FORD WORLDWIDE FASTENER STANDARD

Date: 1993-01-01
WF 900

Dimensional and Material Requirements and Mechanical Properties of Flat, Toothed, Conical, Bowed and Wavy
Washers
1. SCOPE. This standard specifies the dimensional, material, heat treatment, hardness and performance
requirements for flat, toothed, conical, bowed and wavy washers for general use and for use in screw or
nut and washer assemblies.
NOTE: For recommendations on flat washer selection see Table 13.
1.1 REFERENCES.
ASTM E140 - Hardness conversion tables for metals (Relationship between Brinell
Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Rockwell Superficial
Hardness and Knoop Hardness).
ISO 4759 - Tolerances for fasteners Part 3: Washers for metric bolts, screws and
nuts with thread diameters from 1 up to and including 150mm.
ISO 6507 - Metallic materials - Hardness test - Vickers test.
2. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES - FLAT, TOOTHED, CONICAL, BOWED AND WAVY
WASHERS AND ASSEMBLED WASHERS.
2.1 FLAT WASHERS. The nominal inside diameter, outside diameter and thickness shall be as
specified in Tables 2 to 4 as appropriate. The inside diameter of washers for use in screw or nut
and washer assemblies shall be such as to permit rotation whilst disassembly is prevented.
Tolerances shall be as specified in Table 1 and Figure 1.
2.2 TOOTHED, CONICAL, BOWED AND WAVY WASHERS.
2.2.1 TOOTHED. Dimensions and tolerances shall be as specified in Tables 1, and 5 to 11, and
Figures 5 to 11 as appropriate.
2.2.2 CONICAL, BOWED AND WAVY. Dimensions and tolerances shall be as specified in
Tables 1 and 11 and Figure 11.
2.3 ASSEMBLED. (See Table 1) The inside diameter of washers for use in screw or nut and washer
assemblies shall be such as to permit rotation whilst disassembly is prevented. All other data as
Tables 1 to 11 and Figures 1 to 11 as appropriate.
3. MATERIAL, HEAT TREATMENT AND HARDNESS. Material, heat treatment and hardness
requirements are specified in Table 12.
Alternative hardness testing methods may be used with values extracted form ASTM E 140 but Vickers
Hardness test to ISO 6507 HV5 shall be the referee method.
4. PERFORMANCE.
4.1 RECOVERY FROM COMPRESSION (TOOTHED, CONICAL, BOWED AND WAVY).
Toothed, Conical, Bowed and Wavy - After compression between parallel surfaces for a minimum
of 2 minutes with the load specified in Table 11, the minimum height of the free washer shall be as
shown for h2. When the same load is re-applied for the same period no further permanent set shall
be acceptable. Mating countersunk holes and cones shall be used for countersunk toothed washers.
4.2 TWIST TEST ON TOOTHED WASHERS. The rim of the washer shall be cut or severed.
Separation of the ends to 90 degrees shall not result in fracture.

Engineering Standards & 1 of 17 Printed copies are uncontrolled.

Systems Engineering (ESSE)
 FORD WORLDWIDE FASTENER STANDARD
Date: 1993-01-01
WF 900

Dimensional and Material Requirements and Mechanical Properties of Flat, Toothed, Conical, Bowed and Wavy
Washers

Table 1. Tolerances for inside diameter, outside diameter, material thickness and concentricity

Type Inside Diameter Outside Material Thickness Concentricity

Diameter (s or s1 as appropriate) (Coaxiality)
Flat* ISO 4759 Part 3 ISO 4759 Part 3 ISO 4759 Part 3 ISO 4759 Part 3
s(mm) Tol +/-
Toothed ISO 4759 Part 3 ISO 4759 Part 3 < 0.15 0.02 ISO 4759 Part 3
> 0.15 < 0.35 0.03
> 0.35 < 1.5 0.05
Conical ISO 4759 Part 3 ISO 4759 Part 3 ISO 4759 Part 3 ISO 4759 Part 3
s(mm) Tol +/-
Bowed ISO 4759 Part 3 ISO 4759 Part 3 < 0.15 0.05 ISO 4759 Part 3
> 0.15 < 0.35 0.06
> 0.35 < 1.5 0.07
s(mm) Tol +/-
Wavy ISO 4759 Part 3 ISO 4759 Part 3 < 0.15 0.02 ISO 4759 Part 3
> 0.15 < 0.35 0.03
> 0.35 < 1.5 0.05
Assembled Must allow ISO 4759 Part 3 As appropriate to the type of ISO 4759 Part 3
rotation whilst washer assembled prior to assembly
disassembly from
the screw or nut is
prevented.

