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 Blocklime is a Malaysian development & training
company specialized in blockchain and distributed
ledger technology (DLT). Blocklime believes in
empowering people with technology and build
solutions that bring a positive value & impact to the
society. Thus, we decided to become thought leaders
of a different viewpoint & dedicate ourselves to solve
the problems faced by the industry in hope to bring
Re-engineering Trust the DLT technology to the masses. Blocklime is
dedicated towards solving the talent shortage problem
but also is involved in resolving regulation unclarity
issues, encouraging enterprise adoption, building DLT
standardization and spreading awareness which aligns
with the company vision.

*Private & Confidential

Copyright @ 2018 by Blocklime
Our Founders

CEO and Co-founder of Blocklime, Armed with his natural inquisitiveness, Harpreet gained
diverse experience in software development, information technology, blockchain & distributed
ledger technology (DLT) development. He started coding at the age 14 & exploring Blockchain
at the age of 19. Eventually, his curiosity and effort led him to become a Blockchain Developer.
Harpreet envisions a future where DLT is integrated into everyone's daily lives, and he firmly
believes that DLT's applicability can be extended beyond financial and asset management.
With this vision, he founded Blocklime, a Malaysian-based development & training company,
specialising in Blockchain and DLTs. He is also a thought leader focusing on solving problems
with DLTs and exploring its potential applications in fintech, insurtech, and regtech. He believes
that it is crucial to building talents and communities by conducting blockchain & DLT training
held by Blocklime Academy. He envisions that the potential and impact of DLT technologies will
be great for the betterment of society and acts as an enabler to pave access to the adoption of
DLT technologies. Along with his journey, he gained a position in the ISO Committee as a
Harpreet Singh Maan National committee member on ISO standards for " Blockchain & Electronic Distributed Ledger
Technologies". He is the Malaysian Ambassador for Hedera Hashgraph and Hyperledger. He is
CEO & Founder
also a member of MDEC Digital Expert Panel to assist on DLT adoption in education & industry.
He is also a well-known speaker & trainer on DLT & Blockchain development and advises
enterprises & governments on DLT adoption strategies.

Copyright @ 2018 by Blocklime

*Private & Confidential
1 Development 2 Consultancy 3 Training & Capacity
Building

Copyright @ 2018 by Blocklime

*Private & Confidential
Meet our team

Harpreet Singh Adly Abdullah Edmund Tay Tommy Ang Matteo

CEO & Co-Founder CTO & Co-Founder Blockchain Developer Blockchain Developer Front-End Developer

Beryl Lai Zyan Chan Trish Kelly Mohammed Abed Hafsa

Brand Lead Creative Designer Head of UI/ UX Business Development HR Executive
Manager

Copyright @ 2018 by Blocklime

Blocklime Academy

*Private & Confidential

2018 Bootcamp & Dappathon

*Private & Confidential

2018 Event Partners

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@ 2018& by Blocklime
Confidential
Our Development Expertise

Copyright @ 2018 by Blocklime

*Private & Confidential
Our Partners

Copyright @ 2018 by Blocklime

*Private & Confidential
We are the
member of

Community
Supporter

Security Token Standards

Copyright @ 2018 by Blocklime

*Private & Confidential
Let’s get started
Started
Let’s talk about Ledgers?
The Evolution of Ledgers
DLT: Types of Computer Systems ?
Distributed Networking?

● Distributed networking is a distributed computing network system, said to be distributed

when the computer programming, the software, and the data to be worked on are spread out
across more than one computer, but they communicate, or are dependant upon each other.
Usually, this is implemented over a computer network.

- Wikipedia
How to have digital data that
is tamper- resistance ?
Deep dive into
Blockchain
DEEP DIVE INTO BLOCKCHAIN

It’s another data structure

- Me
Why Do We Need Data Structure?

Disorder Storage Ordered Storage

What is a Blockchain ?

