/ini: TAac CCCLXXVIII Cpncne UKadeMuje Hayxa u yMeTHOciu, n?.

I - - i Vt. Jb- MaKCHMOBMh

48 Ode/bethc ucropujcKiix uayna, KH,. 9 — 1996.
Glas CCCLXXVIII de VAcademie serbe des sciences et des arts,
in the West against the Turks. A t the time of the Battle of M a r i c a , he Classe des sciences historiques, JVs 9 — 1996
was located i n the West, a t t h e e n d of his ultimately unsuccessful at-
t e m p t to p u t h i s p l a n s into effect through direct contact with the Latins.
During the Emperor's absence, his son Andronikos h a d control of the
capital, and his other son Manuel h a d control of Thessalonica. Andro-
nikos' turned a deaf e a r to U g l j e s a ' s appeal for help against the T u r k s ,
and to h i s father's c r y to b e liberated from Venice. Manuel saved his
father, a n d took advantage of t h e S e r b i a n d e f e a t o n t h e M a r i c a to e x p a n d
his land to the S e r r e s , U g l j e s a ' s recent capital. T h i s ambivalence in the
Byzantine policy increased at the time of Andronikos' coup d'etats in
1373 and 1376—1379. T h e Turks, as h i s protectors and the periodical
protectors of the legitimate ruler, became openly involved in Byzantine C M M A M. 'HMPKOBM'R
affairs, w h i c h w a s all the easier since the E m p e r o r w a s forced to fulfil
his vassal obligations towards the E m i r , Murad. The Emperor completely
lost h i s reputation, a n d the p r e s u m e d help from the West was more dis- K O C O B C K A B M T K A Y M E T 7 ) y H A P 0 f l H 0 M K O H T E K C T Y
tant than ever before. T h e T u r k s took Gallipoli once again and moved
their capital to A d r i a n o u p o l i s (Edirne). T h e only possible bastion of r e -
sistance — Manuel's reign i n Thessalonica — was disparaged by his ap-
HaKO HHCMO saAOBOJbHn OHHM m T o 3 H a M o , H n a K He 5 h c m o cmcjih
pointment as h e i r to t h e t h r o n e and his removal to Constantinople at
aa TBpaHMo Aa y HcrpajKHBaHiy cpncKe npomjiocTH HHJe 6 h j i o HHiepe-
the beginning of this period. The so-called Tenedos War (1379—1381)
coBaH>a 3 a o k o j h i o c t h y KoJHMa j e aoihjio a o 6HTKe n a K o c o s y , a a mc-
denoted the darkest hour and Emperor John V was even forced to a c -
byHapoAHc OAHOce h AHHJioAiaTCKe aanjicTC, kojh cy joj npexxoAHJra.
knowledge his eternally rebellious son Andronikos as h i s heir. Disappoin-
Seh KOA J o B a e a Pajnha, y iii>bom onuinpHOM h nayHHO yreMejbeHOM
ted Manuel practically deserted a n d re-established h i s authority i n T h e s -
npHKaay Kocobckc 6 H T K e , H3Jio:H<eHo je KaaHBaae KacHHX TypcKHx h3-
salonica. Parts of t h e B y z a n t i n e Empire (Thessalonica, Epiros) acknow-
Bopa, KOJe j e Pajnh noanaBao aaxBajbyjyhn JiaraHCKHM npcBOAHMa, o
ledged h i m as their r u l e r a n d he, independent of Constantinople, waged
TOMC KaKO ce Mypar cnpcMao npoxHB nenocJiyuiHHx saaana. Oh HMa
his o w n w a r against t h e T u r k s . I t w a s only w i t h h i s forced evacuation of
noceSHO norjiaBjte „ 0 B c r y n j i e H H J H T y p K O B b C e p 6 j i H J y " . ' <I>paH>o Pa^KH
the battlefield i n 1387 that the w a r reached an end, and Murad finally
j e y OBOJoj H y B e n o j 6eceAH-cTyAHJH o K o c o b c k o m 6 o j y ..yapoKC h nocne-
had an unobstructed p a t h for h i s great expedition against Serbia.
AHue" CTaBHo y noAnacjioB K a o 6HTHe xa^Ke nporpaMa cbojhx Hcxpa-
»HBaH>a H CBOJCKH c e xpyAHO Aa peKOHCTpyrane onjiex hojihthmkhx
oAHOca y AeHCHnjaMa KOJe n p e x x o A C cyAapy Ha Kocosy.^ H PyBapau,
KOBaMCBHh H K a C H H J H HHCLfH KOJH C y CC 6 a B H J I H K o C O B C K O M 6hXKOm'
HanpeaajiH c y c e MaH>e h j i h Bmue oko „HHxepHaHHOHajiHe" hjih Mcfey-
apyKaBne noaaAHHC, ajiii c e , H n a K , He 5 h c m c j i o t b p a h x h Aa naM j e ona
DacBcxxbCHa h Aa cmo y cxaifcy Aa HaABOJHMO, hjih Aa HaBCASMO cbc
cneuHcjjHMHe mothbc h paajiore kojh 5h 5jiH>Ke o6jacHHjiH aaurro je
ao BejiHKor c y K o 6 a aoiujio 6 a m y paxnoj ceaoHH 1389. h oxicyAa xo Aa

' J . P a j H h , McTopuR pasHbix-b CAaeencKux-b napodoa-b Haunane EoAiap, Xop-

eoTOB-b u Cep6oB [...] I l l , B e n 1794, 25—38, o caMOj 6Mmi: 3 8 — 7 2 . Y n . cafla m: A .
BecenMHOBJili, KOCOBCKU 6uTKa y McTopuju Joaana Pajuha, K o c o a c K a Smtkb y mc-
TopMorpa<t)MJM, 36opHMK paflosa McropMJCKor MHCWiTyTa 11, Beorpafl 1990, 59—69.
' C. R a C k i , Boj na Kosovu. Uzroci i posljedice, H a d J A Z U 97 (1989) 1—68;
npeiuTaMnaHO y : Eoj na KocoBy — crapuja u noBuja caanatba, p e s . P. MnxajbHwh,
Beorpafl 1992, 361—426. Y n . m C . "RMpKOBMh, Eeceda t>paihe PaHKOi cro zoduna
KacHuje, K o c o B C K a 6HTKa y iiCTopMorpa(t)iiJM, 71—76.
^ M. P y s a p a i ; , O mesy JIaaapy, npemxaMnaHo n a „CTpa»auioBa", Hobm Cafl
1887, 1—425; npeiuTaMnaHO y : Eoj na Kocoay — crapuja u HOBUja casnatha, 1 7 —
—287. Jb. KoBaneBMh, Byn EpauKoauh (1372—1398), roflHUiftima Hmkojib H y n i A a
10 (1888) 215—301; npeiuTaMnaHO y : Eoj na Kocoey — crapuja UHOBUjacasHaTha, 291—
—352 (Ha CTp. 353—357 flonyne P. MMxajbHMha o hobmjmm MCTpajKMBaftHMa). IloflaTKe
0 KacHMjoj j r a r e p a T y p j i n p y x a j y flsa sGopHJiKa paflOBa mrrMpana y npeTXOflHMM
HanoMenaMa.
• .p
 y-^-mrK».Vi i'. a«\ > s\ir,»iiiv.i; a:.- ,-.qO k-\'-'T C . M. "RjipKOBiih KocoBCKa Smtkh y Me^ynapoAHOM KOHreKcry
50 51

re. H a K o c o s y HOJBy n a b y 6am one aapahene cxpane o KOJHMa noHemTO K o c o B C K a 6HXKa j e npcAMex aobojbho bgjihk h iipKBJia^aH A a aa-
H3 H 3 B O p a 3HaMO. cjiy»<yje xcMejBHXo n p o y M a B a i t e , n o c M a x p a i b e c a c B H M n a S j i n a a y a n p n -
Hajseha xcHiKoha h npenpcKa y nanopHMa Aa ce HOxnyHHJe a MOHy CBHX p a c n o j i o ^ H B H X H H C T p y M C H a x a aHa.iiHae. ^ h h h j i o m h c e A a
npeHH3HHJe yraosHajy „y3poHH" Kocobckc 6HXKe n a j i a s H ce y HSBopnoj nocjie c B e r a m x o j e o o h u h H a n n c a H o ne mo^kc 6 h t h KopncHO p a c n p e -
rpabn, jcahhom ocJioHny s a cbc name anajiHse h pesoHOBaaa o ohomc A a i t e c x a p H x h h o b h x y o n i n x e n H x o n n c a 36HBaH>a y Ay>KeM nepnoAy.
urro j e 6 h h h npexxoAHJio h cjicahjio. HaHMe, Bch y xoj HSBopnoj rpabn, C b c c h o c a M c e O A p e K a o n o c A i a x p a H i a h 3 AajBHHC h n a ^ H > y ycMcpno
MaK H y H.eiHHM HajcxapHJHM ACJioBHMa, Hajiase c e y o i m i x e n a h HeoApe- HCKJbyHHBo K a H3BopHMa Hacxa.xHM H c n o c p e A H o n p e n n n n o c j i e 6 H X K e ,
bena xapbefta, na KOJa ce ocjiaaajy HeaACKBaxHH HCTpa>KHBayKH oa- yaAajyhn ce y xo Aa h y Mobn, MaKap na h h a h p c k t h h x noAaxaKa pcKOH-
roBopH; yMCCTo kohkpcxhhx okojihocxh najiasHMO h HaBOAHMO omuxe cxpyHcaxH kojihko foa je Moryhe npeipiaHHJy n o j i H x m K y Kapxy, K o j a
paaoiore h jom ortmxHJe HeonxoAHe ycJioBC. MOiHce n o c J i y > K H X H K a o o c H O B a h a a n o y s A a H H J e x y M a n e i i e n a a o p a h a a
Y no3HaxoM nncMy Kpajta TspxKa I TpornpaHHivia oa 1. a B x y c x a a a K J t y H H B a i t e o OAHOCHMa AP>KaBa h B J i a A a p a y K p a x K O M HHxepsajiy
1389. Ka>Ke c e A a je xypcKH nap nox^iHHHo MHore okojihc seMJte h ao- n p e H nocJie 6HXKe.
mao AO „BamHx" (MO>KAa y x c K C x y H n a K cxoJH „HamHx") rpannua KaA UpBo Ha xoj K a p x H uMopaiio OMcbaxn xepHTopHJe ca Koje cy pe-
My c e KpaJB c y n p o x c x a B H O h kba r a j e no6eAHO.'' Cjihhho roBopn h ^a- rpyxoBaHH paxHHijH kojh he yMecxBosaxH y 6hhh na Kocosy. OAaBHo
H H J i o I I I y TIoeecHOM cjioey o K H e a y J I a s a p y H3Jia>KyhH K a K o j e AMopai je Hoanaxo Aa xo hhjc „cpncKo ^apcxBo" Kaico j e naMXHJia napoAna
ycxao H noBojcBao, yaeo cbc r p ^ K c 3eMJBe h noAJio>KHO h c M a j i o hcxom- xpaAHHHJa.' S a x B a j t y j y h H k p h t h ^ k h m Hcxpa>KHBaH,HMa oa PyBap^a, Ko-
H H x c x p a n a , K a o h M H o r e 3eMJBe K o j e n p H n a w a j y SanaAy, KaKO je mhoxc BancBHha h PaMKor ao nauiHix c a B p c M e H H K a anano A a xo h h j c 6Hiia hh
uapese h caMOApamte hoxmhhho h noKopno noA cBojy pyKy. Bho j e na,- jcABHcxBeHa cpncKa ApJKaaa Kojoj 6 h BjiaAap 6ho KHea JIaaap. E h j i c cy
racM nHcity HajiHK na AgieKcaHApa MaKCAOHCKor, h oh, xaKas ocBaja^, TO T P H c a M o c T a j i H c , HaiHopcAHe AP>KaBe K p a j t a T a p r K a 1, K n e a a J l a a a p a
vcxpcMHO ce Kao „cBHpenH J i a a " c bcjihkom chjiom h no6eAOiM na cpn- H B y K a BpaHKaanha, hhjh roonoAapn HHcy 6 h j i h jeAHaicH y p a n r y , h h t h
cKte 3eM!Jbe. 3 6 o r xora je KHe3 J I a s a p y c x a o Aa ce 6paHH.^ cy 6hjih y hckom rpaJHOM h mbpctom OAHOcy.*
norryjiapna e n c K a BHSHJa y Kojoj je KocoBCKa 6HXKa hcmkhoehh Ta xepHxopHja je 6HJia c.xo>KeHa, cacxaajbena oa jearpa HCKa-
cyiAap H3Meby OcMannHJa, kojh ce neaaAP^HBO ranpe, h Cp6a kojh cy AamH.e ApJKaae HcMaitHha, aaxHM oa „3eMJBe K p a j b a CTe^ana", nexAa-
npHCHjiCHH Aa 6 p a H e CBOJy s e M J t y , h h j c h j i o a K a c H H J H x pe30H0BaH>a h miie JtparyxHHoae o5jiacxH, Koja je npranaAaJia y r a p c K H M KpajbCBHMa
AOMHmji.aH>a. Ona HMa ynopHmxe y HajcxapHJHM cBeAO^ancxBHMa, y H 6HJia iipeAMex cnopa cpncKHx h y r a p c K H x BnajAapa y nojeAHHHM ne-
cxBaxaffiHMa caBpeMCHHKa obc 6HXKe.' pHOAjHMa, H OA Bocne y seoMa npomnpenoM o6HMy, xaKO Aa je nay-
HJeBOJta HHJe y x o m c m x o 6 h x a K B a s p c x a OAXOBopa n a nHxaHjC o aes crape scMJbe 6ocaHCKHx 6aHOBa o6yxBaxajia n xepnTopHJe nocxe-
TOMC KaKO je Aomjio ao Kocobckc 6HXKe 6Hwa Hexanna. Y spno rpy- neno OAy3HMaHe oa AP^Kaae HeMaH.Hha nonea oa 1326. roAHHe. Saxsa-
6hm noxesHMa, y3 bcjikko ca>icHMaibe ona penpoAyKyje rJiaBHH x o k ao- .ibyjyhn ynpaBo thm TepHTopnjaMa, Koje c y ce npocTHpajie oa Hepexse
rabaja. Cbojom HeoApebcHomby, McbyxHM, xaKaB oAxoBop He noMa>Ke AO B o K e K o x o p c K C , h c a o j o j reneajiomKoj bosh c HcMaiiHhHMa, TapxKo
Aa caanaMO h paayMCMo KaKO c y cxBapn xckjic. HaMcby xaHKor caAP- je Morao Aa ce 1377. K p y H H m e „cyry6HM a e n u e M " sa Kpajta „Cp5ji>eM,
iKaja xaKBHx oAxoBopa h name B C J i H K e aHaxH>Keji.e nocxoJH orpoMaH BocHH, rioMopjy H 3anaAHHM cxpanaM", mxo ra je aobcjio y xemite
jaa. Y KpyroBHMa cxpynH-aKa xo je Ao6po noanax npo6jieM, kojh ce Bese ca rocnoAapHMa xepHxopHJa nacxajiHx na pymeaHnaMa Ypomeaor
MO»ce n o p e A H X H c a n e j e A H a K H M paaMepaAia hjih h p h m c h o m pasHHX apcxa Hapcxaa h mxo ra je naBOAHJio A a oceaja h 5paHH 3eMJi.e c b o j h x npa-
HHCxpyMCHaxa y apyphm nay^HHM AHCUHHJiHHaMa. Ako yicejiHMO A a yno- poAHxejba „rocHOAe c p n c K e " , KaKO je nncao y cbojhm nosejbaMa.'
anaMo h c k h npcAMCx ao xan^HHa MopaMO r a nocMaxpaxH H36jmaa, ycMC- Kapxa OKO K o j e c e x p y A H M o M o p a HMaxH y B H A y h o c x a j i e xepnxo-
pHBimi na»:H.y npcMa cbhm nojcAHiiocxHMa, cjiy^ehn ce OAxoaapajy- pHJe J^ymaHOBor h YpomcBor i^apcxaa h npHKa3axH HjHxob nojio^aj
hHM HHCxpyMCHXHMa. IIpH XOMC cc, MaKap npHapeMCHO, ry6H norACA H3Meby OHHX K o J H c y p a x o a a A H na KocoBy, jep ce h c cmc aa6opaBjbaxH
Ha uejiHHy. Oimiie K o n x y p e c y c e c a c B H M Jieno BHACJie h h p h a h k o m ho-
CMaxpaita h3 AajbHHe.
PeajiHe norjiefle n a cyfl6iiHy q a p c r a a y speMe i?apa V p o m a K nocne H>eroBe
CMpTH MMajiH c y B e h yreMejbMBaHH KpMTMHKe uiKOJie y c p n c K o j MCTopHorpa(|3MJM.
OcMM paflOBa PyBapr(a h K o B a i e B M h a , HaBeACHMx y n a n . 3, SHanajaH j e AonpHHOc
* J . L u c i u s , D e regno Dalmatiae et Croatiae, A m s t e l o d a m i 1666, 257; G . F e j e r , C . HoBaKOBMha, Cp6u u Typuu XIV u XV eena. McropujcKe cryduje o npeuM 6op-
Codex diplomaticus regni Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac civilis X / 1 , B u d a e 1834, 5 6 6 — 6aMa c HajeadOM rypcKOM npe u nocjie doja na Kocoey, Beorpafl igeo-*, 154—274, rfle
— 5 6 7 ; Diplomatidki zbomik kraljevine Hrvatske, Dalmacije i Slavonije XVII, Zagreb cy noceSHO n p n K a a a n e „jyscHe c p n c K e flpacaBe" m „ceBepHe c p n c K e flpsKaBe". O h o -
1981, 212—213; npeBO« y : EUTKU na Kocoey 1389. lodune, Beorpafl 1989, 169. BMjoj jiHTepaxypM y n . P. MnxajbHuli, Kpaj CpncKoi Uapcrea, Beorpafl 1989^.
^ B . TiopoBMh, Cvjiyan u ffaniuio II, cpncKU nucuu XIV—XV eena, Tjiac C K A ' V n . C . "EMpKOBHh, Cpeuja yonu GUTKB na KacoBy, KocoBCKO-MeTOXMjcKH
136 (1929) 88—89. O CAOey y n . "B. TpM4)yH0BMh, CpncKU cpedthoeeKoeHU cnucu o 36opHHK 1 (1990) 3—20; mctm, Serbia on the Eve of the Battle of Kosovo, Kosovo.
KHeay JIasapy u KOCOBCKOM 6oiy, K p y m e B a i ; 1968, 40—77. L e g a c y of a M e d i e v a l B a t t l e , edd. W. S. V u c i n i c h — T h . A . E m m e r t , M i n n e s o t a M e -
' H a npBOM MecTy c y s e h i;MTHpaHa flBa n s B o p a y nperxoflHMM HanoMenaMa, d i t e r r a n e a n a n d E a s t E u r o p e a n M o n o g r a p h s 1, M i n n e a p o l i s 1991, p. 1—17.
a aaxMM u BehMHa flpyrwx Mseopa y KojiiMa ce cyflap cboam n a flse CTpane: J I a s a p a ' C . 'RjipKOBMh, McTopuja cpedtboeeKOBHe SocancKe dpoicaee, Beorpafl 1964.
M M y p a i a . Y n . 3 6 n p K y HSBopa y npesofly y : BuTKa na Kocoey 1389. lodune, Beorpafl 140—151; MCTM, Cyzy6u eenau (UpuAoi ucropuju KpaA,eecTBa y EOCHU), 36ophmk O m -
1989, 167—196 (npnpeflMO C . "RnpKOBMh), ji030ti)CKor 4)aKyjiTeTa y Beorpafly 8/1 (1964) 343—369.
52 -r'>i9i;^ •!> ^^:•n^C>il.J- '1'>? C . M . 'HlipKOBldi K o c o B C K a 6MTKa y MehynapoflHOM KOHxeKcry 53

