SELF ASSESSMENTS
EXERCISE 7.1
Identify elements undergoing oxidation and reduction in the following reactions:
1. N2 + 3H2
2NH3
2. 2H2 + O2
2H2O
3. Fe2O3 +3CO
2Fe+ 3CO 2
4.
4Al + 3O2
2Al2O3
Solution:
1. Element undergoing oxidation is H2 Elements undergoing reduction is N2
2. Elements undergoing oxidation is H2 Elements undergoing reduction is O2
3. Elements undergoing oxidation is CO Elements undergoing reduction is Fe
4. Elements undergoing oxidation is Al Elements undergoing reduction is O2
SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE 7.2
In the following reactions, identify which element is oxidized and which element is
reduced.
Mg + S
MgS
4Na + O 2
2Na 2 O
2Al + 3Cl2
2AlCl3
Mg + H 2
MgH 2
Solution:
Mgo + So -----> Mg+2S-2
In this reaction S is reduced and Mg is oxidized. Because on reactant side S have zero
oxidation state but on product side its oxidation state is -2 so it gain the electrons.Mg is
oxidize because Mg have zero oxidation state on the reactant side but on product side its
oxidation state is +2 so it loose the electrons.
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Sir Amjad Ali-55348203 (Chem-IX-Chap 7- S.A)
o o
Na + O2 -----> Na22 (+1) O-2
In this reaction O2 is reduced and Na is oxidized. Because on reactant side O 2 have zero
oxidation state but on product side its oxidation state is -2 so it gain the electrons.Na is
oxidize because Na have zero oxidation state on the reactant side but on product side its
oxidation state is +1 so it loose the electrons.
o o
Al + Cl2 ---------> Al+3Cl3 3 (-1)
In this reaction Cl2 is reduced and Al is oxidized. Because on reactant side Cl2 have zero
oxidation state but on product side its oxidation state is -1 so it gain the electron.Al is
oxidize because Al have zero oxidation state on the reactant side but on product side its
oxidation state is +3 so it loose the electrons.
o o
Mg + H2 ---------> Mg+2 H2 2(-1)
In this reaction H2 is reduced and Mg is oxidized. Because on reactant side H 2 have zero
oxidation state but on product side its oxidation state is -1 so it gain the electron.Mg is
oxidize because Mg have zero oxidation state on the reactant side but on product side its
oxidation state is +2 so it loose the electrons.
SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE 7.3
One major problem of air pollution is the formation of acid rain. Air pollutants such as
SO2 and NO2 combine with oxygen and water vapours in the air to form H2SO4 and HNO3.
These acids fall to the ground with the rain, making the rain acidic. Clouds can also absorb the
acids and carry them hundreds of kilometer away from where the pollutants are released.
Determine the oxidation number of N in NO2 and HNO3, S in SO2 and H2SO4.
Solution:
Oxidation number of N in NO2 and HNO3
NO2
Let Oxidation number of N = x
Oxidation number of O = -2
By substituting these values in NO2, we get
x + 2 (-2) = 0
x–4=
x=+4
HNO3
Let Oxidation number of N = x
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Sir Amjad Ali-55348203 (Chem-IX-Chap 7- S.A)
Oxidation number of O = -2
Oxidation number of H = +1
By substituting these values in HNO3, we get
+1 + x + 3(-2) = 0
+1 +x – 6 = 0
x = + 6 -1
X = +5
Oxidation number of S in SO2 and H2SO4
SO2
Let Oxidation number of S = x
Oxidation number of O = -2
By substituting these values in SO2, we get
x+ 2 (-2) = 0
x -4 = 0
x= +4
H2SO4
Let Oxidation number of S = x
Oxidation number of H = +1
Oxidation number of O = -2
By substituting these values in H2SO4, we get
2(+1) +x+ 4 (-2) = 0
+2+ x -8 = 0
x = -2 +8
x= +6
SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE 7.4
1. The torch cell discharges electricity because of an oxidation- reduction reaction that takes
place between zinc and manganese dioxide.
Zn + 2MnO2 + H2O Zn(OH)2 + Mn2O3
Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in this reaction.
2. Identify oxidizing and reducing agents in the following reactions:
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Sir Amjad Ali-55348203 (Chem-IX-Chap 7- S.A)
a) 2S+Cl2 S2Cl2
b) 2Na + Br2
2NaBr
c) H2 + S
H2S
Solution:
1. Oxidizing agent is MnO2 Reducing agent is Zn
2. a. Oxidizing agent is Cl2 Reducing agent is S
b. Oxidizing agent is Br2 Reducing agent is Na
c. Oxidizing agent is S Reducing agent is H2
SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE 7.5 (a)
1. Sketch an electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of fused KCl
2. Electrolytic cell shown in figure 7.6 is used for the electrolysis of fused sodium chloride.
Indicate the direction of flow of electrons. Identify anode and cathode.
Figure 7.6: Electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of fused NaCl
Solution:
1.Sketch of electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of fused KCl can be draw same as above fig 7.6
just write the K+ instead of Na+ in the beaker.
2. Electron flow from anode (Pt) to cathode(pt).
SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE 7.5 (b)
Sketch a voltaic cell labeling the cathode, the anode and the direction of flow of the electrons.
Use the following chemicals:
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Sir Amjad Ali-55348203 (Chem-IX-Chap 7- S.A)
Silver, Zinc, Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) and zinc sulphate (ZnSO4).
(Hint: Zn is more active than Ag)
Solution:
Sketch a voltaic cell as above just change the copper electrode with silver and change the copper
sulphate solution with silver nitrate solution. Also change the Cu +2 and SO4-2 ions with Ag+1 and
NO3-1 in the right beaker. In this voltaic cell direction of the flow of electrons will be from zinc
(anode) to silver (Cathode).
SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE 7.6
Identify the half-cell in which oxidation occurs and the half cell in which reduction
occurs in the following voltaic cell (figure 7.8).
Figure 7.8: Voltaic cell
Following reactions occur in the cell.
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Sir Amjad Ali-55348203 (Chem-IX-Chap 7- S.A)
At Anode Zn (s) Zn+2 (aq) + 2e-
At cathode 2H+ (aq) + 2e - H2 (g)
Solution:
Zn half cell is a oxidation half cell because there is a loss of electrons from zn metal.
H2 half cell is a reduction half cell because there is a gain of electrons in hydrogen ion.
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Sir Amjad Ali-55348203 (Chem-IX-Chap 7- S.A)
