grZnobas uviTarebs. `Cven er­
damokidebuls (liTou da fumroi, Tad gadavrCebiT, an erTad Cav­
1975). pirveli nairsaxeoba gulisx- iZirebiT~”, xSirad exumreba
mobs, rom jgufSi Semavali yvela xolme maswavlebeli moswav­
moswavle unda akmayofilebdes qce- leebs. yoveli wlis dasawyisSi
vis mocemul wesebs imisaTvis, rom qalbatoni muldoni moswav­
aRiarebul iqnas jgufis miRweva. leebTan erTad ayalibebs qce­
zemoT moyvanili magaliTi swored vis wesebs. Tu moswavleebi am
amas gulisxmobs, anu saubris daw- wesebs daemorCilebian, isini
yebamde Tu yvela moswavlem ar ai- miiReben wnexis qulebs. magali­
wia xeli, klasi ver miaRwevs saWiro Tad, wesi SeiZleba mdgomare­
niSnuls. meore nairsaxeoba (damok- obdes SemdegSi: maTematikis
idebuli) ki gulisxmobs konkretu- gakveTilis Semdeg gamoyen­
li qcevis normebis dacvas jgufis ebuli masalis Tavis adgilas
mxolod garkveuli wevr(eb)is mier. milageba. Tu klasi am wess zed­
moyvanili magaliTi maSin iqneboda miwevniT asrulebs, is iRebs 25
kriteriumebis miRwevis damokide- wnexis qulas. am qulebis gamoy­
buli nairsaxeobis nimuSi, Tu wi- enebiT, maT SeuZliaT `wne­­xis
naswar iqneboda SerCeuli ramden- qveS moaqcion~ qalbatoni mul­
ime moswavle, romelTa mier xelis doni da moiTxovon misgan tes­
awevis normebis dacvis SemTxveva- tirebis gadavadeba, saSinao
Sic jgufi jildos miiRebda. davalebis gareSe erTi dRe,
cxadia, rom meore varianti damatebiTi drois miReba mniS­
mTeli jgufis yuradRebas moswav- vnelovan proeqtze samuSaod,
leTa garkveul nawilze mimarTavs an sxva msgavsi daTmoba. sagu­
da, Sesabamisad, SerCeul moswav- lisxmoa, rom aseTi SeTanxmeba
leebs garkveuli wnexis pirobebSi klass aiZulebs, erTad Seasru­
50 klasis marTva

lon ara mxolod konkretuli wesebs. qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti

wesi, aramed, agreTve, erTad warmoadgens karg maga­liTs, Tu
miaRwion SeTanxmebas imis Tao­ rogor SeuZlia maswavlebels mos­
baze, Tu ra surT, miiRon mas­ wavlis qcevaze mSoblebis reagire­
wavleblisagan. bis strategiis gamoyeneba moswav-
leebTan muSaobisas:

u mSoblebis reagireba karla da keiSa tyupebi iyvnen.

moswavlis qcevaze klasSi maTi popularulobis
ZiriTadi mizezi maTi qceva iyo,
rogorc kvlevebisa da Teoriis romelic jambazebis saqciels
qveTavSi aRvniSneT, mSoblebis rea­ hgavda. Sesabamisad,baton be­
gireba moswavlis qcevaze SeiZleba Tis Zalian uWirda Sesasruleb­
iyos rogorc sanimuSo, ise arasasur- el davalebaze moswavleTa
veli qcevis gamoZaxili. am meTodis yuradRebis koncentracia.
yvelaze martivi formaa mSoblebi- gan­sakuTrebiT rTuldeboda
saTvis maTi Svilebis qcevis Sesaxeb situacia maSin, roca karla da
informaciis miwodeba. mSoblebis keiSa erTmaneTs ejibrebod­
informirebis saSualebebia: werilis nen, Tu vin ufro gaaxalisebda
gagzavna, darekva, saxlSi stumroba. maT klaselebs, vin iqneboda
zog maswavlebels SemuSavebuli da ufro `warmatebuli~ jambazi.
dabeWdili aqvs garkveuli forma, mas Semdeg, rac batoni beTis
romlis mxolod Sevsebaa saWiro. mcdeloba, aRekveTa disci­
am da sxva saSualebebis gamoyeneba plinis darRvevis SemTxvevebi,
SeiZleba, rogorc kargi, ise cudi warumateblad dasrulda, man
saqcielis Sesaxeb informaciis mi- gadawyvita, tyupebis mSoblebs
wodebis mizniT. dakavSireboda. mSoblebs ar
ufro metic, SeiZleba mSob­ gahkvirvebiaT es informacia,
lebTan erTad daigegmos moswav- magram namdvilad ar icodnen,
lis qcevis monitoringisa da masze rogor SeiZleboda, disciplin­
reagirebis konkretuli formebi. is normebSi moeqciaT Svilebis
aseTi dagegmareba, sasurvelia, qceva. batonma beTim da tyupe­
mSoblebTan pirispir Sexvedris bis mSoblebma, am sakiTxis sa­
dros (mSoblebTan Sexvedrebis di- fuZvliani ganxilvis Semdeg,
namikas ganvixilavT me-4 da me-6 gadawyvites, rom maswavlebeli
TavebSi). magaliTad, SeiZleba Sex- yovel paraskevs daurekavda
vdeT erTi konkretuli moswav- xolme maT da bavSvebis qce­
lis mSobels da masTan ganixiloT vis Sesaxeb informacias mi­
is qcevis norma, romelsac klasSi awvdida. Tu gogonebi mTeli
nergavT; mSobelTan erTad SeiZleba kviris ganmavlobaSi wesrigs ar
moifiqroT is formebi, romliTac daarRvevdnen, maT saSualeba
mSobeli moswavlis mier qcevis mo- miecemodaT, paraskev saRamos
cemuli normis warmatebiT dacvis sayvareli filmisTvis eyure­
an darRvevis SemTxvevebze moaxdens binaT. xolo Tu, maswavleblis
reagirebas. SemdgomSi, maswavle- mier mowodebuli informaci­
belma sistematurad unda miawodos is Tanaxmad, dafiqsirdeboda
mSoblebs informacia imis Sesaxeb, maT mier disciplinis darRve­
Tu rogor icavs moswavle qcevis vis SemTxvevebi, araTu filmis
 disciplinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli RonisZiebebi 51

yureba, SabaT-kviras televi­ vis Zalian kargi saSualebaa. imis

zorisa da kompiuteris gamoy­ nacvlad, rom maswavlebelma daadg-
eneba saerTod aekrZalebodaT. inos, Tu ra iTvleba disciplinis
batonma beTim am strategiis darRvevad, moswavleebs unda hqon-
gamoyenebis pirvelive kviraSi deT saSualeba, moawyon diskusia da
SeamCnia, rom tyupebis qceva mividnen erTobliv daskvnamde, Tu
sagrZnoblad gaumjobesda. ra dasaSveb sazRvrebSi SeiZleba
moeqces maTi qceva. klasSi moswav-
leebisa da maswavleblis mier er-
Toblivad dadgenili disciplinuri
rekomendacia 2 q
zRvruli normebis realur amoq-
medebaze pasuxismgebloba maswav-
naTlad gansazRvreT, Tu ra iTv­ lebels ekisreba. qvemoT moyvanili
leba miuRebel qcevad; awarmoeT nawyveti warmoadgens karg magal-
disciplinis darRvevis SemTxveve­ iTs, Tu rogor SeuZlia maswav-
bis aRricxvis efeqturi sistema. lebels, SeaTanxmos moswavleebTan
darRvevis dasaSvebi normebi:
qcevis darRvevaze reagirebisa Tu
sanimuSo qcevis aRiarebisaTvis, qalbatonma qemfbelma mos­
aucilebelia, zustad ganisazRv- wavleebs ganucxada, rom is
ros, sad gadis sazRvari disci- sastikad ewinaaRmdegeboda
plinis darRvevasa da karg qcevas gakveTilze saReWi rezinisa
Soris. magaliTad, warmovidginoT, da tkbileulis motanas, rad­
rom maswavlebeli iyenebs jgufuri gan damlageblebs uWirdaT
miRwevebis strategias, saubramde miwebebuli tkbileulis sas­
xelis awevis wesis damkvidrebis kolo inventaridan moSoreba.
mizniT. ararealisturi iqneboda bavSvebma gaiazres akrZalvis
imis warmodgena, rom am meTodis mizezi, magram iTxovnen, rom
pirvelive gamoyenebisTanave, mos- darRvevis dasaSvebi normac
wavleebi mas gaiTaviseben da aRar yofiliyo, radgan zogs Zalian
iqneba xelis awevis gareSe saubris gauWirdeboda tkbileulisagan
arc erTi SemTxveva. Sesabamisad, Tavis Sekaveba, gansakuTrebiT,
maswavleblisaTvis umjobesia, Tu dResaswaulebis periodSi.
is moswavleebTan SeaTanxmebs `uneb­ qalbaton qemfbelTan erTad,
lie darRvevebis~ dasaSveb raode- moswavleebi SeTanxmdnen, rom
nobas da am raodenobis farglebSi Tu moswavles maswavlebeli
xelis awevis gareSe saubris SemTx- pirvelad waaswrebda tkbile­
vevebs jgufuri miRwevebis SeT- ulTan erTad, mxolod misi
anxmebis darRvevad ar CaTvlis. gafrTxilebiT Semoifargle­
Tu moswavleebi `dasaSvebi uneblie boda; meored waswrebis SemTx­
darRvevebis~ raodenobas ar gad- vevaSi, moswavles gakveTilebis
aaWarbeben, maswavlebeli maTTan Semdeg datovebdnen skolaSi,
disciplinis dacvisaTvis gansaz- xolo wesis mesamed darRveva
Rvrul aRiarebis formas gamoiyen- moswavlis gacilebiT mkacr
ebs. xolo Tu gadaaWarbeben, isini dasjas iTvaliswinebda _ is
SeTanxmebul jildos ver miiReben. gakveTilebis Semdeg unda dar­
sazRvrebis daweseba moswavle- Ceniliyo skolaSi da damlageb­
Ta klasis marTvis procesSi CarT- lebs moxmareboda.
52 klasis marTva

mas Semdeg, rac dadgindeba tuli simboloebis Sesabamiso­

disciplinis darRvevis zRvrulad ba qcevis darRvevebTan iseve,
dasaSvebi normebi, aucilebelia, rogorc sanimuSo saqcielTan.
maswavlebelma efeqturad awar- roca moswavle disciplinas
moos moswavleTa mier disciplinis arRvevda an samagaliTod iq­
darRvevis SemTxvevebis aRricxvis ceoda, Tavis CanawerebSi mas­
sistema (deici da refi, 1973; ir- wavlebeli maSinve iniSnavda am
vini da landervoldi, 1988). rac informacias. qalbaton bebijs
ufro martivi iqneba aRricxvis SeeZlo, nebismier dros eCven­
sistema, miT ukeTesi. programa ebina moswavlisaTvis misi qce­
mkacri disciplina (qenTeri da vis Sesaxeb Segrovili infor­
qenTeri, 1976) dasawyisSi aRricx- macia da gaefrTxilebina an Se­
vis ukiduresad detalur da saja- eqo igi.
ro meTodebs iyenebda, magaliTad,
aRricxvis sistemis warmoebas da-
faze. amJamad ufro mokrZalebuli
formebi gamoiyeneba _ moswavleebi Sejameba
da maswavlebeli Canawerebs Tav-
isTvis akeTeben. ra Tqma unda, es disciplinis gaumjobesebaze mi-
ar niSnavs imas, rom sajarod aR- marTuli RonisZiebebiT darRveve-
ricxva araefeqturia. ubralod, bze reagireba da sanimuSo saqcie-
roca aRricxva sajaroa, arsebobs lis waxaliseba unda dabalansdes.
riski, rom yuradReba qcevidan aR- gamoiyofa disciplinis gaumjobese-
ricxvis procesze gadadis. qvemoT baze mimarTul RonisZiebaTa xuTi
moyvanili nawyveti warmoadgens kategoria: maswavleblis reaqcia,
karg magaliTs, Tu rogor SeuZlia nivTieri waxaliseba, dauyovne-
maswavlebels disciplinis darRve- beli saxdeli, jgufuri miRwevebi,
vis SemTxvevebis aRricxva: mSoblebis reagireba moswavlis
qcevaze. romeli kategoriac ar
qalbatoni bebiji, moswavleTa unda iyos SerCeuli, aucilebelia,
mier disciplinis darRvevis zustad ganisazRvros, Tu sad gadis
SemTxvevebis aRricxvisaTvis, sazRvari disciplinis darRvevasa
mobilur telefons iyenebda. da karg qcevas Soris. aseve, mniS-
is mobilurSi niSnebsac iwerda; vnelovania, maswavlebelma awar-
maswavlebeli amas kodirebis moos moswavleTa mier disciplinis
meTodis gamoyenebiT axerxeb­ darRvevis SemTxvevebis efeqturi
da _ dadgenili hqonda konkre­ aRricxva.
4
...
m a s w a vl e b l is u rTie rT o b a
m os w a v l e e b Tan

klasis marTvis ori aspeqtis (wesebi es yovelive specialuri kvlevebis

da procedurebi, disciplinis gaum- SedegebiT dadasturebis gareSec
jobesebaze mimarTuli RonisZie- advilad misaxvedria.
bebi) ganxilvis Semdeg gadavideT
mesame, aranakleb mniSvnelovan as-
peqtze _ maswavleblis urTierTo- kvlevebi da Teoria
ba moswavleebTan. bevri miiCnevs,
rom maswavleblis moswavleebTan maswavleblisa da moswavleebis
urTierToba klasis marTvis yvela urTierTobis Sesaxeb Catarebuli
aspeqts udevs safuZvlad. Tu mas- kvlevebis metaanalizis Sedegebi
wavlebels kargi urTierToba aqvs mocemulia diagrama 4.1-ze. gasao-
moswavleebTan, es ukanasknelni caria ara mxolod saSualo efeq-
ufro advilad asruleben maswav- tis sidide (-0.896), romelic, Tavis
leblis mier Semotanil wesebsa da mxriv, sakmaod maRali maCvenebe-
procedurebs. aseve, maTTvis ufro lia, aramed Zalian maRali efeqtis
misaRebi xdeba maswavleblis mxri- sidideebi zogadsaganmanaTleblo
dan reagireba disciplinis darRve- skolis sabazo safexurisa da daw-
vis SemTxvevebze. rogorc wesi, im yebiTi safexuris bolo klasebis
SemTxvevaSi, Tu maswavlebelsa da moswavleebis SemTxvevaSi. sayura-
moswavleebs Soris ar aris kargi dReboa, rom ar arsebobda monace-
urTierToba, moswavleebi ewinaaRm- mebi maswavleblis moswavleebTan
degebian wesebsa da procedurebs, urTierTobis efeqtis Sesaxeb,
aprotesteben maswavleblis rea- zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis da­
girebas disciplinis darRvevaze. wyebiTi safexuris moswavleebze.

53
54 klasis marTva

diagrama 4.1
maswavleblis urTierToba moswavleebTan:
efeqtis saSualo sidideebi
efeqtis 95%-iani
saSualo ndobis cdis pirTa kvlevebis procentilis
sidide  intervali raodenoba  raodenoba  kleba

maswavleblis
-0.743-dan
urTierToba -0.896 1100 4 31
-0.995-mde
moswavleebTan

saSualo safexuri -0.338-dan

-0.549 720 2 21
-0.760-mde

sabazo safexuri -1.786-dan

-2.891 350 1 50
-4.008-mde

dawyebiTi safexuris -1.364-dan

-1.606 350 1 45
bolo klasebi -1.849-mde
SeniSvna: xelmisawvdomi ar iyo monacemebi zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis dawyebiTi safexuris
Sesaxeb.

aqve unda aRiniSnos isic, rom am literaturis mimoxilvis Sedegad,

sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli ufro askvnian, rom qcevasTan dakavSire-
meti kvlevis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, buli araerTi problema swored
efeqtis saSualo sidideebi daiw- moswavlisa da maswavleblis urT-
evda. winamdebare metaanalizSi mo- ierTobamde daiyvaneba. SiTsi da gei
cemuli efeqtis saSualo sidideebi weren: `klasSi disciplinis darRve-
gacilebiT maRalia, vidre, Cveu- vis bevri SemTxveva sxva araferia,
lebriv, socialur mecnierebeb- Tu ara im problemis gamoZaxili,
Si gvxvdeba. intuiciis donezec romelic moswavleebsa da maswav-
gasagebia, rom moswavleTa urT- lebels Soris arsebobs~ (gv. 86-87).
ierToba maswavlebelTan, gansa- mkvlevarTa garkveuli nawili mi-
kuTrebiT, zogadsaganmanaTleblo iCnevs, rom problemis saTaves mas-
skolis saSualo safexuris qvemoT, wavlebelTa mier `Cven-Tqven~ tipis
moswavleebisaTvis Zalian mniS- damokidebulebis Camoyalibeba war-
vnelovania. Sesabamisad, SeuZlebe- moadgens (flaqsi da qerni, 1990).
lia, es faqtori did zegavlenas ar mkvlevarebi, didi xania, muSao-
axdendes moswavlis qcevaze. ben maswavleblis im maxasiaTebleb-
kvleva, romelic zogadsagan- is dadgenaze, romelic mas moswav-
manaTleblo skolis saSualo safex- leebisaTvis ufro misaRebs xdis da,
uris 68 moswavlis monawileobiT Sesabamisad, moswavleebTan kargi
Catarda, adasturebs, rom moswav- urTierTobebis damyarebaSi uwyobs
leTa 84 %-is azriT, SeiZleboda xels (magaliTad, bari, 1958; gudi
disciplinuri problemebis Tavidan da brofi, 1995). am kvlevebis mixed-
acileba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maswav- viT, maswavlebelTa aseTi maxasi-
lebelTa da moswavleTa urTier- aTeblebia: yuradRebianoba, energi-
Toba ukeTesi iqneboda (SiTsi, 1994). uloba, optimizmi, moTmineba da a.
roza SiTsi da jeniva gei (1996), S. Tumca es kvlevebi moswavleTa da
 maswavleblis urTierToba moswavleebTan 55

maswavleblis urTierTobebis dina- SeiZleba moswavleebis interese-

mikas ar ikvleven. arsebobs ramden- bis mimarT yuradRebis nakleboba
ime sxva kvleva, romelic uSualod axldes. morCilebas ki, piriqiT,
am dinamikas Seiswavlis. mizanmimarTulobisa da sicxadis
klasis marTvis meTodebis kuTx- nakleboba axasiaTebs. ase rom, mo-
iT Tu mivudgebiT, maswavleblis swavleTa da maswavleblis urTier-
moswavleebTan urTierTobis dinami- TobaSi arc zedmeti dominantur-
kis erT-erTi saukeTeso kvleva Teo obaa optimaluri gamosavali da
vubelsma da misma kolegebma Caatares arc moswavleTa sruli morCileba.
(ix. vubelsi, breqelmansi, van TarT- igive SeiZleba iTqvas meore ganzo-
viqi da admirali, 1999; vubelsi da milebazec _ esaa TanamSromloba.
levi, 1993; breqelmansi, vubelsi da TanamSromlobis maRal dones
qreToni, 1990). timoTi leris (1957) axasiaTebs saWiroebebisa da mosaz-
naSromze dayrdnobiT, vubelsma rebebis gaTvaliswineba, survili,
da misma kolegebma (ix. vubelsi da rom imuSao gundis farglebSi, da
levi, 1993; vubelsi da sxvebi, 1999) ara individualurad. es yovelive
moaxdines im ori ganzomilebis iden- kargia, magram Tu TanamSromlo-
tifikacia, romelTa interaqciac bis donem eqstremalur xarisxs
moswavleebisa da maswavleblis urT- miaRwia, adamianebs aRar SeuZliaT
ierTobas gansazRvravs. erTi ganzo- damoukideblad qmedeba da jgu-
milebaa dominireba, xolo meore _ fis sxva wevrebis mosazrebebze
TanamSromloba. zedmetad damokidebulni xdebian.
Zlier dominantobas miznis TanamSromlobis sawinaaRmdego
sicxade da Zlieri xelmZRvaneloba fenomenia dapirispireba, anu an-
axasiaTebs. miznis Camoyalibeba da tagonizmi sxva adamianebisadmi da
xelmZRvaneloba rogorc swavlebis survili imisa, rom moxdes maTi
Sinaarsobriv nawils, ise klasSi miznebisa da survilebis ugulebe-
moswavleTa qcevis normebis regu- lyofa. maswavleblisa da moswav-
lirebas unda exebodes. eseni pozi- leTa urTierTobaSi TanamSrom-
tiuri maxasiaTeblebia, Tumca mas- lobisa da dapirispirebis ukidu-
wavleblis Zlier dominanturobas resi formebi ar Seuwyobs xels

diagrama 4.2
interaqcia dominanturobasa da TanamSromlobas Soris
dominantoba (maRali maCvenebeli)

maswavleblisa
da moswavleebis
optimaluri
dapirispireba urTierToba TanamSromloba
(maRali (maRali
maCvenebeli) maCvenebeli)

morCileba (maRali maCvenebeli)

56 klasis marTva

klasSi swavlaze orientirebuli ni, visac ufro xangrZlivi pedago-

garemos Camoyalibebas. maswavle- giuri gamocdileba aqvT. Tumca,
blisa da moswavleTa optimaluri gamomdinare iqidan, rom maT akli-
urTierToba SeiZleba zomieri (da aT lideruli gamocdileba, uWirT
ara ukiduresi) dominanturobisa dominantobis gamomJRavneba (vubel-
da TanamSromlobis principebs em- si da levi, 1993). maswavlebels, sa-
yarebodes. diagrama 4.2-ze warmod- Sualod, 6-10 weli sWirdeba, raTa
genilia es urTierToba. dominantur qcevaSi daxelovndes.
diagrama 4.2-ze gamuqebuli kva- samwuxarod, gamocdilebis mo-
drati warmoadgens maswavleblisa da matebasTan erTad, maswavleblebi
moswavleebis optimalur urTier- naklebad iyeneben TanamSromlo-
Tobas, TanamSromlobisa da dominan- biT principebs. rogorc vubelsi
turobis maCveneblebis mimarT. aR- da misi kolegebi aRniSnaven: `mas-
saniSnavia, rom es kvadrati dominan- wavleblebs usustdebaT Tanam-
turobisa da TanamSromlobis maRal SromlobiTi midgomebi da ufro
maCveneblebs ar moicavs. vubelsi da dapirispirebulni xdebian moswav-
misi kolegebi (1999) weren: leebTan. aseTi cvlileba, ra Tqma
unda, uaryofiT zegavlenas axdens
maswavleblebi unda iyvnen efeq- moswavleebTan damokidebulebebze~
turni swavlebis procesSi. ama- (vubelsi da sxvebi, 1999, gv. 166).
vdroulad, maT unda axasiaTeb- lian Cium da maiql Tulim
deT: megobruloba, daxmare- (1997) Caatares kvleva, romel-
bisTvis mzaoba, moswavlesTan ic adasturebs vubelsisa da misi
daaxloebis unari. maswavleb- kolegebis daskvnebs. Cium da Tu-
els unda SeeZlos moswavlisad- lim gamokiTxes 712 moswavle me-4,
mi TanagrZnobis gamomJRavneba, me-5 da me-6 klasebSi (368 gogona
misi mosmena da moswavlis sam- da 344 biWi). moswavleebs warmoud-
yaros wvdoma. kargi maswavle- gines maswavleblis mier gamosayen-
beli arasodesaa gaurkvevel ebeli klasis marTvis oTxi meTodi.
mdgomareobaSi, roca saqme mos- es meTodebi iyo:
wavleebTan komunikacias exeba; 1) wesebi / jildo _ sasjeli;
is ar aris buzRuna, moRuSu- 2) urTierToba _ mosmena;
li, ukmayofilo, agresiuli, 3) SeTanxmeba;
sarkastuli an advilad gaRi- 4) arc erTi midgoma ar aris
zianebadi. maswavlebels unda upiratesi.
SeeZlos standartebis damkvi- pirveli sami midgoma efuZne-
dreba, kontrolis SenarCuneba boda klasis marTvis sxvadasxva
da, amavdroulad, unda qmni­ stils, romelic uolfgangma da
des garemos, sadac moswavle gliqmanma (1986) Camoayalibes. wese­
grZnobs pasuxismgeblobebsa da bi / jildo _ sasjeli _ saTauri-
Tavisuflebas (gv. 167). danve ikveTeba, Tu ras gulisxmobs
es midgoma. maswavlebeli, romelic
saintereso dakvirveba: maswav- am midgomas iyenebs, moswavleebis
leblebi, romlebsac profesiuli winaSe wesebisa da procedurebis
praqtika axali dawyebuli aqvT, cxad artikulacias axdens. Tu mo-
realur cxovrebaSi ufro xSirad swavleebi wesebsa da procedurebs
atareben moswavleebTan Tanam- icaven, isini wamaxaliseblebs imsax-
Sromlobis principebs, vidre isi- ureben; Tu moswavleebi wesebsa da
 maswavleblis urTierToba moswavleebTan 57

diagrama 4.3
klasis marTvis romel stils aniWeben moswavleebi
upiratesobas?
wesebi / arc erTi
jildo _ midgoma ar aris
klasi sqesi sasjeli mosmena SeTanxmeba upiratesi jami
4 mamrobiTi 22 (20 %) 16 (15 %) 67 (62 %) 3 (3 %) 108
4 mdedrobiTi 24 (27 %) 16 (18 %) 47 (53 %) 2 (2 %) 89
5 mamrobiTi 16 (14 %) 27 (24 %) 65 (57 %) 6 (5 %) 114
5 mdedrobiTi 9 (10 %) 18 (20 %) 59 (64 %) 6 (7 %) 92
6 mamrobiTi 21 (14 %) 34 (23 %) 80 (55 %) 11 (8 %) 146
6 mdedrobiTi 29 (18 %) 24 (15 %) 102 (63 %) 8 (5 %) 163
jami 121 (17 %) 135 (19 %) 420 (59 %) 36 (5 %) 712
SeniSvna: adaptirebulia lian vang Ciusa da maiql Tulis TanxmobiT, kvlevidan _ moswavleTa
preferenciebi maswavleblis mier gamoyenebuli disciplinis dacvis midgomebisadmi, swavlebis
fsiqologiis Jurnali, 24 (3), 169 – 175. 1997.

procedurebs ar icaven, maT mimarT mas. sxva sityvebiT rom ganvmartoT

konkretuli disciplinuri zomebi da vubels rom davesesxoT, SeTanx­
tardeba. urTierToba _ mosmena _ meba warmoadgens dominanturobisa
maswavlebeli, romelic am stils da TanamSromlobis principebis
irCevs, nakleb yuradRebas aqcevs harmonizaciiT miRweul midgomas.
disciplinasTan dakavSirebul sa­ jere brofisa da qarolin ev-
kiTxebs. maswavleblisaTvis umniS- erTsonis (1976) mier Catarebuli
vnelovanesia moswavlis probleme- kvlevac maswavleblis midgomebSi
bis mogvareba, moswavlis mosmena. dominanturi da TanamSromlobis xa-
da bolos, SeTanxmeba _ es stili zebis Serwymis mniSvnelovnebas adas-
gulisxmobs disciplinis probleme- turebs. brofma da everTsonma gam-
bze yuradRebis gamaxvilebas, magram oikvlies me-2 da me-3 klasis 30-mde
garkveuli moqnilobiT. maswavle- maswavlebeli. es is maswavleblebi
beli garkveul zomebs atarebs mo- iyvnen, romelTa moswavleebic, sxva
swavlis mimarT, Tu es ukanaskneli maswavleblebis moswavleebTan Se-
disciplinis normebs arRvevs; Tum- darebiT, gansakuTrebul akademiur
ca, aseve, maswavlebeli moswavlis miRwevebs afiqsirebdnen. mkvleva-
problemebiTa da saWiroebebiTac rebma Semdegi daskvna gaakeTes:
interesdeba. moswavleTa pasuxebi
Sejamebulia diagrama 4.3-ze. maswavleblebi, romlebsac Sina-
diagrama 4.3-ze warmodgenili gani kontrolis grZnoba hqon-
Sedegebis mixedviT, moswavleebi daT da pirad pasuxismgeblobas
cxad upiratesobas aniWeben SeTanx­ iRebdnen klasSi ganviTarebul
mebis stils. am midgomas procen- movlenebze, imis demonstrirebas
tulad orjer meti moswavle uWers axdendnen, rom isini situacias
mxars, vidre romelime sxva midgo- akontrolebdnen [xazgasma gad-
58 klasis marTva

motanilia originalSi]. klasSi maswavleblisa da moswavleebis

es maswavleblebi Tavad ayal- urTierTobis Sesaxeb Catarebuli
ibebdnen da inarCunebdnen saswav- kvlevebi sxvadasxva tipis moswav-
lo garemos. Tumca isini xSirad lis gansxvavebuli saWiroebebis
iRebdnen rCevebs moswavleebisa- dakmayofilebasac exeba. sajaro
gan, mudmivad akontrolebdnen, skolebis maswavleblebs yvela ti-
rodis ra unda momxdariyo klas- pis moswavlesTan uxdebaT muSaoba,
Si. es is maswavleblebi iyvnen, msjavrdebulebisa da specialur
romelTa moswavleebic yvelaze samkurnalo dawesebulebebSi moT-
warmatebiT aumjobesebdnen aka- avsebuli axalgazrdebis gamok-
demiur moswrebas. (gv. 42). lebiT. yoveldRiurad saklaso
oTaxSi ara erTi moswavle Sedis,
brofisa da everTsonis mier ga- romelsac uamravi cxovrebiseuli
keTebuli daskvnebi TiTqmis igivea, problema awuxebs. diagrama 4.4-ze
rac vubelsis kvlevis Sedegebi. mo- mocemulia im problemebis mokle
swavleebisa da maswavleblis opti- Sejameba, romlebic moswavleebs
maluri urTierToba dominantobi- awuxebT da, Sesabamisad, is sakiTx-
sa da TanamSromlobis principebis ebi, romlebTan gamklavebac maswav-
Serwymas gulisxmobs. leblebs uwevT.

diagrama 4.4
moswavleTa mwvave problemebi
kategoria statistika

usaxlkaroba yovel Rames, daaxloebiT, 700 000 adamiani aTevs usaxlkarod;

yovelwliurad, 2 milioni adamiani iricxeba usaxlkarod.
cxovrebaSi erTxel mainc, usaxlkarod darCenila 12 milioni adamiani;
usaxlkaroTa 40%-s hyavs bavSvebi (usaxlkarobisa da siRaribis erovnuli
centri, 2001).

depresia yovelwliurad, mozardebis 8% ganicdis depresias (aSS-s janmrTelobisa da

adamianTa momsaxurebis departamenti, 2000);
9-dan 17 wlamde asakis axalgazrdebis 5% depresiaSia da maTi mxolod mcire
nawili gadis mkurnalobis kurss (Seferi, 2000).

TviTmkvle­loba 15-dan 19 wlamde asakis axalgazrdebSi TviTmkvlelobiT ufro meti iRupeba,

vidre nebismieri sxva avadmyofobiT;
10-dan 14 wlamde axalgazrdebSi TviTmkvleloba sikvdilis mTavari mizezia
(daavadebaTa kontrolis centri, 2000).

moZalade im moZalade da agresiul moswavleTa didi nawili, romelic skolidan

­moswavleebi garicxes, iwyeben janmrTelobisaTvis mavne nivTierebebis miRebas an
uviTardebaT fsiqikuri problemebi (mcirewlovanTa danaSaulisa da misi
prevenciis saagento, 2000);
Zaladobis msxverpli axalgazrdebis 56%-ze emociuri an fizikuri Zaladoba
skolaSi ganxorcielda (forTeri, efi da brianTi, 2000);
biWebis 50% da gogonebis 25% acxadebs, rom maT skolaSi fizikuri
Seuracxyofa miayenes (daavadebaTa kontrolis centri, 2000);
bavSvTa da mozardTa 20%-s, anu 11 milion adamians, aqvs ganviTarebasTan,
qcevasTan an emociur mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi, rac zrdis
risks, rom isini Caidenen Zaladobas an iqnebian Zaladobis msxverplni (forTeri
da sxvebi, 2000).

u gagrZeleba
 maswavleblis urTierToba moswavleebTan 59

diagrama 4.4
moswavleTa mwvave problemebi (gagrZeleba)
sakvebis zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis saSualo safexuris moswavleTa 18%-s aqvs
miReba-gada- bulimiis simptomebi (qrago, Sislaqi da estesi, 1996);
muSavebasTan nevrozuli anoreqsiis SemTxvevaTa 5-10% modis mamrobiTi sqesis
dakavSirebuli warmomadgenlebze (qrosqofe-hefeli, haCinsi, geci da heiesi, 2000).
problemebi

alkoholizmi aSS-Si bavSvebis 20% izrdeba ojaxSi, romelSic erTi wevri mainc aris
alkoholizmiT daavadebuli (narkotikul nivTierebaTa borotad gamoyenebis
erovnuli instituti, 2001);
ojaxebi, sadac erTi wevri mainc aris alkoholizmiT daavadebuli, ufro
midrekilni arian gabrazebisaken, naklebad axasiaTebT siTbos gamoxatva
da naklebad amyareben urTierTobebs im ojaxebTan, sadac alkoholizmiT
daavadebulebi ar arian (jonsoni, 2001);
bavSvTa uflebebis darRvevis SemTxvevaTa 81%-Si alkoholi figurirebs
(jonsoni, 2001).

yuradRebis skolis moswavleTa 3-dan 7% mde ganicdis yuradRebis deficitsa da

deficiti da hiperaqtiurobas, gansakuTrebiT, mamrobiTi sqesis warmomadgenlebi
hiperaqti- (amerikuli fsiqiatriuli asociacia, 2000);
uroba zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis dawyebiTi safexuris 1.6 milioni moswavlis,
daaxloebiT, 50%-s, yuradRebis deficitsa da hiperaqtiurobasTan erTad,
aReniSneba swavlis sirTuleebi (daavadebaTa kontrolis centri, 1997-98,
naSromidan `kvleviT dadgenilia yuradRebis deficitisa da hiperaqtiurobis
kavSiri swavlaSi unarSezRudulobasTan~);
im moswavleTa 3 _ 5 %-s, vinc yuradRebis deficitiTa da hiperaqtiurobiT
gamoirCeva, ukiduresi uyuradReboba axasiaTebs (erqi, 2000);
im moswavleTa 70 %, vinc yuradRebis deficitiTa da hiperaqtiurobiT
gamoirCeva, unarSezRudulia swavlaSi, xSirad ecvleba xasiaTi da Riziandeba
(rosi, 2002).

seqsualuri moswavleTa 6% moixseniebs sakuTar Tavs, rogorc homoseqsuals an

orientacia biseqsuals; 13 % ar aris gaTviTcnobierebuli sakuTar seqsualur
orientaciaSi. homoseqsual da biseqsual moswavleebs aqvT fsiqikuri an
sakvebis miReba-monelebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi; aseve, ufro aSinebT,
rom seqsualuri Seuracxyofis msxverplni iqnebian (harvardis samedicino
biuleteni, 2000).

dapatimrebuli 1.5 milion bavSvs hyavs mSobeli cixeSi;

mSoblebi 10 milioni bavSvis erT-erTi mSobeli mainc mjdara cixeSi (qlaineri, 2002).

siRaribe 15.7 milioni bavSvi cxovrobs ojaxSi, romelic, Semosavlis mixedviT,

siRaribis zRvars qvemoTaa. martoxela dedis Svilebis 50% siRaribeSi
izrdeba;
4 milioni moswavle drois umetes nawils mSoblebis gareSe atarebs (heri,
2002);
sofelSi Tu qalaqSi mcxovrebi Raribi bavSvebis 50% qcevis, emociuri an
swavlasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis mqonea (adelmani da Teilori, 2002).

seqsualuri da 1993 wels 1.55 milioni bavSvi iyo seqsualuri da fizikuri Zaladobis
fizikuri msxverpli, 1.22 milioni safrTxis qveS moiazreboda. 1986 welTan SedarebiT,
Seuracxyofa Seuracxyofis SemTxvevebi da safrTxis albaToba gaormagda (aSS-s
janmrTelobisa da adamianTa momsaxurebis departamenti, 1999);
saSualod, dReSi 5 bavSvi iRupeba meurvis mier miyenebuli Wrilobis an
xangrZlivi uyuradRebobis gamo (1999).
60 klasis marTva

sagulisxmoa diagrama 4.4-ze farglebSi maswavleblebs acnobd-

warmodgenili kvlevis Sedegebi. ros nen mokle istoriebs sxvadasxva
Tomfsoni da jenifer viaTi (1999) tipis moswavlesTan dakavSirebiT
bavSvebTan araswori mopyrobis (magaliTad, mtrulad ganwyobili
SemTxvevebs ikvlevdnen. Tomfsoni da agresiuli moswavleebi, pasiuri
da viaTi aRniSnaven, rom skolaSi da agresiuli moswavleebi, hiperaq-
disciplinis damrRvev moswavleTa tiuri moswavleebi da a.S.). kvlevam
did nawils fizikur an seqsualur daadgina, rom klasis yvelaze efeq-
SeuracxyofasTan dakavSirebuli turi mmarTvelebi gansxvavebul
problemebi aqvs. zogi Sefasebis strategiebs iyenebdnen sxvadasxva
mixedviT, disciplinis damrRvev- tipis moswavlesTan maSin, roca
Ta 60 _ 70 %-s aseTi gamocdileba araefeqturi mmarTvelebi yvela
aqvs. zogadad, skolis moswavleTa moswavlesTan, ZiriTadad, erTsa
12 _ 22 % gonebrivi, emociuri an da imave strategiebs iyenebdnen.
qceviTi darRvevebis matarebelia. klasis efeqturi mmarTvelebi,
am moswavleTa mcire nawili iRebs swavlebis meTodis SerCevisas,
saTanado samedicino daxmarebas iTvaliswinebdnen moswavlis indi-
(adelmani da Teilori, 2002). de- vidualur saWiroebebs. miuxedavad
mografiis politikis centris imisa, rom am kvlevaSi brofi ar
direqtori acxadebs, rom axalgaz- exeba maswavleblis urTierTobas
rdebis 40% skolaSi warumateblo- moswavleebTan, es kavSiri advilad
bis riskis qveSaa, im problemebis SesamCnevia. Tu maswavlebeli efeq-
gamo, romlebic maT skolis gareT turi menejeria, moswavleebs, gansa-
aqvT (adelmani da Teilori, 2002). kuTrebiT maT, visac disciplinas-
skolis konsultantebis asociacia Tan dakavSirebuli problemebi
ki Tvlis, rom saWiroa problemebis aqvs, erTnairad ar epyroba _ zog
mqone moswavleTa daxmareba, risT- moswavles waxaliseba sWirdeba,
visac skolis maswavleblis xelT sxvas _ SeniSvna, zogs ki _ mkacri
arsebuli resursebi sakmarisi ar sayveduri. brofi (1996) saintereso
aris (duni da beiqeri, 2002). rCevas aZlevs maswavleblebs: sxva-
skola SeiZleba iyos is erTad- dasxva tipis moswavlisaTvis maT
erTi adgili, romelic am bavSvebs unda gamoimuSaon `daxmarebis aR-
daexmareba. miuxedavad imisa, rom moCenis unarebi~.
am problemaTa gadaWraSi moswav-
leTa daxmareba ar warmoadgens mas-
wavleblis oficialur movaleobas, programebi
maTi umravlesoba faqtis winaSe
dgeba. jere brofim es sakiTxi TiTqmis ar gvxvdeba mxolod maswav-
klasis strategiis Seswavlis far- leblisa da moswavleTa urTierTo-
glebSi gamoikvlia (ix. brofi, 1996; baze orientirebuli programebi.
brofi da maqqaslini, 1992). kvleva Tumca maswavlebelTa ganviTare-
siRrmiseuli interviuebis meTo- bis erT-erTi programa am kuTxiT
dis gamoyenebiT Catarda da masSi Zalian sainteresoa. am programis
monawileobas iRebda 98 maswav- saxelwodebaa maswavleblis molo­
lebeli. am maswavlebelTa nawili dini da moswavlis akademiuri mo­
aRiarebul iqna, rogorc klasis swreba (TESA) (qermani, qimboli da
efeqturi mmarTveli, xolo nawili marTini, 1980). amerikis SeerTebul
_ rogorc araefeqturi. kvlevis StatebSi es programa aRiarebulia,
 maswavleblis urTierToba moswavleebTan 61

rogorc ` maswavlebelTa profesi-

uli ganviTarebis yvelaze farTod
gavrcelebuli programa~ (joisi
da Sauersi, 1988, gv. 42). programa
efuZneba maswavlebelTa molodinis rekomendaciebi
farTo kvlevas (ix. rozenTali da maswavleblebs
jakobsoni, 1968).
TESA-s mTavari principia: mas-
wavlebels yvela moswavlisadmi
rekomendacia 1 q
Tanaswori damokidebuleba unda
hqondes da unda Seqmnas atmosfe- gamoiyeneT konkretuli meTodebi,
ro, romelSic yvela moswavle Tana- raTa klasSi saTanado done daam­
bar yuradRebas iRebs. am principis kvidroT.
gaTvaliswinebiT, programa yura-
dRebas amaxvilebs maswavleblis 15 maswavleblisa da moswavleebis
qcevaze, romelsac efeqturi mas- efeqtur urTierTobas safuZvlad
wavleblebi yvelaze xSirad gamoi- udevs dominanturobasa da Tanam-
yeneben. Sromlobas Soris jansaRi balansi.
es qcevebi SeiZleba sam kat- am balansis miRwevas arTulebs is,
egoriad daiyos: pasuxis SesaZle- rom moswavleebi, rogorc wesi, mxo­
blobebi, komentaris gakeTeba, lod maswavleblis qcevis mixedviT
pirovnuloba. pasuxis SesaZle­ msjeloben imaze, Tu ramdenad xe-
blobebi exeba pozitiuri pasuxis lmZRvanelobs da ramdenad Tana-
Tanabar ganawilebas, moswavleebis mSromlobs maTTan maswavlebeli.
individualur daxmarebas, pasuxis vubelsi, breqelmansi, van TarTviki
Seyovnebas (anu, ramden xans elode- da admirali (1999) weren:
ba maswavlebeli moswavlis pasuxs)
da SekiTxvebis tipebs. komentaris CvenTvis yvela qceva, romelsac
gakeTeba exeba swori saqcielis erTi adamiani sxva adamian(eb)-
aRiarebas, Seqebasa da Seqebis miz- is TandaswrebiT amJRavnebs,
ezebis axsnas, mosmenas. pirovnu­ aris komunikacia. Sesabamisad,
loba gulisxmobs siaxloves, Tava- SeuZlebelia, rom adamiani ar
zianobas, pirad dainteresebas. [xazgasmulia originalSi] am-
TESA-s Sesaxeb Catarebulma Tav- yarebdes komunikacias, roca is
dapirvelma kvlevebma daadastura, marto ar aris... rogoric unda
rom mas dadebiTi zegavlena hqonda iyos adamianis ganzraxva, sxva
moswavleebisa da maswavleblebis adamiani misi qcevidan yovelT-
qcevaze iseve, rogorc moswavleTa vis sakuTar daskvnas gamoitans.
akademiur moswrebaze (ix. qermani, magaliTad, Tu maswavlebeli ig-
qimboli da marTini, 1980; sedqeri norirebas ukeTebs moswavlee-
da sedqeri, 1994; greisoni da mar- bis SekiTxvebs imis gamo, rom
Tini, 1985). Tumca, aris kvlevebi, ar esmis es SekiTxvebi, moswav-
romlebic TESA-s efeqturobas leebma SeiZleba CaTvalon, rom
calmxrivad ar aRiareben (ix. goT- maswavlebeli maT yuradRebas
fredsoni, marsiniaqi, birdsai da ar aqcevs; maswavlebeli Zalian
goTfredsoni, 1995). dakavebulia; maswavlebeli maT
SekiTxvebs sulelurad miiCnevs;
maTi SekiTxvebi aris uadgilo
62 klasis marTva

