SELECTION OF TABLE APPOINTMENTS

When selecting table appointments, you set the tone of the meal… either “formal” or “casual”.
Historically, dishes have also been made of wood, metals such as pewter, and even animal
skulls.

CARE OF TABLE APPOINTMENTS

 Rinse tableware as soon as possible after use.

 Most dishware is dishwasher safe.
 Delicate china and stemware.
-May need handwashing.
-Don’t plunge into hot water because severe temperature can break delicate tableware.
-Most expensive tableware requires extra care to protect your investment.

USES OF TABLE APPOINTMENTS

Tableware or table appointments include the dinnerware (including both the dishware

and serving pieces), beverageware, cutlery and flatware, linens, and
centerpieces used in setting a table and eating a meal. The appointments for one
individual diner are referred to as the “place setting”.

GLASSWARE:
The list of glassware includes
drinking vessels
drinkware) and tableware used to set a table
for eating a meal, general glass 
items such as vases, and glasses used in the
catering industry.
SELECTION CARE AND USE OF
GLASSWARE
SELECTION

1.     Select Durable Glassware

In a restaurant setting, you will often have cases of broken, chipped and cracked glassware.
However, if you go for low quality glassware, you can expect to deal with such cases even more
and it will cost you a lot of money in the long run. It is advisable that you procure from a
reputable supplier.

2.     Use Wide Selection Of Glasses

Red wine glasses are different from white wine glasses and the two are different from soda
glasses. When shopping for glassware, it is important that you cover all bases keeping in mind
the design of the restaurant.

3.     Make Glassware Distinctive

To make your restaurant different from the others, you need to make it stand out and you can do
it through simple things like buying unique glassware that is pleasing to the eye and one that
makes a bold impression of an amazing establishment.

4.     Avoid Bulky Glassware

When shopping, opt for glasses that are easy to hold and handle. If considering bigger glasses
such as beer mugs, ensure that you buy the mugs with handles.

5.     Choose Daily Use Glasses

While you may be tempted to invest in crystal or etched glasses, it is advisable that you go for
glasses that can be used on a daily basis. However, if you want your restaurant to have that
particular level of class, you can buy such glasses to be used to serve special drinks and
beverages.

6.     Type Of Stemware

There are two different types of stemware namely long and short stemware. Long stem are suited
for formal dining while short stems are best for informal dining. Depending with the kind of
restaurant you want to start, you will be able to discern which stemware to buy in large quantities
than the other.

7.     Sturdy And Dishwasher Safe

For daily use glasses, it is advisable that you go for glasses that are can be cleaned using the
dishwasher. It helps save on time and reduces chipping, cracking and breakages.

8.     Versatility

For a restaurant set up, it is best that you go for versatile glasses. When shopping, consider the
smooth glasses as they tend to be more versatile than glasses with rough texture and patterns.
Transparent glasses are also the best as you do not want the color of glasses to interfere with
color of your drinks.

9.     Handmade Or Machine Made Glasses

When shopping for glasses you ought to remember that some glasses are machine made while
others are handmade. Both types have their pros and cons and you need to make the right
decision when buying.

CARE OF GLASSWARE

Due to the delicate nature of glass some breakages are

unavoidable, however, they can be minimised by following
some simple glassware care instructions.
TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF GLASS

It is advised not to stack glasses, as this causes repetitive impacts, increasing

the risks of breakages. Instead, it is a good idea to carry glass with the use of
trays to help avoid these types of impacts. The use of glass racks also is an
effective way to safely transport and wash glass whilst avoiding repetitive
impacts. For the safe transport of multiple glass racks the use of dollies can
be used. They're also a great way to store and dry glassware.
THERMAL SHOCK

Cracks and breakages can occur when the glass experience a rapid change
in temperature. This is most commonly experience when hot glasses are
removed straight from a glass washer and ice and chilled liquids are added to
the glass before the glass has had the chance to gradually cool down. Please
ensure glasses have cooled to room temperature before use. Thermal shock
can also occur when glasses are stacked after they have been washed in a
glass washer. The stacked glass is subject to stress and strains due to cooling
 process causing a difference in air pressure between the air trapped inside
the glass and the surrounding air.
ETCHING

The appearances of glassware can deteriorate over time and a common

cause of this is called etching. Glasses that have experience etching turn a
cloudy white colour translucent colour. This is an unavoidable process that
develops over time and is due to the multiple washes of the glass especially
when detergent is being used. The repetitive washes remove the metal ions
from the glass which causes a microscopic roughening of the glass surface
resulting in the cloudy white colour and rough texture. To help prevent this,
glass renovator can be used to reduce the appearance of etching and
scratches on the glassware.
NUCLEATION

