SECTION A
1-i
“Computer hardware specification:
a CPU: intel core I5 9400F
The Intel Core i5-9400F incorporates more processing cores than the Intel i3-9100F
processor. Large number of cores helps this microprocessor to handle multiple processes or
heavily multi-threaded tasks.
The CPU officially supports faster memory with 2666 MHz data rate, for that reason it has
11% higher memory bandwidth, which is very beneficial to programs, dealing with large data
sets. It also improves performance to some degree in non-memory bound applications.
b MOBO: Gigabyte H370N WIFI
A motherboard is one of the most essential parts of a computer system. It holds together
many of the crucial components of a computer, including the central processing unit (CPU),
memory and connectors for input and output devices
The Gigabyte H370N WIFI is an ultra durable motherboard with intel CNVi WIFI ready. It
support 9th and 8th GEN intel core processors.
c RAM: GSKill AEGIS 8GB DDR4 3000mhz
RAM stands for random-access memory, which makes it possible to find specific information
very quickly. It is a form of fast- access, volatile storage that is used as the main memory in
computer systems. The most widely used form of RAM for the main memory is dynamic
RAM (DRAM)
The GSKill AEGIS 8GB DDR4 3000mhz has a high speed data processing up to 3000MHz
amd it provides with 8Gb capacity with the memory type DDR4.
d GPU: ASUS TUF GTX 1660 Super OC 6GB DDR6
The Graphics Card is responsible for rendering an image to your monitor, it does this by
converting data into a signal that the monitor can understand.
The better your graphics card the better, and smoother an image can be produced. This is
naturally very important for gamers and video editors.
e PSU: FSP HYDRO 500W
A power supply unit (or PSU) converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the
internal components of a computer. Modern personal computers universally use switched-
mode power supplies. Some power supplies have a manual switch for selecting input voltage,
while others automatically adapt to the mains voltage.
f SSD: Corsair Force MP510 NVME
A solid-state drive (SSD) is a new generation of storage device used in computers. SSDs
replace traditional mechanical hard disks by using flash-based memory, which is significantly
faster. Older hard-disk storage technologies run slower, which often makes your computer
run slower than it should. SSDs speed up computers significantly due to their low read-access
times and fast throughputs.
g HDD: WD 1TB
A hybrid hard drive (HDD) is a storage device that incorporates both the storage capacity of a
hard disk drive and the performance and speed of a solid state drive by engaging rotating
platters from hard disk drives and a small portion of high-speed flash memory together in a
single drive. It monitors the data being accessed from the hard drive and uses 128 MB or
more of the high-speed flash memory to cache the most frequently accessed bits.
h WIFI: Tplink TL-WN821N Wireless N 300Mbps
It is a technology that allows devices to interface with internet.
i CASE: Antec DP 301M
A computer case provides two things for a computer. First, it provides a standardized format
for the installation of non-vendor-specific hardware. Secondly, it protects that hardware and
helps to keep it cool.
j KEYBOARD: logitech G213 prodigy
A computer keyboard is an input device used to enter characters and functions into the
computer system by pressing buttons, or keys. It is the primary device used to enter text. A
keyboard typically contains keys for individual letters, numbers and special characters, as
well as keys for specific functions.
k MOUSE: Logitech G103
A computer mouse is an input device that is used with a computer. Moving a mouse along a
flat surface can move the cursor to different items on the screen. Items can be moved or
selected by pressing the mouse buttons (called clicking).
l MONITOR: Dell P217H 23”
A computer monitor is a display adapter that displays information processed by the
computer's video card. When a video card or graphics card converts binary information from
1s and 0s into images, these images are displayed onto the directly connected monitor.
m HEADPHONE: Logitech
headphones are a hardware output device that either plug into a computer line out or
speakers. Headphones allow you to listen to audio or watch a movie without disturbing
people around you.