da sxva. ase rom, moswavleTa emeri, everTsoni da uorSami aRw-

daskvna, romelic maswavleblis eren mkacr qcevas, romelic, uSua-
konkretul qcevas mohyveba, Sei- lod, klasis saWiroebebzea morge-
Zleba srulebiT gansxvavebuli buli. mkvlevarebi am midgomas `kon-
iyos maswavleblis Canafiqrisa- struqciul simkacres~ uwodeben.
gan (gv. 153 – 154). rogorc isini xsnian, `zedsarTavi
konstruqciuli gulisxmobs imas,
maswavlebelma unda SeZlos, rom maswavlebeli moswavleze Set-
rom daabalansos qcevebi, romlebic evas ar unda axorcielebdes~ (gv.
dominantobisa da TanamSromlobis 146). simkacris gamoxatva SeiZleba
saWiro doneebs gamoxataven. qve- aRiarebul iqnas, rogorc maswav-
moT jer dominantobis gamomxatvel leblis qcevis maxasiaTebelTa er-
qcevebs ganvixilavT. aRsaniSnavia, Toblioba, romelic Semdgom sam
rom me-2 da me-3 TavSi warmodgenili kategorias moicavs:
wesebisa da procedurebis Camoyal-
1. simkacris gamoxatva araverbal-
ibeba/dacva, iseve rogorc disci-
uri saSualebebiT: mxedvelo-
plinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli
biTi kontaqti; welSi gamarTu-
RonisZiebebis gatareba, dominanto-
loba; disciplinis damrRvevis
bis saTanado donis gamomJRavnebi-
pirispir dgoma, magram ara ise
saken mimavali gzebia. sxva sityve-
axlos, rom es moswavlisaTvis
biT, Tu maswavlebelma konkretuli
muqaras warmoadgendes; saxis
wesebi da procedurebi daamkvidra
gamometyvelebis saTqmelTan Se-
da, disciplinis darRvevis SemTx-
sabamisoba.
vevebis sapasuxod, konkretul sa-
2. xmis Sesaferisi tonis gamoyen-
pasuxo RonisZiebebs atarebs, aseve,
eba: cxadad da gamokveTilad
aRiarebs moswavleTa damsaxurebas,
saubari; Cveulebrivze odnav
roca isini disciplinis normebs
maRali toniT saubari; xmis da-
icaven, maswavlebels namdvilad
cla yovelgvari emociisagan.
dominanturi pozicia ukavia klas-
3. muSaoba manam, sanam sasurveli
Si. aseTi urTierTobisaTvis, aseve,
qceva ar iqneba miRweuli: ara-
saWiroa garkveuli simkacris gamox-
sodes tovebs uyuradRebod mo-
atva da saswavlo miznebis cxadad
swavlis araswor saqciels.
Camoyalibeba.
qvemoT moyvanili nawyvetebi war-
moadgenen karg magaliTs, Tu rogor
u simkacris gamoxatva SeuZlia maswavlebels simkacris
gamoxatva zogadsaganmanaTleblo
simkacris gamoxatva maswavlebels skolis dawyebiT da saSualo safex-
sakuTari dominanturi rolis saCve- urebze:
neblad sWirdeba. emeris, everTsoni-
sa da uorSamis (2003) mixedviT, sim- zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis
kacris gamoxatva aris `unari, rom dawyebiTi safexuri
daicva sakuTari uflebebi im for-
miT, romelic SeuZlebels gaxdis batoni sandersi yovelTvis
sxvaTa mxridan maT ignorirebas an rTavs me-4 klasis moswavleebs
gverdis avlas~ (gv. 146). simkacris wesebisa da procedurebis Camoy­
gamoxatva gansxvavdeba rogorc alibebis procesSi. moswavleebs
agresiuli, ise pasiuri qcevisagan. SeuZliaT, klasSi sxvadasxva
 maswavleblis urTierToba moswavleebTan 63

sakiTxi daayenon, romelic unda auwios. qalbatoni falm­

wesebs, procedurebs, maTTan eris wynari da myari midgoma
dakavSirebul reaqciasa Tu jil­ efeqturia.
dos ukavSirdeba. Tumca batoni
sandersi kargad agebinebs mos­
wavleebs, rom aris garkveuli u saswavlo miznebis cxadad
sakiTxebi, romlebic ganxilvas Camoyalibeba
ar eqvemdebareba. `es is sakiTxia,
romelsac batoni sandersi Ta­ dominantobis saTanado donis
vad wyvets~, aseT pasuxs aZlevs gamoxatvis meore gzaa saswavlo
xolme zogjer maswavlebeli mo­ miznebis cxadad Camoyalibeba. igu-
swavleebs. maswavlebeli ise aw­ lisxmeba konkretuli Tavis, semes-
yobs urTierTobas bavSvebTan, tris an wlis ganmavlobaSi misaRw-
rom wlis dasawyisSive iazreben evi saswavlo miznebi. maswavleblis
moswavleebi, raze SeiZleba dis­ saqmianoba Semdegi amocanebis Ses-
kusiis mowyoba da raze _ ara. rulebas unda ukavSirdebodes:
• saswavlo miznebis Camoyalibeba
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis
axali Tavis dasawyisSi;
saSualo safexuri
• moswavleebisaTvis Sefasebis ga-
roca zogadsaganmanaTleblo ziareba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu
sko­lis saSualo safexuris mos­ rogori warmatebiT uaxlovde-
wavle gabrazebulia, is SeiZle­ bian isini saswavlo miznebs;
ba saSiSi iyos. qalbatoni falme­ • miznebis mudmivi gadaxedva;
ri aris momcro tanis, gamxdari • saboloo Sefasebis warmodgena
maswavlebeli, didi xnis pedago­ moswavleebisaTvis, ama Tu im
giuri gamocdilebiT; man ukve Temis dasrulebis Semdeg.
iswavla, Tu rogor unda dadges amocanebis misaRwevad, sasargebloa
myarad maSin, roca moswavle si­ rubrikebis gamoyeneba. magaliTad,
brazes gamoxatavs. roca, magal­ davuSvaT, rom maswavlebelma moce-
iTad, moswavle masTan, ama Tu im muli Tavis saswavlo miznad `wilade-
wesis an niSnis Sesaxeb, iwyebs bis gageba da gamoyeneba~ dasaxa. mas-
yvirils, maswavlebeli welSi wavlebels SeuZlia, moswavleebs war-
gamarTuli dgas, moswavles moudginos Semdegi rubrika, rogorc
TvalebSi uyurebs da eubneba: garkveuli saxelmZRvanelo imisa, Tu
`me mzad var, SenTan erTad gan­ ras moelis maTgan maswavlebeli:
vixilo es sakiTxi mxolod mas
4. moswavles esmis wiladebis maxa-
Semdeg, rac iseve wynarad dame­
siaTeblebi; kargad SeuZlia axs-
laparakebi, rogorc me gesau­
nas, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba fun-
brebi axla~. iSviaTad Wris es
qciebi aTwiladebsa da procen-
sityvebi pirveli TqmisTanave
tebs. moswavles SeuZlia, wiladi
da maswavlebels xSirad uwevs
aTwiladad aqcios da axsnas es
maTi ramdenjerme ganmeoreba.
procesi.
am winadadebis ramdenjerme
3. moswavles esmis wiladebis Zir-
Tqma ara mxolod moswavles ai­
iTadi maxasiaTeblebi; icis,
Zulebs, Cawvdes maswavleblis
rogor ukavSirdeba wiladebi
naTqvams, aramed Tavad maswav­
aTwiladebsa da procentebs.
lebels axsenebs, rom man xmas ar
64 klasis marTva

moswavles SeuZlia wiladis aT­ karg magaliTs, Tu rogor SeuZlia

wiladad qceva. maswavlebels rubrikebis gamoy-
2. moswavles esmis Semdegi sakiTxe- enebiT saswavlo miznebis dasaxva
bi, magram aqvs garkveuli sirTu- zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis
leebi: wiladebis maxasiaTeble- dawyebiT da saSualo safexurebze:
bi; urTierTkavSiri wiladebs,
aTwiladebsa da procentebs So- zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis
ris; wiladebis qceva aTwilade- dawyebiTi safexuri
bad.
1. moswavles seriozuli proble­ `moswavleebi Tavs mabezreben
mebi aqvs Semdeg sakiTxebTan SekiTxvebiT, Tu ra niSans davu­
dakavSirebiT: wiladebis maxa- wer. me ki ar vuwer, aramed isini
siaTeblebi; urTierTkavSiri wi­ Tavad gamoimuSaveben niSnebs~,
ladebs, aTwiladebsa da procen­ es iyo axalgazrda maswavle­
tebs Soris; wiladebis qceva blis sityvebi, romelsac sem
aTwiladebad. flandersi mentorobas uwevda.
sem flandersma aseTi pasuxi
am rubrikis saSualebiT, moswav- gasca: `axla gagiziarebT, ra
leebs maswavlebelma saswavlo daskvnamdec Cemi pedagogiuri
miznebi Zalian kargad da cxadad praqtikiT mivedi: roca mos­
SeiZleba warmoudginos. es aris wavleTa Sefasebas Cavufiqrdi,
dominanturi rolis damkvidrebis aRmovaCine, rom mravali faqto­
erT-erTi saSualeba. gavixsenoT: ris gaTvaliswinebiT vuwerdi
dominantoba gulisxmobs, rom mas- moswavleebs niSnebs. Sesabam­
wavlebeli xelmZRvanelobs klass isad, gasakviri ar iyo, rom isini
ara mxolod disciplinis sakiTx- niSnebis daweraze saubrobdnen,
ebSi, aramed akademiur sferoSic. da ara niSnebis damsaxurebaze.
detaluri rubrika moswavles aCve- axla Cem mier micemul davale­
nebs, rom maswavlebels kargad aqvs bas yovelTvis Tan axlavs sas­
gaazrebuli saswavlo miznebi da wavlo miznebi da TiToeul mi­
gamoyofs am miznebis miRwevis do- zanTan dakavSirebuli rubrika.
neebs. aseve, rubrika warmatebis moswavleebs ukve kargad esmiT,
kriteriumebis kargi demonstrire- rom umaRlesi niSnis misaRebad
bis saSualebas warmoadgens. roca ZiriTadi cnebebis siRrmiseuli
maswavlebeli moswavleebs aseT codna an kompetenciebis gamoy­
rubrikas axali Tavis dasawyisSi enebis Zalian kargi unari unda
miawvdis, maT cxadi akademiuri gamoamJRavnon. ase rom, isini
miznebis dasaxvaSi exmareba. maswav- aRar mexvewebian, davuwero maR­
lebels SeuZlia, sxvadasxva saxis ali niSnebi; maT ician, ra unda
Sinaarsobriv masalasTan dakav- gaakeTon, rom es niSnebi daim­
Sirebul rubrikebs Semdeg wignebSi saxuron~.
gaecnos: `Sefasebis transforma-
cia~ (marzano, 2000b), `moswavleTa zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis
swavlis Sedegebis Sefaseba: swavlis saSualo safexuri
ganzomilebebis modelis gamoyen-
eba Sefasebis procesSi~ (marzano, qalbaton blaiTens moswav­
fiqeringi da maqTige, 1993). qvemoT leebi ufro da ufro meti uk­
moyvanili nawyvetebi warmoadgenen mayofilebiT epyrobodnen,
 maswavleblis urTierToba moswavleebTan 65

roca maswavlebeli maT swav­ dacva, saTanado reagireba moswav-

lis Sedegebis gaumjobesebaze leebis araswor pasuxebze.
esaubreboda. `kargiT, ra, qal­
batono blaiTen”, `me mgoni, u moqnili saswavlo miznebis
Cemi namuSevari Zalian kargia Camoyalibeba
da gaumjobeseba ar sWirdeba~,
_ ambobdnen moswavleebi. mas­ pirvel rekomendaciaSi avxsen-
wavlebels iseTi STabeWdile­ iT, Tu rogor uwyobs xels saswav-
ba rCeboda, rom moswavleebi lo miznebis naTlad Camoyalibeba
ver iazrebdnen Sefasebis arss maswavleblis dominanturi rolis
da imas, Tu ras warmoadgenda damkvidrebas. saswavlo miznebTan
konkretuli saswavlo miznebi, dakavSirebuli garkveuli qceva mas-
romelTa miRwevis mixedviTac wavleblis mxridan TanamSromlobis
iwereboda niSnebi. am mdgo­ demonstrirebasac axdens. magali-
mareobis gamosworebis mizniT, Tad, moswavleebisaTvis saSualebis
erT dRes maswavlebelma mos­ micema, rom axali Tavis dasawyisSi
wavleebs xelaxla dauriga ru­ maTTan erTad Camoyalibdes sas-
brikebi da daavala, gadaeTarg­ wavlo miznebi, an moswavleebisagan
mnaT isini `moswavleTaTvis imis gageba, Tu ra molodinebi aqvT
misaReb enaze~. es ukanaskneli ama Tu im TemasTan dakavSirebiT, ra
gulisxmobda iseTi sityve­ codna surT, SeiZinon. warmoidgi-
bis gamoyenebas, rogorebicaa: neT, rom axali Tavis Temaa wilade-
`magari~, `gasagiJebeli~ da a.S. bi da ukve CamoayalibeT rubrika,
am dRis Semdeg, nawerebis Sesa­ romelic zemoT iyo warmodgeni-
faseblad moswavleebi sakuTar li. Tqven SegiZliaT, moswavleebs
enaze Camoyalibebul rubrikas sTxo­voT, wiladebTan dakavSirebiT
iyenebdnen, axdendnen sakuTari ramdenime iseTi aspeqtis identi-
sisusteebisa da Zlieri mxaree­ fikacia moaxdinon, romelic maTT-
bis identifikacias. rubrike­ vis gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa; es
bis moswavleTa misaReb enaze aspeqtebi SeiZleba saswavlo miz-
`Targmnas~ mohyva is, rom mos­ nebsa da rubrikas daematos. aseTi
wavleebma gacilebiT ukeT gai­ qceviT maswavlebeli moswavleebs
azres weris miznebi. agrZnobinebs, rom misTvis moswav-
leTa interesebi Zalian mniSvnelo-
vania. qvemoT moyvanili nawyvetebi
rekomendacia 2 q warmoadgenen karg magaliTs, Tu
rogor SeuZlia maswavlebels moq-
gamoiyeneT konkretuli meTodebi, nili saswavlo miznebis Camoyalibe-
raTa TanamSromlobis saTanado ba zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis
done daamkvidroT klasSi. dawyebiT da saSualo safexurebze:
maswavlebels qcevis oTxi konkret- zogadsaganmanaTleblo
uli tipis gamoyeneba SeuZlia, raTa
skolis dawyebiTi safexuri
moswavleebs gaagebinos, rom Tanam-
Sromlobis principebis erTgulia. yoveli axali gakveTilis da­
esenia: moqnili saswavlo miznebis sawyisSi qalbatoni filipsis
Camoyalibeba, moswavleebis mimarT me-3 klaselebi saswavlo mizne­
interesis gamoxatva, Tanasworobis
66 klasis marTva

bis cxrils iyenebdnen. amjerad bis gamoyeneba literaturaSi~.

qalbatonma filipsma moswav­ moswavleebs unda SeeswavlaT
leebs saswavlo miznebis cxri­ klasikuri literaturis maxa­
lis Camoyalibeba axali Tavis siaTeblebi da Semdeg am maxa­
dasawyisSi SesTavaza. es Tavi siaTeblebis mixedviT gaer­
eleqtroobas exeboda. maswav­ CiaT Seqspiris nawarmoebebi,
lebelma moswavleebs hkiTxa, raTa ganesazRvraT, ramdenad
Tu ra icodnen eleqtroobis SeiZleboda, rom Seqspiris
Sesaxeb, Semdeg ki sTxova, Camo­ piesebi klasikur nawarmoe­
eyalibebinaT, Tu risi swavla bebad yofiliyo aRiarebuli.
surdaT. qalbatoni filipsi amasTanave, batonma bardma mo­
moswavleTa ideebs flipCar­ swavleebs sTxova, dakvirve­
tze gulmodgined iniSnavda. bodnen sityva `klasikuris~
roca moswavleebma Camoayal­ meore mniSvnelobas, roca es
ibes is sakiTxebi, rac icod­ sityva filmebTan, sport­
nen da risi swavlac surdaT, Tan, modasTan, manqanebTan,
maswavlebelma maT saswavlo televiziasTan da musikasTan
gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli dakavSirebiT ixmareba. batoni
sakiTxebis nusxa dauriga. `Cven bardis TxovniT, moswavleebs
am miznebs aucileblad unda unda SeerCiaT maTi interesis
mivaRwioT~, _ uTxra maswavle­ erTi sfero da Camoeyalibebi­
belma me-3 klaselebs. `magram naT, Tu ra iTvleboda klasi­
msurs, rom Tqveni interesebic kurad am sferoSi. moswavleebma
davakmayofiloT. Sesabamisad, da batonma bardma aRmoaCines,
gTavazobT, am miznebs davu­ Tu raoden xSirad SeiZleboda
matoT Tqvens interesebSi Se­ gamoyenebuliyo `klasikuris~
mavali sakiTxebic~. muSaobis cneba interesis ama Tu im sfe­
procesSi qalbatonma filipsma ros mimarT. batonma bardma
SeamCnia, rom moswavleebis mier SeniSna, rom am axali saswavlo
Camoyalibebuli saswavlo miz­ miznis SemotaniT sasikeTo
nebi zogjer gacilebiT sain­ Sedegs miaRwia: moswavleebi
teresod JRerda, vidre saswav­ ufro meti gagebiT moekidnen
lo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli mis did siyvaruls Seqspiri­
miznebi. sadmi, radgan dainaxes, rom mas­
wavlebeli im sferoebiT dain­
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis teresda, romelic maTTvis iyo
saSualo safexuri mimzidveli.

baton bards did siamovnebas

aniWebda Seqspiris swavleba u interesis gamoxatva
da zogjer sinanulis grZnoba moswavleebis mimarT
ipyrobda, roca ver grZnobda
analogiur interess Tavisi mo­ gazviadebad ar CaiTvleba imis
swavleebis mxridan. erT wels aRniSvna, rom yvela moswavle afa­
batonma bardma saswavlo miz­ sebs maswavleblis mxridan mis­dami
nebs Semdegi winadadeba daama­ pirovnuli interesis gamomJRavne-
ta: `moswavleebs unda esmodeT bas. ufro metic, zogi moswav-
da SeeZloT `klasikuris~ cne­ lisaTvis maswavleblis mier mis-
 maswavleblis urTierToba moswavleebTan 67

dami gamoxatuli interesi swavlis movnebiT gavecnobi. weris pro­

procesis ganmsazRvreli faqtoria cesSi es Senc dagexmareba. de­
(maqqombsi da uisleri, 1997; qomb- voni siamovnebisagan gaibadra;
si, 1982). Sesabamisad, maswavleblis ar eloda, rom maswavlebeli
mxridan moswavlisadmi interesis SeamCnevda mis gatacebas cxen­
gamomxatveli nebismieri Jesti mo- ebiT. devons aqamde aravisTan
swavleTaTvis swavlis procesis wa- usaubria imis Sesaxeb, rom cxe­
maxaliseblad SeiZleba iqces. qve- nebi uyvarda. Tavadac ar Seum­
moT moyvanilia moswavlis mimarT Cnevia, rom misi Canaxatebi sul
interesis gamoxatvis ramdenime sa- cxenebs ukavSirdeboda, sanam
Sualeba: amaze maswavlebelma ar miuTi­
• gakveTilis dawyebamde, gakveTi- Ta. devons erTi suli hqonda,
lis msvlelobis dros da misi rom suraTebi moetana da mas­
dasrulebis Semdeg, moswav- wavleblisTvis eCvenebina. mou­
leebTan araformaluri saubari lodnelad devonma isic Seam­
maTi interesebis Sesaxeb; Cnia, rom momavali davalebis
• misalmeba da maTi mokiTxva sko- dawera ufro sainteresod
lis gareT, sxvadasxva RonisZie- eCveneboda _ is cxenebis Sesaxeb
bebze, maRaziaSi da a.S. moTxrobis SeTxzvas apirebda.
• informaciis miReba da komen-
tarebis gakeTeba sxvadasxva zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis
movlenaze, romelic moswav- saSualo safexuri
leTa cxovrebaSi met-naklebad
roca skolis gazeTis axali
mniSvnelovania, magaliTad,
nomeri gamodioda, qalbatoni
sportul, Teatralur an sxva
jeqsoni yuradRebiT ecnoboda
RonisZiebebSi monawileoba;
mas. es maswavleblisaTvis mos­
• moswavleTa Seqeba, roca isini
wavleTa interesebis dasadgen
warmatebas aRweven arasaskolo
erT-erT karg saSualebas war­
RonisZiebebSi;
moadgenda, gansakuTrebiT, maT
• moswavleebis migebeba klasis
Sesaxeb, vinc naklebad aqtiuri
SesasvlelTan da TiToeuli maT-
Canda. bavSvebi gakvirvebiT
ganis misalmeba.
Sexedavdnen xolme maswavleb­
qvemoT moyvanili nawyvetebi war- els, roca es ukanaskneli maTi
moadgenen karg magaliTs, Tu rogor piradi gamocdilebis Sesaxeb
SeuZlia maswavlebels moswavleebis dausvamda xolme SekiTxvas.
mimarT interesis gamoxatva zogad- magaliTad, Tu rogor gaa­
saganmanaTleblo skolis dawyebiT tares dro moxalisis samuSaos
da saSualo safexurebze: Sesrulebisas veterinarul
klinikaSi, an rogor Caiara
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis amaswinandelma debatebma.
dawyebiTi safexuri
u Tanasworobis dacva
`vamCnev, rom yvela Seni Canaxa­
ti cxenebs ukavSirdeba. mec maswavlebelsa da moswavleTa So-
miyvarda cxenebi, roca patara ris efeqturi urTierTobebis
gogo viyavi. moitane Semdeg damyarebis kuTxiT (qermani, qim-
gakveTilze Seni suraTebi, sia­ boli da marTini, 1980; sedqeri da
68 klasis marTva

sedqeri, 1994; greisoni da marTini, roca qalbatoni maqinTairi

1985), gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa klasSi diskusias marTavda,
strategia, romelic Tanaswor da cdilobda, moswavleebisaTvis
pozitiur interaqciasTan dakav- maqsimaluri gamoxatvis saSu­
Sirebul qcevas ukavSirdeba, magal- aleba mieca, gansakuTrebiT,
iTad: axali Temis dasawyisSi. mas­
• klasSi myof yvela moswavlesTan wavlebeli moswavleTa yvela
mxedvelobiTi kontaqtis dam- mosazrebas (moswavleebis sa­
yareba (amis gakeTeba SesaZlebe- xe­lebis miTiTebiT) prezen­
lia, Tu maswavlebeli saubris taciaSi iniSnavda. meore dRes
dros sxvadasxva moswavleze igi, proeqtoris gamoyenebiT,
aCerebs mzeras); saklaso oTaxSi wina dRis mosazrebebs mTeli
maswavleblis Tavisufali moZ- klasis winaSe warmoadgenda da
raoba; ufro siRrmiseuli diskusiis
• saklaso mecadineobis ganmav- warmarTvas uwyobda xels. mo­
lobaSi, maswavleblis miaxloeba swavleebma, romlebsac klasSi
TiToeul moswavlesTan; moswav- mosazrebebis Riad gamoxatva
leTa ganlageba klasSi maTi da eridebodaT, icodnen, rom
maswavleblis Tavisufali gad- qalbatoni maqinTairisaTvis
aadgilebis saSualebas unda iZ- TavianTi Sexedulebebi pira­
leodes; dad SeeZloT miewodebinaT;
• moswavleTa mier warmodgenil maswavlebeli am Sexedulebebs
ideebze maTi saavtoro ufleb- krebda da meore dRes klasSi
is SenarCuneba (magaliTad, dis- warmosadgen prezentacias am­
kusiis dros maswavlebelma Sei- atebda. aseTi gziT, maswavle­
Zleba aRniSnos: `denisma, es-es beli Tavs uyrida, rogorc aq­
aris, meris mosazrebas axali tiuri, ise SedarebiT morideb­
idea daamata...~) uli moswavleebis mosazrebebs
• maswavleblis mier yvela moswav- da xels uwyobda maT ganxilvas.
lis waxaliseba, raTa maT aqtiuri
monawileoba miiRon diskusiebsa u saTanado reagireba
da interaqciaSi; maswavleblis moswavleebis araswor
mier specialuri Zalisxmevis pasuxebze
gaReba, raTa diskusiaSi CaerTon
is moswavleebi, romlebic nak- SekiTxvebis dasma swavlebis erT-
lebad aqtiurebi arian; erTi meTodia. moswavlisaTvis
• SekiTxvis dasmis Semdeg mos- Zalian mniSvnelovania maswavle-
wavleTaTvis garkveuli drois blis mier mis araswor an ararse-
micema, imisda miuxedavad, Tu bul pasuxebze reagirebis forma
rogori akademiuri moswrebiT (hanTeri, 1969). roca moswavles ar
an SesaZleblobebiT gamoirCe- SeuZlia maswavleblis mier das-
vian moswavleebi. mul SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacema, an
araswor pasuxs scems, is Zalian
qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti warmoad-
mgrZnobiare xdeba. aseT momenteb-
gens karg magaliTs, Tu rogor Seu-
Si maswavleblis reagireba Zalian
Zlia maswavlebels zemoT aRwerili
mniSvnelovania, moswavlesTan moma-
meTodebis klasSi gamoyeneba:
vali warmatebuli an warumatebeli
 maswavleblis urTierToba moswavleebTan 69

urTierTobis damyarebis Tvalsaz- Zlia maswavlebels zemoT aRwerili

risiT. aseT situaciebSi maswavle- meTodebis klasSi gamoyeneba:
belma SeiZleba Semdegi strategie-
bi gamoiyenos: devids yvelaze metad im mo­
mentebis eSinoda, roca mas­
• xazgasma imisa, rac pasuxSi swori
wavlebeli mas klasis winaSe
iyo, anu zogadad araswori pa-
gamoiZaxebda, radgan am dros
suxis im nawilis gamokveTa, sa-
yvela moswavlis mzera masze
dac Secdoma ar iyo daSvebuli
iyo mimarTuli, yvela mas Ses­
da im adgilis aRniSvna, saidanac
cqeroda da maswavlebeli ki
moswavlem msjelobis araswori
swor pasuxs eloda. maSinac ki,
gza airCia. im SekiTxvis identi-
roca devidma SekiTxvis pasuxi
fikacia, romelze gamoxmaure-
icoda, ise ibneoda, rom gone­
basac moswavlis araswori pasuxi
ba ubneldeboda. ufro uares
warmoadgenda;
mdgomareobaSi agdebda mas­
• TanamSromlobis waxaliseba.
wavleblis Tbili sityvebi: `eg
moswavleebisTvis saSualebis
araferi, devid, nu nerviulob~.
micema, rom Tanatolebisagan mi-
sxvagvari situacia iyo batoni
iRon daxmareba. am strategiam
frostis klasSi. devids da bevr
SeiZleba dadebiTad imoqmedos
sxva moswavlesac baton frost­
moswavlis swavlis Sedegebze da
Tan muSaoba Zalian uyvardaT.
daexmaros moswavles SekiTxvaze
maswavlebeli dafaze Camow­
ufro swori pasuxis Camoyalibe-
erda xolme yvela im SekiTxvas,
baSi;
romlis dasmasac gakveTilis
• SekiTxvis ganmeoreba. SekiTx-
ganmavlobaSi apirebda. bato­
vis meored dasma moswavles met
ni frosti SekiTxvebis dasmas
dros aZlevs imisaTvis, rom pa-
ase iwyebda: `SexedeT pirvel
suxi moifiqros;
SekiTxvas. miubrundiT Tqvens
• SekiTxvis perefrazi. erTi da
partniors da moaxseneT mas
imave SekiTxvis sxvadasxvagvar-
Tqveni pasuxi. amisaTvis sami
ad Camoyalibeba moswavleebs
wuTi gaqvT. daiwyeT~. sami wuTis
SekiTxvis ukeT gagebaSi exmare-
gasvlis Semdeg, maswavlebeli
ba;
moswavleebs iZaxebda da pasuxs
• miniSnebebis micema. moswavle-
sTxovda. moswavles SeeZlo,
TaTvis saTanado miniSnebebis
warmoedgina sakuTari pasuxi,
micema daexmareba maT pasuxis
partnioris pasuxi, an part­
CamoyalibebaSi;
niorisaTvis eTxova misi pasux­
• pasuxis gacema da moswavlisaT-
is citireba. Tu pasuxi swori ar
vis damatebiTi axsna-ganmarteb-
iyo, es uxerxul mdgomareobaSi
is Txovna. Tu moswavle pasuxis
aravis agdebda. Tu moswavle
variantsac ki ver warmoadgens,
araswor pasuxebs scemda, ba­
maswavlebels SeuZlia, Tavad
toni frosti mas damatebiT sam
gasces SekiTxvas pasuxi; Semdeg
wuTs aZlevda. devids es midg­
mosTxovos moswavles, sakuTari
oma Zalian moswonda, radgan
sityvebiT gaimeoros es pasuxi
uxerxul mdgomareobaSi aRar
da magaliTebic moiyvanos.
vardeboda. mas ar eSinoda, rom
qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti warmoad- maswavleblis SekiTxvaze mcdar
gens karg magaliTs, Tu rogor Seu- pasuxs gascemda da am mcdar pa­
70 klasis marTva

suxze pasuxismgebloba mTli­ egoriis identifikacia moaxdines.

anad mas daekisreboda. Sesabam­ diagrama 4.5-ze mocemulia gansa-
isad, devidi Tavs Zalian kargad kuTrebuli saWiroebebis mqone mo-
grZnobda da am gakveTilze Tav­ swavleTa 5 kategoria: 1) pasiuri; 2)
is Rrma codnas avlenda. agresiuli; 3) yuradRebis probleme-
biT; 4) srulyofilebaze orientire-
buli; 5) socialuri problemebis
mqone. pirveli sami kategoria qveka-
rekomendacia 3 q
tegoriebad iyofa, raTa moswavleTa
qcevis sxvadasxva variaciis ufro
gaiTvaliswineT sxvadasxva tipis detaluri aRwera iqnas warmodge-
moswavleTa saWiroebebi. nili da, Sesabamisad, maswavlebels
maTi amocnoba gauadvildes.
rogorc ganvixileT, klasis efeq-
tur mmarTvels gaazrebuli unda u pasiuri
hqondes moswavleebis individua-
luri saWiroebebi. es gansakuTrebiT kategoria `pasiuri~ or qvekatego-
moswavleebis im kategorias exeba, riad iyofa, esenia: `urTierTobe-
romlebsac diagrama 4.4-ze war- bis SiSi~ da `marcxis SiSi~. am or
modgenili problemebi awuxebs. qvekategorias aerTianebs SiSis
bevri maswavlebeli advilad cnobs cneba, Tumca SiSi am or SemTxvevaSi
am problemebs. miuxedavad amisa, SeiZleba gansxvavebuli iyos. `pa-
sasargeblo iqneboda aseTi moswav- siuris~ kategoriaSi moxvedrili
leebis formaluri identifikacia moswavleebi SeiZleba sityvieri
da TiToeuli kategoriis moswav- Seuracxyofis an uyuradRebobis
lesTan urTierTobisaTvis konkre- msxverplni iyvnen. aseve, maT Sei-
tuli strategiebis Camoyalibeba. Zleba samedicino problemebi awux-
jene brofma (1996) da brenda fri- ebdeT, romelTa Sorisaa depresia
manma gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis da socialuri SiSebi. es moswav-
mqone moswavleebis sxvadasxva kat- leebi amJRavneben urTierTobebis

diagrama 4.5
gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis mqone moswavleTa xuTi kategoria
kategoria qvekategoria
pasiuri urTierTobebis SiSi
marcxis SiSi
agresiuli mtruli
dapirispirebuli
Caketili
yuradRebis problemebiT hiperaqtiuri
uyuradRebo
srulyofilebaze orientirebuli _
socialuri problemebis mqone _
 maswavleblis urTierToba moswavleebTan 71

damyarebis SiSs. am kategoriaSi pirveli saubari moswavlesTan

SeiZleba is moswavleebic Sevidnen, ase warimarTa:
romelTac warumateblobis SiSi
aqvT da miaCniaT, rom skolaSi swav- qalbatoni bleiqi: `dreik, me
las Tavs ver gaarTmeven. diagrama SevamCnie, rom Sen didi Zalisx­
4.5-ze warmodgenili TiTqmis yvela meva dagixarjavs bolo davale­
kategoriis moswavlis qcevas gana- baze~.
pirobebs is faqtorebi, romlebic, dreiki: [pasuxi ar aris]
ZiriTadad, skolis gareT warmoiS- qalbatoni bleiqi: `minda,
veba. Sesabamisad, ar unda arsebob- icode, rom me Sen da Sens namu­
des molodini, rom es moswavleebi Sevars yovelTvis Tvals gad­
advilad Seicvlian qcevas. evnebT, miuxedavad imisa, rom
qvemoT moyvanili nawyvetebi Sen bevrs ar saubrob~.
warmoadgens karg magaliTs, Tu dreiki: `gmadlobT~.
rogor SeuZlia maswavlebels am qalbatoni bleiqi: `Tu wi­
kategoriis moswavleebTan efeq- naaRmdegi ar iqnebi, ufro
turi urTierTobis damyareba. xSirad gamogiZaxeb xolme
SeniSnavT, rom wignis am nawilSi gakveTilze. msurs, drodadro
moyvanili magaliTebi maswavleb- piradadac gesaubro, raTa
lisa da moswavlis pirispir urT- gavigo, Tu rogor midis Seni
ierTobas aRwers. amis mizezia is, saqmeebi~.
rom gansakuTrebuli saWiroebis dreiki: `kargiT~. dreikma
mqone moswavleebTan urTierTobas gaiRima da wavida.
maswavleblis mxridan Zalian didi
yuradReba sWirdeba. am saubris Semdeg qalbato­
ni bleiqi, klasSi Tu pirispir
pasiuri moswavle, romelsac Sexvedrisas, xSirad usvamda
urTierTobebis SiSi aqvs SekiTxvebs dreiks. maswavle­
beli yovelTvis cdilobda,
dreiki morcxvi, TavSekavebuli zedmeti yuradRebiT Tavi ar
bavSvia. is arasodes scems pa­ moebezrebina dreikisaTvis da
suxs klasSi dasmul kiTxvebs nel-nela zrdida masTan in­
da uWirs saubari, roca mas­ teraqciis intensiurobas. mas­
wavlebeli piradad mas usvams wavlebelsa da moswavles So­
SekiTxvas. dreiki xSirad Tav­ ris TandaTanobiT meti ndoba
daxrili da mowyenilia. moswav­ gaCnda. maswavlebeli yovelT­
leebi, xSirad zrdasrulebic, vis cdilobda dreikis waxa­
dascinian an ignorirebas uke­ lisebas, gamoeCina sikeTe da
Teben. dreikis akademiuri mo­ Tanmimdevruloba masTan urT­
swreba saSualoa, Tumca mas ierTobis dros.
gacilebiT metis gakeTeba unda
SeeZlos. pasiuri moswavle, romelsac
qalbatonma bleiqma, dreikis marcxis SiSi aqvs
maswavlebelma, gadawyvita mas­
Tan urTierTobis awyoba. mas­ beverli klasSi yovelTvis ga­
wavlebels surda, nel-nela busxulia; mas skolaSi siar­
moepovebina dreikis ndoba. uli namdvilad ar moswons.
qalbatoni bleiqis erT-erTi beverlis specialuri Semow­
72 klasis marTva

meba Cautares da daaskvnes, dac raime iseTi, rac skolas ar

rom yuradRebis deficiti an ukavSirdeba~.
hiperaqtiuroba ar awuxebda. beverli: `arasodes~.
is iSviaTad asrulebs davale­ batoni uoTersi: `hobi Tu
bas da am iSviaT SemTxvevebSic gaqvs, an sportis romelime
ki upasuxismgeblod Sesrule­ saxeobas Tu misdev?”
bul naSroms maswavlebels ab­ beverli: `pianinoze vukrav,
arebs. roca beverlis davaleb­ me mgoni, sakmaod normalurad
is SeusruleblobasTan dakav­ da kidev wignebis kiTxva miy­
SirebiT usvamen SekiTxvebs, is vars saxlSi ~.
konkretul pasuxebs ver iZl­ batoni uoTersi: `rogor
eva, cdilobs, gamamarTlebeli fiqrob, rogor aRwev warmate­
mizezebi moiZios da, saubrisas, bas dakvraSi?~
winadadebebs iwyebs fraziT _ beverli: `bevrs vvarjiSob.
`ar SemiZlia~... Tan niSnebs ar miweren musikaSi.
batonma uoTersma gadawyvi­ me, ubralod, dakvra miyvars~.
ta, beverlisTan keTilganwyo­ batoni uoTersi: `kidev ra?
bili urTierTobis damyareba koncentraciac xom ar gexmare­
ecada. es mcdeloba Semdegi ba?”
dialogiT daiwyo: beverli: `ki, yuradRebiT
var xolme da ar vCqarob~.
batoni uoTersi: `beverli, batoni uoTersi: `ras ityo­
Zalian minda, Seni daxmarebiT di, rom igive gagvekeTebina sas­
gavigo, Tu ratom giWirs sasko­ kolo sagnebis momzadebasTan
lo davalebebis Sesruleba~. dakavSirebiTac. me gpirdebi,
beverli: `ar vici~. beverli rom yvelanairad dagexmarebi~.
dabneulad gamoiyureba. beverli: `ki, marTalia. al­
batoni uoTersi: `me mgo­ baT skolaSic damexmareboda
nia, rom Sen Zalian niWieri xar. aseTi midgomis gamoyeneba~.
ubralod, ver axerxeb am niWis batoni uoTersi: `modi, vca­
gamomJRavnebas. xom ar fiqrob, doT. kargi?~
rom gacilebiT warmatebuli
akademiuri moswreba SeiZleba batoni uoTersi agrZelebs
gqondes? me, magaliTad, amis beverlisTan saubrebs, yov­
didi imedi maqvs~. elTvis xazs usvams imas, rom
beverli: `ara, ar vfiqrob beverli warmatebulia konkre­
ase. me ar var niWieri~. tul sakiTxebSi. maswavlebeli
batoni uoTersi: `marTla beverlis xvdeba da esaubreba
mainteresebs, gavigo, amas ra­ yvela mniSvnelovani davalebis
tom ambob~. win da Semdeg. davalebis Ses­
beverli: `me verasdros va­ rulebamde isini erTad ganixi­
keTeb rames sworad. eh, amas ra laven im gzebs, riTac beverlim
mniSvneloba aqvs~. davalebis warmatebiT das­
batoni uoTersi: `rogor ar ruleba SeiZleba moaxerxos.
aqvs mniSvneloba, beverli. me davalebis Cabarebis Semdeg ki
Zalian mainteresebs. gaixsene, maswavlebeli da moswavle er­
aba, rodis iyo bolos, roca ra­ Tad ganixilaven da afaseben
Rac saqme kargad gaakeTe? Tun­ mas.
 maswavleblis urTierToba moswavleebTan 73

u agresiuli tkivilis atana uwevT.