jxa A p ^ K a B a M y p a r o E H x OcManjinja, KonHKo roA ce nponmpHJia ao 1389, noTqHH>aBaH>e n e H T p a j i H u x cpncKHx o6jiacTH h yBobeite rypcKc ynpase.
HHJe HHTAe HMajia a o a h ? c a TcpHTopHJaivia Kineaa J l a a a p a , B y K a BpaHKO- MypaT je TaAa M o r a o caMO Aa noKynia Aa c p n c K y roonoAy npncHJiH n a
B H h a HJIH K p a J t a CTe^ana T s p T K a I . ' " CyeapHHHH cy 6hjih pasABOjeHH BaaajicKH o a h o c h OAroBapajyhe oiSasese."* T c k n o c j i e 1393. h 1395. KaAa
iiojacoM TepHTopHJa cTapnx h hobhk rocnoAapa, Koje ne cmc saneMapHTH cy noxnyHO ocsojene acMJbe 6yrapcKHx uapesa, aaxHM KoHcxaHXHHa
HHJcAHa aHajiKsa ycMepeHa Ka tomc Aa oTKpHsa „y3poKe h nocncAHHe" Aparama h Kpajba MapKa, h npexBopene y cannaKC OcMaHJiHJaMa je
KocoBCKe Shtkc. oxsopea n p n c x y n y acMJbe B y K a BpaHKOsnha h JlaaapesHx HacjieAHHKa.
Meby THM TcpHTopHJaMa ce Mory pasJiHKOBaTH A s e aone. JcAHy Hehe 6hth HHMano cjry^iaJHo i n x o npse xypcKc nocaAe na xepHTopnJH
mhhc HocjieAite ocsojene seMJbe: Ennp h TecajiHJa, Koje cy aanonejie HCKaA 5paH)eHoj na Kocosy HajiaaniMO tck 1396, nocne HHKonojbCKC
caMOCTanan jkhbot y6p3o nocne J^yiuaHOBC c m p t h h y KOJHMa c y cpn- 6 H T K d H H3roH,eH>a ByKa BpaHKOSHba."
CKe A P ^ a B H C TpaAHHHJe tck y MaJioj Mepn OHyBane. Ha opncKy BjiacT Ty HHifcCHnqy xpe6a, xaKobe, HMaxH y sHAy a6or seposaxHobe Aa
osAC cy HOAcehane, npseHCXBeHO, AnnacTHJe oSjiacHHX rocnoAapa, na- c y x y p c K H s a a a j i H moxjih h Mopajin HMaxH yjiory y ycnocxasjbaity, OAp-
cxajie H3 onoja ocsaja^a h J i O K a j i u n x BJiacTOAp>Kar(a (cnopcAHa rpana >KaBaH>y, n a h p c M c h e a y oAHOca Jlaaapa, B y K a h T s p x K a npcMa OcMan-
HcMaiiHha, npejby6oBHhH, hotomiih Josana KoMHHHa Acena)." Apyry nHJaMa. I I o cbomc nojio^Kajy ohh c y 6hjih npcAOApebeHH Aa nocpcAyjy
3 0 H y MHHHO j C H H 3 OCaiMOCXajBeHHX T e p H T O p H J a HOA n O K a j I H H M A H H a C T H - H Aa ce ynnHby. Ako 6 h c e c m c j i o cyAHXH n o KacHHJHM, 6oJbe noanaxHM
j a M a noMCs o a A p a r a m a ( A e j a H o s H h a ) n a HCTOKy, n p c K O oSjiacTH P a - BpeMCHHMa, saaajiH cy 6hjih ckjiohh Aa ncKopncxe xypcKy aamxHxy,
Aocjiasa Xjianena, 3aTHM ByKauiHHOBHX CHHOBa MapKa h AnApHJama, HeKaji cy h KynosajiH xypcKy noMoh h 6hjih ckjiohh Aa ce HjOmc no-
CBe AO AP^ase EaJiimiha n a aainaAy. Y obom Aeny cnoMCHyTor repHTO- cJiy^e y cbojhm jioKajiHHM cyKo6HMa."
pHJajiHor Hojaca TpaAHHHJe cpncKC AP^^ase 6HJie c y spno jaKe h ao- HoApynje Koje nocMaxpaMO, acMJbe KOJe c y Aajie paxHHKe xpnui-
jia3HJie c y a o H3pa3a y THTyjiaMa roonoAapa, y ycTanoBaMa Koje cy na- haHCKOM xa6opy na Kocosy, 6HJie cy ca aanaAa h cesepa OKpy^acene
cnebene H3 p a H H J e r ypebeita, y BJiaAapcKHM npasHMa HaA rpaAOBHMa, xepHxopHJajvia Y r a p c K C KpaJbesHHe, y Kojoj cy ce 6ypHe npoMene as-
pyAHHHHMa, KOBHHuaMa, aochcjikm y pyKC hobhx BjiacTOAP>KaHa.'^ uiasajie 6aui y roAHHaMa yo^iH Kocobckc 6HXKe. Hocjie CMpxH Kpajsa
Y HamcM HOKyiuajy Aa peKOHCTpyHuieMo nojiHTUHKy KapTy yoMH JlyAOBHKa I A m K y j c K o x 1382. a a KpaxKO s p c M e ce p a c n a o XHJepapxHJCKH
KocoscKe 6HTKe sa^KHO je yomhth Aa obh o5jiacHH rocnoAapn, c H3y- CHcjxeM y KOMc cy HMajui mccxo h Cxe^Jan TspxKO I , Kao Kpaib Cp6a
SCTKOM BaniUHha, y AenenHJH yoHH Chtkc hc ynecTByjy y OAHOCHMa H Bocne, h KHea JIaaap, K a o rocnoAap HeKaAaniH.HX AparyxHHOBHX xe-
Meby cpncKOM rocnoAOM y HCHrpajiHHM o6jiacTHMa. Mo^Aa je Taj 3a- pHxopHJa, jaSyKC paaAopa y OAHOCHiMa yrapcKHx h cpncKHX snaAapa.
KJtyMaK HCCHrypaH, noMHsa na HenoTnynocTH o6aBeinTeH>a, na hyTaiby HeKaAaiuiBH KpajsesH saaajin nocxajajiH cy cse caMOCTaJiHHJH h y oa-
H3Bopdi KOJH c y A o u i J i H AO Hac. YnaAJbHSo je, HnaK, Aa ce ose Tcpnxo- Hocy Ha ocJiaGjbCHy n c H T p a j i H y BJiacT h y_OAHOcy na rocnoAy y cyceA-
pHJe He cnoMHHjy hh y AyopoBa^KHM apx,HBCKHM HOAaUHMa, naKO cy cTsy y HOAejBeHoj KpajbesHHH h y Mebyco6HHM oAHocHMa.'^
H TC 3 e M I b e H O C e h H B a J I H A y S p O S a H K H T p r O B H H , H a K O O HjHMa HMa BCCTH Oa npBHX HCTpajKHsa^a Kocobckc Chtkc h iteHHX npoTaroHHCTa
H n p e H HOCJie K p H T H H K o r n e p H O A a k o j h pasMaTpaMO. Ya csy onpe3HOCT, 3iia ce Aa c y T s p x K O I h J I a a a p 5 h j i h aKXHSHO yMeuiaHH y yHyxpauiite
Kojy Hajiame ocKyAHrta H3Bopa, HnaK ce Mopa pa'^ynaxH c thm Aa je 6op6e y YrapcKOj KpaibesHHH h Aa cy noAP>KaBajiH npncxaJiHue xas.
Ba3ajicKH OAHOc npcMa OcMaHJiHJaMa, yanocrasibaH y roAHnaMa nocjie HanyibCKe cxpaHKe. BpcMCHOM je HjHxobo aHra>KOBaEbe xponojioinKH
MapHMKe 6HTKe, HCTprao ose o6jiacTH h3 hcjehhc y KOJoj cy ce aotac npeuHaHpaHO, xaKo Aa je Aanac jacHO Aa je npenoM npeACxasjBajio aa-
paasHJajie. Maite peaepse h cyMite mo^cmo HMaTH npcMa saioByHKy poSjbasaifee KpajtHHa y Jiexo 1386, a A a ce T s p T K O ynycTHO y ocsajaifca
Aa je TypcKa BpxoBHa sjiacx obc o6jiacHe rocnoAape h Hxuxoflse acMJbe y XpsaxcKOj h AaJiMauHJH t c k 1387. K a A a j e npoxHBHHHKa cTpanKa dh-
ojpyKJiai Ha Apyry cxpany h one cnrypHo HHcy Morjie 6hth y xaSopy na y o^ansuBvi h KaA je nocxHrJia anaxne ycnexe.''
KHcala Jlaaapa h KpaJba fspTKa." Oa KaKO c y npHcxajiHue KpajBHHC M a p n j e ya noMoh BenenHJe Kpy-
H a MHifceHHHe A a c y acMJbc G p a i i e n e n a K o c o s y 1389. 6HJie c a h c t o - HHcajie H.eHor 6yAYher cynpyra ^HrMyHAa JIyKceM5ypiuKor, h oa KaKO
Ka H jyra OKpy>iceHe TepnTopHJaMa xypcKHX saaajia, tc HHcy Mome
HMaxH/ AOAHp ca aeMitaMa noA HenocpcAHOM ocMaHjiHJCKOM sjiamhy,
cJiCAH s a a c a n a a K J B y ^ a K A a M y p a T O B hhjb 1389. HHJe M o r a o 6 h t h n o T n y H O
O TOMe n p y a c a j y noflaxKe KacHMJM xypcKM MSBopn npeMa KojuMa Mcxpascii-
BaHM c pasjioroM r a j e pesepBe, j e p necxo npenoce Ha flaBHy npoiroiocT npeflcxase o
3 a HaJHOBMJe norjiefle n a lUMpeibe ocMaHJiMJCKe flpxaae y X I V s e K y y n . X . OflHocHMa y Bpewe Kafl c y xeKCxoBM n a c x a j a j i n .
M a T a n o B — C . M u x n e B a , O r TajiunoAU do JlenauTO. EcuiKaHure, Eepona u OCMOH- '5 y n . M . AwHHh, 06AacT EpaHKoeuha, npMjiosM K J I l * 26 (1960) 5—30 ( = Cpn-
CKOTO HamecTBue 1354—1571 CocJdmh 1988, 11—92; T h e Ottoman Emirate (1300— ace SBMJbe y cpedtheu eeKy, Beorpafl 1978, 148—177), rfle j e naBeflena n paHMJa jim-
—1389), ed. E . Z a c h a r i a d o u , R e t h y m n o n 1993, aKxn owMnoawja oflpacaHor y j a n y a p y Tepaxypa.
1991. Ha K p n T y . O xoMe 6poJHe npiiMepe napoHiixo n p y a c a Mcxopnja B o c n e y X V neKy. K a -
" B . c&epjaHHMli, Tecojiuja y XIU—XIV eeKy. Beorpafl 1974, 237—281; D. N i - paKxepHCTMHHM c y flora^ajM k o j h n p a x e paxose S o c a n c K e rocnofle npoTMB fly6poB-
col. The Despotate of Epiros 1267—1479. A Contribution to History of Greece in HHKa 1430—1432. h 1451—1454. y n . napoHnxo: Mcropuja cpncKoi napoda II, Beorpafl
the Middle Ages, C a m b r i d g e 1984. 1982, 218—40 M C . TiMpkobm!!, Cretan ByKHuh Kocana u tbeioeo doda, Beorpafl 1964,
*^ O TOMe y n . Moj pafl naBeflen y n a n . 8, rfle j e HaBeflena flexajbHa jiHxepaxypa. 147—199.
13 y xoM norjiefly y jiHTepaxypii m neiaa snaxHiije pasjiMKe, ocjim y norjiefly *' noflpo6HJije npMKaaano y MOMe pafly y Han. 8.
B a n u m h a , o HCMy h e Bhtm floiyiMje peHH. y n . •RnpKOBMh, Mcropuja cpedihOBeKoeHe 6ocaHCKe dpacaee, 153—157.
54 'm3-3'mm isomimswi^lffm C . M. TmpKOBMh KocoBCKa 6HTKa y Me^ynapoflHOM KOHxeKCTy 55