Block 0 Block 1 Block 2

Block Hash Blocks Hash Blocks Hash

Block Data Block Data Block Data

Previous Block Hash Previous Block Hash Previous Block Hash

 DEEP DIVE INTO BLOCKCHAIN
1

Hash Function
• It is a mathematical algorithm that maps data of arbitrary size to a bit
string of a fixed size (a hash) and is designed to be a one-way function,
that is, a function which is infeasible to invert. The only way to recreate
the input data from an ideal cryptographic hash function output is to
attempt a brute-force search of possible inputs to see if they produce a
match, or use a rainbow table of matched hashes.
 DEEP DIVE INTO BLOCKCHAIN
1

SHA-256
Secure Hash Algorithm 2 (SHA) is a set of hash functions designed by NSA

• SHA-256 :
• 32-bit words

• Operations : And, Xor, Rot, Add (mod 232), Or, Shr

• Output Size : 256 bits

What is a Blockchain Protocol?

Distributed System P2P Network

Protocol Protocol
(Consensus + governance rules + Fault
tolerance and other logics)
Blockchain Data
Structure
 Node 2 Node 4

Node 6
Node 1

Node 3 Node 5
How to manage User
Accounts on a Distributed
Ledger System ?
 DEEP DIVE INTO BLOCKCHAIN
1

Cryptography
• Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for secure
communication in the presence of third parties called adversaries.
More generally, cryptography is about constructing and analyzing
protocols that prevent third parties or the public from reading private
messages
What is public key, private key and address?

Private Key
Generated from large random numbers

Public Key
Generated from private key

Address
Generated from public key
How to make sure i have the
right data on my Distributed
Ledger System ?
Consensus
What is Consensus?
● A consensus algorithm is a process in computer science used
to achieve agreement on a single data value among
distributed processes or systems. Consensus algorithms are
designed to achieve reliability in a network involving multiple
unreliable nodes. Solving that issue known as the consensus
problem is important in distributed computing, blockchain
and multi-agent systems.
Proof-of-work (PoW)
● A proof-of-work (PoW) system (or protocol, or function) is
an economic measure to deter denial of service attacks
and other service abuses such as spam on a network by
requiring some work from the service requester, usually
meaning processing time by a computer.
Proof of Work (PoW)

The amount of work done by a particular miner

determines the possibility of mining a single block
and the reward of getting a coin.

The miner get lesser Bitcoin overtime. Such

smaller incentives ensure less chance of the
51% attack.

The community-bond of the miners of PoW is

extremely strong. Thus the possibility of the
community to become more centralized
increases with time.
 Proof of Stake (PoS)

The mining capability of a particular

miner depends on how many coins or
cryptocurrencythe miner already have.

The 50% attack is ridiculously expensive

in the Proof of Stake (PoS) method.

The community-bond of the stakeholders

of PoS is not that strong. PoS community is
more decentralized.
Types of DELEGATED BYZANTINE
FAULT TOLERANCE (DBFT)
Focuses on gamified way of a block
PROOF OF BURN (PoB)
Users send the coins back into their
wallet that they can’t recover from will
Consensus Algorithms verification among the pro node
controllers.
get rewards based on the amount.

PROOF OF STORAGE (POST)

PROOF OF STAKE (PoS) PROOF OF WEIGHT
Proofs of storage are cryptographic (PoWeight)
The user is encouraged to spend
protocols that allow a client to
more until she is qualified enough to Similar to PoS but it depends on
efficiently verify the integrity of
become a validator to create a block. various other factors called Weights.
remotely stored data.

DELEGATED PROOF OF
PROOF OF ACTIVITY (PoA) PRACTICAL BYZANTINE
STAKE (DPoS)
FAULT TOLERANCE (PBFT)
Similar to PoS but users with more Uses both PoS and PoW to ensure
Byzantine used a particular sequence
coins will get to vote and select the reward points are on time.
to keep rouge users at bay.
Witnesses.

LEASED PROOF OF STAKE

(LPoS) PROOF OF IMPORTANCE (PoI) SIMPLIFIED BYZANTINE
Users that sends and receives FAULT TOLERANCE (SBFT)
Users will be able to make special or
transactions frequently will get Single Validator can bundle proposed
customized tokens and use it on their
paid for that. transaction and create new block.
farms for better security.

