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Calculations From Chemical Equations Part 2

This document discusses mass to mole and mole to mass calculations for chemical reactions. It provides examples of how to perform these calculations in multiple steps: writing and balancing the chemical equation, identifying knowns and unknowns, calculating moles of known substances, using the mole ratio in the balanced equation to find moles of unknowns, and finally calculating mass from moles using molar masses. Several practice problems are presented along with their solutions. The document aims to teach readers how to set up and solve quantitative chemical problems involving moles, masses, and chemical equations.

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Daniel Berry
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89 views

Calculations From Chemical Equations Part 2

This document discusses mass to mole and mole to mass calculations for chemical reactions. It provides examples of how to perform these calculations in multiple steps: writing and balancing the chemical equation, identifying knowns and unknowns, calculating moles of known substances, using the mole ratio in the balanced equation to find moles of unknowns, and finally calculating mass from moles using molar masses. Several practice problems are presented along with their solutions. The document aims to teach readers how to set up and solve quantitative chemical problems involving moles, masses, and chemical equations.

Uploaded by

Daniel Berry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS PART 2

MASS – MOLE CALCULATIONS

EXAMPLE

Oxygen gas can be produced from potassium chlorate as shown in the equations below. Calculate
the number of moles of oxygen that would be produced from 40.0 g of potassium chlorate.

STEP ONE: Write a balanced equation and write the mole ratio underneath.

STEP TWO: Write under the equation what you are given and what you need to calculate – the
known and unknown.

2 KClO3 (s)  2 KCl (s) + 3 O2 (g)


2 mol  2 mol 3 mol
Known Unknown
(40.0 g) (x mol)

STEP THREE: If not given, calculate the number of moles of the known.

m 40
n (KClO3) = = = 0.326 mol
M 122.6

STEP FOUR: Use the key – the equation – to find the number of moles of the unknown.

¿
n (O2) = Unknown moles ¿ balanced equation Known moles ¿ balanced equation ¿ × n (known in
3
problem) = × 0.326
2

n (O2) = 0.489 mol of O2 gas is produced

QUESTIONS (SET THREE)

1. Determine the number of moles of water produced by the complete combustion of 1.0 g of
hydrogen gas.

2 H2 (g) + O2 (g)  2 H2O (g)

½ = 0.5 mol of hydrogen gas


x/0.5 = 2/2
x = 0.5 mol of water

2. Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid necessary to completely consume 4.86 g of
magnesium metal in the reaction shown below.

Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq)  MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

0.2 mol of magnesium


x/0.2 = 2/1
x = 0.4 mol of hydrochloric acid
CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS PART 2

3. Calculate the number of moles of sulfuric acid needed to produce 80.0 g of ammonium sulfate
when it reacts with ammonia gas as follows.

2 NH3 (g) + H2SO4 (aq)  (NH4)2SO4 (aq)

x/0.6 = 1/1
x = 0.6 mol of sulfuric acid

4. Calculate the number of moles of carbon dioxide gas produced when 2.4 g of copper carbonate
are reacted with excess hydrochloric acid as shown below.

CuCO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq)  CuCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

0.02 mol of copper carbonate


x/0.02 = q/1
x = 0.02 mol of carbon dioxide

5. Calculate the number of moles of magnesium metal required to form 1.56 g of magnesium
nitride by the following reaction.

3 Mg (s) + N2 (g)  Mg3N2 (s)

0.015 mol of magnesium nitride


x/0.015 = 3/1
0.046 mol of magneisium

6. When butane gas burns in air the gases produced are carbon dioxide and water vapour.
Calculate the total number of moles of gaseous products from the combustion of 0.50 g of butane
gas.

2 C4H10 (g) + 13 O2 (g)  8 CO2 (g) + 10 H2O (l)

x/0.086 = 8/2

x = 0.34 mol of gaseous products


CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS PART 2

MASS – MASS CALCULATIONS

EXAMPLE

Magnesium metal burns in air to form magnesium oxide as shown in the equation below. Calculate
the mass of oxygen required to burn 14.0 g of magnesium metal.

STEP ONE: Write a balanced equation and write the mole ratio underneath.

STEP TWO: Write under the equation what you are given and what you need to calculate – the
known and unknown.

