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Horizontal and vertical

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Purpose and Outcome

 Outcome: Students will understand the types of

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History

Persian drag machine

An early mill on the

Types
 Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT)
 Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT)

HAWT

VAWT HAWT
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VAWT
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HAWT VAWT
 Main rotor shaft and  Main rotor shaft
electrical generator at arranged vertically
the top of the tower  The generator and
 Must be pointed into the gearbox can be placed
wind near the ground
 Does not need to be
pointed into the wind
 Relatively low rotational
speed

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Wind resource

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[Entec]
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Turbulence

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[Roth, 2000]
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Small scale
 Rated power of less than 50kW

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[Carbon trust]
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Turbine comparison
Swift rooftop
micro HAWT wind turbine
Power rating
(kW) 0.6 1.5

Mean annual
output (kWh) 870 / 164 * 2000-3000
Rotor diameter
(m) 1.7 2
Lifetime (y) 15 20
Rated velocity
(m/s) 12 12
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Annual energy output

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Input energy
 Component manufacture
 Transportation
 Installation and maintenance

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Turbine
components

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Payback time
Annual output Input energy
energy (MJ) (MJ) Payback time (y)

Mean urban
micro wind
turbine 590 5320 9

Mean open
micro wind
turbine 3130 5320 1.7

SWIFT rooftop
wind turbine 9000 22630 2.5

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References
 Bahaj, A. S.,Myers, L., and James, P. A. B. Urban energy generation: influence of micro-
wind turbine output on electricity consumption in buildings.EnergyBuild., 2007, 39(2), 154–
165.
 Sahin,A.D.,Dincer, I.,andRosen,M. A.Thermodynamic analysis of wind energy. Int. J.
Energy Res., 2006, 30(8), 553–566.
 Betz, A. Windenergie und ihre Ausnutzung durch Windmühlen, 1946 (Vandenhoek and
Ruprecht, Göttingen).
 Entec - http://www.entec-international.com/
 Roth, M. Review of atmospheric turbulence over cities. Q. J. R.Meteorol. Soc., 2000, 126,
941–990.
 S. R. Allen, G. P. Hammond, and M. C. McManus, Energy analysis and environmental
life cycle assessment of a micro-wind turbine, J. Power and Energy, 2008, 669-683.
 DBERR. Energy consumption tables: domestic energy consumption tables. 2007, available
from:http://www.dti.gov.uk/energy/statistics/publications/ecuk/domestic/page18071.html
, accessed 13 August 2007.
 DCLG. Live tables on stock. 2007, available from:
http://www.communities.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1156006,accessed 13 August 2007.
 Department of tradeSNSCE/EEE/
and industry, UK energy in brief, 2005 (DTI, London).
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THE

THE END
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