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Light Current Systems Course: Eng.: Rizk Magdy

This document provides an overview of fire alarm systems. It defines a fire alarm system as using various devices working together to detect smoke, fire or other emergencies and warn occupants through visual and audio alarms. The purpose is to detect fires, warn occupants, enable evacuation, fight small fires, and notify emergency services. Key components include detectors, manual activation devices, alarms, and a fire alarm control panel. Conventional and addressable panels are discussed along with detector types and placement guidelines.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
705 views

Light Current Systems Course: Eng.: Rizk Magdy

This document provides an overview of fire alarm systems. It defines a fire alarm system as using various devices working together to detect smoke, fire or other emergencies and warn occupants through visual and audio alarms. The purpose is to detect fires, warn occupants, enable evacuation, fight small fires, and notify emergency services. Key components include detectors, manual activation devices, alarms, and a fire alarm control panel. Conventional and addressable panels are discussed along with detector types and placement guidelines.

Uploaded by

Islam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Light Current Systems Course

Eng. : Rizk Magdy

Fire Alarm System


E-hub Academy Official Page : https://www.facebook.com/EngineersHubAcademy1

Light Current Systems Full Course Eng : Rizk Magdy | 01278836181


Fire alarm system
‫نظام انذار الحرٌق‬

‫ ما هو نظام انذار الحرٌق ؟‬

A fire alarm system has a number of devices working together to detect and warn
people through visual and audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or
other emergencies are present. These alarms may be activated automatically
from smoke detectors, and heat detectors or may also be activated via manual fire
alarm activation devices such as manual call points or pull stations. Alarms can be
either motorized bells or wall mountable sounders or horns.

Electrical Distribution Course Eng : Rizk Magdy 01278836181|01066939992


‫ الغرض من نظام انذار الحرٌق ؟‬

‫ الكشف عن الحرٌق وموقعه‬


‫ إنذار شاغلً المبنى فً حالة حدوث حرٌق لتمكٌنهم من الهروب‬
‫ مكافحة الحرٌق فً أول مراحله‬
‫ تبلٌغ أقرب مركز إطفاء‬
‫ تشغٌل بعض أنظمة االطفاء التلقائٌة أو بعض الخدمات المخصصة الغراض الوقاٌة‬
.‫من الحرٌق عن طرٌق لوحة خاصة بالنظام‬

 Difference between fire Alarm system & Fire Fighting system

 Fire alarm system Components :

• Detectors (Sensors )
• Manual station (call Point )
• Alarms
• Fire alarm control Panel

fire alarm stages

Sense Alarm
warn people through horns and
sensing the fire using detectors bells

Electrical Distribution Course Eng : Rizk Magdy 01278836181|01066939992


A- Types of Detectors

1- Smoke detector

 Used for detecting smoke


 Ceiling mounted

‫ٌستخدم فً االماكن التً التحتوي علً دخان فً العادٌة‬ 


‫ النه سجعل نظام انذار الحرٌق‬smoke detector ‫لذلك ال نضع فً المطبخ‬
‫ٌحمل بالخطأ‬

 Symbol

 Cover area with radius = 7.5 m


But for safety we take R=5 m

Electrical Distribution Course Eng : Rizk Magdy 01278836181|01066939992


 Maximum height of smoke detector = 5 m

 Note : if there is a Dead Area between two smoke detectors we have to make
overlap to cover dead area

• We make overlap

2- Heat detector

 Used for detecting Fire


 Same shape as smoke detector
 Symbol :

Electrical Distribution Course Eng : Rizk Magdy 01278836181|01066939992


 Cover area with radius = 5.3m
But for safety we take R=4 m

 Placement :
- Kitchens - pantry
- Generator room - boiler

 Note : if there is a Dead Area between two heat detectors we have to make
overlap to cover dead area

Electrical Distribution Course Eng : Rizk Magdy 01278836181|01066939992


3- Multi-sensor

• Used for detecting heat and smoke


• Same shape as smoke detector
• Symbol :

‫• ٌستخدم فً االماكن التً ٌنتج عن الحرائق فٌها دخان و حرارة‬


: ً‫• تستخدم ف‬
‫ غرف الماكٌنات‬- ‫غرف الكهرباء‬-

 Cover area with radius = 4 m

Electrical Distribution Course Eng : Rizk Magdy 01278836181|01066939992


4- Beam detector

 Consists of transmitter and receiver


 Wall mounted
h>5m ‫ٌستخدم فً االرتفاعات‬ 
‫ٌستخدم فً الموالت‬ 
‫ٌستخدم فً االماكن التً لٌس لها سقف‬ 

