M. Phil. /Ph.D.
Mathematics (2018-19 onwards) Page 1 of 18
BHARATHIAR UNIVERSITY, COIMBATORE – 641 046
M. Phil./Ph.DFT/PT - MATHEMATICS
PART I - SYLLABUS
(For the candidates admitted from the academic year 2018-19 onwards)
Paper I - Algebra & Analysis
Paper II - Partial Differential Equations
Paper III - Special Paper (anyone of the following)
1) Nonlinear Dynamics
2) Abstract Control Theory
3) Computational Fluid Dynamics
4) Artificial Neural Systems
5) Fuzzy Sets, Logic and Theory of Neural Networks
6) Hamiltonian Dynamics and Chaos
7) Solid Mechanics
8) Advanced Graph Theory
9) Optimization Techniques
10) Algebraic Topology
11) Operator Theory
12) Fuzzy Sets: Theory and Applications
13) Advanced Topics in Fluid Dynamics
14) General Topology
M. Phil. /Ph.D. Mathematics (2018-19 onwards) Page 2 of 18
PAPER I – ALGEBRA & ANALYSIS
Unit I: Modules &The Structure of Semisimple Algebras
Modules: Simple Modules-Semisimple Modules-Structure of Semisimple Modules-
Chain conditions-The Radical.
The Structure of Semisimple Algebras: Semisimple Algebras-Minimal Right Ideals-
Simple Algebras-Matrices of Homomorphisms- Wedderburn’s Structure Theorem- Maschke’s
Theorem.
Unit II: Radical & Indecomposable Modules
The Radical: The Radical of an Algebra-Nakayama’s Lemma-Nilpotent Algebras-
TheRadical of a Group Algebra-Ideals in Artinian Algebras.
Indecomposable Modules: Direct Decomposition-Local Algebras-The Krull-Schmidt
Theorem.
Unit III: Lebesgue Spaces 𝐿(Ω)
Definition and Basic Properties-Completeness of 𝐿𝑝(Ω)-Approximation by Continuous
functions-Convolutions and Young’s Theorem-Mollifiers and Approximations by Smooth functions-
Precompact sets in 𝐿𝑝(Ω)- Uniform Convexity-The Normed Dual of 𝐿𝑝(Ω)- Mixed-Norm 𝐿𝑝 Spaces-
The Marcinkiewicz Interpolation Theorem.
Unit IV: Sobolev Spaces W m,p (Ω)
Definition and Basic Properties-Duality and Spaces 𝑊−𝑚,𝑝′(Ω)- Approximation by Smooth
functions on Ω- Approximations by Smooth functions on ℝ𝑛- Approximation by functions in 𝐶0∞(Ω)-
Coordinate Transformations.
Unit V: Sobolev Imbedding Theorem
Geometric Properties of Domains- Imbeddings by Potential Arguments- Imbeddings by
Averaging- Imbeddings into Lipschitz Spaces- Sobolev’s inequality- Variations of Sobolev’s
inequality- 𝑊𝑚,𝑝(Ω) as a Banach Algebra- Optimality of the Imbedding Theorem- Nonimbedding
Theorems for Irregular Domains.
Treatment as in:
R. S. Pierce, Associative Algebras, Springer Verlag, New York, 1982.
Unit I: Chapter 2 Sections 2.3-2.7
Chapter 3 Sections 3.1-3.6
Unit II: Chapter 4 Sections 4.1-4.2, 4.6-4.8
Chapter 5 Sections 5.1-5.2, 5.4
R. A. Adams, J. J. F. Fournier, Sobolev Spaces, Academic Press, London, 2003.
(Second Edition)
Unit III: Chapter 2
Unit IV: Chapter 3
Unit V: Chapter 4
References:
1. T. W. Hungerford, Algebra, Springer- Verlag, New York, 2003.
2. R.A. Adams, Sobolev Spaces, Academic Press, New York, 1975.
M. Phil. /Ph.D. Mathematics (2018-19 onwards) Page 3 of 18
PAPER II – PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Unit I: Second-order Elliptic Equations
Definitions- Existence of weak solutions- Regularity- Maximum principles- Eigenvalues
andeigenfunctions- Problems
Unit II: Linear Evolution Equations
Second-order parabolic equations
Unit III: Linear Evolution Equations
Second-order hyperbolic equations- Hyperbolic systems of first-order equations-
Semigroup theory- Problems
Unit IV: The Calculus of Variations
Introduction-Existence of minimizers
Unit V: The Calculus of Variations
Regularity- Constraints- Critical points- Problems
Treatment as in:
L. C. Evans, Partial Differential Equations, American Mathematical Society, Providence,
1998.