* For other tolerance requirements also see Figure 1.

Engineering Standards & 2 of 17 Printed copies are uncontrolled.

Systems Engineering (ESSE)
 FORD WORLDWIDE FASTENER STANDARD
Date: 1993-01-01
WF 900

Dimensional and Material Requirements and Mechanical Properties of Flat, Toothed, Conical, Bowed and Wavy
Washers

Figure 1. Dimensions of flat washers

Feature Tolerances
Clearance hole (punched) h d1 h1
mm tol. mm
<4 H 13 0.5 h
>4 H 14 0.3 h

Rollover and fracture undefined but must be present.

h1 is the part of the hole which is within the tolerance specified for
d1.
Outside diameter (punched) h d2
mm tol.
<4 h 14
>4 h 15

h2, rollover and fracture undefined but present.

h2 is the part which is within the tolerance specified d2.
Thickness h tol.
mm mm
< 0.5 +/- 0.05
> 0.5 <1 +/- 0.1

>1 < 2.5 +/- 0.2

> 2.5 <4 +/- 0.3
>4 <6 +/- 0.6
>6 < 10 +/- 1
> 10 < 20 +/- 1.2
Chamfer a = 30 to 45o

e min. = 0.25 h

e max. = 0.5 h

Engineering Standards & 3 of 17 Printed copies are uncontrolled.

Systems Engineering (ESSE)
 FORD WORLDWIDE FASTENER STANDARD
Date: 1993-01-01
WF 900

Dimensional and Material Requirements and Mechanical Properties of Flat, Toothed, Conical, Bowed and Wavy
Washers

Figure 1. Dimensions of flat washers (Continued)

Feature Tolerances
Tolerances of form and position
Thickness variation Dh on the same part h Dh
mm mm
< 0.5 0.025
> 0.5 <1 0.05
>1 < 2.5 0.2
> 2.5 <4 0.15
>4 <6 0.2
>6 < 10 0.3
> 10 < 20 0.4

NOTE: Requirements for Dh apply only between

diameters d2 - h and d1 + h.

Coaxiality d2 b
mm
< 50 2 IT 12
> 50 2 IT 13

NOTE: Tolerance b based on dimension d2.

Flatness h c1)
mm mm
< 0.5 0.1
> 0.5 <1 0.15
>1 < 2.5 0.2
> 2.5 <4 0.3
>4 <6 0.4
>6 < 10 0.6
> 10 < 20 1
NOTE: Tolerance c always independent of thickness
tolerance for h.

1) For washers made from stainless steel the maximum permissible tolerance of flatness is 2c.

Engineering Standards & 4 of 17 Printed copies are uncontrolled.

Systems Engineering (ESSE)
 FORD WORLDWIDE FASTENER STANDARD
Date: 1993-01-01
WF 900

Dimensional and Material Requirements and Mechanical Properties of Flat, Toothed, Conical, Bowed and Wavy
Washers

Dimensions of Flat Washers

Plain washers - Normal series; Hardness range 160 to 300 HV 10

Figure 2.

Table 2.

