Part 2

Equipment and Tools

Internal Use Only

916
 Basic Parts of a Mobile Coiled Tubing Unit

Crane

Tubing Guide
Control
House
Reel
Injector

Well control
Stripper/ BOP

Power Pack

Internal Use Only

These are the basic components of a CT unit. The tubing guide takes the tubing from the reel and
guides it into the injector.
The injector equipped with two sets of chains help the tubing run into and out of the well.
Then we have the BOPs and the Stripper as our well control equipment. The BOP’s have different
rams which proved functions ranging from the defense to the well pressure to holing the tubing to
cutting the tubing in case of any emergency.
The power pack provides all the hydraulic power for running the unit.
The control house houses all the controls for running the unit and the tubing.
It also houses the DAS where we can record the job data. In S. TX all the units are equipped with
DAS except 1 30K but it will also be upgraded to the DAS soon.

917
 Basic Parts of a Mobile Coiled Tubing Unit

Coiled
Tubing

Injector

Control BOP´s Crane

House Reel

Power
Pack Wellhead

Internal Use Only

918
 CT components

• Tubing Guide

• Injector
• Stripper
• BOPs

Well Head

Internal Use Only

These are the basic components of a CT unit. The reel stores all the tubing.
The tubing guide takes the tubing from the reel and guides it into the injector.
The injector equipped with two sets of chains help the tubing run into and out of the well.
Then we have the BOPs and the Stripper as our well control equipment. The BOP’s have
different rams which proved functions ranging from the defense to the well pressure to holing
the tubing to cutting the tubing in case of any emergency.

919
 Tubing Guide (Goose Neck, Arch)

API Recommendations

• Dia. tbg Radie

• (in.) (in.)
• 1-1/4 48 to 72
• 1-1/2 48 to 72
• 1-3/4 72 to 96
• 2 72 to 96
• 2-3/8 90 to 120
• 2-7/8 90 to 120
• 3-1/2 96 to 120

Internal Use Only 5

Tubing guide arches mount on top of the injector. The design and radius of each arch are
typical with all job set ups and conditions. Arches with a larger radius have been found to
work the best in extending tubing life but newer design include a “progressive radius” feature
and some provide a “rollerless” design.

920
 Injector Head Basics

Internal Use Only

As its name implies. An injector moves CT into the well and at the same time making a pressure tight
connection.

Pressure inside the well exert even greater pressures when inserting or pulling tbg. Injectors are able to work
against these pressure while maintaining the exiting pressure inside the well.

Injectors have roller chains and gripper blocks that hold tbg in place and aids injecting tbg into the BOP
mounted on top of the well.

These units have hydraulic powered motors that are bidirectionals and have gear reduction capabilities.

The size of an injector is based on its maximum pull capacity. i.e. 30K can pull 30000 lbs, 60 K can pull 60,000
lbs etc.

The V blocks grippers shown here are an exclusive Halliburton design that allows the use of tapered OD strings.
Gripper are mounted within the injector assy and reduce the chance of tbg running away.

Reduce the need to change out when working with different tbg sizes.

921
 Weight Indicating Sensor

Pin/Sensor Front

Pin/Sensor
Rear

Internal Use Only 7

While not a sensor, the load Ping gauge electronically measures the straing of weight on
tubing relative to the well head. It isolates this information and sends its signal to the Unipro
II system

You can find its location on the mounts at the bottom of the injector.

922
 Stripper Packer

•Helps to isolate the wellhead

pressure while running the
Coiled tubing into the hole or
pulling out of the hole.

Internal Use Only

Stripper packes are the primary well control device in CT ops and mounted on the BOP stack.
Packers work in conjuction with elastomers elements that seal around pipe to prevent annular
pressure leaks.

Stripper packers come in two types; top loading strippers for 38K units and sidewinders for 60K units.

It is important to know that using sidewinder stripper packers is advantageous when testing BOPs on
the job, specially when using long tool strings.

The stripper (sometimes referred to as a packoff or stuffing box) provides the primary operational
seal between pressurized wellbore fluids and the surface environment. It is physically located
between the BOP and the injector head. The stripper provides a dynamic seal around the CT during
tripping and a static seal around the CT when there is no movement. The latest style of stripper
devices are designed with a side door, that permits easy access and replacement of the sealing
elements, with the CT in place. The BOP is situated beneath the stripper, and can also be used to
contain wellbore
pressure.

923
 Blow Out Preventer (BOP)
•Blind Ram- Seals the
wellbore when the CT is
out of the BOP

•Shear Ram – Use to

cut the CT

•Slip Ram – Support

CT weight hanging below
it.

