CONSIDERATION OF

USERS’ PREFERENCES
AND SATISFACTION ON
PROJECT REQUIREMENT
FORMULATION
(Case of Residential Apartments in Dar es Salaam)

[Year]

SUPERVISOR

DR. OMBENI SWAI

 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FIELD REPORT

ABSTRACT
This study aims at investigating
the extent of consideration of BENJAMIN ALPHONCE 8813/T.2016
users’ preferences and
KISAMO AMAN 8883/T.2016
satisfaction in project
requirements formulation, MAKANGARA ERICA JOHN 8829/T.2016
particularly for the case of
residential apartments. MOLLEL BRIAN 8848/T.2016

A number of residential
apartments are developed on the daily basis by both public and private bodies with additional
facilities and services to accompany the residential purpose and invite more customers not
only for accommodation purpose but also for other activities such as commercial,
entertainment, dining and others, thus this study aims at identifying if the provided facilities
are according to the expected users preferences and efficiently utilized.

A field survey was conducted in three apartments, two developed by a public agency that is
NHC and one developed by private individuals where interviews were conducted to the
developers and questionnaires were provided to the users and some developers.

The data obtained from both sources were statistically analyzed and appropriate
recommendations were made.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, we would like to extend our heartfelt gratitude to the Lord for his guidance and
enabling us to complete this report with good health.

We also express our sincere appreciation to our supervisor Dr. Ombeni Swai for the valuable
guidance and skills shared throughout the time of this study. Without him we would not have
completed such an assignment with gratitude.

We acknowledge the management at Ardhi University tot let us utilize their premises during
the study.

We extend our grateful thanks to the developers and managerial members of the following
apartments Eco-Residence Apartment – Hanna Nassif, Victoria Place- Makumbusho and
Palm Village – Mikocheni for granting us permission to undertake the study in their
apartments and conduct interviews with them.

We would like to thank the residents, customers and some workers of Eco-Residence
Apartment – Hanna Nassif, Victoria Place- Makumbusho and Palm Village – Mikocheni
areas who took the trouble to respond to our inquiries, without them the study would not
have been a success.

We heartily thank our parents, colleagues and all who directly and indirectly have lent their
valuable contribution towards the successful completion of the study.
 CHAPTER 01

INTRODUCTION

1.1: RESEARCH BACKGROUND

According to Business Dictionary, an apartment is a residential structure with several individual
apartments and a common entrance and hallway; it may also have some shops on the ground or
first floor.

For many years around the world in urban development, many housing developers have been
formulating users requirements based on the norms of design standards and sometimes based on
market trends without knowing who will be the specific users of the apartments. Housing
developers in different countries are exploring ways to deliver high levels of customization in
housing design (E.Hofman, J.I.M Halman, n.d.). In such cases there have been some scenarios
where the users’ preferences are overlooked or over provided by prediction which in the end
leads to unutilized space. To produce this variety economically, it is important to know how
users prioritize the different parts of design.

From the conception of a project, the key objective should be to capture the clients’ preferences
either explicit or implicit, to interpret them into requirements and to manage the conformity of
technical solutions in different phases of the design and construction processes (Huovila and
Séren, 1998).

The recent history of architecture has been marked by an increasing involvement of architects
with client-user groups with whom they previously have had little or no contact. Commissions
are obtained by architects not only in their own communities, but throughout the country, and for
some firms, throughout the world. They are obtained not only with clients from the same socio-
economic class, or even the ruling elite as was the case in previous centuries, but with client
groups having widely diverse socio-economic and ethnic backgrounds (Appleyard, 1969). Often
the clients represent user groups with special age, health, or mobility problems (Carp, 1970).
Occasionally user groups or potential user groups are as large or ill-defined as to be virtually
unobservable in any primary way. And almost invariably, because of pressures brought on by
rapidly increasing construction costs, the architect is expected to perform his services in the
shortest conceivable period of time, "fast-tract" becoming the common-place rather than the
exception.
 The designer’s predictions of the product usage and performance may not always match the
user’s expectations and actual usage (Hasdogan, 1996). However, the strong relationship
between value and client requirements, especially user requirements, demands a better
understanding of the nature of these requirements.