Unit I: Chapter 6, Sections 6.1-6.6
Unit II: Chapter 7, Sections 7.1
Unit III: Chapter 7, Sections 7.2-7.5
Unit IV: Chapter 8, sections 8.1-8.2
Unit V: Chapter 8, Sections 8.3-8.8
References:
1. R. C. McOwen, Partial Differential Equations: Methods and Applications, Second
Edition, Pearson Education, New Delhi 2005.
2. M. Renardy and R. C. Rogers, An Introduction to Partial Differential Equations,
Springer, New York, 2004.
M. Phil. /Ph.D. Mathematics (2018-19 onwards) Page 4 of 18
PAPER III - 1) NONLINEAR DYNAMICS
Unit I: Dynamics of Differential Equations
Integration of linear second order equations - Integration of nonlinear second order
equations - Dynamics in the phase plane - Linear Stability analysis - Non autonomous systems.
Unit II: Hamiltonian Dynamics
Lagrangian formulation of Mechanics - Hamiltonian formulation of Mechanics -
Canonical transformations - Hamilton-Jacobi equation and action - angle variables integrable
Hamiltonians.
Unit III: Classical Perturbation Theory
Elementary perturbation theory - Canonical perturbation theory - Many degrees of
freedom and the problem of small divisors - The Kolmogrov- Arnold-Moser theorem.
Unit IV: Nonlinear Evolution Equations and Solitons
Basic properties of the Kdv equation - The inverse Scattering transforms:
Basic principles, KdV equation - Other soliton systems - Hamiltonian structure of integrable
systems.
Unit V: Analytic Structure of Dynamical Systems
Ordinary differential equations in the complex domain - Integrable systems of ordinary
differential equations - Painleve property of partial differential equations.
Treatment as in:
M. Tabor, Chaos and Integrability in Nonlinear Dynamics, John Wiley and Sons, New York,
1989.
Unit I Chapter 1 Sections 1.1 - 1.4,1.6
Unit II Chapter 2 Sections 2.1 - 2.5
Unit III Chapter 3 Sections 3.1 - 3.4
Unit IV Chapter 7 Sections 7.1 -7.6
Unit V Chapter 8 Sections 8.2 - 8.4
References:
1. M. Lakshmanan, S. Rajasekar, Nonlinear Dynamics, First Edition, Springer-Verlag,
New York, 2002.
2. S. H. Strogatz, Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos: With Applications to Physics,
Biology, Chemistry and Engineering (Studies in Nonlinearity), First Edition,
Westview Press, USA, 2001.
M. Phil. /Ph.D. Mathematics (2018-19 onwards) Page 5 of 18
PAPER III – 2) ABSTRACT CONTROL THEORY
Unit I: Bounded Linear Operators
Uniformly continuoussemigroups of bounded linear operators – Strongly continuous
semigroups of bounded linear operators – The Hille-Yosida theorem – Semigroups of Compact
operators – Differentiability.
Unit II: Abstract Cauchy Problem
The Homogeneous Initial value problem – The inhomogeneous initial value problem –
Regularity of mild solutions for analytic semigroups.
Unit III: Evolution Equations
Evolution systems – Stable families of Generators – An Evolution system in the
Hyperbolic case – Regular solutions in the Hyperbolic case – The inhomogeneous equation in
hyperbolic case
Unit IV: Nonlinear Evolution Equations
Lipschitz perturbation of linear evolution equations – Semilinear equations with compact
semigroups – Semilinear equations with analytic semigroups.
Unit V: Basic Concepts in Control Theory
Controllability, Observability and Exponential Stability
Treatment as in:
1. A. Pazy, Semigroups of Linear Operators and Applications to Partial
Differential Equations, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1983.
Unit I : Sections 1.1 - 1.3, 2.3 – 2.4
Unit II : Sections 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3
Unit III : Sections 5.1 to 5.5
Unit IV: Sections 6.1 to 6.3
2. R. F. Curtain and H. Zwart, Introduction to Infinite Dimensional Linear Systems
Theory, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1995
Unit V: Sections 4.1 and 5.1
References:
1. G. R. Sell, Y. You, Dynamics of Evolutionary Equations, Springer-Verlag, New
York, 2002.
M. Phil. /Ph.D. Mathematics (2018-19 onwards) Page 6 of 18
PAPER III –3) COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
UNIT I: Introduction
Conduction heat transfer – Thermal conductivity – Convection heat transfer – Radiation
heat transfer – Dimensions and Units
Governing Equations and Boundary Conditions:
Basics of computational fluid dynamics – Governing equations of fluid dynamics –
Continuity, Momemtum and Energy equations – Chemical species transport – Physical boundary
conditions – Time-averaged equations for Turbulent Flow – Turbulent–Kinetic Energy Equations
– Mathematical behaviour of PDEs on CFD - Elliptic, Parabolic and Hyperbolic equations.