1-ii
Application software that can be installed:
a. Microsoft office 2019 (word, excel, powerpoint, outlook)
Microsoft Office is a collection of office-related applications. Each application serves a
unique purpose and offers a specific service to its users. For example, Microsoft Word is used
to create documents. Microsoft PowerPoint is used to create presentations. Microsoft
Outlook is used to manage email and calendars.
b. Internet browser (mozila firefox, google chrome)
Internet browser is a software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web.
When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the web browser retrieves the
necessary content from a web server and then displays the page on the user's device.
System softare is a technology that is used to control the computer hardwares activity. The
system software that can be installed is;
a. Microsoft windows 10 pro 64bit
Microsoft Windows is a graphical operating system developed and published by Microsoft. It
provides a way to store files, run software, play games, watch videos, and connect to
the Internet. The Microsoft windows 10 pro 62bit is the latest version of Microsoft windows
that have a better features for users.
b. Kaspersky Antivirus 2020
Kaspersky anti-virus 2020 is a solution to provide protection against viruses and other threats.
Kaspersky Anti-Virus features include real-time protection, detection and removal
of viruses, trojans, worms, spyware, adware, keyloggers, malicious tools and auto-dialers, as
well as detection and removal of rootkits.
1-iii
Proposal to setup computer laboratory
Introduction:
This proposal is written to explain a little bit about the setup of a computer laboratory with 30
computers. The computer laboratory must have access to the Internet, latest specifications for
each computer and Wi-Fi facility with the budget of RM 5,500 per computer including the
software and hardware.
Objective:
To Analyse and justify the latest computers specifications for the computer lab.
Analyse and justify the Application Software and System Software to be installed in the
computer lab within the budget.
Project cost estimate:
No Type Quantity Price per unit
(RM)
1 CPU: intel core I5 9400F 30 699
2 MOBO: Gigabyte H370N WIFI 30 605
3 RAM: GSKill AEGIS 8GB DDR4 3000mhz 30 169
4 GPU: ASUS TUF GTX 1660 Super OC 6GB 30 999
DDR6
5 PSU: FSP HYDRO 500W 30 253
6 SSD: Corsair Force MP510 NVME (240 GB) 30 258
7 HDD: WD 1TB 30 149
8 WIFI: Tplink TL-WN821N Wireless N 30300Mbps 30 230
9 CASE: Antec DP 301M 30 259
10 Keyboard: logitech G213 prodigy 30 129
11 Mouse: Logitech G103 30 68.88
12 Monitor: Dell P217H 23” 30 589
13 Headphone: Logitech 30 168.59
1 Microsoft office 2019 (word, excel, powerpoint, 30 199
outlook)
2 Internet browser (mozila firefox, google chrome) 30 Free
3 Media player 30 Free
4 Auto CAD 30
1 Microsoft windows 10 home 64bit 30 499
2 Kaspersky Antivirus 2018 30 159
Total 5433.47
Conclusion
Overall, the selected specification is still on the budget given by the principal. I hope all this
proposal will be considerate and accepted by the principal and administration.
SECTION A
2-i
The networking devices that is needed for the college ABC building is:
a Routers
A router is a devices that connect between 2 or more network to forward data from
one network to other networks. Routers perform the traffic directing function on the
internet. It is used to delivering data packets across the internet network until it
reaches its destination.
b Modems
A modem enables a computer to connect to the internet over a telephone line. A
modem converts digital signals from a computer to analogue signals that are then sent
down the telephone line. A modem on the other end converts the analogue signal back
to a digital signal which another computer can understand.
c Hubs
HUB is a common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are devices
commonly used to connect segments of a LAN. The hub contains multiple ports.
When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of
the LAN can see all packets.
d Bridges
A bridge is used to connect two separate LAN networks. A computer can act as a
bridge through the operating system. A bridge looks for the receiving device before it
sends the message. This means that it will not send a message if the receiving
computer is not there. It will check to see if the receiver has already had the message.
