DRDO/ASL/CPDC Chapter-8 Results and Discussion

CHAPTER – 8
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
8.1 Results of design and parameters

The appended parameters are actual outcome for this investigation in which, R= 140mm is
the outer radius of the cylinder, L = 200mm is the length of the cylinder, α = 600 is the angle of the
rib, h is the height of the rib, b is the width of rib, h/b ratio, and nc = 4 & nh = 6 is the number of
ribs.
Height of Rib Width of Rib h/b
S.No Area – m2 Volume - m3 Mass - Kg
(h) (b) ratio
1 2 mm 8 mm 0.25 0.159 5.468e-003 0.196
2 4 mm 8 mm 0.5 0.18 1.875e-004 0.281
3 6 mm 8 mm 0.75 0.212 3.387e-004 0.508
4 8 mm 8 mm 1.0 0.224 3.96e-004 0.609
Table 8.1 Design parameters of Iso-grid lattice
From the above-mentioned tabular column mass of the structure is varied as growth in the
nomenclature of the ribs. The optimal h/b ratio would be 0.5 and 0.75 which has adequate mass
and volume fractions with respect to the fabrication of iso-grid lattice cylindrical composite
structure.

8.1.1 Comparisons of load with various design parameters

As mentioned before the equivalent stresses give a decent calculation of the stress failure
criteria of the structures and here of four cases studied and mentioned below
Axial pressure
Case Force Applied Area applied
h/b ratio 2
Study Fs – N A in mm

1 0.25 50, 000 1590 31.44

2 0.5 50, 000 1800 27.74
3 0.75 50, 000 2120 23.58
4 1.0 50, 000 2240 22.32
Table 8.2 Case study with different rib nomenclature

The outstanding thing is that decrease in iso-grid rib thickness or in skin thickness gives a
dependable increase in various stress values. This kind of increase of rib thickness was acceptable
in this structure where the material volumes were decreased while compared with shell thickness.
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 DRDO/ASL/CPDC Chapter-8 Results and Discussion

8.2 Results of Analysis

Post processing results of the current investigation show that the radial-circumferential,
radial shear and radial-axial shear stresses are about unnoticed by relating with various divert
stress components.

8.2.1 Comparison between Cylinders with different rib thickness or h/b ratio
Criteria
h/b = 0.5 h/b = 0.75 h/b = 1
/ Units

Axial
Deforma
tion

mm u = 0.0021 u = 0.00491 u = 0.006121

Axial
stress –
Z Axis

Mpa 47.17 38.93 35.55

Axial
strain –
Z Axis

mm/mm 0.006166 0.00666 0.003729

Max
Principal
Stress

Mpa

Total
Mech
Strain

mm/mm 0.006494

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 DRDO/ASL/CPDC Chapter-8 Results and Discussion

Max
Shear
Stress

Mpa

Strain
Energy

mJ U = 11.325 U = 16.67 U = 18.46

Figure 8.1 Comparison iso-grid model analyses with different rib thickness
Plots of the analysis

Graph 8.1 Maximum principal stress vs Total Mechanical strain at h/b = 0.75

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Graph 8.2 Maximum shear stress vs Total Mechanical strain at h/b = 0.75

Graph 8.3 Axial stress vs Axial strain at h/b = 0.75

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Graph 8.4 Equivalent stress vs Equivalent strain at at h/b = 0.75

Eigen value buckling analysis

Linear buckling is also known as Eigen buckling value it forecasts the speculative buckling
strength of elements lays open to the axial force. Here the deformations section we have analyzed
the Eigen buckling valve for Total Deformation, axial, both minimum & maximum limits and
Directional deformation on all the Degrees of freedom.
 Total deformation(Minimum buckling load factor)

Axial Load(N) Eigen value λi Critical Buckling load PCr

50000 7.197 359850
50000 7.9958 399790
50000 9.7346 486730
50000 11.413 570650
50000 11.724 586200
50000 11.799 589950
50000 11.996 599800
50000 12.048 602400
50000 12.074 603700
50000 12.154 607700

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DRDO/ASL/CPDC Chapter-8 Results and Discussion

50000 12.304 615200

50000 12.375 618750
50000 12.421 621050
50000 12.475 623750
50000 12.481 624050
50000 12.552 627600
50000 12.607 630350
50000 12.652 632600
50000 12.694 634700
50000 12.705 635250
50000 12.738 636900
50000 12.775 638750
50000 12.853 642650
50000 12.891 644550
Table 8.3 Obtained buckling factor with constant axial load

1000000

900000

800000

700000

600000
Axial Load - N
500000 Eigen Value - λmin
Buckling Load - Pcr
400000

300000

200000

100000

0
1
5
9

45

73
13
17
21
25
29
33
37
41

49
53
57
61
65
69

77
81
85
89
93
97

Graph 8.5 Buckling load vs Eigen values

8.2.2 Comparison with other investigated article (S. M. Nabavi et al and J. E. Jam et al 2013)

Minimum Eigen Critical

Case study h/b ratio Area – A mm2
value λ’min Buckling load N
1 0.25 1.058 1590 84,000
2 0.5 3.476 1800 3,12,800
3 0.75 7.197 2120 7,62,850
5 1.0 10.164 2240 11,38,700
Table 8.4 Obtained buckling factor with constant axial load

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DRDO/ASL/CPDC Chapter-8 Results and Discussion

It has noted by an increase in rib thickness is further efficient rather to increase skin
thickness of iso-grid lattice structures provides growth of critical buckling load values and this
growth was acceptable anywhere the structure is stiffer. Likewise, the local skin buckling is
achieved in the middle section of the iso-grid stiffened cylinder structure. Transformation of the
buckling failure mode from global buckling of structure to local shell buckling and then further
towards stiffener crippling of iso-grid cylindrical structure. It is noticed that the overall buckling
resistance if iso-grid stiffened cylindrical structure increase by increase in shell thickness and this
is functional where the structure gets stiffer when the shell thickness is increased, and the various
stresses decreases by increase in shell thickness, but the more volume of the mass is included in
this model by the increase in shell thickness. The previous investigation is taken an example
which has the similar data values refer to this article by S. M. Nabavi et al and J. E. Jam et al
2013, which show the buckling effects shown below.

Parameter values (mm) Critical buckling load

Case study Pcr (KN)
t H
1 0 3.2 24.1
2 0 4 47.7
3 0 4.8 74.2
4 0 3.2 54.4
5 0.8 3.2 79.2
Table 8.5 Buckling ANSYS article results (S. M. Nabavi et al and J. E. Jam et al 2013)

Figure 8.2 Typical buckled shapes by finite element modeling (S. M. Nabavi et al and J. E. Jam et al 2013)

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8.3 Discussion

The resulted figures attained from the stated article Fig 8.2 has around the matching
buckled shape reasoned for this case as in figures achieved by the ANSYS APDL software
generated. This reveals us that this numerical model generated is almost exact by varying
thickness of shell instead of rib thickness.

The extraordinary article here is the numerical difference in accuracy decreased with
increase in the rib thickness of the iso-grid stiffened cylindrical structure, with reference to our
main objective of this current project we can reduce that the models generated around give good
results for the models which have a greater rib thickness.

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