International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 4 Issue 6, September-October 2020 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Rice Husk Ash on

Compressive Strength and Durability of Sustainable
Pavement Quality Concrete
Mukul Kumar1, Prof. A. K. Jha2
1M Tech Scholar, 2Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
1,2Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Mukul Kumar |

There is developing enthusiasm for the development of solid asphalts, because Prof. A. K. Jha "Utilization of Sugarcane
of its high quality, sturdiness, better usefulness and by and large economy Bagasse Ash and Rice Husk Ash on
over the long haul. The push these days is to deliver more slender and green Compressive Strength and Durability of
asphalt segments of better quality, which can convey the hefty burdens. The Sustainable Pavement Quality Concrete"
high quality is a solid having compressive quality more prominent than Published in
40MPa, made of pressure driven concretes and containing fine and coarse International Journal
totals; the current investigation targets, creating asphalt quality solid blends of Trend in Scientific
fusing sugar stick bagasse debris and rice husk debris incomplete substitution Research and
of concrete. The point is to the plan of piece thickness of PQC asphalt utilizing Development (ijtsrd),
the accomplished flexural quality of the solid blends. In this examination, ISSN: 2456-6470,
compressive quality for asphalt quality solid blends for various rate Volume-4 | Issue-6, IJTSRD33460
substitution of concrete are accounted for. It is discovered that it is October 2020,
conceivable to accomplish reserve funds in concrete by supplanting it with pp.604-613, URL:
sugar stick bagasse debris and rice husk debris. This investigation additionally www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33460.pdf
shows that considering the high quality, high estimations of compressive
quality the 20% supplanting of concrete with sugar stick bagasse debris is Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and
ideal for plan of Pavement Quality Concrete (PQC). International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development Journal. This
KEYWORDS: Compressive strength, Slump value, Rice Husk Ash, Sugar Cane Ash, is an Open Access article distributed
Pavement Quality Concrete under the terms of
the Creative
Commons Attribution
License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

I. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is basically a mixture of two components: and in which the force of worries from traffic loads requires
Aggregates and paste. The paste comprises cement, valuable significantly more profundity to decrease. Both the base and
establishing or beneficial cementitious materials and water. sub-base layers in adaptable asphalts contribute essentially
It ties the totals (sand and rock or squashed stone) into a to the basic properties of the asphalt. Solid acts more like a
stone like mass. The reason for existing is to make up for up scaffold over the sub-grade. Substantially less weight is set
the shortcomings and accompany thick and solid materials. on the material underneath the solid, than bituminous
The fine totals make up for up the shortcomings shaped by asphalts. Since the primary segment of solid asphalt was
the coarse totals; and concrete makes up for up the shortfalls finished in 1893, concrete has been currently broadly
of the fine totals. Lesser the voids more would be the quality utilized for clearing the expressways and air terminals just
of cement. The concoction response of the cementitious as business and private roads. It is resolved that in the
materials and water is called hydration. It is the cycle by ordinary third-point bowing test, the quality of SFRC is
which glue solidifies and ties the totals. The high modulus of around 50 to 70 percent more than that of the plain solid
versatility and unbending nature of cement contrasted with blend. So with the incorporation of steel strands the section
other street making materials gives a solid asphalt a sensible thick gets diminished and henceforth is extremely practical.
level of flexural or shaft quality. This property prompts a The most critical impact of the joining of steel strands in
more extensive appropriation of remotely applied wheel concrete is to defer and control the malleable splitting of the
loads. This thus restricts the weights applied to the sub- composite material. This decidedly impacts mechanical
grade. The significant part of the heap conveying limit of a properties of cement. These improved properties coming
solid asphalt is thusly given by the solid layer alone. Its about SFRC being an achievable material for solid street
thickness is basically dictated by the flexural quality of the asphalts. The work will comprise of development of un-
solid and by the size of the wheel or hub loads. Sub-bases strengthened, dowel jointed, plain concrete solid asphalt as
don't make a noteworthy auxiliary commitment to solid per the prerequisites of these Specifications and in congruity
asphalts. On the other hand, an adaptable asphalt is a with the lines, evaluations and cross areas appeared on the
structure containing various layers of bound or unbound drawings. The work will incorporate outfitting of all plant
materials which can have an assortment of surface therapies and gear, materials and work and playing out all activities