agresiul moswavleTa meore
agresiul moswavleTa kategoria qvekategoriaSi Sedian dapirispire­
moicavs sam qvekategorias: mtru­ bulad ganwyobili moswavleebi. es
li, dapirispirebuli da Caketili. moswavleebi qcevis ufro msubuqi
es kategoriebi Seesabameba ameriku- darRvevebiT xasiaTdebian, vidre
li fsiqiatriuli asociaciis (amer- mtrulad ganwyobili moswavleebi.
ikuli fsiqiatriuli asociacia, es qvekategoria diagnostikur da
2000) diagnostikur da statisti- statistikur saxelmZRvaneloSi
kur saxelmZRvaneloSi CamoTvlil moxseniebul avtoritetis mqone
diagnozebs. ra Tqma unda, maswav- pirovnebasTan dapirispirebulTa
lebels ar SeuZlia, oficialuri tips uaxlovdeba. am moswavleebs
diagnozi dausvas moswavles. Tum- axasiaTebT wesebis daumorCile-
ca, mniSvnelovania, maswavlebeli am bloba, ufrosebTan kamaTi, uxeSi
saxelmZRvanelos icnobdes. sityvebis xSiri gamoyeneba, sxvebis
qvekategoria mtruli mWidrod kritikis, dadanaSaulebisa da Tavis
ukavSirdeba qcevis disfunqciis mobezrebisaken midrekileba.
klinikur diagnozs, rac diagnos- Caketili moswavleebis qvekat-
tikur da statistikur saxelmZ- egorias diagnostikur da statis-
RvaneloSia ganmartebuli. qcevis tikur saxelmZRvaneloSi Sesatyvi-
disfunqcias axasiaTebs gabraze- si ar gaaCnia, magram maTi amocnoba
bisa da sxvadasxva impulsis rTu- maswavlebelTa did nawils advilad
lad gakontroleba, TanagrZnobis SeuZlia. Caketil moswavleTa
naklebadganviTarebuli unari, qvekategoriaSi Semavalni iSviaTad
sakuTari qmedebis Sedegebis ver- akeTeben imas, rac moeTxovebaT da
danaxva, dabali warmodgena sa- Zalian xSirad uaxlovdebian disci-
kuTar Tavze (Tumca moswavles plinis darRvevas. isini axerxeben
SeiZleba amis aRiareba uWirdes), dasjisagan Tavis daRwevas, radgan
midrekileba garTobisa da danaSau- bolomde ar mihyavT qceva, romelic
lebrivi qcevisaken. mtrulad gan- disciplinis darRvevad CaiTvle-
wyobili moswavleebi yvelaze met boda. qvemoT moyvanili nawyvetebi
sirTules qmnian skolaSi, radgan warmoadgenen karg magaliTebs, Tu
miaqvT sagakveTilo drois didi rogor SeuZlia maswavlebels am
nawili. aseT moswavleebs ukav- kategoriis moswavleebTan urTier-
Sirdeba damatebiTi resursebis Tobis damyareba:
xarjvis saWiroeba, iqneba es dro,
energia, Tu fuli, raTa mogvardes agresiuli _ mtruli
is problemebi, romelsac mtrulad
ganwyobili moswavleebi qmnian. Se- miSelis gakontroleba SeuZle­
sabamisad, es aris problemur mo- belia rogorc saxlSi, ise sko­
swavleTa yvelaze kargad Seswav- laSi; yvelas, vinc mis saqciels
lili qvekategoria. miuxedavad ar amarTlebs, miSeli sityvier
imisa, rom mtrulad ganwyobili mo- Seuracxyofas ayenebs. is sas­
swavleebi TiTqos yvelaze rTulad kolo nivTebs aqeT-iqiT abnevs,
emorCilebian maTi qcevis Secvlaze kars ajaxunebs da zogjer van­
mimarTul RonisZiebebs, ar unda dalizmiskenacaa midrekili.
dagvaviwydes, rom isini arian bavS- miSeli xSirad xvdeba direq­
vebi, romlebsac bevri SiSisa da toris moadgilis kabinetSi, ma­
74 klasis marTva

gram es miSelis qcevas ar aum­ saxiT mimdinareobs:

jobesebs.
miSels saskolo doneze dax­ maswavlebeli: `miSel, risi
mareba, individualuri Tera­ gakeTeba ginda saxlsa da sko­
pia da jgufur programebSi laSi? ra ganiWebs siamovne­
monawileoba sWirdeba. miSelis bas?”
daxmarebis pirveli etapia Sex­ miSeli: `me minda, Tavi da­
vedra, romelSic Tavad moswav­ vanebo matematikis swavlas
le, skolis xelmZRvaneloba da da es dro davuTmo fotogra­
miSelis mSoblebi monawileo­ fias~.
ben. am Sexvedraze miSelisaT­ maswavlebeli: `kidev?”
vis specialuri programa yali­ miSeli: `kidev is minda, rom
bdeba, romelic iTvaliswinebs Cemma mSoblebma Tavi daanebon
gogonas waxalisebas misi kargi Cems mudmiv kontrols~.
qcevis SemTxvevaSi da mis mi­ maswavlebeli: `Zalian kargi.
marT konkretuli sadamsjelo Cven SevecdebiT, rom Seni es
RonisZiebebis gatarebas, wese­ ori survili dakmayofildes.
bisa da regulaciebis dar­ magram yvelaferi Sens qcevaze
Rvevis SemTxvevaSi. miSeli am iqneba damokidebuli~.
Sexvedris aqtiuri monawilea,
gansakuTrebiT im etapze, roca Sexvedris monawileebi er­
pozitiuri qcevisa da Sesabami­ Tad avseben specialurad miS­
si jildos identifikacia xde­ elisaTvis Seqmnili progra­
ba. es pirveli Sexvedra Semdegi mis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebis

diagrama 4.6
agresiuli/mtrulad ganwyobili moswavlis qcevis marTvis cxrili
jildoebi da reaqcia
qcevis tipi miSelis qceva disciplinis darRvevaze
araCveulebrivad moswavleebisa da klasis mxridan aRiareba;
kargi qceva maswavleblebisadmi irCevs or aqtivobas, romelic
Tavaziania da yvelas SeuZlia saxlSi an skolaSi
exmareba. ganaxorcielos.
kargi qceva sakmaod Tavaziania. irCevs erT aqtivobas, romelic
disciplinis darRvevis SeuZlia, saxlSi an skolaSi
SemTxvevebi minimaluria. ganaxorcielos.
gakveTilebis Semdeg davalebebis
Sesasruleblad skolaSi rCeba.
cudi qceva gabrazebulia da yvelas akeTebs TemisaTvis sasargeblo
xels uSlis / azianebs sxvis saqmes, damatebiT saqmes /
sakuTrebas. gakveTilebis Semdeg asrulebs
acdens skolas da davalebebs.
zarmacobs.
dauSvebeli Zaladobis gamovlena sxva izolirebulia sxva moswavleebisagan,
qceva adamianebisadmi / sxvisi gadis specialur samkurnalo kurss.
sakuTrebis ganadgureba.
 maswavleblis urTierToba moswavleebTan 75

cxrils (ix. diagrama 4.6). Sexve­ lis, amis gamo Senc cud niSnebs
dra grZeldeba manam, sanam yve­ iReb. Tu damexmarebi da Tanaxma
la monawile, gansakuTrebiT, iqnebi, modi, erTad ganvaxor­
miSeli, ar acxadebs, rom es cieloT programa, romelic
programa misaRebia. miSelis Senc dagexmareba, sxva moswav­
mSoblebi Tanxmdebian, rom na­ leebsac da mec. ginda am pro­
klebad gaakontroleben Svils gramaze erTad vimuSaoT?”
da programis Sedegebs daelo­ jeiki: `ra programaa?”
debian. maswavleblebi, miSelis qalbatoni maqnulTi: `aba,
mSoblebi da miSelic mzadyof­ jer is miTxari, romelia dRis
nas gamoTqvamen, rom analogi­ yvelaze sasiamovno nawili
ur Sexvedras moawyoben xolme SenTvis?”
yoveli Tvis bolos, ganixi­ jeiki: `didi dasveneba~.
laven programis Sedegebs da qalbatoni maqnulTi: `yve­
saWiro cvlilebebs Seitanen laze arasasiamovno nawili?”
masSi. jeiki: `ganmartoeba~.

agresiuli _ dapirispirebuli qalbatoni maqnulTi da jei­

ki erTad avseben specialurad
jeiki sruli imedgacruebaa jeikisaTvis Seqmnili progra­
rogorc misi TanatolebisaT­ mis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebis
vis, ise qalbaton maqnulTi­ cxrils (ix. diagrama 4.7). am
saTvis. moswavle yovelTvis cxrilSi mocemulia qcevis
akeTebs imis sawinaaRmdegos, tipebi da sapasuxo reaqciebi/
rasac misgan iTxoven, Tundac jildoebi.
icodes, rom es mxolod prob­ qalbatoni maqnulTi arw­
lemebs Seuqmnis. cudi saqcie­ munebs jeiks, rom mas sulac ar
lis gamo jeiki yovelTvis yura­ surs jeikis dasja. maswavleb­
dRebis centrSia. qalbatoni els mxolod is unda, rom daex­
maqnulTi bolos da bolos ax­ maros moswavles misi qcevis
erxebs jeikTan Sexvedras. ukeT gakontrolebaSi da uke­
Tesi niSnebis miRebaSi. dro­
qalbatoni maqnulTi: `jeik, dadro, qalbatoni maqnulTi da
me mgonia, rom Sen, zogadad, jeiki xvdebian da afaseben pro­
Zalian kargi bavSvi xar. Tumca gramis mimdinareobas.
xandaxan vamCnev, rom imis sa­
pirispiros akeTeb xolme, ras­ agresiuli _ Caketili
ac me gTxov. magaliTad, dRes
gTxove, rom wynarad mjdari­ emi yovelTvis iq aRmoCnde­
yavi Sens adgilas. Sen ki gaagr­ ba xolme, sadac problemuri
Zele sicili da erT adgilas situaciaa Seqmnili; is serio­
ver Cerdebodi. Senc SegimCn­ zuls arafers aSavebs, magram
evia, rom Cemi miTiTebis sawi­ xSirad dascinis sxvebs, Wora­
naaRmdegod iqcevi xolme?~ obs da a.S. es saqcieli manam
jeiki: `ar vici~. grZel­deba, sanam mopasuxe mxa­
qalbatoni maqnulTi: `adrec re ar gabrazdeba. baton hardu­
miTqvams, rom Seni saqcieli sxva iqs sakmao dro dasWirda, raTa
moswavleebs swavlaSi xels uS­ mimxvdariyo, rom emis qcevas­
76 klasis marTva

diagrama 4.7
agresiuli/dapirispirebulad ganwyobili moswavlis qcevis
marTvis cxrili
jildoebi da disciplinis
qcevis tipi jeikis qceva darRvevaze reaqcia
araCveulebrivad asrulebs yvela instruqcias. xangrZlivi Sesveneba yovel
kargi qceva sakuTar adgils ar tovebs. dRe
ar qmnis problemur situaciebs.
kargi qceva umeteswilad asrulebs xangrZlivi Sesveneba kviraSi
instruqciebs. 3-jer.
umeteswilad Tavis adgilzea. ganmartoeba kviraSi erTxel.
iSviaTad qmnis problemur
situaciebs.
cudi qceva ar icavs instruqciebs. aranairi xangrZlivi
xSirad tovebs Tavis adgils. Sesveneba.
xSirad qmnis problemur situaciebs. ganmartoeba kviraSi 3-jer.

Tan dakavSirebuli problemebi batoni harduiqsi: `rame unda

hqonda. roca maswavlebelma viRonoT amasTan dakavSire­
es SeamCnia, daiwyo Canawerebis biT. modi, erTad gadavWraT es
gakeTeba emis qcevis Sesaxeb. problema~.
garkveuli drois Semdeg, ba­ emi: `magram es Cemi brali ar
tonma harduiqsma emi gverdze aris!~
gaixmo da gaesaubra: batoni harduiqsi: `ki, mxo­
lod Seni brali ar aris. sxva
batoni harduiqsi: `emi, minda moswavleebic pasuxismgeblebi
giTxra, rom Zalian momwonxar arian sakuTar qcevaze. Tumca
da msiamovnebs, roca aqtiurad arc Sen xar udanaSaulo. ase
monawileob xolme saklaso araa?”
diskusiaSi. Tumca xandaxan emi: `albaT asea, ki~.
meCveneba, rom sxvebs aRizianeb
da problemebs uqmni. xvdebi, saubari grZeldeba manam,
raze gelaparakebi?” sanam emi ar gaiazrebs, rom ba­
emi: `ara”. tonma harduiqsma yvelaferi
batoni harduiqsi: `ki ba­ Zalian kargad icis. isini er­
tono, axlave agixsni. xandaxan Toblivad ayalibeben im qce­
vamCnev, rom SenTan saubris vaTa nusxas, romelic emisaT­
Semdeg iwyeba Cxubi. isic Semi­ vis miuRebeli unda iyos. aseve,
mCnevia, rom malav xolme sxva isini fiqroben im jildoebze,
moswavleebis nivTebs da Cumad romelsac emi kargi qcevi­
icini, roca isini maT eZeben. es saTvis miiRebs da reagirebis
sakuTari TvaliT maqvs nanaxi. formebze im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
Seni aseTi saqcieli moswav­ emi am nusxaSi Sesul romelime
leebs problemebs uqmnis, ar saqciels gaimeorebs. emi da
meTanxmebi?” batoni harduiqsi drodadro
emi: `albaT asea”. xvdebian imis Sesafaseblad,
 maswavleblis urTierToba moswavleebTan 77

Tu rogor mimdinareobs maTi da Tavadac davalebebs iSvi­

gegma. aTad asrulebs. devidis niS­
nebi gacilebiT dabalia, vidre
misi realuri SesaZleblobe­
u yuradRebis problemebi bi. gakveTilze drois umetes
nawils oxunjobaSi atarebs. de­
yuradRebis problemebis katego- vidis mSoblebi acxadeben, rom
riaSi Sedis ori qvekategoria: hip­ ar surT raime saxis samedicino
eraqtiuri da uyuradRebo. orive Careva. Sesabamisad, devidis
Seesatyviseba darRvevas, romelic maswavlebeli, qalbatoni fein­
diagnostikur da statistikur sa­ Teri, gareSe daxmarebis imedze
xelmZRvaneloSia ganmartebuli. ver iqneba. ramdenime uSedego
hi­peraqtiuroba Seesatyviseba yu­ mcdelobis Semdeg qalbatoni
radRebis deficitsa da hiperaq­ feinTeri axerxebs devidTan
tiurobas, hiperaqtiur-impulsur dalaparakebas:
tips. uyuradRebos Sesabamisi sin-
dromi ki saxelmZRvanelodan iqneba qalbatoni feinTeri: `de­
yuradRebis deficiti da hiperaq­ vid, me mgoni, Zalian giWirs
tiuroba, uyuradRebo tipi. qveka- gakveTilze wynarad jdoma.
tegoria hiperaqtiuris maxasiaTe- Senc ase Tvli?”
blebia: Znelad akontrolebs im- devidi: `mZuls skola. Zalian
pulsebs, ar SeuZlia wynarad jdo- mosabezrebelia~.
ma da muSaoba, xSirad axasiaTebs qalbatoni feinTeri: `vici,
SekiTxvebisa da pasuxebis wamoZax- rom zogjer giWirs gakveTilze
eba, ver icavs rigobiTobas, sxvebs koncentracia. me minda dagex­
awyvetinebs laparaks. qvekategoria maro da SemogTavazo saSuale­
uyuradRebos maxasiaTeblebia: ver bebi, romlebic yuradRebis
amaxvilebs yuradRebas detale- koncentraciaSi dagexmare­
bze, uWirs mosmena, ver agvarebs ba. SemiZlia, garkveuli dro
davalebasTan dakavSirebul or- dagiTmo da davalebebis orga­
ganizaciul sakiTxebs, axasiaTebs nizebaSi dagexmaro. aseve, Semi­
gulmaviwyoba, advilad efanteba Zlia, SenTan erTad Camovay­
yuradReba. am qvekategoriis mos- alibo TiToeuli davalebis
wavleebi ufro Sewuxebul-SeSineb- Sesrulebis etapebi. momavalSi
ulni arian xolme, xolo hiperaqti- sxva davalebebis momzadebaSic
urni ki _ ufro impulsurni (erqi, dagexmareboda es gamocdile­
2000). qvemoT moyvanili nawyvetebi ba. aseve, SemiZlia klasSi sxva
warmoadgenen karg magaliTebs, Tu adgilze dagsva, raTa naklebad
rogor SeuZlia maswavlebels am gaifantos Seni yuradReba~.
kategoriis moswavleebTan urTier-
Tobis damyareba: meore dRes qalbatoni fein­
Teri iseT adgilas svams de­
yuradRebis problemebi _ hiper- vids, sadac maswavlebeli mas
aqtiuri ukeTesad miaqcevs yuradRebas,
xolo sxva bavSvebi naklebad
devidi klasSi mudmivad xum­ gaufantaven yuradRebas. qal­
robs, saubrobs, moZraobs; batoni feinTeri devids yvela
is moswavleebs xels uSlis davalebis Sesrulebis organi­
78 klasis marTva

zebis procesSi exmareba. mas­ konkretul rCevas aZlevs. is

wavlebeli da moswavle xSirad qeTis aZlevs wigns, swavlis un­
xvdebian erTmaneTs da devidis arebis Sesaxeb. batoni mugeri
progress ganixilaven. da qeTi drodadro erTmaneTs
xvdebian, raTa am wignSi moyva­
yuradRebis problemebi _ uyura- nil rCevebs gaecnon. isini er­
dRebo Tad cdiloben, ipovon ama Tu
im problemidan an gaurkveveli
qeTi wynari axalgazrdaa. roca mdgomareobidan gamosavali,
davalebas ver asrulebs, imed­ gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca
gacruebas ganicdis. fiqrobs, qeTi Tvlis, rom is `burusiTaa
rom sulelia da xSirad apaTia moculi~.
eufleba. mas Semdeg, rac ram­
denjerme ganicada warumate­
bloba, qeTi gazarmacda. roca u srulyofilebaze
grZnobs, rom davalebas drou­ orientirebuli
lad ver Caabarebs, wyvets masze
muSaobas da dausrulebel diagnostikur da statistikur
proeqts aZlevs maswavlebels. saxelmZRvaneloSi srulyofile-
qeTi fiqrobs, Tavi daanebos baze orientirebulis kategorias
skolas da samsaxuri iSovos. zusti Sesatyvisi gaaCnia: obsesur-
misi mSoblebi yovelgvari kompulsuri aSliloba. srulyo-
samedicino Carevis winaaRmde­ filebaze orientirebuli moswavle
gni arian. roca situacia Zalian cdilobs, miaRwios dones, romel-
rTuldeba, batoni mugeri ic miuRwevelia. aseTi moswavle
qeTisTan niSnavs Sexvedras. xSirad TviTkritikulia, dabali
warmodgena aqvs sakuTar Tavze,
batoni mugeri: `qeTi, meCve­ arasrulyofilad grZnobs Tavs
neba, rom Zalian imedgacrue­ da Zalian mgrZnobiarea. mas mi-
buli xar skoliTa da sakuTari aCnia, rom mxo­lod srulyofileba
TaviT. ra gWirs?” aZlevs adamians saSualebas, daim-
qeTi: `mTeli es wlebi namd­ saxuros siyvaruli, pativiscema da
vilad vcdilobdi, magram ve­ yuradReba. srulyofilebaze ori-
rafers vxdebi. aRar SemiZlia. entirebuli moswavle Tvlis, rom
rogori suleli var!” is SeiZleba uyvardeT mxolod imis
batoni mugeri: `kargi iqne­ gamo, rasac qmnis da ara imis gamo,
boda, aqamdec vinme dagxmare­ rasac pirovnulad warmoadgens. ase
boda. odesme vinmes moucia rom, roca konkretuli Sedegebis
rCevebi skolaSi warmatebis demonstrirebis problemebi aqvs,
misaRwevad?” aseT moswavles uimedo ganwyoba
qeTi: `ara. ZiriTadad, meu­ eufleba, zarmacdeba da iwyebs
bnebodnen xolme, rom ufro mizezebis SeTxzvas. roca srulyo-
metad unda vecado, magram ver filebaze orientirebuli bavSvebi
vigeb, Tu ras niSnavs es. me yov­ izrdebian, isini xSirad warmate-
elTvis vcdilob~. bul profesionalebad gvevlinebi-
an, radgan sakmaod karg Sedegebs
batoni mugeri, swavlasTan iReben sakuTari pirovnuli maxa-
dakavSirebiT, qeTis ramdenime siaTeblebis gamo: wuwunis minimu-
 maswavleblis urTierToba moswavleebTan 79

mamde dayvana, damatebiTi muSaoba rom sakuTar Tavs zedmetad

finansuri anazRaurebis gareSe da mkacrad eqcevi. ar gifiqria,
a.S. amasTanave, gasaTvaliswinebe- rom zogjer ararealistur
lia, rom srulyofilebaze orien- standartebs udgen Sens Tavs?
taciis saboloo Sedegi, SesaZloa, me, magaliTad, ara mgonia, rom
TviTganadgurebaze mimarTuli SemeZlos zogierTi im miznis
saqcieli da azrovnebis paradigme- miRweva, rac Sen gaqvs dasaxu­
bi iyos, romlebsac depresiamde da li. aseve, vfiqrob, rom Sen sxva
TviTmkvlelobamde mihyavs adamiani adamianebisganac Zalian bevrs
(blati, 1995). qvemoT moyvanili naw- eli da roca isini warmatebas
yveti warmoadgens karg magaliTebs, ver aRweven, maT iseve akri­
Tu rogor SeuZlia maswavlebels am tikeb, rogorc sakuTar Tavs.
kategoriis moswavlesTan urTier- es yvelaferi, me mgoni, didi si­
Tobis damyareba: sastikea~.
meTi: `gana ar unda vcdi­
meTi cdilobs, yvelaferi sa­ lobde, rom saukeTeso viyo?”
ukeTesod gaakeTos. ubralod, qalbatoni beqeri: `me mgo­
kargad gakeTeba misTvis sakma­ ni, Seni miznebi Sors wagiy­
risi ar aris. mis magidaze yvela vans. magaliTad, Zalian kar­
nivTs sakuTari, winaswargansaz­ gia, rom gsurs bevri swavla da
Rvruli adgili aqvs. davalebas konkurenciis grZnobac kargad
yovelTvis droulad abarebs gaqvs ganviTarebuli. Tumca
da yvela instruqcias zustad aris raRacebi, ramac Seni cxov­
icavs. miuxedavad amisa, meTi reba SeiZleba Zalian daamZimos.
sakuTari warmatebiT siamovne­ magaliTad, roca sakuTar Tavs
bas ver iRebs. is Zalian gan­ akritikeb, TiTqos uars ambob
icdis, roca ver asrulebs imis axal mcdelobaze, rom miz­
maqsimums, rac miznad hqonda ans miaRwio. roca sxvebs akri­
dasaxuli. aseve, meTs axasi­ tikeb, maT Sen aRar moswonxar.
aTebs sxvebisadmi zedmeti kri­ me mgoni, kargi iqneboda Sem­
tikuloba da sisastikec ki. mis degi strategiis arCeva: roca
klaselebs, erTi mxriv, SurT Sen an sxvebi Secdomebs uSvebT,
misi warmateba da, meore mxriv, gaiazre, rom es aris Secdoma da
ar moswonT misi uaryofiTi rom adamianebi, rogorc wesi,
damokidebuleba yvelafrisad­ Secdomebs uSveben. ecade, Sec­
mi. meTi ar iwyebs axal saqmes, domebidan mxolod iswavlo~.
Tu ar aris darwmunebuli, rom meTi: `ase arasodes mi­
warmatebiT daasrulebs mas. fiqria~.
rogorc ki amis SesaZlebloba qalbatoni beqeri: `ras
Seiqmna, qalbatoni beqeri meTs ityodi im moswavleebis dax­
gaesaubra: marebaze, romelTac uWirT sa­
Sinao davalebebis momzadeba?
qalbatoni beqeri: `meT, modi, Tu Seecdebi, daexmaro maT,
davilaparakoT. me msiamovnebs, aRmoaCen, rom es megobre­
rom Sen cdilob, umaRlesi niS­ bis gaCenis erT-erTi sauke­
nebi miiRo da yvelaze swrafad Teso gzaa _ adamianebisaTvis
irbino. es araCveulebriv­ gaWirvebaSi xelis gawodeba.
ia. Tumca xandaxan meCveneba, kidev ici ra, ecade, erT dRes
80 klasis marTva

Zalian pozitiurad Sexedo Sens basTan dakavSirebiT. dedamisi

Secdomebs, xolo meore dRes _ ambobs, rom arc samezobloSi
negatiurad. naxe aba, romeli hyavs megobrebi. jeisonis
midgoma ufro mogewoneba da xmauriani buneba sxvebs aRiz­
romeli midgomis gamoyenebis ianebs. is Zalian bevrs lapara­
SemTxvevaSi miaRwev ukeTes kobs, ar usmens adamianebs da
Sedegebs~. saubris dros maTTan Zalian
axlos dgas. zogadad, jeiso­
aseTi saubrebis Semdeg meT­ ni namdvilad cdilobs mego­
ma TandaTanobiT dainaxa sru­ brebis SeZenas, magram imedga­
lyofilebaze orientaciis cruebuli da izolirebuli
uar­yofiTi mxareebi. nel-nela rCeba. aseTi situacia mis aka­
ga­moimuSava qceva, romelic mas demiur moswrebazec aisaxeba.
Zveli midgomebis aRmofxvraSi erT dRes misma maswavlebelma,
exmareboda. batonma cicinelim, gaigona,
rogor ambobda jeisoni Semdeg
sityvebs: `ar mesmis, ratom ara­
u socialuri problemebis vis movwonvar. me xom ase kargad
mqone vepyrobi adamianebs~. batonma
cicinelim gadawyvita, dala­
socialuri problemebis mqone parakeboda jeisons:
bavSvebs uWirT megobrebis SeZena
da SenarCuneba. isini Tavs abezre- batoni cicineli: `jeison,
ben adamianebs maTTan Zalian axlos gavigone, ambobdi, rom aravis
dgomiT, bevri saubriT, `sule- moswonxar. SevamCnie, rom gi­
luri~ da uxerxuli SeniSvnebiT. Wirs Sens klaselebTan damego­
isini, rogorc wesi, miiswrafian me- breba. ginda, dagexmaro? mar­
gobrebis SeZenisaken da aocebT is Tla msurs Seni daxmareba~.
faqti, rom sxvebi maTdami siZul- jeisoni: `Zalian kargi~.
vils amJRavneben. socialuri prob- batoni cicineli: `modi, Ca­
lemebis mqone moswavleebi xSirad vataroT eqsperimenti. rogor
mowyenilebi, dabneulebi arian da igrZnobdi Tavs, ase axlos rom
uWirT movlenaTa kompleqsuri vidge SenTan da ase xmamaRla
Tanmimdevrobis miyola. maT qcevas rom gesaubrebode?”
xSirad moixsenieben, rogorc bavS- jeisoni: `ukan gaviweodi~.
vurs da utaqtos. mSoblebi, umetes batoni cicineli: `ici, xan­
SemTxvevaSi, acxadeben, rom ase- daxan vamCnev, rom Sen swored
Ti bavSvebi dabadebidanve gamor- ase iqcevi sxva moswavleebTan.
Ceulni iyvnen (novicki da diuqi, Sen SegimCnevia?”
1992). qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti jeisoni: `ara~.
warmoadgens karg magaliTebs, Tu batoni cicineli: `me mgoni,
rogor SeuZlia maswavlebels am kargi iqneboda, Tu adamiane­
kategoriis moswavlesTan urTier- bisagan, maTTan saubris dros,
Tobis damyareba: moSorebiT dadgebodi da ufro
dabali xmiT daelaparakebodi.
jeisons yovelTvis probleme­ ase ufro karg urTierTobas
bi aqvs skolaSi, axali megobre­ aawyob adamianebTan ~.
bis SeZenasa da maT SenarCune­ jeisoni: `SemiZlia vcado~.
 maswavleblis urTierToba moswavleebTan 81

batoni cicineli: `modi, Sejameba

kidev erT SekiTxvas dagisvam.
rogori adamianebi ufro mog­ maswavlebelsa da moswavleTa So-
wons, romlebic laparaks gac­ ris urTierToba gadamwyveti mniS-
dian, Tu sul Tavad rom sau­ vnelobis matarebelia klasis efeq-
broben?” turi marTvis iseTi ori aspeqtis
jeisoni: `adamianebi, rom­ warmatebisaTvis, rogorebicaa: we­
lebic me mismenen~. sebi da procedurebi da discipli­
batoni cicineli: `roca nis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli
adamianebs esaubrebi, imaze RonisZiebebi. imisaTvis, rom maswav-
fiqrob, Sen ra uTxra maT, Tu lebelma kargi urTierToba daam-
usmen, isini ras geubnebian?” yaros moswavleebTan, aucilebelia,
jeisoni: `ar vici~... moaxdinos sakuTari dominanturi
batoni cicineli: `ecade, yu­ rolis demonstrireba, aCvenos
radRebiT usmino, maSinac ki, moswavleebs, rom akontrolebs
roca amis gakeTeba rTulia. klasSi Seqmnil situacias. amave
jer is gaige, isini ras geubnebi­ dros, mniSvnelovania moswavleebT-
an da mere daiwye saubari. dami­ an TanamSromloba; maswavlebelma
jere, Rirs, scado es damokide­ unda agrZnobinos moswavleebs,
buleba. SeiZleba, es ukeTesi rom aRelvebs maTi individualuri
urTierTobebis damyarebaSi da saerTo problemebi. maswavleb-
dagexmaros~. els uCveulo Zalisxmeva sWirdeba
gansakuTrebuli saWiroebis mqone
batoni cicineli da jeisoni moswavleebTan urTierTobis pro-
xSirad xvdebian erTmaneTs da cesSi, magram maTTan warmatebuli
saubroben. isini ganixilaven komunikaciis SemTxvevaSi, ufro
jeisonis progress da ayalibe­ advilad uzrunvelyofs klasis
ben axal mosazrebebs. efeqtur marTvas.
5
...
m e n t a l u r i mzao b a

klasis efeqturi marTvisaTvis mniS-

vnelovania maswavleblis mentaluri
kvlevebi da Teoria
mzaoba. pirvel TavSi warmodgenili
mentaluri mzaoba Zalian axlosaa
diagrama 1.3-dan ikveTeba, rom Cven
`yuradRebianobis~ cnebasTan, ro­
mier gakeTebul metaanalizSi am el-
gorc mas fsiqologebi uwodeben.
ements efeqtis yvelaze didi sidide
yuradRebianobis popularizacia
aqvs. mentaluri mzaobis efeqtis
moaxdina elen lengerma Tavis naS-
saSualo sidide aris -1.294 maSin,
romebSi (lengeri, 1989; lengeri da
roca disciplinis gaumjobesebaze
rodini, 1976; lengeri da uainmani,
mimarTuli RonisZiebebis efeq-
1981). lengeri xsnis, rom yura-
tis saSualo sididea -0.909, xolo
dRebianoba gulisxmobs situaciaSi
maswavleblis urTierToba mos-
garkvevis gamZafrebul unars, sak-
wavleebTan iZleva -0.869 efeqtis
uTari fiqrebisa da qcevis gacno-
saSualo sidides, wesebi da proce-
bierebul kontrols am situaciis
durebi ki _ -0.763-s. saxelwodeba
mimarT. aseTi gonebrivi mdgomare-
`mentaluri mzaoba~ SeiZleba met-
obis ganviTareba da SenarCuneba
naklebad ucnaurad JRerdes, magram
advili ar aris, radgan adamiani,
es mniSvnelovani fenomenia, radgan
rogorc wesi, koncentracias axdens
klasis efeqturi marTvis gadamw-
stimulatorebis mcire raodenoba-
yvet komponents exeba _ konkretul
ze da am stimulatorebze adamianis
fsiqologiur mdgomareobas. klasis
reaqcia, umeteswilad, avtomatu-
efeqturi mmarTveli konkretuli
ria. sxva sityvebiT, Cveulebriv,
fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis ma-
rac Cven garSemo xdeba, yvelafers
tarebeli unda iyos.
yuradRebas ar vaqcevT. ufro met-
82
 mentaluri mzaoba 83

ic, xSirad Zalian zedapirulad ... erTxel, erT patara maRa-

aRviqvamT im garemos, sadac varT; ziaSi gamyidvels Cemi axali
gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca saqme sakredito baraTi mivawode. man
rutinul aqtivobebs exeba. mod- SeamCnia, rom me xeli ar mqonda
iT, vcadoT qvemoT moyvanil wina- mowerili baraTze, ukan dami-
dadebis erTxel wakiTxva, mxolod bruna da mTxova, xeli momewera.
erTxel da vecadoT, davTvaloT, Semdeg gamomarTva Cemi baraTi,
Tu ramdenjer Segvxvdeba am wina- tranzaqciis gansaxorciele-
dadebaSi aso s. ar dagaviwydeT, blad specialur manqanaSi gaat-
kiTxulobT mxolod erTxel: ara da roca qviTari amoibeWda,
mTxova, maszec momewera xeli.
am teqstis lingvisturma me movawere. gamyidvelma aiRo
analizma daadastura, rom Cem mier xelmowerili qviTari
is WeSmariti poetis kalams da baraTze mis winaSe ori wu-
unda ekuTvnodes. Tis win gakeTebul xelmoweras
Seadara, raTa daedasturebina
aba, ramdenjer Segvxvda s? swori ori xelmoweris Sesabamisoba
pasuxia: 8-jer. rogorc wesi, ada- (gv. 12-13).
mianTa umetesoba, rvave s-s erTi
wakiTxviT ver amCnevs. es imiTaa samyarosTan avtomatur, aracno-
ganpirobebuli, rom kiTxvis pro- bier interaqcias lengeri `uyura-
cesSi Cven TiToeul asos da Ti- dRebobis~ saxeliT moixseniebs. es
Toeul sityvas ar aRviqvamT. mxo­ aris im mentaluri mzaobis antiTe-
lod mcire vizualuri infor- za, romelic maswavleblebs klasis
maciiT vkma­yofildebiT, raTa, efeqturi marTvisaTvis unda gaaCn-
rac SeiZleba, swrafad wavikiTxoT deT. konkretulad, mentaluri
teqsti. amasTanave, Zalian mcire mzaoba, romelic aucilebelia kla-
dros vxarjavT iseT metyvelebis sis efeqturi marTvisaTvis, maswav-
nawilebze, rogorebicaa, magali- leblisagan moiTxovs yuradRebas
Tad, nacvalsaxelebi, kavSirebi da `gonebrivi sifxizlisa~ da `emoci-
nawilakebi. uri balansis~ unaris ganviTare-
rogorc wesi, aseTi midgoma bisaTvis. kvlevebi orive maxasi-
cxovrebaSi problemebs ar gviqmnis, aTeblis efeqturobas adasturebs.
Tumca zogjer sasacilo situacia- diagrama 5.1-ze moyvanilia am or
Si gvagdebs. lengers (1989) mohyavs faqtorTan dakavSirebuli metaana-
Semdegi magaliTebi: lizis Sedegebi.
diagrama 5.1-is mixedviT, menta-
giTqvamT odesme `ukacravad~ luri mzaobis kategoriaSi gonebriv
maRaziaSi manekenisaTvis? ian- sifxizles efeqtis yvelaze maRali
varSi blankze TariRis dafiq- sidide aqvs (-1.417), romelic disci-
sirebisas Zveli weli xom ar plinis darRvevis SemTxvevebis Sem-
dagiweriaT? aseT dros Cven ga- cirebas 42 procentiliT Seesabam-
remodan SezRudul signalebs eba. aqve unda aRvniSno, rom efeq-
viRebT (qalis garegnuli for- tis es ukiduresad maRali sidide
ma, nacnobi blanki) da ar vuS- imiTac aixsneba, rom metaanalizSi
vebT sxva signalebs(umoZrao gaTvaliswinebuli iyo mcire raode-
poza, kalendari), rom Cvens nobis kvlevebi (3) da cdis pirTa
cnobierebaSi SemoaRwion... raodenoba (426). meti kvlevis gaan-
84 klasis marTva

diagrama5.1
mentaluri mzaoba: efeqtis sidideebi
efeqtis 95%-iani
saSualo ndobis cdis pirTa kvlevebis procentilis
  sidide  intervali raodenoba  raodenoba  kleba
mentaluri -1. 294  -1. 098-dan 502  5  40 
mzaoba (zogadi)  -1. 489-mde 
gonebrivi -1. 417  -1. 202-dan 426  3  42 
sifxizle -1. 644-mde
emociuri -0. 705  -0. 228-dan 76  2  26 
balansi  -1. 181-mde
SeniSvna: efeqtis saSualo maCveneblebis gamosaTvlelad, monacemebi zogadsaganmanaTleblo
skolis safexurebis mixedviT xelmisawvdomi ar iyo. 

alizebis SemTxvevaSi, savaraudoa, klasis efeqturi marTva ar

rom efeqtis saSualo sidide ufro aris damokidebuli imaze, Tu
dabali iqneboda. am informaciis rogor arTmevs maswavlebeli
gaTvaliswinebiTac ki, efeqtis sa- Tavs moswavleTa mier disci-
Sualo sidide (-1.417) adasturebs, plinis darRvevis SemTxvevebs;
rom gonebrivi sifxizle klasis arc maswavleblis reagirebazea
marTvis sakmaod mniSvnelovan faq- damokidebuli, ramdenad xSir-
tors warmoadgens. ra aris es gone- ad arRveven moswavleebi dis-
brivi sifxizle, romelsac amxela ciplinas. gamonaklisebic ar-
datvirTvas vaniWebT? sebobs. magaliTad, ganvixiloT
termini `gonebrivi sifxizle~ ori biWis qceva klasis boloSi
jaqob qouninma daamkvidra. qouni- maTematikis gakveTilze. erTi
ni iyo pirveli mkvlevari, romel- itacebs meoris furcels da
mac klasis efeqturi mmarTvelebis isic analogiuri qmedebiT pa-
maxasiaTeblebis Seswavla daiwyo. suxobs. Semdeg pirveli meores
rogorc pirvel TavSi aRvwereT, xumrobiT mxarze xels artyams,
qouninma Tavdapirveli kvleve- meorec aseve pasuxobs. oriveni
bi videoCanawerebis analizis sa- iwyeben sirbils magidis garSemo
fuZvelze Caatara. es iyo maswav- da icinian. Semdeg erTmaneTs
leblebis yoveldRiuri saklaso perangebs qaCaven. am dros mas-
saqmianobis Canawerebi. qouninma wavlebeli ambobs: `geyofaT,
daadgina, rom ZiriTadi gansxvave- biWebo!~ magram es mowodeba
ba, efeqtur da araefeqtur maswav- ukve Zalian gviania. ase rom,
leblebs Soris, is ki ar iyo, Tu aRar aqvs mniSvneloba, maswav-
rogori reaqcia hqondaT maT mos- lebeli axlos midis biWebTan
wavleTa mxridan disciplinis dar- da ise eubneba am winadadebas,
Rvevaze, aramed maTi mzaoba, rom Tu Soridan mimarTavs. aseve,
amoecnoT potenciuri problemuri aRar aqvs mniSvneloba, Tu ra
qceva da dauyovnebliv emoqmedaT toniT ambobs maswavlebeli
am qcevis aRsakveTad. SeniSvnas, _ muqariT Tu Cveu-
qouninma swored aseT mzaobas lebrivi toniT. mniSvnelovania,
uwoda gonebrivi sifxizle: ramdenad mixvdnen moswavleebi,
 mentaluri mzaoba 85

rom maswavlebeli disciplinis uris devneba SeuZliaT. mas-

darRvevis am SemTxvevas winas- wavlebeli mudmivad akontro-
war grZnobda da akontrolebda, lebs, ra xdeba klasSi da mos-
rom mas `Tvalebi aqvs zurgze~. wavleebs agrZnobinebs, rom is
mniSvnelovania, maswavlebeli yovlismxedvelia. moswavleebma
disciplinis darRvevis SemTx- ician, rom maswavlebeli maSinve
vevamde, situaciis eskalaci- amCnevs maT qcevas. es maswav-
amde Caerios. am fenomens vu- lebels exmareba, dasawyisSive
wodebT gonebriv sifxizles. amoZirkvos problema da xeli
(1983, gv. 7). SeuSalos mis disciplinis dar-
Rvevad gadaqcevas. roca mas-
brofi gonebriv sifxizles wavlebeli reagirebs moswavle-
ufro teqnikuri eniT aRwers: Ta qcevaze, problemis sawyis
stadiaSi aRmofxvris mizniT,
maswavlebeli klasSi`yvelafers misi yuradRebis centrSi unda
unda xedavdes~ (man unda icodes, iyos is moswavleze, romelsac
ra xdeba klasis yvela kuTxe- yvelaze didi pasuxismgebloba
kunWulSi); is mudmivad unda ekisreba disciplinis poten-
akontrolebdes mTel klass, ciuri darRvevis gamowvevaSi.
maSinac ki, roca mcire jgufis Tu maswavleblisaTvis rTu-
an erTi moswavlis muSaobas ak- lia pasuxismgebeli moswavlis
virdeba. maswavlebeli maSinve identifikacia, is mouwodebs
unda CaerTos situaciaSi, Tu mTel jgufs, romelic disci-
arsebobs safrTxe, rom es situ- plinis potenciur darRvevaSi
acia disciplinur darRvevad monawileobda, daubrundnen
iqceva. es amcirebs Secdomebs, davalebaze muSaobas (aseTi
radgan dagvianebuli reagireba, saqcieli Tavidan aacilebs mas-
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, aRar wavlebels im Secdomas, romel-
aris efeqturi. aseTi dauy- ic damnaSave moswavlis araswor
ovnebeli CareviT maswavlebeli sajaro identifikacias ukav-
ufro advilad moaxdens im mos- Sirdeba) (gv. 112).
wavlis identifikacias, romel-
ic pasuxismgebelia Tundac po- gonebrivi sifxizle aris un-
tenciur darRvevaze (1996, gv. ari, romlis ganviTarebac maswav-
11). lebels SeuZlia. everTsoni (1995)
adasturebs, rom gonebrivi sifxiz-
da bolos, wignSi `klasebSi lis bevri aspeqtis swavlasa da gan-
Sexedva~ gudi da brofi (2003) gone- viTarebas maswavlebeli drois sak-
briv sifxizles daaxloebiT ise maod mcire monakveTSi moaxerxebs.
aRweren, rogorc qounini. gudi da klasis efeqturi marTvisaTvis
brofi weren: mentaluri mzaobis meore aspeqtia
`emociuri balansi~. sxva sityve-
...efeqturi mmarTvelebi regu- biT, klasis efeqturi mmarTveli
larulad axorcieleben kla- nergavs wesebsa da procedurebs,
sis monitorings. isini iseT disciplinuri reagirebis formebs,
pozicias irCeven, saidanac aviTarebs moswavleebTan efeqtur
maT yvela moswavlis danaxva urTierTobebs ise, rom am wesebisa
da mTeli klasisaTvis Tvaly- da procedurebis darRveva an mo-
86 klasis marTva

swavlis winaaRmdegoba pirovnul inda, rom maswavlebeli, romel-

konfliqtad ar aRiqmeba. ron nel- sac aseTi damokidebuleba aqvs
soni, ron marTela da benita ga- moswavlisadmi, ar aris mis mi-
landi (1998) aRniSnaven, rom emoci- marT realurad ufro Tbili, vi-
uri balansi maswavlebels exmareba, dre is maswavlebeli, visac ufro
`emociis gareSe~ moaxdinos rea- realisturi xedva aqvs. ufro
gireba disciplinasTan dakavSire- metic, `romantikuli~ Sexed-
bul sakiTxebze (gv. 156). robert ulebebis mqone maswavlebels,
da ruT soarebi (1979) xazs usvamen zogadad, ufro qaosuri situa-
emociuri balansis mniSvnelobas da cia hqonda klasSi, vidre real-
aRniSnaven, rom rodesac maswavle- isturi Sexedulebebis mqones...
beli ar iCens emociur obieqtur- es qaosuri situacia ki xSirad
obas, is safrTxes uqmnis klasis kontrols ar eqvemdebareboda,
marTvis mTlian sistemas. rasac Tan axlda maswavleblis
emociuri balansis mniSvneloba- ganrisxeba da missave Sexedule-
ze weren jere brofi da qerolain bebis sawinaaRmdego moqmedeba...
everTsoni (1976) TavianT naSromSi, aseve, gamoikveTa ramdenime imed-
romelic im maswavlebelTa saklaso gacruebuli da gamwarebuli mas-
praqtikis Seswavlas ukavSirde­ wavlebeli, romelic moswavles
ba, romelTa moswavleebic gansa- `mtrad~ aRiqvamda (gv. 43 _ 44).
kuTrebulad maRali akademiuri
moswrebiT gamoirCevian. brofi da aseve, brofi da everTsoni das­
everTsoni weren: Zenen:

warmatebul maswavlebels yov- Cven ratomRac vfiqrobdiT,

elTvis realisturi molodinebi rom mosiyvarule da Tbili mas-
aqvs moswavleebisadmi da moswav- wavleblebi ufro efeqturebi
leTa da maswavleblis urTier- iqnebodnen, gansakuTrebiT, dab-
Tobisadmi. miuxedavad imisa, rom ali socio-ekonomikuri mdgo-
warmatebul maswavlebels bavS- mareobis mqone moswavleebis
vebi uyvars da maTTan urTier- skolebSi. kvlevam aCvena, rom
Toba siamovnebs, is moswavleebs maswavleblis mosiyvarule bune-
profesiul doneze aRiqvams. sxva bas mis efeqturobasTan kavSiri
sityvebiT, moswavle misTvis aris ar aqvs. Tbili maswavleblis yo-
axalgazrda adamiani, romlis mi- lasa da moswavleTa akademiuri
zania swavla da romelTanac mas- moswrebas Soris kavSiri ar da-
wavlebelma konkretuli saxis dasturda (gv. 109).
urTierToba unda Camoayalibos.
am midgomisagan ganxvavdeba na- roca maswavleblebTan emoci-
klebad warmatebuli maswavle- uri balansis Tema ganvixileT, zo-
blis SesaZlo ori ukiduresi gierTis reaqcia uaryofiTi iyo.
mosazreba. am ukanasknels ufro isini aRniSnavdnen, rom emociuri
`romantikuli~ warmodgena aqvs balansis principiT xelmZRvanelo-
moswavleze da Tvlis, rom mos- ba maswavleblisa da moswavlis
wavle aris Tbili, araCveulebri- urTierTobaSi `pirovnuli elemen-
vi, sayvareli, Zvirfasi arseba, tis~ gaqrobas gamoiwvevda. Tu mas-
romelTan yofnac erTi siamovne- wavlebeli obieqturia, maSin, gan-
baa. Cveni kvlevis Sedegad dadg- sazRvrebis mixedviT, is inarCunebs
 mentaluri mzaoba 87

moswavleebTan distancias. ra Tqma wavleTa gagzavnas `fiqris~ oTaxSi

unda, fsiqologiuri distanciis (ix. me-3 da me-8 Tavebi). da bolos,
SenarCuneba aucilebelia, magram mkacri disciplina (qenTeri da
es ar unda iqces urTierTobad, qenTeri, 1992) moicavs gonebrivi
roca maswavlebeli moswavleebs sifxizlis gaumjobesebisa da jan-
zemodan uyurebs. maswavlebeli ise saRi emociuri tonis SenarCunebis
unda marTavdes klass, rom emoci- strategiebs.
urad ar iyos CarTuli am saqmeSi,
pirovnulad masze mimarTulad ar
unda aRiqvas moswavleTa yvela
moqmedeba. amis miRweva sakmaod
rTulia, radgan moswavleTa mier
disciplinis darRvevis dros mas-
rekomendaciebi
wavleblebs, rogorc wesi, sibraze, maswavleblebs
imedgacrueba da sxva ­msgavsi
grZnobebi euflebaT. aseT emoci- rekomendacia 1 q
ur mdgomareobaSi ki maswavlebeli
efeqturad ver danergavs wesebsa
da procedurebs da verc warmate- gamoiyeneT konkretuli meTodebi,
bul urTierTobebs daamyarebs mo- raTa ukeT gaacnobieroT moswav­
swavleebTan. leTa qcevebi (gonebrivi sifxi­
zle).

