Right sided HF Left sided HF

Cause It often occurs when the weakened  when the left ventricle, the heart’s main pumping power
and/or stiff left ventricle loses power source, is gradually weakened. 
to efficiently pump blood to the rest causes can include:
of the body. Cocaine use    
 Cardiomyopathy
 Coronary artery disease      Cocaine use
 Diabetes      Diabetes
 Heavy alcohol use    
 High blood pressure        Heavy alcohol use
 Obesity      High blood pressure  
 Pulmonary edema  Obesity
 Pulmonary embolism  Sleep apnea
 Pulmonary hypertension  Tobacco use
 Pulmonic stenosis
 Sleep apnea    
 Tobacco use

Clinical S/Sx  Awakening at night with  Awakening at night with shortness of breath
shortness of breath      Shortness of breath during exercise or when
 Shortness of breath during lying flat
exercise or when lying flat  Chronic coughing or wheezing
 Coughing      Difficulty concentrating
 Wheezing      Fatigue
 Difficulty concentrating      Fluid retention causing swelling, or edema, in
 Dizziness     the ankles, legs and/or feet
 Fatigue      Lack of appetite and nausea
 Fluid retention causing  Rapid or irregular heartbeat
swelling in the ankles, legs,  Sudden weight gain
feet and/or abdomen    
 Increased urge to urinate    
 Lack of appetite and
nausea    
 Difficulty exercising    
 Sudden weight gain

Complications  Angina  Angina

 Atrial fibrillation  Atrial fibrillation
 Cardia cachexia  Cardia cachexia
 Heart valve issuesHeart  Heart valve issues
attack  Heart attackImpaired kidney function
 Impaired kidney function  Liver damage
 Liver damage  Right-sided heart failure

management Use of various of drugs is the mode  Reduce fluid retention and the loss of potassium
of therapy however mechanical  Open narrowed blood vessels to improve blood
devices may be provided like flow
ventricular assist devices and  Reduce blood pressure and slow a rapid heart
counter pulsation. rhythm
  Increase blood flow throughout the body and
-supplement oxygen reduce swelling
-give digoxin, inotropes  Reduce fluid by promoting urination
-reduce workload and preload  Prevent blood clots
-position the client in high fowler  Lower cholesterol
-reduce fluid retention by controlling
sodium and water

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Systolic dysfunction Diastolic dysfunction

Cause  Alcohol abuse Aging is the most common cause of this stiffening of the
 Drug abuse heart. In fact, it's estimated that more than 50% of adults
 High blood pressure of over the age of 70 have diastolic dysfunction.
Other causes include:

 High blood pressure

 Uncontrolled diabetes
 Kidney dysfunction and
 Some cancers and genetic disorders, in rare
cases

Clinical S/Sx  Chest pain  Awakening at night with shortness of breath

 Persistent cough  with  Breathlessness or shortness of breath during
blood-tinged or pink, foamy exercise or when lying flat
mucus  Coughing or wheezing, sometimes with white or
 Decreased alertness or pink phlegm
difficulty concentrating  Difficulty concentrating
 Fatigue and/or weakness  Fatigue
 Lack of appetite and  Fluid retention causing swelling in the ankles,
nausea legs, feet and/or abdomen
 Rapid or irregular heartbeat  Lack of appetite and nausea
 Reduced exercise tolerance  Rapid or irregular heartbeat
 Shortness of breath during  Sudden weight gain
exertion or which causes
you to wake up (dyspnea)
 Sudden weight gain from
fluid retention
 Swelling (edema) of the
abdomen 
 Swelling (edema) in your
legs, ankles, and feet

Complications  Impaired kidney  Anemia

function: Decreased kidney  Atrial fibrillation
function is common in  Cardia cachexia
patients with systolic heart  Impaired kidney function.
failure. Kidney disease can  Leg venous stasis and ulcers
also make heart failure  Stroke
 Liver damage: Fluid
backing up from the heart
puts pressure on the liver
that can cause scarring,
 which makes it harder for
the liver to function
properly.

management Heart failure is a chronic disease  A Healthy Lifestyle 

needing lifelong management.  Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE
Depending on your symptoms, you Inhibitors) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
might take one or more medications, (ARBs), which relax blood vessels to improve
including: blood flow. 
 Beta-blockers, which can reduce blood pressure
 Aldosterone antagonists and slow a rapid heart rhythm.
 Angiotensin-converting  Calcium-channel blockers and long-acting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitors nitrates to relax blood vessels, especially those
 Angiotensin II receptor that feed the heart muscle.
blockers  Diuretics to reduce your body’s fluid content by
 Angiotensin receptor- promoting urination.
neprilysin inhibitor  Vasodilators to open blood vessels if you
 Beta blockers cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors or ARBs.
 Digoxin
 Diuretics
 F-channel blocker
 Inotropes  Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVAD) 
 Heart Transplant 

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