UNIT II: Principles of Convection
Viscous flow- Inviscid flow – Laminar boundary layer on a flat plate – Energy equation
of the boundary layer – The thermal boundary layer –Relation between fluid friction and heat
transfer – Turbulent Boundary layer – Heat transfer in Laminar tube flow – Turbulent flow in a
tube – Heat transfer in High speed flow.
UNIT III: Natural Convection Systems
Free convection heat transfer on a vertical flat plate – Empirical relations for free
convection – Free convection from vertical planes, Cylinders, Horizontal Cylinders, Horizontal
plates, Inclined surfaces – Nonnewtonian fluids – Simplified equations for Air, Free convection
from spheres – Free convection in enclosed spaces – Combined free and forced convection.
UNIT IV: Finite Volume Method for Diffusion
Finite volume formulation for steady state One, Two and Three -dimensional diffusion
problems. One dimensional unsteady heat conduction through Explicit, Crank – Nicolson and
fully implicit schemes.
UNIT V: Finite Volume Method for Convection Diffusion
Steady one-dimensional convection and diffusion – Central, upwind differencing
schemes-Properties of discretization schemes – Conservativeness, Boundedness,
Trasnportiveness, Hybrid, Power-law, QUICK Schemes.
Treatment as in:
1. J. P. Holman, Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, Singapore, 1986.
Unit I-III
2. H. K. Versteeg and W. Malalasekera, An Introduction to Computational Fluid
Dynamics: The finite volume Method, Longman, England, 1998.
Unit I & Unit IV-V
References:
1. F.P. Incropera, D. P. Dewitt, T. L. Bergman and A. S. Lavine, Fundamentals of Heat and
Mass Transfer, John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2006.
2. S.V. Patankar, Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, Hemisphere Publishing
Corporation, USA, 2004.
M. Phil. /Ph.D. Mathematics (2018-19 onwards) Page 7 of 18
Paper III – 4) ARTIFICIAL NEURAL SYSTEMS
Unit I: Dynamic Neural Units (DNUs)
Nonlinear Models and Dynamics: Models of Dynamic Neural Units (DNUs)- Models and
Circuits of Isolated DNUs- Neuron with Excitatory and Inhibitory Dynamics- Neuron with
Multiple Nonlinear feedback- Dynamic Temporal behavior of DNN- Nonlinear analysis for
DNUs.
Unit II: Continuous-Time Dynamic Neural Networks
Dynamic Neural Networks Structures: An Introduction- Hopfield Dynamic Neural
Network (DNN) and its Implementation- Hopfield Dynamic Neural Networks (DNNs) as
Gradient-like systems- Modifications of Hopfield Dynamic Neural Networks- Other DNN
models- Conditions for Equilibrium points in DNN.
Unit III: Learning and Adaptation in Dynamic Neural Networks
Some observation on Dynamic Neural Filter Behaviors- Temporal Learning Process
I (Dynamic Backpropagation)- Temporal Learning Process II (Dynamic Forward
Propagation)- Dynamic Backpropagation for Continuous-Time Dynamic Neural Networks.
Unit IV: Stability of Continuous-Time Dynamic Neural Networks
Local Asymptotic Stability- Global Asymptotic Stability of Dynamic Neural Networks-
Local Exponential Stability of DNNs- Global Exponential Stability of DNNs.
Unit V: Discrete-Time Dynamic Neural Networks and their Stability
General Class of Discrete-Time Dynamic Neural Networks- Lyapunov Stability of
Discrete-Time Nonlinear Systems- Stability conditions for Discrete-Time DNNs- More General
Results on Global Asymptotic Stability
Treatment as in:
M. M. Gupta, L. Jin, N. Homma, Static and Dynamic Neural Networks: From
Fundamentals to Advanced Theory, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Publications, New Jersey, 2003.
References
1. S. Haykin, Neural Networks: A Comprehensive foundation, Second Edition, Pearson
Prentice Hall, New Delhi, 2005.
2. J. M. Zurada, Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems, Jaico Publishing
House, Mumbai, 2006.
M. Phil. /Ph.D. Mathematics (2018-19 onwards) Page 8 of 18
PAPER III – 5) FUZZY SETS, LOGIC AND THEORY OF NEURAL NETWORKS
UNIT- I : Fuzzy sets and Fuzzy relations
Fuzzy sets – Basic types and basic concepts – Properties of α –cuts – Representations of fuzzy sets
– Decomposition Theorems – Extension principle for fuzzy sets, Crisp and fuzzy relations –
Projections and cylindric extensions – Binary fuzzy relations – Binary relations on a single set –
Fuzzy equivalence relations – Fuzzy compatibility relations – Fuzzy ordering relations – Fuzzy
Morphisms – Sup-I compositions of fuzzy relations. Inf-wi compositions of fuzzy relations.
