Senior High School

(Gr.11/12)

English for Academic and

Professional Purposes
Quarter 1
Module 1: Reading and Writing
Academic Texts

Prepared by:
SWEETSEL V. RODRIGUEZ
Teacher I, Subject Teacher

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English for Academic and Professional Purposes (EAPP)
English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Quarter 1: Module 1 – Academic Reading and Writing
(Week 1 to Week 3)

What I Need to Know?

This is a teacher-made Module in English for Academic and Professional

Purposes designs to help senior high school learners enhance their
communication skills particularly with reading and writing. It will also enable
learners to use the English language in various situations and disciplines that will
help them later, in university level and even in professional workplace.
This Module has (3) three parts or lessons: Lesson one (1) deals about
Reading Academic Texts; Understanding Academic Texts; Lesson two (2) deals
on Reading Academic Texts; Text Structure, Types and Its Purpose including
Thesis Statement; and the last lesson, Lesson three (3) is on Reading Academic
Texts; Techniques in Summarizing Academic Texts including Outlining.
Every part of the module contains essential lessons and exercises that will
help and enhance communications skills of the learners specifically with reading
and writing.

What is expected to do?

Learning Objectives: At the end of this module, the learner shall be able to:
a. define academic text;
b. determine language style in academic writing;
c. differentiate language style used in academic texts
from various disciplines;

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 Reminders

This module has this separate Activity Sheets for you to study. Before you
proceed, here are some reminders that you must follow:
1. Read and understand each lesson.
2. Follow instructions CAREFULLY.
3. Take note and record points if necessary during the consultation/online
class meeting.
4. Make sure to answer all the given activities in your separate Answer Sheet
(Intermediate Pad Paper) before submission.
5. Use only black/blue pen.
6. Don’t be hesitant to ASK questions to your subject teacher if you need
clarifications.
7. Make sure to check your Answer Sheet if it is Complete before the date of
the Submission.
8. Incomplete Answer Sheet/ answer will not be accepted during the retrieval
of the Activity Sheets/AS.

Good Luck as you Begin! 

God bless.

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 Table of Contents

Overview Page No.

What I need to Know?……………………………………………………………………………2

What is Expected to Do?…………………………………………………………………………2
Reminders………………………………………………………………………………………………3
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………………….4
Week 1 - Lesson 1
Understanding Academic Texts……………………………………………………………..5-7
Academic and Professional Writing Style and Rhetorical Situation………..7-10
References……………………………………………………………………………………………………..11

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English for Academic and Professional Purposes (EAPP)
 Week 1- Lesson 1: Understanding Academic
Texts

What is Academic Writing?

Academic writing is clear, concise, focused, structured and backed up by evidence.
Its purpose is to aid the reader’s understanding.
It has a formal tone and style, but it is not complex and does not require the use of
long sentences and complicated vocabulary.
Is generally a quite formal, objective (impersonal), and technical.

Characteristics
1. Formal
2. Objective (Impersonal)
3. Technical

Formal
- An academic text is formal by avoiding casual or conversational language such
as contractions or informal vocabulary. It uses appropriate language and tenses,
and is clear, concise and balanced.

Objective/Impersonal
- It is impersonal at the same time objective because it avoids direct reference to
people or feelings instead it emphasizes objects, facts, and ideas. It well focuses
on the idea rather than the people or emotion that being portrayed.

Technical
- A text is technical by using vocabulary wordings and references used has a clear
focus on the issue. It also includes accurate word choice.