2 Mg (s) + O2 (aq)  2 MgO


2 mol 1 mol  2 mol
Known Unknown
(14.0 g) (x grams)

STEP THREE: If not given, calculate the number of moles of the known.

m 14.0
n (Mg) = = = 0.576 mol
M 24.3

STEP FOUR: Use the key – the equation – to find the number of moles of the unknown.

¿
n (O2) = Unknown moles ¿ balanced equation Known moles ¿ balanced equation ¿ × n (known in
1
problem) = × 0.576
2

n (O2) = 0.288 mol

STEP FIVE: Using the moles of the unknown calculate what you want to find.

m (O2) = n × M = 0.288 × 32.0 = 9.22 g of O2

QUESTIONS (SET FOUR)

1. Calculate the mass of water produced by the complete combustion of 1.0 g of hydrogen gas.

2 H2 (g) + O2 (g)  2 H2O (g)

0.5 mol of hydrogen gas


x/0.5 = 2/2
x = 0.5 mol of water
0.5 * 18 = 9 g of water

2. Calculate the mass of silver metal produced when 6.35 g of copper are dissolved in silver nitrate
solution according to the following reaction.

Cu (s) + 2 AgNO3 (aq)  Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 Ag (s)

10 mol of copper
CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS PART 2

x/10 = 2/1
x = 20 mol of silver
108 * 20 = 2160 g of silver

3. Sodium peroxide reacts with water according to the following equation. If 25.0 g of sodium
peroxide (Na2O2) are reacted calculate (a) the mass of sodium hydroxide produced and (b) the
mass of oxygen gas given off.

2 Na2O2 (s) + 2 H2O (l)  4 NaOH (aq) + O2 (g)

0.32 mol of sodium peroxide


x/0.32 = 4/2
x = 0.64 mol of sodium hydroxide
0.64 * 40 = 25.6 g of sodium hydroxide

x/0.32 = 1/2
x = 0.16 mol of oxygen gas
32 * 0.16 = 5.12 g of oxygen gas

4. Determine the mass of lead II iodide precipitated by adding excess potassium iodide to 7.50 g of
lead II nitrate. The reaction is as follows.

Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 KI (aq)  PbI2 (s) + 2 KNO3 (aq)

0.045 mol of potassium iodide


x/0.045 = 1/2
x = 0.022 mol of lead II iodide
0.022 * 461 = 10.4 g of lead II iodide

5. Nitric acid reacts with calcium hydroxide as shown below. Determine the mass of nitric acid
required to completely neutralise 50.0 g of calcium hydroxide.

2 HNO3 (aq) + Ca(OH)2 (aq)  Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 H2O (l)

50 / Molar mass of calcium hydroxide (74.1) = 0.67 mol of calcium hydroxide


Moles of nitric acid/ 0.67 = 2/1
Moles of nitric acid = 1.35 mol
1.35 mol * molar mass (63) = 85.1 g of nitric acid

6. Calcium metal (Ca) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to produce calcium chloride solution
(CaCl2) and hydrogen gas (H2). (a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction. (b) If 4.0 g of
hydrochloric acid are added to 4.0 g of calcium metal, which reactant will be completely used up?
What mass of hydrogen gas will be produced (you must use as the known the reactant which is
completely consumed).

Ca + 2 HCl  CaCl2 + H2
4 / molar mass of hydrochloric acid (36.5) = 0.11 mol of hydrochloric acid
Moles of hydrogen gas / 0.11 = 1 / 2
Moles of hydrogen gas = 0.054 mol
0.054 * molar mass of hydrogen gas (2) = 0.109 g
CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS PART 2

SOLUTIONS

Set Three
(1) 0.5 mol of H2
(2) 0.40 mol of HCl
(3) 0.606 mol of H2SO4
(4) 0.0194 mol of CO2
(5) 0.0465 mol of Mg
(6) 0.035 mol of CO2, 0.043 mol H2O, 0.078 mol of products

Set Four
(1) 9.0 g of H2O
(2) 21.6 g of Ag
(3) 25.6 g of NaOH, 5.12 g of O2
(4) 10.4 g of PbI2
(5) 85.0 g of HNO3
(6) HCl is known, 0.11 g of H2
CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS PART 2

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