Unit II: Fuzzy Relation Equations
Introduction – Problem Partitioning – Solution Method – Fuzzy Relations Equations Based
on Sup-I Compositions – Fuzzy Relation Equations Based on Inf-wi Compositions – Approximate
Solutions – The Use of Neural Networks.
Unit III: Fuzzy Logic
Introduction – Fuzzy propositions – Fuzzy Quantifiers – Linguistic Hedges – Inference
from Conditional Fuzzy Propositions – Inference from Conditional and Qualified Propositions –
Inference from Quantified Propositions.
Unit IV: Fuzzy Control
Origin and Objective – Automatic Control – The Fuzzy Controllers, Types of Fuzzy
Controllers – The Mamdani Controller – Defuzzification – The Sugeno Controller, Design
Parameters – Scaling Factors – Fuzzy Sets – Rules – Adaptive Fuzzy Control – Applications.
Unit V: Neural Network Theory
Neural Dynamics: Activations and Signals – Neurons As Functions – Signal Monotonicity
– Biological Activations and Signals – Competitive Neuronal Signals – Neuron Fields – Neuronal
Dynamical Systems – Common Signal Functions – Pulse – Coded Signal Functions. Activations
Models – Neuronal Dynamical Systems – Additive Bivalent Models – Bivalent Additive BAM –
Bidirectional Stability – Lyapunov Functions – Bivalent BAM Theorem.
Text Book for Units I, II & III
Kir G.J and Yuan Bo “Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic: Theory and applications”, Prentice Hall
of India, New Delhi, (2002). (Relevant Sections only)
Text Book for Unit IV
Zimmermann H.J., “Fuzzy Set Theory and its Applications”, Fourth Edition, Kluwer Academic
Publishers, London, (2001). (Relevant Sections only)
M. Phil. /Ph.D. Mathematics (2018-19 onwards) Page 9 of 18
Text Book for Unit V
Bart Kosko, “Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, (2001).
(Relevant Sections only)
Reference Books:
1. Kaufmann “Introduction to the theory of fuzzy sets”, Volume 1 -, Academic Press, Inc.,
Orlando, Florida, (1973).
2. John N. Moderson and Premchand S. Nair., “Fuzzy Mathematics: An introduction for
Engineers and Scientists”, -PhysicaVerlag, Heidelberg, Germany, (1998).
3. S. Rajasekaran and G.A. VijayalakshmiPai., “Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic and Genetic
Algorithms Synthesis and Applications”. Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi,(2004).
PAPER III –6) HAMILTONIAN DYNAMICS AND CHAOS
Unit I: The Dynamics of Differential Equations
Integration of linear second order equations - Integration of nonlinear second order equations -
Dynamics in the phase plane - Linear Stability analysis.
Unit II: Hamiltonian Dynamics
Lagrangian formulation of Mechanics - Hamiltonian formulation of Mechanics Canonical
transformations - Hamilton-Jacobi equation and action - angle variables -integrable Hamiltonians.
Unit III: Classical Perturbation Theory
Elementary perturbation theory - Canonical perturbation theory - Many degrees of freedom and the
problem of small divisors - The Kolmogrov- Arnold-Moser theorem.
Unit IV: Chaos in Hamiltonian systems and area-preserving mapping
Area preservingmapping-Fixed points and the poincare-Birkhoff fixed point theorem Homoclinic
and heteroclinic points-Criteria for local Chaos.
Unit V: Nonlinear Evolution Equations and Solitons
Basic properties of the Kdv equation - The inverse Scattering transforms: Basic principles, KdV
equation - Other soliton systems - Hamiltonian structure of integrable systems.
Treatment as in:
Chaos and Integrability in Nonlinear Dynamics by M.Tabor, John Wiley and Sons, New York,
1989.