je OH HSHyflHo ocno6ol5eH>e RpajtHne Mapnje h noryKao BHme nyra H.ei B a a a j i c K e n o x M B i t e H o c x H h oSaseaa. ITosHaxo je Aa cy ce s e h xaAa
CBoje npoTHBHHKe, Bobe HanyibCKe cxpaHKc 6paha Xopsaxn h HBannm o6aBe3e cacxojajie y njiahaiby AaHKa h Aasaiby noMohnnx OApeAa.^^
najiHKKHai 6hjih c y npncKibeHH aa Kon Kpajta TspxKa I noxpa>Ke yxo- OxyAa je y namcM xparaay aa AHUJioMaxcKHM npcAHrpaMa Ko-
MHUixe H H a c x o j a j i H cy Aa ya iteroBy noMoh noBpaxe noanitHJe y Yrap- cobckc Shxkc noxpeSno o6paxHXH na>KiH>y c b h m MypaxoBBM KopanHMa
CKoj." noJiapnaauHja Meby nncMcxBOM h BCJiHKauiHMa joni ce bhuic npcMa aanaAy, BOAebn npn x o m c p a n y n a o M;HH.eHHiiH Aa cy xypcKH oa-
npowySnjia, a TBpxKO je npeyaeo Bo^ehy yjiory y SopSn 3a n p a s a Jla- peAH necxo AocncBajiH y yAajtoHe oSjiacxn n a noauB 3aBabeHHx cynap-
i i H C J i a B a H a n y j b C K o r , a n n a y S n j e H o r K p a j t a K a p j i a J^paHKor. O h je, noAp- iiHKa Kao noMohna h caBcaHHHKa BojcKa, h Aa cBaKH y nasopHMa cno-
>KaBajybH HsaHHUia XopBaxa, HBanHma IlajiH^Hy h H>HXOBe caSopne, MCHyxH xypcKH noxoA HHJe HMao ocBajaHKc HHJbeBC. OcxaBJbajyhn no
noneo Aa ocsaja XBpbase v X p s a x c K o j h A a noTqHH>aBa xpaAOBC y Aaji- cxpaHH MHoroSpoJHc npHMepe na KacHHJHx BpcMcna, noAcexHheMO ce
MaHHJH. C a HjCroBC x e p H X o p H J e sajiexajiH c y ce KpaibHHHHH npoxHBHHUH oHora mxo anaMO o BpeMeny npe Kocobckc dnxKC. IIpeMa JathUHCKOJ
V CjiaBOHHJy H CpeM, ajiH 6e3 s e h e r y c n e x a ? " xpoHuiiu ToMa HpeibySoBHh j e noaBao TypKe Aa My noMorny y cyKo6y
H p e A Kpaj 1387, roAHHy h n o A a a a n p e K o c o b c k c 6HXKe, x e p n x o p n j a ca cyceAHHM AJiSanitHMa.^
HauiKx caBe3HHKa KpajBa TspxKa h KHesa J I a s a p a 6HJia je oKpy:>KeHa MoiKCMo, xaKobe, ocxaBHXH no cxpann noAaxKC o npBOM noaHa-
nenpHJaxejBHMa y mnpoKOM JiyKy o a K H n n a ao CaBC h ao Fojiynua na xoM xypcKOM ynaAy y Cp6HJy, ohomc h3 1381. KaAa cy Ilpen h Bhto-
AynaBy. 36or xora xepnxopnja KOJa he ce 6paHHXH Ha KocoBy HHJe MHp no peHHMa cpncKHx nexoHHca „h35hjih" TypKC na AySpaBHHiiH.*'
Morjia HMaxH HHKaKas ocjionan n a xpHuihaHCKy E s p o n y , KaKO ce mccxo Tck j e , 6 e 3 cyMH>e, 6 h o c y K o 6 JioKanHor KapaKxepa h ho Mecxy cyAapa
3aMHUiJba H r o B o p H . E n j i a j e bhuic najiiiK n a ocxpBO OKpy>KeHO ca cbhx H no JiHHHOcxHMa c p n c K H x a a n o B e A H H K a . Ohomc mxo je JL. CxojaHOBHii
cxpana npoxHBHHHHMa, na HcxoKy h jyry BaaajniMa OcMaHJiHJa, na yxBpAHO y noce6HOj pacnpasH o Itpeny h BnxoMHpy MO>Ke c e AOAaxH
sanaAy h ccBcpy cynapHHHHMa y 6op6H sa npecxo YrapcKe KpajbCBHHe. noHemxo^ o nopoAHUH n a KOJe L f p e n hoxhmc, h o Mecxy cyKo6a jep ce
JcAHHH casesHHUH, ajiH 6 e 3 Mobn h yxHi^aja, 6hjih c y y Jy>KHOj Hxa- AySpasa cnoMHtte y paBaiiHHKoj xpncoByjbH, tac je HaBCACHa h „6hp
j i H J H , XAC j e KpajbHHa Maprapnxa, MaJKa JIaAHCJiaBa HanyjbCKOx, Gnjia AySpaBHHqKa" ao Pa>KHja h Cxajiaha, mxo ne mojkc 6hxh y Bean ca
caBcsHHK OHpcHHe. Thmb ce Mory o6jacHHXH Tbpxkobb sese ca Oh- AySpaBHHOM Ha AyHasy. Y ccjiy Hasop y xomc Kpajy Snjia je mhmo-
peHHOM y OBO BpeMe h jaico 4)HpeHTHHCKO HuxepecoBaite 3a YrapcKy xoAHa HapHHa na nyxy npcMa ByrapcKoj. KaA ce cbc xe okohhocxh
H BajiKan. Hehe 6hxh nyKa cjiy^aJHOcx mxo 5am h3 obof pa3Ao5jLa yaMy y oSanp HaJBcpoBaxHHJHM cc mhhh Aa cy Hpen h Bhxomhp ca
HMaMo y OnpeHHH Ba)KHe HSBopne noAaxKc o namnM KpajcBHMa?' Ha- K p a J H m K O M BOJCKOM o a 6 h j i h x y p c K y n p o B a j i y c a xepHXopHJe ByrapcKC.^'
cynpoT <l>HpeHHH, B e H c i m j a je noAp^icaBajia Kpajta >KHrMyHAa JlyKCCM- EBCHxyajiHa onmxnja nonwriPiKa noaaAHHa ce ne Mo:>Ke h h naapexH,
6ypmKor h KpajbHuy Mapnjy h oxpa6pHBajia je AajiMaTHHCKc xpaAOBC a Mano je BcpoBaxHO Aa 6h oa OBor cyKo6a ncKa hhx BOAHJia K a Aoxa-
Aa ce OAynnpy npnxHCKy KpajieBHx h KpajtHHHHHX nenpHJaxejba h 5yH- baJHMa H3 1389. roAHne, jep cy ce y McbyBpcMeHy AoroAHne MHore
TOBHHKa^ Apyre cxsapn.
HojiHXHMKa Kapxa ao KOje cmo AomAH y Hacxojaity Aa pcKOHCxpy- ApyrH anaxHHJH x y p c K H npoAop Ka aanaAy hc oahoch ce Ha Cp-
HmcMO nojio>Kaj Cp6HJe, EocHe h c y c c A i i n x acMaiba, naKo nenoxnyna, 6H|jy, B e h na onaj Aeo ocxaxaKa AymaHOBor iiapcxBa kojh ce namao
HnaK npy^a Moryhnocx Aa ce h c h p h h h j c h cnrypHHJe piHxepnpexHpajy nOA B J i a m h y B a n m e I I Bajimnba. Hh xo hhjc 6ho hoxoa hcjic CMnpoBC
one MaJioSpojne HHc{)opMaHHJe o 35HBaH,HMa nenocpeAHO npe h nocJie BOJCKC, B c b ynaA MypaxoBor BojcKOBobe XajpcAHHa, kojh je aobco ao
K o c o b c k c S h x k c , KOJHMa n a y K a A a n a c pacnojia:>Ke. Kao uno je Beh no- 6HXKe Ha C a y p c K O M n o j t y koa Eepaxa 1385, y KOJoj c y n o r a n y j i H Myica
Mcnyxo, OA x a M H o r c a r j i c A a B a i t a C H x y a i J , n j e y BejiHKOj M e p n 3aBHCH pa- dpuHKU, Eajima H h H>eroBH BejinKamn. HaBop Maspa OpSnna oahc-
syMeBaite najonmxHJHX Moxnea, jep je, Ha npHMcp, Majio sepoBaxHO Aa KyA 3Ha A a j e x y norHHyo h HBannm, 6pax Kpajbcanha MapKa, h naMa
6h ocBajaite xepHXopnje Morao ohxh hhjb iioxoAa noKpenyxor npoxHB KHa-ye HenoaHaxH Bypab KpsasyHh.^ He narjieAa BcpoBaxHO Aa 6h ce
3eMaji.a c a KOJHMa OcManjiHJe Hncy HMaiie sajeAHnqKC rpannne hh xe- OBaj c y A a p M o r a o yicibyHHXH y n p c A H x p y paxa kojh he aobccxh a o SnxKe
pHTopnjajiHor AOAHpa. Y xaKBOM cny^ajy je BepoBaxmija npexnocxaBKa
A a j e HHJB i i o x o A a S h j i o noTqHH>aBaH>e B j i a ; i , a p a , H a M e x a i t e hjih oSnaBJba-
2^ M a T a n o B — M u x n e B a , O r FojiunoAu do Jlenamo, 56—68.
^ T o h r o n i k o n t o n l o a n n i n o n , ed. L . V r a n o u s i s , 1962, 96—100.
^ Crapu cpncKU podocAoeu u jiemnucu, wsfl. J b . CTOjanoBnh, CpeMCKM K a p -
18 flecMJio ce TO nocjie 6op6M KOje heMO KparKO npiiKasaTM n a cjieflehwM CTpa- JioBim 1927, 113, 214. Y n . J b . CTOjanoBMh, U,pen u BuTOMup, 36opHHK y n a c T B o r f l a -
HaMa. Ha IIonoBHlia, Beorpafl 1929, 356—357; lb. C n . PaflojMHMh, Mane eojcKy cpncKu mea
^ flaa TaKBa y n a ^ a s a B p m i i J i a c y ce nopa30M m sapoBjbaBaHjeM aanoseflHHKa, JIasape, JleTonMC MaTM^e cpncKe 390 (1962) 533—537 ( = Teopuu u deAa crape cpncne
o Heuy h e j o m 6mtm penw. KThiOKeoHOCTU, TuTOrpafl 1963, 141—144).
21 nopefl nosHaTor 4)HpeHTiiHCKor oflroBopa n a T b p t k o b o nncMO MMaMO oniiiMp- Y n . cafla m M. BjiarojeeMh, Kpajuuira cpedthoeeKOBue Cpduje, B o j n e KpajM-
Ho M a j i a r a a e ^^MpeHTHHCKe anoHMMHe xpoHMKe, n a KOjy j e CKpenyo n a s c i t y T h . A . He y jyrocjioBeHCKMM 3eM.jbaMa y hobom B e K y flo KapjioBaHKor MMpa 1699. 3 6 o p h h k
E m m e r t , Serbian Golgotha Kosovo, 1389, E a s t E u r o p e a n M o n o g r a p h s C C L X X V I I I , paflOBa c a nayHHor C K y n a oflpacanor 24. m 25. anpMJia 1986, Beorpafl 1989, 2 7 — 4 6 , n o -
N e w Y o r k 1990, 54—60 (npeBOfl y EuTxa na Kocoey 1389. lodme, Beorpafl 1989, 1 7 5 — ce6Ho 38—39.
—178) M oflJiOMaK o K o c o B y y cnMcy B e l t r a m a M i n i a n e l l i j a R u i n a D a m a s c i mjim V i t a * M a u r o O r b i n i , I I regno degli Slavi, P e s a r o 1601 ( r e p r i n t : M U n c h e n 1985),
T a m e r l a n i , kojm j e , TaKO^^e, cJiMpeHTMHCKor nopcKJia. Y n . M. Jlmtvih, Raa caepeAWHu- 292—293; M a B p o OpSiiH, Kpajbeecreo CAOeena, n p e s e o 3 . IIIyHflpima, B e o r p a f l 1968,
ua o Sojy na Kocoey, r.nac 132 (1940) 145—148. 71, 0 nopeKJiy BecTM m norpeumoj xpoHOflorHJM y n . Moj k o m c h t h p h e CTp. 321.
56 V T > « l - i ' 0 ^ MOHtCtWKtd C . M . •RMpKOBMh KocoBCKa 6HXKa y nel^yHapoflHOM KOHxeKcry 57