Examples
Academic Texts Non-academic Texts
Essays Resolutions
Contracts
Concept Papers Application Papers
Reaction Papers Business Documents
Position Papers Oath/Pledges
Journalistic Articles
Reports (Educational) Editorials/Cartoons
Research Papers Science Feature

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Note:
An academic text should consider…
 Formal Tone (FT)
 Uses Third Person (UTP)
 Clear Focuses on the Topic (CFT)
 Precise Word Choice (PWC)

https://eappdaily.wordpress.com/2018/09/17/lesson-1-academic-writing/

A. Purposes and Types of Academic and Professional Writing

Writing in the university level and in the workplace is done with a clear
purpose in the mind. The most common reasons for writing are the following:
 to report findings form research endeavors
 to discuss a concept to a greater populace
 to formulate a solution to a problem
 to evaluate programs and personnel
Academic and professional reports come in different forms. Each type
serves a specific purpose and follows an acceptable format. Below are some
of the common types of written work produced by students and professionals
alike.

What are the most popular types of Academic Texts?

Types of Academic Texts
Types Purpose
1. Article - Means of publishing results of research or
development to the community
- Claims, proves, argues, implies
- Aims at impact on the academic community
(offers concepts, methods for others to use
- Main type of academic writing
2. Conference Paper - Often – preliminary stage of a journal article
- Edited further for journal publication, taking
advantage of feedback from peers
3. Blog Article - Approaches journal articles and wiki articles
- Independent of a publisher
- Defines its relationship of the community
independently
- Lacks authorization of an institution
4. Collaborative Wiki Article - Complies with standards (e.g. Wikipedia)
- (Semi-) automatic feedback, classification,
tagging
- (Semi-) automated deletion
- Collaborative editing and revision
- Instant review – Quick revision

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 5. Essay - Small scale article
- Sometimes like newspaper column
- Often argues for a concept, standpoint, or
opinion
- Related to study foci (focus)
- Personal, sometimes diary like
6. Blog Post - Diary-like
- Web-based
- Essay-like
- Communicative, discursive
7. Proposal - Half-academic
- Proposes a research or development
project
- Sets premises, starting points, brands and
concepts
- Establishes partnership and consortium
- Frames resources: human, technology,
facilities, budget
8. Report Statement of:
- Work in progress
- Financial results and outcomes: demos
- Academic or non-academic
9. Review - Evaluates and contextualize someone
else’s publications
- Establishes the value of a publication
10. Popularization Not Academic:
- Purpose market and make the discipline
known
- Does not assume systematic referencing
- Wide audience. Avoids disciplinary slang.
11. - Master Theses
Thesis/Dissertation/Monograph - Doctoral Theses
- Senior contributions
- Course books

B. Features of Academic and Professional Writing

1. Formality
Register refers to the degree of formality of language use, while tone
pertains to the writer’s attitude or treatment of the subject matter. The register
and tone in academic writing are expected to be formal and professional. This
means that the written output adheres to the set standards acceptable in the
academic and professional community.
To achieve formality in writing, keep in mind the following points:

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English for Academic and Professional Purposes (EAPP)
 a. Avoid contractions.
A contraction is a common feature of spoken language but in formal
writing, it is avoided. It is best to spell out phrases to achieve the formality
required in writing. Therefore, use:
 cannot instead of can’t
 have not instead of haven’t
 will not instead of won’t
 could not instead of couldn’t
 is not instead of isn’t
b. Avoid figurative language.
Formal writing adheres to direct and clear expressions and avoids creating
multiple meanings that can confuse readers.
Figurative Language Formal Language
You should start investing now because Investing at a young age is an important
as the old adage goes, “Opportunity decision one has to make to secure a
knocks only once”. good financial situation in the future.

c. Observe rules in writing numbers and acronyms.

Generally, spell out numbers less than one hundred (i.e., ninety, forty,
twenty-six). In using acronyms, be sure to provide what the acronym stands
for the first time it appears on the paper and then put the acronym within
parentheses. Therefore, you can write the acronym only to refer to the same
entity.
Example:
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA) last Monday declared the start of the summer
season as the ridge of High Pressure Area (HPA) extended across Luzon.
PAGASA reminds everybody to stay hydrated and avoid sun exposure
especially from 10 AM to 4 PM as this may cause sunburn.

d. Avoid slang and colloquial expressions.