Dimensions in mm
Nominal Size Clearance Hole Outside Diameter Thickness
d1 d2 h
(Nominal Thread Nom. Max. Nom. Min. Nom. Max. Min.
Diameter, d) (Min.) (Max.)
1.6 1.7 1.84 4 3.7 0.3 0.35 0.25
2 2.2 2.34 5 4.7 0.3 0.35 0.25
2.5 2.7 2.84 6 5.7 0.5 0.55 0.45
3 3.2 3.38 7 6.64 0.5 0.55 0.45
3.5 3.7 3.88 8 7.64 0.5 0.55 0.45
4 4.3 4.48 9 8.64 0.8 0.9 0.7
5 5.3 5.48 10 9.64 1 1.1 0.9
6 6.4 6.62 12 11.57 1.6 1.8 1.4
8 8.4 8.62 16 15.57 1.6 1.8 1.4
10 10.5 10.77 20 19.48 2 2.2 1.8
12 13 13.27 24 23.48 2.5 2.7 2.3
14 15 15.27 28 27.48 2.5 2.7 2.3
16 17 17.27 30 29.48 3 3.3 2.7
20 21 21.33 37 36.38 3 3.3 2.7
24 25 25.33 44 43.38 4 4.3 3.7
30 31 31.39 56 55.26 4 4.3 3.7
36 37 37.62 66 64.8 5 5.6 4.4
42 45 45.62 78 76.8 8 9 7
48 52 52.74 92 90.6 8 9 7
56 62 62.74 105 103.6 10 11 9
64 70 70.74 115 113.6 10 11 9

Engineering Standards & 5 of 17 Printed copies are uncontrolled.

Systems Engineering (ESSE)
 FORD WORLDWIDE FASTENER STANDARD
Date: 1993-01-01
WF 900

Dimensional and Material Requirements and Mechanical Properties of Flat, Toothed, Conical, Bowed and Wavy
Washers

Dimensions of Flat Washers

Plain washers - Normal series; Hardness range 300 to 400 HV 10

Figure 3.

1) The radius is allowed between the limits defined by, da max/d1 max and da min/d1 min.

Table 3.

Dimensions in mm
Nominal Size Clearance Hole Outside Diameter Thickness da
d1 d2 h
(Nominal Thread Nom. Max. Nom. Min. Nom. Max. Min. Max. Min.
Diameter, d) (Min.) (Max.)
1.6 1.7 1.84 4 3.7 0.3 0.35 0.25 2.05 1.8
2 2.2 2.34 5 4.7 0.3 0.35 0.25 2.65 2.4
2.5 2.7 2.84 6 5.7 0.5 0.55 0.45 3.15 2.9
3 3.2 3.38 7 6.64 0.5 0.55 0.45 3.7 3.4
3.5 3.7 3.88 8 7.64 0.5 0.55 0.45 4.2 3.9
4 4.3 4.48 9 8.64 0.8 0.9 0.7 4.8 4.5
5 5.3 5.48 10 9.64 1 1.1 0.9 5.8 5.5
6 6.4 6.62 12 11.57 1.6 1.8 1.4 6.9 6.6
8 8.4 8.62 16 15.57 1.6 1.8 1.4 9.4 9
10 10.5 10.77 20 19.48 2 2.2 1.8 11.4 11
12 13 13.27 24 23.48 2.5 2.7 2.3 13.9 13.5
14 15 15.27 28 27.48 2.5 2.7 2.3 15.9 15.5
16 17 17.27 30 29.48 3 3.3 2.7 17.9 17.5
20 21 21.33 37 36.38 3 3.3 2.7 22.5 22
24 25 25.33 44 43.38 4 4.3 3.7 26.5 26
30 31 31.39 56 55.26 4 4.3 3.7 33.6 33
36 37 37.62 66 64.8 5 5.6 4.4 40 39
42 45 45.62 78 76.8 8 9 7 46 45
48 52 52.74 92 90.6 8 9 7 53.2 52
56 62 62.74 105 103.6 10 11 9 63.2 62
64 70 70.74 115 113.6 10 11 9 71.2 70

Engineering Standards & 6 of 17 Printed copies are uncontrolled.

Systems Engineering (ESSE)
 FORD WORLDWIDE FASTENER STANDARD
Date: 1993-01-01
WF 900

Dimensional and Material Requirements and Mechanical Properties of Flat, Toothed, Conical, Bowed and Wavy
Washers

Dimensions of Flat Washers

Plain washers - Large series

Figure 4.

Table 4.