Ha Kcx;oBy, a n n y obom cjiyqajy MopaMO 6 h t h oopesHH, jep ce OAaB^e Y MebyBpcMcny je h JIasap cxcKao HOBa ncKycxBa c MypaxoM,
Mory npaTHTH KapHKc y Jianny Aorabaja cbc ao 1388. h x y p c K o r npoao- o HCMy CBCAOMC c p n c K H jiexoHHCH H jcAHa rpMica „KpaxKa xpoHHKa",
pa, H c y K o 6 a k o a BHJieHe. KOJa je, n o cboj xvpmmxu, ca.MO npcBOA cpoiCKor Jiexonnca. K a K O jicxo-
HaHMC, norH6HJOM Baituie II oxBopen je npocxop 3a Hacxyn H,e- nncH ne npimaAajy ncxoj pcAaKUHJn h KaKO Meby liHMa nocxoje pas-
roBor CHHOBHa B y p f e a I I CxpaiiHMHpoBHha, kojh je 3arocnoAapHo 6aji- h h k c y cxHJiHsauHJH n 6 p o j y HHc^opMaunja, noxpe6HO j e A a h x 6pH!^JbiH-
mnhKHM HacjiebeM y 3exH h ca h>hm npHxeaxHo ABa nenpHJaxeibcxBa, Bo paaMOxpn.Mo. l i o A xoahhom (oa c x B o p e i t a CBCxa) 6894. y s e h n H H Jie-
jcAHo npcMa TypuHMa, Apyro npcMa Kpaity TspxKy I. O ycnony Bypba xoHHca 3a6ejie>KeHo j e n o M p a n e i t e c y n u a 1. j a n y a p a , aaxHM M y p a x o B no-
II CxpaHHMHpoBHha HeMaMO A p y r n x bccxh ochm Ka3HBaH>a Henoanaxox xoA Ha C p 6 H J y , xypcKO o c B a j a i t c H n m a , a y h c k h m pyKonncHMa h xypcKO
Op6HHOBor H3Bopa, HHJH HOJqAHHH HOAaHH Hajiasc noTBpAC y caBpcMe- o c B a j a i B c n n o B A H B a n 6 y r a p c K H x h rp^^KHX r p a A O B a . ^ S a x B a j b y j y h n xomc
Hoj AHHJiOMaxHMK O j rpabn. Bypab I I ce ocjio6oaho H3 3axBopa y Apa^y, m x o j e n o M p a n e i i e c y n n a 3a6ejie>KeHO h y ApyxHM H3BopHMa n HHH>eHHHH
a a x H M j e y c n o c x a B j B a o B J i a c x y S e x H n a H J i a s e h n n a npoxHBJi>eH>e nopoAHHe Aa ce AaxyM noMpaMciBa M O ^ e n p o B e p n x H pa^qyHHMa h a c x p o n o M C K H M pe-
CaKax (SaKapHJa) h n a HcnpHJaxejBCXBO nopoAHHC A y K a b n n a . Ilocjie ce KOHcxpyKUHJaMa, m o ^ c m o 5 h x h cHrypHH Aa j e p e n o x o a h h h KOJa j e no-
noMnpno c a AY^abHHHMa, a ocjienno je h yKJioHHO C a K a x e . Ao>KHBeo MHitajia 1. c e n x c M S p a 1385, a s a s p m a B a j i a c e 3 1 . a B r y c x a 1386. IIoMpa-
je bcuhkh xypcKH ynaA y MycaKHjy h aajiebe Apa^a, cbc ao Ocxpora HCftC' j e , H a H M C , 5hjio 1. j a n y a p a 1386. roAHHC.'' K a K O ce y c b h m jiexo-
H Onoronixa, a hoxom ce noMnpno ca TypHHMa noMohy noKjiona h no- nncHMa kojh 6eAe>i<.e x y p c i c n h o x o a h J l a a a p c B oAxoBop, AorabaJH 6e3
cjiancxBa. Bypab II je naJBepoBaxHHJe ojanao cboj nojiox<aj xhmc mxo H 3 y 3 e x K a n a B O A C x h m pcAOM, xj. n p B o n o M p a n e i t e , a OHAa h o x o a , c j i c a h j i o
ce opoAHO ca khcsom JIasapoM: yseo je sa JKeny Jlasapesy Khep Koja 6 h A a j e paxoBaHjC 6hjio HSMcby noiqexKa t o a h h c h 3 1 . a s r y c x a . C j i c a h j i o
je paHHJe 6Hjia yAaxa aa IIlHmMaHa MojiAascKor (!).^ 6h, xaKobe, Aa OBaj noxoA h h j c Morao naasBaxH cxpax n 5e>KaH>e y Ay-
JcAHHH npeHH3HH x p o H O J i o m K H ejieMCHax y KasHBafty Op6HHOBor 6 p O B a M K O J O K O J I H H H , j C p CC H O A a H H O ScKCXBy H cKJiaH.aH.y (oKTo6ap/HO-
H3Bopa je roAHHa 1386, K a A a Tpe6a Aa ce noMnpno c TypuHMa. CaM BeM6ap) oAHOce n a 6895. roAHny o a c x B a p a i t a CBCxa.
3a ce6e, xaj noAaxaK ne 6 h 3acjiy>KHBao noBepeH,e, jep cy koa OpSnHa BejiemKy o o c B a j a i t y H n m a , HjioBAHBa h 5 y r a p c K H X n rpMKHx rpa-
necxe rpemKC oa Jcahc toahhc, npoyspoKOBane MO^Aa npepaHynaBa- AOBa HMa caMO M a n n 6 p o j j i e x o r i H c a , M e b y HjHMa n o h h n a j c x a p n J H . Y k o -
H>eM H 3 B H S a H T H J C K C TOAHHC y X O A H H y OA X p H C T O B O X p o b e H , a HJIH 3 a H e - jiHKO 6 e j i e ^ e o6a Aorabaja,.ohh o c B a j a i t e IIxiOBAHBa n SyrapcKHx rpa-
M a p H B a H j C M p a 3 J i H K e y CTUAoeuma, noHeuHMa t o a h h c . O b a c , MebyxHM, AOBa cxaBJbajy ncnpcA CMHpoBor AOJiacKa a o IIjioMHHKa. Ap^Kehn ce,
noxBpAy HMaMo y AySpoBavKHM AOKyMenxHMa, kojh y jecen 1386. c b c - AaKjie, pcAa namnx jiexanHca npno je 6Hna onepauHJa y ByrapcKoj, na
AO^e o xypcKOJ onacnocxH h roBope o TypHHMa kojh nycxome oSjiacxH y Cp6HJH. HnaK, y b c s h c x h m B e c x H M a H.Ma h s b c c h h x n p o 6 j i e M a . ' ^ Hnje
(partes discurentium). K a K o j e A y S p o o n n K x a A a c a c b h x c x p a n a OKpy:HceH naJBaHCHHJa o k o j i h o c t A a xhx b c c x h HCMa y Behnmi jiexonnca, nero hh-
xepHxopHJOM KpajteBHHC Cxe^Jana TspxKa I, h KaKO cy Onoromx h HjCHHua A a HOAaxaK o IIjiOBAHBy ne Mo^e 6 h x h xaMan. TpaA je 3ay3ex
Ocxpor y xoj Ap,>KaBH, CKopo je hsbccho Aa c y T y p H H xaAa nycxoiUHJin MHoro panHJe h xo y KOHxcKcxy 6hxho paajiHMHxnx 3 5 HB a H>a . C Apyre
Kpajese y johckoai h jaApancKOM sajieby."^' cxpane, snajyhn npnpoAy cpncKHx jiexonnca ne mo^cmo oncKHBaxH
Y CBaKOM cjiynajy, nesaBHcno oa KasHBaita napaxHBHHx H3Bopa, Aa cy dcjiemKc 4)aHxacxHMHe h HcpeajiHC, npe ce MO^Hce xMhcuhxh na
y caBpeMCHHM AOKyMCHXHMa HMaMO noy3AaH xpoHOJiomKH OKBnp: 18. norpemKe y y B p r n h n s a i i y BcjiemKC hjih na ncKy 36pKy y pyKonncnoj
cenxcMSap, Kao Aan norH6HJe Bajime I I , h oKxoSap/noBeMSap 1386, K a A a xpaAHHHJH. Hnje HCKJbyneHO A a je Aorabaj H3 hckox Apyror BpcMcna
j e H3a3BaH b c j i h k h c x p a x oa TypaKa y AySpoBHHKy h aeroBOM sajieby. norpemno y6aHeH n a obom Mecxy. A k o j e cyAHXH n o IlaoBAHBy Tpe6ajio
O xypcKOJ npoBaJiH y aJiSancKC oSnacxH y 1387. h 3 p h h h x o r o B o p n jcAan 6 h o H C K H B a x H HCKO p a H H J c A o 6 a , a aKo je no Hnmy OHAa K a c H H J e ; c b h
HapaxHBHH H3Bop. I I o p y K a JTcKC AyKabHHa Aa Ay6poBHaHH cjio6oaho sajcAHo 6h ce mofjih nahn y aiSHBaaHMa nocnc AnropcKe 6HXKe. He
AOJia3e y i t e r o B y 3eMjby „jepe ce y M n p n x c TypqH" npHMJi^CHa j e y JJy^- MO>Ke c e M H M O H h n HH n n x a H j C K a K o 5 h M y p a x xaAa ocBajao Hnm KaAa
poBHHKy 30. A e u e M 6 p a 1387, n a he ce, n o cboj npnnHUH, oahochxh na H3Meby HjCroBC x e p H x o p n j e n OBora rpaAa j i c h c h i^ejia B y r a p c K a h ago
Ao-rabaje H 3 1386, n o m x o ce y Ay^poBHHKy oa 25. ACHCMSpa 6eneyKiina CpSnje? TypHH cy y KacHHJHM BpeMCHHMa cxBapajiH ynopHiuxa CBOJe
HOfia roAHHa.'^' Y xoKy 14 M c c e u H (hjih abc roAHHe aico c e y3Me y o&np BJiacxH H a xybHM xepnxopHJaMa (CKonjBC, X o a h a J c a ) .
HOXOA H 3 1 3 8 7 ) , B y p a b CxpaHHMHpoBHh ce noMnpno c TypuHMa h opo- OcxaBJbajyhn npo6j[eM 6yrapcKHx h rpHKHx rpaAOBa a a AaJbe xpa-
AHo c KHe30M JIaaapoM, n o c x a B m n My sex. raH.e, o 6 p a x H M o na>KH.y c y A a p y Cp6a h TypaKa. HaKo ce y JiHxepaxypH

^ CxojaHOBMh, Crapu cpncKu podocAoau u AETOTIUCU, 117, 121, 214—215, 287.

2' OpGMHM, H a s . dejio, 293; npeaofl 71—72, KOMenxap 322. ^' V n . Ta6ejiy n o M p a n e a a y : V . G r u m e l , Traite d'etudes byzantines I, La
28 M. A^Huh, OdAyxe eeha ffy6poeaHKe Peny6AUKe II, Beorpafl 1964, 298,_300. chronologie, P a r i s 1958, 468; V . M i o c — D . Mioc, Cronica observafiilor astronomice
23 J b . CTOjaHOBMh, C r a p e cpncKe noeeAe u nucjua II, Beorpafl — C p . K a p j i o a - romanesti, Bucure.sti 1977, 2 0 — 2 1 .
lIM 1934. 213. riMCMO HeMa flaxyMa caMO fly5poBaHKy SejieuiKy: die p e n u l t i m o D e c . 32 O c a a j a f t e H n m a nofl 6894. MMajy jiexonMCM: KyBeay?MHCKM, ra6poBCKM, 6 e o -
1387, m x o no flySposaHKOM naHMny flaxoaaiia c nonexKOM roflime 25. fleiieM6pa rpaflCKM I , niadjapMKOB, ceHeHMHKM m a a r p e S a i K M OfljiOMaK jiexonnca. IljiOBflMB m
nafla y 1386. roflWHy. flaxyu HMje Mcnpasjio hm K . jMpeneK, CnojueHuuu cpncKU, flpyre rpafloae a B y r a p c K y seMJty nofl mctom roflMHOM MMajy: tioflropMHKM, flenaHCKM,
CnoMCHMK 1 1 (1890) 102 6p. 38, hm M. B o j K n h . O MynalyuHUMa, 36ophmk c5>M.no30c}3- flopnaxcKM, P y s a p n e B I , panaHCKH, ByKOB, cenMHKM, XMJiaHflapcKM, noflropMHKM, a p x o -
CKor 4)aKyjiTeTa 8/1 (1964) 385—390 ( = HeMupno noMopje XV eeua, Beorpafl 1979, CpesHMHKM, P y a a p n e B I I , co^jmjckm I I , peMexcKM, BacMhea, JaHKOB, M a r a p a m e a M -
333—336). h e a , BepKOBMhea, OcxojMhes.
5g • ~- •- ..... c . M . "RnpKOBMh KocoBCKa 6MXKa y MehynapoflHOM KonxeKcxy 59

