CHAPTER III

Methods and Procedure

This chapter pictures the methods that was used in the research. It will also present the
study’s main subject, the instruments used, the procedure of data gathering and the statistical
treatment of the data.

This study aims to know if it is timely relevant for the students of Saint Anne’s Catholic
School to use music as a form of therapy to their mental health specifically Grade 10 students.

Method of Research Used

Descriptive research is defined as a research method that describes the characteristics of

the population or phenomenon that is being studied. This methodology focuses more on the
“what” of the research subject rather than the “why” of the research subject.

Exploring Second Language Classroom Research is a comprehensive book written by two

significant figures in the field, David Nunan and Kathleen M. Bailey in 2009. Providing a wide
range of perspectives on language classroom research in general terms, the authors give place for
a wide range of issues from research methods to data analysis procedures along with sample
research studies in the field including some sample tasks for reflection and application. The
information it provides makes the book a significant resource as it presents a broad perspective
from main research traditions to current issues with an aim to help researchers develop practical
research skills. These issues are employed under four main parts including fifteen chapters which
are organized around a number of significant thematic issues. The book is especially intended for
researchers and language teachers and educators interested in classroom research, besides many
scholars from sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, applied linguistics, etc. find the book very
comprehensive and highly regarded for their research studies. This book is helpful for the novice
researchers as an introduction to conducting language classroom research as it provides an
overview of the research steps comprehensively along with data analyses procedures.
 A descriptive research design can use a wide variety of quantitative and qualitative
methods to investigate one or more variables. Unlike in experimental research, the researcher
does not control or manipulate any of the variables, but only observes and measures them.

Quantitative research is defined as the systematic investigation of phenomena by

gathering quantifiable data and performing statistical, mathematical or computational techniques.
Quantitative research gathers information from existing and potential customers using sampling
methods and sending out online surveys, online polls, questionnaires etc., the results of which
can be depicted in the form of numerical. After careful understanding of these numbers to predict
the future of a product or service and make changes accordingly.

This study used descriptive method of research because it aims to know how huge the
need for music therapy in students of SACS is. It used this method to also see the stand of the
students themselves. It also used quantitative method to see the numbers of students who suffers
from mental health problems, uses music to treat their minds and also the number of students
who don’t use music as their therapy nor suffering from mental health problems.

Sampling

We conducted a survey to know if it is applicable to use music as a medical therapy for

students of Saint Anne’s Catholic School.

The main respondents of this study are the grade 10 level in Saint Anne’s Catholic
School. The graduating students were chosen to be the respondents because mental problems
occurs within their ages. In addition, because they are the most likely the experienced students
therefore, they could answer the questions/survey easily and exactly based on what they felt or
what they observed.

Steps in doing the research survey:

Step I: We identified the students whom we’d use as the main subject of the study.
 Step II: With the help of internet, we constructed the best questions to be put in the
questionnaire to get the best result. We worked hard to make it uncomplicated for the Grade
10 students.

Step III: We printed the questionnaire and prepared other materials to be used in research.

Step IV: We checked their class schedule to know the best time to conduct the survey and
we get a permission from their subject teacher.

Step V: We entered their classroom, introduce ourselves and explained the purpose of our
survey.

Step VI: After answering, we collected all the papers and thanked them.

Step VII: We evaluated the answered papers.

Instrument

First Instrument: Survey

Survey research is a quantitative and qualitative method with two important

characteristics. First, the variables of interest are measured using self-reports. In essence, survey
researchers ask their participants (who are often called respondents in survey research) to report
directly on their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. Second, considerable attention is paid to
the issue of sampling. In particular, survey researchers have a strong preference for large random
samples because they provide the most accurate estimates of what is true in the population.

A Survey is defined as a research method used for collecting data from a pre-defined
group of respondents to gain information and insights on various topics of interest. Surveys have
a variety of purposes and can be carried out in many ways depending on the methodology chosen
and the objectives to be achieved.
 The data is usually obtained through the use of standardized procedures whose purpose is
to ensure that each respondent is able to answer the questions at a level playing field to avoid
biased opinions that could influence the outcome of the research or study. A survey involves
asking people for information through a questionnaire, which can be distributed on paper,
although with the arrival of new technologies it is more common to distribute them using digital
media such as social networks, email, QR codes or URLs.

We used a 5-point Likert Scale to evaluate the given items.

• What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

A. gender;

B. age

• Do students use music as a stress reliever in their studies?

• How does music helps or affects them in their studies?

Scale Range Description

5 4.21-5.00 Strongly Agree (SA)

4 3.41-4.20 Agree (A)

3 2.61- 3.40 Neutral (N)

2 1.81-2.60 Disagree (D)

1 1.00-2.80 Strongly Disagree (SD)

 Data Gathering Process

We identified the students whom we’d use as the main subject of the study. We decided
to choose graduating students specifically grade 10 and 1st to 2nd honor students of each grade
level’s section. With the help of internet, we constructed the best questions to be put in the
questionnaire to get the best result. We worked hard to make it uncomplicated for the Grade 10
students. We then printed the questionnaire and prepared other materials to be used in research.
Next is we checked their class schedule to know the best time to conduct the survey and we get a
permission from their subject teacher. We entered their classroom, introduce ourselves and
explained the purpose of our survey. Also, as they get the questionnaires, we explained the
questions one by one. After answering, we collected all the papers and thanked them. We gave
little token of appreciation for their cooperation. Lastly, we evaluated the papers that were
answered by the grade 10 students.

Statistical Treatment

 Mean- is often called the average. To find the mean you take a set of data and calculate

the sum of the data, after that you divide the sum by the number of pieces in the

set.

Example

Find the mean of the following data set:

56, 35, 45, 67, 12, 24, 48, 55, 58, 30

56+35+45+67+12+24+48+55+58+30 = 10

= 430 =43
10
 The mean = 43
 Median- is the number in an ordered set of data that is in the middle.

If we have a set of data with an odd number of data points then the median is the data
point in the middle.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

If we have a set of data with an even number of data points, then the median is the mean

of the two data points in the middle

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

4+5 = 9 = 4.5
2 2
The Median= 4.5

 Mode- is the most common number in the set of data.

Example

2,5,6,2,2,2,5,6,22,5,6,2,2,2,5,6,2

The mode = 2

• Percentage - is a portion of a whole expressed as a number between 0 and 100 rather than

as a fraction. All of something is 100 percent, half of it is fifty percent, and none of

something is zero percent.

• Frequency- measures how often things repeat over time. City buses often reach stops at a

frequency of every 15 minutes, unless it's snowing or raining really hard. In that case, the

frequency will slow.