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regarding the work, as affirmed by the Engineer. with Rice Husk Ash of both the evaluations were contrasted
and that of the high-quality cement without Rice Husk Ash.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW As the substitution level expands there is decline in parting
Nagrale et al. (2019) in their paper "Usage of Rice Husk Ash" rigidity at 28 days period of restoring for both M40 and M50
contemplated different properties like functionality of the evaluations of cement by 5 to 10%. The parting elasticity for
solid blend when we supplant concrete by 15% RHA both M40 and M50 evaluation of cement was 3.98MPa and
contrasted with our typical standard Portland concrete solid 4.19MPa individually at 15% substitution.
blend. The fine total utilized is characteristic sand adjusting
to Zone II and standard sand of Grade 2. The coarse total Uduweriya et al. (2017) in their paper "Examination of
utilized are of sizes 20 mm and 12.5mm. Concrete utilized is Compressive Strength of Concrete Containing Rice-Husk-Ash
of 43 evaluations. The blend extent utilized is M20. Three " explored the aftereffects of three diverse substitution rates
w/c proportions were utilized for example 0.45, 0.5, 0.6. The of RHA in concrete (10%, 20% and 30% by mass of concrete)
Concrete Slump esteems diminishes with the expansion of were contrasted and the solid that doesn't contain RHA.
RHA. This implies a less serviceable (hardened) blend is Solid chambers of 150 mm measurement and 300 mm
gotten when RHA is utilized as a concrete blender. More tallness were casted by utilizing concrete with W/C
water is in this manner needed to make a useful blend. The proportion of 0.75. Mechanical vibrator was utilized to
expanded fines in the solid because of abundance RHA is minimized the solid during projecting. The normal
mostly answerable for this expanded interest of water. estimation of elasticity was acquired by testing of three
Water Absorption tests uncover that higher replacement examples. There is noteworthy augmentation in the rigidity
sums brings about lower water retention esteems which is in concrete containing RHA. The greatest rigidity is come
expected to RHA being better than concrete. The utilization about with 20% substitution. In this manner inclination of
of RHA significantly decreases the water ingestion of cement. splitting of cement containing RHA can be considered as low
Consequently, concrete containing RHA can be adequately contrasted with the typical cement.
utilized in places where the solid can interact with water or
dampness. III. Material
Cement
DilipShrivastava, et.al (2018) Black Cotton Soils show high The OPC is classfied into three evaluations, in particular 33
expanding and contracting when presented to changes in Grade, 43 Grade, 53 Grade contingent on the quality of 28
dampness content and henceforth have been discovered to days. It has been conceivable to update the characteristics of
be generally inconvenient from designing contemplations. concrete by utilizing top notch limestone, present day types
This conduct is credited to the presence of a mineral of gear, keeping up better molecule size conveyance, better
montmorillonit. The wide spread of the dark cotton soil has crushing and better pressing. For the most part utilization of
presented difficulties and issues to the development high evaluation concrete offers numerous favorable
exercises. To experience with it, imaginative and circumstances for making more grounded concrete. In spite
nontraditional examination on squander use is picking up of the fact that they are minimal costlier than poor quality
significance now a days. Soil improvement utilizing te concrete, they offer 10-20% sparing in concrete utilization
squander material like Slags, Rice husk debris, Silica smolder and furthermore they offer many concealed advantages. One
and so on., in geotechnical designing has been practically of the most significant advantages is the quicker pace of
speaking according to natural perspective. The primary improvement of solidarity. Standard Portland Cement (OPC)
target of this examination is to assess the achievability of of 43 Grade from a solitary parcel was utilized over the span
utilizing Rice Husk Ash with lime as soil adjustment material. of the examination. It was new and with no bumps. The
A progression of research center analysis has been directed physical properties of the concrete as decided from different
on5%lime blended dark cotton soil mixed with Rice Husk tests adjusting to Indian Standard IS: 8112. Concrete was
Ash in 5%, 10% 15% and 20% by weight of dry soil. The deliberately put away to forestall weakening in its properties
exploratory outcomes indicated a noteworthy increment in because of contact with the dampness.
CBR and UCS quality. The CBR esteems increments by
287.62% and UCS improved by30%.The Differential free Coarse Aggregates
swell of the dark cotton soil is diminished by 86.92% with Totals establish the greater part of a solid blend and give
increment in Rise Husk Ash content from 0% to 20% dimensional soundness to concrete. To build the thickness of
separately. From this examination it tends to be presumed coming about blend, the totals are habitually utilized in at
that the Rice Husk Ash can possibly improve the qualities of least two sizes. The most significant capacity of the fine total
dark cotton soil. is to help with creating usefulness and consistency in blend.
The fine total help the concrete glue to hold the coarse total
Kishore et al. (2018) in their paper "Study on Strength particles in suspension.
Characteristics of High Strength Rice Husk Ash Concrete" has
researched the compressive quality, parting pliable and This activity advances pliancy in the blend and forestalls the
flexural quality of high quality cement with various conceivable isolation of glue and coarse total, especially
substitution levels of conventional Portland concrete by Rice when it is important to ship the solid some good ways from
Husk Ash. The standard 3D squares the blending plant to position. The totals give about 75% of
(150mmX150mmX150mm) and the standard chambers the body of the solid and henceforth its impact is critical.
(150mm diaX300mm tallness) were position. In all examples They should subsequently meet certain prerequisites if the
with M40 and M50 grade blend cases were rank and tried. solid is to be functional, solid, tough and conservative. The
The quality impact of High-quality cement of different totals must be appropriate shape, perfect, hard, solid and
measures of substitution of concrete viz., 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% very much evaluated.