•Pipe Ram – Seals

around the CT.

Internal Use Only

BOP work a safety system for injection into a life well. And is controlled from the Control House.
The BOP is place between below the stripper and above the well head.
BOPs come in various sizes and types depending on the application and work in conjuction with an accumulator packer.
BOPs have diffferent rams that can be operated from the house

1.Blind rams isolate wellbore fluids and contain pressure when there is no coiled tubing in the blowout preventer.
2.Shear rams have cutting blades to shear coiled tubing.
3. Slip rams or gripping rams hold the coiled tubing to prevent it from being pushed out of the well or from falling down the
well.
4. Pipe or tubing rams seal around coiled tubign to isolate well bore fluid and contain pressure.

WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT

Proper well control equipment is another key component of CT operations, given that a majority of these operations are
performed in the presence of surface wellhead pressure. Typical CT well control equipment consists of a BOP topped with a
stripper (high pressure CT units have two strippers and additional BOP components). All components must be rated for the
maximum wellhead pressure and temperature possible for the planned field operation.
A CT BOP is designed specifically for CT operations. It consists of several pairs of rams, with each ram designed to perform
a specific function. The number and type of ram pairs in a BOP are determined by the BOP configuration: single, double, or
quad. A quad system is commonly used in most operations.

The four BOP rams, from top to bottom and their associated functions are:
• Blind ram - seals the wellbore when the CT is out of the BOP
• Shear ram - used to cut the CT
• Slip ram - supports the CT weight hanging below it (some are
bi-directional and prevent the CT from moving upward)
• Pipe ram - seals around the hanging CT
Standard CT BOPs also contain two equalizing ports, one on each side of the sealing
rams. It also has a side outlet between the slip and shear rams. This outlet can be used
as a safety kill line. BOPs are available in a range of sizes, and normally follow the API
flange sizes.

924
 Control
House
Reel

PowerPack

Internal Use Only

925
 Reel
Level Wind
Drum

Swivel

Internal Use Only

The reel stores all the tubing. Essentiallly, reels are used for winding and unwinding coiled tubing;
stores the tubing for transport and keeps the tbg in good working condition.

Available in offshore and land based designs, reels also provide tension during coiled tubing
operations. The max. size of a reel is determined by the maximum diameter of tbg it can carry.

Main parts are

the rotating swivel that allow for fluid injection while RIH.
Level wind assembly that evenly wraps the tubing on and off the reel.

Newer designs are shaftless, enabling even more tubing to be carrie on one reel.

926
Models of Reel and Capacities

Hydra-Rig Reel Model/Configuration

Tubing Size 1015 2015 3015
1-1/4-in. 15,000 22,500 25,000
1-1/2-in. 10,000 15,100 22,000
1-3/4-in. N/A 11,200 15,000
2-in. N/A 8,500 11,000
2-3/8-in. N/A N/A N/A

Internal Use Only 12

927
Reel Capacity Tolerance
Reel Capacity:
L = (A + C) (A) (B) (K)
A
Where:
L = Reel Capacity (ft)
A = Height of Arrangement (in.)
B = Wide of the Drum (in.)
C = Core diameter (in.) C
K = Constant (depends of CT Diameter)
1-1/4 = 0.168
1-1/2 = 0.116
1-3/4 = 0.086
2 = 0.066

Internal Use Only 13

928
 Hydraulic Power Pack

Internal Use Only

The power pack provides all the hydraulic power for running the unit.

Depending of its size, a power pack may be a one piece skid mounted engine, or mounted directly to
the CT unit.

929
 Control House

Internal Use Only

The control house houses all the controls for running the unit and the tubing.
It also houses the DAS where we can record the job data. In S. TX all the units are equipped with
DAS except 1 30K but it will also be upgraded to the DAS soon.

930
 DAS (Data Acquisition System)

Benefits

•Real time fatigue

•Real time forces interaction
•Instantaneous job analysis
•Safe operations

Internal Use Only

Gathering and monitoring information is vital to any coiled tubing job. Tracking all these complicated
variables takes sophisticated software specifically designed to make this aspect easy to understand
to keep CT job operating in safe, efficient manner.

The CT system has three important element.

Unipro II provide real time information. Calculates tbg stresses as well as tubing collapse and
potential fatigue.
CT WIN: CTWin is part of the Halliburton Suite designs to measure real-time concering densities,
pressures and rates. CT Win provides the necessary information for the HES Cerberus CT modeling
Software.

