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Solving Bernoulli Differential Equations

The Bernoulli differential equation can be written in standard form with dy/dx, p(x)y, and q(x)y^n terms. To solve, make the substitution z=y^(1-n) to transform it into a linear equation. The linear equation can then be solved using an integrating factor method. Three examples are provided to demonstrate solving specific Bernoulli equations by making the appropriate variable substitutions and using integrating factors.

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690 views4 pages

Solving Bernoulli Differential Equations

The Bernoulli differential equation can be written in standard form with dy/dx, p(x)y, and q(x)y^n terms. To solve, make the substitution z=y^(1-n) to transform it into a linear equation. The linear equation can then be solved using an integrating factor method. Three examples are provided to demonstrate solving specific Bernoulli equations by making the appropriate variable substitutions and using integrating factors.

Uploaded by

harabass
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Bernoulli Equation

A Bernoulli differential equation can be written in the following standard form:

dy
+ p ( x ) y =q ( x ) y n , where n ≠ 1(the equation is thus nonlinear).
dx

To find the solution, change the dependent variable from y to z, where z= y 1−n. This gives the
dz
differential equation in x and z, + P ( x ) z=P ( x ) , that is linear, and can be solved using the
dx
integrating factor, ∅=e∫ p ( x ) dx , method.

∅ Q ( x ) dx
z=∫ +C
∅

Derivation of the formula:


dy
+ p ( x ) y=q ( x ) y n ---- dividing this equation by y n gives:
dx

1 dy ( 1−n ) dy
+ p ( x ) y 1−n=q ( x ) , let z = y 1−nfrom which dz = 1−n , yn=
y dx
n
dy y n
dz

1 dy
+ p ( x ) y 1−n=q ( x )
( 1−n ) dy dx
dz

1 dz
+ p ( x ) z=q ( x )
1−n dx

dz
+ ( 1−n ) p ( x ) z =(1−n)q ( x )
dx

Let P ( x ) =( 1−n ) p ( x ) ∧Q ( x )=(1−n) q ( x ), then we have

dz
+ P ( x ) z=Q ( x )
dx

∅ z=∫ ∅ Q ( x ) dx+C
Example 1.

y
y ' + −3 x 2 y 2 =0
x

Solution:

dy 1
+ y=3 x 2 y 2 , n=2, 1−n=−1
dx x

1
p ( x ) = ∧q ( x )=3 x 2
x

dz
+ P ( x ) z=Q ( x )
dx

−1
P ( x ) =( 1−n ) p ( x ) = Q ( x )=( 1−n ) q ( x )=−3 x 2
x

∫ P ( x ) dx ∫ ( −1
x )
dx
−ln x −1
∅=e =e =e =x

( dxdz − 1x z =−3 x )multiply this by ∅=x


❑ 2 −1

∅ z=∫ ∅ Q ( x ) dx+C

−3 2
x +C
z=
∫ x−1 (−3 x 2 ) dx+ C =
−3∫ x dx +C
=
2
x−1 x−1 x −1

−3 2
x +C
1−n 2 1 −3 2
but z= y = y ∴ y =
−1 −1
, = x +C
x−1
xy 2

Example 2.
dy y
3 +3 =2 x 4 y 4 divide by 3
dx x

dy y 2 4 4
+ = x y
dx x 3

1 2
p ( x) = q ( x )= x 4
x 3

n = 4, 1 – n = -3

dz
+ ( 1−n ) p ( x ) z =(1−n)q ( x )
dx

dz
+ P ( x ) z=Q ( x )
dx

dz 3
− z=−2 x 4
dx x

∫ P ( x ) dx ∫ ( −3
x )
dx
−3 lnx −3
∅=e =e =e =x

∅ z=∫ ∅ Q ( x ) dx+C

x−3 z=∫ x−3 (−2 x 4 )dx +C

But z= y 1−n= y−3.

x−3 y−3 .=∫ x−3 (−2 x 4)dx +C

1
3
3
=−x 2+C
x y

Example 3.

dy
2 xy = y 2 −2 x 3 divide by 2xy
dx

dy 1 −x 2 2 −1
− y= =−x y
dx 2 x y

n = -1, 1–n=2
dz
+ P ( x ) z=Q ( x )
dx

dz 1
− z=−2 x 2
dx x

∫ ( −1
x
)dx
∅=e =x−1

x−1 z =∫ x−1(−2 x 2) dx +C But z= y 1−n= y2 .

x−1 y 2=∫ x−1(−2 x 2 )dx +C

y2 2
=−x +C
x

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