Dimensions in mm
Nominal Size Clearance Hole Outside Diameter Thickness
d1 d2 h
(Nominal Nom. Max. Nom. Min. Nom. Max. Min.
Thread (Min.) (Max.)
Diameter, d)
3 3.2 3.38 9 8.64 0.8 0.9 0.7
3.5 3.7 3.88 11 10.57 0.8 0.9 0.7
4 4.3 4.48 12 11.57 1 1.1 0.9
5 5.3 5.48 15 14.57 1.2 1.4 1
6 6.4 6.62 18 17.57 1.6 1.8 1.4
8 8.4 8.62 24 23.48 2 2.2 1.8
10 10.5 10.77 30 29.48 2.5 2.7 2.3
12 13 13.27 37 36.38 3 3.3 2.7
14 15 15.27 44 43.38 3 3.3 2.7
16 17 17.27 50 49.38 3 3.3 2.7
20 22 22.52 60 58.1 4 4.6 3.4
24 26 26.84 72 70.1 5 6 4
30 33 34 92 89.8 6 7 5
36 39 40 110 107.8 8 9.2 6.8

Engineering Standards & 7 of 17 Printed copies are uncontrolled.

Systems Engineering (ESSE)
 FORD WORLDWIDE FASTENER STANDARD
Date: 1993-01-01
WF 900

Dimensional and Material Requirements and Mechanical Properties of Flat, Toothed, Conical, Bowed and Wavy
Washers

Figure 5. Type A

Table 5.

Dimensions in mm
Clearance Hole d1 Outside Diameter d2 S
(H14) (h15)
Nominal Size Nom. Max. Nom. Min. Nom. Tol. Max. h1) Number Compression
(Thread (Min.) (Max.) Min. of Teeth Load
Size d) Min. N
1.6 1.7 1.95 3.7 3.22 0.3 +/- 0.03 0.6 8 -
2 2. 2.45 4.7 4.22 0.3 +/- 0.03 0.6 8 -
2.5 2.7 2.95 5.7 5.22 0.4 +/- 0.04 0.7 9 -
3 3.2 3.5 6.3 5.72 0.4 +/- 0.04 0.7 9 1560
4 4.3 4.6 8.3 7.72 0.5 +/- 0.04 0.9 11 2720
5 5.3 5.6 9.3 8.72 0.6 +/- 0.05 1 11 4400
6 6.4 6.76 11.3 10.6 0.7 +/- 0.05 1.1 12 6230
8 8.4 8.76 14.7 14 0.8 +/- 0.05 1.3 14 11400
10 10.5 10.93 18.4 17.56 0.9 +/- 0.05 1.4 16 18000
12 13 13.43 20.5 19.66 1 +/- 0.06 1.5 16 26100
16 17 17.43 26.4 25.56 1.2 +/- 0.07 1.8 18 48700
20 21 21.52 33 32 1.4 +/- 0.07 2 20 76000
24 25 25.52 38.4 37.4 1.5 +/- 0.08 2.2 20 109000
30 31 31.62 48.4 37.4 1.6 +/- 0.08 2.4 22 174000
1) Minimum value after compression test

Engineering Standards & 8 of 17 Printed copies are uncontrolled.

Systems Engineering (ESSE)
 FORD WORLDWIDE FASTENER STANDARD
Date: 1993-01-01
WF 900

Dimensional and Material Requirements and Mechanical Properties of Flat, Toothed, Conical, Bowed and Wavy
Washers

Figure 6. Type B

Table 6.