From a technological view-point architects appear to be managing quite well under these
circumstances. New buildings for all clients and users incorporate the finest of materials and
systems to provide physical conveniences far beyond those offered in previous times. The
buildings are sturdy, durable, and often quite attractive, at least from the architect's point of view.
There is an increasing awareness that such buildings may be excessively consumptive of energy
and resources, but there is now evidence even here that architects will be able to make the
necessary adjustments (Ba1chen, 1974).Where the system often seems to break down is in terms
of user satisfaction (Michelson, 1967). Architects seem to have neither the time nor the ability to
come to know and understand the pluralistic user groups for whom they are designing. In
consequence they seem prone to design environments which compromise the aspirations of these
groups and at worst are intolerable for them, as with the Pruitt-Igo Housing Development in St.
Louis (Yancey, 1971).

Now apartment houses are facing a switch of concept of homebuilders and consumers from
“products that are sold as built” to “products that are built well to be sold.” To comply with such
change, homebuilders consider houses as products and provide various services to satisfy high
demand and requirement to meet the expectation of the market differentiation. To assure
continuity in changing housing market, firms strive to develop housing products to enhance the
residential satisfaction. (Hae Lee Yim, Byeong Hun Lee, Ju Hyung Kim, and Jae Jun Kim, 2009)

Housing satisfaction is the degree of contentment experienced by an individual or a family

member with regard to the current housing situation. (Varady & Preiser, 1998) defined Housing
satisfaction as the "perceived gap between a respondent’s needs and aspiration and the reality of
the current residential context". The concept of housing satisfaction has been used as a key
predictor of an individual’s perceptions of general “quality of life” (Djebarni & Al-Abed, 2000).
According to Ogu (2002) the concept of housing or residential satisfaction is often employed to
evaluate residents’ perceptions of and feelings for their housing units and the environment.
Housing satisfaction is influenced by a broad array of objective and subjectively perceived
conditions (Theodori, 2001). Habitability of a house is influenced not only by the engineering
elements, but also by social, behavioral, cultural, and other elements in the entire societal-
environmental system. The house is only one link in a chain of factors that determine people’s
relative satisfaction with their accommodation. Satisfaction on housing and neighborhood
conditions are one of the important indicators that reflect quality of life. These indicators are also
important in the process of evaluating housing policy with the objective to increase the quality of
housing and neighborhood.
Scholars provide the concept of housing satisfaction variously. However, Fried and Gleicher
initially tried to establish the concept of housing satisfaction, who asserted the residents’
satisfaction is more appropriate than the characteristic of construction to evaluate the housing
quality among various residential concepts. (Park, Jong Oh, et al., 2009). Housing satisfaction
not only evaluates the quality of residential environment by measuring the satisfaction level of
individuals’ residential environment and its value, but also is a valid method to deduce designs or
policies to improve the quality of residential environment.

Until recently, the study of discovering residents’ satisfaction in terms of the apartment housing
management was insufficiently conducted due to more prioritized housing supply (Hae Lee Yim,
Byeong Hun Lee, Ju Hyung Kim, and Jae Jun Kim, 2009). However, expanding the lifespan of
building by concentrating on maintenance and management of supplied apartment houses, and
increasing residents’ residential satisfaction seem to become more important than other
attributes.

Lynch (1997) hypothesized the residential environment is not just a simple combination of
buildings and streets, but an organization of construction, nature, ecosystem, weather, and etc., In
Sung (2004) hypothesized the residential environment from the relationship with houses is
created for each individual from a housing view based on housing location and a perspective of
environment that connects the lifestyle of each individual and different aspects. Park, In Suk and
others (2008) identified the factor of residential environment as ‘perceived quality’ and
hypothesized it as consumers’ recognized products, internal structures, finishing materials,
construction status, and after-service.

In Tanzania for example between 2012 and 2015 there were a number of developers who
predicted the market trend by then plus borrowing experiences from abroad to formulate the
users’ preferences in order to make a project more interesting, long living and marketable to
users. Most of the residential projects were realized and currently they are in use.

Provision for swimming pools, shopping facilities, kid’s facilities was some of the luxurious
requirements which were included in the client requirements and thus formulating the users’
requirements. It is known that facilities such as swimming pools require heft investment in
structural system and construction techniques which definitely add more cost on the overall cost
of a building. Moreover, the cost of maintenance and upkeep of the functioning of such facilities
requires a huge amount of water and treatment costs during building operations.

Knowing that these projects (Eco-Residence Apartment – Hanna Nassif, Victoria Place-
Makumbusho and Palm Village – Mikocheni) are currently occupied by the current owners, it is
of the interest of this study to investigate the extent to which the above assumed would be the
users requirement have been effectively used by the apartment owners and whether they are
users’ preference. Therefore, the need for studies on consistent management of apartment
housing is desperately required. In addition it is the interest of the study to evaluate satisfaction
in the same buildings.

