Chapter 8: Noli Me Tangere Published in Berlin (1887)

Overview
The bleak winter of 1886 was memorable in the 1ife of Rizal for two reasons: first,
it was a painful episode for he was hungry, sick, and despondent in a strange city and,
second, it brought him great joy, after enduring so much sufferings, because his first novel
Noli Me Tangere came off the press in March, 1887. Like the legendary Santa Claus, Dr.
Maximo Viola, his friend from Bulacan, arrived in Berlin at the height of his despondency
and loaned him the needed funds to publish the novel.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
1. Determine the idea in writing the Noli Metangere novel
2. Discuss why Rizal suspected as French spy.
3. Value the importance of the Noli novel.

Idea of Writing a Novel on the Philippines. His reading of Harriet Beecher

Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, which portrays the brutalities of American slave-owners and
the pathetic conditions of the unfortunate Negro slaves, inspired Dr. Rizal to prepare a
novel that would depict the miseries of his people under the lash of Spanish tyrants. He was
then a student in the Central University of Madrid.
In a reunion of Filipinos in the Paterno residence in Madrid on January 2, 1884,
Rizal proposed the writing of a novel about the Philippines by a group of Filipinos. His
proposal was unanimously approved by those present, among whom were the Paternos
(Pedro, Maximino, and Antonio), Graciano Lopez Jaena, Evaristo Aguirre, Eduardo de
Lete, Julio Llorente, Melecio, Figueroa, and Valentin Ventura.
Unfortunately, Rizal's project did not materialize. Those Compatriots who were
expected to collaborate on the novel did not write anything. The novel was designed to
cover all phases of Philippine life. However, almost everybody wanted to write on women.
Rizal was disgusted at such flippancy. He was more disgusted to see that his companions,
instead of working seriously on the novel, wasted their time gambling or flirting with
Spanish señoritas.
Undaunted by his friends’ indifference, he determined to write the novel alone. The
Writing of the Noli. Toward the end of 1884, Rizal began writing the novel in Madrid and
finished about one-half of it.
 When he went to Paris, in 1885, after completing his studies in the Central Immediately, Rizal, accompanied by Viola went to the Spanish embassy to seek the
University of Madrid, he continued writing the novel, finishing one-half of the second half. help of the Spanish ambassador, the Court of Benomar, who promised to attend to the
He finished the last fourth of the novel in Germany. He wrote the last few chapters of the matter.
Noli in Wilhelmsfeld in April-Junc, 1886.
In Berlin during the winter days of February 1886. Rizal made the final revisions
on the manuscript of the Noli. Sick and penniless, he saw no hope of having it published, so
that in a momentary fit of desperation, he almost hurled it into the flames. Years later he
told his good friend and former classmate, Fernando Canon: "I did not believe that the
"Noli Me Tangere would ever be published when I was in Berlin, broken-hearted,
weakened, and discouraged from hunger and deprivation. I was on the point of throwing
my work into the fire as a thing accursed and fit only to die."
Viola, Savior of the Noli. In the midst of his despondency and misery, Rizal
received a telegram from Dr. Maximo Viola who was coming to Berlin. This friend of
Rizal was a scion of a rich family of San Miguel, Bulacan. When he arrived in Berlin
shortly before Christmas Day of 1887, he was shocked to find Rizal living in poverty and
deplorably sickly due to lack of proper nourishment.
Upon seeing his talented friend's predicament, Viola, being loaded with ample
funds, gladly agreed to finance the printing. cost of the Noli. He also loaned Rizal some
cash money for living expenses. Thus, it came to pass that Rizal and Viola happily
celebrated the Christmas of 1886 in Berlin with a sumptuous feast.
After the Christmas season, Rizal put the finishing touches on his novel. To save
printing expenses, he deleted certain passages in his manuscript, including a whole chapter
-- "Elias and Salome.
On February 21, 1887, the Noli was finally finished and ready for printing. With
Viola, the savior of the Noli, Rizal went to different printing shops in Berlin to survey the
cost of printing. After a few days of inquiries, they finally found a printing shop - Berliner
Buchdruckrei-Action-Gesselschaft - which charged the lowest rate, that is, 390 pesos for
2,000 copies of the novel.
Rizal Suspected as Frenchy Spy. During the printing of the Noli, a rare incident
happened to Rizal. One morning the chief f police Berlin paid a sudden visit to Rizal's
boarding house and requested to see the latter's passport. Unfortunately, Rizal could not
produce a passport, for he had none in those days it was possible to travel without a
passport. The police chief then told him to secure a passport within four days, otherwise he
would be deported.
B. Make a reflection paper after reading chapter 13. Refer to the attached rubric for your But the ambassador failed to keep his promise, for it turned out that he had no power to
reference. issue the required passport.
RUBRIC At the expiration of the four-day ultimatum, Rizal presented himself at the office of
Above Meets Approaching Below the German police chief, apologizing for his failure to obtain a passport and politely asked
Expectations Expectations Expectations Expectations the latter why he was to be deported when he had not committed any crime. The police
4 3 2 1
chief informed him that he had received intelligence reports that he (Rizal) had made
Reflective The reflection The reflection The reflection The
Thinking explains the explains the attempts to reflection frequent visits to the villages and little towns in the rural areas, thereby arousing the
student’s own student’s demonstrate thinking does German government's suspicion that he was a French spy, inasmuch as he entered Germany
thinking and thinking about learning but is not address from Paris, where he resided for some years and was apparently a lover of France, whose
learning processes, about his/her vague and/or unclear the language and culture he knew so much. At that time the relations between France and
as well as own about the personal student’s Germany were strained on account of Alsace-Lorraine.
implications for learning learning process. thinking
future learning. processes. and/or Rizal, in fluent German language, explained to the police chief he was not a French
learning.
spy, but was a Filipino physician and scientist, particularly an ethnologist. As an
Analysis The reflection is an The reflection The reflection The
in-depth analysis of is an attempts to analyze reflection ethnologist, he visited the rural areas of the countries he visited to observe the customs and
the learning analysis of the the learning does life-styles of their simple inhabitants. Favorably impressed with Rizal's explanation and
experience, the learning experience but the not move fascinated by his mastery of the German language and personal charisma, the police chief
value of the experience and value of the learning beyond a was satisfied and allowed him to stay freely in Germany.
derived learning to the to the student or description
self or others, and value of the others is vague of the Printing of the Noli Finished. After the incident of his aborted deportation as a
the enhancement derived and/or unclear. learning suspected French spy, Rizal, with the help of Viola, supervised the printing of the Noli.
of the student’s learning to experience. Day by day, they were at the printing shop proof-reading the printed pages.
appreciation for the self or others.
discipline. On March 21, 1887, the Noli Me Tangere came off the press. Rizal immediately
Making The reflection The reflection The reflection The sent the first copies of the printed novel to his intimate friends, including Blumentritt, Dr.
Connections articulates articulates attempts to articulate reflection
Multiple connections Connections does Antonio Ma. Regidor, G. Lopez Jaena, Mariano Ponce, and Felix R: Hidalgo. In his letter
connections between this between this not articulate to Blumentritt, dated March 21, 1887, he said: "I am sending you a book. It is my first
between this learning learning any book, though I have already written much before it and received some prizes in literary
learning experience and experience and connection to competitions. It is the first impartial and bold book on the life of the Tagalogs. The
experience and content from content from other other Filipinos will find it the history of the last ten years. I hope you will notice how different
content from other other courses, courses, past learning or
are my descriptions from those of other writers. The government and the friars will
courses, past past learning learning experiences.
learning, life experiences, experiences, or probably attack the work, refuting my arguments; but I trust in the God of Truth and in the
experiences and/or and/or future personal goals, but persons who have actually seen the sufferings at close range. I hope I can answer all the
future goals. goals. the connection is concepts which have been fabricated to malign us.
vague and/or
unclear. On March 29, 1887, Rizal, in token of his appreciation and gratitude, gave Viola
TOTAL 12 pts. the galley proofs of the Noli carefully rolled around the pen that he used in writing it and a
complimentary copy, with the following inscription: "To my dear friend, Maximo Viola,
the first to read and appreciate my work - Jose Rizal."
 The Title of the Novel. The title Noli Me Tangere is a Latin phrase which means The "Noli" Based on Truth. The Noli Me Tangere, unlike many works of
"Touch Me Not: It is not originally conceived by Rizal, for he admitted taking it from the fictional literature, was a true story of Philippine conditions during the last decades of
Bible. Spanish rule.
Rizal, writing to Felix R. Hidaldo in French on March 5, 1887, said: "Noli Me One bad impression Rizal had of America was the lack of racial equality. There
Tangere, words taken from the Gospel of Saint Luke, signify "do not touch me”. In citing existed racial prejudice which was inconsistent with the principles of democracy and
the Biblical source, Rizal made a mistake. It should be the Gospel of St. John (Chapter 20, freedom of which the Americans talk so much but do not practice. Thus, he wrote to Ponce:
Verses 13 to 17). According to St. John, on the First Easter Sunday, St. Mary Magdalene “They do not have true civil liberty. In some states. the Negro cannot marry a White
visited the Holy Sepulcher, and to her Our Lord Jesus, just arisen from the dead, said: woman, nor a White man a Negress. Hatred against the Chinese leads to difficulty for other
Asiatics who, like the Japanese, are mistaken for Chinese by the ignorant, and therefore
“Touch me not; I am not yet ascended to my Father, but go to my
being disliked, too".
brethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my Father, and your Father; and
to my God and your God." In 1890, two years after Rizal's visit to the United States, Jose Alejandro, who was
then studying engineering in Belgium, roomed with him on 38 Rue Philippe Champagne,
The Author's Dedication. Rizal dedicated his Noli MeTangere to the Philippines -
Brussels. Alejandro had never been in America, so that one day he asked Rizal: "What
My Fatherland."
impressions do you have of America?”.