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Fine Aggregates Table 1 Physical properties of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash
The aggregates most of which pass through 4.75 mm IS sieve (SCBA)
are termed as fine aggregates. Physical property value
Colour Whitish gray
The fine aggregate may be of following types: Bulk density 1120 kg/m3
 Natural sand, i.e. fine aggregate resulting from natural Specific gravity 2.10
disintegration of rocks.
Fineness 2840 cm2/gm
 Crushed stone sand, i.e. fine aggregate produced by
crushing hard stone. Table 2. Chemical properties of Sugarcane Bagasse
 Crushed gravel sand, i.e. fine aggregate produced by Ash (SCBA)
crushing natural gravel Constituent Component in %
Silica (SiO2) 46.8
According to size, the fine aggregate may be described as Alumina (Al2O3) 23.7
coarse, medium and fine sands. Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3) 13.2
Calcium Oxide (CaO) 1.2
Contingent on the molecule size dispersion IS: 383-1970 has Magnesia (MgO) 1.0
partitioned the fine total into four reviewing zones (Grade I Loss on Ignition (LOI) 6.9
to IV). The evaluating zones become continuously better
from reviewing zone I to IV. In this trial program, fine totals Rice husk ash (RHA)
(stone residue) were gathered from Jhelum Stone Crusher, Rice husk debris (RHA) is a side-effect from the consuming
Mirthal, Pathankot and adjusting to reviewing zone II. It was of rice husk. Rice husk is amazingly pervasive in East and
coarse sand light dark in shading. The sand was sieved South-East Asia as a result of the rice creation around there.
through 4.75 mm strainer to eliminate particles more The rich land and heat and humidity make for ideal
prominent than 4.75 mm size. Physical properties and sifter conditions to develop rice and is exploited by these Asian
examination of fine total are tried according to Indian nations. The husk of the rice is eliminated in the cultivating
Standards cycle before it is sold and expended. It has been discovered
advantageous to copy this rice husk in ovens to make
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) different things. The rice husk debris is then utilized as a
The bagasse is a significant side-effect of the sugar stick substitute or admixture in concrete. In this way the whole
industry and a large portion of it is utilized to deliver steam rice item is utilized in an effective and naturally inviting
and power in a sugarcane industrial facility. After the methodology. In this article we will investigate the regular
bagasse burning, another result is the Sugar Cane Bagasse cycles of consuming rice husk and the benefits of utilizing
Ash (SCBA). It comprises basically of silica (SiO2), which the consumed debris in concrete to encourage basic
demonstrates its potential as mineral admixture for use in advancement fundamentally in the East and South-East
concrete. The aftereffects of this exploration program Asian areas. We will explore earlier examination from
demonstrated that SCBA can be utilized as a pozzolan and different sources, just as get ready examples of our own to
substitute concrete. Since strength is a significant issue for play out a scope of solidarity tests.
actualizing new development materials, in this Thesis, the
consequences of trial of sulfate assault on solid shapes made Rice husk is the external front of paddy and records for 20-
with SCBA. These tests showed that SCBA improves the 25 % of its weight. It is eliminated during rice processing and
solidness of a solid. Examination of the outcomes from the 7, is utilized for the most part as fuel for warming in Indian
14, 28 and 50 days tests shows that the compressive quality, homes and enterprises. Its warming estimation of 13-15
elasticity and furthermore flexure increments with SCBA up MJ/kg is lower than most woody biomass powers. In any
to 6.0% substitution and afterward it diminishes, in spite of case, it is broadly utilized in rustic India in view of its far
the fact that the aftereffects of 10.0% substitution is as yet reaching accessibility and moderately minimal effort. The
higher than those of the plain concrete cement. yearly age of rice husk in India is 18-22 million tons and this
compares to a force age capability of 1200 MW.

