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Lect11 - Stiffness Method 2 - Truss

1) The document discusses the stiffness method for analyzing plane trusses. It involves discretizing the truss into elements, deriving the element stiffness matrix, and assembling the element matrices into a global stiffness matrix. 2) The element stiffness matrix is derived based on its properties like length (l), area (A), Young's modulus (E) in its local coordinate system. 3) A coordinate transformation matrix is used to transform the element matrices from local to global coordinate systems before assembly into the global stiffness matrix. This allows for the analysis of the truss to obtain member forces.

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Tszwun Cheung
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138 views16 pages

Lect11 - Stiffness Method 2 - Truss

1) The document discusses the stiffness method for analyzing plane trusses. It involves discretizing the truss into elements, deriving the element stiffness matrix, and assembling the element matrices into a global stiffness matrix. 2) The element stiffness matrix is derived based on its properties like length (l), area (A), Young's modulus (E) in its local coordinate system. 3) A coordinate transformation matrix is used to transform the element matrices from local to global coordinate systems before assembly into the global stiffness matrix. This allows for the analysis of the truss to obtain member forces.

Uploaded by

Tszwun Cheung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 11

Stiffness Method (2): Plane Truss

Department of Civil & 8/11/2020


Structural Engineering
Discretisation Y
X
DOFs per joint = 2

2(3,4) 4(7,8) 6(11,12) 8(15,16)


4 8 12 16 10(19,20)

5 7 11 13
1 9 17
3 15
6 9(17,18)
2 3(5,6) 10 7(13,14)14
1(1,2) 5(9,10)

Department of Civil & 8/11/2020


Structural Engineering
Element analysis
e
2
1 l , A, E 2
F1e e
e F2e x
1

EA EA EA EA
F1e 1
e
2
e
F2e 1
e
2
e

l l l l
e e e
F1 EA/ l EA/ l 1 EA 1 1 1

F2 EA/ l EA/ l 2 l 1 1 2

e e e
F K
Element stiffness matrix in local coordinate

e EA 1 1
K
l 1 1
e
Properties of K
e e T
1. Symmetricity K K
e
2. Singularity det K 0

Department of Civil & 8/11/2020


Structural Engineering
Global coordinate
y e
2
1 l , A, E 2
F1e e
e F2e x
1

e e
F1 1 0 1 0 1

F1y EA 0 0 0 0 1y

F2 l 1 0 1 0 2

F2y 0 0 0 0 2y
Global coordinate
y
y F4e F 2
e
x
F1e F1e cos F2e sin
F1ey F1e sin F2e cos 0
e
e F3e F2e F3e cos F4e sin
F
1

e F e x F2ey F3e sin F4e cos 0


F1
2

e e
F1 cos sin 0 0 F1
e e e
F1y sin cos 0 0 F2
F T F F2 0 0 cos sin F3
F2 y 0 0 sin cos F4

Department of Civil & 8/11/2020


Structural Engineering
e e e
1 1 cos 2 sin
e e e
1y 1 sin 2 cos
e e e
2 3 cos 4 sin
e e e
2y 3 sin 4 cos

e e e
T

Department of Civil & 8/11/2020


Structural Engineering
[T]e – coordinate transformation matrix
orthogonal
e T e eT e 1
T T I T T
e e T e e e e
F T F F K
e T e e e e e
T K T
e T e e e e e
T K T K
e e T e e
K T K T

Department of Civil & 8/11/2020


Structural Engineering
Element stiffness matrix in the global coordinate
2 2 e
cos cos sin cos cos sin
e EA cos sin sin2 cos sin sin2
K
l cos2 cos sin cos2 cos sin
cos sin sin2 cos sin sin2
A A
A A
Sub-matrix A

0 1 0 1 0 90 0 0 0 0
e EA 0 0 0 0 e EA 0 1 0 1
K K
l 1 0 1 0 l 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Example 3 4(1,2)

2(0,0) P
Find the internal forces by using
the matrix method. EA=60, 3m
P=100. 2 1
EA 1
1 20 90 1(0,0) 3(0,0)
l
1 0 1 0 4m

1 0 0 0 0
K 20
1 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 Element localisation vector

0 0 0 0 (0) 0
0 1 0 1 (0) 0 1 0 0
K
1
20
1
K
0 (1)
full
0 0 0 1 0 20
0 1 0 1 (2) 2

(0) (0) (1) (2)


EA 3 4(1,2)
2 12 cos 4 / 5, sin 3/ 5 2(0,0)
P
l
3m
2 1
Member length l or EA
1(0,0) 3(0,0)
may be different!
4m

7 .68 5 .76 7 .68 5 .76 0


2 5 .76 4 .32 5 .76 4 .32 2 0
K full
7 .68 5 .76 7 .68 5 .76 1
5 .76 4 .32 5 .76 4 .32 2

2 7 .68 5 .76
K
5 . 76 4 . 32

Department of Civil & 8/11/2020


Structural Engineering
3 4(1,2)
EA 3 P
3 15 0 2(0,0)
l
3m
2 1
1 0 1 0
3 0 0 0 0 1(0,0) 3(0,0)
K 15 4m
1 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
0
0 3 15 0
K
3
K
3 3
K
full
1 0 0
2
3
i 0 0 7 .68 5 .76 15 0
K K
i 1 0 20 5 .76 4 .32 0 0
22 .68 5 .76
5 .76 24 .32
Global stiffness matrix
3 4(1,2)
Nodal load vector 2(0,0)
P
100 3m
P 2 1
0
1(0,0) 3(0,0)
Joint displacement 4m

22 .68 5 .76 1 100 1 4 .69


5 .76 24 .32 2 0 2 1 .11

Member end forces


e e e e e e
F K F T F

Department of Civil & 8/11/2020


Structural Engineering
3 4(1,2)
0 0 0 0
2(0,0)
P
1 0 1 0 1
K full 20 3m
0 0 0 0
2 1
0 1 0 1
1(0,0) 3(0,0)
4m

0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 22 .2
F 20
0 0 0 0 4.69 0
0 1 0 1 1.11 22 .2

N1 22 . 2 (tension or compression ?)

Department of Civil & 8/11/2020


Structural Engineering
7 .68 5 .76 7 .68 5 .76 0 29 .63
2 5 .76 4 .32 5 .76 4 .32 0 22 .22
F
7 .68 5 .76 7 .68 5 .76 4 .69 29 .63
5 .76 4 .32 5 .76 4 .32 1 .11 22 .22

0.8 0.6 0 0
2 0.6 0.8 0 0
T
0 0 0.8 0.6
0 0 0.6 0.8

0.8 0.6 0 0 29.63 37.03


2 2 2 0.6 0.8 0 0 22.22 0
F T F
0 0 0.8 0.6 29.63 37.03
0 0 0.6 0.8 22.22 0

N2 37 . 03 (tension)
1 0 1 0
3 0 0 0 0
K 15
1 0 1 0
0 0 0 0

1 0 1 0 0 70 .35
3 0 0 0 0 0 0
F 15
1 0 1 0 4.69 70 .35
0 0 0 0 1.11 0

N3 70 .35 (tension)

Department of Civil & 8/11/2020


Structural Engineering

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