CLASS 2

PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS

PRESENTE CONTINUADO

El "present continuous" se utiliza para acciones temporales y para describir lo que ocurre en el
momento del habla.

FORMA GRAMATICAL
 El "present continuous" de cualquier verbo se compone de dos partes: el presente del verbo to
be + el "present participle" del verbo principal.

(Para formar el "present participle":  raíz+ing, e.g. talking, playing, moving, smiling)

Afirmativa

Sujet + to be + raíz

o + ing

She is talking.

Negativa

Sujet + to be + + raíz

o not + ing

She is not (isn't) talking

Interrogativa

to be + sujeto + raíz
 + ing

Is she talking?

Esta tabla compara el uso del present simple y present continuous en inglés.

Present Simple Present Continuous

ahora mismo
sucesión de hechos
Ejemplo:
Ejemplo: The Smiths are going on holiday.
They take a taxi to the station, check the timetable At the moment, they are
and get on the train. standing in front of the time
table.
citas, horarios personales
hora estipulada en un horario o programa
Ejemplo:
Ejemplo:
At 6 pm they are meeting Ben’s
The train leaves at 15:12 and arrives in Brighton at 16:45.
aunt in Brighton.

hechos cotidianos o regulares (always, often, never) hechos temporales, válidos a corto plazo

Ejemplo: Ejemplo:

She studies law in London. She is working as a waitress in

Brighton during the summer
They usually go on holiday by train. holiday.

Marcadores temporales

Los marcadores temporales nos permiten identificar el tiempo en el que debe expresarse una oración.
A continuación, te presentamos una tabla que compara los marcadores temporales que se usan con
frecuencia con el presente simple y el presente continuo en inglés.

Present Simple Present Continuous

 always  at the moment
 every day/month/…  now
 often  right now
 normally  Listen!
 usually  Look!
 sometimes  today
 rarely  this week
 Present Simple Present Continuous
 never
 this summer
 first
 this year
 then

PRESENTE SIMPLE

El present simple se utiliza en inglés para expresar:

 situaciones que se producen de forma regular o habitual, que se suelen acompañar de

marcadores temporales (always, never, rarely, often);
Ejemplo:

He plays football every Tuesday.

 acciones que se suceden;
Ejemplo:

After school Colin goes home, packs his bag, puts on his football shirt and then he goes to
football training.
 situaciones de validez general;
Ejemplo:

A forward tries to score goals for his team.

 actividades futuras que forman parte de un programa u horario;
Ejemplo:

The bus leaves at half past four.

His training starts at five o’clock.
 oraciones que expresan situaciones estables o de validez permanente o que contienen verbos
relacionados con el pensamiento o la memoria.
Ejemplo:

Colin likes football.
He is a forward.

Form (Forma)
Para conjugar el presente simple usamos el infinitivo para los sujetos “I”, “you”, “we” y “they” y
para las terceras personas “he”, “she” y “it”, añadimos una “-S” al final del verbo.

Sujeto Conjugación

I, you, we, they talk, eat, learn, do, go…

he, she, it talks, eats, learns, does, goes…

1. Verbos que terminan en consonante + “y”: la “y” cambia a “i” y añadimos “es”.
Ejemplos:
Fly (Flies) / Volar (Vuela)
Study (Studies) / Estudiar (Estudia)
2. Palabras que terminan en vocal + “y”: añadimos una “s”.
Ejemplos:
Play…….Plays
3. Palabras que terminan en “s”, “ss”, “sh”, “ch”, “x”, “o”: añadimos “es”.
Ejemplos:

  brush → brushes(cepillo/s)
  watch → watches(reloj/es)
Go (Goes) / Ir (Va)

Formación del "simple present": to think

Afirmativ Interrogativa Negativa

a

I think Do I think? I do not think

You think Do you think? You do not think

He thinks Does he think? He does not think

She thinks Does she think? She does not think

It thinks Does it think? It does not think

We think Do we think? We do not think.

They think Do they think? They do not think.

EXERCISES
A) Choose the correct option. Marcar con color la respuesta correcta

1. I eat / eats vegetables every day.

2. You rarely drink / drinks coke.
3. Pamela like / likes strawberries.
4. Richard and Paul like / likes watermelon.
5. Peter adore / adores chicken.
6. Susan never have / has breakfast.
B) Fill in with the Present Simple of the verbs given.
1. Harry __________ (eat) an ice-cream a day.
2. Violet ____________________ (hate) garlic.
3. They _______________ (eat) soup regularly.
4. Children usually _____________ (like) soup.
5. Daniel _____________ (enjoy) eating pasta.
6. I always ____________ (eat) lunch at home.
7. We usually ______ (drink) milk for breakfast.

C) Fill in with Do or Does.