Rice is a weighty staple on the planet market taking

everything into account. It is the second biggest measure of
any grain created on the planet. The primary biggest is corn,
yet is created for elective reasons instead of rice which is
delivered essentially for utilization. Along these lines, rice
can be viewed as the main harvest delivered for human
utilization on the planet. The main area of the world which
produces rice is Asia, particularly South-East and East Asia.
Rice can without much of a stretch be developed in tropical
districts on a territory. It is appropriate to nations and
locales with low work expenses and high precipitation, as it
Figure 1 Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Sample is very work concentrated to develop and requires a lot of
water for development (Wikipedia, Rice). The fields in
South-East Asia give the ideal facilities. Totally consumed
rice husk debris was brought from rice plants from
Mandideep Bhopal. Its physical and concoction properties

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are given in Table 3.9 and Table individually. blends were blended in Institute lab. Droop test and stream
table tests were led on new cement to decide droop and
stream table, compaction factor test for Workability. From
each blend three, 180 shapes were projected for assurance
of compressive quality and 100 mm×100 mm×700 mm 90
shafts were projected for the assurance of flexural quality.
The 3D shapes and bars were compacted by methods for
standard vibration machine. Subsequent to projecting the
quality of various cement is resolved at 7 years old and 28
days

Figure 2Rice Husk Ash Sample

Table 3.Physical properties of rice husk ash

Physical property Value
Colour Gray with slight black
Bulk density 104.9 kg/m3 Figure 3 Casting of Concrete Cubes and Beams
Specific gravity 1.96
Fineness 2775 cm2/gm V. Curing of Cubes
Avg particle size 150.47µm In the wake of opening the blocks and shafts, solid shapes
Mesopores 78% and pillars will be named for their determination by the
Heating value 9.68 MJ/kg assistance of water safe paint and paint brush taken to the
restoring tank and rested there for 7 days and 28 days with
Table 4. Chemical properties of rice husk ash the front of new and clean water. Determination means the
Component % block example name; kind of fortification shape utilized, and
Silica 92.1 date of projecting. During timespan of restoring of 3D
Alumina 0.51 squares, consistently watch the relieving tank that water
Iron oxide 0.40 level doesn't comes to beneath the solid shapes and pillars
Calcium oxide 0.55 because of solid warmth delivering property and afterward
fill the tank to cover the blocks. The water for restoring
Potassium oxide 1.53
ought to be tried like clockwork and the temperature of
Titanium di oxide 0.02
water must be at 27°C.VI.
Manganese oxide 0.08
Phosphorous penta oxide 0.08 Compressive Strength
Sulphur tri oxide 0.12 The compressive quality on each 150×150×150 mm. Cubic
example was resolved as per Compression testing machine.
IV. Methodology The two closures of every example were ground before
A. Preparation of Materials testing to guarantee uniform dispersion of burden during
All materials were brought to room temperature, (270° - test. The distance across of every example was taken before
300° C) before commencing the results. The cement samples, the compressive quality test. The testing was water driven
on arrival at the laboratory, were thoroughly mixed dry controlled with a most extreme limit of 2000 KN.
either by hand in such a manner as to ensure the greatest
possible blending and uniformity in the material, care is
being taken to avoid the intrusion of foreign matter. The
cement was stored in a dry place.

