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Power System Analysis

The document discusses the per unit system used for power system analysis. It defines the per unit system as representing quantities as a ratio of their actual to base values, allowing values to be normalized and independent of different voltage levels. This allows circuit laws to still apply and simplifies computations. Examples are provided of converting impedances to per unit values using different common bases and drawing per unit impedance diagrams of power systems.

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Umer Ghouri
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
36 views

Power System Analysis

The document discusses the per unit system used for power system analysis. It defines the per unit system as representing quantities as a ratio of their actual to base values, allowing values to be normalized and independent of different voltage levels. This allows circuit laws to still apply and simplifies computations. Examples are provided of converting impedances to per unit values using different common bases and drawing per unit impedance diagrams of power systems.

Uploaded by

Umer Ghouri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POWER SYSTEM Per Unit System

ANALYSIS
Per Unit System
• Ratio of actual quantity to the base quantity
• Relative magnitudes
• Narrow range
• Independent of transformer primary or secondary windings
• Ideal for computations
• Same unit for all quantities
• Circuit laws are valid
• Factors of 3 and 3 are eliminated

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Per Unit System
• Per-unit value = actual valueΤbase value

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Change of Base
• Given values = old base
• Apparatus rating = old base
• System common base = new base
• Old base denoted by 1
• New base denoted by 2

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Example
• The one-line diagram of a three-phase power system is shown in figure. Select a common base of
100 MVA and 22 kV on the generator side. Draw an impedance diagram with all impedances
including the load impedance marked in per-unit. The manufacturer’s data for each device is given
as follows:

• The three-phase load at bus 4 absorbs 57 MVA, 0.6 power factor lagging at 10.45 kV. Line 1 and
line 2 have reactances of 48.4 and 65.43 ohms, respectively.

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Example Solution

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Example
• The motor of previous example operates at full-load 0.8 power factor leading at a terminal voltage
of 10.45 kV
a) Determine the voltage at the generator bus bar (bus 1)
b) Determine the generator and the motor internal emfs

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Example
• Draw an impedance diagram for the electric power system shown in figure below showing all
impedances in per unit on a 100-MVA base. Choose 20 kV as the voltage base for generator. The
three-phase power and line-line ratings are given below.

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Example
• A 300-MVA 20-kV three-phase generator has a sub-transient reactance of 20%. The generator
supplies a number of synchronous motors over a 64-km transmission line having transformers at
both ends, as shown on the one-line diagram. The motor, all rated 13.2 kV, are represented by just
two equivalent motors. The neutral of one motor is grounded through reactance. The neutral of the
second motor is not connected to ground. Rated inputs to the motors are 200 MVA and 100 MVA for
𝑀1 and 𝑀2 respectively. For both motors 𝑋𝑑" = 20%. The three-phase transformer 𝑇1 is rated 350
MVA, 230/20 kV with leakage reactance of 10%. Transformer 𝑇2 is composed of three single-phase
transformers, each rated 127/13.2 kV, 100 MVA with leakage reactance of 10%. Series reactance of
the transmission line is 0.5 Ω/km. Draw the reactance diagram with all reactances marked in per
unit. Select the generator rating as base in the generator circuit.

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