1. ______________ you like salad?

2. ______________ Paul like peas?
3. ______________ they eat bananas?
4. ______________ Charles drink juice?
5. ______________ your cat drink milk?
6. ______________ Sally like cheese?

D) Rewrite the sentences in the interrogative.

1. They prepare dinner.
-------------------------------------------------
2. Sally and Alan like broccoli.
-------------------------------------------------
3. David drinks lemonade.
-------------------------------------------------
4. Emma likes peaches. -------------------------

E) Fill in with don’t or doesn’t.

1. Mark _______________________ like salad.

2. Bella _________________ eat watermelon.
3. Mark and I ________________ drink tea.
4. My mother _______________ drink wine.
5. David and Philip ______________ like peas.
6. I ___________________ eat lettuce.

F) Rewrite the sentences in the negative.

1. I eat oranges.
 ---------------------------------------------------
2. Kate likes butter.
---------------------------------------------------
3. Julie and Garry drink much water.
---------------------------------------------------
G) Write the answer according to the symbol.

1. Does Rita like strawberries?

-------------------------------------------- ()
2. Do they eat yoghurt?
-------------------------------------------- ()
3. Does Susie like garlic soup?
-------------------------------------------- ()
4. Does your father eat lunch at home?
-------------------------------------------- ()
5. Do your parents prepare meals?
-------------------------------------------- ()
6. Does Sophie like fish?
-------------------------------------------- ()

F) Write the - ing form of the verbs:

 
A) come _____________
B) Take _____________
C) Fly ______________
D) Swim ____________
E) Study ___________
F) Stud_____________

H) Write negative sentences.

 
A) He is learning how to read.
____________________________
B) I am having a bath.
____________________________
C) I´m reading a fantastic book.
____________________________
D) Mark is driving a new car.
_________________________
E) I´m looking for my bag.
__________________________

I) Fill in the blanks writing the verb in the present Continuous.

 
A) You _____________ (listen) to the music.
B) He _____________ ( cry).
C) I _____________ ( swim) in the swiming pool.
D) Susan _____________ (wait) for her daughter.
E) _____________ she _____________ (watch) TV?
F) Who _____________ he _____________ (kiss)?
G) Her husband _____________ (not/ Cook) diner.
H) Tim _____________ ( not / sing) a song.
I) My brother _____________ (not/ do) his homework.
J) _____________ your mother _____________ (work) today?
K) Mary and Sue _____________ (Play) tennis.
L) Tim and Jim _____________ (not/ swim) in the lake.

COMPLETAR LAS ORACIONES CON EL PRESENTE SIMPLE O EL PRESENTE

CONTINUADO

This is Mrs White. She …………… (be) a primary school teacher.

At the moment, she …………………………… (teach) Maths.

She …………………………… (live) in London and …………………

(be)

married to Georges, who is French. They …………………………… (have) three children. They all

…………………………… (love) animals, but they …………………………… (not have) any pets

because they …………………………… (live) in an apartment. Mrs White ………………………

(speak) French as well as English, but she …………………………… (not teach) it.

=====

Mrs White’s niece Sophie …………………………… (stay) with the Whites for a few days. Sophie

…………………………… (live) and …………………………… (study) in Liverpool, but she

……………………………… (enjoy) her mid-term break in London at the moment. She

…………………………… (plan) to do some serious shopping and sightseeing.

 =====

Mrs White’s son Arnold …………………………… (not like)

shopping, but he …………………………… (love) hanging out with

friends. They usually …………………… (go) to the local park where

they ……………………… (play) football or basketball.

Today, however, Arnold ……………………………….…. (not play) football or basketball; he

…………………………….. (skateboard).Mr White ………………… (work) for a multinational

company. He ………………………… (not work)today, however, because he

……………………………. (not feel) well. He …………..(be)sick.

EL COMPARATIVO Y EL SUPERLATIVO
Los adjetivos en grado comparativo
El comparativo se usa en inglés para comparar diferencias entre los dos objetos a los que modifica
(larger, smaller, faster, higher). Se emplea en oraciones donde comparamos dos nombres, de la
manera siguiente:
Nombre (sujeto) + verbo + adjetivo en grado comparativo + than + nombre (objeto).
El segundo término de la comparación puede omitirse si se entiende a partir del contexto. (ver el
último ejemplo).
Ejemplos

My house is larger than hers.

This box is smaller than the one I lost.
Jim and Jack are both my friends, but I like Jack better. ("than Jim" se sobreentiende)

Los adjetivos en grado superlativo

El superlativo se emplea para describir un objeto que se encuentra en el extremo superior o inferior
de una cualidad (the tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest). Se utiliza en oraciones en las que
comparamos un sujeto con un grupo de objetos, como aquí:

Nombre (sujeto) + verbo + the + adjetivo en grado superlativo + nombre (objeto).