Symopsis of the “Noli." The novel Noli Me Fangere contains 63 chapters and an
“America," answered Rizal, “is the land par excellence of freedom but only for the
epilogue. It begins with a reception given by Capitan Tiago (Santiago de los Santos) at his
whites".
house in Calle Anloague (now Juan Luna Street) on the last day of October. This reception
or dinner was given in honor of Crisostomo lbarra, a young and rich Filipino who had just
returned after seven years of study in Europe. Ibarra was the only son of Don Rafael Ibarra,
friend of Capitan Tiago, and a fiancé of beautiful Maria Clara, supposed daughter of Exercise 13
Capitan Tiago.
A. Essay: Explain the following questions. Five points each (Refer to the attached rubric.
THE SONG OF MARIA CLARA
1. Did you experience racial discrimination? How did you feel? Why?
"Sweet are the hours in one's native land, 2. Is racial discrimination is also happening today? Cite examples.
Where all is dear the sunbeams bless; 3. What are the impressions of Rizal to America? Explain each expression.
Life-giving breezes sweep the strand, RUBRIC
And death is soften’d by love's caress Outstanding Good Fair Poor Very Poor
5 4 3 2 1
"Warm kisses play on mother's lips, Well written and very Writes fairly clear. Minimal effort. Somewhat unclear. Lacking effort. Very
organized. Excellent Good grammar Minimal grammar Shows little effort. poor grammar
On her fond, tender breast awakening: grammar mechanics. mechanics. mechanics. Poor grammar mechanics.
Wher round her neck the soft arm slips, Clear and concise Good presentation Fair presentation. mechanics. Very unclear.
statements. and organization. Few supporting Confusing and Does not address
And bright eyes smile, all love partaking. Excellent effort and Sufficient effort and details. choppy, incomplete topic.
presentation with detail. sentences. Limited attempt.
"Sweet is death for one's native land, detail. No organization of
Demonstrates a thoughts.
Where all is dear the sunbeams bless; thorough
Death is the breeze that sweeps the strand, understanding of the
topic.
Without a mother, home, or love's caress."
 Rizal in San Francisco. On Friday afternoon, May 4, 1888, the day he was The places, the characters, and the situations really existed. The facts I narrate there," said
permitted to go ashore, Rizal registered at the Palace Hotel, which was then considered a Rizal, "are all true and have happened; I can prove them."
first-class hotel in the city. On this day, he wrote on his diary:
The characters -Ibarra, Maria Clara, Elias, Tasio, Capitan Tiago, Padre Damaso,
I lodged in Palace Hotel; $4 a day with bath and everything Padre Salvi, etc. were drawn by Rizal from persons who actually existed during his times.
included. Stockton St., 312. I saw the Golden Gate... On Sunday the stores Maria Clara was Leonor Rivera, although in real life she became unfaithful, unlike the
are closed. The best Street in San Francisco is Market Street. heroine of the novel, and married an Englishman: Ibarra and Elias represented Rizal
himself. Tasio the philosopher was his elder brother, Paciano. Padre Salvi was identified by
Rizal mentioned in his diary the name of Leland Stanford, -- who was a millionaire
Rizalists as Padre Antonio Pierna vieja, the hated Augustinian friar in Cavite who was
senator representing California in the U.S. Senate at that time. This senator was the founder
killed by the patriots during the Revolution. Capitan Tiago was Capitan Hilario Sunico of
and benefactor of Stanford University at Palo Alto, California. Also recorded in Rizal's
San Nicolas. Doña Victorina was Doña Agustina Medel. The two brothers Basilio and
diary was a street Dupont Street in Chinatown which is Grant Avenue today.
Crispin were the Crisostomo brothers of Hagonoy. Padre Damaso was typical of a
Rizal stayed in San Francisco for two days - May 4 to 6, 1888. The President of the domineering friar during the days of Rizal, who was arrogant, immoral, and anti-Filipino.
Un ted States at that time was Grover Cleveland. Missing Chapter of the Noli. In the original manuscript of Noli Me Tangere, there was a
chapter entitled “Elias and Salome" which follows Chapter XXIV- "In the Woods". This
Across the American Continent. On May 6, 1888 Sunday, 4:30 P.M. Rizal left particular chapter on Elias and Salome was deleted by Rizal so that it was not included in
San Francisco-for Oakland, nine miles across San Francisco Bay, by ferry boat. the printed novel. I his reason for doing so was definitely economic. By reducing the pages
In Oakland, he boarded the train for his trip across the continent. He took his of the manuscript, the cost of printing would correspondingly be reduced.
supper at Sacramento for 754_and slept in his coach. Rizal's Friends Praise the Noli. The friends of Rizal hailed the novel, praising it
Early the following morning (May 7), he awoke and had a good breakfast at Reno, in glowing colors: As to be expected, Rizal's enemies condemned it. Rizal anticipated the
Nevada, now glamourized by American high-pressure propaganda as "The Biggest Little vitriolic attacks of his enemies, who were sore to be told the truth of their evil ways. As he
City in the World." told Blumentritt: "The government and the friars will probably attack the work, refuting my
statements, but I trust in the God of Truth and in the persons who have actually seen our
Rizal in New York. On Sunday morning, May 13, Rizal reached New York, thus sufferings."
ending his trip across the American continent. He stayed three days in this city, which he
called the "big town". He visited the scenic and historic places. He was awed and inspired Of the numerous congratulatory letters received by Rizal from his friends about the
by the memorial to George Washington. Of this great American, he wrote to Ponce: "He is Noli, that from Blumentritt was significant. "First of all," wrote Blumentritt," accept my
a great man who, I think, has no equal in this country". cordial congratulations for your beautiful novel about customs which interests me
extraordinarily. Your work, as we Germans say has been written with the blood of the
On May 16, 1888, he left New York for Liverpool on board the City of Rome. heart, and so the heart also speaks. I continue reading it with much interest, and I shall beg
According to Rizal, this steamer was the second largest ship in the world, the largest being to ask you now and then for an explanation when I find words unknown to me; for instance,
the Great Eastern”. He saw with thrilling sensation the colossal Statue of Liberty on Bedloe the word filibustero must have certain meaning in the Philippines that I do not find the
Island as his ship steamed out of New York Harbor. Spanish of the Peninsulars nor is that of the Spanish peoples of America."
Rizal's Impression of America. Rizal had good and bad impressions of the United "I knew already," continued Blumentritt, "that you were a man of extraordinary
States. The good impressions were (1) the material progress of the country as shown in the talent (I had said it to Pardo de Tavera, and this could also be seen from the marvelous
great cities, huge farms, flourishing industries, and busy factories; (2) the drive and energy short time in which you have acquired my difficult and rough mother tongue); but in spite
of the American people; (3) the natural beauty of the land; (4) the high standard of living; of this, your work has exceeded my hopes and I consider myself happy to have been
and (5) the opportunities for better life offered to poor immigrants. honored with your friendship. Not only I but also your people can also be called lucky for
having in you a son and a loyal patriot. If you will continue thus, you can become one of
those great men who will exert a definite influence on the spiritual development of your Chapter 13: Rizal's Visit to the United States (1888)
people”
Overview
In London, Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, Filipino patriot and lawyer who had been
exiled due to his complicity in the Cavite Mutiny of 1872, read avidly the Noli and was Rizal first saw America on April 28, 1888. His arrival in this great country was
very much impressed by its author. On May 3, 1887, he felicitated Rizal, saying: "If the marred by racial prejudice, for he saw the discriminatory treatment of the Chinese and the
Quixote immortalizes its author because it 'exposes to the world the ailments of Spain, your Negroes by the white Americans. He kept notes of what he observed during his trip from
Noli Me Tangere will bring, you an equal glory. With your modesty and your voracious San Francisco to New York, where he took a ship for England. From his notes and his
and able appraisal, you have dealt a mortal blow to that old tree full of blemishes and letters to his friends, we get a wealth of first-hand impressions of America, some of which
decay. Every Filipino patriot will read your book with avity and upon discovering in every were rather unfavorable but true. Rizal was a man of truth, and he wrote what he had seen
line, a veracious idea and in every word a fitting advice, he will be inspired and he will and experienced.
regard your book as the masterpiece of a Filipino and the proof that those who thought us
Learning Outcomes:
incapable of producing great intellects are mistaken or lying".
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
1. Determine the impressions of Rizal to United States.
Exercise 8
Arrival in San Francisco. The steamer Belgic, with Rizal on board, docked at San
A. Essay: Answer the following questions. Five (5) points each (Refer to the attached
Francisco on Saturday morning, April 28, 1888. All passengers were not allowed to land.
rubric).