yoSHHaJHjio roBopHTH o 6ojy na IlnoHHUKy,^ HHJeAHa JiexonHcaHKa 6e- cxaBjba npHiHTHna, aa Kojy HHJCAaH n a B o p ne Ka>KC A a j e H M a j i a yxBp-
jieniKa hc AOSBOJBaBa 3aKJb\i^aK o xoMe Aa je xa^a Aomjio ao neKe beite, xaKO Aa hhjc Morjia npy^Kaxn oxnop bcjihkoj CMHpoBoj BojcrjH.^'
cpmcKO-xypcKe 6HXKe. HanpoxiiB, cxHJiHsauHJa jiexonnca npeiwa Kojn.Ma To 6h ce Mopajio oahochxh na hckh A p y r n xpaA. Y 5jih3hhh npnmxHne
Mypax „ H 3 H A e " , „He y q n H H H H u i x a " , „ B p a x H c e o n e x " , cbcaohh o neoGaB- 5 h o j e KOMHJieKc A B o p o s a n o p c A j e a e p a ( I l a y H H , C s p M i m , IIIxHMJBa, Majio
jbenoM nocjiy. J e A a n saiwexaK jiexoiraca, k o a Kora ne mo^bmo 6hxh ch- Aajbc H HepoAHMjBa), nemxo yAajbcnnJH cy 6hjih IIpHJienan, IIpHapeHaa
rypHH Aa HMa HcnpaBan xckcx, 6eKcxBO npHnncyje o6ojhiih sjiaAapa: H H o b o BpAo, a nemxo 6 j i H ^ a rpaManHHa, cnrypno yxBpbena Kao h Apy-
„no6e^e Mypax h k h c s JIaaap c IIjioMHHKa h3 Tonrame". Bea HKaKBor rn MaHacxnpn xora BpcMcna.
KOJieSaita ce m o ^ c pehn Aa je cMHcao onora mxo c y aa6enejKHJiH c p n - HcAasHO j e ACxajBHa n c x o p H J a M a n a c x n p a C K p e n y j i a na«.H>y n a j c -
ckh' jiexoHHCH A a je AOJiaano M y p a x , mxo ananH nejioKynna OACMnpa Aan AOKyMcnax k o j h noKaayjc Aa je Manacxnp oaSnibHO n o c x p a A a o nerAC
npeABobcHa BojcKa, Aa j e n a xo pearoBao KHca JIaaap t h m c m x o je h oh y BpcMC KHeaa Jlaaapa, ByKa BpanKOBHha n naxpnjapxa CnnpHAona,
„Haamao", Aa je c y n x a n oxHmao ne y^iHHHBmn HHmxa: „h s p a x n c e anex AaKJie, y n e p n o A y 1380—1389. xoahhc. H n c a n a a n n c a j e nocjie cxpaAaita
ox njiOHHHKa". HejacHo ocxaje aamxo je y npHHy ymao IljioqHHK, aa- Manacxnpa Aocneo Aa npeimme bcjihkh mhhcj. O h Hapunnxo cbcaomh Aa
mxo je y spno c a ^ c e x o 4)opMYJiHcaHOJ b c c x h c n o M c n y x o m c c x o k o a Kora cy KftHre naropcjie y nnpry Manacxnpa, a ca ibHMa h MHomxBO JtyAH,
ce HHmxa hhjc aschjio? A a jih je xo naJAaJbc mccxo aokjic je cxnrao Aa c y nanaAaHH 5 h j i h rpuK.aeru UHOriAeMeHUtfu. Y csaKOM cnynajy, Tpa-
HJtii c e xy OMCKHBajia 6HXKa? IIjiohhhk jiokh, Kao mxo je noanaxo, na qannua, noAHrnyxa Aa 5yAe ccAHmxe enncKona jinniBancKHx, h h j c Bpmn-
Ba>KHQM nyxy c Kocosa y AOJinny MopaBC, na je, HaJBepoBaxnnje, xy jia xy 4)yHKiiHJy y BpcMc Kocobckc Shxkc. Tcjio Kneaa JIasapa caxpa-
OHO HOCJieAHJH x a S o p npe OAJiacKa n a CpSnje. HjCho je npBo y MnxponojinjcKoj upkbh y HpnmxHHH,^ a tck nerAc
y Hamoj nHTepaxypH, aanyAO, hhjc npHMcheno Aa o xomc Aora- KacHHJe ce MHxponojmjcKo ceAnmxe Bpaxnno y rpaHanimy.
bajy, AOAyuie, 6ea cnoMHitaHja IIjio^iHHKa h c a f o a h h o m KOja je npo6jie- He MHcjiHM, H a p a B H o , Aa c e .MO:>Ke a a c x y n a x n x e a a A a c e KaaHBaite
MaxHHHa, FOBopn H HcnoaHaxH nasop Maspa OpGnna, ncKopHmhen y Op6HHOBor H3Bopa OAHOCH na TpaMaHHuy, anu ce Mopa npnMexnxn Aa
noFJiatBjby o KHcay JIaaapy. Taj (jjparMenax OAYAapa oa ocxajior OpSn- cxpa,AaH>e r p a n a H H u e npe Kocobckc Shxkc, Kao HCcyMHbHBa HHiiCHHHa,
HOBor Hajiarafta o K o c o b c k o j 5 h h h , y KOJe yBOAH m n p o K H o c B p x n a xyp- nocpcAHo noxBpbyje npiwy o xypcKOM nanaAy h nycxomeiiy. Ocxaajta-
CKa ocBajama y EBponH.** lioanax j e HSBop kojh OpBnn xy CKCujepnHpa jyhH H OBO H H x a i b e aa Aaibc n p o B c p a B a i i e , M o p a c e oa6HJbHHJe y a e x n y
H Ha H>era naAOBcayje Ayry npHHy o Kocobckoj 5huh cacxaBibcny oa o6aHp Moryhnocx Aa c y naMcby Jlaaapa h Mypaxa oahoch 6hjih cpebcHH
paaHopoAHHx encMCHaxa, a n n j e nenoanaxo n o p c K J i o OAJiOMKa k o j h cbc- y roAHHaMa npe Kocobckc Shtkc, mxo ce x b p a h y h c k h m x y p c K H M H3B0-
M y TOMC n p e x x o A H h kojh nac obac npsencTBeHO nnxepecyje. pHMa, aiiH c y o h h na K a c n n j e r A o 6 a h oxyAa necHrypHH.*
Ty c e , naHMC, r o B o p n o jcahom MypaxoBOM noxoAy ca 30.000 pax- CnoMcnyxa je seh xypcKa npoBajia npcMa aanaAy y OKTo6pyTHo-
HHKa, c KOJHMa T p e 6 a A a j e y m a o y C p S n j y , 6 o p a B H o y h>oj M e c e i i A a n a , BCMSpy 1386, AOBOJbHO BCJiHKa Aa yancMnpn cxanosnHmxEO AySpoBan-
HOKymaBajyhn Aa ocbojh IIpHmxHHy, a.xn h h j c yoneo. Hacynpox itcMy Kor aajieba, K o j e ce cKJiaitajio n a x e p n x o p n j y PenySnnKc y ^ y n y h Ctoh.
cy, no HCXOM H H C i i y , n o A H X J i H B O J C K y KHca JIaaap h B y K , ajin ce nncy OAJiyKC AySpoBaMKHx B c h a KoJHtMa c e oAo6paBa npHMaae 6eryHaHa ro-
ynymxaJiil y SnxKy nponeityjyhH Aa My HHcy paBHH, nexo cy ra npa- Bope y jcAHOM cjiynajy o xypcKoj Bojc^H, a y ApyroM o Typ^HMa kojh
XHUH no 6pAOBHXHM H xBpAHM MccxHMa. HajaaA je Mypax oxnmao y nycxome KpajeBC.'" A y S p o s a H K H noAann cy cacBHM noyaAann, ajin hh-
CBojy aeMjby h oHAa cy ca nocjianHHH.Ma BobcHH nperoBopn, kojh cy AHpcKXHH, OHH HC ocBCxjtaBajy nomixHtiKy noaaAHHy Aorabaja. Hoxoa
no cBOJ n p n J i H i i H a o b b j i h ao xora Aa c y KHea JIaaap h B y K npncxajin Ha je, HccyMibHBo, norabao xepnxopHJy xpaiba TspxKa Koja je ca cbhx
njiahajie AaHKa h Aasaiie 1.000 paxnnKa. To cbc xpeoa Aa ce AecHJio cxpana OKpyiKHBajia Ay^poBHHK. K a K o ce y O p 6 h h o b o m Hasopy o Bypby
1385, roAHHc y anpnjiy Mcceiiy.^' II CxpaHHMHpoBHhy Ka>Ke A a cy Typun npoApjiH ao Ocxpora h Ohofo-
Ho naHHHy npnyaita h caAP^KHHH Op6hhob nasop hhjc aaancan mxa, xaAa noA Tbpxkobom BJiamhy, npnpoAHo je Aa abc rpyne hh4>op-
OA c p n c K H X j t e x o H H c a , a j i n i i n o npocxopy h no xpoHOJiornJH h n o xoKy MaiiHja noBOKc.Mo h aaKiby^Mo Aa cy ao xora BpcMona npecxajic n hc-
Aorabaja' n HcxoAy cjia>Ke ce h toxobo noKJiana ca ohhm m x o npcHOce Bojbe Bypba II CxpanHMHpoBnha ca TypqH.Ma.
jiexoiracH: n obac je cmhpob hoxoa na Cp6HJy npoxHs Kneaa Jlaaapa,
H y obom KaaHBaifcy a o 6HXKe n n j e Aomjio, Mypax h h j c nocxHrao HHKa-
Kas cxsapHH ycnex hoxoaom. Ann, n obac HMaMo xemKohe. Hnje naj- a M o x f l a j e o h n p n n p e x B a p a a y flaxyMa saneMapMo pa3jiMKe y n o n e x K y rofliiHe
Bcha y xpoHojiorHJH. Ona j e , HaK, KaA c e HxMa y BHAy HCJiHHa O p S n H O - MJIM CJI.
Bor x c K c x a , apryMCHax y npnjior Ao6poj o S a B c m x e n o c x H . ^ T e m K o h y npcA- 3' O HcxopHJM ITpMuiXHHe caonuiTMjia j e pacnojioscMBy r p a ^ y fl. K o s a i e B w h -
-KojMh, npuiUTUHa y cpedrhCM eujeKy. PIctopmJckm ^^aconMc 22 (1975) 4 5 — 7 4 .
38 B. ToflHh, MuTponoAUja y npumruHu — npea ipoBua upnea mesa Jlaaa-
33 ripMMepa j e tojimko y cTapMjoj m hobmjoj jiHiepaxypM fla mx h c Bpe«M pa, Cbbxm KHea J I a s a p . CnoMeHMua o mecxoj cxoroflMuiibMUM KocoBCKor 6 o j a 1389—
HaBOflMTH. 1989, Beorpafl 1989, 163—169.
3* n o p c K J i o flejiOBa Op6MHOBor M3JiaraH>a o K o c o b c k o j 6 i m K n o K y m a o caM fla 38 A . QjiecHMqKM, TypcKu uaeopu o KOCOBCKOM 6ojy, TjiacHMK C K o n c K o r n a y n -
yxBpAMM y KOMeHxapy y s npesofl OpBMHOBor x e K c x a (cxp. 329—330). Hor flpymxBa 14(1934) 59—95; r . E./ie30BMh, Eoj na Kocoey 1389 y ucropuju Myna
35 O r b i n i , uae. deno, 312—313, npeBOfl 94—95, KOMenxap 329. MexMeda Heuipuje, BpacxBO 31 (1940) 1—77; S. T r a l c o , Bitka na Kosovu 1389. go-
38 y KOMenxapy caM n a BMuie Mecxa ynosopMO n a r p e u i K y ofl jeflHe rofljffle, dme u istoriji Idrisa BitUsija, P r i l o z i z a o r i j e n t a l n u filologiju 14—15 (1964—65) 329—
KOjoj HHje y a c K mcxm yspoK. MojKfla noTii'ie ii?, i-i3Bopa Koje j e Op6HH eKcqepniipao,
 , ».ot..,nn. • ' ' C . M . "RllpKOBMh K o c o B C K a 6iiTKa y MebyaapoflHOM KOHTeKciy 61
60

Y HCKOj B p c T H KOHBepreHHHJe x p H H 3 B o p a (cpracKH jiexonHCH, O p - T s p x K y c y K p a j t H u e p o b a K c ( K p a j t H n a M a J K a J e j i n c a s e x a My j e 6HJia

6 h h o b HSBop o M y p a x o B O M n o x o s y y C p d n j y , O p 6 h h o b HSBop o y c n o n y c e c x p a i OA c x p r n j a ) o 6 e 3 5 e b H B a j i e o h o m x o c e n p e n o a H a j e K a o u h j b n o -
B y p b a I I CxpauHMHpoBnha) n o x s p b y j y A a j e 1386. S n j i a npejiOMna y jiHXHKC n o c j i e 1 3 7 7 : o K y n a B a i i e H e K a A a u i i i H x H e M a f t H h K H x a c M a j t a h n p s o
OAHOcy j y ^ H o c j i O B c n c K H X K H O K C s a c a M y p a x o M : B y p a b CxpauHMnpo- mccxo! M c b y c p n c K O M x o c h o a o m n o m x o j e 6 h o K p y n n c a H H KpajB.
Bnh, a H KHea JIaaap, 6 h cpcAHiin o a h o c c c TypHHMa, a o k j e T e p x K O I M o i ^ a cy TspxKO I n JIaaap 6hjih noseaanH ca KpajSHHHHHM
o c x a o y nenpHJaxeibCKHM OAHocHMa. B p a K O M B y p b a I I C x p a u H M H p o B H h a n p o x H B H H U H M a , KOJH c y HM 6 h j i h c y c c A H , M O ^ A a c y h m n p y j K a j i H h j i h
H J c j i e n e aSjinJicHJin c y c e K n e a J I a a a p h r o c n o A a p 3 e x e , ajiH xo HHJe o S e h a s a j i H n o A p i U K y , n a A O K y M c n a x a c e t o h c b h a h cbc a o BCJiHKor
cMcraJio J I a a a p y Aa o c x a n e n o B c a a n n c a T b p x k o m I , npe c B c r a , y aa- c y K o 6 a | k o a F o p j a n a y C j i a B O H H j n K a A a c y K p a j B H u e a a p o 6 n . e H e , a HjH-
jcAHHHKOJ nojiHXHHH n p c M a yHyxpaui'H.HM 6 o p 6 a M a y Y r a p c K O J , K o j e c y x o s H n p B H capaAHraiH no6HJeHH hjih a a p o S j s c H H (25. j y j i a 1386). H a
c e 6 a m y Jiexo 1386. a a o m x p H J i e aapo5jBaBaH>eM K p a j t H u a , aaxHM y 6 H - rpaHHuaMa CpGnje c y K o S n c y hohcjih pannje, najseposaxHHJe o a Mapxa
cxBOM c x a p e Kpajfenne J e j i n c a B e x e , AOJiacKOM ^ n x M y n A a J I y K c e M 6 y p m K o r AO j y j i a 1 3 8 6 . r o A n n e . Y 6 p a o n o c j i e c M p i n K p a j B a J l y A o s H K a 6 h o j e n o -
HXAi K a K O c y n o A e J i e n n o j i a p H a a n n j e a o k o j h x j e A o m . n o y c J i C A c h n M c x a s j i C H a a M a H B a n c K o r 6 a H a CTe4>aH, c h h O n j i n n a o a K o p o b a , a j i n n n j e
M c c e i p m a 6 h x h o yxHnajie n n a o a h o c c y o n n K o c o b c k c 6HXKe, MopaMo M o r a o A a s p m n x y c[)yHKU[HJy. Y M a n s a n c K o j 6 a H O B H H H c e y q s p c T H O
HM n o c B C X H X H H y H y na>icHjy. JIaAHCAas, 5 p a x H e K a A a m i b c r 6 a H a H B a n r a n a X o p B a x a n AP>Kao j e y
SaxBajtyjyhn yxapcKHM noBejBaMa, AOKyMcnxHMa MJiexaHKor ap- CBOJHM p y K a M a K p a j b C s c K e r p a A o s e . C x e ^ J a n K o p o b j e y c n e o o p y j K J C M
xHBa H KaansaftHMa napaxHBHHx n a s o p a , Aorabajn c y noanaxn y on- Aa nospaxH KpajsescKc xpaAose: E n x s y , KynHHHK n BeorpaA. HarjieAa
urTHM K O H x y p a M a , O H p x a n n k p h x h h k h n p e s n m e o a c x o x H n y r o A H n a y no cscMy Aa je ycnex 5ho KpaxKoxpajan, jep cy H s a H m n X o p s a x , H s a -
paAOBHMa A. X y 6 e p a , O . PanKor, H . P y s a p u a , K . InpeneKa.'^' H o B a r p a b a n n m n a j i H ^ n a c a bcjihkom bojcko.m A o m n H y n o M o h JlaAHCnaBy, n p o r n a -
je oMoryhHjia Aa ce noHemxo AonyHH h npennaHpa, naponnxo xponojio- JiH K p a j B i r a H H o r S a n a n p c K o Case h onycxomnJiH iterose hoccac y Ho-
r n j a nojeAHHHx A o r a b a j a . H e y n y m x a j y h n ce y n o A p o S n o n a n a r a f t c Ay- :HcemKOJ h B y K O s c K o j H c y n a H H J H . O a m c x h h h h c y A o m j m MaK a o Apase
r o x p a J H H x S o p S n y Y r a p c K O j , o d p a x K h c M O na>K:H>y c a M o o n o M C m x o j e H .acejicjiH A a n p e b y p c K y , a j i n h m c e x y c y n p o T C T a s n o C T C ^ a n h n a T C -
n o B 0 3 a H O c a K n e a o M J I a a a p o M h K p a J t e M T s p x K O M I , n m x o j e moxjio p a o HX y S c K C T s o . * * C s e c e t o a c c h j i o n p e n a n a A a k o a F o p j a n a ( 2 5 . j y n n
\THiiaTH n a c n x y a n n j y K a K B a j e 6HJia y o n n K o c o b c k c O h x k c . 1 3 8 6 ) , XAC c e y n p a x H i H K p a j s H u a a a A C C H O h M a - y B a n c K H 6 a H , k o j h j e
O a h o c h n a c n c b c H H n a B p c M c n a K p a j t a J l y A O s n K a I MeH>ajiH c y c e n o c x a o 3apo6jbeHHK OAMexHHKa h K a o c y ^ K a n , n p o s e o C K o p o roAHny
n a r a n o . J o m n p e C B C H a n o c x H o n J i a K H B a H , a KpaA>a, y c e n T e M 6 p y 1 3 8 2 , A a n a . * KpajbHHc h A p y m aapoSjbCHHaH o a s c a c h h c y y FyMHHK, aaxHM
J],y5poB'qaHH c y O A n y q n j i n A a n n m y K p a i t H n n n B e j i H K a m n M a MOJiehn Y H o B H r p a A h n o v H x c j B , a K p a j t H M H H H h p o x h b h h h h c y , n o H.eHHM p e -
A a HX K p a j B H u a n p e n o p y w „ r o o n o A H H y K n e a y J I a a a p y " .''^ T o c b c a o h h qHMa. noTMnnnjiH K p a j b c s c x s a X p s a x c K c , A a J i M a u H j e , C j i a B o n n j e , M a n -
o y x j i c A y H c n a a n K n e a a J l a a a p a , a i m n o iH>eroBOM M C C x y y x n j e p a p - sancKH H CcBepHHCKH Sanax h H o ^ e m K y ;KynaHHJy. BeoMa ce Mano ana
x n j c K O M c n c x e M y k o j h c e 4>opMHpao y s p c M e J l y A O B H K a I . H c k o BpcMc, o AorabaJHMa y j e c e i t H M n anMCKHM McceuHMa. 0 6 e c x p a n e c y o6e36e-
M o ^ a HaK ABe-xpn roAnne, KHca JIaaap j e ocxao jiojajian MapHJH, n a - b n s a j i e caBcaHHKe: y B c h c h h j h JKHXMyHA J I y K c e M 5 y p m K H , k o j h ce 5 o p H
cjieAHHHH JlyAOBHROBOJ n a y r a p c K O M n p e c x o n y . H a 6ocaHCKOj c x p a n n 3 a o c j i o S o b e i t e c s o j e K p a j b C B C K C c y n p y r e ; y Jy.>KHoj H x a j i n J H h 6 o c a H -
c e j o m 6ojBe b h a h K a K o c y aaxeMCHH o a h o c h o A P ^ K a s a n H j o m h c k o s p e - cKO[j K p a i t e B i m H o c b c t h h i i h K a p j i a A p a ^ K o r , k o j h c e 5 o p e a a H > e r o B o r
M e . T p H XOAHHC n o c j i e J l y A o s H K O s e C M p x n T s p x K o j e H a r j i a m a s a o c s o j e C H H a M a j i o j i e x H o r J l a A H c n a B a . H s a H H m X o p s a x n a c x y n a o j e K a o H>eroB
P o a S h h c k c seae c a y r a p c K H M AsopoM. Y noBCJtH aa BcHenHJanHe, naAa- HaMCCHHK.
xoj 23. aBxycxa 1385, o n n o x q m i a B a f t e K o x o p a (y npexxoAHOJ roAHnn)
c x a B J B a y k o h x c k c x Q 5 H a B j b a H . a c p n c K o r K p a j B e s c x B a : „MHJiomhy m x c A p e
oAJiyKC E o ^ j e h n p e c j i a s n e n a m e c e c x p e KpajtHue Y r a p c K C , xpaA ^ ^ ^ ^ *5 noflBMr C T e ^ j a n a K o p o ^ a o n n c a n j e y flBe KpajteBCKe nosejbe, jeflHOj
n p c A a K a K o x o p , c p e h n o (je) n p e m a o y n a m e p y K e a a BCHHxa B p c M e n a " . Ofl 6. a s r y c x a 1387 (T. O r t v a y , Oklevelek Temesvdrmegye es Temesvdr vdros
tortinetihez I, (1183—1430), P o z s o n y 1896, 148) M flpyroj Ofl 28. a n p i u i a 1388 ( G .
F e j e r , Codex diplomaticus regni Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac civilis X/1, 414—420-
flMHMh, Od/iyKe eeha II, 298, 300.
E . M a l y u s z , Zsigmondkori okleviltdr I (1387—1399), B u d a p e s t 1951, Ns 171 m 519)'.
nopefl paflOBa naBefleHMX y n a n . 2 m 3, y n . F . R a C k i , Pokret na slaven- flBe noBejte c e flonyitaBajy y nojeflMHOCTMMa m Tpe6a ynopeflo na ce Kopncxe, n a -
skom jugu koncem XIV i pocetkom XV stoljeca. H a d J A Z U 2 (1868) 68—160; POHMTO 36or y i B p ^ M B a a a xpoHOJiorwje.
3 (1868) 65—156; 4 (1868) 1—103; A . H u b e r , Die Gefangennehmung der Komginnen
Elisabeth und Maria von Ungarn und die Kiimpfe Konig Sigismunds gegen die « n p s a j e J . KajiMh-MHjyuiKOBHh, Eeozpad y cpedtheju eeKy, Beorpafl 1967
neapolitanische Partei und die iibrigen Reichsfeinde in den Jahren 1386—1395, 364, Han. 29, y n o s o p m i a fla j e y o6e nosejbe eniisofla CTaBJtena npe 3apo6ji,aBaH.a
A r c h i v fur o s t e r r e i c h i s c h e G e s c h i c h t e 66 (1885) 509—548; K . Jnpe^eK, Mcropuja KpaJbH^a, M fla j e Tpe6a cTaBMTM y nepnofl npe j y j i a 1386. roflWHe. T o n e ce Mosce
flOflaTM OKOJHOCT fla j e C i e ^ a H K o p o g 6mo laefty sapoSjteHiiM BeJiMKaniMMa, fla j e
Cp6a I, Beorpafl 1952, 32—234. , ^ .
OHO cyafcaa CKopo roflWHy flana, x a K o n o B e j t a K a x e m fla j e 3a Bpewce a e r o B o r
« flHHMh, OdAVKe eeha I, 246, 26. cenreMSpa 1 3 8 2 . . . de approbando et
3apo6ji.eHMmTBa HMKOJia FopjaHCKn Mjiafew MMeHOBan a a MaiBaHCKOr S a n a . Oxyfla
a p p r o b a t a s h a b e n d o l i t t e r a s d i r i g e n d a s i n V n g a r i a m hie l e c t a s i n e a f o r m a m q u a
l e HeoflpscMBa xpoHOJiornja y c s o j e n a ofl cxpane F . S i S i c a , Vojvoda Hrvoje Vukcic
s u n t lecte, h o c addito i n d i c t i s l i t t e r i s , v i d e l i c e t quod p e r d o m i n a m n o s t r a m do-
Hrvattnid i njegovo doba (1350—1416), Z a g r e b 1902, 60 M 254, n a n . 143, kojm qejio-
m i n a m r e g i n a m r e c o m e n d e m u r d. c o m i t i L a z a r o , b a r o n e s v e r o p r e c e m u r , u t p r e -
f S i " ° P^'^°'^3*^ ^ JyHCHO Ofl C a s e m npoflop flo flpane m oflSMjaae c x a s j B a y j y j i
dictam recomendacionem impetrent a dicta domina regina.
1387. paMynajyhM c a xeK ocjioBo^eHMM CxedJanoM Kopo^eM, hjim oh Bwme n n j e 6mo
*3 o uinpoj nojiMTHHKoj nosaflMHM HacTaHKa OBor flOKyMeHTa y n . Mcropuja MaHBaacKM 6aH.
Ilpne Tope II, 2, TMTOrpafl 1970, 34—43 (C. 'RHpKOBMh).
 KocoBCKa 6HXKa y Me^ynapoflHOM KOHxeKcxy 63
62