PROOF OF ELAPSED TIME PROOF OF CAPACITY (PoC) PROOF OF WORK (PoW)

(PoET) You can utilize the capacity or When user makes a transaction, Miners
Similar to PoW but it focuses more storage space of user’s hard drive or Supercomputers try to solve a
on consumptions. using the protocol. problem to verify the transaction.
Types of Blockchain Network
● Public Blockchain Network
○ Bitcoin, Ethereum, Cardano & etc

● Private Blockchain Network

○ Monax, Multichain, Hyperledger

● Consortium Blockchain Network

○ Corda, R3 (banks), B3i (insurance), EWF (energy)
 Different Types of
Distributed Ledger Technologies
There are lots of types in DLT and if you don’t have any idea what are they, it might
be a difficult for you to pick the right one for your Enterprise.

PERMISSION-LEVEL CLASSIFICATION

Description Characteristics Why?

In Permissioned type of DLT Decentralization varies from network to Suited for organizations
Network, every node on the network network Low transaction rates
can’t participate in the consensus Some nodes have more authority Not required to have native asset
process. Only predetermined nodes can Relatively faster
participate. Trusted environment
Permissioned

In Permissionless type of DLT Usually Decentralized More power for the nodes.
network, every node on the network can Trust-free environment Open privacy level for everyone
freely participate in the consensus Relatively slower Free participation in voting or consensus
process. There aren’t any restrictions on
the participation.
Permissionless
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION

Description Characteristics Why?

In Private DLT, a single organization will Read / Write access varies from node to node Preserves privacy
have authority over who can join and to Faster Output Power efficient compared to Public Blockchain
access the network. Think it as a Able to use any type of asset on the network Less volatile Network
centralized-decentralized network. Doesn’t offer anonymity Organizational empowerment
Cheaper integration fee
Private

In Public DLT, anyone is allowed to join Everyone has access to the network Greater transparency
and participate in the network. Able to download and add in new nodes True decentralized structure
Everyone is allowed to see the ledger Fully decentralized in nature Uses empowerment
and participate in consensus. Slower output Immutability
Offers anonymity
Public

In Federated DLT, multiple Extremely fast output Able to save a lot of costs
organizations influenced the blockchain Highly scalable Offers lower transaction feed
network. It is similar to a hub for vast Energy efficient Network regulations
number of organizations to share and Distributed authority No criminal access
work concurrently.
Federated
● What is the Network
○ It’s a DLT running on a P2P network
● Data Structure
○ Blockchain
● General Network Classification
○ Public
● Permission Level Classification
○ Permissionless
What is
Bitcoin ?
● Network Consensus
○ POW (Proof of Work)
● Cryptocurrencies
○ Yes
● Account Management
○ Asymmetric Cryptography (public/private key)
● Hashing Method (Storage)
○ SHA 256
 Comparison of
Enterprise Blockchain Platforms

Ledger Type Permissioned Permissioned Permissionless Permissioned Permissioned

JP Morgan & Ethereum
Governance Linux Foundation Ethereum Developers Ripple Labs R3 Consortium
Developers
Industry-focus Cross-Industry Cross-Industry Cross-Industry Financial -Industry Financial -Industry

Throughput > 2000 tps ≥ 100 tps ~ 20 tps ~ 1500 tps ~ 170 tps

Cryptocurrency None None Ether (ETH) Ripple (XRP) None

Consensus Probabilistic Voting
Pluggable Mechanism Voting Protocol Proof of Work Pluggable Mechanism
Mechanism Protocol
Smart Contract Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Smart Contract
Node JS / Golang / Java Solidity Solidity - Java / Kotlin
Language
Application Suited for Suited for
Wide-ranging Wide-ranging Wide-ranging
Financial Application Financial Application
Type
Blockchain technology architecture
Decentralised Applications (Dapp)

Oracle / Data feeders

Communication protocols

Smart Contracts

Virtual Machine / Stack Machine

Core Ledger protocols

Blockchain Network Protocol

Blockchain Data Structure

The Blockchain Protocol

Note: The architecture will be different in every protocol
 A smart contract is a computer protocol intended to

What are digitally facilitate, verify, or enforce the negotiation or

performance of a contract. Smart contracts allow the
smart performance of credible transactions without third
parties. These transactions are trackable and
contracts? irreversible. Smart contracts were first proposed by
Nick Szabo in 1994.
 DEEP DIVE INTO BLOCKCHAIN
1

For smart contracts, oracles are a middleware product in

which data outside of the blockchain (such as real world

What is a data from weather to stocks) is connected to it. That data

is then used for conditions of smart contracts. Ethereum

Oracles? is self-contained, so oracles would allow smart contracts

to branch out into real world applications by bringing the
data to it.