programebi davukvirdeT termins gonebrivi

sifxizle. erTi SexedviT, es ter-
mentaluri mzaoba aris klasis mar- mini sakuTar TavSi ganviTarebis
Tvis is faqtori, romelic pirda- moments ar Seicavs. maswavlebels
pir ar aisaxeba klasis marTvis an axasiaTebs es, an ara. miuxedavad
programebSi. sxva sityvebiT, dain- amisa, arsebobs garkveuli qmedebebi,
teresebuli piri Znelad Tu moZeb- romlebic am unars aumjobeseben. es
nis programas, romelic, uSualod, qmedebebia: myisieri reaqcia, prob-
gonebriv sifxizles an emociur lemebis prognozireba da gamocdil
balanss exeba. miuxedavad amisa, maswavlebelze dakvirveba.
arsebobs programebi, romlebSic
yuradReba gamaxvilebulia am ori
cnebis Semadgenel sxvadasxva kom- u myisieri reaqcia
ponentze. magaliTad, klasis or-
ganizaciisa da marTvis programaSi gonebrivi sifxizlis TiTqmis yvela
(kompi) (everTsoni, 1995) mocemu- magaliTi adasturebs, rom maswav-
lia strategiebi, romlebic maswav- lebeli, romelsac gamomuSavebuli
lebels exmareba, ukeT gaacnobi- aqvs myisieri reaqciis unari, klas-
eros klasSi Seqmnili situacia da Si aravis tovebs uyuradRebod, arc
gaiazros potenciuri problemebi. maSin, roca erT moswavlesTan an
programa fiqris dro (nelsoni moswavleTa mcire jgufTan muSao-
da qari, 1999) ki exeba emociur bs (ix. berlineri, 1986; brofi,
balanss, gansakuTrebiT, klasSi 1996; qaunini, 1983). sxva sityve-
maswavleblis mier disciplinuri biT, gonebrivi sifxizlis erTi-
procedurebis gamoyenebas da mos- erTi maxasiaTebelia klasisaTvis
88 klasis marTva

sistematurad Tval-yuris devneba, aRwers maqqinli, me-8 klasis mo­

individualur moswavleebsa da mo- swavle, Tavis maTematikis mas­
swavleTa jgufebis qcevaze dak- wavlebels, qalbaton klarks.
virveba. Tu adgili aqvs miuRebel es ukanaskneli cnobilia imiT,
qcevas, maswavlebeli maSinve amaxvi- rom klasSi yovelTvis inar­
lebs yuradRebas am qcevaze. roca Cunebs disciplinas. misi mos­
maswavlebeli Tvlis, rom is ar wavleebi yovelTvis wynarad
aris saqmis kursSi, Tu ras akeTeben muSaoben konkretul davaleba­
misi moswavleebi, man xSirad unda ze. qalbatoni klarki arasodes
gadaxedos klass da amoicnos dis- agdebs moswavleebs klasidan.
ciplinis darRvevis potenciuri maswavlebeli yovelTvis amC­
Tu realuri mcdelobebi. qvemoT nevs, roca moswavleebi saubars
moyvanilia konkretuli rCevebi iwyeben an disciplinas ar­
maswavleblebisaTvis: Rveven. mis yuradRebas aseTi
• xSirad imoZraveT klasSi; faqtebi maSinac ki ar gamorCe­
• yuradRebiT daakvirdiT moswav- ba, roca erT moswavlesTan, an
leTa saxis gamometyvelebas; moswavleTa jgufTan muSaobs.
• roca klass gadaxedavT, gansa- roca disciplinis darRvevis
kuTrebuli yuradReba im qcevaze mcdelobas amCnevs, maswavle­
gaamaxvileT, romelic SeiZleba beli Cerdeba, SeiZleba iTqvas,
problemur situaciaSi gadaiz- qvavdeba, da mxedvelobiT kon­
ardos; taqts amyarebs moswavlesTan
• mxedvelobiTi kontaqti daam- an moswavleebTan. aseT dros
yareT im moswavleebTan, rom- qalbatoni klarkis gamome­
lebic disciplinur darRvevaSi tyveleba saerTod ar gamox­
monawileoben, an ganzraxuli atavs uaryofiT emociebs, mxo­
aqvT disciplinis darRveva; lod yuradReba aweria saxeze.
• Tu mxedvelobiTma kontaqtma ar roca disciplinis damrRvevni
gaWra, miuaxlovdiT moswavles; maswavlebels ver amCneven, maTi
• Tu miuRebeli qceva grZeldeba, Tanatolebi uTiTeben. moswav­
moswavles sityvierad mimarTeT. leebis dawynarebisTanave, mas­
sasurvelia, es mimarTva mxolod wavlebeli saqmes ubrundeba. es
im moswavlem gaigonos, visac es yvelaferi, rogorc wesi, ram­
exeba. denime wams grZeldeba. maswav­
leblis mxridan zrdilobiani
analogiuri teqnikis gamoyeneba yuradReba da usityvo qmedeba,
maswavlebels maSinac SeuZlia, rogorc wesi, sasurvel Sede­
roca moswavlesTan individualu- gebs iZleva.
rad an moswavleTa mcire jgufTan
muSaobs. drodadro man Tvali unda
moswyvitos moswavles an jgufs da u problemebis prognozireba
mTel klass gadaxedos.
qvemoT moyvanili magaliTi aR- yovlismxedvelobas aumjobesebs
wers aseTi maswavleblis qcevas: maswavleblis unari, rom moaxdinos
problemebis prognozireba. ras
`magaria ra. is arc yviris, niSnavs es? maswavlebels unda SeeZ-
arc mkacri mzeriT giyurebs. los, gaTvalos, Tu rogor SeiZle-
ubralod, giyurebs da esaa~. ase ba moiqces konkretuli moswavle
 mentaluri mzaoba 89

mocemul gakveTilze da reagire- swavleTa kritikuli azrovneb­

bis ra forma unda airCios am dros is ganviTarebas ver Seuwyobda
Tavad maswavlebelma. me-4 TavSi xels. qalbatonma uilsonma
aRwerili moswavleTa kategoriebi ukeTesi gamosavali moZebna: man
_ agresiuli, pasiuri, yuradRebis moswavleebs gamoucxada, rom
problemebiT, srulyofilebaze proeqtze muSaobis pirveli
orientirebuli da socialuri ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi
problemebis mqone _ gansakuTrebiT is dajdeboda klasis Suagul­
sayuradReboa am miznisaTvis. Tu Si (klasSi siarulis nacvlad),
maswavlebels klasSi am kategori- yvela jgufisagan Tanabrad
is moswavleebi hyavs, man unda if- daSorebul distanciaze. yve­
iqros disciplinis potenciur dar- la moswavles eqneboda sa­
Rvevebze, romlebic am moswavleeb- Sualeba, misuliyo masTan da
is mier SeiZleba iyos inicirebuli. daxmareba eTxova. am strate­
magaliTad, maswavlebels kargad giuli poziciidan qalbatoni
moexseneba, rom srulyofilebaze uilsoni mTel klass advilad
orientirebuli moswavle SeiZleba daakvirdeboda da monitorings
ganerviuldes, Tu man kargad ver gauwevda jgufebis saqmianobas.
gaigo axsnili masala, an ver as- is maSinve CaerTveboda moswav­
rulebs micemul davalebas. Sesa- leTa muSaobaSi, Tu SeniSnavda,
bamisad, Tu maswavlebeli grZnobs, rom moswavleebi disciplinas
rom axalma masalam SeiZleba mos- arRvevdnen. maswavlebelma
wavles sirTuleebi Seuqmnas, ise SeamCnia, rom aseTma qcevam gaa­
unda CarTos axsnis procesSi sru- marTla.
lyofilebaze orientirebuli mo-
swavle, rom Tavidan aicilos Sem-
dgomi problemebi. hiperaqtiur u gamocdil maswavlebelze
moswavles (yuradRebasTan dakav- dakvirveba
Sirebuli problemebis mqone mos-
wavleTa qvekategoria) ki SeiZleba gonebrivi sifxizlis zogi as-
gauWirdes saklaso aqtivobebSi peqti Zalian faqizi da situaci-
CarTva Sesvenebis Semdeg. qvemoT aze damokidebulia. gamocdilebis
moyvanilia magaliTi am TemasTan SeZenasTan erTad, zogi maswavle-
dakavSirebiT: beli aviTarebs yovlismxedvelo-
bis im aspeqtebs, romlebic nakle-
qalbatonma uilsonma icoda, bad gamocdili maswavleblisaTvis
rom axali jgufuri proeqtis ucxoa. Tu maswavlebels axali
pirveli dRe rTuli SeiZle­ ideebi sWirdeba, mas SeuZlia, ufro
boda yofiliyo misi ramdenime gamocdil maswavlebels mimarTos
moswavlisaTvis. ufro metic, da klasSi mis muSaobas daakvird-
mas SeeZlo prognozireba imi­ es. gakveTilis dasrulebis Semdeg,
sa, rom rogorc ki moswavleebs naklebad gamocdil maswavlebels
imedi gaucruvdebodaT, dai­ SeuZlia, gaesaubros mas da gaacnos
wyebdnen disciplinis darRve­ Tavisi Sexedulebebi. gamocdil
vas. Sesabamisad, maswavlebelma pedagogTan saubari Rirebulia im
ifiqra, gaemartivebina proeq­ TvalsazrisiT, rom daexmareba mas-
ti, magram mixvda, rom es ar wavlebels potenciuri probleme-
iqneboda kargi, radgan amiT mo­ bis amocnobis unaris ganviTarebasa
90 klasis marTva

da maswavleblis mxridan saTanado rekomendacia 2 q

reaqciis gamomuSavebaSi. Tu nakle-
bad gamocdili maswavlebeli karg gamoiyeneT konkretuli meTodebi,
urTierTobas daamyarebs mentor- rac saSualebas mogcemT, jansaRi,
Tan, SeuZlia, is Tavis gakveTilze obieqturi midgoma gqondeT mos­
miiwvios da rekomendaciebi sTxo- wavleebisadmi.
vos. qvemoT moyvanilia aseTi praq-
tikis magaliTi: emociuri balansi gulisxmobs eqs-
tremaluri emociebis moTokvas mo-
`batoni qiliani ise icavs
swavleebTan urTierTobis dros.
klasSi disciplinas, rom maqsi­
es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania
malur dros itovebs, uSua­
maSin, roca maswavlebeli disci-
lod, saswavlo procesisaT­
plinis darRvevis sapasuxo qmede-
vis. masze dakvirvebisas amC­
bas axorcielebs. moswavleebis
nev, rom gakveTilze TiTqmis
mier disciplinis darRvevaze sapa-
mTeli dro swavlebis process
suxo reaqciis erTi ukiduresobaa
eTmoba~. ase afasebda mentors
sibrazis, xolo meore ukiduresoba
qalbatoni jakobsoni, romel­
_ imedgacruebis gamoxatva. sibraze
sac maswavlebloba erTi wlis
da imedgacrueba, ra Tqma unda, mas-
dawyebuli hqonda. batoni qil­
wavleblis bunebrivi reaqciebia.
iani mudmivad bolTas scemda
miuxedavad amisa, maswavlebelma
saklaso oTaxSi da cdilobda,
unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom uki-
sxvadasxvanairad aewyo moswav­
duresi sibrazisa da imedgacrue-
leebTan urTierToba. komu­
bis pirobebSic ki, am emociebis
nikacia sagakveTilo masalas
gamomJRavneba sasargeblo ar aris.
exeboda. roca batoni qiliani
kidev erTi ganwyoba, romelic
uaxlovdeboda disciplinis
xels ar uwyobs klasis efeqtur
potenciurad damrRvev mos­
marTvas, aris meryeoba. qaruini da
wavles, mogeCvenebodaT, rom es
mendleri (1988) weren:
iyo misi bunebrivi svla, da ara
am konkretuli moswavlisaken xandaxan maswavlebels emCne-
ganzrax mimarTuli qmedeba. va, rom Tan brazdeba da Tan
maswavleblis yvela qmedeba ecodeba moswavle. maswavle-
iyo ukiduresad delikaturi beli aseTi qceviT moswavles
da aranairad ar Seicavda mos­ agrZnobinebs, rom misi eSinia.
wavleebisadmi muqaras. disci­ moswavleebi maSinve imaxsovre-
plinis darRvevis yvela mcde­ ben amas: maswavlebeli advilad-
lobis aRmofxvra momentalu­ SesaSinebelia... meore mxriv,
rad xdeboda. qalbatoni jakob­ maswavleblis zedmeti agresiu-
soni gaocebuli iyo da fiqrob­ loba moswavleSi mtrul gan-
da, SeZlebda Tu ara, odesme wyobas, siZulvilsa da SiSs
aseTi efeturi maswavlebeli iwvevs. es namdvilad ar aris is
yofiliyo. am gamocdilebam emociebi, romlebic swavlisa
qalbaton jakobsons daanaxa, da swavlebis efeqtur process
rogori unda iyos maswavle­ uwyobs xels (gv. 98).
beli
arsebobs konkretuli meTodebi,
 mentaluri mzaoba 91

rac daexmareba maswavlebels, mos- ganqorwinebas apireben. Tqven

wavleebTan emociuri obieqturoba gaxsendebaT yvela is SemTxveva,
SeinarCunos. ramac es wyvili am Sedegamde mi-
iyvana. `vicodi, rom ase moxde-
boda. kargad maxsovs, rogor
u mizezebis Zieba Cxubobdnen xolme. saSineli
Cxubi iyo~, ambobT. warmovidgi-
emociuri balansis SenarCuneba ar noT meore varianti: Tqven ig-
iqneba Zneli, Tu maswavlebeli uSu- ebT, rom isini vercxlis qor-
alod misken mimarTul provokaciad wils ixdian. aseT SemTxvevaSi
ar aRiqvams moswavlis mier dis- ki ambobT: `araCveulebrivia,
ciplinis darRvevas. im mizezebis ara? ra mtkice ojaxi aqvT.
gaazreba, rac moswavlis mier dis- TiTqmis arasodes kamaToben da
ciplinis darRvevas udevs safuZv- Tu odesme mcired waikamaTeben,
lad, maswavlebels jansaRi obieq- tkbiladve rigdebian~ (gv. 64).
turobis SenarCunebaSi daexmareba.
mkvle­varebi acxadeben, rom, rogorc lengeris magaliTi SesaniSnavad
wesi, moswavlis mier disciplinis warmoadgens imas, Tu rogor Seu-
darRveva ar ukavSirdeba maT damok- Zlia adamians mocemuli informa-
idebulebas im konkretuli maswav- cia sxvadasxva CarCoSi moaTavsos.
leblisadmi, romlis gakveTilzec am strategiis gamoyeneba klasSic
isini disciplinas arRveven (drai- SeiZleba. gavecnoT qvemoT moyva-
qursi, 1968; draiqursi, grinualdi nil magaliTs:
da feferi, 1982). Tu maswavlebeli
am daskvnas kargad gaiTavisebs, aRar roca batoni qenedi axalgaz-
moaxdens moswavlis qcevis person- rda iyo, manqanis tarebisas
alizacias. sailustraciod, gan- saSinlad iZabeboda, ver itanda
vixiloT magaliTi: roca moswavle sxva mZRolebis mier moZrao-
arasaTanadod iqceva, maswavlebeli bis wesebis darRvevas. Semdeg
unda dafiqrdes imaze, Tu ra Sei- man specialuri kursi gaiara,
Zleba iyos moswavlis aseTi qcevis saxelwodebiT, `CarCos Secv-
mizezi da gaaanalizos is, rom es la~. axla, roca vinme moZrao-
qceva sulac ar aris gamowveuli bis wesebs arRvevs, is fiqrobs:
maswavleblisadmi agresiiT an upa- albaT avadmyofi bavSvi hyavs
tivcemlobiT. fsiqologiaSi amas da eCqareba. batoni qenedi ukve
zogjer `CarCos Secvlis~ saxeliT aRar Riziandeba da pirad Seu-
moixsenieben (ix. elisi, 1977; maihen- racxyofad aRar aRiqvams, roca
baumi, 1977). lengeri (1989) `Car- mas manqana gzas gadauWris.
Cos Secvlis~ Semdeg magaliTs war- roca batonma qenedim maswav-
mogvidgens: lebloba daiwyo, es meTodi
klasSic danerga. Tu moswavle
...Tqven xSirad xedavT wyvils, ar asrulebs davalebas, sau-
alissa da freds. xandaxan brobs TanatolebTan an yura-
gesmiT, Tu rogor kamaToben dRebas ar aqcevs maswavlebels,
isini. Tqven am kamaTs yura- batoni qenedi fiqrobs: albaT
dRebas ar aqcevT. gana yvela sakuTari kompleqsebis dafar-
wyvili ar kamaTobs? axlaxans vas cdilobs, an diliT raRac
gaigeT, rom alisi da fredi SeemTxva, SesaZloa, axlaxan
92 klasis marTva

arasasiamovno ambavi gaigo. ase- `ara gabrazebas!~- umeorebs

Ti midgoma baton qenedis simS- sakuTar Tavs qalbatoni iun­
vidis SenarCunebaSi exmareba gi. gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca
da moswavleTa qcevas aRiqvams, gakveTilis Semdegac ki mo­
rogorc disciplinis prob- swavlis araswor saqcielze
lemebs, da ara piradad masze fiqrobs da aRelvebas ver
ganxorcielebul Setevas. Tokavs. man icis, rom mudmivad
unda imeoros: `ara gabrazebas!
u Tqveni fiqrebis ara gabrazebas!~ aseve, saRamos
monitoringi gadawyvetilebas iRebs, rom
momavali ori dRis ganmavloba­
emociuri obieqturobis SenarCu- Si sam pozitiur `rames~ etyvis
nebis erT-erTi strategia gulisx- moswavles, romelmac wina dRes
mobs konkretuli moswavleebisadmi disciplina daarRvia. `Tu mos­
Tqveni damokidebulebebis moni- wavlis tanisamosis feris gar­
tornigs (gudi, 1982; rozenSaini, da verafers movZebni, razec mas
1983; rozenTali da jaqobsoni, mosawoni ram SeiZleba vuTxra,
1968). albaT SegimCneviaT, rom ad- mainc vaxerxeb amis gakeTe­
vilad amyarebT urTierTobas im bas. roca moswavles dadebiT
moswavleebTan, romelTa mimarTac sityvebs xmamaRla veubnebi,
dadebiTad xarT ganwyobili. Sesa- vamCnev, rom misdami ganwyoba
Zloa, Tqven ar dakvirvebixarT imas, mecvleba. maSinac ki, Tu Cems
rom moswavlisadmi uaryofiTi gan- keTil sityvebs moswavlis mo­
wyoba aseve garkveul zegavlenas RuSuli saxe xvdeba. im drois­
axdens Tqvens komunikaciaze am mos- aTvis, roca moswavles mesamed
wavlesTan. qvemoT moyvanili reko- Sevaqeb, ukve mexsneba mxrebidan
mendaciebi dagexmarebaT, gaTavisu- tvirTi. luisis perefrazs mov­
fldeT uaryofiTi damokidebuleb- iyvandi, rom keTil sityvas ara
isagan (marzano da sxvebi, 1997): moswavlis, aramed sakuTari
• gakveTilis dawyebamde gonebaSi Tavis Sesacvlelad vambob.~
Tvali gadaavleT Tqvens moswav-
leebs da gansakuTrebuli yura- u zrunva sakuTar emociur
dReba SeaCereT maTze, visganac mdgomareobaze
akademiur, an qcevasTan dakav-
Sirebul problemebs moeliT; emociuri obieqturobis SenarCune-
• axla warmoidgineT es `probl- bis bolo strategia moswavleebs ar
emuri~ moswavleebi rogor pozi- ukavSirdeba; is mTlianad exeba mas-
tiurad erTvebian saklaso muSao- wavleblis emociur mdgomareoba-
baSi. sxva sityvebiT, ecadeT, ze zrunvas. qaruini da mendleri
uaryofiTi warmodgenebi dadebi- (1988) emociur sijansaReze amgvari
Ti warmodgenebiT CaanacvloT; zrunvis Sesaxeb weren:
• aseT moswavleebTan interaqciis
dros, ecadeT, ifiqroT mxolod Cven araerTxel aRgviniSnavs,
dadebiT Sedegebze. rom maswavlebels, disciplin-
is darRvevis SemTxvevidan,
qvemoT moyvanili magaliTi aCven- sibraze, siZulvili da sxva
ebs, Tu rogor iyenebs am process mtruli grZnobebi ar unda
maswavlebeli: gamohyves. Tu moswavlesTan,
 mentaluri mzaoba 93

disciplinasTan dakavSirebu- problemuri dReebi. ra Tqma

li problemis gamo, usiamovno unda, problemebi arsebobs.
situacia Seiqmna, problemis frenk qeTreras saidumlo isaa,
aRmofxvris Semdeg maswavle- rom rogorc ki xvdeba, rom is
beli aRar unda cdilobdes, seriozulad iwyebs probleme­
daumtkicos moswavles, rom bze fiqrs, icis, rogorc moiqc­
masze `magaria~. yoveli axali es. aseT dros, frenk qeTrera
dRe maswavlebelma Tavidan saxlSi wasvlamde, daaxloe­
unda daiwyos (gv. 105). biT, 10 wuTis manZilze uyurebs
xolme sayvarel videos; es aris
qaruini da medleri maswavleb- Zveli, sasacilo `SabaTis saRa­
lebs sTavazoben rCevebs im stre- mos cocxali komedia~. am vide­
sis SemsubuqebisaTvis, romelic oSi jeri seinfeldi TamaSobs
SeiZleba Tan axldes, klasis mar- maswavlebels, romelsac hyavs
Tvis TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebiT metismetad imedgamacruebeli
mZime dRes: moswavleebi. ramdenjerac ar
• komfortulad moTavsdiT savar- unda hqondes es Canaweri nanaxi,
Zelze da Rrmad isunTqeT; eca- misi xelaxali naxvisas frenk
deT araferze ifiqroT; qeTrera yovelTvis gulianad
• warmoidgineT idealuri dasas- icinis. am bolo dros, kolege­
venebeli adgili, sadac mZime bis imedgacruebis Semxedvare
Sromis Semdeg SeiZleba ganit- frenk qeTreras daebada azri,
virToT; erTxel maTac ayurebinos es
• jansaRi iumoriT miudeqiT mos- Canaweri da Seaxsenos, rom mas­
wavleebTan arsebul disciplin- wavlebloba, maSinac ki, roca
is problemebs. gaiTvaliswineT, imedgacruebis elementebs Sei­
rom moswavleebi ar arian zrda­ cavs, mainc saxaliso saqmea.
sruli adamianebi da Tqvens
gakveTilze maTi saqcieli sulac
ar aris Tqvendami upativcemlo- Sejameba
bis gamomxatveli;
• gansakuTrebiT rTuli dReebis klasis efeqturi marTvis meoTxe
bolos, ecadeT sakuTar Tavs ra- aspeqti, mentaluri mzaoba, moicavs
Rac sasiamovno moumzadoT. or maxasiaTebels: gonebrivi sifxi-
qvemoT moyvanilia erT-erTi zle da emociuri balansi. gonebrivi
strategiis gamoyenebis magaliTi: sifxizle gulisxmobs moswavleTa
qcevasTan dakavSirebuli potenci-
`swavleba aRar aris CemTvis uri problemebis identifikaciasa
saxaliso saqme~. am bolo dros da maTze swraf reagirebas. emoci-
frenk qeTreras xSirad esmis es uri balansi ki aris maswavleblis
sityvebi Tavisi kolegebisagan. unari, daamyaros moswavleebTan
frenk qeTreras isini ecodeba, saqmiani, TanamSromlobiTi urT-
radgan piradad mas maswavle­ ierToba. emociuri balansi gan-
bloba Zalian did siamovnebas sakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania maSin,
aniWebs. es imas ar niSnavs, rom roca maswavlebeli moswavlis mi-
frenk qeTreras ar aqvs xolme marT disciplinur zomebs atarebs.
6
...
m os w a v l is p as u x is m ge b lo b a
k l a s is m a r Tvaze

me-6 Tavamde ganvixilavdiT im am damokidebulebas jim lar-

strategiebs, romlebic maswavleb- sonic (1998) iziarebs da aRniSnavs,
els klasis efeqtur marTvaSi ex- rom `saskolo disciplinis pro-
mareba. ra Tqma unda, klasSi wamy- cedurebi... ZiriTadad, reaqciul,
vani Zala maswavlebelia. miuxedavad administraciul RonisZiebebs em-
amisa, klasis marTvaSi gasaTval- yareba, rogorebicaa, gancalkev-
iswinebelia moswavlis pasuxismge- eba an gaZeveba...~ (gv. 284). larsoni
blobebic. zogierTi Teoretikosi gamosavals mowavleTa CarTuloba-
uaryofiTad afasebs im rCevebs, Si xedavs; misi azriT, moswavleebma
romlebic me-2 _ me-5 TavebSi moviy- aqtiuri monawileoba unda miiRon
vaneT. magaliTad, reimond vlodk- marTvis wesebis Camoyalibebasa da
ovski Tavis statiaSi `disciplina: aRsrulebaSi:
didi araswori imedi~ (1982) wers:
qcevis kodeqsi konkretulad
gamomdinare iqidan, rom disci- ganmartavs, Tu rogori qcevaa
plina xSirad kontrols niSnavs, dasaSvebi skolaSi da xsnis im
is moswavlisaTvis pirdapir an gaurkvevlobas, romelic sxva-
irib muqarasTan asocirdeba. dasxvagvarad interpretireba-
principSi, maswavlebeli moswav- sa da, pirobiT wesebs SeiZleba
les eubneba: `Tu Sen ar gaakeTeb axldes Tan... Zveleburi avto-
imas, rac, Cemi azriT, SenT- ritaruli kodeqsebisagan gan-
vis saukeTesoa, me yvelanairad sxvavebiT, romlebic ZiriTad
vecdebi, rom am klasSi bevri aqcents wesebsa da dasjaze
sirTule Segxvdes~. (gv. 8) akeTebdnen, qcevis Tanamedrove

94
 moswavlis pasuxismgebloba klasis marTvaze 95

kodeqsi unda SemuSavdes moswav- aris~ (gv. 15). bears mohyavs 1996
leebis, maswavleblebis, skolis wlis gelapis kvleva (elami, rouzi
TanamSromlebisa da mSoblebis da gelapi, 1996), romlis Sede-
uSualo monawileobiT; xSirad gebis mixedviTac, amerikuli sa-
unda xdebodes misi ganxilva zogadoebis 98 %-is azriT, skola
da modifikacia (gv. 285) unda amzadebdes pasuxismgebel mo-
qalaqeebs.
larsoni agrZelebs, rom saklaso bevri kvleva Catarebula im
wesebis CamoyalibebaSi moswavlee- strategiebis Sesaswavlad, rom-
bis CarTvas Tan axlavs TviTdisci- lebic moswavleebSi pirovnuli
plinisa da pasuxismgeblobis gan- pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis ganvi-
viTareba, rac, sabolood, am midg- Tarebas exeba. dadebiT Sedegebze
omis yvelaze sasargeblo Sedegs gadis is strategiebi, romlebic
warmoadgens. jorj beari (1998) aumjobeseben moswavleTa kompe-
eTanxmeba am mosazrebas da Semde- tenciebs konkretul akademiur
gnairad aRwers TviTdisciplinis dargSi (stivensi, bleqhursti da
ganviTarebis Sedegebs: `TviTdisci- sleToni, 1991), zrdian moswavle-
plina gulisxmobs adamianis qcevis Ta CarTulobas sagakveTilo pro-
Sinagan motivacias, demokratiuli cesSi (naraiani, hiuardi, gardneri,
idealebis gaTavisebas da yvelaze qoursoni da omnesi, 1990), amcire-
naTelia maSin, roca qcevis garegani ben disciplinasTan dakavSirebul
regulaciebi ar arsebobs~ (gv. 16). problemebs (Cerlofi, burgio, iua-
ase rom, moswavleTa pasuxismge- Ta da ivanCici, 1988).
blobas sakuTar qcevaze sxvadasxva arsebobs kvlevebi, romlebic
termini ukavSirdeba. am terminebs klasis marTvis konteqstSi social-
Sorisaa: TviTdisciplina, TviTme­ uri unarebis gaumjobesebas exeba.
nejmenti, TviTregulacia, TviT­ konkretulad, socialuri unare-
kontroli, socialuri unarebi bis gamomuSaveba gulisxmobs mos-
da sxva. imisda miuxedavad, Tu ra wavleebisaTvis imis swavlebas, Tu
saxeliT movixseniebT am cnebas, rogori reaqcia SeiZleba hqondeT
sakiTxis arsi ar icvleba: moswav- maT Tanatolebis qcevaze (qarTle-
leebs unda gavagebinoT, rom isi- ji da milburni, 1978; medousi,
ni pasuxismgebelni arian sakuTar nili, farqeri da Timo, 1991). kvle­
qcevaze da rom maT sWirdebaT dax- vebi cxadhyofs, rom es unari ukav-
mareba, raTa SeZlon sakuTari qce- Sirdeba moswavleTa damokideb-
vis kontroli. ulebebs, maTi Tanatolebis maTda-
mi damokidebulebasa da akademiur
moswrebas (sieCalski da Smiti, 1995;
kvlevebi da Teoria grini, foridi, beqi da voski, 1980
vendeli da hembree, 1994; uaineri,
dadasturebulia, rom moswavleeb- harisi da Sireri, 1990; qeini, 1990;
Si pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis gan- dauTi, 1997; larsoni, 1989; uos-
viTareba Zalian mniSvnelovania Teri, 1986; Trafani da geTingeri,
amerikul ganaTlebaSi. beari (1998) 1989; harTi, 1996). mniSvnelovania
wers, `amerikeli xalxis rwme­na, imis gaTvaliswinebac, rom kvleveb-
rom skola TviTdisciplinaSi unda is garkveuli nawili amyarebs urT-
wvrTnides moswavleebs, arasodes ierTkavSirs socialur unarebsa da
yofila imaze Zlieri, vidre dRes akademiur moswrebas Soris (robin-
96 klasis marTva

diagrama 6.1
moswavleTa pasuxismgebloba: efeqtis sidideebi
efeqtis 95%-iani cdis procen­
saSualo ndobis pirTa kvlevebis tilis
sidide  intervali raodenoba  raodenoba  kleba

pasuxismgeblobis ganviTarebis -0. 694 -0. 562-dan 1021 28 25

strategiebi (zogadad) -0. 825-mde

TviTmonitoringisa da -0. 597 -0. 408-dan 473 13 23

kontrolis strategiebi -0. 786-mde

kognituri strategiebi -0. 778 -0. 479-dan 203 5 28

-1. 076-mde

saSualo safexuri -0. 981 -0. 574-dan 109 3 34

-1. 388-mde

sabazo safexuri -0. 826 -0. 586-dan 309 8 30

-1. 066-mde

dawyebiTi safexuris bolo -0. 540 -0. 348-dan 470 12 21

klasebi -0. 733-mde

dawyebiTi safexuri -0. 706 -0. 339-dan 133 5 26

-1. 074-mde

soni, 1985; briqmani, 1995; dauerTi, dakvirvebas, dakvirvebis Sedegebis

1989; faringeri, 1996; qaufmani, raime formiT CaniSvnas, am Canaw-
1995; biSofi, 1989). erebis Sedarebas Tavdapirvel kri-
moswavleTa pasuxismgeblo­bas­ teriumTan da sakuTari warmatebis
Tan dakavSirebuli metaanalizis aRiarebas.
Sedegebi Tavmoyrilia diagrama 6.1- kognituri strategiebic Sei-
ze. rogorc diagrama 6.1-ze Cans, cavs sakuTar saqcielze dakvirve-
moswavlis pasuxismgeblobis swav- bisa da monitoringis elementebs.
lebasTan dakavSirebuli strat- Tumca es strategiebi ar gulisx-
egiebis efeqtis saSualo sididea mobs Canawerebis gakeTebas, krite-
-0.694. sxva sityvebiT, pasuxismge- riumebis dadgenas an warmatebis
blobis ganviTarebis strategiebi aRiarebas, kriteriumebis miRwevis
asocirdeba moswavleTa mier dis- SemTxvevaSi. kognituri strategie-
ciplinis darRvevis 25 procentil- bi koncentrirebulia moswavlis
iT SemcirebasTan. aRsaniSnavia, rom azrebis ganxilvaze, qcevis Sedege-
diagrama 6.1-ze mocemulia pasux- bis gaanalizebaze, alternatiuli
ismgeblobis ganviTarebis ori Zir- qcevis Sefasebasa da yvelaze efeq-
iTadi kategoriis efeqtis sididee- turi qcevis SerCevaze.
bi, es kategoriebia: TviTmonitor­ miuxedavad imisa, rom zogadsa-
ingisa da kontrolis strategiebi ganmanaTleblo skolaSi moswavle-
da kognituri strategiebi. TaTvis pasuxismgeblobis swavlebis
TviTmonitoringisa da kontro- aucilebloba kvlevebiT dastur­
lis strategiebis farglebSi, mos- deba, aseT swavlebas saskolo gare-
wavleebs aswavlian sakuTar qcevaze mo xSirad ver uzrunvelyofs. edu-
 moswavlis pasuxismgebloba klasis marTvaze 97

ard Sapiro da qrisTin qouli (1994) magram ara imitom, rom es araefeq-
kvlevebis mimoxilvaSi aRniSnaven: turia. diagrama 6.1 adasturebs mo-
swavleebSi pasuxismgeblobis ganvi-
ganaTlebis specialistebi da Tarebis efeqturobas. mniSvnelova-
mSoblebi Tanxmdebian, rom nia, am wignis mkiTxvelma gaiazros,
TviTmenejmentis unarebis rom moswavleSi pasuxismgeblobis
swavla bavSvebisaTvis prior- grZnobis ganviTareba sul sxva kat-
itetulia. miuxedavad amisa, egoriaa da gansxvavdeba wesebisa da
am unarebis swavleba skolaSi procedurebis damkvidrebisagan,
sistematur xasiaTs ar atarebs, disciplinis gaumjobesebaze mi-
gansakuTrebiT, im moswavleebi- marTuli RonisZiebebisagan da a.S.
saTvis, romlebic akademiuri, moswavleebSi pasuxismgeblobis gan-
an qcevis problemebiT gam- viTarebas araadamianuri Zalisxmeva
oirCevian. rogorc wesi, yura- sWirdeba da, Sesabamisad, am sakiTxs
dReba eqceva klasis kontrolis didi gulisyuriT unda mivudgeT.
meTodebsa da disciplinas, mas- rogorc brofi (1996) ­xsnis, Tu mas-
wavleblis mier ganxorciele- wavlebels surs, Cawvdes am sferos,
buli marTvis pirobebSi (gv. 2). Semdeg komponentebze unda gaamax-
vilos yuradReba:
moswavlis qcevaze misive pa-
suxismgeblobis unaris Camoyal- 1. moswavleebTan axlo urT-
ibebaze naklebi zrunva, SesaZloa, ierTobebi ganaviTareT, imaze
garkveulwilad, ganpirobebulia meti, rac saswavlo procesis
im faqtiT, rom skolis maswavleb- warmarTvisTvisaa saWiro.
lis Cveulebriv funqciebSi am un- 2. gaatareT skolis gareT
aris ganviTareba ar Sedis. rogorc garkveuli dro moswavleebTan
winamdebare TavSi warmodgenili da maT mSoblebTan.
rekomendaciebidan naTeli xdeba, 3. ecadeT, CaswvdeT da
am kategoriis RonisZiebebis ga- gaumklavdeT im kompleqsur
tareba maswavleblisaTvis sakmaod problemebs, romlebic wlebis
Sromatevadia da mniSvnelovnad ganmavlobaSi dagrovda. amis
gansxvavdeba urTierTobaTa im tip- gakeTeba SeiZleba damatebiTi
isagan, rasac, Cveulebriv, maswavle- anazRaurebisa da special-
blebi moswavleebTan da mSoblebT- uri treningebis gavlis gareSe
an / meurveebTan, ayalibeben. aqe- mogiwioT.
dan gamomdinare, pasuxismgeblobis 4. SesaZloa, mogiwioT sa-
swavleba klasis marTvis gadamwyvet pirispiro mosazrebebis mqone
komponentTa nusxaSi ar SeviyvaneT. skolis administraciis warmo-
pirvel TavSi klasis efeqturi madgenlebTan argumentirebu-
marTvis oTxi mTavari komponen- li kamaTi.
ti ganvsazRvreT, esenia: wesebi da 5. SesaZloa, waawydeT SemTx-
procedurebi, disciplinis gaum- vevebs, roca moswavle da/an
jobesebaze mimarTuli RonisZie- misi ojaxi, romlis daxmare-
bebi, maswavleblis urTierToba basac Tqven cdilobT, imedga-
moswavleebTan, mentaluri mzaoba. cruebulia (gv. 8).
rogorc xedavT, moswavleTaTvis
brofis SeniSvnebi sakmaod sain-
pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis ganvi-
teresoa da maTze yuradRebis
Tareba ar Sedis am elementTa siaSi,
98 klasis marTva