The American health authorities placed the ship under quarantine on the ground that it
1. Why did Rizal dedicated his Noli to the Philippines? came from the Far East where a cholera epidemic was alleged to be raging. Rizal was
surprised because he knew there was no cholera epidemic at that time in the Far East. He
2. Who was the savior of Noli? Why he helped Rizal? joined the other passengers in protesting the unjustifiable action of the health authorities.
3. Why Rizal suspected as French spy? How he solved his problem? The American consul in Japan had given the ship a clean bill of health, and the British
Governor of Hong Kong certified to the absence of-cholera cases in China.
4. Where did Rizal get the idea of writing the novel? Discuss.
He soon discovered that the placing of the ship under quarantine was motivated by
5. Who wrote the Noli novel? Why some his compatriots did not help him in writing? politics. The ship was carrying 643 Chinese coolies. At that time public opinion on the
RUBRIC
Pacific coast was against cheap coolie labor because the coolies from China were
Outstanding Good Fair Poor Very Poor displacing white laborers in railroad construction camps. To win the votes of the whites in
5 4 3 2 1 California (for election was near), the administration impeded the entry of Chinese coolies.
Well written and very Writes fairly clear. Minimal effort. Somewhat unclear. Lacking effort. Very
organized. Excellent Good grammar Minimal grammar Shows little effort. poor grammar
grammar mechanics. mechanics. mechanics. Poor grammar mechanics. Rizal noticed that contrary to quarantine regulations 700 bales of valuable Chinese
Clear and concise Good presentation Fair presentation. mechanics. Very unclear. silk were landed without fumigation, that the ship doctor went ashore without protest or the
statements. and organization. Few supporting Confusing and Does not address
Excellent effort and Sufficient effort and details. choppy, incomplete topic. part of the health officers, and the customs employees ate several times on board the
presentation with detail. sentences. Limited attempt. supposedly cholera-infested ship.
detail. No organization of
Demonstrates a thoughts.
thorough
After a week of quarantine, all first-class passengers, including Rizal, were
understanding of the permitted to land. But the Chinese and Japanese passengers of the second and third-class
topic.
accommodations were forced to remain on board for a longer quarantine period.
 for human rights. The following year (1891) he published a political novel titled Chapter 9: Rizal's Grand Tour of Europe with Viola (1887)
Nankai-no-Daiharan (Storm Over The South Sea) which resembles Rizal's Noli Me
Tangere in plot. Three years later (1894) he, published another novel entitled O-unabara Overview
(The Big Ocean) which was similar to El Filibusterismo.
After the publication of the Noli, Rizal planned to visit the important places in
While still a member of the Imperial Diet, Tetcho died of heart attack in Tokyo in Europe. Dr. Maximo Viola agreed to be his traveling companion. Rizal had received
February, 1896 (ten months before Rizal's execution). He was then 49 years old. Paciano's remittance of P1,000 which was forwarded by Juan Luna from Paris. He
immediately paid Viola the sum of P300 which the latter 'kindly loaned so that the Noli
could be printed. Having paid his debt, and with adequate funds in his pocket, he was ready
to see Europe before returning to Calamba. First, he and Viola visited Potsdam, a city near
Exercise 12
Berlin, which Frederick the great made famous.
A. Identification: Identify the following:
Learning Outcomes:
_________ 1. Date of arrival in Yokohama.
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
_________ 2. Befriended onboard by Rizal in Belgic steamer.
_________ 3. Is a small, but very clean city. 1. Discuss the travel tour of Rizal and Viola.
_________ 4. Resemblance of Noli Metangere 2. Identify the memories of Rizal in his travel.
_________ 5. Resemblance of El Filibusterismo. 3. Discuss why Rizal is frustrated in the exhibition of Igorots in Madrid.
_________ 6. Date of departure from Japan.
_________ 7. Secretary of Spanish Legation. The Tour Begins. At dawn of May 11, 1887, Rizal and Viola, two brown-skinned
_________ 8. More expensive than Paris. doctors on a roaming spree, left Berlin by train. It was an ideal season for travel. Spring
_________ 9. Japanese girl attached to Jose Rizal. was in the air, and all over Europe the flowers were blooming, the meadows were turning
_________ 10. Date when Rizal checked out from Tokyo Hotel. green, and the villages were humming with activity. According to Viola, the luggage of
Rizal included all the letters he had received from his (Rizal's) family and friends. Their
B. Make a romantic timeline of Rizal and O-Sei-San. destination was Dresden, "one of the best cities in Germany".
Dresden. Rizal and Viola tarried for some time in Dresden. Their visit coincided
with the regional floral exposition. (Rizal, who was interested in botany, studied the
numerous plant varieties of extraordinary beauty and size”. They visited Dr. Adolph B.
Meyer, who was overjoyed to see them. In the Museum of Art, which they also visited,
Rizal was deeply impressed by a painting of "Prometheus Bound" and recalled seeing, a
representation of the same idea in an art gallery in Paris.
While strolling at the scene of the Floral Expedition they met Dr. Jagor. Upon
hearing of their plan to visit Leitmeritz (now Litomerice, Czechoslovakia) in order to see
Blumentritt for the first time, Dr. Jagor advised them to wire Blumentritt of their coming
because the old professor was of a nervous disposition and he might suffer a shock at their
sudden visit.
Teschen (now Decin, Czechoslovakia) was their next stopover after leaving
Dresden. Rizal and Viola sent a wire to Blumentritt, as per suggestion of Dr. Jagor.
 First Meeting with Blumentritt. At 1:30 p.m. of May 13, 1887, the train, with Voyage Across the Pacific. Despite his Sorrowing heart, Rizal enjoyed the
Rizal and Viola on board, arrived at the railroad station of Leitmeritz, Bohemia, Professor pleasant trans-Pacific voyage to the United States. On board the ship, he met a semi-
Blumentritt, who had received their wire, was at the station. He was carrying pencil sketch Filipino family Mr. Reinaldo Turner, his wife Emma Jackson (daughter of an Englishman,
of Rizal which the latter had previously sent him, so that he could identify his Filipino their children, and their raid servant from Pangasinan.
friend. He warmly received Rizal and Viola.
One day one of the children, a bright young boy, asked Rizal: “Do you know, sir, a
For the first time, the two great scholars - Rizal and Blumentritt who came to know famous man in Manila named Richal? He wrote a novel, Noli Me Tangere. Yes, hijo, I am
each other by correspondence, met in person. They greeted each other in fluent German. Richal," replied Rizal. In great joy the boy rushed to his mother, informing her that the
Blumentritt was a kind-hearted, old Austrian professor. Upon seeing the talented Rizal for famous man is their fellow passenger, she felicitated Rizal, feeling proud that they were
the first time, he immediately took him into heart, loving him as a son. travelling with a celebrity.
Professor Blumentritt, the genial host, helped Rizal and Viola get a room at Hotel Rizal and Tetcho. Another passenger which Rizal befriended on board the Belgic
Krebs, after which he brought them to his home and introduced them to his wife and was (Tetcho Suehiro, a fighting Japanese journalist, novelist, and champion of human
family. The two Filipino tourists spent many pleasant hours at the home of their kind host. rights, who was forced by the Japanese government to leave the country, just as Rizal was
They stayed in Leitneritz from May 13. to May 16, 1887. compelled to leave the Philippines by the Spanish authorities. At the beginning of the
voyage from Yokohama, Tetcho was miserably alone, for he knew only his own Japanese
Beautiful Memories of Leituneritz. Rizal had beautiful memories of his visit to
language and so he could not communicate with the ship officers and the passengers.
Leitmeritz. He enjoyed the warm hospitality of the Blumentritt family. The professor's wife
Learning of his predicament, Rizal, who knew many foreign languages, including Japanese,
Rosa, was a good cook, and she prepared special Austrian dishes which Rizal liked very
befriended him and acted as his interpreter during their long trip from Yokohama to San
much. His children were Dolores (called Dora or Dorita by Rizal), Conrad, and Fritz.
Francisco, across the U.S. to New York until they reached London, where they parted.
Blumentritt proved to be a great tourist guide as well as a hospitable host. He
Rizal and Tetcho were kindred spirits. Both were valiant patriots, implacable foes
showed the scenic and historical spots of Leitmeritz to his visitors. One afternoon he
of injustice and tyranny. Both were men of peace using their trenchant pens as formidable
invited them to a beer garden where the best beer of Bohemia was served. At a near table
weapons to fight for their peoples' welfare and happiness.
there was a lively discussion among the drinkers about the advisability of having the
railroad pass through a neighboring town. One of the men in the group was the burgomaster Rizal told Tetcho the story of his life's mission to emancipate his oppressed people
(town mayor) of that town, Blumentritt knew the burgomaster, so that he approached the from Spanish tyranny and of the persecutions which he and his family suffered from the
party and delightfully introduced his two Filipino friends. Rizal talked in fluent German, vindictive Spanish officials and bad friars, causing him to flee to foreign countries where he
for which reason the burgomaster and his friends were amazed. The burgomaster asked could freely carry on his libertarian activities. During their intimate acquaintanceship of
Rizal how long it took him to learn German. And Rizal replied: "Eleven months, sir". The almost eight months (April 13 December 1, 1888) Teicho came to admire Rizal, whose
burgomaster was further amazed, and in great admiration, he lauded the “privileged talent" patriotism and magnificent talents greatly fascinated him and influenced him to fortify his
of Rizal. Blumentritt embraced Rizal, telling him that few Germans could speak well their own crusade for human rights in his own country.
own language as Rizal could.