This can help save unnecessary data transfers, which improves the performance of a
network.
e Switches
A switch performs a similar role to a hub and a bridge but is more powerful. It stores
the MAC addresses of devices on a network and filters data packets to see which
devices have asked for them. This makes a switch more efficient when demand is
high.
f Wireless acess points
Wireless access points (WAPs) are required to connect to a network wirelessly.
WAPs are usually built into the broadband router
On this scenario, the type of network that should be deploy in college ABC building is Local
Area Network (LAN). LANs can connect groups of computer and low voltage devices
together across short distance within a building or between a group or two or three buildings
in close proximity to each other to share information and resources.
2-ii
I would recommend hybrid topologies for College ABC buildings. Hybrid topologies is a
topologies that uses two or more network topologies. In this situation a mix topologies from
star and bus topologies is the most suitable for ABC buildings. We can use the bus topologies
for the two lab that consist of 20 computer each and the star topologies for the computer
networking on the lecture room, reception desk and for both lectures and administration staff.
Bus topology
A bus topology is a topology for a Local Area Network (LAN) in which all the nodes are
connected to a single cable. The cable to which the nodes connect is called a "backbone". Bus
topologies are relatively easy to install and don't require much cabling compared to the other
alternatives.
Star Topology
A star topology is a topology for a Local Area Network (LAN) in which all nodes are
individually connected to a central connection point, like a hub or a switch. A star takes more
cable than a bus topology, but the benefit is that if a cable fails, only one node will be brought
down.
Advantages of hybrid topologies:
It is reliable: fault detection and troubleshooting is easy in this type of topology. The part
in which fault is detected cab be isolated from the rest of the network and required
corrective measures can be taken without affecting the function of the network.
Scalable: it is easy to increase the size of network by adding new component without
disturbing existing topology.
Flexible: hybrid network can be design according to the requirement of the organization
and by optimizing the available resources.
2-iii
lab
Level 3
Lecture room
Level 2
Recipient desk,
Lecture room
lab
Level 1
ISP, Internet service provider Wireless router
Router computer
switch laptop
SECTION B
1-i
1. users can vary their search engine
Search engine sort through about a million active websites to provide users with content.
For example, google usually returns the greatest variety of result and has the catalogue of
pages.
2. use specific keywords
Keywords are the terms that is use to find content on the internet. Making keywords as
specific as possible will help the search engine to track down the information that users
want. For example, if user want to find an exhibition stand design, so they should type
exhibition stand design on their search engine.
3. simplify search terms
Some search engines include stop words in their searches. Such as prepositions (in, of,
on), conjunction (and, but) which mean that users will end up with more pages in their
search result.
4. use quotation marks
Enclosing a search term within quotation marks prompts the search engine to search for
that specific word or phrase. Some of search engine allows to search specific word by
preceding them with the (+.-) symbol.
5. refine the search using operators.
Combination search, the (or,and) operator enables users to search for two or more terms
simultaneously. The example of usage, when user type (selling OR retailing) the search
engine will find either one of the terms.
1-ii
a. Sender creates and send an email
The sender creates an email in their Mail User Agent (MUA) and clicks ‘send’. MUA
is an application that the sender uses to compose and read mail.
b. Sender’s MDA/MTA routes the email
The sender’s MUA tranfers the email to a Mail Delivery Agent (MDA).
c. Network cloud
` An email can encounter a network cloud within a large company or ISP, or the largest
network cloud that is Internet.
d. Email queue
The email in the diagram is addressed to someone at another company, so it enters an
email queue with other outgoing email messages. If there is a high volume of mail in
the queue, either because there are many messages or the messages are unusually
large, or both. The message will be delayed in the queue until the MTA processes the
messages ahead of it.
e. MTA to MTA transfer
MTA handles all aspects of mail delivery until the message has been either accepted
or rejected by the receiving MTA.
f. - Firewalls, spam and virus filters
An email may be transferred to more than one MTA within a network cloud and is
likely to be passed to at least one firewall before it reaches it's destination. Spam is
difficult to detect because it can be at many kind of forms. So the spam filter has
made the criteria that must be passed before the delivery process begins.