1.2: RESEARCH ISSUE

It has been observed that the existing apartments in Dar es Salaam and other parts of Tanzania
are formulated by assuming users’ requirements. It is not known to what extent these apartments
have met the expectation of the users, and how effectively have the occupants utilized all of the
provided requirements. In many of such scenarios the users’ preferences are either overlooked or
over provided by prediction, with luxurious requirements such as swimming pools, children
playing area, kindergarten, clubs, bars, restaurants, movie theatres, fitness and business center as
part of the client (house-developer) requirements are prominent based on the assumption that
they would suits the totality of the users’ occupancy. These provisions tend to increase the cost
during construction, operation and maintenance while not effectively utilized by the occupants
who are the intended users for that provision and also the occupants are not fully satisfied with
the existing spaces and refer to them as a boring place as they do not meet their preferences. This
study is thus designed to find out the effect of the quality of apartment houses on the users
residential satisfaction and corporation.

1.3: RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

1.3.1: MAIN OBJECTIVES
▪ To investigate the consideration of users’ preferences and satisfaction in residential
apartment in order to inform the future developer on what should be the necessary
requirements for the developers as per the users’ preferences.

1.3.2: SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

▪ To evaluate the effectiveness of usefulness of spaces provided in residential
apartments.
▪ To explore the extent of users’ preferences consideration and satisfaction for
residential apartments.
▪ To explore the frequency of use of the provided facilities.
▪ To evaluate the factors that influence users’ preferences.
1.4: RESEARCH QUESTIONS
● How are the provided spaces and facilities used in residential apartments?
● To what extent are users’ preferences considered for residential satisfaction?
● How frequent are the provided facilities utilized?
● What facilities favour users’ preferences in residential apartments?

1.5: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1.5.1: RESEARCH STRATEGY
1. Literature Review
This method involves collection of data from the field by physically visiting the site;
it involves equipment like cameras, sound recorders for data collection.
This will involve a study on relevant literature on users’ preferences and satisfaction
in residential apartments within Dar es Salaam and nearby regions within Tanzania
and in African context.

2. Case study
By this method several case studies will be enumerated and intensive analysis will be
done on them. There will be a number of case studies from residential apartments in
Dar es Salaam such as Victoria apartments, TBA and NHC relevant projects.

1.5.2: DATA COLLECTION TOOLS

These are ways that will be used to gather research information. They which will include

⮚ Observation of provided requirements and facilities in relation to the users’

preferences.
 ⮚ In-depth interviews and Questionnaire; the area of study covers Dar es Salaam city.
A standard questionnaire was prepared to look for the observation of users/
occupants.
⮚ Photography and sketches.

1.6: RESEARCH JUSTIFICATION

This research touches a wide range of people not just in Dar es Salaam but Tanzania at large.
Shelter being among the three basic needs of a human being, proves to be of great
importance demanding a variety of considerations to suit human comfort hence
understanding the whole processes involved from establishing client’s requirements, design,
construction and occupation stages is of a greater need. It impacts the society both socially
and economically and touches a number of people through all those stages from the client
(house-developer) up to the user (occupant). Hence understanding the users’ requirements in
alignment with the client’s requirements in development of residential apartments with the
proper context is of significance for the future generation.

The findings of this research are going to be used as the guide to house developers and
architects when developing the houses concepts so as to acquire more useful designs at the
end of the designing process.

If this research will not be done, the future apartments will repeat the same mistakes of
developing costly luxurious facilities in buildings with less or no use at all which becomes
the burden to apartment’s owners.
 CHAPTER 02

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION
The chapter presents the review of literature related to issues of mass housing, apartments falling
into that category in terms of their evolution, their development and trends together with policies
both political and land policies that contributed to growth and development of mass housing.
This chapter is structure to cover the following parts;

2.2 USERS PREFERENCES AND SATISFACTION IN

RESIDENTIAL APARTMENTS
2.2.1 RESIDENTIAL SATISFACTION
Various definitions of residential satisfaction have been provided in the previous chapter (chapter
1). Residential satisfaction is defined as the feeling of contentment when one has or achieved
what one needs or desires in a house.

