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First Activity HIST 101

1) History is defined as a record of past events based on documented accounts and narratives. It has traditionally focused on political events but should include all people's histories. 2) Sources of historical information can be primary sources like documents, artifacts, and eyewitness accounts or secondary sources like history books that analyze primary sources. 3) Primary sources directly involve events while secondary sources analyze events through primary sources. There are also general references like book summaries that point to primary or secondary sources. All sources require internal and external criticism to validate authenticity and accuracy.

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147 views2 pages

First Activity HIST 101

1) History is defined as a record of past events based on documented accounts and narratives. It has traditionally focused on political events but should include all people's histories. 2) Sources of historical information can be primary sources like documents, artifacts, and eyewitness accounts or secondary sources like history books that analyze primary sources. 3) Primary sources directly involve events while secondary sources analyze events through primary sources. There are also general references like book summaries that point to primary or secondary sources. All sources require internal and external criticism to validate authenticity and accuracy.

Uploaded by

Asuna Yuuki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HIST 101

BSCRIM 1

A. Meaning and Relevance of History


History was simply a narrative account of past events. As a word, it entered the English
language from the French formulation of histoire, the Latin notion of historia, and the Greek
construction of istoria, each of which represented the basic sense of a knowledge of the past.
History can be defined as everything that has happened or occurred from the beginning of time to
the last instance. As a record, it is a documented history of a man and his society. Hall
Distinguished professor of American History at the University of Kansas, USA, Worster says
that history has mostly been understood as a chronology of political events-the rise and fall of
kingdoms and their rulers-a simplistic notion that presumes that those who did not record their
history did not have one.

B. Sources of History
Sources are very important, in the study of history. The concept of ‘primary’ and
‘secondary’ sources is key to studying and writing history. A ‘source’ is anything that provides
information, from a manuscript where words tell you things to clothes that have survived
centuries and provide details on fashion and chemistry. There are also some sources such as
relics, fossils, remain, and memorabilia. In the study of Philippines history, sources are called
batis which also means stream or a spring. A batis therefore is the spring of historical
information. The usual batis are documents especially archival documents.

C. Types of Historical Sources


There are two types of sources in history the primary sources and the secondary sources.
Primary sources are considered as the lifeblood of history. De Viana (2015)
states that the primary source directly talks about the subject matter. Accounts of people who are
direct participants or eyewitness to an event are also primary sources. Primary sources can
include paintings, manuscripts, chancellery rolls, coins, letters and more.
Secondary sources are documents or works made by individuals who are not directly
involved to the events or made by people who obtained the information from somebody else or
from primary sources. Secondary sources can include history books, articles, and  encyclopedia
entries.
There is also a third classification of sources called general reference. A general reference
merely points the reader to the primary or secondary source. Examples are the contents of a card
catalogue. Even incomplete information in the internet called stubs considered as abstract or
summaries of book is also a general reference.
D. Internal and External Critisism
All sources of historical data must be subjected to rigorous scientific analysis to
determine both their authenticity and their accuracy. Furthermore, historical data are subjected to
rigorous scientific analysis through external and internal criticism (Gottchalk, 1969).
External criticism is a process by which historians determine whether a source is authentic by
checking the validity of the source. Internal criticism is the establishment of accuracy and the
worth of the data it looks at the reliability of an authenticated source after it has been subjected
to external criticism.

E. Repositories of Primary Sources


Ayala Museum
Archivo General de la Nacion
National Archives and Records Administration
National Museum of the Philippines
Library of Congress
National Historical Commission of the Philippines
National Archives of the Philippines
National Library of the Philippines

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