Unit I Chapter 1 Sections 1.1 - 1.4,
Unit II Chapter 2 Sections 2.1 - 2.5
Unit III Chapter 3 Sections 3.1 - 3.4
Unit IV Chapter 4 Sections 4.2 -4.5
Unit V Chapter 7 Sections 7.2 – 7.6
M. Phil. /Ph.D. Mathematics (2018-19 onwards) Page 10 of 18
PAPER III – 7) SOLID MECHANICS
Unit-I: Analysis of Stress
Body Force, Surface Force and Stress Vector -The State of Stress at a Point- Normal and
Shear Stress Components - Rectangular Stress Components - Stress Components on an
Arbitrary Plane - Equality of Cross Shears- A More General Theorem- Principal Stresses- Stress
Invariants - Principal Planes are Orthogonal -The State of Stress Referred to Principal Axes -
Mohr’s Circles for the Three-Dimensional State of Stress- Mohr’s Stress Plane- Planes
of Maximum Shear-Octahedral Stresses-The State of Pure Shear- Decomposition into
Hydrostatic and Pure Shear States-Cauchy’s Stress Quadric- The Plane State of Stress-
Differential Equations of Equilibrium- Equilibrium Equations for Plane Stress State- Boundary
Conditions - Equations of Equilibrium in Cylindrical Coordinates – Problems
Unit-II: Analysis of Strain
Deformations-Deformation in the Neighborhood of a Point- Change in Length of a Linear
Element- Change in Length of a Linear Element-Linear Components- Rectangular Strain
Components - The State of Strain at a Point- Change in Direction of a Linear Element-Cubical
Dilatation- Change in the Angle between Two Line Elements- Principal Axes of Strain
and Principal Strains- Plane State of Strain-The Principal Axes of Strain Remain Orthogonal
after Strain- Plane Strains in Polar Coordinates- Compatibility Conditions- Strain Deviator
and its Invariants- Problems
Unit-III: 3 Stress-Strain Relations for Linearly Elastic Solids
Generalised Statement of Hooke’s Law -Stress-Strain Relations for Isotropic
Materials-
Modulus of Rigidity- Bulk Modulus-Young’s Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio- Relations between
the Elastic Constants- Displacement Equations of Equilibrium- Problems
Unit-IV: Energy Methods
Introduction- Hooke’s Law and the Principle of Superposition-Corresponding Force
and
Displacement or Work-Absorbing-Component of Displacement- Work Done by Forces and
Elastic Strain Energy Stored - Reciprocal Relation- Maxwell-Betti-Rayleigh Reciprocal Theorem
- Generalised Forces and Displacements-Begg’sDeformeter- First Theorem of Castigliano-
Expressions for Strain Energy- Fictitious Load Method-Superposition of Elastic Energies-
Statically Indeterminate Structures- Theorem of Virtual Work-Kirchhoff’s Theorem-Problems.
Unit-V: Axisymmetric Problems
Thick-Walled Cylinder Subjected to Internal and External Pressures-Lame’s Problem-
Stresses in Composite Tubes-Shrink Fits- Sphere with Purely Radial Displacements-
Stresses Due to Gravitation- Rotating Disks of Uniform Thickness- Disks of Variable Thickness-
Rotating Shafts and Cylinders-Problems
Treatment as in
L. S. Srinath, Advanced Mechanics of Solids, Third Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Education
Private Limited, NewDelhi, 2011.
References:
1. S. M. A. Kazimi, Solid Mechanics, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, New
Delhi, First Revised Edition, 1974.
2. P.S.D. Verma, Theory of Elasticity, Vikas Publishing House, Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, 1998.
M. Phil. /Ph.D. Mathematics (2018-19 onwards) Page 11 of 18
PAPER III – 8) ADVANCED GRAPH THEORY
UNIT I :PLANAR GRAPHS:
Embeddings and Euler’s Formula – Drawings in the plane - Dual Graphs-Euler’s Formula.
Characterization of planar Graphs - Preparation for Kuratowski’s Theorem- Convex
Embeddings- Planarity Testing.Parameters of Planarity - Coloring of planar Graphs-Crossing
Number- Surfaces of Higher Genus.
UNIT II :EDGES AND CYCLES:
Line Graphs and Edge - Coloring – Edge – Colorings – Characterization of Line Graphs.
Hamiltonian Cycles – Necessary Conditions – Sufficient Conditions- Cycles in Directed
Graphs.Planarity, Coloring, and Cycles – Tait’s Theorem – Grinberg’s Theorem- Snarks -
Flows and cycle Covers.
UNIT III :ADDITIONAL TOPICS:
Matroids- Hereditary Systems and Examples-Properties of Matroids – The Spam function-
The Dual of a Matroid – Matroid Minors and planar Graphs – Matroid Intersection-Matroid
Union.Ramsey Theory – The pigeonhole principle Revisited- Ramsey’s Theorem – Ramsey
Numbers- Graph Ramsey Theory- Sperner’s lemma and Bandwidth.
UNIT IV :TRIPLE SYSTEMS:
Steiner Triple Systems- λ -Triple systems.
UNIT V:ORTHOGONAL LATIN SQUARES:
Introduction – The Euler and MacNeish Conjecture- Disproof of MacNeish Conjecture -
Disproof of the Euler Conjecture - Orthogonal Latin Squares of order n≡2(mod4).
