Final Exam (Take Home) Spring – 2020
Name: Zaryab Akhtar - 12660
Subject: Introduction to information technology
Q No: 01
Q No: 02
Answer 01: They need Wide Area Network (WAN) because they expand their business in various cities of
Pakistan, A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a communication network that extends over a large
geographical distance, connecting multiple sites and their respective local area networks (LAN).
Answer 02: They required System Software and money transfer Software System software is software
designed to provide a platform for other software.
Answer 03: Ring topology will prove best for them. It reduced chances of data collision as each node
release a data packet after receiving the token. No need of server to control connectivity among the
nodes. It provides the equal access to the resources
Answer 04: The use of wireless transmission media will bring efficiency and effectiveness. As the grow
their business in different geographical locations now so it will help them to connect with their customer
at any time from anywhere.
Answer 05: For quick or speedy connection with customers they can use distributed data base system .
In Distributed database queries can be routed to a server with a particular user's information, rather
than all requests having to go to a single machine that can be overloaded.
Q No: 03
Answer: In an organization Distributed Database System is more suitable than Centralized Database
System. Distributed databases offer some key advantages over centralized databases. Here are the basic
reasons why the centralized model is being left behind by many organizations in favor of database
distribution:
1. Reliability : if a failure occurs in one area of the distribution, the entire database does not
experience a setback.
2. Security : You can give permissions to single sections of the overall database, for better internal
and external protection.
3. Growth : If you add a new location to your business, it’s simple to create an additional node
within the database.
4. Speed & resource efficiency: Most requests and other interactivity with the database are
performed at a local level, also decreasing remote traffic.
5. Responsibility & containment: Because any glitches or failures occur locally, the issue is
contained and can potentially be handled.
Q No: 04
Answer: RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND ITS IMPORTANCE:
Different organizations utilize rational databases rather than level records or hierarchical databases for
storing enterprise data. This is on the grounds that a social database can deal with a wide scope of
information organizations and process questions effectively.
A relational database is a type of database that stores and provides access to data points that are
related to one another. Relational databases are based on the relational model, an intuitive,
straightforward way of representing data in tables.
The main advantage of relational databases is that they enable users to easily categorize and store data
that can later be queried and filtered to extract specific information for reports. Relational databases are
also easy to extend and aren't reliant on physical organization.
Q No: 05
Answer (a): I will use low level machine learning language (Binary language etc).
Answer (b): C language is suitable to perform Mid-level operations.
Answer (c): A user can achieve his goal If user cab identify and done activations of devices connected to
the computer successfully. If the user able to handle files properly. Complete his work in an excellent
manner.
Answer (d): Different users use different tools to complete their work done. That tool is known as
Application. User interact with application and put input in it. Application received data and sends it to
the operating system, OS plays very important role in the whole process it converts the data to machine
language and send it to hardware. Hardware perform the required task and send result back in machine
language to OS, it again change data into human understandable language and give it to the user
through an application.
Q No: 06
Answer (a): I will use new programming languages to develop a software (4 th and 5th generation).
Programming languages have been developed over the year in a phased manner. Each phase of
developed has made the programming language more user-friendly, easier to use and more powerful.
Answer (b): Low level programming language Machine language (Binary) or Assembly language.
Answer (c): I would like to prefer C+ language.
Q No: 07
Answer (a): My team ask some quire from the customer related to it demand that what typeof software
or system he want us to develop. After that they must set a bar on cost, features, design quality,
performance etc.
Answer (b): Best approach is to develop designs for the expected problems is in Analysis phase. Other
wise it causes many problems and error.
Answer (c): In Testing Phase developers find out whether their code and programming work according
to customer requirements.
All the test should meet the customer requirements
To make our software testing should be performed by thirapplicat
Exhaustive testing is not possible. As we need the optimal amount of testing based on the risk
assessment of the application.
All the test to be conducted should be planned before implementing it.
These are some major types of testing phase in SDLC:
Types:
Unit Testing
Integration Testing
Regression Testing
Joining Testing
Affirmation Testing
Alpha Testing
Beta Testing
Q No: 08
Answer:
EXPERT SYSTEM:
The Expert System can resolve many issues which generally would require a human expert. is an
interactive and reliable computer-based decision-making system which uses both facts and
heuristics to solve complex decision-making problems. It is considered at the highest level of human
intelligence and expertise. The internal structure of an expert system can be considered to consist of
three parts the knowledge base, the database and the rule interpreter.
Example:
MYCIN:
Historically, the MYCIN system played a major role in stimulating research interest in rule-based
expert systems.
MYCIN is an expert system for diagnosing and recommending treatment of bacterial infections of
the blood (such as meningitis and bacteremia). It was developed at Stanford University in California,
USA, in the 1970s