- Delivery
The MTA calls a local MDA to deliver the mail to the correct mailbox, where it
will sit until it is retrieved by the recipient's MUA.
- RFCs
Request For Comment (RFCs) is a document that define email standards.
1-iii
When using an e-mail, it use the full duplex transmission mode which means the data
transmission can be transmitted in both directions on a signal carrier at the same time.
Section B
2-i
Fiber optic cable, twisted pair cable and coaxial cable are three major types of network cables
used in communication systems.
Fiber optic cable
Fibre optic cable ia a type of Ethernet cable which consist of one or more optic cable that are
used to transmit data. Fibre optic cable transmits data as a pulses of light that go through tiny
tubes of glass. Fiber optic cable can be divided into single mode fiber (SMF) and multimode
fiber (MMF). Single mode optical fiber has a small core, and only allows one mode of light
to propagate at a time. While multimode fiber cable comes with a larger core and is designed
to carry multiple light rays or modes at the same time. The common single mode fiber cable
is OS2 cable, and multimode fiber cable is OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4, and OM5.
Twisted pair cable
Twisted pair cable is often used for telephone communications and most modern Ethernet
networks. It is a kind of wiring in which two conductors of a single circuit are twisted
together. A pair of wires forms a circuit that can transmit data. And the pairs are twisted
together to provide protection against crosstalk, the noise generated by adjacent pairs.
There are two types of twisted pair Ethernet cable:
a unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
b shielded twisted pair (STP).
The commonly used UTP copper cable is Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a and Cat7. The STP copper
cable has a foil-wrapped outside on each pair of wires. The four pairs of wires then are
wrapped in an overall metallic braid or foil, usually 150-ohm cable. STP cable has a better
capacity of resisting noise than UTP cable, even if both of them can be used in 10GBASE-T.
Coaxial cable
Coaxial cable is designed to transmit high-frequency signals. It’s comprised of a round
copper conductor and three layers of insulation and shielding which prevents crosstalk from
motors, lighting and other sources of EMI. With the shield construction, the coaxial cable can
support longer cable lengths between two devices.
The different between fiber optic cable, twisted pair cable and coaxial cable.
Cable type Fiber optic cable Twisted pair cable Coaxial cable
Speed 10/100/1000 Mbps, Up to 10 Gbps -
10/40/100/200 Gbps
Bandwith Up to 4700 MHz Up to 4700 MHz 750 MHZ (default)
Advantages Can be bundled cheap very durable
together easy to work performs best
EMI-resistant performs best over over short
Performs well short distance range distance
over long distance
Disadvantages expensive to lower durability signal lost over
install susceptible to EMI long distance
harder to install higher attenuation signal leak
susceptible to speed
being cut or fluctuations
damaged under heavy
usage
As a summary, the twisted pair cable are the most cost-effective option among coaxial and
fiber optic cable because it perform best in short distance range, easy to work with it and cost
effectively. Even though fiber optic cable offers a big benefits in terms of the flexibility of
bandwidth and reliability, but it is not as widespread as coaxial cable or twisted pair cable,
and fiber optic cable is fragile and thinner than twisted pair cable and coaxial cable, which
make it need more cares to install, operate and maintain. Compared with twisted pair cable,
coaxial cable can reach longer distance. However, due to the dielectric insulator around the
core copper in coaxial cable, it is difficult to install and maintain coaxial cable.
2-ii
Networking hardware and network management software that is needed for setting up a basic
wired network for a small office:
Standard office system: Network technology required:
5 x main Pc/desktop 1 x router
1 x printer 1 x 8 port network switch
1 x internet connection Patch cable
1 x backup device (network attached 1 x print server
system, NAS)
Diagram below shows a simple network connection with storage printer sharing and desktop
working collaboratively”
Main office
Manager office