`
 Put beam detector every 6 m in height

ً‫ عل‬alarm ‫ النه مصمم انه ٌعمل‬alarm ‫ لو شخص وقف فى المنتصف ال ٌعمل‬


‫الدخان فقط‬

Electrical Distribution Course Eng : Rizk Magdy 01278836181|01066939992


‫‪5- Gas detector‬‬
‫ٌستخدم للكشف عن تسرٌب الغاز‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ٌستخدم فً المطبخ و البنزٌنة‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اي مكان معرض لتسرٌب غاز‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Cover area with radius = 4 m‬‬

‫‪6- Carbon monoxide detector‬‬

‫ٌستخدم للكشف عن تسرٌب غاز ‪ CO‬الناتج من عوادم السٌارات‬ ‫‪‬‬


‫ٌوضع فً الجراجات للكشف عن تسرٌب غاز ‪ CO‬و هو غاز سام‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Cover area with radius = 4 m‬‬

‫‪Electrical Distribution Course‬‬ ‫‪Eng : Rizk Magdy‬‬ ‫‪01278836181|01066939992‬‬


‫جمٌع ال ‪ Detectors‬السابقة تعمل اوتوماتٌكٌا فً حالة وجود حرٌق بانواعه ( دخان ‪ ,‬حرارة ‪).......,‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫فً حالة اكتشاف الحرٌق بواسطة شخص ٌمكنه ان ٌشغل انذار الحرٌق ٌدوٌا عن طرٌق جهاز ‪Manual station‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫الكاسر الزجاجً ‪7- Call points or Manual Station or Break Glass‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Wall mounted‬‬

‫ٌستخدم فً حالة مشاهدة احد االفراد الحرٌق قبل ان ٌعمل ال ‪ detectors‬فٌقوم‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫الشخص بالضغط علً ال ‪ manual station‬فٌطلق االنذار‬

‫ٌوضع عند ابواب الخروج و عند المداخل و ساللم الهروب‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ٌجب ان ال تتخطً المسافة التً ٌحتاج ان ٌمشٌها الشخص لٌصل الً اقرب‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ manual station‬عن ‪ 33‬متر‬

‫‪Electrical Distribution Course‬‬ ‫‪Eng : Rizk Magdy‬‬ ‫‪01278836181|01066939992‬‬


B- Alarms

manual station ‫• توضع فوق كل‬


220cm ‫• علً ارتفاع‬

1- Bells

2- Bells with strobe light (flash Light)

‫( لتصدر صوت و ضوء‬flash Light ‫عبارة عن اجراس بها‬

Electrical Distribution Course Eng : Rizk Magdy 01278836181|01066939992


3- Horn

4- Horn with strobe light

Electrical Distribution Course Eng : Rizk Magdy 01278836181|01066939992


c- Fire Alarm Control Panels

1- Conventional fire alarm control panel

 Consist of zones

 Any Zone ended with resistance to damping the voltage


[24VDC]

 If any sensor operate all zone will be operate so can't know


the area of fire [Main Disadvantage]

 Used in less important area because if sensor is failure all


above sensor will be out of service [open loop]

 Used if number of sensor low

 Less cost

Electrical Distribution Course Eng : Rizk Magdy 01278836181|01066939992


2- Addressable fire alarm control panel

 Consist of loops

‫ٌتم معرفة مكان الحرٌق بالتحدٌد‬ 

 Used if number of sensor high

 Less cost

 Used in important area

 No of detectors per loop = 100 – 150 detector

Electrical Distribution Course Eng : Rizk Magdy 01278836181|01066939992


‫لو كان عندي مبنً مكون من اربع طوابق ٌفضل وضع كل دور علً ‪loop‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫منفصلة و اٌضا ٌمكن ربط دورٌن معا علً ‪ loop‬واحدة‬

‫التطبٌق العملً علً المشروع ‪:‬‬


‫‪ -1‬نقوم بتوزٌع ال ‪ detectors‬كما تم الشرح من قبل‬
‫‪ -2‬نقوم بتوصٌل ال ‪ detectors‬و عمل كل دور علً ‪loop‬‬

‫‪Electrical Distribution Course‬‬ ‫‪Eng : Rizk Magdy‬‬ ‫‪01278836181|01066939992‬‬


: ً‫ و ٌكون كالتال‬SLD ‫ نقوم برسم ال‬-3

Electrical Distribution Course Eng : Rizk Magdy 01278836181|01066939992

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