There are various studies on the residential satisfaction that have been done by the professionals
and experts especially research on the characteristics of the users. According to (Abidin, et al.,
n.d.) There are four (4) characteristic from the finding of residential satisfaction which are socio-
demographic characteristics of residents, housing characteristics, neighborhood characteristics
and behavioral characteristics of residents

2.2.1.1 SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

Socio- demographics are characteristics of a population such as age, gender, ethnicity, education
level, income, marital status, years of experience, location and others (CheckMarket, n.d.).

Education appears to have insignificant effects in housing satisfaction (Lu, 1999). This statement
is also supported by the statement of another study (Campbell, 1976) where a positive
relationship has been found between housing satisfaction and age, income, education and job
status. Important factors also belong to residents’ characteristics such as age, income, duration of
residence and ownership of house (Lu, 1999). Some researchers (Lu, 1999; Chapman &
Lombard, 2006) stated that age gives a positive effect on residential satisfaction where older
people tend to be more satisfied with their dwelling than younger people.

Another study reported that higher income enables one to move to an attractive house in a good
neighborhood which may give higher levels of satisfaction (Frank & Enkawa, 2009).
Employment sector and household size also have a contributing significance to the residential
satisfaction level (Ibem & Aduwo, 2013) . Analysis done by other studies shows that socio-
demographic characteristics which are size of household, duration of residence, type of tenure is
positively correlated to overall residential satisfaction (Mohit & Azim, 2012) .

2.2.1.2 HOUSING CHARACTERISTIC

Housing characteristics seem to be more important than demographic characteristics since it
shows that building features such as number of bedrooms, size and location of kitchen and
quality of housing units are strongly related to residential satisfaction (Ariffin, 2010). Structural
indicators of housing is a significant factor affecting housing satisfaction in terms of housing
characteristics (Parkes, 2002) which include physical characteristic of housing such as laundry
and washing area, kitchen space, size of living area and dining area, number and level of sockets,
number of bedrooms and bathrooms, other aspect of housing such as housing quality, privacy
and housing services provided by developers such as safety and ventilation of the house.
Physical characteristics of the housing as comfort, quality of building, housing plan and size of
the house are significant in measuring the higher level of residential satisfaction (Türkoğlu,
1997).

2.2.1.3 NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTERISTIC

Neighborhood satisfaction is an important predictor of residential satisfaction (Mohit & Raja,
2014). This is due to the fact that some elements of the neighborhood such as safety from crimes
and accidents are positively linked with residential satisfaction. Also in some cases people within
different neighborhoods are dissatisfied because of the higher distance travelled for school, work,
medical centers, accessibility to the public transportation, community and shopping facilities and
physical environment variables (Ozo, 1990). Thus the residential satisfaction does not only rely
on the housing unit only but also the neighborhood (Parkes, 2002).

2.2.1.4 BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTIC OF RESIDENTS

Behavioral characteristics of the residents reflect their feelings about their residential satisfaction
and dissatisfaction (Mohit & Raja, 2014). The residents react differently with their housing
dissatisfaction. They may be adapting with the situation of their housing unit, or they may have
done some modification at the certain part of their housing unit, or it may lead to migration. It all
depends on the level of their dissatisfaction or the ability of relocation. The table below
concluded the variables involved in residential satisfaction studies.
 COMPONENTS DETERMINANTS ELEMENTS (VARIES ACCORDING
OF RESIDENTIAL TO OBJECTIVE OF STUDY)
SATISFACTION

1 Socio-demographic Demographic of Age, gender, marital status, income, duration

characteristic residents of residence, tenure status, race, education,
household size, job status etc.
Socioeconomic of
residents

2 Housing Physical characteristic Number of rooms and sockets, size of

characteristic rooms, dining, kitchen, and living, dry area,
Support services quality of house, toilet/bathroom,
ventilation, parking, corridor, staircase etc.
Management factors
Building quality
features

3 Neighborhood Neighborhood Accessibility, safety and security,

characteristic facilities infrastructure, privacy, urban activity and
noise, neighbors’ relationship etc.
Social environment
Public facilities

4 Behavioral Residents behavioral Mobility, modification, adjustment,

characteristic towards their houses adaptation, maintenance culture

Table 1: Components of Residential Satisfaction

2.2.2 RESIDENTIAL USERS PREFERENCES AND CHOICES
Preference refers to the relative attractiveness of an object, while choice refers to actual behavior
(Jansen, et al., 2011). Preference also can be defined as an expression of attractiveness, may
guide choice, but the evaluation involved in preference may take place whether or not a choice
has to be made.

