P.U.

C II ENGLISH

Key Points to
Remember
 TABLE OF

CONTENTS
I. Romeo and Juliet

II. Too Dear!

III. On Children

IV. Everything I need to know I

learned in the forest

V. A sunny morning

VI. When you are old

VII. The Gardener

VIII To the foot from its child

IX. I believe that the books never

dissapear

X.Japan And Brazil Through A

Travellers
XI. The Voter

XII. Where There is a Wheel

XIV. Water
 CHAPTER I
Romeo and Juliet

William Shakespeare

Romeo speaks about Juliet

Romeo describes the beauty of Juliet.

She teaches the torches to burn the bright.
She is as a rich jewel in an Ethiope's ear.
Her beauty is too good for this world.
She is too dear for the earth.
She is like a white dove among the crows.
Romeo's hand becomes holy if he touches
her.
He did not love such a beautiful lady
earlier.

Juliet speaks about Romeo

Juliet describes Romeo's charm.

Romeo is like a day comes at the night.
He is whiter than a new snow.
She calls the gentle night to witness his
charm.
Romeo should be cut into little stars after
her death.
He would make the face of heaven so fine.
By loving the night, people forget the
garish sun.
 CHAPTER II
Too Dear!

Leo Tolstoy

• There were seven thousand people in the

kingdom of Monaco.
• There was a real kinglet.
• He collected revenue from the gaming house
people played roulette.
• There were taxes on tobacco, wine and spirit
and a poll-tax.
• A man committed a murder in Monaco.
• He was sentenced to death.
• But Monaco had no guillotine and
executioner.
• So they sought the help of France.
• France demanded 16,000 francs to send.
• So the king sought the help of Italy.
• Italy demanded 12,000 francs.
• It was also too much.
• Then the criminal was given life
imprisonment.
• A guard was needed to look after him.
• The man had to be fed.
• The yearly costs were 600 francs.
• It was too much. So the guard was dismissed.
• The criminal ate the food from the palace
kitchen.
• He did not try to escape as his character was
ruined.
• He was finally given yearly pension
• He remained in exile just outside of the
country.
 CHAPTER III

On Children

Kahlil Gibran

The speaker says "your children are not your

children.
• They are the sons and daughters of Life's
longing. They come through the parents but not
from them.
• Though they are with the parents, yet they do
not belong to them. The arrows are children
and bows are parents.
• The parents can give their love but not their
thoughts. Because the children have their own
thoughts.
• The parents may house their bodies but not
their souls. Their souls dwell in the house of
tomorrow.
• The parents cannot visit in their dreams. The
archer is God.
• The arrows are children and bows are
parents. The bending is in the archer’s hand.
• The archer loves the arrow that flies and the
bow that is stable.
 CHAPTER IV

Everything I Need To Know I Learned In The Forest

Vandana Shiva
• Vandana Shiva started her ecological journey in
the forests of the Himalayas.
• She joined the Chipko Movement.
• She liked Bachini Devi who opposed her husband
to cut the trees.
• She used the methods of biodiversity on her
farms.
• She started Navadanya Farm.
• The conservation of biodiversity became the
answer to the food and nutrition crisis. • She
started the Earth University to teach Earth
Democracy.
• Earth Democracy is a shift from
anthropocentrism to ecocentrism.
• Rabindranath Tagore writes an essay "Tapovan".
• Indian culture is with trees, rivers and lakes.
• The forest is the source of beauty and joy, of
harmony and perfection.
• The end of consumerism and accumulation is the
beginning of the joy of living
 CHAPTER V
A Sunny Morning

Serafin and Joaquin Alvarez Quinter

On a sunny morning, Dona Laura was feeding

pigeons with bread crumbs. Laura and Gonzalo
met there.
He sat on the bench with the old lady.
They accused each other for their private seat.
A pinch of snuff helped them to make peace
They sneezed three times each.
Then they began to chat in a friendly manner.
They were old lovers.
He remembered her as "The Silver Maiden".
She did not like to marry a merchant.
The merchant was badly wounded by Gonzalo.
 CHAPTER VI
When You Are Old

W.B Yeats
The speaker had madly fallen in love.
But his beloved never responded to his love.
One day she would become old and her hair
would turn grey. She would lose the soft look of
her deep eyes.
She would feel drowsy and tired all the time.
She would sit by the fireplace sleeping and
warming herself. He wanted her to read his
book of poems.
The others loved her physical beauty. But he
loved her pilgrim soul.
The poet's sad soul would hide itself behind the
stars.
 CHAPTER VII
The Gardener
P. Lankesh
Tammanna came to the garden one day He
was well-versed in agriculture. The income
improved.
The life-style of the owner was completely
changed He became lethargic
His wife felt fear for his adultery. His ten
acre farm grew.
His life was also gradually getting out of
hand. He told a story to the wife of the
owner. Tammanna was Basavaiah's rival.
Tammanna had 1000 acres and Basavaiah had
800 acres. Basavaiah acquired two hundred
acres forcibly.
So Tammanna wanted to put an end to the
rivalry. He started composing poems and
singing them.
The rivalry moved from the visible domain to
the invisible. Basavaiah encroached
Tammanna's land.
Tammanna was ill. His disease was
Basavaiah’s health. He thought of death to
punish Basavaiah.
After a few days he left, Basavaiah died. He
had no more reason to live
Man lives for unbearable vengefulness. He is
so complicated until his death.
 CHAPTER VIII
To The Foot From Its Child