B. Casting of Concrete Cubes and Beams

Most importantly, greasing up oil is applied to all the molds
so that during opening time after 24 hrs will open form
effectively without harming the solid 3D square and before
pouring guarantees that all the electrical discharges are
tight, this forestalls the spillage of solid blend and help in
setting of immaculate block shape (150 mm × 150 mm × 150
mm). The solid Mix extents (C: FA: CA-I: CA-II) with W/C
Ratio 0.40, 0.35 and 0.30 was intended to. All the solid Figure 4Compression test machine

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VI. Results
Compressive Strength
Burden was applied to the example at a consistent stacking pace of 0.5 N until complete disappointment happened. The yields
of the heap cell from the testing machine were associated with an information obtaining framework, which records the
information during the test. The greatest burden is recorded and the compressive pressure figured by separating the most
extreme burden by the cross sectional zone of the example. The sort of break was likewise recorded. Figure shows a solid shape
in the testing machine before test.

Figure 5: 7-day and 28-day compressive strengths with w/c = 0.4

Table 5. Compressive strength of 4.5 MPa flexure design (w/c = 0.4)

7days 28days
w/c = 0.4
Load (KN) Average (KN) fc (MPa) Load (KN) Average (KN) fc (MPa)
863.7 1170
Controlled
889.9 859.73 38.21 1246 1147.66 51.01
(SR00)
825.6 1027
809.9 1132
10% SCBA
861.4 848.33 37.70 1075 1101.33 48.94
(SR10)
873.6 1097
791.7 1034
20% SCBA
729.2 773.333 34.3703 1058 1016.1 45.16
(SR20)
799.1 956.3
638.1 926.5
30% SCBA
660.8 657.066 29.2029 931.9 936.133 41.6059
(SR30)
672.3 950
496.3 731.8
10% RHA
541.6 508.67 22.60 713 734.36 32.63
(SR01)
488.1 758.3
477.8 621.2
20% RHA
432.8 440.6 19.5822 655.9 646.133 28.7170
(SR02)
411.2 661.3
347.7 560.1
30% RHA
371.4 367.9 16.3511 549.7 575.9 25.5955
(SR03)
384.6 617.9
10% SCBA 468.7 689.6
10% RH.A 450.9 472.9 21.0177 765.7 727.933 32.3525
(SR11) 499.1 728.5
20% SCBA 357.2 563.8
10% RHA 381.3 369.87 16.43 657.3 620.3 27.5688
(SR21) 371.1 639.8
10% SCBA 343.6 596.2
20% RHA 358.1 359.33 15.97 572.3 582.56 25.89
(SR12) 376.3 579.2

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Table 6. Compressive strength of 5.0 MPa flexure design (W/C = 0.35)
7days 28 days
W/C=0.35
Load (KN) Average (KN) fc(MPa) Load (KN) Average (KN) fc(MPa)
907.2 1246
Controlled
980.5 920.5 40.911 1289 1279.66 56.874
(SR00)
873.8 1304
822.5 1058
10% SCBA
851.9 850.933 37.819 1221 1120 49.78
(SR10)
878.4 1081
760.7 1056
20% SCBA
788.9 791.666 35.185 1108 1083.33 48.148
(SR20)
825.4 1086
767.4 1051
30% SCBA
730.2 734.466 32.642 976.7 963.3 42.813
(SR30)
705.8 862.2
563.1 737.1
10% RHA
552.1 543.86 24.17 762.8 758.56 33.71
(SR01)
516.4 775.8
468.4 687.3
20% RHA
482.8 486.833 21.637 699.3 712.633 31.672
(SR02)
509.3 751.3
450.3 630.1
30% RHA
469.2 435.533 19.357 610.4 604.166 26.851
(SR03)
387.1 572
10% SCBA 521.3 801
10% RH.A 511.6 537.766 23.900 813.6 786.633 34.961
(SR11) 580.4 745.3
20% SCBA 456.2 754.2
10% RHA 453 470.133 20.8948 699.3 724.833 32.214
(SR21) 501.2 721
10% SCBA 387.3 696.1
20% RHA 403.1 411.233 18.277 686.3 685.5 30.47
(SR12) 443.3 674.1