" Y6hctbo cxape KpaibHije, JcjiHcaBcxe KoxpoMannh, Koja je yAae- Aajio A a s j i a A a p Bocne cbc t o HUHH y hmc JlaAHCjiana HanyjbcicoF. T o cy
jbCHa cpcAHHOM j a n y a p a 1387, n o j a M a s a aKXHSHOcxii n a o 6 e c x p a n e . . ^ n r - napoHHXo HaFJiamasajiH BeHeHnjamiH."^
iiynA OKynjba npncxaJiHue n 31. Mapxa 1387. y Cxohom BeorpaAy Kpy- Sanjiexeny ncxopnjy OAHOca K p a J b a T s p x K a c a Aa.n-MaTHHCKHM xpa-
ininie ce 3a Kpajba. MaMBancKn 6aH nocxaje HnKOJia FopjaHCKH Mnafen, AOBHMa H x p s a x c K H M BCJiHKamHMa ne mo^icc.mo o b a c onmnpHnje npHKa-
CHH najiaxHHa y6HJ6Hor npexxoAHC foahhc koa Fopjana. On ce n a Mcny a n s a x H , s e h c a M O HCXcihH HmfcCHHuy A a H e n p n j a x e j b c x s a n n c y n p e c x a j a j i a ,
OApcAa ynyhyje y xcMnniBapcKH Kpaj, fac cysBnja h noKopaaa oamct- Aa je TBpxKo CnjmhaHHMa, kojh cy ce naJAy^KC o n n p a n n , nocxasHO
HHKC, a 3axH.\ n p c j i a 3 H n p c K O A y H a s a y CpCxM f a c je nonpHnrre 6op6H Kona^HH poK aa npcAajy 15. j y n n 1 3 8 9 , JXau cbcxox Enxa. H a Apyroj
KOA T s p b a B c ^ e p c B H l i . H B a H H i H X o p s a x je xy npexpnco nopas, n Hauiao c x p a n n , K p a j b ^ K n x M y n A j e y x o spCxMC n p n n p e M a o s o j c K y aa h o x o a npo-
cKjiOHHUixe y o o j i h ^ k h j C M H - a o K y , .MaAa j e ^epesHh ocxao y pyKaMa H.e- thb HesepnoF 6ocaHCKOF 6aHa.'"
roBHx JByAH. H c K C H>eroBe iicxaKHyxe npHcxaJiHae c y sapoSibene h no- Ha cesepy je nonpHmTc 6HJIO na Casn n AynaBy. HaJiojKCHO je
cjiaxe Kpajby ^nxMyHAy aajcAHo ca aaciasoM JlaAHCjiasa HanyjtCKOF."* 6hjio kojihko ce na OHyBannx AOKyMcnaxa bhah, napo^HTO noApy^je
HeMa eJicMCHaxa a a npennaHo AaxHpatte obhx Aorabaja, ohh ce Mory HaMeby Bocyxa h Case komc ce mofjio npniin ca xcpnxopHJe Eochc h
caMO OKBHpno cMecxHXH y Kpaj anpHna hjih Maj 1387, csaKaKO, npe Cp6HJe y spcMc KaA je x e p n x o p n j a MaMsancKC 6aHOBHHe 6Hjia h o a cpn-
bccxh o KpaJBHMHHOM ocjio6obeH.y. I CKOM KOHXpOJIOM. n p O T H B H H H H ^HFMVHAa H MapHJC Cy ya nOMOh CBO-
O36HJBH0 yxpo^jKCH, HBannni Xopsax ce npc6auHO na HjioKa y JHX caseanHKa noKymasajni Aa n p o S n j y rpannuy h nanecy mxexy okoji-
Ho^Kervf, fac Fa j e MJiaAH M a n s a H C K H San onccAao. TaAa cy HsaHHUiy HHM ^ynannjaMa. Y naSpajaity aacjiyxa sejiHKama kojh cy HysanH
npHCKOHHjiH y noMoh CpoH HanaAOM na MaMsancKy Ganosnny n yrpo- rpaHHuy nasoAC ce oBaKsn ynaAH, kojh ce xcmKo xponojiomKH yxsp-
>KasaiieM yxapcKHx FpaHHiia. F o p j a n c K H je, nanMc, ycneo Aa Ao6HJe y byjy. 06paajia>KyhH KOH4)HCKOBaite n o c c A a nopoAnne KopnaA, KOJa ce
cBoje pyKC HsaHHina X o p s a x a Kao xaoua h jcMna Aa he KpaitHHe 6 h x h HcxHiiajia Meby KpajinnnnnM npoxHBHHUHMa, cnoMHH>e c e n p e n a A Hsa-
ocjioSobcHc (cxapa KpajtHna je anaxno pannje yoHJena, ajin ce xo jom Hnma KopnaAa ca 6ocaHCKHM rnna-MaxnuHMa y noApynje Bocyxa, Koje
HHJe n o y a A a n o anajio). npHcnjteH Aa no^icypH A a nanaAne Cp5e y MaM- cy 6panHnH A o m h h h k Boxom n HnKOJia X a p a n K . HanaAaMH c y 6hjih no-
saHCKoj 6anoBHHH, FopjancKH je ApaFoncHOF cy>KH>a npcAao aanoBCA- pa^enn, aanoscAnHK yxsahen ii nocjiax Kpajby ^HXMyHAy y ByAHM,
HHKy Apyre sojcKC C;re4)aHy, c n n y b o j b o a c AnoHHCHJa, k o j h je noxaJHO FAC cy ra kohjH syKnn ymma-Ma, aaxHM je y S n j e n , paumepeHeH n nano-
6ho HesepHHK n nycxno aapooJbCHHKa Aa no6eFHe y Eocny. BepoBaxHo >KleH K a o onoMcna APyxHMa.^
ca OBHM cpncKHM HanaAOM na MaysancKy SanosnHy xpe6a noseaaxH Apyrn ynaA y hcxo noApynje (Bazakuz) npHnncyje ce HsaHnmy
npHHaHjC Op6HHOBOF H a s o p a o xomc Aa je KHca JIaaap nocxao rocnoAap Xopsaxy n ncKOJiHitHHH c a p a A H H K a (JIaAHCJias SexjiaK, Cxe4)aH XcAcp-
BeorpaAa, nasoAHO nocjie c.MpxH KpajBa JlyAOBHKa, Aa je paaopno xsp- BapH, E e p n c j i a s , cHnosaii H B a n n m a naiiH>K,He). K a o h , h x o b h noMohnnuH
basy H ocBOJHO Mansy.'''' FopjancKH xpeSa Aa je aamxnxno rpannHy oa napHHiHxo ce nasoAC „6ea6poJHH n a r a H n h iHHaMaximn 6ocaHCKH h pa-
Cp5a, noBpaxHo je ^epesHh, Baicoso, Komsap (KomKa koa BajinoBa) mancKH". H a h.hx je K p e n y j i a s o j c K a .^SCnrMyHAOSHx npncxajmna Kojoj
H .^HFMyHAOBe n p o x H B H H K C npHCHJiHO A a c e CKJIOHC y Eocny. cy n a HCAy 6 h j i h H n K O J i a F o p j a n c K H M j i a b n h <I>HjiHn K o p o b , caAamiBH
Hocjie Heycnexa y CnasoimJH h CpcMy XopsaxH h ibHxoBe npncxa- H H C K a A a m i i H MaMBancKH 5aH. Kpajtese sojcKOsobc c y OAHCJie no6eAy,
nmxe cy Mopajin Aa ce ocjione na Eocny n lienor KpaJta, k o j h je 1387. HBanmn Xopsax ce j c A s a cnacao, a o k cy Apyrn sejiHKamn 3apo6jbeHH
aanoMeo ocsajaifea y X p s a x c K o j h Aa.TiMaHHJH. O a j y - ^ a , K a A a j e ocbojch H nocAaxH Kpajsy ^HFMynAy Aa 6yAy Ka>KH>eHH.'' Aok ce onaj npex-
Kjihc, Moxy ce y rpySnM Hpxa.Ma npaxnxn TBpxKose aicunje npcMa AaJi- xoAHH HanaA y o n m x e n e Aaje xponojiomKH npennaHpaxH, osaj ce cxasiba
waxKHCKHM rpaAOBHAia H X p s a x c K o j . Onn.Ma k o j h 6 h ce noKopHUH KpaJb y asrycx—cenTeM6ap 1387, n p c M a noAannMa o Kpexaiiy rjiasnnx jihh-
je K a o FOonoAap noxspbnBao noB.TiacxHHe, a a x x c B a o je Aa nasece itCFOse HOCXH.^ H a r j i C A a A a nocne xoxa nopaaa h hofhohjc soAchnx hhhhocxh.
aacxase, AapHsao je noccAC h npecybnsao. Y rpaAosHMa k o j h 6 h ce no-
KopnnH xnryjiHcaH je Kao Kpajb Aa.TiMaHHJe h Xpsaxcice, a xpaACKc
Hcnpase Aaxosane c y n o HjCFOboj BAaAH. H n a K , o k o j i h o m c s e x y j e narjie- *8 o T b p x k o b o m p a i O B a a y m B j i a f l a a y y flajiMai^MJM m XpBaxcKOj nocroJM
noce6HO MCxpascHBaifce M . A n n n h a , Bosanska vlast u Hrvatskoj i Dalmaciji 1387—
—1394, Beorpafl 1985 (HeoSjaBJbeHM MarMCxapcKM pafl).
Y n . "HiipKOBMh, McTopuja cpedJhoaeKOBHe CocancKe dpoicaee, 156—157.
5" F e j e r , Codex diplomaticus X/1, 4 2 6 - ^ 3 0 .
^ 3 a c j i y r e HwKOJie TopjaHCKor Mjiaijer, a HeKafl m i t e r o B o r S p a x a J o B a n a , " S t a r i n e 39, 279.
HaBoSene c y y HMTaBOM mtsy KpaJbeBCKWx n o s e j b a , Koje SejiescM nosHaxM flMnjio- 52 H a OBe aaBpuine 6op6e y KojnMa c y 3apo5ji.eHn aanoneflnimM n a xaSopa
Maxap o oflHOCMMa C p S n j e m Y r a p c K e y cpeflifceM Beny: L . T h a l l o c z y — A . A l d d s y , MBaHMiua X o p s a x a , CBaKaKo ce OflHOCH HeaanaHceno w a j i a r a i i e (JmpenxMHCKe Cro-
A MagyaroTSzag es Szerbia kozti osszekottetesek okleveltdra 1198—3526, B u d a p e s t nica volgare di Anonimo Fiorentino, ed. E . B e l l o n d i , R I S - 27, C i t t a di C a s t e l l o 1915,
1907, JVs 75, 99, 104; oniimpHo c y HaBeflene one U3 p a n o r nepMOfla y noBeJBM ofl 1. 56, nofl roflMHOM 1387. 6e3 nper(M3Hnjer flaxyMa. B p a h a j y h M ce no xpehw n y x y n y -
a B r y c x a 1406. m a a J o s a H a MapoxHja (MopoBMhKM), o5jaBJbeHa y F . S i s i c , Nekoliko xpauiftHM 6op6aMa y Y r a p c K o j HenoanaxM xpoHMiap SejiescM cyKo6 d a n a MBaHPona
isprava iz pocetka XV stoljeca, S t a r i n e 39 (1938) 230—233, 276—286. IIOBejbe o 6 j a B - ( C i a m b a n o ) n c n n a y6MJeHor najiaxMHa ( G r a n C o n t e ) : E r a n o coloro c ' a s s a l i r o n o
jheHe y OejepoBOM aSopHMKy mckopmcxmo j e B e h A . X y 6 e p y CBOjoj hhohmpckoj q u a s i t u t t i d e l l a gente d e l figliuolo d e l G r a c C o n t e ; i l q u a l e e r a istato m o r t o d a l
pacnpaBM HasefleHOj y n a n . 4 1 . detto G i a m b a n o , come e detto d i s o p r a , e p e r q u e l l o a n i m o s a m e n t e c o m b a t t e a n o ; e
O r b i n i , uae. deno, 312, npcBOfl 94, KOMenxap 329. J . Kajiwh—MMJyuiKOBHh poi c h e d a c i a s c u n a d e l l e p a r t i furono m o l t i m o r t i , f i n a l m e n t e G i a m b a n o e'suoi
nae. deAO, 79. furono v i n t i e s c o n f i t t i , e q u a s i t u t t i m o r t i o prosi. M a p u r e G i a m b a n o s i fuggl e
 J-!K;>, !„• C . M. TlMpKOBMh K o c o B C K a 6 n T K a y MebynapoflHOM KOHxeKcxy
64 6-5