Dimensions in mm
Clearance Hole d1 Outside Diameter S
(H14) d2 (h15)
Nominal Size Nom. Max. Nom. Min. Nom. Tol. Max. h1) Min. Number Compression
(Thread (Min.) (Max.) of Teeth Load
Size d) Min. N
1.6 1.7 1.95 3.7 3.22 0.3 +/- 0.03 0.6 6 -
2 2. 2.45 4.7 4.22 0.3 +/- 0.03 0.6 6 -
2.5 2.7 2.95 5.7 5.22 0.4 +/- 0.04 0.7 6 -
3 3.2 3.5 6.3 5.72 0.4 +/- 0.04 0.7 6 1560
4 4.3 4.6 8.3 7.72 0.5 +/- 0.04 0.9 8 2720
5 5.3 5.6 9.3 8.72 0.6 +/- 0.05 1 8 4400
6 6.4 6.76 11.3 10.6 0.7 +/- 0.05 1.1 8 6230
8 8.4 8.76 14.7 14 0.8 +/- 0.05 1.3 8 11400
10 10.5 10.93 18.4 17.56 0.9 +/- 0.05 1.4 9 18000
12 13 13.43 20.5 19.66 1 +/- 0.06 1.5 10 26100
16 17 17.43 26.4 25.56 1.2 +/- 0.07 1.8 12 48700
20 21 21.52 33 32 1.4 +/- 0.07 2 12 76000
24 25 25.52 38.4 37.4 1.5 +/- 0.08 2.2 14 109000
30 31 31.62 48.4 37.4 1.6 +/- 0.08 2.4 14 174000

1) Minimum value after compression test

Engineering Standards & 9 of 17 Printed copies are uncontrolled.

Systems Engineering (ESSE)
 FORD WORLDWIDE FASTENER STANDARD
Date: 1993-01-01
WF 900

Dimensional and Material Requirements and Mechanical Properties of Flat, Toothed, Conical, Bowed and Wavy
Washers

Figure 7. Type C

Table 7.

Dimensions in mm
Clearance Hole d1 Outside Diameter S
(H14) d2 (h15)
Nominal Size Nom. Max. Nom. Min. Nom. Tol. h1) Number Compression
(Thread Size (Min.) (Max.) Max. Min. of Teeth Load
d) Min. N
1.6 1.7 1.95 3.7 3.22 0.3 +/- 0.03 0.6 6 -
2 2. 2.45 4.7 4.22 0.3 +/- 0.03 0.6 6 -
2.5 2.7 2.95 5.7 5.22 0.4 +/- 0.04 0.7 7 -
3 3.2 3.5 6.3 5.72 0.4 +/- 0.04 0.7 7 1560
4 4.3 4.6 8.3 7.72 0.5 +/- 0.04 0.9 8 2720
5 5.3 5.6 9.3 8.72 0.6 +/- 0.05 1 8 4400
6 6.4 6.76 11.3 10.6 0.7 +/- 0.05 1.1 9 6230
8 8.4 8.76 14.7 14 0.8 +/- 0.05 1.3 10 11400
10 10.5 10.93 18.4 17.56 0.9 +/- 0.05 1.4 12 18000
12 13 13.43 20.5 19.66 1 +/- 0.06 1.5 12 26100
16 17 17.43 26.4 25.56 1.2 +/- 0.07 1.8 14 48700
20 21 21.52 33 32 1.4 +/- 0.07 2 16 76000
24 25 25.52 38.4 37.4 1.5 +/- 0.08 2.2 16 109000
30 31 31.62 48.4 37.4 1.6 +/- 0.08 2.4 18 174000

1) Minimum value after compression test

Engineering Standards & 10 of 17 Printed copies are uncontrolled.

Systems Engineering (ESSE)
 FORD WORLDWIDE FASTENER STANDARD
Date: 1993-01-01
WF 900

Dimensional and Material Requirements and Mechanical Properties of Flat, Toothed, Conical, Bowed and Wavy
Washers

Figure 8. Type D

Table 8.