On December 1, 1888, after a last warm handshake and bidding each other
On another afternoon Rizal and Viola were invited to a meeting of the Tourists' "goodbye," Rizal and Tetcho parted ways never to meet again. Rizal remained in London to
Club of Leitmeritz, of which Blumentritt was the secretary. Rizal spoke extemporaneously conduct historical researches on Mora at the British Museum, while Tetcho returned to
in fluent German to the officers and members, praising Austria's idyllic scenes and its Japan.
hospitable, nature-loving, and noble people. The audience wildly applauded him, for they
In 1889, shortly after his return to Japan, he published his travel diary which
were enchanted by his eloquence and fluency in German.
contained his impressions of Rizal.
Rizal, desiring to commemorate his happy hours at the Blumentritt home, painted a
portrait of the kind professor and gave it to him. Blumentritt was pleased with the gift.
After the publication of his travel diary, Tetcho resigned his position as editor of Tokyo
newspaper, Choya, and entered politics. In 1890 he was elected as member of the lower
house of the First Imperial Diet (Japanese parliament), where he carried on his fight
 his affection, for it was the first time her heart palpitated with joys to see a man of husband's tomb at Zoshigawa Cemetery. A Japanese inscription on their tomb reads as
gallantry, dignity, courtesy, and versatile talents follows: Alfred Charlton, 5th Order of Merit, and Wife Seiko.
O-Sei-San helped Rizal in many ways. More than a sweetheart, she was his guide,
interpreter, and tutor. She guided him in observing the shrines and villages around Tokyo.
She improved his knowledge of Nippongo (Japanese language) and Japanese history. And
she interpreted for him the Kabuki plays and the quaint customs and more of the Japanese
people.
O-Sei-San's beauty and affection almost tempted Rizal to settle down in Japan. At
the same time, he was offered a good mold, of lesser will power, he would have lived
permanently in Japan - and happily at that with O-Sei-San; but then the world, in general,
and the Philippines, in particular, would have lost a Rizal.
Rizal on O-Sei-San. Rizal's great love for O-Sei-San is attested by the hero's diary.
Sayonara, Japan. On April 13. 1888, Rizal boarded the Belgic, an English
steamer, at Yokohama, bound for the United States. He left Japan with a heavy heart, for he
knew that he would never again see this beautiful “Land of the Cherry Blossoms" and his
beloved O-Sei-San. Truly, his sojourn in Japan for 45 days was one of the happiest
interludes in his life.
O-Sei-San After Rizal's Departure. As everything on earth has to end, the
beautiful romance between Rizal and O-Sci-San inevitably came to a dolorous ending.
Sacrificing his personal happiness, Rizal had to carry on his libertarian mission in Europe,
accordingly, he resumed his voyage, leaving behind the lovely O-Sei-San, whom he
passionately loved.
Broken-hearted by the departure of Rizal, the first man to capture her heart, O-Sei-
San mourned for a long time the loss of her lover. Eventually, she became resigned to her
fate, cherishing unto death the nostalgic memories of her romance with Rizal.
About 1897, a year after Rizal's execution, she married Mr. Alfred Charlton,
British teacher of chemistry of the Peers' School in Tokyo. Their wedlock was blessed by
only one child - daughter named Yuriko After many years of teaching, Charlton was
awarded by the Japanese government with an imperial decoration Order of Merit, 5th Class.
He died on November 2, 1915, survived by O-Sei-San, whose real name was Seiko Usui,
and their daughter Yuriko. This daughter later married Yoshiharu Takiguchi, son of a
Japanese senator.
Mrs. Charlton (O-Sei-San), as a widow, lived in a comfortable home in Shinjuko
district, Tokyo. She survived World War II, but her home was destroyed in 1944 by the
U.S. bombing of Tokyo. She died on May 1, 1947 at the age of 80. She was buried in her
 It was during his visit to Leitmeritz when Rizal met another renowned scientist of Vienna. On May 20, Rizal and Viola arrived in the beautiful city of Vienna, capital
Europe, Dr. Carlos Czepelak. Blumentritt brought him to Czepelak's home, and Rizal had a of Austria-Hungary. Famous in song and story, this city fascinated Rizal because of its
nice conversation with this Polish scholar. Blumentritt also introduced Rizal to Professor beautiful buildings, religious images, haunting waltzes, and majestic charm. Vienna was
Robert Klutschak, an eminent naturalist. truly the “Queen of the Danube".
On their last night in Leitmeritz, Rizal and Viola, to reciprocate Blumentritt's Rizal and Viola, armed with a letter of recommendation from Biumentritt, met
hospitality, tendered a banquet - a farewell dinner in his honor' at their hotel. Nortenfals, one of the greatest novelists in Europe during that time. This great. Austrian
novelist was favorably impressed by Rizal, and years later he spoke highly of Rizal, whose
On May 16, at 9:45 A.M., Rizal and Viola left Leitmeritz by train. Blumentritt, his
genius he so much admired".
wife, and children were at the railroad station to see them off, and they all shed tears in
parting as the train slowly departed. In Vienna, Rizal received his lost diamond stickpin. It was found by a maid in
Hotel Krebs and was given to Błumentritt who, in turn, forwarded it to Rizal in Vienna.
Rizal carried unto his grave the beautiful memories of his visit to Leitmeritz. In a
letter to Blumentritt, written in Vienna on May 24, 1887, Rizal expressed his and Viola's Rizal and Viola stayed at Hotel Metropole. They visited the city's interesting
concern for the illness of Dora, the professor's little daughter, "Viola and I," thus wrote places, such as churches, museums, a galleries, theaters, and public parks. They met two
Rizal, are very sad because our little friend Dora is sick. We still remember her little blue good friends of Blumentritt - Masner and Nordmann, Austrian scholars.
eyes; we hear her merry laughter, and we see her little teeth. Poor Dorita! I saw her run
Danubian Voyage to Lintz. On May 24, Rizal and Viola left Vienna on a river
after us when the train was leaving! With all my heart I wish her prompt recovery".
boat to see the beautiful sights of the Danube River. As they traveled along the famous
In another letter, written in Brunn, Austria, on May 19, 1887, three days after river, Rizal observed keenly the river sights the barges loaded with products, the flowers
leaving Leitmeritz, Rizal wrote to Blumentritt: "I shall make my good friends of Leitmeritz and plants growing along the river banks, the boats with families living on them, and the
the objects of my thoughts and I shall say of myself: You are not alone, Rizal; in a small quaint villages on the riversides. We particularly noticed that the passengers. on the river
comer of Bohemia there are good, noble, and friendly souls who like you; think of them, boat were using paper napkins during the meals, which was a novelty to him. His fellow
consider them as if they were with you, as if they saw you; they will rejoice over your joys, passenger, Viola, commented that the paper napkins were "more hygienic and economical
and will weep over your suffering. . . Please kiss the children for me, express my greetings than cloth napkins.
to your wife, and to your good father and the friends in Leitneritz. I am at heart an
From Lintz to Rheinfall. The river voyage ended in. Lintz. They traveled
inhabitant of Leitmeritz just as you yourself are a Filipino in sentiments. I believe Austria
overland to Salzburg, and from there to Munich where they sojourned for a short time to
will always live in my heart". In the same letter, Rizal told Blumentritt that he forgot his
savor the famous Munich beer, reputed to be the best in Germany.
diamond stickpin at his room in Hotel Krebs.
From Munich, they went to Nuremberg, one of the oldest cities of Germany.
Prague. After Leitmeritz, Rizal and Viola visited the historic city of Prague. They
Among the sights which they saw in this city were the horrible torture machines used by
carried letters of recommendation from Blumentritt to D. Willkom, professor of natural
the Inquisition. Rizal examined carefully these torture machines. He and Viola were
history in the University of Prague. The good professor and his charming wife and
impressed by the manufacture of dolls which was the biggest industry of the city.
daughters welcomed them and showed them the city's historic spots.
After Munich, they visited Ulm. The cathedral of this city was "the largest and
Rizal and Viola visited the tomb of Copernicus, the famous astronomer; the
tallest in 'all Germany". Viola related that he and Rizal climbed its many hundred steps. He
museum of natural history; the bacteriological laboratories; the famous cave where San
rested twice on the way to the tower and felt dizzy from the strain upon reaching the top.
Juan Nepomuceno, the Catholic saint, was imprisoned; and the bridge from which this saint
Rizal, on the other hand, ascended without resting and was 'not tired when he reached the
was hurled into the river.
top.
After saying good-bye to Professor Willkomm and his family, the two tourists went
From Ulm, they went to Stuttgart, Baden, and then Rheinfall (Cascade of the
to Brunn. According to Viola, "nothing of importance happened” in this city.
Rhine). At Rheinfall, they saw the waterfall "the most beautiful waterfall of Europe":
 Rizal saw in lovely O-Sei-San the qualities of his ideal womanhood -- beauty, charm,
modesty, and intelligence. No wonder, he fell deeply in love with her. O-Sei-San
4. There were very few thieves in Japan, so that the houses remained open
reciprocated
day and night, and in the hotel room one could safely leave money on the
table.