Pablo Neruda

Foot- the symbol of the journey of life

Continuously toiling
The child’s dream-butterfly or an apple.
Hardships teaching the lesson of reality
Soft nails grow into hard opaque substance
Blind foot walks everywhere
Foot descending into underground
Death marks the end of journey
 CHAPTER IX

I Believe That Books Will Never Disappear

Robert Alfino with Jorge Luis Borges

Borges was educated by his father's library

His mother Dona Leonor was an
extraordinary person.
Borges became blind
Blindness was a way of life and a resource
He suffered humiliation and embarrassment.
He wanted to write a history of book. 
Poetry is intimate and essential
It is the aesthetic act.
Book is the most astounding invention of
man. Only the book is man's imagination and
memory.
Borges believes that books would never
disappear.
If books disappear, surely history and man
would disappear.
Because books are the great memory of all
centuries
Time and river, life and dreams, death and
sleep, stars and eyes, flowers and women are
the metaphors.
 CHAPTER X

Heaven, If You Are Not On Earth

Kuvempu
The speaker says that if heaven is not on
earth, it is not elsewhere.
If the people themselves are not gods, there
are no Gods If the people are not nymphs,
they are no nymphs
Murmuring stream, the surf at the end of the
waves, the tender sunshine in the green
gardens and gentle sun-all make this earth
heaven.
Heaven is scattered everywhere in the form
of harvest and moonlight The poet drinks the
nectar of song and creates real heaven on
earth.
 CHAPTER XI
Japan And Brazil Through A Traveler’s Eye

George Mikes

A travelogue-a story of a travel

People and culture of Japan and Brazil
Privacy in Japan
Bowing mania
Making sound while eating soup
Brazilians walk slowly
Driving speedily
Cars are expensive
Life of pedestrians-difficult
The drivers quarrel but no anger or
hostility
Depiction of positive and negative aspects
 CHAPTER XII

The Voter

Chinua Achebe

• Roof was a political campaigner in his village

Umuofia. He was in the service of his village.
He inspired the villagers to vote for Marcus
Ibe
• Marcus Ibe was Minister of Culture in the
outgoing Marcus government. He belonged to
the PAP. He would surely win in the next
election. He was not a successful teacher. He
joined politics from a female teacher's
complaint. Later he would marry her. He
remained devoted to his people. Once he
accused his wife for insulting Roof.
• He named to his new house as Umuofia
Mansions.
• The villagers had given their votes free of
charge five years ago. Now they received four
shillings to vote for Marcus.
• The POP gave Roof five pounds to vote for
Maduka. He also swore in on lyi. At the end,
Roof cut his ballot into two. He put the first
half into Maduka's box (head symbol) and
another half into Marcus Ibe's box (car
symbol). He consoled himself that he had
given justice to both.
 CHAPTER XIII
Where There Is A Wheel

P. Sainath

Cycling became a social movement in

Pudukkottai District.
Sheela Rani Chunkath started the idea of
cycling in 1991.
She included mobility. Jameela Bibi, Fatima
and Avakanni started cycling not give
attention to the dirty remarks. Arivoli
Iyakkam led literacy drive.
Muthu Bhaskaran composed the cycling song
Cycling is a symbol Song. Cycling is the
symbol of Independence, freedom and
Mobility.
N. Kannammal gave the rural women
confidence. Cycling reduced their
dependence on men.
They bring water, sell their agricultural or
other products on their bicycle. It saves
time, increases leisure time.
It boosts income.
It has brought the sense of self – respect
N. Kannammal said, 'It is a Himalayan
achievement’.
 CHAPTER XIV
Water

Challapalli Swaroopa Rani

The speaker describes the agony of the

Panchamas, the wada girl and the incident
of Karamachedu Suvarthamma of water who
opposed the Kamma land lords.
Water is witness to centuries of social
injustice. For the untouchables, it was a
mighty movement. It was Mahad struggle at
the Chadar tank.
They had no water even for a weekly bath.
But the entire village bathed twice a day.
The village Malapalle was burnt into ashes
for a pot. Water is destroyer with tsunami
waves.
This water can create many struggles
between the village and the wada, and
between one states to another.
But it is now in a Bisleri bottle. It has a
new name 'Mineral Water". It has become a
multinational market commodity.
It is omniscient and contains the world
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