Dimensions in mm
Clearance Hole d1 Outside Diameter S
(H14) d2 (h15)
Nominal Size Nom. Max. Nom. Min. Nom. Tol. Max. h1) Number Compression
(Thread Size (Min.) (Max.) Min. of Teeth Load
d) Min. N
1.6 1.7 1.95 3.7 3.22 0.3 +/- 0.03 0.6 6 -
2 2. 2.45 4.7 4.22 0.3 +/- 0.03 0.6 6 -
2.5 2.7 2.95 5.7 5.22 0.4 +/- 0.04 0.7 6 -
3 3.2 3.5 6.3 5.72 0.4 +/- 0.04 0.7 6 1560
4 4.3 4.6 8.3 7.72 0.5 +/- 0.04 0.9 8 2720
5 5.3 5.6 9.3 8.72 0.6 +/- 0.05 1 8 4400
6 6.4 6.76 11.3 10.6 0.7 +/- 0.05 1.1 8 6230
8 8.4 8.76 14.7 14 0.8 +/- 0.05 1.3 8 11400
10 10.5 10.93 18.4 17.56 0.9 +/- 0.05 1.4 9 18000
12 13 13.43 20.5 19.66 1 +/- 0.06 1.5 10 26100
16 17 17.43 26.4 25.56 1.2 +/- 0.07 1.8 12 48700
20 21 21.52 33 32 1.4 +/- 0.07 2 12 76000
24 25 25.52 38.4 37.4 1.5 +/- 0.08 2.2 14 109000
30 31 31.62 48.4 37.4 1.6 +/- 0.08 2.4 14 174000

1) Minimum value after compression test

Engineering Standards & 11 of 17 Printed copies are uncontrolled.

Systems Engineering (ESSE)
 FORD WORLDWIDE FASTENER STANDARD
Date: 1993-01-01
WF 900

Dimensional and Material Requirements and Mechanical Properties of Flat, Toothed, Conical, Bowed and Wavy
Washers.

Figure 9. Type E Figure 10. Type F

Table 9. Table 10.

d1 1) d3 S +/- d1 1) d3 S +/-
H13 Ref. Nom. Tol. H13 Ref. Nom. Tol.
1.7 - - - 1.7 - - -
1.8 - - - 1.8 - - -
1.9 - - - 1.9 - - -
2.2 4.2 0.2 0.02 2.2 4.2 0.2 0.02
2.5 - 0.2 0.02 2.5 - 0.2 0.02
2.7 5.1 0.2 0.02 2.7 5.1 0.2 0.02
2.8 - 0.2 0.02 2.8 - 0.2 0.02
3.2 6 0.2 0.02 3.2 6 0.2 0.02
3.7 7 0.25 0.03 3.7 7 0.25 0.03
4.3 8 0.25 0.03 4.3 8 0.25 0.03
5.1 - - - 5.1 - - -
5.3 9.8 0.3 0.03 5.3 9.8 0.3 0.03
6.4 11.8 0.4 0.04 6.4 11.8 0.4 0.04
7.4 - - - 7.4 - - -
8.2 - - - 8.2 - - -
8.4 15.3 0.4 0.04 8.4 15.3 0.4 0.04
10.5 19 0.5 0.04 10.5 19 0.5 0.04
12.5 23 0.5 0.04 12.5 23 0.5 0.04
14.5 26.2 0.6 0.05 14.5 26.2 0.6 0.05
16.5 30.2 0.6 0.05 16.5 30.2 0.6 0.05
19 - - - 19 - - -
21 - - - 21 - - -
23 - - - 23 - - -
25 - - - 25 - - -
28 - - - 28 - - -
31 - - - 31 - - -

1) For dimensional requirements of the washer component of screw or nut and washer assemblies see Table 1.

Engineering Standards & 12 of 17 Printed copies are uncontrolled.

Systems Engineering (ESSE)
 FORD WORLDWIDE FASTENER STANDARD
Date: 1993-01-01
WF 900

Dimensional and Material Requirements and Mechanical Properties of Flat, Toothed, Conical, Bowed and Wavy
Washers

Figure 11. Dimensions of toothed, conical, bowed and wavy washers

Engineering Standards & 13 of 17 Printed copies are uncontrolled.

