18 BINOMIAL THEOREM (POSITIVE

INTEGRAL INDICES)____________
1. Expand (1 + x + x2)6 in ascending powers of x as far as x4.

2. Expand (x + * )4(x - i ) 4.

Topic 18 Binomial Theorem (Positive Integral Indices) 45

3. Find the term independent of x in the expansion of (x - | ) 3(x + | ) 5 --------
19
1. U

4. Let (? ) = =^ . Evaluate ( “ ) + ( ? ) + ( “ ) + ... H \\ ).

2. I:

n(n - l)(n - 2)...(n - r + 1) n\

L e t ( r ) - r! ~ r ! ( n - r)! ‘

Evaluate■(V ) + (a*) + ( 5 ) + (V ) + (V ) + ( “ ).

46 Topic 18 Binomial Theorem Dzs : , e ~:ez~a ' indices)

18 BINOMICAL THEOREM 3. For or-

(POSITIVE INTEGRAL INDICES)

1. ( l + x + x 2)6
= [1 + (x + X2)]6
= 1 + 6 (x + x2) + 15 (x + x; )" - 20 (x - x2)3 + 15 (x + x2)4 +...
For x -
= 1 + 6 (x + x2) +15 (x: - 2x-' - i - 20 (x3 + 3x2 (x2)+ ...) + 15 (x4 +...)
=1 + 6x + 6x2
+ 15x- + 3Ox-' —15x~

= 1 + 6x ~21x: - 5Ox- -
U -.

2. ( x + i l U '- i r
= [(x + + ) i x - ^
if the :e
= [A'; ~ I x Y
= (x; r - 4 IX: r — - - -0 : ^ + : M ^ )3 + ( ^ ) 4

For tx -
= X'- - -+X~ - 0 -
Forix -

The ten

= i:

48 Topic IBB!

I
 3. For ( x - I ) 3, «r+1= -3-r
(-^ )r

IPICES) = ( - l) r
' 3 A
x3 - r- r
r
v y
f o. A
1-3 - 2r
= (- i y r
\

For (x + j ) 5, us+i = xs- s ( l ) s

ur+...)

x ■5- s - s

X-■5- 2 s
S
A

Mr+l Us+i = (- l)r X 3~2r X t-5 - 2s

vr J KS J
r * \
■3 - 2r + 5 - 2s
= (- l)r
v yv.
if the term is independent of x, 8 - 2r - 2s = 0
4 - r —s = 0
r+s =4
For (x —i ) 3 , 0 r <, 3
For (x + ^ )5, 0 <; 5 <; 5
y.r = 0, s = 4 ; r = 1, s = 3 ; r = 2, s = 2 ; r = 3, s = 1;
The term independent of x

=(-1)°V « A ' / + (-1 )

v 1 ;v 3 y
+ (~ I)2 !■ 2
✓\
2 1+ ( - 1)3
y

= 3 x 5 - 3 x i n - 3 x 10 —1 x 5
= 10

Topic 18 Binomial Theorem (positive integral indices) 49

 'i n n n ' 11 ^
4. (1 + l ) 11 = + f 1 1 1+ + ... + 11
0 1 y V 2 y
y \
11 ' n r ' 11 11
0 + i + 2 + ... +
11 /
= 211

= 2048

f i n n r ' n ' r 1 1 "

f 1 1 1 f 1 1 1
5 . ( l - l ) n = ^ + . —
: i + : 3 ■ + 1 0
o r
v y \ J l n J

11 11 ii ' 11 "

0=[ +
0 4 ...
, 10 }
11 11 ' 11 ^
+ ... +
r i Vn 4
"n" 'ii ' 11 " n o n o ' 11 "
— -f + + . . +
i 1 + 5 “ 5 ’ ■■' 11 0 2 10 /
v y \ y
2048

= 1 0 2 4

50 Topic 18 Binomial Theorem P: < : - e -:=£-= ~c : es