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Oil Properties Laboratory, 2 Stage

This document summarizes an experiment to determine the flash point and fire point of a petroleum product using a Pensky-Martens closed cup tester. The flash point indicates a liquid's fire/explosion potential, while the fire point is the temperature at which combustion can be sustained for 5 seconds. The experiment aims to classify petroleum based on flash point and determine safe transport/storage conditions to avoid temperature-related damage. Proper apparatus, procedures, and data analysis are described.

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كهلان البريهي
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82 views9 pages

Oil Properties Laboratory, 2 Stage

This document summarizes an experiment to determine the flash point and fire point of a petroleum product using a Pensky-Martens closed cup tester. The flash point indicates a liquid's fire/explosion potential, while the fire point is the temperature at which combustion can be sustained for 5 seconds. The experiment aims to classify petroleum based on flash point and determine safe transport/storage conditions to avoid temperature-related damage. Proper apparatus, procedures, and data analysis are described.

Uploaded by

كهلان البريهي
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Faculty of Engineering

Petroleum Engineering Department

Oil properties Laboratory, 2nd stage


Experiment No. (6)
Flash and Fire Points by Pensky-Martens Closed
Cup Tester

Prepared by: Brosk Frya Ali


17/11/2013

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Aim of the experiment

• Classify the petroleum according to its flash point.

• Indicate how light or heavy the petroleum is.

• Find the best conditions for transporting & storing


petroleum products, to avoid any damages by the
temperature rise.

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INTRODUCTION

This flash point and fire point test method is a dynamic method
and depends on definite rates of temperature increases to control
the precision of the test method. Its primary use is for viscous
materials having flash point of 79°C (175°F) and above.

It is also used to determine fire point, which is a temperature


above the flash point, at which the test specimen will support
combustion for a minimum of 5 sec.

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Flash point
It is the lowest temperature at which sufficient vapor is
produced above the liquid to form a mixture with air that a
natural ignition can occur if a spark is present.

The flash point of a liquid hydrocarbon or an oil fraction


indicates its fire and explosion potential.

Liquids with a flash point less than 60.5 0C or 37.8 0C


depending on standard been applied are considered flammable,
while liquids with a flash point above those temperatures are
considered combustible.
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Fire point

It is the lowest temperature at which sufficient vapor is


produced above the liquid to form a mixture with air that a
flam can occur for (5) seconds if a spark is present.

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ASTM’s Flash Point Standards
The first ASTM standard for flash point was published in 1918
(1) as D 56, Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup
Tester. Just three years later, two more flash point test methods
were published: D 92, Test Method for Flash Point by Cleveland
Open Cup Tester, and D 93, Test Method for Flash Point by
Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester. All three of these standards
are still in frequent use, with D 93 as the most prevalent, and the
one most often cited in regulations and specifications.

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Figure 1: General appearance.
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Apparatus

1- Cup of sample.
2- Thermometer.
3- Covering.
a- Constant cover. b- moving cover. c- exposing flame
system. d- permanent flame. e- movable means.
4- Heating.
a- air bath. b- upper plate.

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Discussion Section

1. Discuss the reasons of any error happened during the Exp.


And how can be corrected?

2. What is the advantage of flash & fire points?

3. Why the cup must be cleaned & dried before starting the
exp.?

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