5. Beggars were rarely seen in the city streets, unlike in Manila and other
cities.
However, there is one thing which he did not like in Japan, and that was the
popular mode of transportation by means of rickshaws drawn by men, His sensitive soul
recoiled at seeing human beings working like horses, pulling the carts called rickshaws. He
felt disgusted at the way a human being was employed like a horse.
Romance with o-Sei-San: One spring afternoon, a few days after he had moved to
the Spanish Legation in the Azabu district of Tokyo, Rizal saw a pretty Japanese girl
walking past the legation gate. Being a man with an eye for feminine beauty, he was
attracted by her regal loveliness and charm. He craved to meet her - but how?
Rizal made inquiries among the legation employees and learned from one of them
(a Japanese gardener) that she was Seiko Usui, who lived in her parents' home and that she
used to pass by the legation during her daily afternoon walk,
The following afternoon, Rizal and the Japanese gardener waited at the legation
gate and watched for the girl? As she approached, he took off his hat and politely
introduced himself, as was the custom in Germany. At that time, Rizal's Japanese was still
very poor so that the gardener came to his 'aid and explained to the girl that the young man
was a physician from Manila who was a guest of the Spanish Legation.
Seiko-san was mildly amused at the gallant gentleman from the Philippines who
spoke in halting Japanese. She replied in English, for she knew that language and also
French. The two then conversed in both English and French the language barrier was thus
eliminated.
Since that first meeting, Rizal and O-Sei-San, as Rizal called her, met almost daily.
Together, they visited the interesting spots of the city the Imperial Art Gallery, the Imperial
Library, the universities, the Shokubutsu-en (Botanical Garden), the city parks (particularly
Hibiya Park), and the picturesque shrines.
Both found happiness in each other's company. Rizal was then a lonely physician
of 27 years old, disillusioned by his frustrated romance with Leonor Rivera and embittered
by Spanish injustices at home. O-Sei-San was a lonely samurai's daughter of 23 years old
and had never yet experienced the ecstasy of true love. Affinity of interest in the arts paved
the way for their romance.
 During his first day in Tokyo, Rizal was embarrassed because he did not know the Crossing the Frontier to Switzerland. From Rheinfall, they crossed the frontier to
Japanese language. He looked like a Japanese, but could not talk Japanese. He had a hard Schaffhausen, Switzerland. They stayed in this city from June 2 to 3, 1887. They continued
time shopping, for he could not be understood and the Japanese children laughed at him. their tour to Basel (Bale), Bern, and Lausanne.
Thus, he wrote to Blumentritt. "Here you have your friend, Rizal the wonder of the
Geneva. After sightseeing in Lausanne, Rizal and Viola left Swiss city is one of
Japanese, who has the face of a Japanese but does not speak Japanese: On the streets, when
the most beautiful cities in Europe, visited on a little boat, crossing the foggy Leman Lake
I go shopping, people look at me and ill-educated children laugh because I speak such a
to Geneva. This by-world tourists every year. The people of Geneva were linguists,
strange language. In Tokyo very few persons speak English, but in Yokohama many speak
speaking French, German, and Italian. Rizal conversed with them in these three languages.
it. Some believe I am an Europeanized Japanese who does not want to be taken as such."
Aside from visiting the tourist spots, Rizal and Viola went boating on the lake. In
To avoid further embarrassment, Rizal decided to study the Japanese language.
this aquatic excursion, Rizal showed his Towing prowess which he acquired during his
Being a born linguist, he was able to speak it within a few days. He also studied the
boyhood days in Calamba.
Japanese drama (kabuki), arts, music, and judo (Japanese art of self-defense). He browsed
in the museums, libraries, art galleries, and shrines. He visited Meguro, Nikko, Hakone, On June 10, 1887, Rizal treated Viola to a blow-out. It was his 26th birthday.
Miyanoshita, and the charming villages of Japan. According to a Filipino custom, he celebrated his birthday with a sumptuous meal.
Rizal and the Tokyo Musicians. One cool afternoon in March, 1888, Rizal was Rizal and Viola spent fifteen delightful days in Geneva. On June 23, they parted
promenading in a street of Tokyo near a park. It was a beautiful spring afternoon. There ways Viola returned to Barcelona while Rizal continued the tour to Italy.
were many people at the park.
Rizal Resents Exhibition of Igorots in 1887 Madrid Exposition. While Rizal,
As he approached the park, Rizal heard the Tokyo band playing a classical work of accompanied by Dr. Viola, was happily touring Europe, an Exposition of the Philippines
Strauss. He was impressed by the superb performances of the Western music. He stopped was held in Madrid, Spain. Upon reaching Geneva (Switzerland), he received sad news
and listened in rapt attention. He thought: "How admirable was the rendition. I wonder how from his friends in Madrid of the deplorable conditions of the primitive Igorots who were
these Japanese people have assimilated. the modern European music to the extent of exhibited in this exposition, some of whom died, and whose scanty clothing (G-strings) and
playing the beautiful musical masterpieces of the great European composers so well!" crude weapons were objects of mockery and laughter by the Spanish people and press.
The band stopped playing. The musicians descended from the bandstand and Being a champion of human dignity, Rizal was outraged by this degradation of his
walked around for a rest. Some began to converse. To Rizal's amazement, they were talking fellow countrymen the Igorots of Northern Luzon. In a letter to his friend, Blumentritt,
in Tagalog. He approached them, inquiring in Tagalog: "Paisano, taga saan po kayo?" dated Geneva, June 6, 1887, he said:
(Compatriot, where are you from?). The musicians were equally surprised and delighted to
meet him. They told him they were Filipinos and that the principal instruments in the band “My poor compatriots (Igorots -- z.) who are now being exhibited
were Japanese, but they were playing only the secondary instruments. in Madrid are mocked by Spanish newspapers, except El Liberal which
says that it is not consistent with human dignity to be exhibited side by side
Rizal's Impression of Japan. Rizal was favorably impressed by Japan. He was a with animals and plants. I have done everything possible to prevent the
keen observer, taking copious notes on the lite, customs, and culture of the people. He was display of this degradation of men of my race, but I have not succeeded.
no silly, lightheaded tourist who merely enjoys attractive sights that appealed only to the Now one woman died of pneumonia. The Igorots were housed in a barraca
senses. The things which favorably impressed Rizal in Japan were: (rustic house made of bamboo, grass, and tree branches Z.). And El
Resumen still makes mean jokes about it!”
1. The beauty of the country its flowers, mountains, streams, and scenic
panoramas. In another letter to Blumentritt, dated Geneva, June 19, 1887, Rizal said he was in
2. The cleanliness, politeness, and industry of the Japanese people. favor of holding an exposition, but not an exhibition of odd individuals, showing our
3. The picturesque dress and simple charm of the Japanese women countrymen as a curiosity to entertain the idle inhabitants of Madrid". He emphatically
reiterated: "We want an industrial exposition, but not an exhibition of human beings who
are compelled to live almost outdoors and die of nostalgia and pneumonia or typhus!"
Chapter 12: Romantic Interlude in Japan (1868)
Rizal in Italy. From Geneva, Rizal went to Italy. He visited Turin, Milan, Venice,
and Florence. On June 27, 1887, he reached Rome, the "Eternal City" and also called the Overview
"City of the Caesars".
One of the happiest interludes in the life of Rizal was his sojourn in the Land of the
He was thrilled by the sights and memories of the Eternal City. Describing to Cherry Blossoms for one month and a half (February 28 - April 13, 1888). He was
Blumentritt, the grandeur that was Rome". enchanted by the natural beauty of Japan, the charming manners of the Japanese people,
and the picturesque shrines. Moreover, he fell in love with a Japanese girl, whose loveliness
On June 29th, the Feast Day of St. Peter and St. Paul, Rizal visited for the first time infused joy and romance in his sorrowing heart. Her real name was Seiko Usui. Rizal
the Vatican, the "City of the Popes" and the capital of Christendom. He was deeply affectionately called her O-Sei-San. Fate, however, cut short his happy days in Japan. He
impressed by the magnificent edifices, particularly of St. Peter's Church, the rare works of had to sacrifice his own happiness to carry on his work for the redemption of his oppressed
art, the vast St. Peter's Square, the colorful Papal Guards and the atmosphere of religious people.
devotion that pervaded the Vatican.
Learning Outcomes:
Every night, after sightseeing the whole day, Rizal returned Blumentritt, "but I will
sleep as a god”. At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

After a week of wonderful sojourn in Rome, he prepared to return to the 1. Identify the memories of Rizal in Japan
Philippines. He had already written to his father to his hotel, very tired. "I am tired as a 2. Discuss the romance of Rizal to O-Sei-San.
dog," he wrote to that he was coming home.

Rizal Arrives in Yokohama. Early in the morning of Tuesday, February 28, 1888,
Exercise 9 Rizal arrived in Yokohama. He registered at the Grand Hotel.

A. Essay: Answer the following questions. Five (5) points each (Refer to the attached The next day ho proceeded to Tokyo and took a room at Tokyo Hotel, where he
rubric). stayed from March 2 to 7. He was impressed by the city of Tokyo. He wrote to Professor
Blumentritt: "Tokyo is more expensive than Paris. The walls are built in cyclopean manner.
