GRAMMAR II.
Discurso indirecto / Reported speech
El discurso indirecto o reported speech en inglés es el acto de citar lo que una persona ha dicho. Hay dos maneras
diferentes de citar lo que otros hablantes dicen:
1) puedes usar ‘discurso directo’, que es el acto de copiar exactamente lo que el emisor/hablante ha dicho, y, si el
discurso fuera de manera escrita, tendrías que utilizar comillas.
Luego, tenemos 2) ‘el discurso indirecto’. Al usar el discurso indirecto o reported speech cambias varios elementos
de la oración para que funcione gramaticalmente. Tales como: el orden de las palabras y pronombres y, más
importante, los tiempos verbales. Finalmente usamos SAID, ASKED, para reportar lo que alguien dijo.
Ejemplo del discurso directo y el discurso indirecto/reported speech
Discurso directo: ”I like going to the park”. Reporter: She said ”I like going to the park”.
Discurso indirecto/reported speech: ”I like going to the park”. Reporter: ”She said, (that) she liked going to
the park”.
En el segundo ejemplo, ‘discurso indirecto’, ‘I like going to the park’. Esto fue reportado de manera indirecta, ‘She
said she liked going to the park’. Este reporte añade cambios, por ejemplo: el pronombre I cambia a SHE Y EL
TIEMPO DE VERBO PRESENTE SIMPLE CAMBIA A PASADO SIMPLE.
GRÁFICO DE LAS REGLAS DEL DISCURSO INDIRECTO DE TODAS LAS FORMAS VERBALES
Verbo Discurso directo Discurso indirecto/reported speech
pasado simple
presente simple I like to play sports. She said (that) she liked to play sports.
pasado continuo
presente continuo I am doing my exam. He said (that) he was doing his exam.
pasado perfecto simple
pasado simple I cleaned my room. She said (that) she had cleaned his room.
pasado perfecto continuo
pasado continuo I was playing my video game. He said (that) he had been playing his video
game.
pasado perfecto
presente perfecto I haven’t been to the park. She said (that) she hadn’t been to the park.
pasado perfecto
I had seen that guy before She said (that) she hadn’t seen that guy
pasado perfecto
Wednesday. before Wednesday.
presente perfecto I have been living in Spain for pasado perfecto continuo
continuo two years.
She said (that) she had been living in Spain
for two years.
condicional (would)
futuro simple I will go to the market. She said (that) she would go to the market.
could
can I can speak Spanish. She said (that) she could speak Spanish.
LOS ADVERBIOS DE TIEMPO TAMBIÉN CAMBIAN
Adverbios de tiempo Adverbios de tiempo
Estilo directo o Direct Speech Estilo indirecto o Reported Speech
Today / Tonight That day / That night
This day / week / month / year That day / week / month / year
Tomorrow The next day
Next day / week / month / year The following day / week / month / year
The previous day / The day before/ an hour
Yesterday, An hour ago
before
The previous week / month / year or the
Last week / month / year
previous week / month/year
Now At that moment / then
Here There
Ejemplo:
Discurso directo: “I went to the cinema last weekend”. PASADO SIMPLE
Discurso indirecto: She said (that) she had gone to the cinema the previous weekend. PASADO PERFECTO
SIMPLE.
EXERCISE
1- Transform these sentences from direct speech into indirect speech. Prestar atención y modificar no
solamente los tiempos verbales sino los adverbios de tiempo.
Example: The mate said: “I am scrubbing the deck now.” The mate said that the was scrubbing the deck then.
a) The Chief Officer said, “I have sent the SOS.” The Chief Officer said that…………………………………
b) He said, “I have been flooding the bilges today.” He said that………………………………………..
c) The Electrician said, “I will switch off the hold ventilation tomorrow.” The electrician said that
he……………………………………………………………………………….
d) The Mate asked, “Who is manning the lifeboat this time?” The Mate
asked……………………………………………………………………………………….
e) The Captain asked the Engine Department: “Can you repair damage now?” The Captain asked the Engine
Department if they……………………………………………………………………………..
f) The Bosun asked the Mate: “Did you rig the lifeboats for the rescue drill yesterday?”. The Bosun asked the
Mate if he……………………………………………………………………………………………
References:
https://www.englishreservoir.com/es/discurso-indirect/
https://www.eef.edu.gr/media/2536/e_j00076.pdf