An apartment user, who can also be termed as home buyer portray various behaviors while
selecting a home. In contrast with business buyers who buy goods and services for use in
production of other products and services , home-buyers display complex buying behavior as the
product is expensive, bought infrequently, risky and consumers are aware about the significant
differences among alternatives (Misra, et al., 2013). Different authors have mentioned various
factors that influence the buyer behavior for house choices and preferences which can be
grouped into two:

2.2.2.1 RELATED TO THE BUYER/ FUTURE USER

This involves factors such as age, income, family size and life-cycle stage (Morbale &
Deshmukh, 2004). Housing needs change with age for example a young couple in their twenties
will buy an affordable house, a buyer in the thirties will buy a large house to accommodate the
couple, their children and ageing parents of the husband, a person buying in his forties is likely
to buy in suburbs and those above the age of fifty are likely to buy retirement homes (Deb,
2005). At the beginning of their careers many home-buyers look for starter homes: homes which
will fall in their current budget and hence demand for smaller homes. Buyers mostly consider
expected household size before buying a house, buying power (Dual income status, down
payment to income ratio), and lifestyle. Income is a critical variable in homeownership (Hempel
& Punj, 1999 Winter).

2.2.2.2 RELATED TO THE PRODUCT (RESIDENTIAL UNIT)

A person does not pay only for the product, but for many externalities as well. There are many
factors which influence one to purchase of a house:

(i) Location:
Location plays a great role in many issues, it is the main decisive factor that needs to
be considered. According to some authors, location is everything (Lonappan, 2013)
(Magicbricks, 2012) but that does not mean buying a home near the city centre, but
the distance from work , schools (for family with school going children) , shops,
hospitals, swimming pools, parks, etc. has to be considered.

(ii) Price:
Choice of home depends on affordability (Lonappan, 2013). If land prices become
very high in an area, buyers will go to cheaper places. The location, Distance from
 Central Business District (CBD), presence of slums, proximity to railway stations,
profile of neighbours, facilities and amenities that come with it, future infrastructure
projects, transport connectivity, state of roads, etc. determine the price the buyer has
to pay (Hempel & Punj, 1999 Winter).

(iii) Quality of life

This includes transportation, neighbours, recreational areas, green zones, 24x7 water
supply, sewerage, power, phone-connectivity, waste disposal, domestic help (Singh,
2013).

(iv) Neighbourhood
Neighbours are an important part of social life and if a person buys a home in the
wrong neighbourhood, he will not get a good social outlet. Households feel unhappy
if they do not do as well as their neighbours, hence they search for similarities in race,
income, education and family size. Similarly, neighbours with same age group are
preferable (Lonappan, 2013) (Misra, et al., 2013).

(v) Amenities:
Club-house, gymnasium, gardens, playgrounds, adequate parking space, swimming
pool (Network 18 Publications Private Limited, 2010) (Misra, et al., 2013)
(Lonappan, 2013).

(vi) Security:
Home should be secure from anti-social elements, one should not buy a house in
secluded areas, similarly certain areas in every city are unsafe neighbourhoods i.e.
prone to have more anti-social elements than others, CCTV cameras offer an
additional element of security (Network 18 Publications Private Limited, 2010).

(vii) First impression:

If a person dislikes a place the first time, he is unlikely to give it a second chance
(Misra, et al., 2013).

(viii) Utilities
Includes water, sewerage, power, mobile connectivity, waste disposal and domestic
help (Network 18 Publications Private Limited, 2010).

(ix) Layout and design:

This generally involves factors such as privacy, good ventilation, efficient and
enough spaces and other related issues.

(x) Good view

2.3 HOUSING DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPLY IN TANZANIA
2.3.1 OVERVIEW OF TANZANIA’S HOUSING MARKET
Housing in Tanzania is dominated by individual home-builders who account for over 70% of the
total supply; the rest is catered for by the public sector through local governments, the National
Housing Corporation (NHC), the Tanzania Building Agency (TBA), the Watumishi Housing
Company (WHC), and the pension funds such as National Social Security Fund (NSSF) and by
residential developers (Knight Frank, Cytonn Report, National Housing Corporation (NHC),
2019).

According to (Magina, 2016); the role of housing development was partly being assumed by the
public sector which built houses for renting to only government workers in the past. For instance,
housing construction for rental and sale was done through the National Housing Corporation
(NHC) and later on parastatal pension and social security institutions jumped in the industry
(Lucian, 2011). Recently, Tanzania Building Agency (TBA) started to build housing for civil
servants. The involvement of the private sector in property development and investment started
in the third phase of economic reform, from 1983 to date.