An example of this would be sports betting, where a

smart contract would be resolved by receiving the scores
of a sporting event.
 DAPP?

What is DAPP ?
 DAPP?
2
• DApp is an abbreviated form for decentralized
application.
What is • A DApp has its backend code running on a
decentralized peer-to-peer network. Contrast
DAPP? this with an app where the backend code is
running on centralized servers.
• A DApp can have frontend code and user
interfaces written in any language (just like an
app) that can make calls to its backend.
• Furthermore, its frontend can be hosted on
decentralized storage such as Swarm or IPFS.
 DAPP?
2

Blockchains

Ethereum Lisk Neblio Neo Nem Qtum Stratis Cardano EOS

& Many
More
District 0x Ethereum Aeternity
Classic
 DAPP?
2

& Many
More
 DAPP?
2

Dapp in Ethereum
 DAPP?
2

Dapp in Ethereum
 3
- What is Ethereum?
- What is Ether?

Ethereum
- What are the ether units?
- What is DAO?
- The ethereum development ecosystem

Fundamentals - What is Mist and How it works?

- What is Metamask?
- What is Remix?
- What is an account, a Faucet?
 ETHEREUM FUNDAMENTALS
3

• Ethereum is an open software platform

What is based on blockchain technology that
Ethereum? enables developers to build and deploy
decentralized applications (DAPPS).
• Ethereum is a blockchain network with
Smart contracts :P
 ETHEREUM FUNDAMENTALS
3
• Ether is a necessary element — a fuel — for
operating the distributed application platform
What is Ethereum.

Ether? • It is a form of payment made by the clients of the

platform to the machines executing the requested
operations.
• To put it another way, ether is the incentive
ensuring that developers write quality
applications (wasteful code costs more), and that
the network remains healthy (people are
compensated for their contributed resources).
 ETHEREUM FUNDAMENTALS
3

What are
Ether Units?
 ETHEREUM FUNDAMENTALS
3

What is Gas? Every operation that can be performed by a

transaction or contract on the Ethereum platform
costs a certain number of gas, with operations that
require more computational resources costing more
gas than operations that require few computational
resources.
 ETHEREUM FUNDAMENTALS
3

A decentralized autonomous organization

(DAO), sometimes labeled a decentralized
What is a autonomous corporation (DAC), is an
organization that is run through rules
DAO? encoded as computer programs called smart
contracts. A DAO's financial transaction
record and program rules are maintained on
a blockchain.
 ETHEREUM FUNDAMENTALS
3
• Hot wallets
• Luno, Binance, CoinHako and others...
• Cold wallets
What are • Desktop wallet
Wallets? • Mobile Wallet,
• Hardware wallets - Ledger, Trezor and
others
• Brain wallets
• Paper wallets
 ETHEREUM FUNDAMENTALS
3
• Full-node wallet
• Mist, Bitcoin wallet, Litecoin wallet
and others
Wallets (ext) • Partial node wallet or Light node wallet
• Parity, Mist and others
• API wallet
• Metamask,Jaxx, Exodus and others
 ETHEREUM FUNDAMENTALS
3
What does the Ethereum client software do? You can
use it to:
• Connect to the Ethereum network
• Explore Ethereum’s blockchain
What is • Create new transactions and smart contracts
• Run smart contracts

Ethereum • Mine for new blocks

Your computer becomes a ‘node’ on the network,
running an Ethereum Virtual Machine, and behaves
Client? equivalently to all the other nodes. Remember in a
peer-to-peer network there is no ‘master’ server and
any computer has equivalent powers or status to any
other. Example : GETH or Parity
 ETHEREUM FUNDAMENTALS
3

What is Ethereum Virtual Machine?