Treatment as in:
1. Douglas B. west , Introduction to Graph Theory ,prentice-Hall,New Jersey,2001.
UnitI: Chapter 6 – Sections 6.1 to 6.3
Unit II: Chapter 7 – Sections 7.1 to 7.3
Unit III: Chapter 8 – Sections 8.1 to 8.3
2. C.C. Lindner, C.A. Rodger, Design Theory, CRC press, New York, 1997.
Unit IV: Chapter 1 – Sections 1.1 to 1.7
Chapter 2 – Sections 2.1 to 2.5
Unit V: Chapter 5 – Sections 5.1 to 5.5
References:
1. J.A. Bondy and U.S.R. Murty, Graph Theory with Applications, Springer-Verlag, London,
2008.
2. Z.-X.Wan, Design Theory, World Scientific publishing, Singapore,2009.
M. Phil. /Ph.D. Mathematics (2018-19 onwards) Page 12 of 18
PAPER III – 9) OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
UNIT I: Dynamic Programming
Elements of the DP Model: The Capital Budgeting - More on the Definition of , the state-
Examples of DP models and computations - Problem of Dimensionality in
Dynamic programming - Solution of Linear programs by Dynamic programming.
UNIT II: Decision Theory and Games
Decisions under Risk - Decision Trees - Decisions Under Uncertainty - Game Theory.
UNIT III: Inventory Models
The ABC Inventory System - Generalized Inventory Models – Deterministic Models –
Just-in-Time (JIT) manufacturing system.
UNIT IV: Queuing Models.
Role of Poisson and Exponential Distribution - Processes Birth and Fousson and Death -
Queues with Combined Arrival and Departures - Non-Poisson Queues - Queues with Priorities
for Service - Random or Series Queues.
UNIT V: Nonlinear Programming.
Unconstrained Extremal Problems - Constrained Extremal Problems -
Nonlinear Programming Algorithm - Unconstrained Nonlinear Algorithms - Constrained
Nonlinear Algorithms.
Unit I - Chapter – 10, Unit II - Chapter – 12, Unit – III - Chapter – 14,
Unit – IV - Chapter – 15, Unit V - Chapter – 19, Chapter – 20
Treatment as in:
H. A. Taha, Operations Research -An Introduction, Fifth Edition, Prentice Hall of India (P)
Limited, New Delhi, 1996.
References:
1. A. Ravindran, D. T. Phillips, J. J. Solberg, Operations Research: Principles and
Practice, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons (Asia), New Delhi, 2006.
2. S. S. Rao, Engineering Optimization, Third Edition, New Age International (p) Ltd,
New Delhi, 1996.
M. Phil. /Ph.D. Mathematics (2018-19 onwards) Page 13 of 18
PAPER III – 10) ALGEBRAIC TOPOLOGY
Unit I: The Fundamental Group
Homotopy of Paths – The Fundamental Group – Covering Spaces – The Fundamental
Group of the Circle – Retraction and Fixed Points
Unit II: The Fundamental Group
The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra – The Borsuk –Ulam Theorem –
Deformation Retracts and Homotopy Type – The Fundamental Group of Sn– Fundamental
Groups of Some Surfaces
Unit III: Separation Theorem in the Plane
The Jordan Separation Theorem – Invariance of Domain – The Jordan Curve Theorem –
Imbedding Graphs in the Plane
Unit IV: The Seifert –van Kampen Theorem
Direct Sums of Abelian Groups – Free Products of Groups – Free Groups – The Seifert –
vanKampen Theorem – The Fundamental Group of a Wedge of Circles
Unit V: Classification of Surfaces
Fundamental Groups of Surfaces – Homology of Surfaces – Cutting and Pasting – The
Classification Theorem – Constructing Compact Surfaces
Treatment as in:
J. R. Munkres, Topology, Second Edition, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2006.
Unit I: Chapter 9 (Sec 51-55)
Unit II: Chapter 9 (Sec 56-60)
Unit III: Chapter 10 (Sec 61-64)
Unit IV: Chapter 11 (Sec 67-71)
Unit V: Chapter 12 (Sec 74-78)
References:
1. J. Dugundiji, Topology, Allyn and Bacon, Boston, 1966.
2. W. S. Massey, Algebraic Topology- An Introduction, Springer-Verlag , New York, 1976.
M. Phil. /Ph.D. Mathematics (2018-19 onwards) Page 14 of 18
PAPER III – 11) OPERATOR THEORY
Unit I: The Kato decomposition property
Hyper-Kernel and Hyper-Range of an operator- Semi-regular operators on Banach
spaces- Analytical core of an operator- The Semi-regular spectrum of an operator.
Unit II: The Kato decomposition property
The Generalized Kato decomposition- Semi-Fredholm operators- Quasi-nilpotent of
operator- Two-Spectral mapping theorems.