1. What is the advice of Dr. Jagor to Rizal and Viola in visiting Blumentritt? Why? The streets are large and wide.
2. What are the beautiful memories of Rizal in Leitmeritz? Discuss.
3. Why Rizal is frustrated in the exhibition of Igorots in Madrid. Rizal in Tokyo. Shortly after Rizal's arrival in Tokyo, he was visited at his hotel by
(Juan Perez Caballero, secretary of the Spanish Legation. The latter invited him to live at
RUBRIC
Outstanding Good Fair Poor Very Poor the Spanish Legation.
5 4 3 2 1
Well written and very organized. Excellent Writes fairly clear. Good Minimal effort. Somewhat unclear. Shows Lacking effort. Very poor
grammar mechanics. grammar mechanics. Minimal little effort. Poor grammar grammar mechanics. Rizal, being an intelligent man, realized that the Spanish, diplomatic authorities
Clear and concise statements. Good presentation and grammar mechanics. Very unclear.
Excellent effort and presentation with organization. mechanics. Confusing and choppy, Does not address topic. were instructed from Manila to monitor his movements in Japan. He accepted the invitation
detail. Sufficient effort and Fair presentation. incomplete sentences. Limited attempt.
Demonstrates a thorough understanding of detail. Few supporting No organization of thoughts. for two reasons: (1) he could economize his living expenses by staying at the legation and
the topic. details.
(2) he had nothing to hide from the prying eyes of the Spanish authorities.

B. Make a timeline of Rizal and Viola tour in Europe and state their observations and
memories they have in every place they visited.
 On March 7, Rizal checked out of Tokyo Hotel and lived at the Spanish Legation.
He and Perez Caballero became good friends. In a letter to Blumentritt, he described the
Spanish diplomat as a young, fine, and excellent writer" and "an able diplomat who had
traveled much".
 foreign banks. It had millions of dollars deposited in the banks which earned Chapter 10: First Homecoming, 1887-88
fabulous interests,
Overview
5. Of the Hong Kong cemeteries belonging to the Protestants, Catholics, and
Muslims, that of the Protestants was the most beautiful because of its well-groomed All the alluring beauties of foreign countries and all the beautiful memories of his
plants and clean pathways. The Catholic cemetery was most pompous, with its sojourn in alien lands could neither make Rizal forget his fatherland nor turn his back to his
ornate and expensive mausoleums and extravagantly carved sepulchers. The own nationality. True that he studied abroad, acquired the lore and languages of foreign
Muslim cemetery was the simplest, containing only a little mosque and tombstones nations, and enjoyed the friendship of many great men of the Western world; but he
with Arabic inscriptions. remained at heart a true Filipino with an unquenchable love for the Philippines and an
unshakable determination to die in the land of his birth. Thus, after five years of memorable
Departure from Hong Kong. On February 22, 1888, Rizal left Hong Kong on sojourn in Europe, he returned to the Philippines in August 1887 and practiced medicine in
board the Oceanic, an American steamer. His destination was Japan. He did not like the Calamba: He lived the quiet life of a country doctor. But his enemies, who resented his
meals on board, but he liked the ship because it was clean and efficiently managed. His Noli, persecuted him, even threatening to kill him.
cabinmate was a British Protestant missionary who had lived in China for 27 years and
knew the Chinese language very well. Rizal called him "a good man". Learning Outcomes:

Other passengers, with whom Rizal conversed in their own languages, were two At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
Portuguese, two Chinese, several British, and an American woman Protestant missionary.
1. Determine the reasons of Rizal in returning home.
2. Identify the attackers and defenders of Noli.
3. Explain why Rizal left Philippines for the second time.
Exercise 11
Decision to Return Home. Because of the publication of the Noli Me Tangere and
A. Identification: Identify the following: the uproar it caused among the friars, Rizal was warned by Paciano (his brother), Silvestre
_________ 1. Transportation used by Rizal during his travel from Manila to Hongkong. Ubaldo (his brother-in-law), Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio), and other friends not to return
_________ 2. Portuguese colony near Hongkong. home. But he did not heed their warning. He was determined to return to the Philippines for
_________ 3. Is a small, but very clean city. the following reasons: (1) to operate on his mother's eyes; 2) to serve his people who had
_________ 4. Former secretary of Governor General Terrero, shadowed Rizal's movement long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants; (3) to find out for himself how the Noli and his
in Hong Kong. other writings were affecting Filipinos and Spaniards in the Philippines; and (4) to inquire
_________ 5. Date of departure from Hongkong to Japan. why Leonor Rivera remained silent.
B. Make a timeline of Rizal’s travel from the Philippines to Hongkong and Macao. In a letter to Blumentritt, written in Geneva on June 19, 1887, Rizal said: “Your
advice that I live in Madrid and continue to write from there is very benevolent but I cannot
accept it. I cannot endure the life in Madrid where everything is a voice in a wilderness. My
parents want to see me, and I want to see them also. All my life I desire to live in my
country by the side of my family. Until now I am not Europeanized like the Filipinos of
Madrid; I always like to return to the country of my birth".
In Rome, on June 29, 1887. Rizal, wrote to his father, announcing his homecoming.
"On the 15th of July, at the latest he wrote, “I shall embark for our country, so that from the
15th to the 30th of August, we shall see each other".
 Delightful Trip to Manila. Rizal left Rome by train for Marseilles, a French port, their ailments and soon be acquired a lucrative medical practice. His professional fees were
which he reached without mishap. On July 3, 1887, he boarded the steamer Djemnah, the reasonable, even
same steamer which brought him to Europe five years ago. There were about 50
Visit to Macao. On February 18, Rizal, accompanied by Basa boarded the ferry
passengers, including 4 Englishmen, 2 Germans; 3 Chinese 2 Japanese, many Frenchmen,
steamer Kiu Kiang for Macao. He was surprised to see among the passengers a familiar
and 1 'Filipino (Rizal).
figure Sainz de Varanda.
Rizal was the only one among the passengers who could speak many languages, so
Macao is a Portuguese colony near Hong Kong. The city of Macao," wrote Rizal,
that he acted as interpreter for his companions.
in his diary, "is small, low, and gloomy. There are many junks, sampans, but few steamers.
The steamer was enroute to the Orient via the Suez Canal. Rizal thus saw this It looks sad and is almost dead.
historic canal for the second time, the first time was when he sailed to Europe from Manila
In Macao, Rizal and Basa stayed at the home of Don Juan Francisco Lecaros, a
in 1882. On board, he played chess with fellow passengers and engaged in lively
Filipino gentleman married to a Portuguese lady. He was rich and spent his days
conversation in many languages. Some passengers sang; others played on the piano and
'cultivating plants and flowers, many of which came from the Philippines.
accordion. After leaving Aden, the weather became rough and some of Rizal's books got
wet. During his two-day sojourn in Macao, Rizal visited the theatre, casino, cathedral
and churches, pagodas, botanical gar den, and bazaars, he also saw the famous Grotto of
At Saigon, on July 30, he transferred to another steamer Haiphong which was
Camoens, Portugal's national poet. In the evening of February 19, he witnessed a Catholic
Manila-hound. On August 2, this steamer left Saigon for Manila.
procession, in which the devotees were dressed in blue and purple dresses and were
Arrival in Manila. Rizal's voyage from Saigon to Manila was pleasant. On August carrying unlighted candles.
3rd the moon was full, and he slept soundly the whole night. The calm sea, illumined by the
On February 20. Rizal and Basa returned to Hong Kong, again on board the ferry
silvery moonlight, was a magnificent sight to him. Near midnight of August 5, the
steamer Kiu Kiang.
Haiphong arrived in Manila. Rizal went ashore with a happy heart for he once more trod his
beloved native soil. He stayed in the city for a short time to visit his friends. He found Experiences in Hong Kong. During his two-week visit in Hong Kong, Rizal
Manila the same as when he left it five years ago. There were the same old churches and studied Chinese life, language, drama, and customs, He wrote down in his own diary the
buildings, the same holes in the roads, the same boats on the Pasig River, and the same following experiences:
heaty walls surrounding the city.
1. Noisy celebration of the Chinese New Year which lasted from February 11th
Happy Homecoming. On August 8th, he returned to Calamba. His family (Saturday) to 13th (Monday). Continuous explosions of firecrackers. The richer the
welcomed him affectionately, with plentiful tears of joy. Writing to Blumentritt of his Chinese, the more firecrackers he exploded. Rizal himself fired many firecrackers
homecoming, he said: "That a pleasant voyage. I found my family enjoying good health at the window of his hotel.
and our happiness was great in seeing each other again. They shed tears of joy and I had to
answer ten thousand questions at the same time". 2. Boisterous Chinese thcatre, with noisy audience and noisier 'music: In the
Chinese dramatic art, Rizal observed the following: (1) a man astride a stick means
The rejoicings of Rizal's return over, his family became worried for his safety. a man riding on horseback, (2) an actor raising his leg means he is entering a
Paciano did not leave him during the first days after arrival to protect him from any enemy house, (3) a red dress indicates a wedding, (4) a girl about to be married coyly
assault. His own father would not let him go out alone, lest something might happen to him. covers her face with a fan even in the presence of her fiancé, and (5) a man raising
a whip signifies he is about to ride a horse.
