International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 4 Issue 6, September-October 2020 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

An Experimental Study on Stabilization of

Black Cotton Soil by using Bio Polymers
Alli Rudraveena1, P. Hanuma2
2Assistant Professor, 1,2Department of Civil Engineering,
1,2Sri Sunflower College of Engineering &Technology, Lankapalli, Andhra Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Alli Rudraveena |

In developing countries like India, due to remarkable development in road P. Hanuma "An Experimental Study on
infrastructure, soil stabilization has become major issue in constructional Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil by using
activity, stabilization is not only a method of altering or modifying of one or Bio Polymers"
more soil properties to improve the engineering . Characteristics and Published in
performance of a soil ,but also processing available materials for the International Journal
production of low –cost design and construction. Black cotton soils which of Trend in Scientific
expand when moisture content of soils is increased the clay mineral Research and
Montomorillonite is main responsible for expansive characteristics of soil. the Development (ijtsrd),
expansive soils called swelling of soils or black cotton soils a large part of ISSN: 2456-6470, IJTSRD33466
south India is covered with expansive soil another problem with this soil is Volume-4 | Issue-6,
strength is decreases with increases of degree of saturation heavy damages October 2020, pp.627-630, URL:
may occur buildings roads runways pipe lines and other structures built on www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33466.pdf
such soils if proper preventive measures are not method. The damages can be
prevented to an large extent if characteristics of expansive soil properly Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and
assessed suitable measures taken in design construction and maintenance of International Journal of Trend in Scientific
structures built on soils. This presents experimental investigation to study the Research and Development Journal. This
effect of sugarcane baggage ash on swelling and shrinkage and mechanical is an Open Access article distributed
properties of an soil. After finding out the experimental results in lab to know under the terms of
the evaluation and performance of baggage ash on the black cotton soil in the the Creative
laboratory Commons Attribution
License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

INTRODUCTION
Soil stabilization is a general term for any physical, chemical, effective at improving load bearing capacity of weak or loose
biological or combined method of changing of a natural soil strata. This method uses a small, penny-sized injection
soiltomeetanengineeringpurpose.Also,improvementsinclude probe and minimizes debris. This method is ideal for re-
increasingthebearingcapability,tensilestrength andoverall compaction and consolidation of weak soil strata, increasing
performance of in-situ soils, sand and other waste materials, and improving load bearing capacity under structures and
in order to strengthened road surface. Some of the the remediation of shallow and deep sinkhole problems. This
renewable technologies are enzymes, surfactants, is particularly efficient when there is a need to support
biopolymers, synthetic polymers and more. Traditionally deficient public and private infrastructure.
and widely accepted types of soil stabilization techniques
use products such as bitumen emulsions which can be used Soil Expansivity prediction by liquid limit:
as binding agents for producing a road base. Tree resin and
ionic stabilizers are commonly used stabilizing agents. Other Degree of expansion Liquid limit
stabilization techniques include using on-site materials
including sub-soils, sand, mining waste and crushed Low <30
construction waste to provide stable, dust free local roads
for complete dust control and soil stabilization. Many of the Medium 30-40
"green" products have essentially the same formula as soap
powders, merely lubricating and realigning the soil with no High 40-60
effective binding property. Many of the new approaches rely
on large amounts of clay with its inherent binding Very high >60
properties. Bitumen, tar emulsions, asphalt, cement, lime can
be used as binding agents for producing a road base. While
using such products, issues such as safety, health and the Degree of expansion Holtz and Gibbs Chen
environmental effects must be considered. Utilizing new soil Holtz and GibbsLow <20 0-15
stabilization technology, a process of cross-linking within the Medium 12-34 10-35
polymeric formulation can replace traditional road/house
High 23-45 20-55
construction methods in an environment friendly and
Very high >32 >35
effective way. There is another soil stabilization method
called the Deep Mixing method that is non- destructive and

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33466 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2020 Page 627
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
Soil expansivity predictions by plasticity index:

Schematic Representation of Compaction Test Sample prepared with

variation of XG%

fig-3 Schematic Representation of compaction Test

sample prepared with variation of XG%

Type Compaction Test Samples with XG% variation:

Fig 1. Chemical formula for Xanthum Gum
Samples Prepared for Compaction Test
Uses: 1 Black Cotton Soil
 Guar Gum, 1% can produce a significant increase in the 2 BC + 0.5% XG
Xanthan viscosity of the liquid. It helps to prevent oil
3 BC + 0.75% XG
separation by stabilizing the emulsion, although it is not
an emulsifier. 4 BC + 1% XG
 Xanthan gum also helps to suspend solid particles. 5 BC +1.5% XG
Xanthan gum helps to create desired texture in many ice
creams. Sieve Analysis
 In oil industries, Xanthan gum is used in large quantities IS Weight Percentage Cumulative Percentage
to thicken drilling mud. These fluids serve to carry the Sieve Retained Retained Percentage of Finer
solids cut by the drilling and hit back the surface. The
(g) (%) (%) (%)
wide spread use of horizontal drilling and demand for
good control of drilled solids has let to its expandeduses. 4.75 372 37.2 37.2 62.8
2.36 162 16.2 53.4 46.6
2 98 9.8 63.2 36.8
1 146 14.6 77.8 22.2
0.6 80 8 85.8 14.2
0.425 56 5.6 91.4 8.6
0.3 32 3.2 94.6 5.4
0.15 22 2.2 96.8 3.2
0.09 14 1.4 98.2 1.8
0.075 10 1 99.2 0.8
PAN 4 0.4 99.6 0.4

Sieve Analysis
Graph5.1: Graph
Sieve Analysis Graph

Fig-2 process of xanthum gum

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33466 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2020 Page 628
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
Liquid Limit Calculations:
S. Observations & Test Test Test Test
no Calculations 1 2 3 4
1 Number of Blows 32 25 18 12
Mass of Empty
2 24 32 28 21
Container (M1)g
Mass of Container
3 62 78 69 72
+ Wet Soil (M2)g
Mass of Container
4 + Dry Soil 45 41 34 37
(M3)g
Water Content
5 W= 49.62 54.17 56.50 59.23
(Mw/Md)x100 %

Compaction curves for soil samples with 0%, 0.5%,

0.75%,
Graph 5.7.1: Compaction curves 1%and
for soil samples1.5% XG0.5%,0.75%,1%and 1.5%
with 0%,
XG S. no Sample OMC (%) MDD (g/cc)
1 Black Cotton Soil 20 1.59
2 BC+0.5%XG 20 1.67
3 BC +0.75% XG 20 1.52
4 BC + 1%XG 20 1.64
5 BC +1.5% XG 20 1.55
Liquid limit determination Graph
OMC and MDD values of BC + XG%
Observation
Graph 5.2:table on limit
Liquid Black cotton soil:Graph
determination
Load Vs Penetration graph for Black Cotton Soil (Unsoaked & Soaked

Characteristics Value
Color Black
Specific Gravity 2.67
Liquid Limit (%) 52
Plastic Limit (%) 26.7
Plasticity Index (%) 25.3
Classification CH
Optimum Moisture Content (%) 20
Maximum Dry Density (g/cc) 1.58
Unsoaked CBR 2.2
Soaked CBR 1.4
Unconfined Compressive Strength (kg/cm ) 2 0.9
Differential Free Swell (%) 50

Compaction Test Observation table for black Cotton soil

+1.5% XG:
% of water
content
5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
Empty Weight of
4980 4980 4980 4980 4980
Mould
Weight of Mould + LoadVsVs
Graph 5.8.1: Load Penetration
Penetration graph
graph for Black for Black
Cotton Cotton (Unsoaked &
Soil+0.5%XG
8780 8920 9060 9225 9264 Soaked)
compacted soil Soil+0.5%XG (Unsoaked & Soaked)
Weight of
3800 3940 4080 4245 484
compacted soil
Weight of cup 36 36 36 36 36
Weight of cup +
43 64 56 58 51
wet soil
Weight of cup + dry
42 61 53 51 48
soil
Weight of soil 6 25 17 15 12
mass of water 1 3 3 4 3
water content , W 16.7 12 17.6 26.7 25
Bulk density 1.65 1.74 1.8 1.88 1.85 Graph 5.8.3: LoadLoadVs Vs Penetration
Penetration graph
graph for Black for Black
Cotton Cotton (Unsoaked &
Soil+0.75%XG
Soaked)
dry density 1.41 1.55 1.54 1.55 1.49 Soil+0.75%XG (Unsoaked & Soaked)