El grupo con el que se efectúa la comparación puede omitirse si se entiende a partir del contexto (ver
el último ejemplo).

Ejemplos

My house is the largest one in our neighborhood.

This is the smallest box I've ever seen.
We all threw our rocks at the same time. My rock flew the highest. ("of all the rocks" está
sobreentendido)
Adjetivos de una sílaba

Añadir -ER para el comparativo y -EST para el superlativo. Si el adjetivo termina en consonante +

vocal + consonante, la última consonante debe repetirse antes de añadir la terminación.

Adjetivo Comparativ Superlativo

o

tall taller tallest

fat fatter fattest

big bigger biggest

sad sadder saddest

Adjetivos de dos sílabas

Los adjetivos de dos sílabas pueden formar el comparativo añadiendo -er, como los adjetivos de una
sílaba, o bien colocando more delante del adjetivo, como ocurre con los de tres sílabas. Igualmente,
estos adjetivos pueden formar el superlativo añadiendo la terminación -est o bien
poniendo most delante el adjetivo. En muchos casos se utilizan las dos formas, aunque uno de los
usos será más habitual que el otro. Si no estamos seguros de que un adjetivo pueda tomar las
terminaciones de comparativo o superlativo, es mejor utilizar more y most. Cuando un adjetivo de
dos sílabas termina en y, hay que cambiarla por i antes de añadir la terminación.

Adjetiv Comparativo Superlativo

o

happy happier happiest

simple simpler simplest

busy busier busiest

tilted more tilted most tilted

tangled more tangled most tangled

Adjetivos de tres sílabas o más

Los adjetivos de tres sílabas o más forman el comparativo colocando MORE antes del adjetivo y el
superlativo colocando MOST.

Adjetivo Comparativo Superlativo

important more important most important

expensiv more expensive most expensive

e

Comparativos y superlativos irregulares

Algunos adjetivos muy corrientes tienen formas irregulares en los grados comparativo y superlativo.

Adjetivo Comparativos Superlativos

s

good better best

bad worse worst

little less least

much more most

far further / farther furthest / farthest

COMPARATIVES. Completar las oraciones con la forma comparativa

1- WINTER IS __________ SPRING (COLD)

2- GIRLS ARE __________ BOYS ( QUIET)
3- MY GARDEN IS ___________ A PARK (SMALL)
4- RUGBY IS ___________ FOOTBALL ( DANGEROUS)
5- A SOFA IS ___________ A CHAIR (CONFORTABLE)
6- MY FATHER IS ________ MY BROTHER (STRONG)
7- ENGLISH IS __________ MATHS (EASY)
8- A MONTH IS _________ A WEEK (LONG)
9- A PLANE IS __________ A CAR (FAST)
10- A CAR IS __________ A BIKE ( EXPENSIVE

SUPERLATIVES. Completar las oraciones con el superlativo

1-FEBRUARY IS __________MONTH INTHE YEAR (SHORT

2- CLIMBING IS ___________SPORT ( DANGEROUS)
3-PIGS ARE __________ ANIMALS IN THE WORLD (DIRTY)
4-DOLPHINS __________ ANIMALS IN THE SEA (INTELLIGENT)
5- MY GRANDFATHER IS _________ PERSON IN MY FAMILY ( OLD)
6-SHARKS ARE __________ ANIMALS IN THE SEA. (DANGEROUS)

CIRCLE THE CORRECT OTION

1- SPRING IS WINDIER THAN / THE WINDIEST SUMMER

2- CARS ARE THE QUICKEST / QUICKER THAN A BIKE
 3- MY SISTER IS THE SHORTEST / SHORTER THAN PERSON IN MY FAMILY
4- A RADIO IS CHEAPER THAN / THE CHEAPEST A T.V.
5- MY BEDROOM IS TIDIER THAN / THE TIDIEST ROOM IN MY HOUSE.
6- HISTORY IS THE MOST INTERESTING/ MORE INTERESTING THAN SUBJECT
OF ALL.
7- A GORILLA IS THE STRONGEST/ STRONGER THAN A SNAKE.
8- COCRODILES ARE MORE DANGEROUS THAN/ THE MOST DANGEROUS
SNAKES.

References
 https://www.ef.com.ar/recursos-aprender-ingles/gramatica-inglesa/present-continuous/
 https://english.lingolia.com/es/gramatica/tiempos-comparacion/simple-present-
present-progressive
 https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-basico/nouns/nouns
 https://www.ef.com.es/recursos-aprender-ingles/gramatica-inglesa/simple-present/
 https://www.ef.com.ar/recursos-aprender-ingles/gramatica-inglesa/comparativo-
superlativo/