Over time nucleated drinking glasses will lose their effectiveness if glassware
care is neglected. Non-rinseable films build up trapping sediment within the
nucleation, resulting in flat and lifeless drinks. The use of glass renovates
products help to prevent these types of build-ups.
HYGINE

Clean glasses contribute to the best tasting and most appealing beverages.
Contaminated glassware on the other hand contributes to poor head retention,
poor taste and shorter beverage life. Glasswashers are widely used and
recommended within the industry due to their efficiency and safety compared
to washing glasses by hand. Covers for dollies provide added protection from
dust when the glassware is being stored.
USES OF GLASSWARE
Tips for working with glassware

Broken glass is one of the most common causes of laboratory injuries. In particular, cuts from forcing glass
tubing into stoppers or plastic tubing are the most frequent kind of laboratory accident. To reduce the
chance of cuts or punctures, use common sense when working with glassware. Inspect glassware for chips
and cracks before use. When you cut glass, use hand protection and fire-polish all cut surfaces.

Follow these additional tips to reduce the risk of injury:

 Never use laboratory glassware to serve food or drinks.

 Use care in handling and storing glassware to avoid damaging it.
 Discard or repair any chipped or cracked items.
 Leave at least 10% air space in containers with positive closures.
 When possible, substitute plastic or metal connectors for glass connectors.
 Thoroughly clean and decontaminate glassware after each use.
 When inserting glass tubing into rubber stoppers, corks, or tubing:
 Use adequate hand protection (e.g., gloves or a towel)
 Lubricate the tubing
 Hold hands close together to minimize movement if the glass breaks.
CUTTLERY

Cutlery refers to tools used for

preparing, serving and eating food. The
most common types of cutlery are
knives, spoons and forks. Other words
for cutlery are silverware, tableware,
utensils and flatware. The best
quality cutlery may be made of silver,
but more often silver plating.

SELECTION CARE AND USE OF CUTTLERY

SELECTION

1 SAY NO TO LIMITED EDITION THINGS

Although a limited edition stock by premium brands looks tempting enough for
you to reach right into your pocket, stop right there. Anything that says ‘limited
edition’ is just that, limited. After a few months or years, the knives go blunt and
the spoons look scratched.

When you go right back to that store to get the same set, you will be reminded of
its ‘limited’ status and this will spell trouble. You will have to replace your entire
cutlery, because who wants to see two different spoons and knives in the same
restaurant? So, skip it.

2 MAINTANANCE ISSUE
Go for stainless steel, the easiest to maintain and clean. . Since stainless steel is
stain and scratch resistant, it is very durable and easy to clean in a dishwasher.
3 THICK OR THIN
Even though cutlery is shaped similarly throughout, you will notice some forks and
spoons have slender necks while others are very broad. You can go for either of
these, depending on your choice, but make sure it is comfortable to handle and eat
with. Your customers will not want to eat with something they are unable to hold
properly and this might irk them.
4 EXTRAS
If you are to buy about a hundred pieces of each, buy two hundred instead. This is
simply to keep stock, just in case something breaks or goes missing. You need to
be ready for such mishaps and not run to the store last minute to buy just one fork
or knife.
CARE OF CUTTLERY
Straight after washing your cutlery, dry it with a soft lint-free cloth. Never leave to dry naturally as
water and detergent can leave marks on your cutlery.
 Clean tarnished cutlery with white vinegar. Mix 1 part vinegar to 8 parts hot water in a washing up
bowl, add your cutlery and leave to soak for 5-10 minutes. Rinse clean and dry straight away using a
lint- free cloth. If you don’t have white vinegar at hand, try cleaning your cutlery using bicarbonate of
soda. Fill a tray of warm water and add a teaspoon of bicarbonate of soda. Place the cutlery in and
leave to soak for 10-15 minutes. Rinse under warm water and dry straight away using a lint- free
cloth. Remove streaks using olive oil. Using a teaspoon of oil, dampen a soft cloth and gently rub the
cutlery to remove the streaks. Rinse and dry immediately with a lint-free cloth.

USE OF CUTTLERY

Using a knife and fork does not cause any troubles for most people, however, probably
just few of us know that there are three, different ways of eating with the help of the
cutlery.

The first way is to hold the fork in your left hand, with its back pointing up. After cutting
off a piece of meat, we turn the fork over, and we put potatoes and vegetables with a
knife on a fork.

According to the second method, by holding the fork in the left hand with the back
pointing up, we can cut a piece of meat with a knife and then turn the fork with the back
down, and eat the food. The next step is putting the knife away and placing the fork into
your right hand. Food such as vegetables and potatoes are eaten by pricking them on a
fork.