In Calamba, Rizal established a medical clinic. His first patient was his mother,
who was almost blind. He treated her eyes, but could not perform any surgical operation 3. The marathon lauriat party, wherein the guests were served numerous dishes,
because her eye cataracts were not yet ripe. News of the arrival of a great doctor from such as dried fruits, geese', shrimps, century eggs, shark fins, bird nests, white
Germany spread far and wide. Patients from Manila and the provinces flocked to Calamba. ducks, chicken with vinegar, fish heads, roasted pigs, tea, etc. The longest meal in
Rizal, who came to be called "Doctor Uliman" because he came from Germany, treated the world.
4. The Dominican Order was the richest religious order in Hong Kong. It engaged
actively in business. It owned more than 700 houses for rent and many shares in
 Chapter 11: Hong Kong and Macao, 1888 gratis to the poor. Within a few months, he was able to earn P900 as a physician. By
February, 1883, he earned a total of P5,000 as medical fees.
Overview:
Unlike many successful medical practitioners, Rizal did not selfishly devote all his
Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was forced to leave his country for a second time to enriching himself. He opened a gymnasium for young folks, where he introduced
time in February 1888. He was then a full-grown man of 27 years of age, a practicing European sports. He tried to interest his townmates in gymnastics, fencing and shooting so
physician, and a recognized man-of-letters. The first time he went abroad in June 1882, he as to discourage the cockfights and gambling."
was a mere lad of 21, a youthful student in search of wisdom in the Old World, a romantic
idealist with beautiful dreams of emancipating his people from bondage by the magic Rizal suffered one failure during his six months of sojourn in Calamba - his failure
power of his pen. Times had changed. Rizal at 27 was an embittered victim of human to see Leonor Rivera. He tried to go to Dagupan, but his parents absolutely forbade him to
iniquities, a disillusioned dreamer, à frustrated reformer. go because Leonor's mother did not like him for a son-in-law. With a heavy heart, Rizal
bowed to his parent's wish. He was caught within the iron grip of the custom of his time
Learning Outcomes: that marriages must be arranged by the parents of both groom and bride.
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to: Storm over the Noli. Meanwhile, as Rizal was peacefully living in Calamba, his
enemies plotted his doom. Aside from practicing medicine, attending to his gymnasium,
1. Identify the associates met by Rizal during his travel in Hongkong and Macao.
which he established, and taking part in the town's civic affairs, he painted several beautiful
2. Discuss the experiences of Rizal during his travel in Hongkong and Macao
landscapes and translated the German poems of Von Wildernath into Tagalog.
The Trip to Hong Kong. On February 3, 1888, after a short stay of six months in A few weeks after his arrival, a storm broke over his novel. One day Rizal received
his beloved Calamba, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on board the Zafiro. He was sick a letter from Governor General Emilio Terrero (1885-83) requesting him to come to
and sad during the crossing of the choppy China Sea. He did not get off his ship when it Malacañan Palace. Somebody had whispered to the governor's ear that the Noli contained
made brief stopover at Amoy on February. 7. For three reasons: (1) he was not feeling well, subversive ideas.
(2) it was raining hard, and (3) he heard that the city was dirty. He arrived in Hong Kong on
February 8. Rizal went to Manila and appeared at Malacañang. When he was informed by
Governor General Terrero of the charge, he denied it, explaining that he merely exposed
During his stay in Hong Kong, a British colony, Rizal wrote a letter to Blumerritt, the truth, but he did not advocate subversive ideas. Pleased by his explanation and curious
dated February 16, 1888, expressing his bitterness. about the controversial book, the governor general asked the author for a copy of the Noli
In Hong Kong, Rizal stayed, at Victoria Hotel He was welcomed by the Filipino so that he could read it. Rizal had no copy then because the only copy he brought home was
residents, including Jose Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio, and Manuel Yriarte (son of given to a friend. However, he promised to secure one for the governor general.
Francisco Yriarte, alcalde mayor of Laguna). Rizal visited the Jesuit fathers to ask for the copy' he sent them, but they would not
A Spaniard, Jose Sainz de Varanda, who was a former secretary of Governor part with it. The Jesuits, especially his former professors -- Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez,
General Terrero, shadowed Rizal's movement in Hong Kong. It is believed that he was Fr. Jose Bech, and Fr. Federico Faura were glad to see him. He had a spirited discussion
commissioned by the Spanish authorities to spy on Rizal. with Father Faura, who ventured an opinion that everything, in it was the truth", but added:
"You may lose your head for it".
"Hong Kong," wrote Rizal to Blumentritt on February 16, 1888, "is a small, but
very clean city. Many Portuguese, Hindus, English, Chinese, and Jews live in it. There are Fortunately, Rizal found a copy in the hands of a friend. He was able to get it and
some Filipinos, the majority of whom being those who had been exiled to the Marianas gave it to Governor General Terrero. The governor general, who was a liberal-minded
Islands in 1872. They are poor, gentle, and timid. Formerly they were rich mechanics, Spaniard, knew that Rizal's life was in jeopardy because the friars were powerful. For
industrialists, and financiers." security measure, he assigned a young Spanish lieutenant, Don Jose Taviel de Andrade, as
bodyguard of Rizal. This lieutenant belonged to a noble family. He was cultured and knew
painting, and could speak English, French, and Spanish.
 Governor General Terrero read the Noli and found nothing wrong with it. But 4: Porque triunfan los impios? (Why Do the impious
Rizal's enemies were powerful. The Archbishop of Manila, Msgr. Pedro Payo (a BOYS:
Dominican) sent a copy of the Noli to Father Rector Gregorio Echavarria of the University Teach us then the hardest tasks
of Santo Tomas for examination by a committee of the faculty. The committee, which was For down thy trails we turn our feet
composed of Dominican professors, submitted its report to the Father Rector, who That when our country calls tomorrow
immediately transmitted it to Archbishop Payo. The archbishop, in turn, lost no time in Thy purposes. we may complete.
forwarding it to the governor general. This report of the faculty members of the University And may our elders say, who see us.
of Santo Tomas stated that the Noli was "heretical, impious, and scandalous in the religious See! How worthy of their sires!
order, and anti-patriotic, subversive of public order, injurious to the government of Spain No incense can exalt our dead ones
and its function in the Philippine Islands in the political order”. Like a brave son who aspires!
Governor General Terrero was dissatisfied with the report of the Dominicans, for
Exercise 10
he knew that the Dominicans were prejudiced against Rizal. He sent the novel to the
Permanent Commission of Censorship which was composed of priests and laymen. The A. Essay: Explain the following questions. Five points each (Refer to exercise 9 rubric).
report of this commission was drafted by its head, Fr. Salvador Font, Augustinian cura of
Tondo, and submitted to the governor general on December 29. It found the novel to 1. Who are the attackers and defenders of Noli?
contain subversive ideas against the Church and Spain, and recommended that the 2. What motivates Rizal to return home?
importation, reproduction and circulation of this pernicious book in the islands-be 3. Why Rizal leave the Philippines for the second time?
absolutely prohibited". 4. Who was a good governor helped Rizal not to be hurt by the Spaniards? Cite some help
extended to Rizal by the governor.
When the newspapers published Font's written report of the censorship
commission, Rizal and his friends became apprehensive and uneasy. The enemies of Rizal B. Write a reflection paper after the Hymn to Labor.
exulted in unholy glee. The banning of the Noli only served to make it popular. Everybody RUBRIC
Above Meets Approaching Below
wanted to read it. News about the great book spread among the masses. What the hated Expectations
4
Expectations
3
Expectations
2
Expectations
1
Spanish masters did not like, the oppressed masses liked very much. Despite the Reflective The reflection explains the The reflection The reflection attempts to The reflection
Thinking student’s own thinking and explains the demonstrate thinking about does
government prohibition and the vigilance of the cruel Guardia Civil many Filipinos were learning processes, as well student’s thinking learning but is not address
able to get hold of copies of the Noli which they read at night behind closed doors. as about his/her own vague and/or unclear about the
implications for future learning processes. the personal learning student’s
Thanks to Governor Gencral Terrero, there were no mass imprisonment or mass learning. process. thinking
and/or
execution of Filipinos. He refused to be intimidated by the friars who clamored for harsh learning.
measures against people caught reading the novel and its author. Analysis The reflection is an in-depth The reflection is an The reflection attempts to The reflection
analysis of the learning analysis of the analyze the learning does
experience, the value of the learning experience but the not move
Attackers of the Noli. The battle over the Noli took the form of a virulent war of derived learning to self or experience and the value of the learning to the beyond a
words. Father Font printed his report and distributed copies of it. in order to discredit the others, and the enhancement value of the student or others is vague description of
of the student’s appreciation derived learning to and/or unclear. the
controversial novel. Another Augustiniani, Fr. Jose Rodriguez, Prior of Guadalupe, for the discipline. self or others. learning
published a series of eight pamphlets under the general heading Cuestiones de Sumo Interes experience.
