NSTP 002
Introduction to First Aid & Shock Characteristics of a First aider
First Aid – an immediate help provided to a sick Gentle
person/injured until professional medical help Resourceful
arrive. Observant
Tactful
Objective of First Aid
Empathetic
Preserve life Respectful
Prevent further harm & complications
Hindrances in giving First Aid
Seek immediate medical help
Provide reassurance 1. Unfavorable surroundings
2. The presence of crowds
Legal concerns
3. Pressure from victims or relatives
1. Consent
Prevention & Protection
2. Duty to act
3. Standard to care Body Substance Isolation (BSI) - are
4. Negligence precautions taken to isolate or prevent
5. Abandonment risk of exposure from any type of bodily
6. Confidentiality substance.
Basic precautions & practices
First Aider’s Responsibility
Personal Hygiene
Ensures safety of himself and that of Protective equipment
bystanders.
Disease Transmission
Gain access to the victim
Determine any threat to victim’s life. Infectious diseases are those that can
Provide the needed care of the victim spread from one person
Fills the gap between the victim and the
Direct contact
physician
Bites/Vectors
Summon advanced medical care as
Indirect contact
needed
Air bone Transmission
Record all findings & care given to the
victim
Assist advanced personal
NSTP 002
FIRST AID Face-pale
Equipment and Supplies Skin-cold and clammy
Rubbing alcohol Breathing-irregular
Gloves Pulse-rapid and weak
Povidone iodine Nausea and vomiting
Scissors Weakness
Cotton Thirsty
Forceps
Causes of shock
Gauge pads
Triangular Bandage Severe bleeding
Tongue depressor Crushing injury
Elastic roller bandage Infection
Penlight Heart attack
Occlusive dressing Perforation
Band aid Shell bomb & bullet wound
Plaster Rupture of tubal pregnancies
Anaphylaxis
Cloth materials
Starvation & disease
Dressing – sterile cloth to cover wound.
Objectives
Bandage – sterile or not used to hold the
dressing 1. Improve circulation of blood
2. Ensure an adequate supply of oxygen
Shock – condition in which the circulatory system
fails to deliver enough oxygen; is a depressed First Aid management
condition of many functions due to failure of Make the person lie down
enough blood to circulate throughout the body Control any internal/external bleeding
following serious injury. Legs may be raised 6 to 12 inches.
Dangers Help the person maintain the normal
body temperature
Lead to death
Do not give the person anything to drink
Predisposes body infection
or eat
Lead to loss of body parts
Reassure the person every so often
Signs & symptoms of shock
NSTP 002
First aid & preventive management for shock Note: 10-14 mins. Every 3-4 hours.
Open wound
posture
PROPER heat the outer layer of the skin is broken
transfer
Classification
Wound, Burn & Poisoning Puncture (tusok)
Abrasions (gasgas)
Soft tissue injuries
Lacerations (punit-mababaw)
Wound - is a break in the continuity of a tissue of Avulsion (natuklap yung balat/wakwak)
the body either internal or external Incision (Hiwa-malalim)
Close wound Amputation (may naputol na parting
katawan)
Blunt objects resulting in contusion or
bruises. Dangers of open wound
Application of external forces Hemorrhage
Signs and symptoms Infection
Shock
Pain & tenderness
Swelling First aid management for open wound with
Discoloration severe bleeding.
Hematoma
C – control bleeding
Uncontrolled restlessness
C – Cover the wound
Thirst
C – Care for shock
Symptoms of shock
C – Call or refer to physician
Vomiting or cough of blood
Passage of blood in the urine or feces
Sign of blood along mouth, nose & ear.
First aid management for close wound
I – Ice application
C – compression
E – Elevation
S – Splinting
NSTP 002
First aid management Factors to Determine the Seriousness of Thermal
Burns
Wound with Bleeding Not Severe
The depth
(Home Care)
1st degree – superficial thickness burn
Clean the wound with soap and water.
2nd degree – partial thickness burn
Apply mild antiseptics.
3rd degree – full thickness burn
Cover wound with dressing and
bandage. The Extent to the affected Body Surface
Area-Rule of Nine, Rule of Palm
Burn - are injuries to the skin and to other body
Location of the Burns
tissues that is cause by heat, chemicals,
Victim’s Age and Medical Condition
electricity or radiations.
Care for Thermal Burn
Common causes of burn
First- and Second-degree burn
1. Carelessness with match and cigarette
smoking. Relieve pain by immersing the burned
area in cold water or by applying a wet,
2. Scald from hot liquid.
cold cloth. If cold water is unavailable,
3. Defective heating, cooking and electrical use any cold liquid you drink to reduce
equipment. the burned skin’s temperature.
4. Immersion in overheated bath water. Third Degree Burn
5. Use of such chemicals such as lye, Cover the burn with a dry, non-sticking,
strong acids and strong detergents. sterile dressing or a clean cloth.
Types of Burn injuries Treat the victim for shock by elevating
Thermal burns - not all thermal burns are caused the legs and keeping the victim warm
by flames. Contact with hot objects, flammable with a clean sheet or blanket.
vapor that ignites and causes a flash or an
explosion, and steams or hot liquid are other
common causes of burns.
NSTP 002
Chemical burns - Chemicals will continue to Check the ABCs (Airway, Breathing,
cause tissue destruction until the chemical Circulation). Provide Rescue
agent is removed. Breathing or Cardiopulmonary
Care for Chemical Burn Resuscitation if needed
Immediately remove the chemical If the victim fell, check for spine injury
by flushing with water. Treat the victim for shock
Remove the victim’s Seek medical attention immediately.
contaminated clothing while Electrical injuries are treated in burn
flushing with water. centers.
Flush for 20 mins. or longer. Let
Assessment of Surface Area Burn
the victim wash with mild soap
Rule of Nine – Adults
before a final rinse.
Cover the burned area with a dry
dressing or for large areas use
clean pillowcase.
If the chemical is in the eye, flush
it for 20mins. using low pressure.
Seek medical attention Assessment of Surface Area Burn
immediately for all chemical Rule of Palm for Children
burns.
Electrical burn - The injury/severity from
exposure to electrical current depends on the
type of current (direct or alternating), the
voltage, the area of the body exposed and
the duration of contact.
Care for Electrical Burn
Unplug, disconnect, or turn off the
power. If that is impossible call the
Power Company or ask for help