gamaxvileba namdvilad Rirs man- bavSvis ganviTarebis proeqti

am, sanam maswavlebeli am sferoSi Seicavs maswavlebelTa profesiu-
muSaobas Seudgeba. Cvenc daveTanx- li ganviTarebis Zlier komponents,
mebodiT brofis da maswavleblebs romlis farglebSic maswavleblebs
vurCevdiT, ar moeridon am damate- sami wlis ganmavlobaSi utardebaT
biTi pasuxismgeblobis aRebas. 30 dRiani intensiuri treningi.
programis efeqturobasTan dakav-
SirebiT, beari wers:
programebi
Catarda programis Sefasebebi,
arsebobs ramdenime programa, rac moicavda saklaso dakvirve-
romelic moswavlis pasuxismgeblo- bebs, moswavleebTan intervi-
bis sxvadasxva aspeqts exeba. magal- uebs, maswavlebelTa Sefasebis
iTad, bavSvis ganviTarebis proeq­ skalebs. am Sefasebebma daadas-
ti (baTistiCi, uotsoni, solomoni, tura, rom, sakontrolo jguf-
Safsi da solomoni, 1991) erT- Tan SedarebiT, sakvlev jgufSi
erTi yvelaze gamorCeulia TviT- myofi moswavleebi ufro mego-
regulaciis unarebis ganviTarebis brulni da keTilganwyobilni
kuTxiT. rogorc beari (1998) aRw- iyvnen, hqondaT daxmarebis sur-
ers, bavSvis ganviTarebis proeqti vili, avlendnen prosocialuri
efuZneba SemecnebiT, ganviTare- qcevis maxasiaTeblebs...
baze orientirebul, konstruqtiv- moswavleebTan interviueb-
istul midgomas da, ZiriTadad, ma daadastura, rom programa-
yuradRebas prosocialuri qcevis Si CarTuli bavSvebi (sakvlevi
grZelvadian ganviTarebaze amax- jgufi) ukeT flobda prob-
vilebs; naklebi yuradReba eqceva lemebis socialurad gadaWris
jildoebTan da dasjasTan dakav- unarebs... (gv. 24 _ 25).
Sirebul gare kontrols. bavSvis
ganviTarebis proeqti socialuri arsebobs sxva programebi, rom-
pasuxismgeblobis, Sinagani moti- lebic miznad isaxavs bavSvebisaTvis
vaciisa da prosocialuri qcevis TviTregulaciisa da pasuxismge-
ganviTarebis saqmeSi konstruqtiv- blobis swavlebas. erT-erTi aseTi
istuli strategiebis gamoyenebis programaa Zaladobis prevencia
popularizacias axdens. mniSvnelo- meore etapze (bavSvTa komiteti,
vania, aRiniSnos, rom es programa 1991). qarolain qelis (1997) mixed-
ar gulisxmobs klasis marTvis viT, es programa exmareba 4-dan 6
tradiciuli meTodebis gamoyene- wlamde asakis bavSvebs prosocial-
bas, rogorebicaa, magaliTad, wese- uri unarebis ganviTarebasa da im-
bisa da procedurebis Camoyalibeba pulsuri qcevis SemcirebaSi:
da danergva. bavSvis ganviTarebis
proeqtis mixedviT, klasSi Seqm- am programis mizania bavSvebis
nili konfliqti unda aRmoifxvras unarebis gaumjobeseba, raTa
problemebis gadaWris socialuri maT sxva adamianebis grZnobeb-
unarebis gamoyenebiT, romlebic is, mosazrebebis identifika-
konstruqtivistul garemoSi ganvi- cia SeZlon da saTanadod upa-
Tarda (sxva sityvebiT, moswavleebs suxon maT. aseve, programis
SeuZliaT, Camoayalibon da gamoi- mizania, bavSvebSi impulsuri
yenon sakuTari strategiebi). da agresiuli qcevis Sesusteba.
 moswavlis pasuxismgebloba klasis marTvaze 99

am miznis misaRwevad, programa lis (1994), aseve bearis (1998) naS-

orientirebulia socialuri romebSi.
konfliqtebis aRmosafxvrelad
problemebis gadaWris meTode-
bisa da qceviTi socialuri un-
arebis praqtikul gamoyenebaze.
gabrazebis grZnobis Sesustebis
meTodebis gamoyeneba amcirebs
rekomendaciebi
brazian qcevas (gv. 27). maswavleblebs
programis komponentebSi Sedis:
rekomendacia 1 q
moTxrobebi, romlebsac diskusia
mosdevs; rolebis gaTamaSeba; sa-
gakveTilo baraTebi. am aqtivobebs daamkvidreT klasSi iseTi proce­
erTvis saSinao davalebebi, rom- durebi, romlebic aviTareben pa­
lebis SesrulebaSic aucilebelia suxismgeblobas moswavleebSi.
mSoblebis monawileoba. zogadad,
bavSvebi, pirvel etapze, TviTreg- arsebobs sxvadasxva saSualeba,
ulaciisa da socialur unarebs romelic uviTarebs moswavleebs pa-
maT Sesaxeb informaciis miRebiT suxismgeblobis grZnobas sakuTari
iazreben, xolo, meore etapze ki saqcielisa da swavlis mimarT. am
_ maTi ganxilviTa da praqtikuli saSualebaTa Sorisaa: saklaso Sex-
ganxorcielebiT. vedrebi; saubari, romelic pasux-
aseve, arsebobs sxva programe- ismgeblobaze mianiSnebs; damokide-
bi, romlebic moswavleebs pirda- bulebis werilobiTi Camoyalibeba
pir an iribad uviTareben sakuTar da werilobiTi TviTanalizi.
qcevaze pasuxismgeblobas, esenia:
me SemiZlia problemebis gadaWra u saklaso Sexvedrebi
_ programa gankuTvnilia zogad-
saganmanaTleblo skolis dawye- saklaso Sexvedrebi moswavleTaT-
biTi klasebis moswavleebisaTvis vis pasuxismgeblobis ganviTare-
(Suri, 1992a, 1992b, 1992g); ifiqre bis Zlier saSualebas warmoadgens
xmamaRla _ programa gankuTv- (gleseri, 1969, 1986, 1990). barbara
nilia zogadsaganmanaTleblo sk- maqivani, pul geTerqoali da vir-
olis dawyebiTi klasebis moswav- jinia nimo (1997) ayalibeben efeq-
leebisaTvis (qemfi da beSi, 1985a, turi saklaso Sexvedrebis saxelmZ-
1985b, 1985g); biWebis qalaqis sa­ Rvanelo principebs:
ganmanaTleblo modeli (fursti, • gansazRvreT, Tu vis SeuZlia
TeraCina, qriste, qoudi da deli, saklaso Sexvedris mowveva da
1995; dauTi, 1997); goldStainisa rodis SeiZleba misi gamarTva,
da kompaniis mravalkomponentiani droisa da adgilis SerCevis
socialuri unarebis ganviTare­ regulaciebis mixedviT;
bis programa (goldStaini, sf- • aseT Sexvedrebze maswavleblebi
rafqini, gerSou da qlaini, 1980; da moswavleebi yvela monawilis
maqginisi da goldStaini, 1984, saxes unda xedavdnen;
1990). detalur informacias, am • daamkvirdeT wesi: saklaso Sex-
da sxva programebis Sesaxeb, Segi- vedraze ar unda iqnas gamoy-
ZliaT gaecnoT Sapirosa da qou- enebuli konkretuli saxelebi.
100 klasis marTva

saklaso Sexvedra ukavSirdeba marcxena svetSi moswavleebs

sakiTxebis, da ara adamianebis unda CamoeweraT is sakiTxebi,
qmedebaTa ganxilvas; romlebic saklaso Sexvedraze
• daamkvidreT wesi: saklaso Sex- iyo ganxiluli. marjvena svetSi
vedra unda exebodes konkretul ki, marcxena svetSi Camowerili
sakiTxebs da am sakiTxebidan TiToeuli sakiTxis gaswvriv,
gadaxveva dauSvebelia; unda mieweraT is gamosavali,
• daamkvidreT wesi: moswavle­ebs romelic saklaso Sexvedraze
aqvT ufleba, ar miiRon mon­ miaRwies an, ukidures SemTx­
awileoba saklaso SexvedraSi; vevaSi, rogor ganixiles es
• waaxaliseT dRiuris tipis Canaw- sakiTxi. da bolos, moswavleebs
erebis gakeTeba saklaso Sexve- furclis qveda nawilSi unda
drebTan dakavSirebiT (gv. 31- daeweraT erTi-ori winadadeba
33). imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras fiqrobs
Tavad moswavle, konkretul
es ukanaskneli rCeva, dRiuris war- saklaso SexvedrasTan dakav­
moebasTan dakavSirebiT, daexmareba SirebiT, da / an Tu daisaxa man
maswavleblebs, xeli Seuwyon mos- konkretuli miznebi, saklaso
wavleebs sakuTari saqcielis gaaz- Sexvedraze warmarTuli dis­
rebaSi. ufro konkretulad, maswav- kusiidan gamomdinare. roca
lebels SeuZlia, mosTxovos mos- qalbatonma dilonma SeamCnia,
wavleebs dRiuris warmoeba klasisa rom moswavleebma Canawere­
da TavianTi qcevis Sesaxeb. aseve, bis gakeTebis unarebi gaium­
moswavleebs SeuZliaT, CainiSnon jobeses, TiToeuli saklaso
sakuTari azrebi da reaqciebi sxva Sexvedris win maswavlebeli
SemTxvevebSic, magaliTad, roca ad- ramdenime moswavles sTxovda,
gili aqvs disciplinis darRvevas, waekiTxaT saswavlo dRiurebSi
romelic saerTo saklaso wesrigs gakeTebuli Canawerebi. aseTma
arRvevs. qvemoT moyvanili magal- praqtikam angariSvaldebuleb­
iTi naTlad gviCvenebs, Tu rogor isa da saklaso Sexvedrebis
SeiZleba uzrunvelyos maswavle- uwyvetobis kultura Camoay­
belma moswavleebis mier dRiure- aliba.
bis warmoeba:

qalbatoni diloni moswavleebs u saubari, romelic

sTxovda, yoveli gakveTilis pasuxismgeblobaze
Semdeg gaekeTebinaT Canawere­ mianiSnebs
bi TavianT saswavlo dRiureb­
Si. maswavlebeli amCnevda, rom Cveni saubridan aSkara xdeba Cvenive
bevr moswavles uWirda Canaw­ azrebi. enaTmecnierebi Tvlian,
erebis gakeTeba. garkveuli pe­ rom gansakuTrebiT mravalferovan
riodis manZilze, sxvadasxva sityvebs viyenebT im sakiTxebze sa-
meTodis gamocdis Semdeg, mas­ saubrod, romelic CvenTvis ufro
wavlebelma moswavleebs Canaw­ mniSvnelovania. Tu gaizardeT iq,
erebis konkretuli struq­ sadac Tovli da Txilamurebi kul-
tura warmoudgina: man sTxova turis ganuyofeli nawilia, Tqveni
moswavleebs, furclis SuaSi leqsika mdidari iqneba im sityve-
vertikaluri xazi gaevloT. biT, romlebic Tovlisa da Txi-
 moswavlis pasuxismgebloba klasis marTvaze 101

lamurebis sxvadasxva nairsaxeobas klasSi problemebis ganxilvisa da

aRniSnaven (ix. lindsei da normani, gadaWrisaTvis moqalaqeobasTan,
1977; finqeri, 1994). es speciali- uflebebsa da pasuxismgeblobebTan
zebuli leqsika adamians xels uw- dakavSirebuli leqsika gamoiyeneba,
yobs, ufro efeqturad daamyaros klasi Tanamonawileobis principze
komunikacia da, amavdroulad, Txi- dafuZnebuli demokratiis navs-
lamurebiT srialis arsic kargad ayudelad iqceva~ (gv. 4). am midgomis
gaiazros. igive SeiZleba iTqvas gamoyenebisas, mniSvnelovani ter-
moswavleebSi sakuTar saqcielze minebia: uflebebi, Tavisuflebebi,
pasuxismgeblobis ganviTarebis mi- Tanasworoba, pasuxismgeblobebi,
marTac; Tu moswavleebi ar floben safrTxeebi.
saWiro leqsikas, isini ver ganixi- jerjerobiT, kvlevebiT zustad
laven pasuxismgeblobis cnebas. Se- dadgenili ar aris moswavleTa
sabamisad, barbara maqevanma, pil qcevaze gonivruli disciplinis
geTerqoalma da virjinia nimom zegavlena. Tumca sxvadasxva kvleva
warmoadgines Semdegi rekomenda- adasturebs, rom es midgoma moswav-
cia: unda daviwyoT pasuxismgeblo- leebSi aviTarebs sakuTar qcevaze
bis grZnobis ganviTareba martivi pasuxismgeblobs grZnobas (ix. bari
iuridiuli principebiT, romlebic da fereTi, 1995; maqevani, geTer-
efuZneba bils uflebaTa Sesaxeb. qoali da nimo, 1997). qvemoT moyva-
am midgomas uwodeben `gonivrul nili nawyveti aCvenebs, Tu rogor
disciplinas~ (geTerqoali, 1993). SeiZleba am midgomis gamoyeneba:
maswavlebeli, romelic am midgomas
iyenebs, moswavleebs, Tavdapirve- qalbatoni linqolnis klasSi,
lad, uflebebTan, Tavisuflebeb- ukana kedelze specialuri
sa da Tanasworobis principebTan dafa ekida, romelic sam svetad
dakavSirebul cnebebs acnobs. Sem- iyo dayofili:
deg am cnebebs klasSi ganixilaven.
maqevani, geTerqoali da nimo (1997) uflebebi
akeTeben komentars pirovnuli pasuxismgeblobebi
Tavisuflebis sakiTxebis Sesaxeb: jildoebi
`Tu maswavlebeli, skolis adminis-
traciis warmomadgeneli an skolis qalbatonma linqolnma pirve­
TanamSromeli adastureben, rom live gakveTilze uTxra moswav­
moswavle safrTxes warmoadgens leebs, rom es iyo yvelaze mniS­
skolaSi jansaRi garemosaTvis, vnelovani sami sityva. mTelma
usafrTxoebisaTvis, qonebisaTvis klasma erToblivad daiwyo
an ganaTlebis miznebis Sesrulebi- muSaoba am dafis sami svetis
saTvis, maSin saWiroa SezRudvebis Sevsebaze: uflebebis svetSi
daweseba moswavlis Tavisufleba- moswavleebs unda CamoeweraT
ze~ (gv. 4). moswavleTa uflebebi klasSi,
gonivruli disciplinis yve- pasuxismgeblobebSi _ is pa­
laze mniSvnelovani aspeqtia mo- suxismgeblobebi, romlebic
swavleebSi konstituciuri enis sa­kuTar Tavze unda aeRoT am
gan­viTareba, romelic klasSi sxva­ uflebebis sanacvlod, xolo
dasxva sakiTxis ganxilvisas unda jildoebSi _ aRiarebis is
gamoiyenebodes. maqevani, geTer- formebi, romlebic uflebaTa
qoali da nimo (1997) weren: `roca da pasuxismgeblobaTa balansis
102 klasis marTva

SemTxvevaSi iqneboda gamoyen­ grZnobis ganviTarebis midgomas,

ebuli. magaliTad, moswavleeb­ romelic `eTosis dokumentis~ Se-
ma uflebebis svetSi Camoweres muSavebas emyareba. termin eTo-
Semdegi punqtebi: sis ganmarteba Semdegia: jgufisa
Tu, mTlianad, sazogadoebisTvis
• sakuTari azrebis gamox­ damaxasiaTebeli gansakuTrebuli
atva; kulturuli maxasiaTeblebi. klasi
• saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, warmoadgens miniaturul sazoga-
klasSi gadaadgileba; doebas. eTosis dokumenti, Sesabam-
• saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, isad, Seicavs klasisaTvis damaxasi-
daxmarebis miReba. aTebel gansakuTrebul kulturul
moswavleebi SeTanxmdnen, maxasiaTeblebs. neToliqis mixed-
rom am uflebebis dacvisaTvis viT, eTosis dokumenti unda Sei-
sakuTar Tavze garkveuli pa­ cavdes Semdeg mtkicebulebebs:
suxismgeblobebi unda aeRoT: • yvela moswavles aqvs ufleba,
• azrebis gamoxatva ideebT­ rom mas pativiscemiT eqceod-
an, da ara adamianebTan dakav­ nen;
SirebiT; • yvela maswavlebels aqvs ufleba,
• klasSi gadaadgileba ise, rom mas pativiscemiT moepyron;
rom sxva ar Seawuxo; • yvelas aqvs ufleba, rom sagan-
• daxmarebis moTxovnamde, manaTleblo garemoSi Tavs dac-
damoukidebeli muSaoba da ulad grZnobdes;
mcdeloba, rom problema Ta­ • moswavleebi pativiscemiT unda
vad gadaWra. moepyron saskolo sakuTrebas.
jildoebis nawilSi ki aRi­ iseTi dokumentebi, rogoric
arebis is formebi iyo Camow­ eTosis dokumentia, unda Camoy-
erili, romlebic moswavleebs alibdes gonivrulad, moswavleebis
waaxalisebda, rom daecvaT aqtiuri monawileobiT. es SeiZle-
moyvanili uflebebi da aRniS­ ba iyos mTeli klasis pirveli er-
nuli pasuxismgeblobebi sa­ Toblivi aqtivoba axali saswavlo
kuTar Tavze aeRoT. mTeli wlis dasawyisSi. qvemoT moyvanili
wlis manZilze, saklaso Sex­ nawyveti aCvenebs, Tu rogor Sei-
vedrebis dros, moswavleebi Zleba am midgomis klasSi gamoyen-
nusxaSi damatebiT uflebebs eba:
amatebdnen da yovelTvis axs­
ovdaT, rom uflebis Camatebas qalbaton ramoss ar aviwydebo­
aucileblad unda mohyoloda da mosamarTlis sityvebi, rom­
saTanado pasuxismgeblobisa lebic televiziiT, danaSaulis
da jildos dafiqsireba. aRmofxvrasTan dakavSirebul
gadacemaSi moismina: `am ada­
u damokidebulebis mianma SeiZleba ar Seasrula
werilobiTi Camoyalibeba is, rac kanonSi sityvasityviT
ewera, magram mas kanonis zog­
sakuTari damokidebulebis Camoya- adi mowodeba ar daurRvevia~.
libebisas, vcdilobT, sizuste dav- gancxadebam qalbatoni ramosi
icvaT. sesilia neToliqi (1998) aRw- Caafiqra, radgan mixvda, rom
ers moswavleebSi pasuxismgeblobis klasSi Zalian did dros xar­
 moswavlis pasuxismgebloba klasis marTvaze 103

javda wesebis sityvasityviT u werilobiTi TviTanalizi

damuSavebaze da moswavleebs
aRar rCebodaT dro, wesebis neToliqis (1998) rekomendaciis
zogad arss Cafiqrebodnen. me­ mixedviT, eTosis dokumentis gar-
ore dilas qalbatonma ramosma da, klasSi moswavleebma unda gam-
gakveTilis dasawyisSi dafaze oiyenon qcevasTan dakavSirebuli
dawera `wesebis arsi~. am sityve­ incidentebis analizis erTiani
bis qveS ki miawera: forma. neToliqi am formas `TviT-
dacvis~ formas uwodebs; is Semdegi
am klasSi yvelas . . . elementebisagan Sedgeba:
• incidentis TariRi;
maswavlebelma moswavleebs sa­
• incidentis adgili;
televizio gadacemis Sesaxeb
• incidentSi monawileni;
uambo. `me am gadacemam im-
• moswavlis pasuxi Semdeg SekiTx-
aze damafiqra, rom Cven ufro
vebze:
Rrmad unda gavaanalizoT sak-
- rogor Sevuwye xeli am kon-
laso wesebi da is, rac am wese-
fliqts?
bis ukan dgas. me vecdebi, davi-
- rogor Seuwyes xeli am kon-
wyo es analizi~, _ Tqva maswav-
fliqts sxvebma?
lebelma da dafaze dawyebuli
- rogor unda mogvardes es
fraza gaagrZela:
sakiTxi?
. . . aqvs swavlis ufleba. - rogor unda aviciloT Tavidan
msgavsi SemTxvevebi?
`me viqnebi Semdegi~, _ Tqva san- - incidentTan dakavSirebuli sab-
dram. oloo SeTanxmeba.
TviTdacvis formis ZiriTadi
. . . aqvs unari, aRiaros Secdomebi mizania, konkretul incidentTan
da ar igrZnos Tavi uxerxulad. dakavSirebiT, moswavlis damokide-
bulebis artikulacia, moswavlis
`me ori mosazreba maqvs~, _ Tqva mier sakuTari pasuxismgeblobis
klarisam. identifikacia. SekiTxvebi imasTan
dakavSirebiT, Tu ra wvlili Seita-
. . .unda SeeZlos ise moeqces sxvebs, na moswavlem am incidentSi, rogor
rogorc mas unda, rom moeqcnen. unda aviciloT Tavidan aseTi in-
cidentebi da ra SeTanxmeba iqna
. . .aqvs ufleba, miiRon iseTi, miRweuli, gansakuTrebiT kargad
rogoric is aris. aviTareben moswavlis pasuxismge-
blobas. qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti
rodesac es aqtivoba dasrul- cxadhyofs, Tu rogor SeiZleba am
da, qalbatoni ramosi nasiam- midgomis klasSi gamoyeneba:
ovnebi darCa procesiTac da
SedegiTac (nusxa). am dRidan qemfbelis sabazo skolis mas­
moyolebuli, roca wesebze wavleblebma gaiges, rom arse­
Camovardeboda xolme saubari, bobda disciplinuri midgoma,
qalbatoni ramosi yovelTvis romelic moswavleTa mier in­
axsenebda moswavleebs wesebis cidentebTan dakavSirebuli
arsis nusxas. damokidebulebis Sesaxeb Canaw­
104 klasis marTva

erebis gakeTebas gulisxmobda; zepiri pasuxebis gacemis Ses­

es iyo analizis, Tavdacvisa da aZlebloba misces. es pasux­
sakuTari rolis gamovlenis ebi audiokasetaze Caiweres. am
SesaZlebloba. maswavleblebma nabijiT maswavleblebs sur­
am midgomis skolaSi danergva daT, gaegebinebinaT moswav­
gadawyvites da moamzades wina­ leebisaTvis, rom TviTanalizi
dadebebis CarCoebi, romlebic ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre
moswavleebs sakuTari saqcie­ sworad wera. aseTi xerxebiT
lis analizis dros SeeZloT maswavleblebma moaxerxes is,
gamoeyenebinaT: rom yvela moswavle axdenda
aanalizebda sakuTar qcevas da
me mgoni, xeli Sevuwye am inci­ pasuxismgeblobasac iRebda am
dents, rodesac _________. qcevaze.
me mgoni,_________ Seuwyo
xe­li incidents, rodesac
man_________.
rekomendacia 2 q
me mgoni, incidenti ar moxde­
boda, me rom _________. gaacaniT moswavleebs TviTmoni­
toringisa da kontrolis strat­
me mgoni, incidenti ar moxdebo­ egiebi.
da _________ rom ar gaekeTe­
binaT. rogorc diagrama 6.1-ze Cans, Cve-
ni metaanalizi koncentrirebulia
roca imaze vfiqrob, rac moxda, TviTmonitoringisa da kontrolis
msurs, rom _________. strategiebsa da kognitur strat-
egiebze. sanam am ori strategiis
Tu kidev aRmovCndebi analogi­ detalur ganxilvaze gadavalT,
ur situaciaSi, me _________. SegaxsenebT brofis (1996) gafrTx-
ilebas, rom es strategiebi scil-
Cemi azriT, am incidentiT ga­ deba Cveulebriv saklaso saqmi-
mowveuli problemidan sau­ke­­Te­ anobas da maswavleblis mxridan
so gamosavalia, Tu _________. Zalebis seriozul mobilizacias
moiTxovs. amavdroulad, es aris
Tavdapirvelad, maswavleble­ meTodebi, romlebic moswavleebs
bi TiTqos kmayofilebi iyvnen. cxovrebiseulad saWiro unarebs
magram, mogvianebiT, erTad ganuviTarebs. daviwyoT TviTmoni-
aRmoaCines, rom moswavleebs toringisa da kontrolis strat-
uWirdaT am CarCo-winadade­ egiebidan.
bebis Sevseba, radgan an enis TviTmonitoringisa da kon-
problemebi hqondaT, an, zoga­ trolis strategiebi moswavlisa-
dad, werilobiTi komunikaciis. gan moiTxovs sakuTar qcevaze
maswavleblebi darwmunebulni dakvirvebas, dakvirvebebis CaniSv-
iyvnen TviTanalizis efeqtur­ nas, Canawerebis Sedarebas winaswar
obaSi da amitom gadawyvites, Camoyalibebul kriteriumebTan da
moswavleebs am unarebis gaum­ warmatebis aRiarebas, Tu kriteri-
jobesebaSi daxmarebodnen. umebis miRwevas SeZleben. cxadia,
daiwyes imiT, rom moswavleebs rom am strategiis mTel klasTan
 moswavlis pasuxismgebloba klasis marTvaze 105

gamoyeneba SeuZlebelia da arc • moswavlis reaqcia maswavleb-

aris aucilebeli. es strategia lis qmedebaze;
im moswavleebzea gaTvlili, rom- • incidentis zegavlena klasze,
lebic klasis marTvis Cveulebriv maswavlebelsa da Tavad moswav-
meTodebs ar emorCilebian. leze.
rogor unda moaxdinos maswav-
maswavlebeli unda ecados, kar-
lebelma im moswavleTa identi-
gad gaagebinos moswavles, mis mSo-
fikacia, romlebzec TviTmonitor-
belsa Tu meurves, rom maswavleb-
ingisa da kontrolis meTodi unda
lis mizani ar aris moswavlis dasja.
gamoiyenos? es Zalian martivia. am
piriqiT, maswavlebels amoZravebs
meTods maswavlebeli im moswav-
survili, daexmaros moswavles da
leebTan muSaobisas iyenebs, rom-
Seuwyos xeli im strategiis gaaz-
lebzec sxva meTodebma, ubralod,
rebaSi, romelic momavalSi moswav-
Sedegi ar gamoiRo. moswavleebis
les sxvadasxva problemur situa-
daTanxmeba, rom maT am strategiis
ciaSi aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi gamo-
farglebSi maswavlebelTan unda
adgeba. am strategiis farglebSi
iTanamSromlon, SeiZleba arc Tu
moswavlesTan urTierToba Zalian
ise advili iyos. aseT Tanxmobas
didi sifrTxiliT unda daigegmos.
moswavlesTan da, idealur SemTx-
qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti gviCve-
vevaSi, mis mSoblebTan erTi an ori
nebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba am midg-
Sexvedra sWirdeba xolme. pirveli
omis klasSi gamoyeneba:
sakiTxi, romelic am Sexvedraze
unda ganixilebodes, aris is, rom jeisons verafers gaugebdiT.
moswavlis qceva problemuria ara batonma henqoqma ara erTi me­
mxolod maswavleblisTvis, aramed Todi gamoiyena, raTa jeisons
mTeli klasisaTvis. saboloo jamSi gakveTilis CaSlis survili
ki, aseTi qceva, ra Tqma unda, Ta- aRar gasCenoda da davalebebi
vad moswavles uqmnis problemebs. Seesrulebina. baton henqoqs
Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom am Sex- aocebda is faqti, rom jeisoni
vedraze maswavlebelma moswavlis fexburTis gundis lideri iyo
qcevis dasabuTeba da sxvebze am da axlaxan kapitnadac airCies.
qcevis uaryofiTi zegavlenis Cven- ufro metic, maswavlebelma
eba SeZlos. Sesabamisad, pirvel Sex- isic icoda, rom jeisoni Zalian
vedramde maswavlebels garkveuli niWieri iyo da maRal niSnebs
drois daxarjva mouwevs (SesaZloa, iRebda, roca davalebas as­
erTi an ori kviris), raTa CainiSnos rulebda. is faqti, rom jeisoni
moswavlis qcevasTan dakavSireb- bevr davalebas ar asrulebda,
uli problemebis sxvadasxva konk- mis akademiur moswrebaze se­
retuli SemTxveva. maswavlebelma riozul uaryofiT zegavlenas
SeiZleba Tavi mouyaros Semdeg in- axdenda. swored ase daaxasiaTa
formacias: batonma henqoqma jeisoni im Sex­
• incidentis dRe da zusti dro; vedraze, romelic man jeisonis
• ra konteqstSi moxda inciden- mSoblebTan, fsiqologiur kon­
ti; sultantTan da Tavad moswav­
• moswavlis qceva incidentis lesTan gamarTa. baton henqoqs
dros; Tan hqonda baraTebis ori wyeba.
• maswavleblis qmedeba; pirvel wyebaSi Sesul baraTe­
106 klasis marTva

bze ewera im misabaZi saqcielis monitoringi SeiZleba yovel 10 –

magaliTebi, romelic jeisonma 15 wuTSi ganxorcieldes, imis gaT-
sxvadasxva dros gamoavlina, valiswinebiT, rom maswavleblebi
xolo meore wyebaSi Sesul ba­ moswavleebTan, rogorc wesi, Ziri-
raTebze _ disciplinis darRve­ Tadad, erT gakveTils atareben.
visa da aRmosafxvreli qcevis Canawerebis gakeTebis intervalis
konkretuli magaliTebi. `me identifikaciamde, aucilebelia,
msurs, mivaRwio imas, rom jeiso­ daadgines is konkretuli qceva,
nis daxasiaTebaSi aRar figuri­ romlis aRmofxvrasac/Secvlasac
rebdes negatiuri masala, rom Seecdeba moswavle. magaliTad, erT-
baraTebis meore wyeba gaqres. erTi moswavlisaTvis aseTi qceva
ras fiqrob, jeison? gsurs, er­ SeiZleba iyos sxvebTan saubari da
Tad vimuSaoT am miznis misaR­ maTi yuradRebis mipyroba. kar-
wevad?~ Tavidan jeisoni yoy­ gia, Tu maswavlebeli SeimuSavebs
manobda, magram male daeTanxma specialur signalebs, riTac Se-
maswavlebels. axsenebs moswavleebs Canawerebis
gakeTebis aucileblobaze. magali-
mas Semdeg, rac moswavle aRi- Tad, maswavleblis mier sakuTari
arebs TviTmonitoringisa da kon- magidis konkretul nawilze xelis
trolis strategiis mniSvnelobas, dakakuneba SeiZleba aseT signals
aseve, maswavleblis, rogorc mi- warmoadgendes. Canawerebis gakeTe-
marTulebis mimcemis rols, maswav- bis dros moswavleebi avseben mar-
lebels ukve SeuZlia, detalurad tiv formas, romlis magaliTic
gaacnos moswavles strategia. ar- diagrama 6.2-zea mocemuli. daak-
sebobs TviTmonitoringisa da kon- virdiT, rom pirvel safexurze mo-
trolis strategiis sxvadasxva va- swavlis saqcieli gaucnobierebe-
riacia, Tumca yvela maTgani msgavs lia; skalis Semdegi safexuria mo-
paradigmas efuZneba. qvemoT war- swavlis gacnobierebuli araswori
mogidgenT TviTmonitoringisa da qceva; amas mosdevs sakuTari Tavis
kontrolis strategiis oTx zogad moTokvis mcdeloba; da bolos, mo-
fazas (variaciebze informaciis mis- swavle wyvets araswor saqciels.
aRebad gaecaniT Semdeg naSromebs: maswavlebelma SeiZleba moswav-
roudi, morgani da iungi, 1983; smi- lesTan erTad daisaxos amocana,
Ti, iungi, uesTi, morgani da roudi, romelic Canawerebis gakeTebis am
1988; Sapiro da qouli, 1994). formaze romelime safexuris miR-
faza I: Canawerebis gakeTeba da wevas gulisxmobs. es procesi Sei-
jildoebi. am fazaSi moswavleebi Zleba Semowmdes yovelkvireulad
periodulad axorcieleben sa- (an naklebad xSirad). magaliTad,
kuTari qcevis monitorings Canaw- moswavlisaTvis pirveli kviris
erebis gakeTebis formiT. zogad- amocana SeiZleba iyos ufro meti
saganmanaTleblo skolis dawye- 2-4 safexuris Sefasebebis qona, vi-
biTi safexuris klasSi es SeiZleba dre 1 safexuris. Tu moswavle am
moxdes yovel 30 _ 45 wuTSi, im amocanas miaRwevs, misi Zalisxmeva
SemTxvevaSi, Tu maswavlebeli mo- aucileblad unda daafasos maswav-
swavleebTan mTeli dRis an dRis lebelma. idealur SemTxvevaSi, aRi-
didi nawilis ganmavlobaSi imyofe- arebis forma moswavlesTan winas-
ba. zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis waraa SeTanxmebuli. amocana yovel
sabazo da saSualo safexurebze kviras unda garTuldes. magali-
 moswavlis pasuxismgebloba klasis marTvaze 107

diagrama 6.2
moswavlis angariSis forma
pirvelad 1. ise 2. me vifiqre, 3. me vifiqre da ufro 4. me es ar
gavakeTe, magram mainc naklebad davarRvie gamikeTebia
rom arc gavakeTe disciplina, vidre
mifiqria daufiqrebeli qmedebis
SemTxvevaSi
meored 1. ise 2. me vifiqre, 3. me vifiqre da ufro 4. me es ar
gavakeTe, magram mainc naklebad davarRvie gamikeTebia
rom arc gavakeTe disciplina, vidre
mifiqria daufiqrebeli qmedebis
SemTxvevaSi
mesamed 1. ise 2. me vifiqre, 3. me vifiqre da ufro 4. me es ar
gavakeTe, magram mainc naklebad davarRvie gamikeTebia
rom arc gavakeTe disciplina, vidre
mifiqria daufiqrebeli qmedebis
SemTxvevaSi
meoTxed 1. ise 2. me vifiqre, 3. me vifiqre da ufro 4. me es ar
gavakeTe, magram mainc naklebad davarRvie gamikeTebia
rom arc gavakeTe disciplina, vidre
mifiqria daufiqrebeli qmedebis
SemTxvevaSi
mexuTed 1. ise 2. me vifiqre, 3. me vifiqre da ufro 4. me es ar
gavakeTe, magram mainc naklebad davarRvie gamikeTebia
rom arc gavakeTe disciplina, vidre
mifiqria daufiqrebeli qmedebis
SemTxvevaSi

Tad, meore kviris amocana ase Sei- bolos an sagakveTilo drois dasas-
Zleba Camoyalibdes: ufro meti 3-4 ruls, moswavles SeuZlia werilo-
safexuris Sefasebebis qona, vidre biT Seafasos, Tu rogor Seesabam-
1-2 safexurebis. am SemTxvevaSic, eboda misi qceva miznad dasaxul
moswavlis mier amocanis Sesruleba amocanas. maswavlebelsac SeuZlia
aRiarebul unda iqnas. maswavle- msgavsi tipis Sefaseba, moswavlis
blisa da moswavlis aseTi SeTanx- saqcielTan dakavSirebiT, TavisTvis
mebuli moqmedeba grZeldeba manam, CainiSnos. werilobiTi Canawerebi
sanam moswavlis saqcieli maswav- TandaTan SeiZleba sityvier Sefase-
leblisa da, idealur SemTxvevaSi, bad iqces. maswavlebeli da moswav-
Tavad moswavlisaTvis ar gaxdeba le SeiZleba yoveli kviris bolos
damakmayofilebeli. Sexvdnen. Tu orive Tanxmdeba, rom
faza II: monitoringi formaluri moswavle kargad iqceoda, maSin mos-
Canawerebis gakeTebis gareSe: si- wavle aRiarebas / jildos miiRebs.
tyvieri Sefaseba. am fazaSi for- faza III: mxolod araformaluri
maluri Canawerebis gakeTeba ara- Canawerebis gakeTeba. aranairi jil-
formaluri meTodiT icvleba. doebi. am fazaSi moswavle agrZelebs
dasawyisSi es faza werilobiTia. araformaluri Canawerebis war-
magaliTad, TiToeuli gakveTilis moebas. maswavlebeli da moswavle
108 klasis marTva

yovelkvireul Sexvedrebs marTaven aavlebda xolme mis Canawerebs

da ganixilaven moswavlis qcevas da aqa- iq SeniSvnebs akeTebda,
kviris manZilze. aRiarebisa da jil- magaliTad, ase: `imedia, xval
doebis molodini aRar arsebobs, im ukeT moiqcevi~ an `gilocav~.
SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu maswavlebeli yovel or dReSi erTxel,
da moswavle Tanxmdebian, rom mos- batoni henqoqi jeisonis mSob­
wavlis saqcieli samagaliTo iyo. lebs urekavda da informacias
faza IV: moswavlis avtonomiuro- awvdida maTi Svilis qcevis Ses­
ba. am fazaSi moswavle avtonomi- axeb. roca jeisoni qcevasTan
urobas aRwevs. is aRar xvdeba maswav- dakavSirebul konkretul amo­
lebels sakuTari qcevis gansaxilve- canas kargad gaarTmevda Tavs,
lad an aRiarebis / jildos misaRe- misi mSoblebi wamaxalisebel
bad. miuxedavad amisa, maswavlebels jildos ukeTebdnen (magali­
SeuZlia, drodadro daelaparakos Tad, televizoris yurebis
moswavles misi qcevis Sesaxeb. ufleba, megobrebTan komunika­
qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti cia kompiuteris gamoyenebiT da
gviCvenebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba a.S.). formaluri Canawerebidan
TviTmonitoringisa da kontrolis jeisoni nel-nela sityvieri
am strategiis gamoyeneba: angariSgebis formaze gadavi­
da. yoveli gakveTilis bolos
roca batoni henqoqi jeisons baton henqoqTan rCeboda da
ekiTxeboda, Tu ratom Slida masTan erTad sakuTar qcevas
gakveTils Tavisi xumrobebi­ ganixilavda. batonma henqoqmac
Ta da komentarebiT, moswavle naklebad intensiuri gaxada
ase pasuxobda: `ar vici. albaT jeisonis mSoblebTan satele­
ar vufiqrdebodi, roca amas fono komunikacia. sagulisxmo
vakeTebdi~. batonma henqoqma da logikuria, rom jeisonis
auxsna jeisons, rom maT erTad mier disciplinis darRvevis
unda daewyoT TviTmonitor­ SemTxvevebis SemcirebasTan er­
ingisa da kontrolis oTxfa­ Tad, misi akademiuri moswrebac
ziani procesis danergva, rac gaumjobesda.
jeisons am sakiTxis gaanali­
zebaSi daexmareboda. maswav­
lebelma da moswavlem daiwyes
yuradRebis gamaxvileba jei­
rekomendacia 3 q
sonis mier disciplinis dar­
Rvevis SemTxvevebze. jeisons gaacaniT moswavleebs kognituri
unda etarebina patara blokno­ strategiebi.
ti, imdenad patara, rom jibeSi
Cateuliyo. am bloknotis dax­ TviTmonitoringisa da kontrolis
marebiT, jeisoni SeZlebda strategiebTan erTad, SemuSavda
Tavisi qcevis gakontrolebas. konkretuli kognituri strategie-
gakveTilze, roca Canawerebis bi (ix. qemfi da beSi, 1985a, 1985b,
gakeTebis dro modioda, bato­ 1985g; goldStaini da sxvebi, 1980;
ni henqoqi mudmivad axsenebda goldStaini da fenci, 1984; Sa-
xolme jeisons... yovel dRe, piro da qouli, 1994). es strate-
sanam jeisoni klass datoveb­ giebi or farTo kategoriad iyofa:
da, batoni henqoqi Tvals gad­ treningi socialur unarebSi da
 moswavlis pasuxismgebloba klasis marTvaze 109

problemebis gadaWra. socialur aRelvebul mdgomareobaSi qmedeba

unarebSi treningi xels uwyobs mo- mxolod emociur reaqcias war-
swavleebs im unarebis gamomuSave- moadgens, rac xSirad uaryofiTi
baSi, romelic maT exmareba, Tavi xasiaTis matarebelia.
gaarTvan sxvadasxva socialur nabiji 2: hkiTxe sakuTar Tavs:
situacias. es strategiebi gansa- ra reagireba SeiZleba movaxdino am
kuTrebiT sasargebloa im moswav- situaciaze? ra variantebi arse-
leebisaTvis, romelTa arasaTana- bobs? es nabiji daexmareba moswav-
dod ganviTarebuli socialuri un- les, emociuri reaqciis nacvlad,
arebic seriozul problemebs qmnis gacnobierebuli gadawyvetilebis
klasSi. magaliTad, Tu moswavles safuZvelze imoqmedos. roca mos-
ar SeuZlia urTierTobebis awyoba wavle ufiqrdeba Seqmnil situacias
sxva adamianebTan, maT Soris, mis da reagirebis SesaZlo variantebs
TanatolebTan, es areulobas qmnis ganixilavs, is ukeT afasebs viTare-
klasSi. es ar aris ganpirobebuli bas. es SeiZleba iyos socialuri
moswavlis mier disciplinis gan- situacia (moswavles uTanxmoeba
zrax Tu uneblie darRveviT, mas, aqvs TanatolTan da es aRizianebs)
ubralod, ar SeuZlia sxvanairad an zogadi problema (moswavles
moqmedeba, radgan TanatolebTan uWirs maswavleblis yuradRebis
misi urTierToba imedgacruebazea mipyroba da imedgacrueba eufle-
agebuli. moswavleTa es kategoria ba).
me-4 TavSi socialuri problemebis nabiji 3: dafiqrdi, ra SeiZleba
mqoned movixsenieT. problemis gad- mohyves reagirebis TiToeuli vari-
aWris strategiebi ufro zogadia antis SerCevas. mis qcevaze mosal-
da adamianTa mxolod socialur odneli reaqciis codna moswavles
urTierTobebs ar exeba. miuxedavad aiZulebs, ufro racionalurad
imisa, rom kognituri strategiebis imoqmedos. SesaZloa, ifiqroT,
es ori tipi, metnaklebad, sxvadasx- rom yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi mos-
va sakiTxs exeba, mainc erTsa da im- wavles ara aqvs dro, kargad gaiaz-
ave process gulisxmobs, romelic ros, ra mohyveba mis qcevas. Tumca,
Semdegi nabijebisagan Sedgeba: gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom adami-
anis gonebis bunebrivi maxasiaTe-
nabiji 1: daafiqsire, rom brazde- blebidan gamomdinare, Sedegebis
bi, wuxdebi, imedgacrueba geufleba, awon-dawonva SeiZleba gacilebiT
emociebs ver erevi. Zalian xSirad swrafi procesi iyos (ix. ander-
Cvenive emociebi gvkarnaxoben, rom soni, 1983, 1995). zogjer qcevasTan
problema gviaxlovdeba. es SeiZle- dakavSirebuli reaqciis Sesaxeb
ba moxdes manam, sanam amas gavacno- mxo­lod gafiqrebac ki sakmarisia
bierebT. Sesabamisad, mniSvnelova- moswavlisaTvis, rom Tavi Seikavos
nia, moswavleebs SeeZloT sakuTari am qcevisagan.
emociuri mdgomareobis Sefaseba. nabiji 4: is varianti SearCie,
es aris kognituri strategiebis romelic yvelaze dadebiTi Sedege-
pirveli nabiji. rogorc ki mos- bis momtani iqneba SenTvis da sxve-
wavleebi Seicnoben, rom aRelveba bisTvis. alternativebis gaTval-
euflebaT, maT unda Sewyviton moq- iswinebiT, moswavleebi arCeven qce-
medeba. am mowodebis arsi mdgomare- vis im variants, romelic SeiZleba
obs SemdegSi: aRelvebuli adamiani maTTvis da sxva moswavleebisaT-
ver akontrolebs sakuTar qmedebas. visac saukeTeso Sedegebis momtani
110 klasis marTva

iyos. am nabijis logika mdgomare- mividnen, romelzec moswavle im-

obs SemdegSi: adamiani, dafiqrebis uSavebs. kognituri strategiisaT-
SemTxvevaSi, rogorc wesi, irCevs vis mniSvnelovania zemoT warmod-
im qmedebas, romelic misTvisac da genili azrovnebis tipis modeli-
sxvebisTvisac ukeTesia. reba. maswavlebels SeuZlia `xmama-
Rla ifiqros~, roca moswavles am
es kognituri strategia Sei- process uxsnis. magaliTad, maswav-
Zleba daexmaros moswavleebs maTi lebeli aRwers situacias sakuTari
qcevis Secvlasa da imis gaazrebaSi, cxovrebidan, romelTan dakav-
Tu ratom aqvT konkretuli saxis SirebiTac SesaZlebeli iqneboda
reaqcia sxvadasxva situaciaSi. ze- am strategiis gamoyeneba. Semdeg
moT aRwerili oTxi nabiji farTod maswavlebeli gaivlis TiToeul
SeiZleba gamoiyenebodes. ufro nab­ijs da xmamaRla warmoadgens
mcire asakis moswavleebSi, es pro- Tavisi azrebis svlas. aseve, mas-
cesSi Semdegnairad SeiZleba wari- wavlebels SeuZlia, gaixsenos is
marTos: situacia, roca moswavlisaTvis
1. roca fiqrob, rom raRac sazia- sasargeblo iqneboda am strategiis
nos gakeTebas apireb, SeCerdi da gamoyeneba. aseT SemTxvevaSi, mas-
dafiqrdi; wavlebeli sTxovs moswavles, xma-
2. kidev risi gakeTeba SegiZlia? maRla iazrovnos da aRweros yvela
3. ra moxdeba, Tu amas gaakeTeb? nabiji. maswavlebelma da moswavlem
4. SearCie saukeTeso varianti. SeiZleba erTad imsjelon qcevis im
SesaZlo variantebze, romelic mo-
am kognituri strategiis gan- swavles SeeZlo gaeTvaliswinebina
saxorcieleblad, maswavlebeli da, aseve, TiToeul variantTan
unda Sexvdes moswavles da mis mSo- dakavSirebul Sedegebze. roca mo-
bels / meurves. maswavlebelma maT swavleebi garkveul praqtikas gaiv-
unda auxsnas, rom am strategias lian, ukve SeZleben am strategiis
moswavlis daxmarebis mizniT iyen- klasSi gamoyenebas.
ebs. diskusiis Sedegad, es mxareebi sasargeblo iqneboda, maswavle-
SeiZleba qcevis im CamonaTvalTan blis mier moswavlesTan winaswar

diagrama 6.3
moswavlis baneri

ra unda vqna Tu ase

gabrazebuli axla? moviqcevi... me saukeTeso
var SemiZlia/ magram Tu ase arCevani
ar SemiZlia moviqcevi... gavakeTe!
 moswavlis pasuxismgebloba klasis marTvaze 111

