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2020/21 Academic Year 1st Quarter Biology Lesson Note One for Grade 11
UNIT ONE
The Science of Biology
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this unit students will be able to:
Define science as a way of knowledge and explain it as a way of looking and think
natural events.
Demonstrate scientific methods to solve problems.
Write a report for scientific experiment.
Name and describe the function of the main piece of apparatus.
Classify the apparatus as laboratory tools, field tools.
Explain the promise of biology in different fields.
Describe how you can help community efforts to control AIDS.
The method of science
Biology- is the science of life and living organism; the term biology is
derived from the words; Bios (=life) and logos (=study).
Biologists-involved in the study of living organisms under different categories.
Page 1 “ፈጣሪ የተወደዱ ልጆቻችንን ፣ ሀገራችንንና ህዝባችንን ይጠብቅልን!”
Biology Lesson Note one for Grade 11
Branches of Biology:
Cytology: The study of Cells
Physiology: The study of the functioning of various organ systems
Embryology: The study of the development of animals from unicellular to
multicellular adult
Ecology: The study of the relationship between organisms and environment. (Living
Organisms and Their Surroundings)
Paleontology: The study of Fossils
Evolution: The study which deals with the development of highly organized species
from lowly organized species by a gradual change
Histology: The study of structure and function of tissues
Genetics: The study of Heredity and variation in the organism. It deals with the
inheritance of characters from parents to offspring.
Biochemistry: Study of Chemical nature and sequence of biochemical reactions in
organisms. The scope of Biochemistry.
Molecular Biology: Study of biology at molecular level E.g.: Studies of biological
molecules like DNA and RNA
Genetic Engineering: It deals with the method of splitting (cutting) the useful genes
from one organism and rearranging them in another organism in order to get
desirable characters. It is also described by Recombinant DNA technology.
Microbiology: Organisms which can be seen only through a microscope are called
microbes and the study is called Microbiology. E.g.: Bacteria, Algae, and Fungi
Anatomy: The study of internal structures of organisms
Biotechnology: The Study of Application of modern biological techniques for the
benefit of humanity.
Plant Breeding: Study of improvement of cultivated varieties of crop plants
Horticulture: Study of growing gardens and ornamental plants.
Taxonomy : The study and classification of Plants and Animals
Lithology : The study of Fishes
Page 2 “ፈጣሪ የተወደዱ ልጆቻችንን ፣ ሀገራችንንና ህዝባችንን ይጠብቅልን!”
Biology Lesson Note one for Grade 11
Batrachology : The study of Frogs
Herpetology : The study of reptiles
Saurology : The study of Lizards
Ophiology : The study of snakes
Ornithology: The study of Birds
Anthropology : The study of Man
Protozoology: The study of unicellular organisms
Mammology: The study of mammals
Nematology : The study of Nematodes
Helminthology : The study of helminth organisms
Entomology : The study of Insects
Myrmecology: The study of Ants
Malacology : The study of Molluscans
Conchology : The study of shells
Ethology : the study of the behavior of animals
Limnology: The study of freshwater organisms
Parasitology : the study of parasites
Virology: The study of Virus
Dermatology: The study of Skin
Gynecology: The study of female reproductive organs
Odontology: The study of Teeth
Phrenology: The study of Skull
Enzymology: The study of Enzymes
Osteology : The study of Bones
Otorhinolaryngology: The study of ear, nose and throat
Opthalmology: The study of eyes
Urology : the study of Excretory organs
Neurology : The study of the nervous system
Cardiology : The study of heart
Page 3 “ፈጣሪ የተወደዱ ልጆቻችንን ፣ ሀገራችንንና ህዝባችንን ይጠብቅልን!”
Biology Lesson Note one for Grade 11