The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is a simple but powerful, Turing complete 256 bit Virtual
Machine that allows anyone to execute arbitrary EVM Bytecode. The EVM is part of the Ethereum
Protocol and plays a crucial role in the consensus engine of the Ethereum system. It allows anyone to
execute arbitrary code in a trust-less environment in which the outcome of an execution can be
guaranteed and is fully deterministic.
Executing code within the Ethereum network takes time, and execution is generally pretty slow
compared to other VMs. For every instruction, there’s a cost associated, and an internal counter keeps
track of the total cost, which is charged to the user. When a user initiates an execution through a
transaction, they reserve some cash, which is the maximum amount they’re willing to pay.
 • Clients
ETHEREUM FUNDAMENTALS
3 • GETH & Parity (CPP-Eth/Pyethapp/
• Solidity IDE
• Remix(Ethereum browser), ETHfiddle,
Atom(solc compiler geth) and others.
Development • Explorers
• Etherscan,Etherchain, Ethplorer and others
Ecosystem • Dev Wallets
• Metamask, Mist, MyEtherwallet and others
• Tools
• Truffle Suite
■ Ganache
■ Drizzle
• Open Zeppelin
■ ZeppelinOS
● ZepKit
 ETHEREUM FUNDAMENTALS
3

• Ethereum Test Networks

• Rinkeby

Development • Ropsten
• Kovan

Ecosystem • Morden - decommissioned

• Local Testnet
 ETHEREUM FUNDAMENTALS
3
● Mutan, a Golang-like language. It was deprecated
in march 2015.
● LLL, a Lisp-like language. Still supported in core

Smart but hardly used.

● Serpent, a Python-like language Read the docs.
However, it is no longer recommended to use.
Contract ● Solidity is very successful so far, other
non-Ethereum projects also use it, Counterparty
Languages for instance.
● Vyper - alpha stage
 ETHEREUM FUNDAMENTALS
3

• Casper Protocol
• Plasma Protocol
What's • Sharding

coming up • Raiden network

• Spank chain - side chain
next on • Loom network
• Constantinople
Ethereum
 ETHEREUM FUNDAMENTALS
3

• Mnemonic phrases
Ethereum & • Whisper - p2p messaging protocol
• Swarm - p2p data storage protocol
Blockchain • RPC - Remote Procedure Call

ecosystem • FORK - (hard or Soft)

• ERC - Ethereum request for Comments
Standards
Jargons • EIP - Ethereum Improvement Proposals
 Use Cases Challenges
of Blockchain

GLOBAL TRANSACTIONS HEALTHCARE

Faster processing of cross-border payment Faster processing of cross-border payment
Reducing costing Reducing costing
Greater efficiency in transaction Greater efficiency in transaction

TRADING OIL AND GAS

Improved transparency and trust for trade finance Secured freight payment and auditing
More control for manufacturers Improves efficiency by calculating shipment routes
Reduced paperwork and cost Saves 5% revenue with accuracy

FOOD SAFETY REAL ESTATE

Accountability for food safety Reduces costing of property
Reduce food wastage Promotes fractional ownership
Gets rid of food fraudulence Increases scalability
SUPPLY CHAIN HUMANITARIANISM
Secured ledger system with visibility for the supply chain Ensures the donation goes to the right place
Tracks all products Offers transparency for the donating citizens
Quickly detects corrupted personal with acute info Promoted fairness and trust

RETAIL MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT

Helps to fight counterfeit products Beter artist value
Keeps track of all luxury goods Connects artist with a better paycheck
Deals with theft issues Efficient marketing on social media

GOVERNMENTAL SERVICES TRAVEL

Secure way to preserve al citizen rights Streamline passenger processing
Offers exponential growth of the economy Promotes cross border identification
Digitizing citizen identification Schedules flights with greater accuracy

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INSURANCE

Ensures trademarking and patenting intellectual property Reduces number of paper trails
Offers payment for patented work Faster insurance claims
Reduced intellectual property abuse Stops exploiting consumers
 Implementation
Challenges of Blockchain

INTEROPERABILITY LEGACY NETWORKS SKILLSET

The current enterprise blockchain Transforming all legacy networks with There isn’t an adequate workforce
technologies lack the ever needed blockchain may require a lot of time with skillset to develop new
interoperability between all networks. and money. enterprise- grade technology.

METHODOLOGY MASS ADOPTION COST CHALLENGES

Lack of proper methodology makes Mass adoption isn’t possible in reality Transforming the whole legacy
newer innovations full of flaws. yet as the network deals with slower network ecosystem may require
output. more budget.
Q&A
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