SeTanxmebuli simbolikis gamoy- moswavleebTan esaubraT oTxi

eneba, rac moswavles imaze mian- nabijis Sesaxeb.
iSnebda, rom kognituri strate- erT-erTi yvelaze sain-
giis gamoyenebis droa. magaliTad, tereso da warmatebuli SemTx-
rodesac moswavle xSirad brazdeba veva qeilins ukavSirdeba. qeil-
Tavis Tanatolebze, maswavlebeli inma SeimuSava meTodi, romel-
SeiZleba SeuTanxmdes mas, rom mo- ic wignis saniSnis efeqtur
swavlis saxelis xseneba mimaniSne- gamoyenebaSi daexmara. roca
beli iqneba kognituri strategiis qalbatoni overbei amCnevda,
gamoyenebis aucileblobaze. anu, rom qeilini brazdeboda, mas-
rogorc ki moswavle sakuTar saxels wavlebeli aniSnebda mas, rom
gaigonebs, mas ecodineba, rom droa, saniSne gamoeyenebina. qeilini
gamoiyenos kognituri strategia. maSinve moZebnida xolme sani-
drodadro maswavlebeli Sexvdeba Snes, dadebda merxze da TiTs
moswavles, raTa ganixilos, Tu ram- pirveli nabijis aRmniSvnel su-
denad kargad muSaobs es strategia. raTs daadebda. Semdeg Tvalebs
qvemoT moyvanili magaliTi Tvalsa- xuWavda da iwyebda fiqrs. Sem-
Cinod gviCvenebs maswavleblis mier deg gadadioda meore suraTze.
kognituri strategiis gamoyenebis sanam yvela nabijs Cahyveboda,
erT SemTxvevas: qeilini wynardeboda da qcevis
swor gzasac irCevda. qalbato-
qalbatonma overbeim warmoadg- ni overbei yovelTvis aRiareb-
ina `gonivruli qcevis~ proce- da qeilinis warmatebas.
si, romelic oTxi nabijisagan
Sedgeba. ilustrirebis mizniT,
man gamoiyena suraTebi. qalba- Sejameba
tonma overbeim Seqmna baneri
(diagrama 6.3) da klasSi, dafis miuxedavad imisa, rom klasis mar-
Tavze gaakra. didi baneris gar- TvaSi wamyvani roli maswavlebels
da, qalbatonma overbeim patara, ekisreba, moswavleebsac sakuTari
wignis saniSnis zomis banerebic pasuxismgeblobebi aqvT. moswav-
moamzada. moswavleebTan indi- leebSi pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis
vidualuri muSaobis dros, is ganviTareba maswavleblis mxri-
arigebda saniSneebs da axsen- dan gansakuTrebul Zalisxmevasa
ebda moswavleebs `gonivruli da mondomebas moiTxovs. arsebobs
qcevis~ procesze, romelic sasargeblo strategiebi maswav-
oTxi nabijisagan Sedgeba. mas- leblebisaTvis, romlebsac surT,
wavlebeli mouwodebda disci- daexmaron moswavleebs da klasis
plinis xSirad damrRvevi mo- marTvaSi TavianTi wvlili Seatani-
swavleebis mSoblebs, saxlSi non.
7
...
k l a s is e fe q tu ri m arT va:
p ir ve l i d R e e b i

klasis marTva pirveli dRidanve mianiSnebs, rom efeqturi marTvi-

warmatebuli ver iqneba. yovel wels saTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania, Tu
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis daw- rogor iwyeba axali saswavlo weli.
yebiTi klasebis maswavlebeli, daax- mosqovicma da heimanma (1976) Seis-
loebiT, 30 axal moswavles ecnoba, wavles zogadsaganmanaTleblo sko-
romelTa cxovrebaSic maswavle- lis saSualo safexuris 14 efeqturi
beli axali pirovnebaa. zogadsagan- maswavlebeli da Seadares maTi qceva
manaTleblo skolis sabazo klasebis analogiuri klasebis 13 axalgaz-
maswavleblebi yovel wels 5 _ 6 an rda maswavlebels. kvlevis Sedegad,
met axal klass xvdebian. moswavlee- dadginda, rom axalgazrda maswavle-
bi iseTive siaxles warmoadgenen mas- blebi Zalian mcire dros uTmobdnen
wavleblebisaTvis, rogorc maswav- klasis marTvis rutinul sakiTxebs,
leblebi moswavleebisaTvis. es aris maSin roca gamocdili maswavleblebi
sruliad ucnobi adamianebis Sexve- pirvel ramdenime gakveTilze srul
dra. yovel aseT axal Sexvedras kla- koncentracias axdendnen marTvis
sis marTvis sistemis Tavidan Camoya- sxvadasxva sakiTxze; ufro metic,
libeba ukavSirdeba. rogor unda Ca- gamocdili maswavleblebi amas Zalian
vuyaroT safuZveli klasis efeqtur mowesrigebulad da sistematizebu-
marTvas pirvelive dRidan? lad akeTebdnen: moswavleebs naTlad
uxsnidnen wesebsa da procedurebs,
kvlevebi da Teoria avarjiSebdnen maT praqtikul dan-
ergvaze, ayalibebdnen da nergavdnen
klasis marTvis Temaze Catare- disciplinis darRvevaze reagirebis
buli TiTqmis yvela kvleva imaze formebs.

112
 klasis efeqturi marTva: pirveli dReebi 113

mkvlevarebi analogiur daskvne- filiyo:

bamde mividnen zogadsaganmanaTle-
• moswavleebisaTvis gasagebi;
blo skolis dawyebiTi safexuris
• moswavleebisaTvis misaRebi;
maswavlebelTa Seswavlis Sedegad.
• praqtikulad ise damuSavebuli,
aizenharTma (1977) gamoikvlia daw-
rom moswavleTaTvis yoveldRi-
yebiTi klasebis 14 maswavlebeli,
ur aqtivobebad qceuliyo.
romelic efeqtur menejerebad
iTvlebian da daadgina, rom mas- kvlevebiTac rom ar iyos dada-
wavleblebi saswavlo wlis pirvel sturebuli, albaT mainc advilad
gakveTilebs klasis fizikur mow- misaxvedri iqneboda, rom axali
yobas, rutinuli aqtivobebis saswavlo periodis dasawyisSi kla-
dagegmvas, aRiarebisa da jildoebis sis marTvis sakiTxebisaTvis drois
sistemis Camoyalibebas uTmobdnen. daTmoba bevr momaval problemas
baqlei da kuperi (1978) askvnian, agvacilebda Tavidan. zogadsagan-
rom efeqturad marTul klasSi manaTleblo skolis sabazo safex-
maswavleblebs gakveTilebis dawye- uris Sesaxeb emeri, everTsoni da
bidan meeqvse dRes ukve dadgenili uorSami (2003) aRniSnaven: `mecadin-
aqvT marTvasTan dakavSirebuli eobebis dawyebis pirveli ramdenime
rutinuli wesebi da RonisZiebebi. kvira gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelo-
yvelaze mniSvnelovani oTxi vania klasis marTvisaTvis, radgan
kvleva, romelic saswavlo wlis swored am dros swavloben Tqveni
dawyebas exeba, maswavlebelTa moswavleebi qcevebsa da proce-
ganaTlebis kvlevisa da ganviTare- durebs, romlebic mTeli wlis man-
bis centrSi Caatares. es centri Zilze dasWirdebaT~ (gv. 58).
texasis universitetSi, ostinSi
mdebareobs. es kvlevebi mokled
mimovixileT pirvel TavSi. am oTxi programebi
kvlevidan ori zogadsaganmanaTle-
blo skolis dawyebiT safexurs da klasis marTvasTan dakavSirebuli
danarCeni ori _ saSualo safexurs programebis didi nawili yura-
exeba (ix. emeri, everTsoni da ander- dRebas saswavlo wlis dawyebis
soni, 1980; andersoni, everTsoni mniSvnelovnebaze amaxvilebs. kla-
da emeri, 1980; everTsoni da emeri, sis organizaciisa da marTvis pro-
1982; senfordi da everTsoni, 1981; grama (SemoklebiT, kompi) am sakiTxs
emeri, senfordi, qlemenTsi da mar- Zalian cxadad da efeqturad ganix-
Tini, 1982; emeri, senfordi, everT- ilavs (ix. everTsoni, 1995). kompi
soni, qlemenTsi da martini, 1981; kargad aris aRwerili meore TavSi.
everTsoni, emeri, senfordi da programa exeba klasis marTvis Svid
qlemenTsi, 1983). kvle­vebis farg- konkretul elements, romelic Sem-
lebSi, maswavleblebs mecadineobe- deg modulebSia Tavmoyrili:
bis dawyebis pirvel dRes da Semdeg 1. klasis organizacia;
_ regularuli intervalebiT, erT- 2. wesebisa da procedurebis dageg-
or TveSi akvirdebodnen. kvlevebma mva da swavleba;
daadastura, rom ufro efeqturi 3. moswavleTa angariSvaldebuleb-
maswavleblebi ara mxolod winaswar is daweseba;
gegmavdnen klasis marTvis sakiTx- 4. moswavleTa saTanado qcevis uz-
ebs, aramed did dros xarjavdnen, runvelyofa;
rom klasis marTvis aqtivobebi yo- 5. swavlebis procesis dagegmva da
114 klasis marTva

organizacia; moswavleebi sagakveTilo

6. swavlebis procesis warmarTva procesis dros sxvadasxva aq­
da Zalisxmevis SenarCuneba; tivobaSi monawileoben da sak­
7. swavlebis axali etapis saTana- laso oTaxis sxvadasxva nawils
dod dawyeba. iyeneben; moswavleebs sxvadasx­
meSvide moduli ukavSird- va gakveTilze saklaso oTax­
eba sagakveTilo procesis pirvel ebis Secvla uwevT. Sesabamisad,
dReebs, roca moswavleeebs klasis unda SeeZloT saklaso oTaxis
marTvis sistema unda gaacnoT. es swrafad datoveba da sxva oTax­
procesi moswavleTa CarTulobiT Si droulad Sesvla. ukeTes
unda warimarTos. es moduli konk- Sedegebs miaRwevT, Tu oTaxSi
retul rCevebs gvawvdis klasis avejs ise ganalagebT, rom mos­
mowyobaze, mowyobilobebsa da ma- wavleebs organizebulad gad­
salebze, mcire da did jgufebSi aadgileba, sxvebisaTvis xelis
diskusiis warmarTvis optimalur naklebad SeSla da arsebuli
wesebze. am sakiTxebze aucileblad sivrcis efeqturi gamoyeneba
unda warimarTos msjeloba saswav- SeeZloT (gv. 2)
lo wlisa Tu semestris dasawyisSi.
emeri, everTsoni da uorSami
(2003), klasis marTvasTan dakav-
SirebiT, ramdenime zogad rCevas
iZlevian. maTi rCevebi Cvens mosaz-
rebebTan davakavSireT da Sevadgi-
rekomendaciebi neT qvemoT moyvanili nusxa. maswav-
maswavleblebs lebelma ise unda moawyos saklaso
oTaxi, raTa is akmayofilebdes Sem-
deg pirobebs:
rekomendacia 1 q
• maswavlebels advilad SeuZlia
yvela moswavlis danaxva;
ise moawyveT (avejis ganlageba da
• moswavleebs SeuZliaT, advilad
gaformeba) saklaso oTaxi, rom xeli
adevnon Tvali yvela prezenta-
SeuwyoT klasis efeqtur marTvas.
ciasa da aqtivobas;
• xSirad gamoyenebadi masala ad-
yvela maswavlebels kargad unda es-
vilad xelmisawvdomia;
modes, rom klasSi avejis ganlageba
• aveji isea ganlagebuli, rom
da saklaso oTaxis gaformeba mos-
gadaadgilebas xels ar uSlis;
wavleTaTvis mniSvnelovani infor-
• maswavleblisaTvis advilia mo-
maciis xelmisawvdomobas emsaxure-
swavleTa dajgufeba wyvilebad,
ba. rogorc emeri, everTsoni da
triadebad da patara jgufebad;
uorSami (2003) xsnian:
• oTaxSi ar aris nivTebi, rom-
lebic moswavleTa yuradRebas
gaiTvaliswineT, rom saklaso
gafantavs an zedmetad miiz-
oTaxi aris saswavlo garemo
idavs.
TqvenTvis da Tqveni moswav­
leebisaTvis. miuxedavad imisa, diagrama 7.1-ze naCvenebia mod-
rom saklaso oTaxSi, daaxloe­ eli imisa, Tu rogor SeiZleba moew-
biT, 30 moswavle SeiZleba ete­ yos zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis
odes, es ar aris didi sivrce. dawyebiTi klasis moswavleTaTvis
 diagrama 7.1

sacavi/karadebi garderobi saklaso oTaxi

gancxadebebis
dafa

kompiuter(eb)
TeTri dafa da is kuTxe
proeqtoris ekrani
sacavi
proeqtori

xelovnebis
kuTxe

sacavi
maswavleblis
magida
mecnierebis
magida mcire kuTxe
dokumentebis zomis jgufuri
adgili SexvedrebisaTvis
gancxadebebis
dafa
sacavi wignis Taroebi
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis dawyebiTi klasebis moswavleTa
klasis efeqturi marTva: pirveli dReebi
115
116 klasis marTva

saklaso oTaxi. dawyebiTi klasis (magaliTad, kiTxvis jgufebSi).

maswavleblis mier misaRebi erT- diagrama 7.1-ze naCvenebia magida
erTi pirveli gadawyvetileba im (centraluri nawilidan marjvena
adgilis moZebnas ukavSirdeba, sa- mxares), romelic am daniSnulebas
dac mTeli klasis mecadineoba unda Seasrulebs. roca maswavlebeli
warimarTos. es unda iyos adgili, moswavleTa mcire jgufs esaubre-
sadac maswavlebels Tavisuflad ba, maswavleblis skami aucileblad
SeuZlia dafis gamoyeneba. dafis kedelze unda iyos midgmuli, raTa
danaxva yvela moswavles zedmeti man advilad dainaxos mTeli klasi.
moZraobis gareSe unda SeeZlos. dawyebiTi klasis bevri maswav-
maswavleblis magidac bavSvebis lebeli iyenebs `kuTxeebs~, raTa
magidebis maxloblad unda iyos. moswavleebi sxvadasxva proeqtze/
gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca magida Temaze amuSaos. dawyebiTi safex-
maswavleblisaTvis aris im masalis uris moswavleebi, ZiriTadad, xe-
sacavic, romelsac maswavlebeli lovnebisa da samecniero proeqte-
aqtiurad iyenebs swavlebis pro- bze muSaoben. aseTi kuTxeebi
cesSi. ganlagebuli unda iyos ise, rom
moswavleTa merxebi da skamebi maswavleblisaTvis problemas ar
sxvadasxvagvarad SeiZleba gan- warmoadgendes `kuTxeebSi~ gan-
lagdes. daakvirdiT, rom diagrama lagebul moswavleTa danaxva da
7.1-ze merxebi jgufebadaa ganlage- monitoringi. idealur SemTxveva-
buli da ara rigebad. imis gaTval- Si, maswavlebels klasSi aqvs kom-
iswinebiT, rom TanamSromlobiTi piuterebi, romlebic internetSia
swavleba Zalian mniSvnelovania CarTuli. kompiuteruli kuTxe,
da xSirad gamoiyeneba (damatebiTi aseT dros, daemateba danarCen ors.
informaciisaTvis, ix. Tavi 2), mas- yvela kuTxes iqve unda hqondes mo-
wavlebels merxebis ganlageba mos- maragebuli saWiro saswavlo masa-
wavleTa sxvadasxva zomisa da sxva- la.
dasxva tipis jgufebad dayofis sa- diagrama 7.2-ze warmodgenilia
Sualebas unda aZlevdes. merxebis saklaso oTaxi zogadsaganmanaTle-
jgufebad dalageba, rac diagrama blo skolis sabazo safexuris
7.1-zea naCvenebi, namdvilad iZleva klasebisaTvis.
amis saSualebas. arsebobs moswavleTa merxebis
wignis Taroebi ise unda iyos ganlagebis sxvadasxva varianti,
ganlagebuli, rom advilad xelmi- Tumca maswavlebelTa umravleso-
sawvdomi iyos yvelasTvis. Tumca, ba upiratesobas aniWebs merxebis
amavdroulad, isini xels ar unda mwkrivebad dalagebas, rogorc es
uSlides moswavleebs gadaadgile- diagrama 7.2-zea naCvenebi. aseTi
baSi. aseve, wignis Taroebis gan- ganlageba xSirad arTulebs mos-
lagebis adgilebi maswavleblisaT- wavleTa dayofas TanamSromlobiTi
vis Sav laqebad ar unda iqces. sxva swavlebis jgufebad. Tumca, isic
sityvebiT, maswavlebeli kargad gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom sabazo
unda xedavdes yvela moswavles, safexuris klasis zoma xSirad Seu-
imis miuxedavad, Tu sad sxedan isi- Zlebels xdis moswavleTa merxebis
ni. jgufebad ganlagebas. maswavle-
maswavlebels dasWirdeba ad- belma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom
gili, sadac SeiZleba moswavle- merxebi ar unda iyos erTmaneTTan
Ta mcire zomis jgufs esaubros Zalian axlos; zedmeti siaxlovis
 diagrama 7.2

laso oTaxi
sacavi/karadebi sacavi/karadebi sacavi

magida mcire zomis

jgufuri Sexve- dokumentebis
drebisaTvis adgili
maswavleblis
magida

wignis Taroebi

proeqtori

kompiuteri dafa da proeqtoris

ekrani
gancxadebebis dafa gancxadebebis dafa
klasis efeqturi marTva: pirveli dReebi

zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis sabazo klasebis moswavleTa sak-

117
118 klasis marTva

SemTxvevaSi, ufro maRalia alba- bazec. saklaso oTaxis fizikuri

Toba, rom moswavleebi erTmaneTs mdgomareoba bevrismTqmelia mo-
xels SeuSlian. maswavleblis magi- swavlisaTvis, romelic pirvelad
da, diagrama 7.2-ze oTaxis boloSia. Sedis gakveTilze. roca maswavle-
erTi SexedviT, ufro bunebrivia, beli klasis gaformebaze fiqrobs,
roca maswavleblis magida klasis pirvel yovlisa, unda gaiTval-
TavSi dgas. Tumca, maswavleblis iswinos funqciuri datvirTva. mas-
magidis boloSi ganlageba saSu- wavlebeli `koxta~ garemos ki ar
alebas aZlevs mas, xan klasis TavSi unda qmnides, aramed `saswavlo~
iyos, xan ki _ boloSi da, Sesabam- garemos. rogorc everTsoni, emeri
isad, ukeT akontrolos situacia. da uorSami (2003) xsnian, `ar dax-
aseve, roca moswavle Tavis merxTan arjoT didi dro Tqveni saklaso
davalebaze muSaobs da icis, rom oTaxis gaformebaze. Tqven isedac
maswavlebeli boloSia, is ufro Zalian bevri saqme gaqvT, roca
mobilizebulia, radgan ver igebs, axali saswavlo wlis dasawyebad
rodis uyurebs mas maswavlebeli. emzadebiT. gancxadebis ramdenime
maswavlebels dasWirdeba ad- carieli dafa aravis Seawuxebs~ (gv.
gili, sadac gamarTavs Sexvedrebs 5). am sityvebis gaTvaliswinebiT,
moswavleTa mcire jgufebTan. dia- qvemoT moviyvan saklaso oTaxis ga-
grama 7.2-ze aseTi adgili gamoyo- formebasTan dakavSirebul ramden-
filia klasis ZiriTadi nawilis (Tu ime rCevas, romelic maswavleblebs
saxiT vdgavarT klasis pirispir) klasis efeqtur marTvaSi daexmare-
marcxniv. ba.
zogadsaganmanaTleblo sko- zogadsaganmanaTleblo sko-
lis sabazo safexuris klasebSi lis dawyebiTi safexuris saklaso
`kuTxeebs~ ar vxvdebiT. idealur oTaxi SeiZleba Semdeg dekoratiul
SemTxvevaSi, klasSi iqneba erTi an elementebs Seicavdes:
ramdenime, internetSi CarTuli
• kalendari;
kompiuteri. es kompiuterebi unda
• saskolo gancxadebebis ganTavse-
iyos klasis ZiriTadi nawilisgan
bis adgili;
moSorebiT, magram ise unda gan-
• adgili, sadac gamofenilia
lagdes, rom maswavlebeli advilad
davalebis sworad Sesrulebis
xedavdes maTze momuSave moswav-
nimuSebi (magaliTad, rogor
leebs. kompiuterTan dakavSirebu-
davasaTauroT davaleba?);
li masalac iqve axlos unda inax-
• adgili, sadac ganTavsebulia
ebodes.
sagakveTilo ganrigi da yovel-
sabazo safexurze mecnierebisa
dRiuri davalebebi;
da xelovnebis kabinetebi labora-
• adgili, sadac mocemulia in-
toriebis formiT funqcionire-
formacia im Temebze, romlebsac
ben. laboratoriebze, daaxloebiT,
moswavleebi drois konkretul
analogiuri rekomendaciebi gavr-
momentSi gadian;
celdeba, Tumca gasaTvaliswine-
• posteri, romelzec gakeTebulia
beli iqneba is, rom iq ganlagebu-
`jibeebi~ yvela moswavlisaTvis
li mowyobilobebis gadaadgileba
cal-calke, romlebSic, magali-
rTulia.
Tad, baraTebis Cadeba SeiZleba.
saklaso oTaxSi avejis gan-
lagebis garda, maswavlebelma zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis
unda izrunos oTaxis gaforme- sabazo safexuris saklaso oTaxi
 klasis efeqturi marTva: pirveli dReebi 119

SeiZleba Semdeg dekoratiul el- riis gaformebas. mas xSirad

ementebs Seicavdes: surda xolme, daewyo muSaoba
• saskolo gancxadebebis ganTavse- laboratoriis gaformebaze,
bis adgili; magram saWiro dros ver pou­
• adgili, sadac mocemulia sasko- lobda. bolos, batoni qrenqi
lo davalebebi; mixvda, rom am problemis gad­
• adgili, sadac mocemulia davale- aWraSi teqnologia daexmare­
bebis Sesrulebis nimuSebi; boda. programuli uzrun­
• moswavleTa naSromebis gamofenis velyofis gamoyenebiT, man
adgili. Seqmna araCveulebrivi kalen­
drebi, gancxadebis dafebi
qvemoT moyvanil magaliTSi naCven- da moswavleTaTvis Sexsen­
ebia, Tu rogor gaaformes saklaso ebis baraTebi. es yvelaferi
oTaxebi zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolisaTvis damaxasiaTebel
­skolis dawyebiTi da sabazo klase- ferebSi iyo gadawyvetili.
bis maswavleblebma: saukeTeso idea ki is iyo,
rom batonma qrenqma Seqmna
• qalbatoni raisi saswavlo gancxadebebis virtualuri
wlis dawyebamde ramdenime dafa, romelsac drodadro
dRes saklaso oTaxis ga­ proeqtoriT Werze aCvenebda
formebas uTmobda xolme. xolme.
is amas ukve aRar akeTebs.
moswavleebi axla TiTqmis
cariel oTaxSi Sedian da Sem­ rekomendacia 2 q
deg qalbaton raisTan erTad
iwyeben oTaxis dekoraciaze
muSaobas. isini erTad kide­ pirveli dRe mTeli SemarTebiT
ben kalendrebs, gamoyofen daiwyeT
adgilebs moswavleTa namu­
Sevris gamosafenad da maTi cnobili gamoTqma `Tqven mxolod
saswavlo masalis Sesanaxad. erTxel gaqvT Sansi, moaxdinoT
muSaobis procesSi, qalbato­ pirveli STabeWdileba~ zustad
ni raisi moswavleebs sivrcis miesadageba saswavlo wlis dasaw-
datvirTvas uxsnis. maswav­ yiss. maswavleblis qmedeba pirvel
lebels esmis, rom aseTi axsna dRes qmnis im garemos, romelic
moswavleebs exmareba, gaiaz­ wlis bolomde mihyveba. ar arsebobs
ron, Tu ra resursi gaaCniaT aqtivobebis CamonaTvali, romelic
da saTanadod gamoiyenon is. maswavlebelma pirvel dRes unda
axla qalbatoni raisi axali Seasrulos, magram aris ramdenime
saswavlo wlis dawyebamde zogadi rCeva. vecadeT, Segverwya
dros, ZiriTadad, saswavlo emeris, everTsonisa da uorSamis
procesis dagegmvas uTmobs. (2003) rCevebi Cvens sakuTar mosaz-
• pedagogiuri praqtikis rebebTan, rasac qvemoT warmogid-
pirveli ori wlis manZilze genT.
batoni qrenqi did yura­ zogadsaganmanaTleblo sko-
dRebas ar aqcevda Tavisi lis dawyebiTi safexuris klasebSi
kompiuteruli laborato­ pirvel gakveTilze maswavlebelma,
sasurvelia, gaakeTos Semdegi:
120 klasis marTva

• moamzados moswavleTa saxeleb- SeZleben erTmaneTis gacnobas.

is aRmniSvneli baraTebi, rom- magaliTad, maswavlebels Seu-
lebic magidaze an tanisamosze Zlia, sTxovos moswavleebs,
magrdeba; maswavlebels Tan unda warmoTqvan sakuTari saxeli da
hqondes damatebiTi, carieli ba- gaacnon sxva moswavleebs Ta-
raTebi im SemTxvevisaTvis, Tu vianTi sayvareli aqtivoba. mas-
axali moswavleebi daematebian wavlebels SeuZlia, moswavleebs
klass. maswavlebels, aseve, Seu- saxelebis damaxsovrebis TamaSi
Zlia, merxebze miamagros saxele- SesTavazos. kidev erTi varianti,
bi; maswavlebels SeuZlia, sTxovos
• roca moswavleebi klasSi Semov- moswavleebs, Seavson interese-
len, maswavlebeli maT gulTbi- bis baraTi, romelic diagrama
lad unda miegebos, daexmaros 7.3-zea mocemuli;
TavianTi baraTis moZebnaSi, • maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda
damagrebasa da adgilis dakave- warmoudginos da maTTan erTad
baSi. Tu saxelebi ukve merxebzea ganixilos rogorc wesebi da
mimagrebuli, maSin maswavle- procedurebi, aseve disciplinis
beli moswavles sakuTari merxis darRvevis SemTxvevebis Semcire-
mignebaSi exmareba; baze mimarTuli RonisZiebebi.
• maswavlebelma ar unda dauSvas,
rom moswavleebma klasSi uwes- qvemoT moyvanili magaliTi war-
rigod siaruli daiwyon da dab- moadgens saswavlo wlis pirvel
neuloba Semoitanon; dRes zogadsaganmanaTleblo sko-
• maswavlebels SeuZlia sakuTari lis dawyebiTi safexuris klasSi:
Tavis Sesaxeb mouTxros moswav-
leebs da oriode sityvis Tqmis batoni jeiki saswavlo wlis
saSualeba maTac misces. ase pirvel dRes yvela moswavles

diagrama 7.3
interesebis baraTi dawyebiTi klasis moswavleTaTvis
1. ra jiSis Sinauri cxoveli gyavs saxlSi? Tu ar gyavs Sinauri cxoveli,
romel cxovels isurvebdi, rom gyavdes?

2. romelia Seni sayvareli saskolo sagani?

3. ratom?

4. romelia Seni sayvareli satelevizio gadacema?

5. risi gakeTeba giyvars skolis Semdeg?

 klasis efeqturi marTva: pirveli dReebi 121

esalmeboda da saxelis aRm­ amTavreben, isini xels iweven da

niSvnel baraTebs urigebda. am maswavlebeli am dokumentebs
baraTebze, moswavlis saxelis agrovebs;
garda, datanili iyo webovani • maswavlebels SeuZlia, mouyves
aplikaciebi, romlebic saswav­ moswavleebs sakuTari Tavis Ses-
lo gegmis sxvadasxva nawilis axeb, sakuTari ojaxis istoria,
simbolur gamoxatulebas war­ pedagogiuri gamocdileba, ga-
moadgendnen, magaliTad, cx­ tacebebi da ase Semdeg. Tu mos-
oveli, geometriuli figura, wavleebi erTmaneTs ar icnoben,
aso, moTxrobis saTauri. mTeli maswavlebelma unda gaukeTos
dRis ganmavlobaSi batoni jei­ organizacia gacnobis romelime
ki, am simboloebis mixedviT, aqtivobas. magaliTad, moswav-
moswavleebs jgufebad yofda leebi SeiZleba daiyon triade-
(`axla daviyofiT cxoveleb­ bad. TiToeuli moswavle ambobs
is mixedviT. yvela, visac aqvs Tavis saxels da raime damate-
ZaRli, aqeT SegrovdiT, xolo biT informacias sakuTar Tavze.
isini, visac aqvs Citi – iqiT~). swored am dros, maT SeiZleba
TiToeul dajgufebaSi moxve­ Seavson diagrama 7.4-ze mocemu-
drili moswavleebi jer erTma­ li baraTi;
neTs ecnobodnen, Semdeg ki, ba­ • moswavleebs maswavlebelma mok-
toni jeikis miTiTebebis safuZ­ led unda gaacnos sagnis Ziri-
velze, ganixilavdnen saswavlo Tadi monaxazi da is aqtivobebi,
gegmis miznebsa da saklaso romelTa Sesrulebac moswav-
rutinul aqtivobebs. dRis bo­ leebs mouwevT;
los, yvela moswavle icnobda • maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda
Tavis klasels. batonma jeikma gaacnos sakuTari molodinebi
ki moaxerxa yvela moswavlisaT­ maTi swavlis SedegebTan dakav-
vis gaecno saswavlo gegma. SirebiT (Tumca am dros ar aris
saWiro davalebebisa da Sefase-
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis bis kriteriumebis detaluri
sabazo safexuris klasebSi pirvel ganxilva);
gakveTilze maswavlebelma, sasur- • maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda
velia, gaakeTos Semdegi: daurigos wesebisa da proce-
durebis werilobiTi nusxa da
• gakveTilis dawyebamde, maswav- gaacnos maT, Tu ra Sedegebi
lebeli karTan unda dadges; mohyveba disciplinis darRvevis
• maswavlebeli gakveTilze Semo- SemTxvevebsa Tu sanimuSo qcevas.
sul moswavleebs unda miesal- maswavlebelma moswavleebTan
mos. auxsnas, rom pirvel dRes erTad unda ganixilos is argu-
maT saSualeba eqnebaT, dasxdnen mentebi, romelic TiToeul wess,
iq, sadac surT. mogvianebiT ki, proceduras, dasjasa Tu aRi-
TiToeul moswavles maswavle- arebas udevs safuZvlad. maswav-
beli miuCens adgils; lebelma moswavleebs saSualeba
• gakveTili iwyeba siis amokiTx- unda misces, rom maT dasvan
viT da administraciuli forme- SekiTxvebi; aseve, unda agrZnobi-
bis SevsebiT, Tu arsebobs amis nos, rom maT SeuZliaT wesebisa
saWiroeba. roca moswavleebi da procedurebis Secvla;
sxvadasxva dokumentis Sevsebas • pirveli sagakveTilo dRe unda
122 klasis marTva

dasruldes rutinuli saqmis Ses- moCndeboda realobasTan,

rulebiT, rac gulisxmobs sas- iReb­dnen qulebs. qulebis da­
wavlo masalis Tavis adgilze mi- groveba ki specialuri jildos
lagebas an oTaxis mowesrigebas. miRebis garantias warmoad­
genda. im dRis jildo iyo didi
qvemoT moyvanili magaliTi war- zomis Sokoladis fila. baton­
moadgens saswavlo wlis pirvel ma eimsma moswavleebs Tavisi
dRes zogadsaganmanaTleblo sko- gamocdileba aRuwera. Semdeg
lis sabazo safexuris klasSi: ki dauriga interesis baraTe­
bi, dayo triadebad da sTxova,
batonma eimsma gadawyvita, Tav­ erTmaneTisaTvis gaeziarebi­
isi moswavleebisaTvis raime naT informacia TavianTi Tavis
axali moefiqrebina, radgan Sesaxeb. am aqtivobis dasruleb­
icoda, rom maT saswavlo wlis isTanave, maswavlebelma mos­
pirveli dRe metismetad uin­ wavleebs mokled gaacno wese­
teresod eCvenebodaT. rogorc bi da procedurebi, romelTa
ki moswavleebi klasSi Semovid­ damkvidrebasac apirebda. ba­
nen, batonma eimsma isini mcire tonma eimsma kargad gaagebina
zomis jgufebad dayo. yoveli moswavleebs, rom maT mosaz­
axali informaciis miwodebis rebebsa da SeniSvnebs, wesebTan
win, maswavlebeli moswavleebs da procedurebTan dakavSire­
sTxovda, gamoecnoT, Tu ris biT, yuradRebiT moismenda da
Tqmas apirebda is _ sakuTari gaiTvaliswinebda; es diskusia
Tavis, Sefasebis stilis, saswav­ sxva dRes Sedgeboda. da bolos,
lo gegmisa Tu sxva sakiTxebis maswavlebelma mokled aRuw­
Sesaxeb. is jgufebi, romelTa era moswavleebs saswavlo geg­
varaudic yvelaze axlos aR­ ma da molodinebi maTi swavlis

diagrama 7.4
interesebis baraTi sabazo klasis moswavleTaTvis

1. romelia Seni sayvareli sagani skolaSi?

2. ris Sesaxeb giyvars kiTxva?

3. romelia Seni sayvareli wigni?

4. romelia Seni sayvareli filmi an satelevizio Sou?

5. ris gakeTebas apireb skolis damTavrebis Semdeg?

 klasis efeqturi marTva: pirveli dReebi 123

SedegebTan dakavSirebiT. aqac maswavlebels SeuZlia, garkveu-

aRniSna, rom moswavleTa SeniS­ li cvlilebebi Seitanos weseb-
vnebs mogvianebiT moismenda da Si, procedurebSi, jildoebisa
gaiTvaliswinebda. gakveTilis da aRiarebis formebSi;
bolos batonma eimsma daaskv­ • maswavlebelma unda Camoayalibos
na, rom moswavleebi mas didi mSoblebTan komunikaciis sistema;
yuradRebiT usmendnen da, rac • maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda
mTavaria, saswavlo wlis pirve­ gaacnos Sefasebis sistema, rom-
live dRes iwyebdnen fiqrs mo­ lis gamoyenebasac apirebs. mniS-
maval gegmebze. vnelovania am procesSi moswav-
leTa aqtiuri CarTulobis uz-
runvelyofa;
• maswavlebelma unda gaagrZelos
rekomendacia 3 q
aqtivobebi, romlebic moswavleebs
maswavleblisa da Tanaklaselebis
pirveli dRe mTeli SemarTebiT ukeT gacnobaSi daexmareba.
daiwyeT
qvemoT moyvanili magaliTi aCven-
klasis marTvis sistema saswav- ebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba warimar-
lo wlis dawyebis pirvel kviras Tos pirveli saswavlo kvira dawye-
unda Camoyalibdes. amas sWird- biTi klasebis moswavleebTan:
eba garkveuli aqtivobebis ganx-
orcieleba. zogadsaganmanaTle- `SeCerdiT! dawyvildiT masTan,
blo skolis dawyebiTi safexuris vinc Tqven gverdiT dgas. gai-
klasebSi maswavlebelma Semdegi aq- caniT Tanaklaseli da erTad
tivobebi SeiZleba gamoiyenos: ganixileT is wesebi da proce-
durebi, romelTa dacvac axla
• maswavlebels SeuZlia, moswav- mogeTxovebaT. Semdeg SeafaseT
leebs axali Tanaklaselebi gaa- Tqveni Tavi da mTeli klasi
canos. daexmaros moswavleebs, 1-dan 4 qulamde, skalaze _
miiRon informacia Tanatolebis ramdenad kargad asrulebT am
Sesaxeb; wesebsa da procedurebs?”
• maswavlebels SeuZlia, moswav- qalbatoni uingeri ”SeCer­
leebTan erTad ivarjiSos sak- diT!~ aqtivobas Tavis pir­vel­
laso rutinuli saqmis Sesrule- klaselebTan dReSi ramden-
baze manam, sanam isini am samuSaoe- jerme iyenebs. is swored maSin
bis Sesrulebas ar mieCvevian; iwyebs aqtivobas, roca surs,
• maswavlebelma unda ganixilos moswavleebs qcevis wesebi Se-
is wesebi da procedurebi, rom- axsenos. moswavleebi mowodebi-
lebic moswavleebs pirvel dRes sTanave Cerdebian da situaciis
warmoudgina; aseve, miubrundes Sefasebas iwyeben. Tu maswavle-
disciplinis darRvevis SemTx- beli amCnevs, rom moswavleebi
vevebze reagirebis sakiTxebsac. dabneulebi arian, is maT konk-
garkveuli dro unda dauTmos retul wessa Tu proceduras
wesebis, procedurebis, jil- axsenebs. qalbatoni uingeri am
doebisa da aRiarebis formebis dros imisTvisac iyenebs, rom
logikur gaazrebas. moswavlee- moswavleebs Seaxsenos, Tu ram-
bis SeniSvnebis gaTvaliswinebiT, denad mniSvnelovania wesebisa
124 klasis marTva

da procedurebis dacva. moswavleebs akademiuri davaleba

ar misca. man moswavleebs sTxova,
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis meore dRisTvis 10 kiTxvisagan Sem­
sabazo safexuris klasebSi maswav- dgari testi moemzadebinaT, romel­
lebelma Semdegi aqtivobebi Sei- Sic Sevidoda SekiTxvebi im dRes
Zleba gamoiyenos: warmodgenili wesebisa da proce­
• maswavlebelma axali moswavlee- durebis Sesaxeb; aseve, moswavleebs
bi unda gaacnos klass; unda moemzadebinaT 2 SekiTxva
• maswavlebelma unda ganixilos Tanaklaselebis interesebis Sesax­
is wesebi da procedurebi, rom- eb. Semdgomi ori dRis ganmavloba­
lebic moswavleebs pirvel dRes Si, gakveTilis dasawyisSi ramdenime
warmoudgina; aseve, miubrundes wuTis manZilze, moswavleebi tes­
disciplinis darRvevis SemTx- tis SekiTxvebs Tanatolebs zepi­
vevebze reagirebis sakiTxebsac. rad warudgendnen da maT pasuxebs
garkveuli dro unda dauTmos ecnobodnen. aseTi aqtivoba exmare­
wesebis, procedurebis, jil- boda maT, erTmaneTi gaecnoT da
doebisa da aRiarebis formebis wesebic daemaxsovrebinaT. Semdeg
logikur gaazrebas. moswavlee- maswavlebelma daiwyo SekiTxvebis
bis SeniSvnebis gaTvaliswinebiT, dasma wesebisa da procedurebis
maswavlebels SeuZlia, garkveu- efeqturobisa da samarTlianobis
li cvlilebebi Seitanos weseb- Sesaxeb. gamomdinare iqidan, rom
Si, procedurebSi, jildoebisa moswavleebs ukve gaazrebuli hqon­
da aRiarebis formebSi; daT wesebi da procedurebi, disku­
• maswavlebelma moswavleebTan er- sia cocxali da produqtuli iyo.
Tad unda ganixilos is rutinuli
procedurebi, romlebic maTTan
erTad daamkvidra da romlebic,
Sejameba
magaliTad, ukavSirdeba mecadi- saswavlo wlis dasawyisi um-
neobis dawyebasa da dasrule- niSvnelovanesia klasis marTvis
bas, masalis darigebas, jgufeb- sistemis Camoyalibebis Tvalsaz-
Si muSaobas da a.S. Tu saWiroa, risiT. saklaso oTaxSi avejis gan-
maswavlebeli moswavleebs am lageba da oTaxis gaformeba sagu-
rutinuli procedurebis praqti- lisxmo informacias awvdis moswav-
kul gamoyenebaSi unda daexmaros; leebs maswavleblis mier klasis
• maswavlebelma unda daimaxsov- marTvis stilis Sesaxeb. saswavlo
ros yvela moswavlis saxeli da wlis pirvel dRes saWiroa saTana-
mcire informacia maT Sesaxeb; do STabeWdilebis moxdena da mo-
• maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda swavleTaTvis wesebisa da proce-
gaacnos Sefasebis sistema, romlis durebis gacnoba. es wesebi da pro-
gamoyenebasac apirebs. am procesSi cedurebi safuZvlad daedeba kla-
mniSvnelovania moswavleTa aqti- sis marTvas mTeli wlis manZilze.
uri CarTulobis uzrunvelyofa. pirveli kviris ganmavlobaSi wese-
qvemoT moyvanili magaliTi aCven- bisa da procedurebis ukeT gaazre-
ebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba warimar- bis mizniT Catarebuli aqtivobebi
Tos pirveli saswavlo kvira sabazo daexmareba maswavlebels klasis
klasebis moswavleebTan: marTvis sistemis safuZvlian Camoy-
qalbatonma kingma pirvel dRes alibebasa da damkvidrebaSi.
8
...
m a r T v a s a s k olo do n e ze

winamdebare wignis me-2 _ me-5 Tav- skolis sabazo safexuris moswav-

ebSi aRwerilia is RonisZiebebi da lea; mas dReSi 5 gakveTili aqvs da
strategiebi, romlebic maswavle- yvela sagans sxvadasxva maswavle-
blebma SeiZleba da unda danergon beli aswavlis. TiToeuli maswavle-
klasis efeqturi marTvis uzrun- beli klasis marTvis gansxvavebul
velsayofad. me-6 TavSi ganxilu- meTods iyenebs, rac aucilebelia
lia, Tu rogor SeiZleba daexmaros klasSi wesrigis dasamyareblad.
maswavlebeli moswavleebs TavianT gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom sesilia
qcevaze pasuxismgeblobis aRebaSi. mTel dros klasSi ar atarebs; is
me-7 Tavi ki pasuxobs SekiTxvas: ax- gadis sadilze, Sesvenebaze dadis
ali saswavlo wlis dasawyisidanve, derefnebSi, iyenebs saerTo TavSey-
rogor CavuyaroT safuZveli kla- ris adgilebs da a. S. Sesabamisad,
sis efeqtur marTvas? mocemul, sesiliasTvis efeqturi marTva ar
me-8 TavSi ganxilulia is RonisZie- iqneba mxolod klasis doneze mar-
bebi, romlebic SeiZleba skolam Tva, misTvis mniSvnelovania wes-
klasis efeqturi marTvis mizniT rigi mTels skolaSi. Tu am sakiTxs
gaataros. erTi SexedviT, SeiZleba CavuRrmavdebiT da kargad gavaana-
es Temidan gadaxvevad mogeCvenoT, lizebT, mivxvdebiT, rom efeqturi
magram garwmunebT, cdebiT. klasis marTva aris sxvadasxva elementis
marTva mniSvnelovnad ukavSirdeba urTierTqmedebis Sedegad miRe-
marTvas skolis doneze. am kavSiris buli mTeli. diagrama 8.1 am urT-
danaxva kargad SeiZleba individu- ierTqmedebis models warmoadgens.
aluri moswavlis magaliTze. rogorc diagrama 8.1-zea naCven-
sesilia zogadsaganmanaTleblo ebi, skolis doneze marTva warmoad-