npoTHBHHUH MapHJe H >KHrMyHAa cMaH>yjy caojy aKXHSHOCT r a K o na HCXHcnyo.^ Y OAMcpasaity xpoHOJiornje, nacxojaity Aa ce yxapAH Aa JIH
yrapcKOM KpaJbeacKOM n a p y rjiaann npoxHaHHqH ocxajy Kpajb TapxKo I je OBO noMHpeite 6HJIO OJIHJKC nJiaHnpano-M ^HrMynAOBOM noxoAy y
u KHea JIaaap. 4)e5pyapy HJIH K H O K C B O J nornoHJH y jyny, xpe6a HMaxH n a yMy Aa naM
0 AejioaaH>y Kneaa Jlaaapa ocxao je canyaaH naacHixaj Kacxcjiana je canysano nynoMohjc, Kojc je Kpaji, ^HrayHA HaAao 7. jyJia 1389.
rpaaai K o a n n a o TOMC na JBYAH KHcaa Jlaaapa nana^ajy rpaa rojry6an, H H K O J I H TopjancKOM MnabcM aa npcrosope c a ByKOM BpanKOSHheM. IIpe-
na r a x y K y oncaUHHM cnpaaaMa ( H U H x o H o a H M a ) H na cy nocaAy AOBCJIH Ma xcKcxy HnKOJia je OAJiaano ..njicMCHnxoM roanoAnny ByKy SOJBOAH,
y xe^aK nojiooKaj. I I H C . M O je aaxoaano H O K P C X H H M npaannKOM (^an H O - acxy sejicMo^nora My.aca Jlaaapa, KHeaa PamKc", ca aaAaxKOM Aa npe-