Table 7. Compressive strength OF 5.5 MPa flexure design (W/C = 0.3)

7 days 28 days
W/C = 0.3
Load (KN) Average (KN) fc (MPa) Load (KN) Average (KN) fc (MPa)
1053 1380
Controlled
1069 1047.66 46.5629 1416 1388 61.6888
(SR00)
1021 1368
963.1 1349
10% SCBA
988.2 954.433 42.4192 1037 1199.33 53.3037
(SR10)
912 1212
1027 1208
20% SCBA
1009 999.8 44.4355 1143 1193.66 53.0518
(SR20)
963.4 1230
748.1 1017
30% SCBA
766.5 738.233 32.8103 967.2 1039.73 46.2103
(SR30)
700.1 1135
644.4 1024
10% RHA
569.3 601.67 26.74 986.4 995.67 44.25
(SR01)
591.3 796.6
542.4 744.9
20% RHA
506 526.73 23.61 701.5 725.7 32.2533
(SR02)
531.8 730.7
513.5 588.7
30% RHA
476.8 480.2 21.3422 593.4 609.8 27.1022
(SR03)
450.3 647.3
10% SCBA 664.9 1021
10% RH.A 700.3 686.166 30.4963 1014 1005.6 44.6933
(SR11) 693.3 981.8
20% SCBA 563.6 873.
10% RHA 589.5 584.733 25.9881 893. 892.16 39.6518
(SR21) 601.1 909.

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10% SCBA 511.1 836.4
20% RHA 503.7 500.6 22.2488 800.2 809.7 35.98
(SR12) 487 792.5

Figure 6: 7-day and 28-day compressive strengths with w/c = 0.35

Figure 7: 7-day and 28-day compressive strengths with w/c = 0.30

Figure 8: 28-day compressive strengths for all water cement ratios

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Figure 9: 28-day compressive strength replacing SCBA

Figure 10: 28-day compressive strength replacing RHA

VII. CONCLUSIONS
His current examination was attempted to research the impact of fractional supplanting of concrete with SCBA and rice husk
debris on compressive quality and flexural quality of solid blend. Concrete was incompletely supplanted by SCBA at three
unique degrees of substitution for example 10%, 20% and 30% and same with rice husk debris just as with consolidated
substitutions of SCBA and rice husk debris. Tests were performed following 28 days of restoring of cement. Shapes and shafts
were ready for deciding compressive quality and flexural quality of cement with various water-concrete proportion as 0.30,
0.35 and 0.40 for min required flexural qualities 5.5 N/mm2 5 N/mm2 4.5N/mm2 separately. Super-plasticizer was utilized in
all the blends at 1% level by weight of cementitious material.

The blends in with just SCBA substitution have a lesser pace of increment in quality from 7days to 28 days regardless of the
way that they have high beginning quality, than the blends in with rice husk debris substitution as it were.
1. The mixes with the inclusion of both rice husk ash and SCBA as replacement material show the highest rate of increase of
compressive strength for all water to cement ratios which indicates indicates that pozzolanic activity initiates early for
such mixes.
2. Concrete mix with up to 30% percent replacement of cement with SCBA for all water-cement ratios have higher
compressive strengths than minimum required as per MoRT&H specifications. Concrete mixes with 10% replacement of
rice husk ash in w/c= 0.3 have higher compressive strengths than minimum required as per MoRT&Hspecifications.
3. Concretemixeswithcombinedreplacementof10%eachofSCBA andricehuskashinw/c= 0.3 showed higher compressive
strengths than minimum required as per MoRT&H specifications.

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Figure 11: 28-day compressive strength replacing SCBA and RHA

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[10] Habeeb, G. A. furthermore, Mahmud, H .B. (2012)
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