125
126 klasis marTva

skolas unda SeeZlos iseTi dis-

diagrama 8.1 ciplinirebuli garemos Seqmna,
urTierTqmedeba skolis romelic xels uwyobs swavlas~
doneze marTvasa da klasis (gv. 13). am Canawerisda miuxedavad,
doneze marTvas Soris individualuri maswavleblebi ar
skolis doneze marTva ganixilaven skolis doneze marT-
vas, rogorc TavianTi pasuxismge-
blobis nawils. es mosazreba daedo
safuZvlad kvlevebis mimoxilvas,
romelic qrisTin o’braienma gaa-
klasis klasis klasis keTa (1998):
doneze doneze doneze
marTva marTva marTva 1997 wlis Semodgomaze davas-
rule zogadsaganmanaTleblo
skolis sabazo safexuris mos-
klasis klasis klasis
wavleTa swavleba centralur
doneze doneze doneze
virjiniaSi. me jer kidev ver
marTva marTva marTva
gamego, Tu ratom aZleven mas-
wavleblebi moswavleebs ufle-
klasis klasis klasis
bas, rom zedmetad Tavisuflad
doneze doneze doneze
moiqcnen derefnebSi. klasSi mas-
marTva marTva marTva
wavleblebi aSkarad gacilebiT
ufro maRali pasuxismgeblo-
biT epyrobodnen disciplinis
sakiTxebs. moswavleebma kargad
icodnen, rom klasSi wesebisa
skolis doneze marTva da procedurebis darRvevas
konkretuli reagireba mohyve-
gens klasis doneze marTvis farTo boda maswavleblebis mxridan.
konteqsts. skola qmnis im saerTo derefnebi ki sul sxva iyo.
garemos, romelSic individualuri cudad gavxdi am skolaSi mox-
klasebi funqcionireben. moswavles vedrisas, pirvel kviras, roca
skolis Sesaxeb Sexeduleba skolis derefnebSi Semdegi situacia
marTvisa da klasis marTvis er- damxvda: moswavleebi uwmawur
Toblivi efeqturobis Sejamebis sityvebs ambobdnen, erTmaneTs
safuZvelze eqmneba. uxeSad eqceodnen, maRla xte-
bodnen, raTa Wers xeliT Sexe-
bodnen. zogjer maswavleblebi
kvlevebi da Teoria moswavleebs SeniSvnas aZlevd-
nen, Tumca, umetes SemTxvevaSi,
kargad marTuli skola im- moswavleebs sruli Tavisufle-
denad mniSvnelovania moswavleTa ba hqondaT micemuli. 8 kviris
akademiuri moswrebisaTvis, rom ganmavlobaSi mec SeveCvie aseT
is erovnul miznadaa aRiarebuli. `velur~ situacias derefnebSi
konkretuliad, 2000 wlis miz- da mxolod maSin verTvebodi,
nebia: amerikis ganaTlebis aqtSi roca moswavleTa Soris serio-
(ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis zuli fizikuri dapirispireba
paneli, 1994) naTqvamia, rom `yvela SeiZleba dawyebuliyo (gv. 4).
 marTva saskolo doneze 127

o’braieni agrZelebs: `maswavleble- midgoma maswavlebelTa konkretul

bi amCnevdnen moswavleTa gansxvave- midgomebs ukavSirdeba, maT Soris:
bul qcevas klassa da derefanSi;
• sindromi `is Cemi moswavle ar
xSirad vgrZnobdi, rom isini dab-
aris~, anu maswavlebeli, romel-
neulni da imedgacruebulni iyvnen,
ic moswavleTa mier disciplinis
kargad ar icodnen, Tu rodis unda
darRvevis SemTxvevebs ignori-
Careuliyvnen moswavleTa qcevaSi.
rebas ukeTebs;
miuxedvad amisa, maswavleblebi am
• sindromi `me TavSekavebis pozi-
problemas Riad arasodes ganixi-
cias virCev~, anu maswavlebeli,
lavdnen~ (gv. 5).
romelic fizikurad aris adg-
kvlevebiT dasturdeba, rom
ilze, magram gonebrivad situ-
sko­lis araefeqturi marTva mos-
aciis gareTaa;
wavleebze Zlier negatiur gavle-
• sindromi `es Cemi saqme araa~, anu
nas axdens. qerol rembolti da
maswavlebeli, romelic moswav-
riCard cimani (1996) xsnian: `Tu
lis mokavSire xdeba da cdilobs,
skolaSi Zaladobas urigdebian,
Semdeg SeTanxmebas miaRwios mas-
moswavle, romelic midrekilia
Tan. `me Cems saqmes mivxedav, Sen
Zaladobisaken, gulisxmobs, rom
ki Sensas mixede~ (gv. 12).
skola aseT qmedebas darRvevad ar
miiCnevs~ (gv. 46). rembolti da ci- skolis marTva mniSvnelovania
mani askvnian, rom skola ver axdens ara mxolod pragmatuli miznebi-
Zaladobis prevencias, roca maswav- dan gamomdinare, aramed sazoga-
leblebi Semdegnairad iqcevian: doebasTan urTierTobis kuTxiTac.
ara erTi kvleva adasturebs, rom
• ver ayalibeben/amkvidreben sas-
moswavleTa qcevis marTva aris is
kolo qcevis cxad standartebs;
sayuradRebo faqtori, romlis
• Tavs arideben skolis Senobis im
mixedviTac sazogadoeba skolis
nawilebs, sadac SeiZleba dis-
efeqturobas afasebs. usafrTx-
ciplinis darRvevis SemTxvevebs
oeba skolaSi aris erT-erTi mTa-
gadaawydnen;
vari sakiTxi, romelic mSoblebs
• ar erevian, roca moswavle Zala-
aRelvebT (ix. qoldroni da boul-
dobaSi monawileobs an imuqreba,
Toni, 1996). erovnul da adgilo-
rom Zaladobas Caidens;
briv doneebze Catarebuli kvleve-
• Tavs arideben Zaladobisa da
bi aCvenebs, rom sazogadoebisaTvis
sityvieri muqaris SemTxvevebze
usafrTxo skola TiTqmis yvelaze
reagirebas;
sayuradRebo sakiTxia (siuoli da
• Tavs aCveneben, rom ver amCneven
Cemberlini, 1997). rogorc pedro
realur safrTxeebs, romlebic
noguera (1995) wers: `bevr saskolo
disciplinis darRvevas SeiZleba
ubanSi disciplina gacilebiT maR-
mohyves;
al prioritetad iTvleba, vidre
• ar reagireben agresiis msxver-
moswavleTa akademiuri moswreba.
plTa Civilebze (gv. 55).
tradiciulad, es ukanaskneli iyo
wignSi `moswavleTa disciplina: xolme ganaTlebis reformis erT-
alternativebi, romlebic warmate- erTi yvelaze maRali erovnuli
biT muSaobs~, paula SorTi, riq prioriteti~ (gv. 189). isic aR-
SorTi da Carli blanToni (1994) saniSnavia, rom amerikis SeerTe-
xsnian, rom skolis marTvisadmi mas- bul StatebSi skolis usafrTxoe-
wavleblebis zedmetad liberaluri basTan dakavSirebuli warmodgene-
128 klasis marTva

bi zogjer uaresia, vidre realoba. eraciis warmomadgenelma ganacxada,

magaliTad, san antonios (texasi) rom yovel me-11 maswavlebelsa da
sajaro skolebSi usafrTxoebis yovel me-4 moswavles skolaSi Seu-
Sesaxeb komentaris gakeTebisas racxyofas ayeneben. amavdroulad,
lili (1994) aRniSnavs: `Tu qalaq- skolis usafrTxoebis erovnuli
is gazeTs gadaxedavT, dagrCebaT centris aRmasrulebeli direqto-
STabeWdileba, rom skolis moswav- ri acxadebs, rom, daaxloebiT, yov-
leTa umravlesoba damnaSavea, da es elTviurad 5000 maswavlebels ayen-
danaSauli zogjer narkotikebsac eben Seuracxyofas. am 5000-dan 1000
ukavSirdeba. miuxedavad amisa, re- imdenad mZimedaa daSavebuli, rom
aloba gansxvavebulia~ (gv. 39). samedicino daxmarebas saWiroebs
fai delTa qefasa da gela- (vardi, 1998).
pis mier Caatarebuli socialuri bundovania moswavleebis Sesax-
gamokiTxva adasturebs, rom sa- eb Segrovebuli monacemebic. 2066
zogadoebis warmodgenebi, skolaSi me-9 klaseli moswavle monawileob-
ZaladobasTan dakavSirebiT, ufro da kvlevaSi, romelic leqsingtonSi
mWidrod ukavSirdeba intensiur me- (kentukis Stati) Catarda. moswav-
diakampanias, vidre skolebSi Zala- leTa 43 %-ma ganacxada, rom bolo
dobis faqtebis realur raodenobas eqvsi Tvis manZilze daurtyamT sxva
(mileri, 1994). da bolos, noguera moswavlisaTvis, 8 %-ma ganacxada,
(1995) wers, rom `axalgazrdebi, Ses- rom daurtyamT maswavleblisaTvis,
aZloa, gacilebiT daculebi arian 16 %-ma ki aRiara, rom skolaSi ia-
skolaSi, vidre TavianT samezob- raRiT dadioda (qingri, maqqoisi-
loSi, parkSi, an saxlSi~ (gv. 191). mandl da qleiToni, 1997). zogad-
arsebobs mtkicebulebebi, rom saganmanaTleblo skolis saSualo
usafrTxoeba skolaSi zogjer po­ safexuris moswavleTa kvlevam
litikur iaraRad iqceva. magali- sietlSi ki aCvena, rom sxvadasxva
Tad, siuoli da Cemberlini (1997) dros 6.6 %-s wauRia skolaSi iara-
xsnian: Ri (qolahani da rivera, 1992).
SesaZloa, droTa ganmavlobaSi
arsebobs mosazreba, rom sko- arc gazrdila danaSaulebaTa da
laSi usafrTxoebis sakiTxebi disciplinis darRvevis SemTxve-
politizirebulia. imis gaT- vaTa ricxvi skolebSi. erTi ram ki
valiswinebiT, rom sazogadoeba cxadia, kvlevebiT dasturdeba, rom
TandaTanobiT ufro da ufro skolaSi disciplinis darRvevebis
mkacrad aRiqvams danaSaulis maRali maCvenebeli sxva uaryofiT
SemTxvevebs, momgebiani xde- maCveneblebTan asocirdeba. magal-
ba oficialuri pirebisaTvis iTad, erT-erTi kvleva yuradRebas
imis Cveneba, rom skolebSi da- amaxvilebs disciplinis damr-
naSaulTan brZola mkacrdeba~ RvevTa sxvadasxva maxasiaTebelze,
(gv. 4). rogorebicaa: rasa, eTnikuri war-
momavloba, socioekonomikuri sta-
skolebSi Zaladobasa da disci- tusi. es kvleva adasturebs, rom im
plinis darRvevis SemTxvevebis Ses- skolebSi, sadac maRalia Zalado-
axeb monacemebi jer kidev ar aris bis done, moswavleebs maTematikaSi
bolomde Seswavlili. magaliTad, 0.20 standartuli gadaxriT dabali
meoce saukunis 90-iani wlebis bo- qulebi hyavT da 5.7 %-iT naklebi
los amerikel maswavlebelTa fed- Sansi aqvT, rom skolas daamTavre-
 marTva saskolo doneze 129

ben, vidre im skolebSi, sadac dam- garkveul problemebs qmnis,

naSaveobis done SedarebiT dabalia radgan maT erTnairi interese-
(grogeri, 1997). bi aqvT da msgavs aqtivobebSi
ase rom, efeqturi marTva sko- monawileoben. moswavleTa So-
lis donezec iseve mniSvnelovania, ris ibadeba socialuri inter-
rogorc klasis doneze. ufro met- aqciis arasasurveli formebi.
ic, zog SemTxvevaSi skolis marTva xolo roca erTmaneTs sxvadasx-
ufro metadaa saskolo garemos va asakis moswavleebis dasven-
ganmsazRvreli, vidre ramdenime ebebi emTxveva, gadatvirTuloba
individualuri klasis marTvis er- SedarebiT naklebia (gv. 155).
Toblivi efeqti.
ekologiur RonisZiebebs warmoad-
gens is wesebi da procedurebi, rom-
lebic im uaryofiTi Sedegebis Tav-
idan acilebas emsaxurebian, skolis
fizikur maxasiaTeblebs (magali-
Tad, viwro derefnebi, SezRuduli
rekomendaciebi misadgomi konkretul oTaxebTan /
maswavleblebs adgilebTan) an ganrigs (magaliTad,
roca sadilis Sesvenebebi emTxveva,
fanjara cxrilSi) rom ukavSirde-
rekomendacia 1 q
ba. ekologiuri RonisZiebebis gasa-
tareblad, aucilebelia, skolam
CamoayalibeT da daamkvidreT mo­ kargad Seiswavlos Tavisi fizikuri
swavleTa qcevis wesebi da proce­ struqtura da yoveldRiuroba.
durebi, romlebic skolis fizikur nelsoni da misi kolegebi Semde-
maxasiaTeblebs an saskolo ruti­ gi saxis ekologiur RonisZiebebs
nas ukavSirdeba. gvTavazoben:
sjobs, Zalisxmeva problemis pre- • skolaSi moswavleTa gadanawile-
venciaze davxarjoT, vidre mis ba yvela Sesasvlelisa da gasas-
aRmofxvraze. rac ufro met yura- vlelis gamoyenebiT;
dRebas aqcevs skola wesebsa da pro- • saerTo sargeblobis oTax-
cedurebs, romlebic mis fizikur ebSi Sesvlisas an gamosvlisas,
garemosa da yoveldRiur proces- mosacdeli drois minimumamde
ebs ukavSirdeba, miT ufro naklebi dayvana;
iqneba disciplinis darRvevebi. j. • sxvadasxva aqtivobasa da Ro­
ron nelsoni, ron marTela da benita nisZiebas Soris, droisa da man-
galandi (1998) aseT wesebs `ekolo- Zilis minimumamde dayvana;
giuri RonisZiebebis~ saxeliT moix- • mowavleTa fizikuri moZraobis
senieben. nelsonma, marTelam da ga- SezRudvis sxvadasxva katego-
landma Caatares oTxwliani kvleva, riis daweseba, rac gulisxmobs
romelSic 1-dan me-6 klasamde 600 imas, rom zog adgilas moZraoba
moswavle monawileobda. kvlevis ufro SezRudulia, xolo zog-
Sedegad dadginda, rom: gan _ naklebad; SezRudvebis
dacva mkacrad kontroldeba;
... erTi da imave asakis moswav- • saerTo sargeblobis oTaxebSi
leTa Sesvenebebis damTxveva moswavleTa qcevis kontroli
130 klasis marTva

specialuri niSnebis gamoyen- mohkra Tvali. swored am momen­

ebiT, romlebzec moswavleTa tSi daebada axali idea: kibee­
qcevasTan dakavSirebuli wesebia bis is nawili, romelic dabla
datanili; CasvlisTvis gamoiyeneboda,
• saerTo sargeblobis oTaxebSi unda SeRebiliyo yavisfrad,
RonisZiebaTa Tanmimdevrobis xolo is nawili, romelic maR­
mkacrad gansazRvra. la asvlisTvis gamoiyeneboda
mas Semdeg, rac skola gadaw- _ yviTlad. ferebs Soris gansx­
yvets, rom sWirdeba ekologiuri vaveba moswavleebs konkretul
RonisZiebebi, nelsonisa da misi sazRvrebSi moaqcevda da, ki­
kolegebis rCeviT, Sesabamisi wese- beebis gamoyenebis dros, sxva­
bisa da procedurebis danergvi- dasxva mimarTulebiT moZravi
saTvis, skolam samfaziani midgoma moswavleebi erTmaneTs aRar
unda gamoiyenos. pirveli fazis Seereodnen. direqtorma Caa­
ganmavlobaSi moswavleebs wesebsa tara maswavlebelTa Sekreba
da procedurebs aswavlian, rom- da mouwoda maT, Zalian xSir­
lebic saerTo sargeblobis far- ad SeexsenebinaT moswavlee­
Tis gamoyenebas exeba; amas SeiZleba bisaTvis ferebTan dakavSire­
dasWirdes 2 – 3 kvira. meore faza- buli informacia. ramdenime
Si xdeba ukve aTvisebuli wesebisa dReSi mTeli skola imeorebda
da procedurebis perioduli ganx- `yviTeli _ maRla, yavisferi
ilva; am fazas 2 – 3 Tve eTmoba. da – dabla~. ufro metic, skolis
bolos, mesame fazaSi moswavleebs sxvadasxva adgilas garkveuli
awvdian damatebiT informacias, monakveTebi wiTlad SeiReba.
rac maT wesebisa da procedurebis wiTeli gansakuTrebiT gadat­
dacvaSi daexmareba. qvemoT moyva- virTul adgilze mianiSnebda,
nilia magaliTi, Tu rogor SeuZlia sadac moswavle ar unda gaC­
skolas ekologiuri RonisZiebebis erebuliyo, raTa zedmeti sim­
ganxorcieleba: Widrove ar gamoewvia. gaCnda
axali mowodeba: ` wiTel zonaSi
skolis direqtori Tavis kabi­ gaCereba akrZalulia~. direq­
netSi ijda da mTeli wlis man­ tori axla ukve ferebiT ko­
Zilze skolis derefnebSi momx­ direbasTan asocirdeboda. yve­
dari incidentebis angariSs la aRiarebda, rom am meTodma
ecnoboda. incidentebis umete­ Sedegi gamoiRo.
soba xis viwro kibeebze da pan­
dusebze moxda. kibeebze xSirad
simWidrove iyo, gansakuTrebiT rekomendacia 2 q
maSin, roca moswavleTa nawili
zeviT adioda, nawili ki Camo­ mTel skolaSi daamkvidreT naTeli
dioda. direqtors uceb gaax­ wesebi da procedurebi, disci­
senda Zveli filmi `kibeebze as­ plinis konkretul darRvevebTan
vla da Camosvla”, ramac Rimili dakavSirebiT.
mohgvara. direqtori prob­
lemis gadaWris gzebze fiqrob­ disciplinasTan dakavSirebuli we­
da, roca kompiuteris ekranze sebisa da procedurebis arseboba
raRac naTelsa da feradovans mniSvnelovania rogorc klasis,
 marTva saskolo doneze 131

ise skolis doneze. Catarda sayve­ 8.2-dan isic ikveTeba, rom disci-
durebis kvleva, romelSic 19 sko- plinis darRvevis ufro seriozuli
lis sabazo safexuris 11000 moswav- formebi, magaliTad, uwmawuri si-
le monawileobda. es kvleva iZleva tyvebi, safrTxis gamowveva da Seu-
informacias disciplinis darRve- racxmyofeli metyveleba, Sedare-
vis tipebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac yve- biT naklebad gvxvdeba. ufro met-
laze xSirad mosdevs sayveduri. kv- ic, kriminaluri danaSauli kidev
levis avtorebi (1997), rasel sqiba, ufro did iSviaTobas warmoadgens.
ris petersoni da Tara uiliamsi, sqibas, petersonisa da uiliamsis
weren: kvlevis mixedviT, iaraRis tarebis
mizeziT, sayveduri miiRo mxolod
• disciplinis darRvevis gamo, 0.1 %-ma (71 045 incidentidan 21-ma),
moswavleTa 41.1 %-s erTxel an xolo narkotikebis an alkoholis
ramdenjerme hqonda sayveduri gamo mxolod 0.2 %-ma (17 045 inci-
miRebuli; dentidan 32-ma).
• sayvedurmiRebul moswavleTa sqibas, petersonisa da uil-
So­ris sayvedurebis saSualo ra­ iamsis kvlevis Sedegebi, romlebic
odenoba iyo 3.77 (gv. 299). zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis sa-
diagrama 8.2-ze moyvanilia dis- bazo safexurs exeba, Seesabameba
ciplinis darRvevis mTavari miz- sxva safexurebis moswavleTa kv-
ezebi. rogorc diagramidan Cans, levebis Sedegebs (ix. beari, 1998;
sayvedurebis naxevars safuZvlad bilingsi da engeri, 1995; grini da
edo sami ZiriTadi mizezi _ dau- barnsi, 1993). skolis doneze dis-
morCilebloba, klasSi xelis Se- ciplinis Semswavleli kvlevebis
Sla da upativcemuloba. diagrama Sedegebis kombinaciiT, Camoyali-

diagrama 8.2
sayveduris 10 mTavari mizezi
qceva procenti jamuri procenti
daumorCilebloba 27. 6 27. 6
klasSi xelis SeSla 12. 8 40. 4
upativcemloba 10. 7 51. 1
Cxubi 10. 6 61. 7
zedmeti xmauri 6. 0 67. 7
Seuracxmyofeli metyveleba 5. 0 72. 7
sxvadasxva 4. 8 77. 5
safrTxis gamowveva 3. 6 81. 1
uwmawuri sityvebi 3. 0 84. 1
CamorCena / Seferxeba 2. 7 86. 8
wyaro: adaptirebulia rasel sqibas, ris petersonisa da Tara uiliamsis naSromidan `sayveduri
da dakaveba: disciplinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli RonisZiebebi zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis
sabazo safexurze~, bavSvTa ganaTleba da mopyroba, 20 (3), 295 – 315.
132 klasis marTva

bda diciplinis darRvevaTa nusxa: dRebas. yvelam icoda, rom mene­

• Cagvra; jers Zveli filmebi uyvarda da
• sityvieri Seuracxyofa; mxatvruli filmebis koleqcia
• narkotikebis gamoyeneba; hqonda. menejeris daxmarebiT,
• Seuracxmyofeli metyveleba da skolis direqtorma moswav­
Jestebi; leTaTvis wesebisa da proce­
• danaSaulebrivi dajgufebisaT- durebis gacnobis axali meTo­
vis maxasiaTebeli qceva; di SeimuSava. teqnologiebis
• seqsualuri Seuracxyofa; menejeri daexmara direqtors
• gakveTilebis sistematuri CaSla; kompiuteruli programebisa
• sxvebis uafrTxoebis ugulebe- da filmebidan amonaridebis
lyofa; gamoyenebiT prezentaciis mom­
• Cxubi; zadebaSi. es prezentacia gan­
• qurdoba; kuTvnili iyo moswavleebisaT­
• gakveTilebis umizezo gacdena. vis da xsnida yvela wessa da pro­
ceduras. prezentaciaSi Sevida
skola valdebulia, moswav- wesebi da procedurebi imis Ses­
leebs cxadad warmoudginos wesebi axeb, Tu rogor unda moqceuli­
da procedurebi, romlebic disci- yvnen moswavleebi sasadiloSi,
plinis am darRvevebs axlavs Tan. mediacentrebSi, derefnebSi
sxva RonisZiebebis gatarebasTan da Sesvenebebze. Zalian Semoq­
erTad, aucilebelia, es wesebi da medebiTad, xSirad, iumoristu­
procedurebi yvelasaTvis kargad ladac iyo warmodgenili mos­
dasanax adgilas iyos gamokruli. wavleTa mier disciplinis dar­
damkvidrebul praqtikas warmoad- Rvevis SemTxvevebze reagirebis
gens wesebisa da procedurebis formebi. gamomdinare iqidan,
gadaxedva yoveli axali saswavlo rom prezentacia skolis qsel­
wlis dasawyisSi. skolas SeuZlia, Si ido, maswavleblebs nebis­
moiwvios moswavleTa da mSobelTa mier dros SeeZloT, moswavlee­
Sekreba, daurigos maT wesebi da bisaTvis esa Tu is segmenti an
procedurebi, maTTan erTad imsje- mTeli prezentacia Seexsenebi­
los SesaZlo cvlilebebze. sko- naT. ufro metic, prezentaciis
lam SeiZleba daniSnos Ria karis gamoyeneba mSoblebTan gama­
saRamo specialurad mSoblebisaT- rTul sxvadasxva Sexvedrazec
vis, sadac isini dasvamen SekiTxvebs SeiZleboda.
wesebTan da procedurebTan dakav-
SirebiT. qvemoT moyvanili magal-
iTi aCvenebs, Tu rogor SeuZlia
skolas, gaacnobierebinos moswav-
rekomendacia 3 q
leebs wesebi da procedurebi:
CamoayalibeT da daamkvidreT dis­
sabazo skolis yvela klasSi ciplinis darRvevis SemTxvevebze
idga didi monitori, romel­ reagirebis formebi.
ic centralur qselTan iyo
SeerTebuli. teqnologiebis disciplinis darRvevis sxvadasx-
sferoSi skolas hyavda axali va saxeobis identifikacia skolis
menejeri, romelic Semoqmedeb­ efeqturi marTvis formulis mxo­
iTobaze amaxvilebda yura­ lod erT-erT komponentia. skola
 marTva saskolo doneze 133

valdebulia, Camoayalibos disci- 0.2 %-s; es maCvenebeli diagrama 8.3-

plinis darRvevis TiToeuli saxeo- ze mocemuli ar aris. saintereso
bis Sesabamisi samarTliani reagireb- aRmoCenaa, rom bodiSis moxda mos-
is forma, romelic Tanmimdevrulad wavles 17 029 incidentidan mxolod
dainergeba skolaSi. kvlevebi adas- 121 SemTxvevaSi sTxoves, rac 0.7 %-s
turebs, rom skolebSi reagirebis Seadgens. qcevis xelSekruleba ga-
formebi msgavsia. sqibas, peterson- formda 17 029 SemTxvevidan mxolod
isa da uiliamsis (1997) kvleva sain- 37-is Semdeg, rac 0.2 %-s warmoad-
tereso kuTxiT udgeba am sakiTxs. gens. bolo sami midgoma TiTqos ad-
diagrama 8.3-ze warmodgenilia mi- vili da efeqturia, Tumca, rogorc
marTvis 10 mTavari Sedegi, anu dis- kvleva aCvenebs, isini farTod gavr-
ciplinis darRvevaze reagirebis 10 celebuli araa.
yvelaze gavrcelebuli forma. sxva kvlevebis Sedegebic sqi­
rogorc diagrama 8.3-dan ikveTe- bas, petersonisa da uiliamsis kv-
ba, saxlSi gamoketva sayveduris levis Sedegebs Seesabameba. magali-
yvelaze farTod gavrcelebuli Tad, jeims grinma da donald barn-
Sedegi, anu disciplinis darRvevaze sma (1993) oTxi sxvadasxva zomisa
reagirebis yvelaze popularuli da oTxi sxvadasxva tipis Temis 100
formaa. sqibas, petersonisa da sabazo da 100 saSualo skolis ad-
uiliamsis kvlevis mixedviT, sax- ministratori gamoikiTxes. grinma
lSi gamoketva, SeniSvna an skolaSi da barnsma daaskvnes: `oTxive tipis
`gamoketva~ axlavs Tan disciplinis skolaSi disciplinis darRvevebze
darRvevaTa 55 %-s. fizikuri dasja reagirebis formebi msgavsia ~ (gv. 7).
mohyva 17 029 incidentidan 37-s, anu administratorebi yvelaze xSirad

diagrama 8.3
sayvedurebis 10 mTavari Sedegi da jamuri procenti
qceva procenti jamuri procenti
saxlSi gamoketva 33. 3 33. 3
SeniSvna 12. 3 45. 6
skolaSi `gamoketva~ 10. 1 55. 7
mSoblebTan kontaqti 9. 4 65. 1
sxvadasxva 8. 6 73. 7
ganxilva da rCevebis micema 7. 0 80. 7
konferencia 5. 3 86. 0
qcevis SezRudva 4. 9 90. 9
izolacia 3. 7 94. 6
transportiT momsaxurebis Sewyveta 2. 2 96. 8
wyaro: adaptirebulia rasel sqibas, ris petersonisa da Tara uiliamsis naSromidan `sayvedurebi
da qcevis SezRudva: disciplinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli RonisZiebebi zogadsaganmanaTleblo
skolis sabazo safexurze~, bavSvTa ganaTleba da mopyroba, 20 (3), 295 – 315. saavtoro ufleba
1997.
134 klasis marTva

iyenebdnen disciplinis darRveve- gaacdines. Tu moswavle ver moas-

bze reagirebis Semdeg formebs: wrebs yvela davalebis Sesrulebas,
mas Semdeg SabaTis mecadineobaze
• sityvieri SeniSvna;
mouwevs misvla.
• mSoblebisaTvis Setyobinebis ga­
devid gulaTi da duain lemi-
g­zavna;
oni (1997) aRweren skolis umizezo
• konferenciebi;
gacdenis aRmosafxvrel programas,
• skolaSi ar SemoSveba;
romelic, SeiZleba, zogma gansa-
• garicxva.
kuTrebiT mkacr programad miiC-
es CamonaTvali uard bilingsis da nios, radgan reagirebis formebi
jon engeris (1995) mier momzadeb- mSoblebs/meurveebsac moicavs. gu-
uli nusxis msgavsia, romelic maT laTi da lemioni weren:
kvlevis Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT
SeimuSaves: am programis ganxorcielebis
pirveli 3 wlis manZilze, 600-
• sityvieri SeniSvna;
mde SemTxveva gadaeca sasamarT-
• qcevis SezRudva;
los da 300 SemTxvevaSi mSobeli/
• skolaSi gaCereba;
meurve iyo dajarimebuli; maT
• skolaSi ar SemoSveba;
miiRes fsiqologiuri daxmare-
• garicxva.
ba. 1989 wlis dasawyisidan moy-
rogorc vxedavT, skolebSi olebuli, skolidan garicxvis
disciplinis darRvevebze reagire- maCvenebeli 45 %-iT Semcirda
bis formebi erTmaneTis msgavsia, da es skolas araferi daujda.
Tumca kargad ar aris Seswavlili, 800 moswavliT metis SenarCune-
ramdenad efeqturia isini. sxva si- bis gamo, Statma skolas $3000
tyvebiT, mkvlevarebs ar miuqce- dolari daumata TiTo Senar-
viaT saTanado yuradReba, Tu ram- Cunebul moswavleze. aseve,
denad kargad muSaobs, magaliTad, dadginda, rom sasamarTloSi
sityvieri SeniSvna, vidre qcevis gadagzavnil yovel 200 SemTx-
SezRudva. miuxedavad amisa, aris vevas Tan axlda, daaxloebiT,
gamonaklisebi. `SabaTis skola~ am 400 moswavlis garicxvis Tavi-
gamonaklisTa ricxvSi Sedis. jon dan acileba (gv. 7).
uinborni (1992) midis im daskvnamde,
rom zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis skolebi wesebisa da proce-
saSualo safexurze, SabaTis sko- durebis darRvevaze reagirebis
lis gamoyenebiT, qcevis SezRudve- sxvadasxva formas iyeneben. qvemoT
bisa da garicxvebis ricxvi mcird- moyvanili magaliTi gviCvenebs, Tu
eba. moswavleebi, romlebic SabaTis rogor SeuZlia skolas disciplin-
skolaSi igzavnebian, Semdegnairad is darRvevaze reagirebis saerTo
atareben dros: weren disciplinis saskolo formis damkvidreba:
Sesaxeb, monawileoben qcevis gaum-
jobesebaze mimarTul treningebSi. roca moswavle saskolo wess
qiubi da reTigani (1992) aRweren Sa- arRvevda, misi sasjelis forma
baTis programas maTTvis, vinc sko- iyo dakaveba. es sasjeli erTi
las umizezod acdens. aseT moswav- dRis Semdeg unda moexada. erTi
leebs uwevT skolaSi misvla SabaTs dRis intervali ganpirobe­
8:00 -dan 11:30-mde da im davalebebs buli iyo mSoblebisaTvis Set­
asruleben, romeli gakveTilebic yobinebis aucileblobiT. ras
 marTva saskolo doneze 135

gulisxmobda dakaveba (zeviT tika. man seriozuli cvlile­

aRniSnuli `qcevis SezRudva~)? bebi Seitana programaSi: mo­
dakavebis periodSi moswav­ swavle disciplinis darRve­
les detalurad unda aRewera, visTanave urekavda mSobels da
Tu rogor daarRvia saskolo atyobinebda amis Sesaxeb. mSo­
wesi, ram ganapiroba incidenti belTan dakavSirebis Semdeg
da rogor apirebs momavalSi, moswavles sakuTari qcevis ana­
Tavidan aicilos aseTi dis­ lizi unda daewera da mSobels
ciplinuri darRvevis ganmeo­ am nawerze imave saRamos unda
reba. erTi SexedviT, dakavebis moewera xeli. da bolos, mas­
procedura karg Sedegebs iZ­ wavleblebis midgomebi ufro
leoda, sanam ar movida direq­ Tanmimdevruli gaxda. dakave­
toris axali moadgile, romlis bis/qcevis SezRudvis progra­
dakvirvebebmac daadastura, mis regularul monawileebs
rom erTi da igive moswavle TandaTanobiT daetyoT cvli­
ramdenjerme gadioda dakave­ lebebi.
bis proceduras. ra iyo miz­
ezi? safuZvliani gamokvlevis
Sedegad, dadginda, rom mos­ rekomendacia 4 q
wavleebisaTvis sasjelis es
forma sulac ar iyo usiamovno.
CamoayalibeT sistema, romelic sa­
pirveli, disciplinis regu­
Sualebas iZleva, droulad gamoav­
laruli damrRvevebi mSoblebs
linoT Zaladobisaken an sxva tipis
dakavebis Sesaxeb srul infor­
eqstremaluri qcevisaken midreki­
macias ar awvdidnen; eubnebod­
li moswavleebi da izrunoT maT
nen, rom klubur da wreebis
daxmarebaze.
muSaobaSi iyvnen CarTulebi da
mSoblebic, rogorc Cans, amas
teri Tobinisa da jorg sugais
ijerebdnen. meore, gamomdin­
(1999) naSromma daadastura, rom
are iqidan, rom disciplinis
mniSvnelovania im moswavleebis
darRvevasa da dakavebas Soris
adreuli identifikacia, rom-
garkveuli dro gadioda, mos­
lebic Zaladobisaken an sxva ti-
wavleebs kargad aRar axsovdaT
pis eqstremaluri qcevisaken arian
xolme incidentis gamomwvevi
midrekilni. Tobinma da sugaim Caa-
mizezebi, ris Sesaxebac uwev­
tares ganmeorebadi kvleva, romel-
daT wera. Sesabamisad, werilo­
Sic 526 moswavle monawileobda.
biTi analizi xSirad detaluri
mkvlevarebi Seecadnen, me-6 klasSi
da swori ar iyo. mesame, maswav­
gakeTebuli Canawerebis mixedviT
leblebi, romlebic dakavebis
ewinaswarmetyvelaT am moswavleTa
programaSi monawileobdnen,
midrekileba Zaladobisaken. Tobin-
Zalian gansxvavdebodnen erT­
ma da sugaim daaskvnes:
maneTisagan. zogi metismetad
mkacri iyo, zogi ki zedmetad
roca moswavles Zaladobrivi
lmobieri da dakavebis peri­
an araZaladobrivi darRvevebis
odSi moswavleebs did Tav­
gamo aqvs miRebuli sayvedure-
isuflebas aZlevda. ase rom,
bi, maswavleblebma da mSobleb-
direqtoris axalma moadgilem
ma unda daiwyon konkretuli
gadawyvita, Seecvala es poli­
136 klasis marTva

RonisZiebebis gatareba, raTa did dros atarebdnen moswav­

xeli Seuwyon moswavlis pozi- leebTan, raTa kargad gaege­
tiur qcevas. aseTi CareviT binebinaT maTTvis, Tu rogor
SesaZlebelia moswavlis anti- SeiZleboda Cagvris SemTxveve­
socialuri qcevis ufro serio- bis Tavidan acileba. yvela mo­
zulad ganviTarebis Seferxeba. swavles kargad unda gaeazre­
sayuradReboa, rom moswavlis bina safrTxeebi da Sedegebi,
saxelze Tundac erTi sayve- romelic erTmaneTis Cagvras
duris arseboba me-6 klasSi SeiZleboda mohyoloda. kon­
ukve gamafrTxilebeli sig- sultantebi warmatebiT muSao­
nali unda iyos mSoblebisa da bdnen da aRiarebdnen, rom
maswavleblebisaTvis; maT unda programis yvelaze efeqturi
daiwyon Sesabamisi prevenciuli nawili iyo Tavad moswavleTa
zomebis gatareba (gv. 47). gamoyeneba konsultantebad.
me-8 klaseli moswavleebidan
diagrama 8.4-ze mocemulia SeirCa ramdenime, romelmac
korelacia qcevis kategorias, specialuri treningi gaiara
romelic me-6 klasSi gamoyenebul da dabali klasebis moswav­
sayvedurs udevs safuZvlad da leebTan konsultantad daiwyo
me-8 klasSi gamovlenil Zaladobis muSaoba. maTi saqme moicavda
aqtebs Soris. skolebs SeuZliaT, im moswavleebTan saubarsac,
gaiTvaliswinon qcevis kategoriaTa romlebic Cagvris msxverplni
es CamonaTvali da gansakuTrebuli iyvnen. aseve, isini muSaobdnen
yuradReba miaqcion moswavleebs, im me-6 klasel moswavleebTan,
romlebic am niSnebs amJRavneben. romlebsac sayveduri Zala­
magaliTad, Cxubi aris Zlieri in- dobrivi qmedebis gamo hqon­
dikatori imisa, rom moswavle daT miRebuli. profesionali
mogvianebiT Zaladobriv qmedebebs konsultantebi, ra Tqma unda,
Caidens. aseve, Seuracxyofa da dis- monawileobdnen am procesSi da
ciplinis araZaladobrivi darRve- aqtiurad adevnebdnen Tvals
vac SeiZleba momaval problemebze me-8 klaselTa muSaobas me-6
mianiSnebdes. aqve unda aRiniSnos, klaselebTan; isini gaocebas
rom ar SeiZleba, skolam am saxis ver faravdnen, maTi muSaobis
monacemebi moswavleTa sxvadasxva efeqturobis gamo. asakobri­
tipad klasifikaciisaTvis gamoiye- vad patara moswavleebTan ko­
nos. am monacemebis funqciaa im mo- munikaciis dros, rCevebis mi­
swavleTa identifikacia, romelT- cemisa da gamxnevebis procesSi
ac daxmareba sWirdebaT, raTa mo- me-8 klasel konsultantebs sa­
mavalSi Tavidan iqnas acilebuli kuTari me-6 klasis gamocdile­
maTi mxridan disciplinis ufro se- bac Zalian exmarebodaT. am pro­
riozuli darRvevebi. qvemoT moy- gramis Sedegad, me-6 klaseleb­
vanilia magaliTi imisa, Tu rogor is qceva mniSvnelovnad gaum­
unda gamoiyenos skolam aseTi mo- jobesda. aseve, gamoikveTa me-6
nacemebi, raTa Tavidan aicilos mo- klaselTa survili, rom roca
mavali problemebi: me-8 klasSi iqnebodnen, kon­
sultantebad imuSavebdnen.
hardis sabazo skolaSi fsi­
qologiuri konsultantebi
 marTva saskolo doneze 137

debulebs, rom am programas mihyves.