Making The reflection articulates The reflection The reflection attempts to The reflection
(Questions of Supreme Interest) to blast the Noli and other anti-Spanish writings. These Connection Multiple connections articulates articulate does
eight pamphlets were entitled as follows: s between this learning connections Connections between this not articulate
experience and content from between this learning any
1. Porque no los he de leer? (Why should I not Read Them?) other courses, past learning, learning experience experience and content from connection to
life experiences and/or and content from other courses, past learning other
2. Guardaos de ellos. Porque? (Beware of them. Why?). future goals. other courses, past experiences, or personal learning or
3. Y que me dice usted de la peste? (And What Can You Tell Me of Plague?) learning goals, but experiences.
 experiences, and/or the connection is vague
future goals. and/or unclear.
TOTAL 12 pts.

of Lipa. This was the "Himno Al Trabajo" (Hymn to Labor). He finished it and sent it to
Lipa before his departure from Calamba. It runs as follows:
HYMN TO LABOR
CHORUS:
For our country in war.
For our country in peace
The Filipino will be ready,
While he lives and when he dies.
MEN:
As soon as the East is tinted with light
Forth to the fields to plow the loam!
Since it is work that sustains the man,
The motherland, family and the home.
Hard though the soil may prove to be,
Implacable the sun above,
For motherland, our wives and babes,
'Twill be easy with our love.
WIVES:
Courageously set out to work.
Your home is safe with a faithful wife:
Implanting in her children, love
For wisdom, land, and virtuous Life:
When nightfall brings us to our rest,
May smiling fortune guard our door;
But if cruel fate should harm her man,
The wife would toil on as before.
GIRLS:
Hail! Hail! Give praise to work!
The country's vigour and her wealth;
work lift up your brow serene
It is your blood, your life, your health
If any youth protests his love
His work shall prove if he be good.
That man alone who strives and toils
Can find the way to feed his brood.
 5. Cree usted que de veras no hay purgatorio? (Do You Think There Is Really No Later, when Rizal learned of the brilliant defense of Father Garcia of his novel, he
Purgatory?). cried because his gratitude was overwhelming. Rizal, himself defended his novel against
6. Hayo no hay infierno? (Is There or Is There No Hell?). Barrantes attack, in a letter written in Brussels, Belgium, in February,1880. In this letter, he
7. Que le parece a usted de esos libelos? (What Do You Think of These Libels?). exposed Barrantes' ignorance of Philippine affairs and mental dishonesty which is
8. Confesion o condenacion? (Confession or Damnation?). unworthy of an academician. Barrantes met in Rizal his master in satire and polemics.
Copies of these anti-Rizal pamphlets written by Fray Rodriguez were sold daily in During the days when the Noli was the target of a heated controversy between the
the churches after Mass: Many Filipinos were forced to buy them in order not to displease friars (and their minions) and the friends of Rizal, all copies of it were sold out and the
the friars, but they did not believe what their author said with hysterical fervor. price per copy soared to unprecedented level. Both friends and enemies of the Noli found it
extremely difficult to secure a copy. According to Rizal, in a letter to Fernando Canon from
Repercussions of the storm over the Noli reached Spain. It was fiercely attacked on
Geneva, June 13, 1887, the price he set per copy was five pesetas (equivalent to one peso),
the session hall of the Senate of the Spanish Cortes by various senators, particularly
but the price later rose to fifty pesos per copy.
General Jose de Salamanca on April 1, 1888, General Luis M. de Pando on April 12, and
Sr. Fernando Vida on June 11. The Spanish academician of Madrid, Vicente Barrantes, Rizal and Taviel de Andrade. While the storm over the Noli was raging in fury,
who, formerly occupied high government positions in the Philippines, bitterly criticized the Rizal was not molested in Calamba. This is due to Governor General Terrero's generosity in
Noli in an article published in La España Moderna (a newspaper of Madrid) in January, assigning a bodyguard to him. Between this Spanish bodyguard, Lt. Jose Taviel de
1890. Andrade, and Rizal, a beautiful friendship bloomed. Together, Rizal and Andrade, both
young, educated and cultured, made walking tours of the verdant countrysides, discussed
Defenders of the Noli. The much-maligned Noli had its gallant defenders who
topics of common interest, and enjoyed fencing, shooting, hunting and painting. Lt.
fearlessly came out to prove the merits of the novel or to refute the arguments of the unkind
Andrade became a great admirer of the man he was ordered to watch and protect. Years
attackers. Marcelo H. del Pilar Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Mariano
later, he wrote of Rizal: “Rizal was refined, educated and gentlemanly. The hobbies that
Ponce, and other Filipino reformists in foreign lands, of course, rushed to uphold the truths
most interested him were hunting, fencing, shooting, painting, and hiking. I well remember
of the Noli. Father Sanchez, Rizal's favorite teacher at the Ateneo, defended and praised it
our excursion to Mount Makiling, not so much for the beautiful view as for the rumors and
in public. Don Segismundo Moret, former Minister of the Crown; Dr. Miguel Morayta,
pernicious effects that result from it. There was one who believed and reported to Manila
historian and statesman; and Professor Blumentritt, scholar and educator, read and liked the
that Rizal and I, at the top of the mountain, hoisted the German flag and proclaimed its
novel.
sovereignty over the Philippines. I imagined that such nonsense emanated from the 'friars
A brilliant defense of the Noli came from an unexpected source. It was by Rev. of Calamba, but did not take the trouble to make inquiries about the matter".
Vicente Garcia, a Filipino Catholic priest-scholar, a theologian of the Manila Cathedral,
What marred Rizal's happy days in Calamba with Lt. Andrade were (1) the death of
and a Tagalog translator of the famous Imitation of Christ by Thomas & Kempis. Father
his older sister, Olimpia, and (2) the groundless tales circulated by his enemies that he was
Garcia, writing under the penname Justo Desiderio Magalang, wrote a defense of the Noli
a German spy, an agent of Bismarck, a Protestant Mason, a witch, a soul beyond salvation,
which was published in Singapore as an appendix to a pamphlet dated July 18, 1888. He
etc."
blasted the arguments of Fr. Rodriguez as follows:
Calamba's Agrarian Trouble. Governor General Terrero, influenced by certain
1. Rizal cannot be an "ignorant man", as Fr. Rodriguez alleged, because he was a
facts in Noli Me Tangere, ordered a government investigation of the friar estates to remedy
graduate of Spanish universities and was a recipient of scholastic honors.
whatever iniquities might have been present in connection with land taxes and with tenant
2. Rizal does not attack the Church and Spain, as Fr. Rodriguez claimed, because
relations. One of the friar estates affected was the Calamba Hacienda which the Dominican
what Rizal attacked in the Noli were the bad Spanish officials and not Spain, and
Order owned since 1883. In compliance with the governor general's orders, dated
the bad and corrupt friars and not the Church.
December 30, 1887, the Civil Governor of Laguna Province directed the municipal
3. Father Rodriguez said that those who read the Noli commit a mortal sin; since he
authorities of Calamba to investigate the agrarian conditions of their locality.
(Rodriguez) had read the novel, therefore he also commits a mortal sin
 Upon hearing of the investigation, the Calamba folks solicited Rizal's help in A Poem for Lipa. Shortly before Rizal left Calamba in 1888 his friend from Lipa
gathering the facts and listing their grievances against the hacienda management, so that the requested him to write a poem in commemoration of the town's elevation to a villa (city) by
central government might institute certain agrarian reforms. virtue of the Becerra Law of 1888. Gladly, he wrote a poem dedicated to the industrious
folks
After a thorough study of the conditions in Calamba, Rizal wrote down his findings
which the tenants and three of the officials of the hacienda signed on January 8, 1888.
These findings, which were formally submitted to the government for action, were the
following:
1. The hacienda of the Dominican Order comprised not only the lands around
Calamba, but also the town of Calamba
2. The profits of the Dominican Order continually increased because of the
arbitrary increase of the rentals paid by the tenants.
3. The hacienda owner never contributed a single centavo for the celebration of the
town fiesta, for the education of the children, and for the improvement of
agriculture.
4. Tenants who had spent much labor in clearing the lands were dispossessed of
said lands for flimsy reasons.
5. High rates of interest were charged the tenants for delayed payment of rentals,
and when the rentals could not be paid, the hacienda management confiscated their
carabaos, tools, and homes.
Farewell to Calamba. Rizal's exposure of the deplorable conditions of tenancy in
Calamba infuriated further his enemies. The friars exerted pressure on Malacañan Palace
to eliminate him. They asked Goveror General Terrero to deport him, but the latter refused
because there was no valid charge against Rizal in court. Anonymous threats against Rizal's
life were received by his parents. The alarmed parents, relatives and friends (including Lt.
Taviel de Andrade) advised him to go away, for his life was in danger.
One day Governor General Terrero summoned Rizal and "advised" him to leave
the Philippines for his own good. He was giving Rizal a chance to escape the fury of the
friars' wrath.
This time Rizal had to go. He could not very well disobey the governor general's
veiled orders. But he was not running like a coward from a fight. He was courageous, a fact
which his worst enemies could not deny. A valiant hero that he was, he was not afraid of
any man and neither was he afraid to die. He was compelled to leave Calamba for two
reasons: (1) his presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the safety and happiness of his
family and friends and (2) he could fight better his enemies and serve his country's cause
with greater efficacy by writing in foreign countries.