Unit III: The Single-valued Extension Property (SVEP)
Local spectrum and SVEP- The SVEP at a point- A Local spectral mapping theorem.
Unit IV: The Single-valued Extension Property (SVEP) & The SVEP and Fredholm
Theory
The Single-valued Extension Property (SVEP): Algebraic spectral subspaces.
The SVEP and Fredholm Theory: Ascent, descent and the SVEP- The SVEP for operators of
Kato type.
Unit V: The SVEP and Fredholm Theory
The SVEP on the components of 𝜌𝑘 (𝑇)- The Fredholm, Weyl and Browder spectra –
Compressions.
Treatment as in:
P. Aiena, Fredholm and Local Spectral Theory, with Applications to Multipliers,
Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, Boston, DorDrecht, London, Moscow, 2004.
Unit I: Chapter 1- Sections 1-4
Unit II: Chapter 1- Sections 5-8
Unit III: Chapter 2- Sections 1-3
Unit IV: Chapter 2- Section 4
Chapter 3- Sections 1-2
Unit V: Chapter 3- Sections 3-5
References:
1. J. B. Conway, A Course in Functional Analysis, Second Edition, Springer- Velag,
New York, 1990.
2. K. B. Lawsen, M. M. Neumann, An Introduction to Local Spectral Theory, London
Mathematical Society, Monographs 20, Clarendon press, Oxford, 2000.
M. Phil. /Ph.D. Mathematics (2018-19 onwards) Page 15 of 18
PAPER III –12) FUZZY SETS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
UNIT - I
CRISP SETS AND FUZZY SETS: Introduction –Crisp Sets: An Overview-The Notion of Fuzzy
Sets - Classical Logic: An Overview –Fuzzy Logic. OPERATIONS ON FUZZY SETS: General
Discussion –Fuzzy Complement-Fuzzy Union –Fuzzy Intersection – Combinations of Operations –
General Aggregation Operations. FUZZY MEASURES: Belief and Plausibility measures-
Probability measures –possibility and Necessity measures.
UNIT – II
FUZZY SYSTEMS: General Discussion – Fuzzy Controllers: An Overview – Fuzzy Controllers:
An Example – Fuzzy Systems and Neural Networks – Fuzzy Automata – Fuzzy Dynamic Systems.
PATTERN RECOGNITION: Introduction – Fuzzy clustering-Fuzzy pattern Recognition - Fuzzy
Image Processing. APPLICATIONS: General Discussion - Natural,life, and Social Sciences-
Engineering –Medicine-Management and Decision Making - Computer Science-Systems Science -
Other Applications.
UNIT – III
FUZZY GRAPHS: Introduction – Operations on fuzzy Graphs – Cartesian Product and
Composition – Union and Join paths and Connectivity- Bridges and Cut Vertices- Forests and
trees- Trees and cycles- A Characterization of Fuzzy Trees –Fuzzy Cut Sets- Fuzzy Chords- Fuzzy
Cotrees - Fuzzy Line Graphs-Fuzzy Interral Graphs- Fuzzy Intersection Graphs-The Fulkerson and
Gross Characterization-The Gilmore and Hoffman Characterization.
UNIT – IV
INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY SETS: Definition - operations and Relations-Properties - Intuitionistic
Fuzzy sets of a Certain Level - Necessity and possibility Operators –Topological Operators-
Geometrical Interpretations.
UNIT – V
INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY RELATIONS: Cartesian Products over IFSS – Index Matrix-Basic
Definition and properties - Other Definitions and properties - Intuitionistic Fuzzy Index Matrices-
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Relations- Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graphs – Example- Experts who order
Alternatives –Measurement tools that Evaluate Alternatives- Some Ways of Determining
Membership and Non-membership Functions.
Treatment as in:
UNIT I and UNIT II
1. George J. Klir and Bo Yuan, Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic: Theory and Applications Prentice
Hall of India Private Limited. New Delhi,2008.
UNIT III
2.John N. Mordeson and Premchand S. Nair,Fuzzy Graphs and Fuzzy Hypergraphs, Physica-
Verlag Heidelberg,2000.
UNIT IV and UNIT V
3. Krassimir T Atanassov, On Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets Theory, Springer - Verlag,
Heidelberg, 1999.
References:
1. A.I. Ban, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Measures: Theory and Applications, Nova Science
Publishers, New York, 2006.
2. J.J. Buckley, E. Eslami, An Introduction to Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy Sets, Physica- verlag,
Heidelberg,2002.
