BIO_ALL IN1_StGd_tese_ch13 8/7/03 5:13 PM Page 296
Name______________________________ Class __________________ Date ______________
Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering
Section 13–1 Changing the Living World (pages 319–321)
This section explains how people use selective breeding and mutations to
develop organisms with desirable characteristics.
Selective Breeding (pages 319–320)
1. What is meant by selective breeding? Only animals and plants with desired characteristics are
allowed to produce
Only animals the next
and plants generation.
with desired characteristics are allowed to produce the next generation.
2. Circle the letter of each organism that has been produced by selective breeding.
a. horses b. dogs c. cats d. potatoes
Hewas
3. Who was Luther Burbank? He was aa selective
selective plant
plant breeder
breeder who
whodeveloped
developeddisease-resistant
disease- resistant
potatoes
potatoes to help fight potato blight to help
in Ireland, fightaspotato
as well blight
over 800 in Ireland,
varieties as well
of other as over 800
plants.
varieties of other plants.
4. Complete the compare-and-contrast table of types of selective breeding.
SELECTIVE BREEDING
Type Description Examples
Hybridization Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring Disease-resistant Burbank potato
Hybridization together the best of both organisms Disease- resistant Burbank potato
Inbreeding The continued breeding of individuals Maintaining dog breeds
Inbreeding with similar characteristics Maintaining dog breeds
5. Is the following sentence true or false? Hybrids are often hardier than either of the
parents. True true .
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6. What two plant traits did Luther Burbank try to combine in his crosses?
a. Disease
Diseaseresistance
reistance
b. Food-producing
Food- producingcapacity
capacity
7. Is the following sentence true or false? To maintain the desired characteristics of a line of
organisms, breeders often use hybridization. False false
8. Most members of a breed are genetically Similar similar .
9. What are the risks of inbreeding? There is always a chance that a cross between two
individuals will bring
There is always together
a chance two
that recessive
a cross allelestwo
between for individuals
a genetic defect.
will bring together two
recessive alleles for a genetic defect.
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Increasing Variation (pages 320–321)
10. Why are biologists interested in preserving the diversity of plants and animals in the
Selective breeding
wild? Selective breeding would
wouldbe
benearly
nearlyimpossible
impossiblewithout
withoutthe
thewide
widevariation found
variation in in natural
found
populations
natural populations.
11. Is the following sentence true or false? The genetic variation that exists in nature is
enough to satisfy the needs of breeders. False false
mutations
12. Breeders can increase the genetic variation by inducing Mutations , which
are the ultimate source of genetic variability.
13. Circle the letter of an inheritable change in DNA.
a. variation b. trait c. mutation d. genotype
14. Is the following sentence true or false? Mutations cannot occur spontaneously.
False false
15. Name two methods used by breeders to increase the rate of mutation.
a. Radiation
Radiation b. Chemicals
Chemicals
16. Is it easy for breeders to produce mutants with desirable mutations? Explain.
No,many
No, manymutations
mutationsare
areharmful,
harmful, and
and it requires
it requires luck
luck andand perseverance
perseverance to produce
to produce a few
a few mutants
mutants with desirable characteristics that are not found in the original population.
with desirable characteristics that are not found in the original population.
17. Why are radiation and chemicals useful techniques for producing mutant bacteria?
The
The smallsize
small sizeofofbacteria
bacteriaenable
enablemillions
millions of
of organisms
organisms to be treated
treated at
at the
the same
sametime,
time,thus
thus increasing the
chances of producing a useful mutant.
increasing the chances of producing a useful mutant.
18. Is the following sentence true or false? Scientists have produced bacteria that can
digest oil. True true
19. What technique do scientists use to produce mutant plants? Scientists use drugs that
prevent chromosomal separation during meiosis. separation during meiosis
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Scientists use drugs that prevent chromosomal
20. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about polyploidy.
a. Polyploid plants have many sets of chromosomes.
b. Polyploidy is usually fatal in animals.
c. Polyploidy produces new species of plants that are weaker and smaller than their
diploid relatives.
d. Bananas and some citrus fruits are polyploid.