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, the major properties studied are OMC, MDD,
CBR, UCS, and Consolidation. Based on the all investigations
on all samples and when compared with normal soil,
following conclusions were made

Compaction Test and CBR Test:

 In Standard Procter Test, the increase in XG percentage
the dry density increases upto 0.75% and after the MDD
value has been decreasing trend. Though, a decrease in
OMC has been observed with increase in XG %
 Maximum dry density was increased with the addition
XG
 When 0.5%,0.75%,1%,1.5% XG added, higher MDD
observed for 0.75% of XG
Load  Both the Unsoaked and soaked condition of CBR were
Graph 5.8.4:VsLoad
Penetration
Vs Penetration graph
graph forfor
BlackBlack
Cotton Cotton Soil
Soil +1% XG +1% &
(Unsoaked
XG (Unsoaked & Soaked) studied and Peak value was obtained at 0.75% XG in
Soaked)
both conditions.

Unconfined compressive strength:

 In UCS, Due to increase in XG percentage the UCS value
having increasing trend with respect to the parent soil.
 In UCS, Due to increase in XG percentage the UCS value
has been observed increasing trend up to1.5 %
 XG specimen fails by formation of Vertical cracks.
 The Curing period of mix is a governing parameter as
the chemical reaction of stabilizers is depends on it.so it
can be concluded that the strength will increase with
increase in curing period.
 UCS of treated soils was higher than that of untreated
soils.
 UCS value of sample is Increased from 0.97 to 8.8
kg/cm2
Load Vs Penetration graph for Black Cotton Soil
REFERENCES:
Graph 5.8.5: Load +1.5%XG
Vs Penetration(Unsoaked & Soaked)
graph for Black Cotton Soil +1.5%XG (Unsoaked & [1] Fullen, “Introduction of microbial biopolymers in soil
Soaked) treatment for future environmentally friendly and
sustainable geotechnical engineering”, Korea institute
of Civil Engineering2016.
[2] Dilipkumar & Srinivas Ganta, “Soil stabilization using
Geopolymer and Biopolymer”, Anveshanna’s
International Institute of research engineering and
applied sciences, 2016.
[3] K. Mohamed and Ayeldeen, “Evaluating the physical
characteristics of biopolymer in soil mixture”, 2016.
[4] KajalSwan,“Stabilization of soilusinggeopolymer and
biopolymer”, National institute of Technology,2015.
GraphLoad Vs Penetration
5.8.7: Load graphs
Vs Penetration graphs of Unsoaked
of Unsoaked CBR
CBR at different at
percentages of [5] Rourkela, “Stabilization of pond ash using biopolymer”,
different percentages
XG of XG Journal of NIT, 2015.

UCS values for different % of XG [6] Liuhuiguo, “Investigation of soil stabilization using
biopolymers”, Journal of Iowa state university2014.
Curing periods
Sample [7] Michael, “Improving the mechanical properties of sand
0 3 7 14 28
using biopolymers”, The journal of American society of
BC 0.97 1.11 1.29 1.36 1.41
civil engineer, 2013.
XG (0.5%) 3.8 4.1 4.8 5.1 5.4
[8] R. Eire, “Earth architecture, ancient and new methods
XG (0.75%) 4.2 4.5 5.6 5.8 6.1
for durability improvement”, 2013.
XG (1%) 5.4 5.6 7.1 7.8 8.2
[9] E. Kavazanjan, “Biopolymer soil stabilization for wind
XG (1.5) 5.1 5.3 7.6 8.4 8.8
control”, 2009.

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