Systems Engineering (ESSE)
 FORD WORLDWIDE FASTENER STANDARD
Date: 1993-01-01
WF 900

Dimensional and Material Requirements and Mechanical Properties of Flat, Toothed, Conical, Bowed and Wavy
Washers

Table 11. Free height and compressed height

Washer d1 Nominal Size (mm) 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 8 10 12

Type
Toothed Free h1 max - - - - 1.6 1.6 2.2 2.5 2.8 3.2
min - - - - 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.8
1) 2)
Countersunk Type Free h Min 1.5 x distributed equally either side of the centerline of the material
After Compression (2 minutes min)
h2 s + 10%
Compression Load N - - - - 2720 4400 6230 11400 26100 -
Conical Free h1 max - 0.72 0.85 1.06 1.3 1.55 2 2.6 3.2 3.95
1)
s - 0.4+ 0.5+ 0.5+ 0.8+ 1+ 1.2+ 2+ 2+ 2.5+
0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.1
After Compression (2 minutes min) - 0.61 0.72 0.92 1.12 1.35 1.7 2.24 2.8 3.43
h2 min
Compression Load N - 1100 1500 2700 4000 6550 9250 17000 27100 39500
Bowed Free h1 max - - 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.2 3.4 4 -
1)
s - - 0.5+0.05 0.5+0.05 0.8+0.0 0.8+0.06 0.8+0.06 1+0.07 1+0.07 -
6
After Compression (2 minutes min) - - 1 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.7 3.2 -
h2 min
Compression Load N - - 1700 2200 2900 4700 6700 12200 19300 -
Wavy Free h1 max - - 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.6 3 4.2 5
s1) - - 0.5+0.05 0.5+0.05 0.5+0.0 0.5+0.05 0.5+0.05 0.8+0. 1+0.07 1.2+0.0
5 06 7
After Compression (2 minutes min) - - 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.4 3.4 4
h2 min
Compression Load N - - 1700 2200 2900 4700 6700 12200 19300 28000

NOTE: The above requirements also apply to the washer component of screw or nut and washer assemblies including those instances
where the washer is subjected to heat treatment in the assembled condition.

1) S = Material thickness
2) For material thickness of toothed washers see Tables 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 as appropriate.

Engineering Standards & 14 of 17 Printed copies are uncontrolled.

Systems Engineering (ESSE)
 FORD WORLDWIDE FASTENER STANDARD
Date: 1993-01-01
WF 900

Dimensional and Material Requirements and Mechanical Properties of Flat, Toothed, Conical, Bowed and Wavy
Washers

Table 12. Material, heat treatment and hardness

Washer Material, Heat Material Heat Treatment Hardness

Treat & Hardness
Type
Flat A Steel - 160 - 320HV
Flat B Steel Harden and Temper 300 - 390HV
Toothed C Steel Harden and Temper 410 - 520HV
Conical
Bowed
Wavy Austemper 450 - 570HV
Flat D1) Steel Case Harden and Core 370HV max
Temper
Surface 450HV min
Flat E2) Steel Harden and Temper 160 - 430HV

NOTE: The above requirements also apply to the washer component of screw
or nut and washer assemblies.

1) This material is intended for use in case hardened and tempered sheet
metal screw and washer assemblies.

2) This material is intended for use in through hardened and carbon

restored screw and washer assemblies.

Engineering Standards & 15 of 17 Printed copies are uncontrolled.

Systems Engineering (ESSE)
 FORD WORLDWIDE FASTENER STANDARD
Date: 1993-01-01
WF 900

Dimensional and Material Requirements and Mechanical Properties of Flat, Toothed, Conical, Bowed and Wavy
Washers
1. GENERAL.
The clearance holes for washers should be chosen in accordance with those specified in ISO 273, i.e., fine
series for all types of washers of product grade A and medium series for all types of washers of product
grade C. However, for grade A washers of 6mm thickness and over, the clearance hole medium series is
applicable.
NOTE: Product grade C does not apply to stainless steel washers.
2. OUTSIDE DIAMETERS.
The outside diameters for washers should be chosen from the following series.
Values in mm
2.5 8 18 39 80 125 190
3 9 20 44 85 135 200
3.5 10 22 50 92 140 210
4 11 24 56 98 145 220
4.5 12 28 60 105 160 230
5 14 30 66 110 165 240
6 15 34 72 115 175 250
7 16 37 78 120 180 250

3. THICKNESS.
The thicknesses for washers should be chosen from the following series.
Values in mm
0.3 1 2 4 8 14
0.5 1.2 2.5 5 10 16
0.8 1.6 3 6 12 18

4. TOLERANCES.
The tolerances for washers should be chosen in accordance with those specified in ISO 4759/3.
5. PREFERRED COMBINATIONS FOR PLAIN WASHERS.