cjie a p y r e Hcaejic BejiHKor nocxa — dominica Oculi), K O J H y roAHHaMa roBapa o cxsapnMa „Koje c y n a Kopncx s a m y n pamice acMjbc".* Bepo-
aaxHo je xo npoAy^JKCxaK n p e r o a o p a H pemetba nocTHXHyxHX c a KneaoM
Koje AOJiaae y o 6 3 H p (1387, 1388, 1389) HaA.a y M c c e n M a p x (HJIH 2. H H H
Jlaaapau Kao mxo je npexnocxasjBao K. Inpe^ieK.
13. HUH 22). K a K O j e n a n a a n a Ma^aaHCKy 5aHoaHHy 1387. 6HO, caaKaKo,
KaoHHJe, HcrAC yoHH ocjio6obeH>a KpajbHue (nonexaK jyna 1387), ocxajy Y OAHOCHMa T s p x K a I c a KpaxbCM > K H r M y H A O M HCMa x a K s e npoMcne.
Kao aepoaaxHHJe 1388. H 1389. roAnna. 0 H c n p H J a x e j b c x a y Hamefey KHcaa M o ^ a on o nperosopHMa JlaaapesHM HHJC 6 H O H H ofiasemxen. Y caa-
Jlaaapa H Kpajta ^HrMynAa roaopn H JCAHO xanno Aaxnpano HHC.MO KOMJ c j i y ^ a j y x o nnje npoMcnnjio iteroB OAHOC npcMa JIaaapy, xaKO Aa
OA 24. ^eSpyapa 1389. FOAHHC.'^ Y H.CMy ce najia^e ABOJHUH njicMnha nnje OAycxao O A cjiaaa noMohnor OApcAa na Kocoao. On je, yocxajioM,
Aa ce 6pHHy o n y a a i t y npojiaaa H M c c x a Ba>KHHx aa OA6paHy CnaBOHHJe, ca TypHHMa H.Mao O A a o j e n n JiOKannn cyAap jom cpcAHHOM 1388. XOAH-
jeip ce caanajio Aa HaaHHiu Xopaax H HBanHiu najiH.>KHa naMcpaaajy HC. OAaano je noanaxa 6cjiemKa Ay6poaaMKor JiexonHcua, no Kojoj je
Aa npoaane y CjiaaoHHJy. Kpajb o6aBcmxaaa Aa nojiaan na Jlaaapa „Aa 6ocaHCKH BOJaoAa BnaxKO ByKosnh noxyKao TypKC K O A BnJiehe 27.
6H r a cnpcHHjiH Aa n a n a A a naiue KpaJteacxao H Aa 6 H r a npncHJinnH Aa ce asrycxa 1388. r o A n n e . " H>y noxspbyjy H AoncKne ncnpaajtajy (cyAap je
noKopaaa naiuHM HapebcitHMa". 6HO 2—3 Aana pannje) noAaim na aanncHHKa AySposaMKHx aeha na xnx
Hmnxa/ ce He a n a o xo.vie K a K o j e npouiao Kpajbca HOXOA, aKo ra Aana. H a HJHX c e B H A H A a c y T y p n n 6 H J I H y A p y u i T s y c a J s y A H M a Bypba
je yonmxe npcAyaHMao, a n n ce a n a Aa c y ce O A H O C H naMcby ^CnrMynAa I I CxpaHHMHpoBHha Bajimnha, MHJH je nocjianHK nocpcAosao aa Ay6poB-
H Jlaaapa npoMcnnjiH nexAC na.Meby O B o r a AaxyMa n K H O K C B C norH6HJe. Mane K O A x y p c K o r a a n o B C A H n K a D l a x H H a , H Aa c y A y ^ p o s ^ a H H yxsahene
HaSpajajyhH MHoro6poJHe aacjiyre HHICOJIC TopjancKor Mjiaber, Kpajb Ap6anace npcAasajiH BypbesHM JbyAH.Ma.^ Toxoso Aa ne MOJKC 6HXH
^HTMynA ce y CBOJHM noaeitaMa eeha Aa je on „JIaaapa, KHCsa Kpa- cyMH>e y xo Aa cy T y p i j H npOApJiH y TapxKoay AP>Kaay na noACXHHaj
JbCBCxaa P a m K C , K O J H c e n a H C K H n a n n n H a a y K a o HCHOA name jypncAHK- Bypba II CxpaHHMHpoBHha. BHO jc xo nacxaaaK AyroroAHinifeer paxo-
UHJe, concxBCHOM MapjbHBomhy H Sjiaromhy npnayKao H O A OKpnjbc na- Baiia H HenpHJaxejbCxaa TapxKoaor c BanmnhnMa, Koje ce napoHHXO
mer aeJiHyaHcxaa, xaKO Aa je o6ehao Aa he one cjiy>K6c n Aa^Snne aaomxpnjio nocJie aayanMaiia Koxopa. OA xypcKor noxoAa y asrycxy
KOJe, j e aa >KHaoxa Kpajta JlyAoanKa, xacxa H ona namcra, 6HO npnny- 1388. o6e cxpane noKaayjy snme HOMHPJBHBOCXH, xaKO Aa AySposaMKH
ben Aa apmH n ruiaha, naapmaBaxn n nnahaxH naMa".^ IIoxapAy aa nocnaHHHH y BOCHH y jecen 1388. nperosapajy „o cjioan n npHJaxcjB-
cpebHBaibe OAHOca y OBOM C.MHCJIV M O X C C M O Hahn y nojio>Kajy MaMBan- cxsy" nocpcAyjybn naMcby aasabene rocnoAC. HpcroaopH cy ce, csa-
CKC 6aHOBHHe. T C K KaA je KHca JIaaap noxHHyo, HaaHHm Xopsax je KaKO, nacxasHJiH n y Mapxy 1389. Kaaa je SocancKH KHca MnpKO Pa-
aayaeo AHCxpHKxe Mavay n BCJIHH H A P ^ a o H X A O K ra TopjaHCKH nnje Aojeanh, HHJH he C H H Kacnnje nornHyxn Ha Kocosy, nyxosao npcKO
AySpoBHHKa y 3exy.^ HoMnpeite c TapxKOM y MCceuHMa npe 6HTKe
MOXJIO je oxaopnxH nyx Bypby II CxpaHnMnpoanhy Mcby caaeaHHKe
s c a m p 6 , f r a ' q u a l i p r e s i furono m o l t i g e n t i l i c n o b i l i u o m e n i u n g h e r i e q u a s i tutti nai Kocoay. Mopa ce, McbyxHM, n.MaxH y BHAY Aa je on 6 H O cyjixanoB
di q u e l l a s e t t a d i G i a m b a n o , d e ' q u a l i , c h e p r e s i v e n n e r o , gli f e ' m e t t e r e i n pregione;
e poi l a s e r a , c h ' e r a g i a notte, fe t a g l i a r e l a testa a t r e n t a c i n q u e ; e poi a p o c h i di
fece a n c h e t a g l i a r e l a t e s t a a Otto (xaKo y MSflaiiy yiaecTO otto, ocain); l a q u a l
cosa, c o m e G i a m b a n o seppe, c o n poca b r i g a t a se n'ando i n B o s s i n a e q u i v i s i stette 55 H a MCTOM Mecxy: D u m itaque post h e c e x p r e s e n t i s l a b i l i s m u n d i c o n c i t a -
s a n z a f a r p i i i g u e r r a ; n e l p a e s e i detti m o r t i f u r o n tutti d e l l a s e t t a del re C a r l o c i o n e O m o r a t h T u r k o r u m i m p e r a t o r c u m ipso L a z a r o k e n e z i o g r a n d e c o m m i s i s s e t
terzo. b e l l u m et i n e o d e m b e l l o i p s i O m o r a t h et L a z a r u s s u p p l i c i u m m o r t i s p a s s i e x t i t i s -
53 OflaBHO oBjaBJbeno nwcMO o n a n a n y n a ToJiySai; n p e n e o c a n y qejiHHH y sent, p r e t a x a t u s J o h a n n e s b a n u s n o s t e r i n f i d e l i s , p r e t e n d e n s se i n s u i s d e t e s t a b i l i -
KftMHCMi^H roAy6au y cpedrbCM eeKy, I l o s c a p e B a i i 1968, 29—30, flaxyjyhH r a O K B M P H O y b u s a c t i b u s e x a l t a r i posse, p o s t h u i u s m o d i c o n f l i c t u m d i s t r i c t u s n o s t r o s de B e l e e n et
de IVIacho r a b i d e i n v a d e r e et o c c u p a r e n o n e x p a v i t , q u e m p r e a l l e g a t u s N i c o l a u s ,
nepHOfl 1382—1389. I I M C M O K p a j t a XCMrMyHfla oSjaBJbeno j e BHme n y r a , HajxanHMje
t u n c b a n u s n o s t e r d e M a c h o , s u a c u m p o t e n c i a i n v a d e n s et e u n d e m e x i n d e e i c i e n s ,
y: A . S z t a r a y — G . N a g y , A nagymihdlyi es sztarai grof Sztdray csalad oklevel
ipsosque d i s t r i c t u s de m a n i b u s i p s i u s i n f i d e l i s m i l i t a r i t e r et v i r t u o s e e r i p i e n s , n o s -
tdra I, B u d a p e s t 1887, 485: c u m q u e nos de p r e s e n t ! c o n t r a L a z a r u m p r o f i c i s c i m u r ,
t r i s s u b i u g a v i t d o m i n i o e l d i c i o n i . Hpenoff Ha H C X O M Mecxy y H a c x a s K y npexxofluor
e u m ab i n s u l t i b u s regno nostro h a c t e n u s i l l a t i s prohibendo, e u m q u e ad n o s t r a
OfljiOMKa.
m a n d a t a a s t r i n g e n d o [...].
F . SiSic, Nekoliko isprava [...], S t a r i n e 39 (1938) 279: I d e m , N i c o l a u s de 58 llMCMO j e oSjaBJbeno y : J : G e l c i c h — L . T h a l l 6 c z y , Raguza is Magyaroszdg
v i r t u t e i n v i r t u t e m g r a d a t i m ascedens, L a z a r u m k e n e z i u m r e g n i R a s c i e , q u i quodam osszekbtteUseinek okleviltdra, B u d a p e s t 1887, 113—114.
5' Annales Ragusini Anonymi item Nicolai de Ragnina, e d . S . Nodilo, 48.
m o d o a i u r i s d i c c i o n e n o s t r a se r e t r a x e r a t , h u m a n i t a t e et i n d u s t r i a s u i s p r o p r i i s i n
58 PejiesaHXHe ofljiyKe flySpoBaHKMX Beha y : AMHMh, OdAyne eeha II, 4 4 0 — 4 4 3 ,
s i n u m r e d u x i t n o s t r e m a i e s t a t i s , i l i a s e r v i c i a et e a s d e m d a c i a s , quas et que v i v e n t e
480, o flaxyMy M HOJIMXMHKOM KOHxeKcxy y n . "RMpKOBwh, Mcropuja cpedtboeeKoeHe
d o m i n o rege L o d o v i c o , socero et p a t r e n o s t r o , e i d e m facere et d a r e a s t r i c t u s fuerat,
Soca-HCKe dpxaee, 157—159.
n o b i s s o l u t u r u m et e x h i b i t u r u m . IIpeBOA y : EUTKO na Kocoey 1389. lodune, 174—
59 "RMpKOBMh, Mcropuja cpedHyoeeKoene eocancKe dpoKaee, 159. ^ ».
—175.
 TiV-'lK^; !"..Hv:K<3H'{fl0J C. M. TlMpKOBMh KocoBCKa OMTKa y MehyHapoflHOM KOHTeKcry m
66
B a a a i , n a j e MaJio BepoBaxno p,a c v c e o n H J I H l i e r o s a BOJCKa aajxecnjiH BpH>Ka>HBO aaijieaaibe y KonKpexHc o K o a H o c r n , ya AiaRCHMaano
Y x p H u i h a n c K O M TaSopy. KopHmhcH^e naBopa, n o K a a y j e a a c e He Mory oap>KaxH a s a r a a B H a
Hal c a e r a I H T O j e ao caaa H a n e r o B H A H c e a a je xepHTopHJa O H H X c x y o a Ha icoJHMa c y noMHBaae n o i i y n a p u e n p e a c x a s e o K O C O B C K O J 6 H U H .
KOJH cy ce na K o c o B y cynpoxcxaBHJiH Mypaxy 6HJia y nonoHcajy n a - H c M a O C H O B C a a c e aaMHrnji^a K a o C V " K O 6 K p c x a H n o a y M e c c H a , K a o
Mcby HCKHha H HaKOBH.a, HSMcby M y p a x o B H x s a a a n a na jeanoj c x p a n n onmxH HcaaMCKO-xpumhancKH c y a a p nonyx pannx H noannx Kpcxam-
H K p a i b a ^ H T M y H a a n O H H X K O J H c y r a noapJKaBaiiH, na apyroj c x p a - KHx p a x o a a (KaKaB je O H O n o x o a a a a p m e i i O H X K O . M K o a H n K o n o J b a ) .
BlH^ CaMO oa ce6e c e naMche n n x a i i e n n j e a n n a M c b y a s e r p y n e n p o - Knea JIaaap H KpajB T a p x K O onan c y oacc^cHH o a x p n m h a H C K C Eapone
THBHHKa 6 H a o c a p a a i t e n y c K a a b n E a H j a a K u n j a . JJ^a xa6opa c y , n a - nojacoM noa a a a m h y H y x n u a j c M Kpajba y K H r M y n a a J I y K c c M 6 y p m K o r .
paBHo, Snaa n p o c x o p n o oaBOJena, n p H n a a a a a c y peanxHoano c y n p o x - noMCHH c x p a n a u a y x p n m h a n c K O A i x a o o p y pe4)iieKxyjy n p n c y c x a o no-
cxaBJbCHHM cBexoBHMa, Maaa j e y MypaxoBOM xaSopy 6 H a o x p i m i h a H - j c a H H a u a nan r p y n a y cay^Kon O H H X K O J H cy Sunn c a TapxKOM. H i i j e
CKHx B a a a a a , a xMcby xpninhaHCKHM ap>KaBaMa x y p c K H x npHJaxejba, n o c x o j a a a A i o r y h n o c r a a ce na Y r a p c K e icpajba >KHrMyHaa n p n K y n j b a j y
KaKBa/ j e y xo ao6a S n a a B c H c u n j a . HnaK, aKO je Kpajb ^ n x M y n a no- .Tbyan aa p a x o a a i b e c T y p u H M a , a a i i je oiiao .Moryhe yK."byMHXH paxHHKC
cxHraoi noMHpeite ca JIaaapoM Maao j e BeposaxHo a a j e H a H>exa no- Ha p c a q a a Kpa.-beBHX npoTHOUHKa KaiCBH cy Gnan H a a H n m Xopsax,
a n a a o T y p K C . Aan, c a T B P X K O M n n j e Snao noMHpeiBa, na H . e r a je KpaJB HaaHHLU naaH>KHa H a p y r n HCxaKHyxH oaMCXHHUH, n p n c x a a H H c Jlaan-
n o a n a a o BOJcKy, y BpcMC K a a c e B c h cpyMHaa oayja ca HCXOKa. 36HBa- caaaa H a n y j b C K o r . H^a H , H X ce Mory o I H O C H X H H O A I C H H Yrapa n a H He-
H>a c y c e n c K a K o a r y c n y a a O K O B n a o B a a H a 1389: TBpxKO I je Cnan- Aiana y naBopiiMa 6aH>KHM a o r a b a j y ; O H H K a c n n j n ne a a c a y j K y j y n a -
haniHMai Ha xaj aan nocxaBHO p o K a a n p e a a j y , Mypax I c e yoMH x o r a ;KH.y, napoHHXo x y p c K H xpoHUHapn ca orpoMHHM K a x a a o a n M a nenpn-
aana a a x c K a o na K o c o a y , Kpajb ^ K H r M y n a y xo a p c M c npHKyruba a o j c K y j a x e i b a H ne.MoryhiiM 6pojeBHx\ia p a x H H K a . "
npoiMiB! „6ocaHCKor S a n a " , K a K o o n n a a n a a T a p x K a . JJ,a a n j e c a e xo Apyxa n o n y j i a p n a aaSayaa n o x i m e oa, n p e n o m e i b a n p e a c x a e a n a
nyKal c a y n a J H o c x ? Moaepnor c a e x a nannja i i HaunonaaHHX ap^Kaaa na 6 H X H O apyKMHJn
HMaMO jeaan neHCKopHinhen n a a o p K O J H a n m e y n y h y j e n a x p a - c a e x y ao6a K O C O B C K C 6HXKe. Hpehyxno c e npexnocxaajba a a ce Typ-
r a i t e n e r o m x o n y a n o a r o a o p . Y c e n x e M 6 p y 1389. <J>paHMecKo Kapapa, UH.via c y n p o x c x a B H a a j e a n H c x B e n a c p n c K a . a p ^ a a a K O J O M j e aaaaao
6HBmH r o c n o a a p Haaoae, H36aHeH n a r p a a a H c a p x H y r c r o c n o a c r a a KHca JIasap, n a K o je o a a s n o n o a n a x o a a cy ce o c x a n n H C K a a a m i b e r
oa c x p a n e Ban-FaacaHa B n c K o n x H J a , paaMaxpao j e ca C B O J H M pobaKOM n p o c x p a n o r n a p c x a a n p e o G p a a n a H y ocaMocxajbCHC xepnxopHJe r o c n o -
CTe<|»aHOM KpHKHM ( O p a H K o n a n ) M o r y b n o c x n a a c e a p a x H y c a o j y ap- aapa H C j e a n a K o r p a n r a H H c j e a n a K c cnare.*^ Cxe^iaH T a p x K O I , Kpa.a.
Hcaay. Cxe<|)aH j e C B O M C caxoaopHHKy, naMcby o c x a a o r , c a a e x o a a o : „HaH- Cp6a H BocHC, H Cretan Knea J I a s a p , r o c n o a a p Cpoa H Hoaynaajba,
xe K p a j t y Bocne, K O J H M H O X O Mpan BncKOHTHJa (y x e K c r y j e : e l c u n t e HHcy a a a a a J i H j e a n o M H C X O M ap>KaBOA'i, H H B y K E p a n K o a n h K O J H ce
d e l Vertu, xj. C o m e s V i r t u t u m , HaaHMaK n o a K O J H M j e 6 H O n o a n a x ) 36or JIaaapy n o K o p a a a o icao C H H ouy, nnje ono naiuecnHK c a o r a xacxa, seh
n o M o h n K O J Y j e aao Typynny K a a je n a n a o peneHor K p a j t a . OH h e aaM caMOcxaaaii r o o n o a a p ca C B O J O M xepnxopHJOAj, a s o p o M , B O J C K O M H 4 ) H -
a a x ^ n o M o h H n o a p u i K y H MHHHhe xo p a a o n a m x e x y B n c K O H r a j a (del HaHCHJaAia.
conte di Vertu)". H p c n o a n a a a i b e cao;KeHocTn x p n m h a H C K o r xa5opa, HHaHBHayaano-
To.ce, n a p a a n o , Mopa o a n o c n x n n a K O C O B O , a a n je c y a m n e m x y p o CXH O H H X KOJH c y BojcKC c a K y H H a u H n p e a B o a H a n , H e o n x o a n o je a a
H HC aaje o c n o a e a a KOHKpexne a a K i b y ^ K C o X O M C KaKO je r o c n o a a p paayAieaaibc n o c j i e a H u a no n o j e a n H c yMccHHKe n p a a a n K a y r a e a a a y
Mnaana 6 H O y M c m a H y S a a K a n c K c n o c a o B e . B H C K O H T H je K a c n n j e 6 H O n a OHXKy H iben H c x o a . KpaJb T B P X K O je n a r y o n o aeo paxHHKa na Ko-
npHJi,a,xejb Bajaanxa n xo n n j e K p n o . Y apeMc K O J H M ce o a a e 6aBHMO c o a y , x p y a n o ce a a o x K y n n sapoojbeHHKc, ajin iberoBa c n a r a H H J C Snaa
OH j e 6 H O caaeaHHK B e n e n n j a H a H a , K O J H c y onex y oeo epeMe Cnnn oaOHJbHO y a a p A i a n a , na j c Morao a a nacxaBH a a s n o aanoMCxe 6op6e
caaeaHHHH K p a j t a yKHXMynaa, a n p o x H a n n n n C B H X n a a n o a a K O J H 5 H cai KpajbCM .JKHrMynaoM. Oxyaa j e O H Aiorao a a o 6 a B e m x a B a caoje c a -
M o r a K aoBCcxH ao xcmH>er noBeaHaaifca jeane H a p y r e o6aae J a a p a n a . BcsHHKe y O n p e H H H H C B O J C n o a a n i i K e y Tpornpy a a j e naaojesao
Hacynpox c a a e a y naMcby T a p x K a , Jlaaapa n B y K a ca jy^KHOHxaaHJan- n d o e a y , j e p Mypax je n o r n H y o , a C H H je H a n y c x n o 6 O J H O nojbc, .Maaa
CKHM A n ^ y J H H M a n n p o a y ^ e x K O M ao <I>HpeHue (oxyaa xoaHKO n n x e - He n e n o c p e a n o n o c a e O H X K C . Y iberoaoM HaBcmxaBaiby o xpHmhancKHAi
pecoaaifee aa 6 a a K a H C K a aCnBaita), Morao c e o6paaoBaxH c a a e a yKnr- H<pxBaAia: ..ya n o r n o H J y n a m n x aaH ne Ainornx", pe(|)aeKxyje c e c x a s
.wynaa, B e n e u H J e n BncKOHXHJa ca npoay>KexKOM ao n e K o r oa Mypa- npcMa K n e a y JIasapy, Kcnoirbcn j o m HapaanxHJc y saysii.Maiby MaMBaii-
T O B H X , a a a a a a A-icby 5aaKaHCKH<M xpHmhaHHxMa. Y caaKOM c a y q a j y , K a - CKe oaHOBHHe oa c x p a n e TapxicoBor c a B C s n u K a H c a p a a n n K a H a a n H m a
papa je o a a y q n o a a nac y E o c n y , a aaxHM y H c M a H K y , m x o a n a ™ a a
je O p a n K o n a H O B y c y r e c x a j y o36HJbHO cxaaxHo H a a j e MHcano a a c e Y n . cafla S. C i r k o v i c , O sastavu i snazi Lazarevog tabora na Kosovu, Voj-
nai TapXKOBOM c x a a y A I O K C r p a a n x n i i e K a n o a n x u K a . n o i s t o r i j s k i g l a s n i k 2 (1989) 151—168.
^2 H e K a BpcTa p n B a j i c x s a MSMe^y T B p x K a I M KHeaa J l a a a p a o ^ p T a B a ce Ha
njiaHy THxyjiapne CMMSojiMKe, m x o j e p a n n j e aanasceno. V pafly I^MX. y n a n . 8
ynoaopwo caM n a oflHoce fly6poBHaHa npeMa xepHTopHjajiHOj rocnoflM n a xjiy n c K a -
^ R e r u m I t a l i c a r u m scriptores X V G G fasc. 3: . . . io v i c o n s i g l i o c h e voy flamfter c p n c K o r r(apcxBa. Ofljiarafte nocjiaHcxsa J I a a a p y M B y K y c MOJI6OM fla
a n d i a t e a l r e de B o s s i n a , e l q u a l e odia m o l t o e l C u n t e de V e r t u p e r socorsi c h e l u i noxBpfle CBe p a n n j e n o B e j t e c p n c K w x sjiaflapa 5MJIO j e cwrypHO MOXMBMcano o 5 a i i -
a dato a T u r c h o i n ofensione del ditto r e . . . PMMa npeMa T B p x K y M fteroBoj yjioan KpaJba Cp6MMa.
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KocoBCKa 6iiTKa y Me^ynapoflHOM KOHxeKCTy
69
X o p B a r a . B y K B p a H K O s H h j e o c x a o >KHB, c a n y B a o j e c s o j y xepHTopHJy
H 6HO n p c f l o a p e b c H jia n p n x B a x H B o a e h y y j i o r y KOJy j e 3 a JKHBOxa buted secondary importance to both P r i n c e L a z a r and V u k B r a n k o v i d
HMao KHca J I a s a p . OH y j y j i y 1389. BO^H n p e r o B o p e c a KpajbCM ^HX- the r u l e r of the t e r r i t o r y w h e r e the battle took place. H i s protege I v a -
MyHAOM H caMOcxajiHo c p d j y j e OAHOCC c a BajasHXOM. HCXOAOM 6HXKe m§ H o r v a t , the leader of the Naples adherents, took the t e r r i t o r y along
H a j x e ^ e c y norofccHH J l a a a p c B H nacjieaHHHH, HHJH c e cxaBOBH, HCKy- the S a v a (the Madva banatus) after the B a t t l e of Kosovo. A f t e r the bat-
c x B a H HOXJieAH pe4)JieKxyjy y xcKcxoBHMa o KHcay J I a s a p y , y HOBC- tle V u k B r a n k o v i d took the leading place among the S e r b i a n lords that
jBaMa Cxe4)aHa J l a s a p c B H h a , y ^urujy ACCHOXOBOM H apyxHM BHAO- had previously belonged to h i s f a t h e r - i n - l a w P r i n c e L a z a r . T h e w o r s t
BHMa xpaflHHHJe. CBC AO KPHXHHKC HcxopHorpa(|)HJe x a xpaAHUHJa j e consequences of the battle w e r e felt i n the t e r r i t o r y of L a z a r ' s u n d e r -
npelcyAHO y x H u a n a Ha y K y n n o s n a a e o KOCOBCKOJ 6HUH. aged heirs w h o w a s cared for b y the deceased P r i n c e ' s w i f e . P r i n c e s s
M i h c a (her convent name: E v g e n i j a ) . T h e l i t e r a r y tradition a r i s i n g on
that t e r r i t o r y influenced the notion of the B a t t l e of Kosovo and its
outcome.

Sima M. Cirkovid

THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT OF T H E B A T T L E OF KOSOVO

S u m m a r y

I n spite of great interest i n the B a t t l e of Kosovo, the diplomatic i n -

trigues and conflicts that led to this great confrontation h a v e not been
explained. F r o m the time that the sources arose up u n t i l modern literature,
general motives h a v e been resorted to, p r i m a r i l y the Ottoman's u n r e s -
trainable expansion. A prerequisite to a more accurate understanding of
events is ^ reconstruction of the political map from the y e a r s preceding
the battle and a m i n u t e analysis of a v a i l a b l e m a t e r i a l regarding a l l steps
u n d e r t a k e n b y the interested parties at that time. T h e r u l e r s of the t e r -
ritories opposing M u r a d I at Kosovo did not h a v e common borders w i t h
the i n v a d i n g Ottomans and w e r e separated from t h e m b y a belt of M u -
rad's vassals, some of w h o m w e r e independent r u l e r s of parts of the
f o r m e r S e r b i a n state.
K i n g T v r t k o I , P r i n c e L a z a r and V u k B r a n k o v i d , w e r e also separa-
ted f r o m C h r i s t i a n E u r o p e o w i n g to a conflict w i t h i n the H u n g a r i a n
K i n g d o m i n w h i c h they supported the followers of L a d i s l a s of Naples, the
a d v e r s a r y of Queen M a r i a and K i n g S i g i s m u n d of L u x e m b o u r g . W h i l e
T v r t k o I remained the enemy of the H u n g a r i a n k i n g the entire time p r e -
ceding the battle and continued to put pressure on D a l m a t i a n cities and
r u l e parts of C r o a t i a , P r i n c e L a z a r reconciled w i t h K i n g S i g i s m u n d bet-
Ween F e b r u a r y and J u n e 1389, through the i n t e r m e d i a r y of h i s s o n - i n -
- l a w Nicholas de G a r a the Younger.
M u r a d ' s f i r s t wide-scale attack on S e r b i a w a s i n the spring of 1386,
w h i c h did not r e s u l t i n a battle. A c c o r d i n g to u n k n o w n sources used b y
M a v r o O r b i n i , P r i n c e L a z a r and V u k B r a n k o v i c became Murad's vassals
a f t e r w a r d s . A substantial T u r k i s h detachment invaded the t e r r i t o r y of
K i n g T v r t k o i n A u g u s t 1388, and w a s beaten at B i l e d a . T h i s attack w a s
the r e s u l t of encouragement by the r u l e r of Zeta, D j o r d j e I I S t r a c i m i r o v i d
B a l s i d , w h o made peace w i t h the T u r k s i n 1386 a n d became M u r a d ' s
vassal.
T v r t k o I announced i n his letters that M u r a d h a d attacked h i m
and been defeated and lost his life i n battle. T h e K i n g of B o s n i a a t t r i -