Cerberus provides a full suite of modeling software designed to perform a variety of pre calculations
and simulations.

It can also track the used life of coiled tubing by calculation pipe fatigue during real time or post job
situations. Working in conjuction with CT win, cerberus has a hydraulics simulator and the capability
to work with join pipe as well.

931
 CT Plastic Deformation Points

•CT is plastically deformed with normal use.

•Plastic deformation of material imparts fatigue

on the CT string, and fatigue continues to
accumulate over the life of the CT string

•Extreme fatigue leads to fatigue cracks and

CT string failure.

•Plastic deformation can be described as

deformation that remains after the load causing
it is removed.

•The CT string is then plastically deformed at

the same three points during retrieval from the
well.

Internal Use Only

For standard CT operations, the tube is plastically deformed as the tube is straightened
coming off the reel at point 1 as shown below in Figure above. It is then bent at point 2
as it moves onto the guide arch, and is straightened again at point 3 as it travels to the
injector and enters the wellbore. The CT string is then plastically deformed at the same
three points during retrieval from the well.

932
Exercise #3 – Quiz ( 10 min Break)
1. Name three main advantages of Mobile Standard Coiled Tubing Unit?

2. For a standard ___________, the maximum tensile force that the injector can
apply is __________lb.
a) 30K Unit, 30,000 lbf.
b) 60K Unit, 38,000 lbf.
c) 60K Unit, 60,000 lbf.
d) A & C
3. On standard Oil field operations, a common size of coiled tubing is:
a) 1.25 inch
b) 1.50 inch
c) 7 inch
d) All of the above
e) A & B.
4. What are the main Coiled tubing Unit Components/Parts?

5. What is the function of the stripper and BOPs?

Internal Use Only

933
Exercise #3 – Quiz ( 10 min Break)
1. Name three main advantages of Mobile Standard Coiled Tubing Unit?

2. For a standard ___________, the maximum tensile force that the injector can
apply is __________lb.
a) 30K Unit, 30,000 lb.
b) 60K Unit, 38,000 lb.
c) 60K Unit, 60,000 lb.
d) A&C
3. On standard Oil field operations, a common size of coiled tubing is:
a) 1.25 inch
b) 1.50 inch
c) 7 inch
d) All of the above
e) A & B.
4. What are the main Coiled tubing Components?
Control house, Power Pack, Reel, Tubing Guide/injector and BOP/strippe
5. What is the function of stripper and BOPs? Primary seal between pressurized
wellbore and the surface environment. It provides a dynamic seal around the CT
during tripping and a static seal around the CT.
The BOP’s have different rams to defense to the well pressure to holing the tubing
to cutting the tubing in case of any emergency

Internal Use Only

934
Coiled Tubing Analogy
Control House

Power Pack Reel Guide/Injector Well Control

Stripper/BOP

Well

Internal Use Only

935
 Basic Coiled Tubing Bottom Hole Assembly

End of
Coiled
Tbg

Single Slip
Check Hydraulic Nozzle
Tubing
Valve Disconnect
Connector Head

Internal Use Only

CT operations require use of special tools at the end of the tubing depending on the type of
the applications. To connect these tools to the CT we need a connector. The TEC
connectors allow operators to connect tools to the end of the tubing for different applications.
We have different type of connectors available – internal and external. The external
connectors have a larger OD but they offer a good through bore whereas the internal
connectors have the same OD as that of the CT but offer a reduced through bore.

936
 Tubing End Connector (TEC)
Single Roll On
Slip
• Used to attach various
tools to the end of tubing
• Ease of make up to pipe
• Strength
• External (larger OD but
good through bore)
• Internal (same OD but
reduced through bore)

Internal Use Only

CT operations require use of special tools at the end of the tubing depending on the type of
the applications. To connect these tools to the CT we need a connector. The TEC
connectors allow operators to connect tools to the end of the tubing for different applications.
We have different type of connectors available – internal and external. The external
connectors have a larger OD but they offer a good through bore whereas the internal
connectors have the same OD as that of the CT but offer a reduced through bore. The
picture here is of a roll on internal type of connector which is fast and easy to install. Used on
wide variety of service type applications, even those which do not require an o-ring seal.
Goes inside the coiled tubing thus reducing the ID. Sizes: 1” thru 2”

937
 Back Pressure Valve

• To prevent wellbore fluids from

entering the string when not pumping
treating fluids
– Ball and seat / Dart type
• No passage for ball
– Flapper type
• Allows passage for the ball