Engineering Standards & 16 of 17 Printed copies are uncontrolled.

Systems Engineering (ESSE)
 FORD WORLDWIDE FASTENER STANDARD
Date: 1993-01-01
WF 900

Dimensional and Material Requirements and Mechanical Properties of Flat, Toothed, Conical, Bowed and Wavy
Washers

Design data - Dimensions of flat washers

Table 13. Preferred combinations for plain washers

Dimensions in mm
Nominal d1 Series
Size Grade Small Normal Interim Large Extra Large
(Thread ISO
Size d) ISO 7092 ISO ISO ISO 7083 ISO 7084
A1) C d2 h Grade A d2 h 7089 7090 7091 d2 h d2 h Grade A d2 h Grade C
Grade A Grade C Grade C and C
1 1.1 1.2 2.5 0.3 3 0.3
1.2 1.3 1.4 3 0.3 3.5 0.3
1.4 1.5 1.6 3 0.3 4 0.3
1.6 1.7 1.8 3.5 0.3 X 4 0.3 X 5 0.3
1.8 2 2.1 4 0.3 4.5 0.3 - -
2 2.2 2.4 4.5 0.3 X 5 0.3 X 6 0.5
2.2 2.4 2.6 4.5 0.3 6 0.5 - -
2.5 2.7 2.9 5 0.5 X 6 0.5 X 8 0.5
3 3.2 3.4 6 0.5 X 7 0.5 X 9 0.8 X
3.5 3.7 3.9 7 0.5 X 8 0.5 X 9 0.5 11 0.8 X
4 4.3 4.5 8 0.5 X 9 0.8 X 10 0.8 12 1 X
4.5 4.8 5 9 0.8 10 0.8 - - 15 1
5 5.3 5.5 9 1 X 10 1 X X X 12 1 15 1.2 X 18 2 X
6 6.4 6.8 11 1.6 X 12 1.6 X X X 15 1.2 18 1.6 X 22 2 X
7 7.4 7.8 12 1.6 14 1.6 - - 22 2 24 2
8 8.4 9 15 1.6 X 16 1.6 X X X 20 1.6 24 2 X 28 3 X
10 10.5 11 18 1.6 X 20 2 X X X 24 2 30 2.5 X 34 3 X
12 13 13.5 20 2 X 24 2.5 X X X 30 2.5 37 3 X 44 4 X
14 15 15.5 24 2.5 X 28 2.5 X X X - - 44 3 X 50 4 X
16 17 17.5 28 2.5 X 30 3 X X X 39 3 50 3 X 56 5 X
18 19 20 30 3 34 3 - - 56 4 60 5
20 21 22 34 3 X 37 3 X X X 50 3 60 4 X 72 6 X
22 23 24 37 3 39 3 66 5 80 6
24 25 26 39 4 X 44 4 X X X 72 5 X 85 6 X
27 28 30 44 4 50 4 85 6 98 6
30 31 33 50 4 X 56 4 X X X 92 6 X 105 6 X
33 34 36 56 5 60 5 105 6 115 8
36 37 39 60 5 X 66 5 X X X 110 8 125 8 X
39 42 42 72 6 120 8 140 10
42 45 45 78 8 X X X 125 10
45 48 48 85 8 135 10
48 52 52 92 8 X X X 145 10
52 56 56 98 8 160 10
56 62 62 105 10 X X X
60 66 66 110 10
64 70 70 115 10 X X X
68 74 120 10
72 78 125 10
76 82 135 10
80 86 140 12
85 91 145 12
90 96 160 12
95 101 165 12
100 107 175 14
105 112 180 14
110 117 185 14
115 122 200 14
120 127 210 16
125 132 220 16
130 137 230 16
140 147 240 18
1) Washers grade A, of 6mm thickness and over have clearance holes, medium series.

Engineering Standards & 17 of 17 Printed copies are uncontrolled.

Systems Engineering (ESSE)