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 †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb I Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvwK©s 109

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 †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb I Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvwK©s 117

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128 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`kØv`k †kªwY

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq (cÖ_g Ask)

msL¨v c×wZ I wWwRUvj wWfvBm
Number System and Digital Device
wcwiqW msL¨v : 20
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. msL¨v Avwe®‹v‡ii BwZnvm eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  msL¨v Avwe®‹v‡ii BwZnvm
2. msL¨v c×wZi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| (History of inventing Numbers)
3. msL¨v c×wZi cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  msL¨v c×wZ (Number System)
4. wewfbœ ai‡bi msL¨v c×wZi AvšÍtm¤úK© wbY©q  cÖKvi‡f` (Classification of Number System)

al
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  iƒcvšÍi (Conversion of Numbers)
5. evBbvwi †hvM we‡qvM m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  evBbvwi †hvM I we‡qvM (Addition and Subtraction
6. wPýhy³ msL¨vi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

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in Binary System)
 wPýhy³ msL¨v (Signed Numbers)
7. 2 Gi cwic~iK wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
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8. †Kv‡Wi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  2Gi cwic~iK (2’s Complement)
9. wewfbœ cÖKvi †Kv‡Wi Zzjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  †KvW (Code)
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 †Kv‡Wi aviYv (Concept of Code)

 BCD, EBCDIC, Alphanumeric code, ASCII,
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Unicode
10. eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reivi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reiv I wWwRUvj wWfvBm (Boolean
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11. eywjqvb Dccv`¨mg~n cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Algebra and Digital Device)
12. jwRK Acv‡iUi e¨envi K‡i eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reivi  eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reiv (Boolean Algebra)
e¨envwiK cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  eywjqvb Dccv`¨ (Boolean Theorem)
Y

13. eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reivi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z wWwRUvj  wW giM¨v‡bi Dccv`¨ (De Morgan’s Theorem)
wWfvBmmg~‡ni Kg©c×wZ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  mZ¨K mviwY (Truth Table)
 †gŠwjK †MBU (AND, OR, NOT gate)
 mve©Rbxb †MBU (Universal Gate)
 we‡kl †MBU (X-OR, X-NOR gate)
 Gb‡KvWvi (Encoder)
 wW‡KvWvi (Decoder)
 A¨vWvi (Adder)
 †iwR÷vi (Register)
 KvD›Uvi (Counter)

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134 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`kØv`k †kªwY

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138 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`kØv`k †kªwY

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140 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`kØv`k †kªwY

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142 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`kØv`k †kªwY

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144 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`kØv`k †kªwY

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 msL¨v c×wZ I wWwRUvj wWfvBm 145

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146 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`kØv`k †kªwY

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 msL¨v c×wZ I wWwRUvj wWfvBm 147

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148 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`kØv`k †kªwY

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150 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`kØv`k †kªwY

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152 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`kØv`k †kªwY

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154 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`kØv`k †kªwY

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156 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`kØv`k †kªwY

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 msL¨v c×wZ I wWwRUvj wWfvBm 157

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158 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`kØv`k †kªwY

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160 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`kØv`k †kªwY

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162 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`kØv`k †kªwY

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164 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`kØv`k †kªwY

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166 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`kØv`k †kªwY

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cÂg Aa¨vq
†cÖvMªvwgs fvlv (Programming Language)
wcwiqW msL¨v : 35
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. †cÖvMÖv‡gi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e  †cÖvMÖv‡gi aviYv (Concept of Program)
2. wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv eY©bv  †cÖvMÖv‡gi fvlv (Programming Language)
Ki‡Z cvi‡e  wewfbœ cÖR‡b¥i †cÖvMÖv‡gi fvlv
 wbgœ¯Í‡ii fvlv (Low Level Language)
 †gwkb fvlv (Machine Language)
 A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv (Assembly Language)
 ga¨g ¯Í‡ii fvlv (Mid Level Language)

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 D”P ¯Í‡ii fvlv (High Level Language)

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 wm (C)  A¨vjMj (Algol)
 wm ++ (C++)  †dviUªvb (Fortran)
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 Rvfv (Java)  cvB_b (Python)
 IivKj (Oracle)  wfRyqvj †ewmK (Visual Basic)
 PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv (4 Generation Language-4GL)
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e¨envwiK  Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg (Translator Program)

3. †cÖvMÖv‡gi msMVb cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z - K¤úvBjvi (Compiler)
- B›UviwcÖUvi (Interpreter)
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cvi‡e
4. †cÖvMÖvg A¨vjMwi`g I †d¬v PvU© - A¨v‡m¤^jvi (Assembler)
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cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z cvi‡e  †cÖvMÖv‡gi msMVb (Program Organization)

 †cÖvMÖvg Dbœq‡bi avcmg~n (Steps of Developing a Program)
- A¨vjMwi`g (Algorithm)
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- †d¬vPvU© (Flow Chart)

 †cÖvMÖvg wWRvBb g‡Wj (Program Design Model)
5. ÔwmÕ †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv e¨envi K‡i
†cÖvMÖvg cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z cvi‡e  ÔwmÕ †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv (‘C’ Programming Language)
- cÖv_wgK aviYv (Concept of C programming)
- ˆewkó¨ (Characteristics of C programming)
- wm †cÖvMÖvg K¤úvBwjs (Compling of C Programs)
- wm †cÖvMÖv‡gi MVb (Structure of C Programs)
- †WUv UvBc (Types of Data)
 aªæeK (Constant)
 PjK (Variables)
- Acv‡iUi (Operator)
- eY©bv (Expressions) - Kx IqvW© (Key word)
- BbcyU AvDUcyU †÷U‡g›U (Input Output Statements)
- KbwWkbvj †÷U‡g›U (Conditional Statement)
- jyc †÷U‡g›U (Loop Statement) -A¨v‡i (Array) -dvskb (Function)

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 †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv (Programming Language) 281

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282 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY

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 †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv (Programming Language) 283

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284 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY

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 †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv (Programming Language) 285

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286 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY

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 †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv (Programming Language) 287

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288 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY

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 †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv (Programming Language) 289

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290 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY

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 †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv (Programming Language) 291

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308 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY

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312 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY

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 †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv (Programming Language) 313

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314 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY

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 †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv (Programming Language) 315

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316 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY

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 †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv (Programming Language) 317

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318 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY

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 †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv (Programming Language) 319

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320 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY

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 †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv (Programming Language) 321

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322 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY

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 †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv (Programming Language) 323

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324 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY

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 †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv (Programming Language) 325

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326 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY

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 †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv (Programming Language) 327

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328 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY

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 †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv (Programming Language) 329

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330 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY

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 †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv (Programming Language) 331

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332 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY

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 †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv (Programming Language) 333

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334 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY

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336 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY

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Database Management System
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cvi‡e (Concept of Database Management)
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 Bb‡Ww·s (Indexing)
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7. †WUv wmwKDwiwUi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 miKvwi cÖwZôv‡b †WUv‡eR
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 †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g 343

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 †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g 347

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 †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g 349

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 †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g 351

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 †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g 353

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