M. Phil. /Ph.D. Mathematics (2018-19 onwards) Page 16 of 18
PAPER III – 13) ADVANCED TOPICS IN FLUID DYNAMICS
UNIT I:
Some features of viscous flows : Real and ideal fluids – Viscosity - Reynolds number – Laminar
and turbulent flows – Asymptotic behavior at large Reynolds number. Boundary layer theory:
Boundary layer concepts – Laminar boundary layer on a flat plate – Turbulent boundary layer on
a flat plate – Fully developed turbulent flow in a pipe
UNIT II :
Field Equations for flows of Newtonian field : Continuity equation – Momentum equation
– Navier Stokes equation – Energy equation – Equation of motion for arbitrary co-
ordinate systems – Exact solution of Navier stokes equation – Steady plane flows : Couette –
Poiseuille flow – Flow past a circular cylinder – Steady axisymmetric flows – Circular Pipe flow
– Flow between two concentric rotating cylinders
UNIT III:
Thermal boundary layers in laminar flow: Derivation of the energy equation -
Temperatureincrease through adiabatic compression - Stagnation temperature – Theory of
similarity in heat transfer - Exact solutions for the problem of temperature distribution in a
viscous flow - Boundary layer simplifications.
UNIT IV:
Magnetohydrodynamics: Electrodynamics of moving media – The electromagnetic effects
andthe magnetic Reynolds number - Alfven's theorem – The magnetic energy - The
mechanical equations - Basic equations for the incompressible MHD - Steady Laminar motion -
Hartmann flow.
UNIT V:
Magneto hydrodynamic waves - waves in an infinite fluid of infinite electrical
conductivity -Alfven waves - Magnetohydrodynamic waves in a compressible fluid - Magneto
acoustic waves- Slow and Fast waves - Stability - Physical concepts – Linear Pinch-Kink -
Sausage and Flute types of instability - Method of small oscillations – Jeans criterion for
gravitational stability.
Treatment as in
1. H. Schlichting, K. Gersten, Boundary - Layer Theory, Springer-Verlag, New York,
2003, Relevant topics from chapter 1,2,3,5 and 12.
2. V. C. A. Ferraro and C. Plumpton, An Introduction to Magneto Fluid Dynamics,
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966, Relevant topics from chapters 1,2,3 and 5.
References:
1. P. A. Davidson, An Introduction to Magneto hydrodynamics, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, 2001.
2. P. K. Kundu, I. M. Cohen, Fluid Mechanics, Academic Press, London, 2002.
M. Phil. /Ph.D. Mathematics (2018-19 onwards) Page 17 of 18
PAPER III –14) GENERAL TOPOLOGY
Unit -I Identification Topology; Weak Topology
Identification Topology - Subspaces-General Theorems-Spaces with Equivalence Relations
- Cones andSuspensions-Attaching of spaces - The Relation K(f) for continuous Maps- weak
Topologies.
Unit -II Function Spaces
The Compact -open Topology- Continuity of Composition; The Evaluation Map –
CartesianProducts- Application to Identification Topologies-Basis for ZY -Compact Subsets of ZY-
Sequential Convergence in the c-Topology - Metric Topologies; Relation to the c-Topology-
Pointwise Convergence-Comparison of Topologies in ZY.
Unit -III Homotopy
Homotopy-Homotopy classes-Homotopy and Function Spaces - Relative Homotopy-
Retracts andExtendability -Deformation Retraction and Homotopy-Homotopy and Extendability-
Applications.
Unit-IV Maps into Spheres and Topology of En
Degree of a Map SnSn-Brouwer's Theorem -Further applications of the degree of a Map-
Maps of Spheres into Sn- Maps of Spaces into Sn - Borsuk's Antipodal Theorem -Degree and
Homotopy-Components of Compact Sets in En+1-Borsuk's Separation Theorem -Domain Invariance
-Deformations ofSubsets of En+1 - The Jordan Curve Theorem.
Unit-V Path Spaces,H-Spaces and Fiber Spaces
Path Spaces - H-Structures - H-Homomorphisms- H-Spaces- Units - Inversion -
Associativity -Path Spaces on H-Spaces - Fiber Spaces - Fiber Spaces for the Class of All Spaces-
The UniformizationTheorem of Hurewicz- Locally Trivial Fiber Structures.
Text Book:
1. J.Dugundiji, Topology, Allyn and Bacon ,Boston ,Twelfth printing 1978.
Unit-I :Chapter VI(page 120-131)
Unit-II :Chapter XII(page 257-274)
Unit-III:Chapter XV(page 315-330)
Unit-IV :Chapter XVI(page 335-361)
Unit-V :Chapter XIX(page 376-404)
Reference Book:
1. J.R.Munkres,Topology,Second Edition,Pearson Education, New Delhi,2006.
2. W.S.Massey,Algebraic Topology - An Introduction,Springer-Verlag,New York,1976.