Internal Use Only

BPV attaches below the CT connector. It is designed to prevent flow back up the CT. there are
different types available - …. We use a double flapper valve. It also prevents corrosive fluids such as
sour gas from entering up the tubing. Here it is important to remember that sometimes balls need to
be pumped through the flapper valve to tools below. So care should be taken to ensure that the
flapper valve chosen will allow the ball to pass through. Tool OD Sizes:1.75”, 2.25”, & 2.88” Hydraulic
Disconnect is designed to provide an emergency release point in the BHA. It is connected below the
BPV so that if we disconnect the BHA, we still have prevention from the wellbore fluids. The
disconnect is actuated by circulating a ball through the CT and pressurizing up to a predetermined
pressure and shearing a set of pins. When the pins shear, a lug prop shifts downward and allows a
set of lugs to retract from under a lip on the bottom sub. Once the lugs retract, the top portion of the
disconnect and all tools above it can be removed from the well. Allows run, set, and release of tubing
hangers with velocity strings. Tool OD Sizes : 1.81”, 2.25”, & 2.88”

938
 Hydraulic Disconnect

• Serves as an emergency
release if tools are stuck
• Leaves a fishing neck
for subsequent fishing
• Attached below the
backpressure valve
– ball activated

Internal Use Only

BPV attaches below the CT connector. It is designed to prevent flow back up the CT. there are
different types available - …. We use a double flapper valve. It also prevents corrosive fluids such as
sour gas from entering up the tubing. Here it is important to remember that sometimes balls need to
be pumped through the flapper valve to tools below. So care should be taken to ensure that the
flapper valve chosen will allow the ball to pass through. Tool OD Sizes:1.75”, 2.25”, & 2.88” Hydraulic
Disconnect is designed to provide an emergency release point in the BHA. It is connected below the
BPV so that if we disconnect the BHA, we still have prevention from the wellbore fluids. The
disconnect is actuated by circulating a ball through the CT and pressurizing up to a predetermined
pressure and shearing a set of pins. When the pins shear, a lug prop shifts downward and allows a
set of lugs to retract from under a lip on the bottom sub. Once the lugs retract, the top portion of the
disconnect and all tools above it can be removed from the well. Allows run, set, and release of tubing
hangers with velocity strings. Tool OD Sizes : 1.81”, 2.25”, & 2.88”

939
Wash Nozzles
Nozzles
• Scale Removal
• Sand Washing

Internal Use Only

940
 Consideration for a Coiled Tubing Job

• Safety
• Application Type
• Well Characteristics/History
• Pre-Job Planning
– Equipment selection
– Clearances between CT / toolstring and wellbore
– Hydraulics calculations
– Tubing mechanics
– Computer modelling
• Operational Considerations
– Tubing Management / Volume Limitations
– Job time
• Space Limitations
• Environment

Internal Use Only

The first thing to be considered while planning or designing any CT job is the safety. Since we do all
different kinds of operation with CT, the planning depends upon what application we are to do. Each
application has special needs and ways that are to be followed and taken care of. The planning
involves selecting eth right kind of equipment for the job, see that there is enough clearance between
the tools that we are using and the wellbore.
Then we do some hydraulics and forces calculation using some of the tools that are available to us
and see if can do the job in the way we want to do in an efficient and a safe manner or not. Some of
the operational concerns involve volumes, how much fluid we need to pump or if we have to take any
special precautions while pumping any chemical or acid. Also how much job time are we looking at
and if the job is a 24 hour operation then we need to arrange for relief crews. Or are there any special
concerns with regard to the space available at the location.
Good communication with customer/coordinators
Well Information
Accurate wellbore geometry
Directional Survey
Completion products and workover history
Description of fluids and gases in the wellbore
Pressure information of the well
Any special requirement / concern

941
Coiled Tubing Summary

• Understanding of Coiled Tubing Concept

– Runs and retrieves a continuous string of tubing into a well
– Can continuously pump fluids into well while moving pipe
– Can be on live wells
• Develop basic knowledge of Coiled Tubing Surface
– Control House
– Reel
– Injector and Tubing Guide
– Well Control Equipment. Stripper and BOPs
– Power Pack

Internal Use Only

942
Coiled Tubing Summary

• Coiled Tubing Applications and basic tools

• Right in the middle
• Nitrogen Jetting
• Scale Removal
• Washing Sand and Fill
• Siphon String
• Sand clean out
• Remedial Cementing
• Stimulation
• Fishing
• Perforating

Internal Use Only

943