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Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology:: EEE 307 Electrical Properties of Material

This document is a student assignment on numerically analyzing the energy of a particle using the Kronig-Penney model. It includes: 1) An introduction to the energy band concept and the Schrodinger equation solved using Bloch's theorem for an electron confined in a periodic potential. 2) Matlab code that calculates the energy (E) and wave vector (k) values for different values of the potential (V) and lattice constant (a). 3) Plots of the energy-wave vector relationship that show the extended and reduced energy bands.

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Abir Hassan
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123 views6 pages

Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology:: EEE 307 Electrical Properties of Material

This document is a student assignment on numerically analyzing the energy of a particle using the Kronig-Penney model. It includes: 1) An introduction to the energy band concept and the Schrodinger equation solved using Bloch's theorem for an electron confined in a periodic potential. 2) Matlab code that calculates the energy (E) and wave vector (k) values for different values of the potential (V) and lattice constant (a). 3) Plots of the energy-wave vector relationship that show the extended and reduced energy bands.

Uploaded by

Abir Hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology

Course No: EEE 307

Course Name: Electrical Properties of Material

Assignment on

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF ENERGY OF A PARTICLE USING KRONIG-


PENNEY MODEL

Prepared for, Prepared by,


Dr. Md. Kawsar Alam Name: Md. Abir Hassan
Assistant Professor, Students’ ID: 1106132
Dept. of EEE, BUET Level: III ; Term: I
Section: C

Date of submission: 20-04-2015


 Energy Band:

Consider the following figure,

Solving Schrodinger Equation for an electron confined in the above region


by using Bloch’s theorem we get:

sin 𝛽𝑎
cos 𝑘𝑎 = P + cos 𝛽𝑎
𝛽𝑎

where
2𝑚𝐸
β=√
ℏ2

𝑚𝑉𝑜 𝑏𝑎
P=
ℏ2

2𝜋𝑛
K= we’ve assumed p=10
𝑁𝑎
 Matlab Code:

clear all;
clc;
close all;
m=9.1e-31;
a=7e-10;
Ba=-(5*pi):0.001:(5*pi);
L=Ba/pi;
p=10;
h=(6.63e-34)/(2*pi);
Y=p*sinc(L)+cos(Ba);
plot(L,Y)

for i=1:length(Y)
if(Ba(i)>=0)
k=i;
break
end
end

count=0;
y=acos(Y);

while 1
if (Y(k)<=1 && Y(k)>=-1)
count=count+1;
b=0;
while (Y(k)<=1 && Y(k)>=-1)
b=b+1;
E(count,b)=(Ba(k)^2)*h^2/(2*m*(a^2));
ka(count,b)=y(k)+(count-1)*pi;
k=k+1;
if k>length(Y)
break
end
end
Ef=E(count,:)/1.6e-19;
ka1=ka(count,:)/pi;
ka2=-ka(count,:)/pi;
plot(ka1,Ef);
xlabel('ka/pi');
ylabel('E');
hold on;
plot(ka2,Ef);
end
k=k+1;
if k>length(Y)
break;
end
end

shift=0;

while 1
if y(i)>=-1 && y(i)<=1
shift=shift+1;
b=0;
while y(i)>=-1 && y(i)<=1
b=b+1;
E1(shift,b)=(Ba(i)^2)*h^2/(2*m*(a^2));
ka1(shift,b)=y(i);
i=i+1;
if i>length(Y)
break
end
end
E_ev1=E1(shift,:)/1.6e-19;
ka_pi1=ka1(shift,:)/pi;
n1=length(E_ev1);
if ka_pi1(1)>ka_pi1(2)
l=0;
for f=(n1+1):2*n1
E_ev1(f)=E_ev1(n1-l);
ka_pi1(f)=-ka_pi1(n1-l);
l=l+1;
end
else
en=E_ev1;
ka_v=ka_pi1;
ka_m=-ka_pi1;
i1=0;
for j2=1:n1
E_ev1(j2)=en(n1-i1);
ka_pi1(j2)=ka_m(n1-i1);
i1=i1+1;
end
i2=1;
for j2=n1+1:2*n1
E_ev1(j2)=en(i2);
ka_pi1(j2)=ka_v(i2);
i2=i2+1;
end
end
plot(ka_pi1,E_ev1);
xlabel('ka/pi');
ylabel('E in ev');
hold on;
end
k=k+1;
if k>length(Y)
break;
end
end

 Output graph:
 Extended zone:

 Reduced zone:

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