diagrama 8.4 es aris am nabijis Zlieri da, ama-
sayvedurebsa da Zaladobriv vdroulad, susti mxarec. Zlieri
qcevas Soris korelacia me-6 mxarea is, rom maswavleblebis mier
da me-8 klasebSi erTi strategiis mTeli skolis mas-
qcevis kategoria, romelic StabiT gatareba Zalian seriozul
me-6 klasSi miRebul signals warmoadgens moswavleebisa
sayvedurs udevs safuZvlad korelacia da maTi mSoblebisaTvis. susti mxa­
re isaa, rom yvela maswavlebels
Cxubi 0.55
ekisreba valdebuleba, aucileblad
fizikuri Seuracxyofa 0.37 Seasrulos programis pirobebi. es
disciplinis darRvevis 0.35
ki amcirebs maswavlebelTa Tavisu-
araZaladobrivi SemTxveva flebis xarisxs. am Zlieri da susti
mxareebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ganvix-
dakaveba 0.32 iloT fiqris drois xuTi ZiriTadi
wyaro: monacemebi amoRebulia Tobinisa da su- komponenti:
gais naSromidan (1999)
1. disciplinis darRvevis aRn­
iSvna. roca maswavlebeli amCnevs,
rekomendacia 5 q rom moswavle arRvevs disciplinas,
is maSinve aRniSnavs amas. Tu mos-
SeimuSaveT da daamkvidreT skolis wavle yurad iRebs SeniSvnas, kla-
doneze marTvis programa. si Cveulebriv reJimSi ganagrZobs
muSaobas da moswavlis mimarT gan-
wignis wina TavebSi aRvwereT is sakuTrebuli RonisZiebebi ar tar-
programebi, romlebic efeqturia deba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moswavle
konkretul sferoebSi, magaliTad: agrZelebs disciplinis darRvevas,
wesebi da procedurebi, disci- maswavlebeli mas gzavnis `fiqris
plinis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli oTaxSi~.
RonisZiebebi, maswavleblis urT- 2. `fiqris oTaxSi~ wasvla.
ierToba moswavleebTan, mentaluri `fiqris oTaxSi~ moswavlis gagza­
mzaoba, moswavlis pasuxismgebloba vna maswavleblis meTvalyureobis
klasis marTvaze da klasis marTvis qveS xdeba.
pirveli dReebi. TiTqmis yvela is 3. `fiqris drois~ gamokiTx­
programa, romelic am Tavebis far- va. gamokiTxva, romelSic `fiqris
glebSi mimovixileT, exeboda ara oTaxSi~ gamwesebis mizezebi unda
mxolod klasis marTvis erT rome- gamoikveTos, gadamwyveti mniS-
lime aspeqts, aramed, zogadad, mar- vnelobis matarebelia. gamokiTx-
Tvas. magaliTad, ganvixiloT ron vis formas moswavle werilobiT
nelsonisa da beT qaris (1999) pro- avsebs. maswavlebeli, romelic
grama fiqris dro (meoredan meS- `fiqris oTaxSia~, moswavleebs
vide Tavamde moyvanili nebismieri zepiradac gamohkiTxavs SemTxve-
programac analogiurad SegveZlo vis Sesaxeb. gamokiTxvis dros mo-
gangvexila). swavle ayalibebs Semdeg informa-
skolam unda gaiTvaliswinos, cias:
rom klasis marTvis romelime pro- • im qcevis identifikacia, romel-
gramis mTeli skolis masStabiT ic araswor qcevad iqna aRiare-
danergva yvela maswavlebels aval- buli;
138 klasis marTva

• rogor unda Secvalos qceva, `magram Cven solidaroba

roca klasSi dabrundeba da gvWirdeba...~
rogor unda moiqces im SemTx- `xandaxan zedmeti erTg­
vevaSi, Tu analogiuri garemoe- varovneba da Tanmimdevruloba
bebis winaSe isev aRmoCndeba; arc ise dadebiTi maxasiaTebe­
• Tu SeZlebs moswavle, rom realu- lia....~
rad Secvalos sakuTari qceva. `amas Zalian didi dro da en­
asakiT patara moswavleebTan mas- ergia dasWirdeba...~
wavlebelma gamokiTxva SeiZleba qalbatoni feinTeri, sko­
naxatebis saSualebiT Caataros. es lis direqtori, yuradRebiT
imas niSnavs, rom moswavle Cadenil usmenda am diskusias da nel-
darRvevasa da momaval qcevas naxa- nela moTminebas kargavda.
tis saSualebiT gadmoscems. `es diskusia gamosavals ver
gvapovninebs~, _ dasZina man.
4. gamokiTxvis formis Semow­ maswavleblebis msjelobis
meba. `fiqris oTaxidan~ moswavlis sagani iyo disciplinis axali
gaTavisuflebamde maswavlebeli programis mTeli skolis mas­
Seiswavlis gamokiTxvis formas. Tu StabiT danergva. qalbatonma
forma sworadaa Sevsebuli, mos- feinTerma gadawyvita, dis­
wavles SeuZlia, daubrundes Cveu- kusiis warmarTva sakuTar
lebriv mecadineobas. Tavze aeRo: `realoba isaa,
5. klasSi dabruneba. roca mo- rom ukve ori welia, maswavle­
swavle `fiqris oTaxidan~ klasSi blebi Tavad nergavT saklaso
brundeba, im davalebis Sesasrule- disciplinis gaumjobesebaze
blad, romelic moswavlem `fiqris mimarTul programebs. am midg­
oTaxSi~ yofnis dros gamotova, omam Sedegi ver gamoiRo. Cveni
maswavlebeli moswavles damxmare skolac gafarTovda da prob­
Tanatols miuCens. lemebi moemata. me yovelT­
fiqris dro Zalian struq- vis vicavdi Tqvens akademiur
turirebuli programaa. kidev Tavisuflebas da grTavdiT
erTxel vimeorebT, rom erTiani yvelanairi gadawyvetilebis
programis mTeli skolis masSta- miRebis procesSi. asec gagr­
biT gamoyeneba, ra Tqma unda, xazs Zeldeba. am SemTxvevaSi minda,
usvams maswavlebelTa Soris arse- gTxovoT, mxarSi damidgeT da
bul solidarobas, Tumca maTgan erTad davnergoT klasis mar­
im meTodebTan da startegiebTan Tvis saerTo saskolo midgo­
dakavSirebiT SeTanxmebas moiTx- ma.~
ovs, romelsac yvela gamoiyenebs.
amas maswavlebelTagan didi dro
da mondomeba sWirdeba. qvemoT
moyvanilia magaliTi, Tu rogor
Sejameba
SeiZleba, rom skolis maswavle- qcevis marTva aris sakiTxi, romel-
blebma mTeli skolis masStabiT sac yuradReba rogorc klasis, ise
gamosayenebeli programis Sesaxeb skolis doneze sWirdeba. klasis
SeTanxmebas miaRwion: marTvis saerTo saskolo politi-
`ici, yvela moswavles erT­ ka maswavleblebs moswavleTa qce-
nairad ver mivudgebiT... ~ vis efeqtur marTvaSi daexmareba.
 marTva saskolo doneze 139

skolis doneze marTvis praqtika

Semdeg konkretul sakiTxebze
bolo sityva
unda iyos fokusirebuli: gan-
rigTan an garemosTan dakavSire- winamdebare wignSi aRwerilia kv-
buli SesaZlo uaryofiTi qcevis levebze dayrdnobiT SemuSavebuli
prevencia, saerTo saskolo wese- meTodebi, romlebic klasisa da sko­
bisa da procedurebis danergva, lis marTvas exeba. ZiriTadi daskvna
wesebisa da procedurebis dar- Semdegi SeiZleba iyos: qveynis yve-
Rvevebze reagirebis erTvarovani la skolasa da maswavlebels Seu-
formebis danergva mTeli skolis Zlia efeqturi marTvis sistemis
masStabiT, marTvis iseTi sistemis Camoyalibeba. aTwleulebis man-
Camoyalibeba, romelic xels Seu- Zilze Catarebuli kvlevebi naT-
wyobs Zaladobisaken midrekili lad warmoaCenen efeqturi marTvis
moswavleebis adreul identifika- mTavar sakiTxebsa da strategiebs.
ciasa da maTTvis daxmarebis aR- am gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT,
moCenas. klasis marTvis saerTo skolebsa da maswavleblebs Seu-
saskolo programis damkvidreba ZliaT, uzrunvelyon moswavleTaT-
naTeli indikatoria imisa, rom vis usafrTxo, mowesrigebuli da
skola Zalian did yuradRebas uT- pativiscemiT gamsWvaluli garemos
mobs zemoT CamoTvlili sakiTx- Camoyalibeba, rac gazrdis swavli-
ebis mogvarebas. sa da swavlebis efeqturobas.
 danarTi
...
k v l e vis m e T o de b is an alizi

saxelmZRvanelos pirvel TavSi sakvlevi jgufis saSualo maCvenebeli

zogadad mimovixileT metaanalizis _ sakontrolo jgufis saSualo maCvenebeli
_____________________________
meTodi. aq ki am meTodis ufro de-
populaciis standartuli gadaxra
talur analizs warmovadgenT, rad-
gan wignSi mocemuli rekomendacie-
bi swored metaanalizs efuZneba. am formulis mixedviT, sakvlevi
Tu mkiTxvels survili gauCndeba, da sakontrolo jgufebis saSualo
kidev ufro meti gaigos am meTodis maCveneblebis sxvaoba standart-
Sesaxeb, vurCevT, gaecnos naSroms uli gadaxris erTeulebSi aisax-
`klasis marTvaze arsebuli kvleve- eba. am wignis konteqstSi, sakvlevi
bis raodenobrivi sinTezi~ (marza- jgufi iyo klasi, romelSic klasis
no, 2003). am naSromSi winamdebare marTvis SerCeuli meTodi gamoi-
wignis momzadebis procesSi Catare- yeneboda, xolo sakontrolo iyo
buli metaanalizis teqnikuri de- jgufi, romelSic am meTods ar
talebia moyvanili. iyenebdnen. pirvel TavSi, efeqtis
zogadad, metaanalizis proces- sididis ganxilvisas, aRiniSna, rom
Si erT konkretul Temaze Catare- metaanalizis dros yuradRebas va-
buli sxvadasxva kvlevis Sedege- maxvilebT sakvlev da sakontrolo
bis raodenobrivi Sejameba xdeba. jgufebSi disciplinis darRvevis
kvlevebis Sedegebi, rogorc wesi, SemTxvevebis raodenobaze. metaan-
gadayvanilia xolme erTeulSi, alizis dros erTmaneTisagan ar
romelsac efeqtis sidide hqvia. vasxvavebT disciplinis darRvevis
efeqtis sididis formula Semde- xarisxs; Cven gvainteresebs mxolod
gia: disciplinis darRvevaTa raodeno-

140
 danarTi: kvlevis meTodebis analizi 141

ba. am wignSi warmodgenili Sede- dis gamoyenebis Semdeg. klasis mar-

gebis gaazrebisas, mniSvnelovania, Tvis axali meTodis gamoyenebamde,
Semdegi faqtoris gaTvaliswineba: SesaZloa, moswavles, qcevis Tval-
metaanalizSi Sesuli zogi kvleva sazrisiT `kargi dReebi~ (roca
erT moswavleze dakvirvebas, zogi disciplinas ar arRvevda) da `cudi
ki _ mTel klass exeboda. efeqtis dReebi~ (roca disciplinas bevr-
sididis interpretacia, garkveul- jer arRvevda) hqonoda. Tu moswav-
wilad, imisda mixedviT gansxvavde- lis qcevas axali meTodis gamoyen-
ba, adamianTa jgufs exeba is, Tu ebamde, ramdenime Tvis ganmavloba-
erT adamians. ganvixiloT orive Si daakvirdebodiT, miiRebdiT
tipis SemTxveva. ganawilebas, romelic normaluri
Tu kvleva erT moswavleze dak- ganawilebis msgavsia (diagrama a 1).
virvebas warmoadgens, moswavlis yuradReba miaqcieT imas, rom
qceva Seiswavleba rogorc axali diagrama a 1-is mixedviT, moswavlis
meTodis gamoyenebamde, ise klasis mier Cadenil yoveldRiur darRve-
marTvis axali meTodis gamoyenebis vaTa saSualo raodenobaa 4.0, xolo
Semdeg. am procesis teqnikur aR- standartuli gadaxra _ 2.0. axali
weras SegiZliaT gaecnoT naSromSi meTodis gamoyenebis Semdeg ki, mo-
`erT adamianTan dakavSirebuli, swavlis mier Cadenili darRvevebis
drois sxvadasxva SualedSi miRe- ganawileba, SesaZloa, daemsgavsos
buli monacemebis analizi~ (qrosbi, diagrama a 2-is marcxena nawils. am
1993). am SemTxvevaSi efeqtis sidide diagramis mixedviT, axla moswavle
damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad dReSi saSualod 2.5-jer axerxebs
naklebad arRvevs disciplinas mos- disciplinis darRvevas maSin, roca
wavle klasis marTvis axali meTo- axali meTodis gamoyenebamde disci-

diagrama a.1
disciplinis darRvevis SemTxvevebi yoveldRiurad,
klasis marTvis meTodebis gamoyenebamde

saSualo = 4.0
standartuli gadaxra = 2.0
142 klasis marTva

diagrama a.2
SedarebiTi ganawileba, romelic warmoadgens efeqtis sidides _ 0.75

ganawileba ganawileba
marTvis marTvis
meTodebis meTodebis
gamoyenebis gamoyenebamde
Semdeg

saSualo = 2. 5 saSualo = 4. 0
standartuli gadaxra = 2. 0 standartuli gadaxra = 2. 0

plinis darRvevaTa saSualo raode- buli interpretaciisagan, roca

noba iyo 4.0. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT 4.0 iyo erTi moswavlis mier erTi
imasac, rom standartuli gadaxra dRis manZilze Cadenil darRve-
orive SemTxvevaSi aris 2.0, Segvi- vaTa saSualo raodenoba). axla ki
Zlia gamovTvaloT klasis marTvis warmovidginoT, rom diagrama a
axali meTodis efeqtis sidide ((2.5 2-is marcxena mxares warmodgenili
_ 4.0) / 2.0) = -0.75. ase rom, kla- ganawileba mianiSnebs mTeli klasis
sis marTvis axali meTodis efeqtis mier Cadenil darRvevaTa raode-
sididea -0.75. es ki imas niSnavs, nobaze axali meTodis gamoyenebis
rom axali meTodis danergvis Sem- Semdeg. klasis mier disciplinis
deg moswavle, saSualod, 0.75 stan- darRvevebis raodenobam iklo 0.75
dartuli gadaxriT nakleb disci- standartuli gadaxriT. ase rom,
plinis darRvevas axorcielebs. roca saqme gvaqvs erT moswavleze
pirvel TavSi vaxseneT, rom ar- dakvirvebasTan, efeqtis sidide
sebobs gansxvaveba efeqtis sidides exeba erTi moswavlis mier disci-
Soris, roca is exeba adamianTa plinis darRvevaTa raodenobis Sem-
jgufisa da erTi adamianis qcevas. cirebas. roca vakvirdebiT mTel
am gansxvavebis sailustraciod, klass, efeqtis sidide gulisxmobs
warmovidginoT, rom axla diagrama mTeli klasis mier Cadenil discip-
a 1 maTematikis gakveTilze moswav- linur gadacdomaTa Semcirebas.
leTa mier Cadenili disciplinis imisda miuxedavad, moswavles
darRvevebis ganawilebas warmoad- vakvirdebiT Tu mTel klass, Segvi-
gens. am klasSi, mTeli gakveTi- Zlia efeqtis sidide procentilis
lis manZilze, saSualod 4.0-jer klebis maCvenebelSi gadaviyvanoT.
arRveven disciplinas (gansxvave- efeqtis sidide standartuli gad-
biT erT moswavlesTan dakavSire- axris erTeulebiT gamoixateba da am
 danarTi: kvlevis meTodebis analizi 143

diagrama a.3
efeqtis sidideebis procentilis klebaSi gadayvanis cxrili
efeqtis sidide procentilis kleba efeqtis sidide procentilis kleba
0.00 0 - 0. 67 -25
- 0. 02 -1 - 0. 71 -26
- 0. 05 -2 - 0. 74 -27
- 0. 08 -3 - 0. 77 -28
- 0. 10 -4 - 0. 81 -29
- 0. 13 -5 - 0. 84 -30
- 0. 15 -6 - 0. 88 -31
- 0. 18 -7 - 0. 92 -32
- 0. 20 -8 - 0. 95 -33
- 0. 23 -9 - 1. 00 -34
- 0. 25 -10 - 1. 04 -35
- 0. 28 -11 - 1. 08 -36
- 0. 31 -12 - 1. 13 -37
- 0. 33 -13 - 1. 17 -38
- 0. 36 -14 - 1. 23 -39
- 0. 39 -15 - 1. 28 -40
- 0. 41 -16 - 1. 34 -41
- 0. 44 -17 - 1. 41 -42
- 0. 47 -18 - 1. 48 -43
- 0. 50 -19 - 1. 56 -44
- 0. 52 -20 - 1. 64 -45
- 0. 55 -21 - 1. 75 -46
- 0. 58 -22 - 1. 88 -47
- 0. 61 -23 - 2. 05 -48

- 0. 64 -24 - 2. 33 -49

ukanasknelis procentilSi gadayva- rom, klasis marTvis konkretuli

na advilia. magaliTad, ganawilebis meTodis efeqtis sidide -1.00 niS-
Teoriis mixedviT, Cveulebriv, navs Semdegs: sakvlev jgufSi 34
ganawilebis 34 % saSualo qulasa procentiliT naklebi darRveva
da saSualos qvemoT erT stan- dafiqsirda, vidre sakontrolo
dartul gadaxras Soris xvdeba. ase jgufSi. diagrama a 3-ze mocemuli
144 klasis marTva

cxrili dagexmarebaT, rom efeqtis li, sadac dakvirveba mimdinareob-

sidideebi procentilis klebaSi ga- da (Cveulebrivi klasi, specialuri
daiyvanoT. klasi,3 resursebis oTaxi). da bo-
rogorc pirvel TavSi aRin- los, mexuTe sveti klasis marTvis
iSna, am wignis momzadebis peri- im zogad kategoriaze mianiSnebs,
odSi Catarebul metaanalizSi romelTan dakavSirebiTac gamoiTv-
100-ze meti kvleva iqna gamoyeneb- ala efeqtis sidide (wesebi da pro-
uli, romelSic 134 efeqtis sidide cedurebi, disciplina, maswavleb-
dafiqsirda. diagrama a 4-ze moce- lisa da moswavleTa urTierToba,
mulia am kvlevebis detaluri maxa- mentaluri mzaoba, pasuxismgeblo-
siaTeblebi. pirvel svetSi moyva- ba). TiToeuli kvleva, ZiriTadad,
nilia nomeri, romliTac es kvleva erT efeqtis sidides moicavs. Tum-
metaanalizSi Sevida. meore svetSi ca iyo SemTxvevebi, roca kvleva
miTiTebulia miniSneba, anu is, ramdenime kategorias exeboda da
klass exeboda kvleva Tu erT ada- SesaZlebloba gvqonda, erTze meti
mians. mesame sveti miuTiTebs kvle­ efeqtis sidide gamogveTvala.
vaSi CarTul moswavleTa klasze
(dawyebiTi, dawyebiTi safexuris 3 klasi, romelic dakompleqtebulia
bolo klasebi, sabazo/saSualo moswavleTa garkveuli niSnis (akade-
safexuris dasawyisi, saSualo). miuri moswreba, specialuri sagan-
meoTxe svetSi miTiTebulia adgi- manaTleblo saWiroebebi da a.S) mixed-
viT (red. SeniSvna).

diagrama a.4
moswavleTa maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic metaanalizSi iqna
gamoyenebuli
zogadasaganmanaTle- ZiriTadi
kvlevis nomeri aRwera blo skolis safexuri klasi kategoria

1. amerikaneri da
jgufi dawyebiTi Cveulebrivi zogadi
samerlini (1982)

2. eiloni, garberi da dawyebiTi safexu­

jgufi Cveulebrivi disciplina
pisori (1975) ris bolo klasebi

3. eiloni da robertsi dawyebiTi safexu­

jgufi Cveulebrivi disciplina
(1974) ris bolo klasebi

4. beriSi, saundersi da dawyebiTi safexu­

jgufi Cveulebrivi disciplina
vulfi (1969) ris bolo klasebi

5. belaflori da cdis pasuxis­

dawyebiTi specialuri
salendi (1983) erTi piri mgebloba

6. birqimeri da brauni dawyebiTi safexu­ pasuxis­

jgufi Cveulebrivi
(1979) ris bolo klasebi mgebloba

7. blumqvesTi, augusti
dawyebiTi safexu­ pasuxis­
da osTranderi jgufi Cveulebrivi
ris bolo klasebi mgebloba
(1991)

u gagrZeleba
 danarTi: kvlevis meTodebis analizi 145

diagrama a.4
moswavleTa maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic metaanalizSi iqna
gamoyenebuli (gagrZeleba)
zogadasaganmanaTle- ZiriTadi
kvlevis nomeri aRwera blo skolis safexuri klasi kategoria

8. bolstadi da
jgufi dawyebiTi Cveulebrivi disciplina
jonsoni (1972)
dawyebiTi safexu­
9. borgi da asione (1982) jgufi Cveulebrivi disciplina
ris bolo klasebi
10. bornStaini, hamiltoni cdis dawyebiTi safexu­
Cveulebrivi disciplina
da queviloni (1977) erTi piri ris bolo klasebi

11. brodeni, holi da cdis sabazo/saSualo pasuxis­

Cveulebrivi
miTsi (1971) erTi piri safexuris dasawyisi mgebloba

12. brousardi da cdis

dawyebiTi Cveulebrivi disciplina
norTafi (1995) erTi piri

13. brauni, reSli da

jgufi dawyebiTi Cveulebrivi disciplina
sabersi (1974)

14. qristi, hisi da cdis dawyebiTi safexu­ pasuxis­

Cveulebrivi
lozanofi (1984) erTi piri ris bolo klasebi mgebloba

15. klarki da sxvebi cdis dawyebiTi safexu­

Cveulebrivi disciplina
(1995) erTi piri ris bolo klasebi

cdis dawyebiTi safexu­

16. qoulmani (1973) Cveulebrivi disciplina
erTi piri ris bolo klasebi

17. qolozi da sxvebi cdis sabazo/saSualo resursebis

disciplina
(1986) erTi piri safexuris dasawyisi oTaxi

18. qoueni da sxvebi (1979) jgufi dawyebiTi Cveulebrivi zogadi

dawyebiTi safexu­
19. qrosbi (1993) jgufi Cveulebrivi disciplina
ris bolo klasebi
cdis
20. derveuqsi (1984) dawyebiTi Cveulebrivi disciplina
erTi piri
cdis dawyebiTi safexu­ pasuxis­
21. deivisi (1979) specialuri
erTi piri ris bolo klasebi mgebloba
cdis sabazo/saSualo
22. deici (1977) specialuri disciplina
erTi piri safexuris dasawyisi
cdis sabazo/saSualo
23. deici da refi (1973) Cveulebrivi disciplina
erTi piri safexuris dasawyisi
cdis
24. deici da sxvebi (1978) erTi piri dawyebiTi specialuri disciplina

25. dauerTi da dauerTi dawyebiTi safexu­

jgufi Cveulebrivi disciplina
(1977) ris bolo klasebi

u gagrZeleba
146 klasis marTva

diagrama a.4
moswavleTa maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic metaanalizSi iqna
gamoyenebuli (gagrZeleba)
zogadasaganmanaTle- ZiriTadi
kvlevis nomeri aRwera blo skolis safexuri klasi kategoria

pasuxismge-
bloba
26. dauTi (1997) jgufi Cveulebrivi
we­se­bi/pro­
cedurebi

27. drabmani da lei cdis dawyebiTi safexu­

Cveulebrivi disciplina
(1974) erTi piri ris bolo klasebi

cdis
28. drege da beri (1991) dawyebiTi specialuri disciplina
erTi piri

29. danlefi da sxvebi cdis dawyebiTi safexu­

specialuri disciplina
(1995) erTi piri ris bolo klasebi

30. danlefi da sxvebi cdis dawyebiTi safexu­

specialuri zogadi
(1994) erTi piri ris bolo klasebi

31. danlefi da sxvebi cdis dawyebiTi safexu­

specialuri disciplina
(1991) erTi piri ris bolo klasebi

32. elefTeriosi, Saudti

jgufi saSualo Cveulebrivi disciplina
da strengi (1972)
disciplina
wesebi/pro-
sabazo / saSualo
33. emeri da sxvebi (1982) jgufi Cveulebrivi cedurebi
safexuris dasawyisi
gonebrivi
mzaoba
disciplina
wesebi/pro-
dawyebiTi safex-
34. emeri da sxvebi (1981) jgufi Cveulebrivi cedurebi
uris bolo klasebi
gonebrivi
mzaoba
disciplina
wesebi/pro-
35. emeri, everTsoni da dawyebiTi safexu­ cedurebi
jgufi Cveulebrivi
andersoni (1980) ris bolo klasebi gonebrivi
mzaoba
ur­TierToba
36. efStaini, refi da cdis dawyebiTi safexu­
specialuri disciplina
qulineni (1978) erTi piri ris bolo klasebi

37. efStaini da gosi cdis dawyebiTi safexu­

Cveulebrivi disciplina
(1978) erTi piri ris bolo klasebi

38. ivansi da sxvebi cdis sabazo/saSualo

Cveulebrivi zogadi
(1985) erTi piri safexuris dasawyisi

u gagrZeleba
 danarTi: kvlevis meTodebis analizi 147

diagrama a.4
moswavleTa maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic metaanalizSi iqna
gamoyenebuli (gagrZeleba)
zogadasaganmanaTle- ZiriTadi
kvlevis nomeri aRwera blo skolis safexuri klasi kategoria
dawyebiTi safexu­ wesebi/pro-
* 39 a jgufi
ris bolo klasebi Cveulebrivi cedurebi
jgufi dawyebiTi safexu­ wesebi/pro-
* 39 b ris bolo klasebi Cveulebrivi cedurebi
jgufi dawyebiTi safexu­ wesebi/pro-
* 39 g Cveulebrivi
ris bolo klasebi cedurebi
jgufi dawyebiTi safexu­ wesebi/pro-
* 39 d Cveulebrivi
ris bolo klasebi cedurebi
* 39 e jgufi dawyebiTi safexu­ wesebi/pro-
ris bolo klasebi Cveulebrivi cedurebi
* 39 v jgufi saSualo wesebi/pro-
Cveulebrivi
everTsoni (1995) cedurebi

wesebi/pro-
cedurebi
40. ficpatriki da
jgufi saSualo Cveulebrivi disciplina
maqgrili (1983) urTier-
Toba
41. goTfredsoni,
sabazo/saSualo wesebi/pro-
goTfredsoni da jgufi Cveulebrivi
safexuris dasawyisi cedurebi
hibli (1993)

42. grendi, medseni

dawyebiTi safexu­
umcrosi da de jgufi Cveulebrivi disciplina
ris bolo klasebi
mersemeni (1973)

43. grigeri, qaufmani da cdis Cveulebrivi pasuxis­

dawyebiTi
grigeri (1976) erTi piri mgebloba

44. guevremonti da cdis dawyebiTi safexu­ pasuxis­

Cveulebrivi
fosTeri (1993) erTi piri ris bolo klasebi mgebloba

cdis sabazo/saSualo
45. holi da sxvebi (1971) erTi piri specialuri disciplina
safexuris dasawyisi

46. holi, lundi da cdis

dawyebiTi Cveulebrivi disciplina
jeqsoni (1968) erTi piri

cdis dawyebiTi safexu­

47. ivaTa da beili (1974) erTi piri Cveulebrivi disciplina
ris bolo klasebi

48. qenTi da o’leri dawyebiTi safexu­

jgufi Cveulebrivi disciplina
(1976) ris bolo klasebi

cdis
49. qnefziqi (1988) saSualo specialuri disciplina
erTi piri

u gagrZeleba
148 klasis marTva

diagrama a.4
moswavleTa maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic metaanalizSi iqna
gamoyenebuli (gagrZeleba)
zogadasaganmanaTle- ZiriTadi
kvlevis nomeri aRwera blo skolis safexuri klasi kategoria

50. qubani, uaisi da cdis

dawyebiTi Cveulebrivi disciplina
slogeTi (1971) erTi piri

cdis dawyebiTi safexu­

51. lobici (1974) Cveulebrivi disciplina
erTi piri ris bolo klasebi
sabazo/saSualo pasuxis­
52. loxmeni (1992) jgufi Cveulebrivi
safexuris dasawyisi mgebloba
sabazo/saSualo
53. loxmeni da sxvebi Cveulebrivi pasuxis­
jgufi safexuris dasaw-
(1984) mgebloba
yisi
sabazo/saSualo
54. loxmeni da sxvebi Cveulebrivi pasuxis­
jgufi safexuris dasaw-
(1985) mgebloba
yisi
55. loviTi da sxvebi cdis dawyebiTi safex- pasuxis­
specialuri
(1973) erTi piri uris bolo klasebi mgebloba

56. luizeli da sxvebi cdis

dawyebiTi specialuri disciplina
(1981) erTi piri

57. medseni umcrosi, cdis Cveulebrivi

dawyebiTi disciplina
beqeri da Tomasi (1968) erTi piri

58. maglio da cdis

saSualo Cveulebrivi disciplina
maqlaflini (1981) erTi piri

59. marandola da sabazo/saSualo pasuxis­

jgufi specialuri
imberi (1979) safexuris dasawyisi mgebloba

60. marholin II da sabazo/saSualo

jgufi Cveulebrivi disciplina
Stainmani (1977) safexuris dasawyisi

61. maqalisTeri da
jgufi saSualo Cveulebrivi disciplina
sxvebi (1969)

62. maqqeini da qeli cdis sabazo/saSualo

Cveulebrivi disciplina
(1994) erTi piri safexuris dasawyisi

63. midlToni da cdis pasuxis­

dawyebiTi Cveulebrivi
qardeji (1995) erTi piri mgebloba

64. milsi da bulaqi sabazo/saSualo urTier-

jgufi Cveulebrivi
(1996) safexuris dasawyisi Toba
dawyebiTi safex-
65. nei da sxvebi (1976) jgufi Cveulebrivi disciplina
uris bolo klasebi
66. nelsoni da qarsoni dawyebiTi safexu­ pasuxis­
jgufi Cveulebrivi
(1988) ris bolo klasebi mgebloba

u gagrZeleba
 danarTi: kvlevis meTodebis analizi 149

diagrama a.4
moswavleTa maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic metaanalizSi iqna
gamoyenebuli (gagrZeleba)
zogadasaganmanaTle- ZiriTadi
kvlevis nomeri aRwera blo skolis safexuri klasi kategoria

67. o’leri da beqeri

jgufi dawyebiTi Cveulebrivi disciplina
(1967)
dawyebiTi safexu­
68. o’leri da beqeri
jgufi ris bolo klasebi Cveulebrivi disciplina
(1968 – 1969)

69. o’leri, drebmani da dawyebiTi safexu­

jgufi Cveulebrivi disciplina
qesi (1973) ris bolo klasebi

70. oleqsa da formani dawyebiTi safexu­ pasuxis­

jgufi Cveulebrivi
(1984) ris bolo klasebi mgebloba

71. princi, bleCmani da

jgufi dawyebiTi Cveulebrivi disciplina
dumasi (1994)

72. remfi, ulriCi da cdis dawyebiTi safexu­ Cveulebrivi

disciplina
daleni (1971) erTi piri ris bolo klasebi

cdis dawyebiTi safexu­ pasuxis­

73. refi da qerSi (1994) specialuri
erTi piri ris bolo klasebi mgebloba

74. rolinsi da sxvebi sabazo/saSualo

jgufi Cveulebrivi disciplina
(1974) safexuris dasawyisi

75. seiferi, hiToni da

jgufi saSualo Cveulebrivi disciplina
farqeri (1981)

76. selendi da aleni cdis

dawyebiTi disciplina
(1985) erTi piri

77. selendi da gordoni

jgufi dawyebiTi disciplina
(1987)

78. selendi da henri cdis dawyebiTi safex-

Cveulebrivi disciplina
(1981) erTi piri uris bolo klasebi

79. selendi, jenceni da pasuxis­

jgufi dawyebiTi specialuri
gleqi (1992) mgebloba

80. selendi da lembi dawyebiTi safex-

jgufi Cveulebrivi disciplina
(1986) uris bolo klasebi

81. selendi, uiTTeiqeri sabazo/saSualo Cveulebrivi pasuxis­

jgufi
da rideri (1992) safexuris dasawyisi mgebloba

82. sendleri da sxvebi cdis dawyebiTi safex- pasuxis­

specialuri
(1987) erTi piri uris bolo klasebi mgebloba

83. Silini da quvo (1983) jgufi saSualo specialuri disciplina

u gagrZeleba
150 klasis marTva

diagrama A.4
moswavleTa maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic metaanalizSi iqna
gamoyenebuli (gagrZeleba)
zogadasaganmanaTle- ZiriTadi
kvlevis nomeri aRwera blo skolis safexuri klasi kategoria

84. Serili da sxvebi (1996) jgufi dawyebiTi Cveulebrivi disciplina

85. simonsi da uasiki (1973) jgufi dawyebiTi Cveulebrivi disciplina

cdis resursebis pasuxis­

86. smiTi da sxvebi (1988) erTi piri saSualo
oTaxi mgebloba

87. solomoni da Taini Cveulebrivi

jgufi dawyebiTi disciplina
(1979)

88. solomoni da sabazo/saSualo Cveulebrivi pasuxis­

jgufi
ueleri (1973) safexuris dasawyisi mgebloba

89. Stainbeki da sxvebi dawyebiTi safex- pasuxis­

jgufi Cveulebrivi
(1986) uris bolo klasebi mgebloba

90. sterni, fouleri da cdis sabazo/saSualo Cveulebrivi pasuxis­

qoleri (1988) erTi piri safexuris dasawyisi mgebloba

cdis resursebis pasuxis­

91. sugai da rou (1984) saSualo
erTi piri oTaxi mgebloba
cdis dawyebiTi safexu­
92. umbraiTi (1995) Cveulebrivi disciplina
erTi piri ris bolo klasebi
dawyebiTi safexu­
93. van hauTeni da nau (1980) jgufi specialuri disciplina
ris bolo klasebi

94. van hauTeni da cdis sabazo/saSualo

Cveulebrivi disciplina
sxvebi (1982) erTi piri safexuris dasawyisi

95. uiTmani da sxvebi cdis dawyebiTi safexu­ pasuxis­

specialuri
(1982) erTi piri ris bolo klasebi mgebloba

96. uilsoni da sabazo/saSualo

jgufi Cveulebrivi disciplina
hofkinsi (1973) safexuris dasawyisi

97. uilsoni da
jgufi dawyebiTi Cveulebrivi disciplina
uiliamsi (1973)

98. uiTi, henafini da cdis dawyebiTi safexu­

Cveulebrivi disciplina
marTensi (1983) erTi piri ris bolo klasebi

99. vulfi da sxvebi cdis dawyebiTi safexu­

Cveulebrivi disciplina
(1970) erTi piri ris bolo klasebi

100. uuorqmeni da cdis dawyebiTi safexu­

Cveulebrivi disciplina
diqinsoni (1979) erTi piri ris bolo klasebi
dawyebiTi safexu­ resursebis
101. iieli (1986) jgufi zogadi
ris bolo klasebi oTaxi
 g a m oy e n e b u l i lite ratu ra
...

151
152 klasis marTva
gamoyenebuli literatura 153
154 klasis marTva
gamoyenebuli literatura 155
156 klasis marTva
gamoyenebuli literatura 157
158 klasis marTva
 a vt or T a S e s ax e b
...

robert j. marzano moRvaweobs institutSi, romlis

saxelwodebaa `kontinentis centraluri nawilis kvle­
vebi ganaTlebisa da swavlebisaTvis~ (McREL). es in-
stituti mdebareobs avroraSi, kolorados StatSi.
robert j. marzano aris asocirebuli profesori
kardinal sTriCis universitetSi (viskonsinis Stati);
Pathfinder Education Inc. –Si ukavia vice-prezidentis
pozicia; aseve, gaxlavT sakonsultacio firma Marzano
& Associates -is prezidenti (kolorados Stati). sagan-
manaTleblo kvlevebis Sedegebze dafuZnebiT, marzanom
SeimuSava programebi, romlebic zogadsaganmanaTle-
blo skolebSi gamoiyeneba. robert j. marzano saerTa-
Sorisod cnobili treneria; igi 20 wignisa da 150 _ ze
meti statiisa da naSromis avtoria. robert j. marza-
nos naSromebi, ZiriTadad, Semdeg Temebs exeba: werisa
da kiTxvis swavleba, azrovnebis unarebi, skolis efeq-
turoba, Sefaseba, Semecneba, standartebis danergva.
man, saswavlo gegmebis SemuSavebisa da mentorobis aso-
ciaciasTan (ASCD) TanamSromlobiT, gamosca Semdegi
wignebi: `ra ganapirobebs skolis efeturobas: kvleve-
bis kavSiri praqtikasTan~ (2003); `efeqturi swavlebis
saxelmZRvanelo~ (marzano, feinTeri, fiqeringi da gedi,
2001); `efeqturi swavleba skolaSi: kvlevebze dayrd-
nobiT SemuSavebuli meTodebi, romlebic aumjobeseben
159
160 klasis marTva

moswavleTa akademiur moswrebas~ (marzano, fiqeringi

da foloqi, 2001). aseve, robert j. marzano erT-erTi
avtoria wignisa `azrovnebis taqtika~ (saswavlo gegme-
bis SemuSavebisa da zedamxedvelobis asociacia). misi
bolo proeqtia `gzamkvlevi: erTis Zalauflebis kvle­
va~ (Pathfinder Education Inc., 2003). robert j. marzanom
miiRo bakalavris akademiuri xarisxi inglisur enasa da
literaturaSi (ionas koleji, niu iorki), ganaTlebis
magistris akademiuri xarisxi kiTxvisa da enis swavle-
baSi (sietlis universiteti, sietli, vaSingtoni), doq-
toris xarisxi saswavlo gegmebis Seqmnasa da swavlebis
meTodebSi (vaSingtonis universiteti, sietli). robert
j. marzanos sakontaqto informacia _ safosto misa-
marTi: 7127 South Danube Court, Centennial, CO 80016.
telefonis nomeri: 303 – 796 – 7683. eleqtronuli
fostis misamarTi: [email protected]

iana s. marzano bolo 20 wlis manZilze kerZo fsiqoT-

erapevtad muSaobs koloradoSi. is aris licenzire-
buli fsiqologiuri konsultanti; miRebuli aqvs mag-
istris xarisxi profesiul fsiqologiaSi (CrdiloeT
kolorados universiteti). bakalavris xarisxi mieniWa
denverSi, saxelmwifo metropolitur universitetSi
fsiqiatriuli janmrTelobis sferoSi. aris Tanaavto-
ri naSromisa wignierebis Sesaxeb, romelic saerTaSor-
iso wignierebis asociaciam gamoaqveyna. gamoqveynebu-
li aqvs statiebi sxvadasxva Temaze, maT Soris, klasis
marTvaze. misi specializaciis sferoebia: tramvis Sem-
dgomi stresi, ganwyobasTan dakavSirebuli aSliloba,
qorwinebasTan dakavSirebuli fsiqologiuri konsult-
aciebi, mijaWvuloba mavne nivTierebebze an konkretul
qcevaze. sxvadasxva problemur sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT,
aqtiurad muSaobs bavSvebTan da mozardebTan. misi sa-
kontaqto informaciaa _ safosto misamarTi: 7127 South
Danube Court, Centennial, CO 80016. telefonis nomeri:
303 – 220 – 1151. eleqtronuli fostis misamarTi:
[email protected]

debra j. fiqeringi kerZo konsultantia; is aris Tanam-

SromelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis direqtori liTl-
Tonis sajaro skolebSi (liTlToni, kolorado). ukve
25 welia, debra j. fiqringi ganaTlebis sistemaSi moR-
vaweobs. mas miRebuli aqvs sxvadasxva saxis praqti-
kuli gamocdileba, radgan sxvadasxva dros muSaobda,
rogorc: skolis maswavlebeli, raionis maswavlebelTa
profesiuli ganviTarebis koordinatori, saSualo sko­
lis administratorebisa da maswavleblebis konsultan-
ti. debra j. fiqeringi muSaobda kvlevebisa da ganvi-
 avtorTa Sesaxeb 161

Tarebis centrebSic, sadac ikvlevda Semdeg sakiTxebs:

swavlis procesi, saswavlo gegmis SemuSaveba, swavlebis
meTodolgia da Sefaseba, swavlis miznebis Camoyalibeba
da miRweva. Sesabamisad, debra j. fiqerings aqvs rogorc
Teoriuli, ise praqtikuli gamocdileba ganaTleb-
is sferoSi. fiqeringi ganaTlebis specialistebTan
mTeli msoflios masStabiT muSaobs da Teoriisa da
praqtikis urTierTdakavSirebaSi exmareba maT. debra
j. fiqeringi sxvadasxva statiisa da programis avto-
ria, maT Sorisaa `swavlis ganzomilebebi: maswavleblis
damxmare saxelmZRvanelo~ (me _ 2 gamocema) da sxva ma-
salebi, romlebic saswavlo gegmebis SemuSavebisa da
zedamxedvelobis asociaciis swavlis ganzomilebebis
seriiT aris gamocemuli. igi, aseve, muSaobda safuZv-
liani swavlis modelzec, romelic damoukidebeli mo-
swavleebisa da konpleqsurad moazrovne axalgazrde-
bis ukeTesad ganviTarebis saSualebas iZleva. axlaxan
man daasrula muSaoba, rogorc Tanaavtorma, wignze
`efeqturi swavleba skolaSi: kvlevebze dayrdnobiT
SemuSavebuli meTodebi, romlebic aumjobeseben mos-
wavleTa akademiur moswrebas”. am wignSi aTwleulebis
manZilze Catarebuli kvlevebis Sedegebia gamoyenebli
da mocemulia konkretuli rekomendaciebi zogadsa-
ganmanaTleblo skolis maswavleblebisaTvis. debra j.
fiqerings miRebuli aqvs bakalavris akademiuri xarisxi
inglisur enasa da literaturaSi / dramis swavlebaSi
(misuris universiteti), magistris akademiuri xarisxi _
skolebis administrirebaSi (denveris universiteti) da
doqtoris xarisxi _ saswavlo gegmebis SemuSavebasa da
swavlebis meTodebSi, koncentraciiT kognitur fsiqo-
logiaze (denveris universiteti). debra j, fiqeringis
sakontaqto informaciaa _ safosto misamarTi: 10098
East Powers Avenue, Englewood, CO 80111. telefonis
nomeri: 303 – 694 – 9899. eleqtronuli fostis misa-
marTi: [email protected]