Slang and colloquial expressions are typically used in casual spoken
conversation but may appear weak and inappropriate when used in formal
writing. Expressions like a lot, wanna, gonna, kinda, sort of, should be
replaced with several or many, want to, going to, somewhat, and rather.
e. Consider the type, purpose, and reader of the written output in
choosing the appropriate point of view.
Most academic written output such as thesis and dissertation use the
third person perspective where the writer refers to oneself as ‘the researcher’
instead of using the first person ‘I’.

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 In professional writing, though, the choice of point of view largely
depend upon the purpose and the reader.

2. Objectivity
In academic writing, the writer avoids expressing personal opinions
about the subject matter and resorts to facts in presenting evidence.
Expressions like I believe, in my opinion, and I think focus attention
on opinion rather than on facts and therefore undermine the value of
research and scholarly work. Use phrases like the results show, the
data indicates that, the findings suggests that, which have more
credibility in writing.

3. Structure
Any type of academic and professional writing generally follows an
organized structure and format, which guides the readers in understanding
the text. Most essays, for example, are divided into introduction, body and
conclusion in presenting the information. Research output like thesis and
dissertation have several sections that discuss the research proceedings
more comprehensively.

4. Hedging
Practicing caution in the use of language is important in academic and
professional writing to distinguish between facts and claims. Hedging, a
technique used by writers by resorting to tentative language, is often
employed in argumentative essays to show a high level of credibility on the
part of the writer. In research, hedging is usually reflected in the
recommendations part where the writer wants to appear to be suggesting and
not imposing.
introductory verbs seem, tend, appear, indicate, suggest
certain modal verbs would, may, might, could
adverbs of frequency often, usually, sometimes
modal verbs clearly, certainly, definitely, possibly

C. The Rhetorical Situation in Writing

Understanding the circumstances in which you write (rhetorical
situation) is an important step toward a purposeful writing process. This
means that as you prepare to write, you examine several factors that will
affect what, why, and how you write.

1. Purpose
Why are you writing? What do you hope to achieve? These are
important questions to consider as you embark on a writing task. These
are several purposes for writing academically and professionally – to
inform, educate, and persuade.

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 Purpose for Examples
Writing
to inform thesis/dissertation, research journals, news articles, office
memorandum, company reports
to educate medical pamphlets/leaflets/brochures, corporate
workshop modules, training manuals
to persuade Editorials, position paper, project proposals

2. Audience
In academic and professional writing, the audience is a primary
consideration because they are the ones you are directly communicating
with. Understanding and adapting to your audience can fulfill your purpose
for writing.
3. Topic
The topic is an important element in the rhetorical situation since
the entire output revolves around it. Choosing a specific, relevant, focused
topic is a crucial step every writer must undertake. The choice of topic is of
course based on the discipline you are writing about.

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Reference:
Online Sources
https://eappdaily.wordpress.com/2018/09/17/lesson-1-academic-writing/

https://www.slideshare.net/jocose/types-of-academic-texts-2063947

https://www.slideshare.net/medhatmohsen1/academic-language-
58241961?next_slideshow=1

https://brainly.ph/question/369717

http://www.nea.org/tools/using-text-structure.html

https://www.slideshare.net/tinelachica04/eappparaphrasing-and-summarizing

https://www.coursehero.com/file/32684632/techniques-in-summarizing-academic-
textspdf/

https://www.summarizing.biz/all-summarizing-strategies/

https://www.thoughtco.com/summarizing-strategies-for-students-4582332

https://plagiarism.org/

http://style.mla.org

Books
Jessie S. Barrot, Ph.D. (2016). Academic Reading & Writing for Senior High
School. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.

Rachel T. Cayog and Pauly n A. Datu (2019). LEAP: Learning English for
Academic and Professional Purposes. Quezon City: The Phoenix Publishing
House Inc.

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