The third way is considered to be the most elegant – when cutting a piece of meat, hold
a fork with the back pointing up, and when lifting it, the fork is turned over again. It is
recommended to eat food one at a time - first meat, then additives.

What is important, when eating dishes with a knife and fork, do not forget that a knife
should be used only for cutting meat and as a help in taking small pieces of food, when
it is impossible to do it with a fork itself. According to the savoir-vivre rules, it is
forbidden to use a knife to divide into smaller portions, e.g. a potato. You can only divide
it with a fork. The rule refers also to eating dumplings, pancakes, omelettes and patties.
Do not use the knife for cutting vegetables, meatballs and stuffed cabbage. A whole fish
eat with a special fish fork .

LINEN

SELECTION CARE AND USE OF LINEN

SELECTION

Choosing table linen is a serious business, but needn’t feel

daunting. Here are our tips on how to select the right table linen:
 The key to a beautiful yet functional table setting is quality. Because table linens need to
survive spills, stains and frequent washes, you want good quality fabrics that won’t fall apart or
become threadbare after the second wash. Table linen is an investment – you’re paying not only
for a piece of cloth but also for the mood, the aesthetic and special feeling you get when a table
setting is carefully considered.
 Ideally, table linens should be made from soft, natural fibres like linen or cotton. You can
purchase synthetic ones, but the feel and overall impression is inferior. Pure linen gives the
most Instagrammable, picture-worthy table, and feels amazing against the skin as you wipe,
dab and clean.
 Table linens made from linen are highly absorbent and long-lasting, making
them sustainable as well as potential family heirlooms. Unlike synthetic fibres, linen doesn’t
become shiny when exposed to an iron’s heat, and actually gets better with every wash.
Linen and Egyptian cotton are widely considered the finest materials for table linens because
of their long, durable fibres.
 Once you’ve chosen the fabric, consider the color of your tablecloth and other table linen
pieces. If you want a more formal look, choose plain white, off-white or ivory table linen. If
you want to add some colour to your table, choose a set that goes with the décor of your
home but doesn’t overwhelm it. Coordinate with the colors of your crockery, or choose linens
in a tone that picks out shades from the wall or curtain colors. The simplest option is to
purchase a tablecloth in a pastel colour along with several sets of napkins. That way, you can
mix and match according to the season and occasion.
CARE

Table and kitchen linens take a bit of a hammering, what with wine spills, candle wax drips, lipstick
marks and food stains. If you’ve wondered about how to treat stains on your linen tablecloth, or get
marks out of your napkins, here’s a handy table linens care guide.

1 ACT FAST
The quicker you can treat a stain the better the chance you have of getting it out. We don’t
mean you should whip a napkin out of your guest’s gravy-splashed hands, but some timely
treatment will prevent stains setting into the fibres of your linen. Use a suitable enzyme-
based spot treatment and apply gently to the mark, without rubbing. Don’t be tempted to use
chlorine bleach as this will damage the fabric and can cause yellowing. It is useful to test a
new product on a hidden area of your linen to check that it doesn’t remove the colour or
cause unsightly marks. The clever folk at Martha Stewart have designed this stain removal
chart that they recommend laminating and pinning up near your laundry area so you can
quickly check the best ways to remove marks.
2 SOAK
Fill a large pan with hot water, or put the linen into your washing machine and allow it to fill
with hot water, and soak overnight.

3 WASH
Being mindful of your item’s care instructions, wash on a short cycle in the machine, or
gently hand wash if it is not machine-washable
4 DRY
Line drying is best if you can, as the sun will add its bleaching power. Remember to dry
shaped items flat to prevent them being stretched. Tumble drying, if your care instructions
permit, is fine but can cause any residual stain to be fixed in by the heat.
5 STORE
If you like your linen napkins and tea towels crease-free, resist the urge to iron them now.
They are better off being rolled and stored, then swiftly ironed before use. Store linens flat if
you can, rather than folded. If you have lots of different sized tablecloths, hang them instead
– you could even sew on coloured hoops to differentiate the sizes (blue for large, red for
small etc) and make for easy table laying.  Ironing can be useful if there are candle wax stains
that haven’t come out: once you’ve scraped off as much wax as possible, blot with blotting
paper and iron over the top to remove any leftover wax. If you are storing precious family
heirloom linens, secure in a sealed bag and throw in a lavender pouch to keep them fresh.

USE
A tablecloth is a cloth used to cover a table. Some are mainly ornamental coverings,
which may also help protect the table from scratches and stains. Other tablecloths are
designed to be spread on a dining table before laying out tableware and food.
A tablecloth is a cloth used to cover a table. Some are mainly ornamental coverings,
which may also help protect the table from scratches and stains. Other tablecloths are
designed to be spread on a dining table before laying out tableware and food.