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Basic Integration

1. Basic integration formulas provide methods for calculating indefinite integrals of common functions. 2. Trigonometric substitution allows converting integrals involving radical terms into integrals of trigonometric functions that can be evaluated using basic formulas. 3. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus relates indefinite integrals and definite integrals, stating that the definite integral from a to b of a function F'(x) is equal to the value of F(b) minus the value of F(a).

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113 views

Basic Integration

1. Basic integration formulas provide methods for calculating indefinite integrals of common functions. 2. Trigonometric substitution allows converting integrals involving radical terms into integrals of trigonometric functions that can be evaluated using basic formulas. 3. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus relates indefinite integrals and definite integrals, stating that the definite integral from a to b of a function F'(x) is equal to the value of F(b) minus the value of F(a).

Uploaded by

ravikiran1988
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Integration Formulas

� � � �
xn+1
1. [f(x) ± g(x)] dx = f(x) dx ± g(x) dx 2. xn dx = + C, n �= −1
n+1
� �
dx
3. = ln |x| + C 4. ex dx = ex + C
x
� �
5. sin x dx = − cos x + C 6. cos x dx = sin x + C

� �
7. tan x dx = ln |sec x| + C 8. cot x dx = − ln |csc x| + C

� �
9. sec x dx = ln |sec x + tan x| + C 10. csc x dx = − ln |csc x + cot x| + C

� �
2
11. sec x dx = tan x + C 12. csc2 x dx = − cot x + C

� �
13. sec x tan x dx = sec x + C 14. csc x cot x dx = − csc x + C

� �x� � �x�
dx dx 1
15. √ = arcsin +C 16. = arctan +C
a2 − x2 a a2 + x2 a a

F UNDAMENTAL T HEOREM OF C ALCULUS


�b
F � (x) dx = F(b) − F(a)
a

I NTEGRATION BY PARTS � �
u dv = uv − v du

T RIGONOMETRIC S UBSTITUTION (a > 0)


√ √
• a2 − x2 requires x = a sin θ. Then a2 − x2 = a cos θ, where −π/2 � θ � π/2.
√ √
• a2 + x2 requires x = a tan θ. Then a2 + x2 = a sec θ, where −π/2 < θ < π/2.
√ √
• x2 − a2 requires x = a sec θ. Then x2 − a2 = ±a tan θ.
√
– If x > a, use x2 − a2 = +a tan θ, where 0 � θ < π/2.
√
– If x < a, use x2 − a2 = −a tan θ, where π/2 < θ � π.

Gilles Cazelais. Typeset with LATEX on May 26, 2006.

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