Effectively, foreign and private participation in property development started from 1996
following the enactment of the National Investment Promotion Policy in the same year (Magina,
2016).

The policy, among other things, opened most sectors to foreign and private participation. Private
sector involvement in property development in the first phase (1961-1967) was almost non-
existent since the government still implemented import substitution policies. These policies
considered the public sector as a source of support for private sector growth. In the second phase
(1967-1983), the focus of the government was on socialism programs (Ujamaa) including
nationalizing major private companies and private properties. Other reasons for lack of private
real estate developers in the first and second phases were lack of access to finance, lack of
technical and managerial capacity in the real estate development sector, high cost of using
imported materials and lack of provision of basic services and infrastructure by local authorities.
Private developers were, therefore, forced to develop their own solutions which inevitably raised
housing costs significantly (Urban Solutions, 2012: 36). As a result of low supply of housing in
urban areas by the public sector, urban population has been increasing from a low base of 5.7%
to 22.6% over the 25 years period (1967-2002). During the same period, the total urban housing
backlog also widened. By the year 2000, the deficit was already at 2.2 million units (URT,
2009). Ten years later i.e. until 2013, the national urban housing shortage had escalated to over
three million units; growing at a rate of 200,000 housing units per year (The Guardian, 2013).

According to (David Gardner, Keith Lockwood and Jacus Pienaar, June 2020) the housing
construction and rental activities of a country are the result of a range of influences, including
demographic and urbanization dynamics, income trends, sectoral growth and structural changes
in the composition of the economy, prevailing technologies, subsidy regimes, social norms and
household preferences amongst many others.

This section analyses trends and available data in relation to some of these indicators.

2.3.2 POLITICAL AND POLICY INFLUENCES TOWARDS THE URBAN

HOUSING BACKLOG (HOUSING SECTOR REFORMS)

2.3.2.1 THE COLONIAL ERA (1884 - 1961)

Tanzania, then Tanganyika was colonized by two great nations; the Germans followed by the
British after World War I. Despite being founded in the 1860s, Dar es Salaam area was
experiencing rapid growth and development with a number of several trade centers, settlements
and villages. With that development, the establishment of colonial governments and economic
set up was favored. In the colonial era, land was one of the most valuable assets for the colony
since it was an authority for the government towards the control and utilization of its assets for
economic and social sustainability (Kironde, April, 1994).

During colonial times, the settlements and residential areas were in racial segregated model
where the colonialist (whites) occupied the spacious and best located areas, while the Asians and
African communities were allocated the second and third categories of land respectively (Komu,
2011). Most of the legislation and building regulations that are in force today were passed during
this time. The colonial policies played a major role in shaping the land use structure of Dar es
Salaam since it made Dar es Salaam into a colonial capital city thus determining the land use for
the area till date. Notably the Township Rules of 1936 (partially revised in 1954), the Land
Ordinance of 1923, Town and Country Planning Ordinance, Cap 378 of 1956 and Surveying and
Registration Ordinance. These laws had great influence on existing housing market structure in
all the towns in Tanzania. The Land Ordinance introduced into Tanzania, a system of tenure now
commonly known as Rights of Occupancy that vested all land into the State, with the Governor
and later the President holding it in trust of the community.

2.3.2.2 INDEPENDENCE - SOCIALIST ERA (1961-1984)

Tanzania obtained its independence in 1961 from the British who colonized them since 1919.
During the early years of independence the government adopted a centrally planned economy
system characterized with 5-Year Development Plans. In 1967, Tanzania adopted the Arusha
Declaration that committed the country to a socialist ideology built on founding President
Nyerere’s brand of African socialism dubbed in Swahili as Ujamaa. The main tenets of the
Ujamaa included social solidarity, self-reliance and ‘equitable distribution of incomes. Following
the Arusha Declaration, all private means of production were nationalized and a strong public
sector was set up comprising over 400 public companies fully owned by the government (Komu,
2011).

It is during this era that deliberate efforts were made to intervene in the working of the land and
housing markets and perhaps, the housing sector was subjected to more reforms than it will ever
be. The most fundamental reforms identified by (Komu, 2011) included Land tenure reforms;
Urban land development reforms; Legal and regulatory reforms; Institutional reforms; Strategies
towards Affordable Housing.

Alongside with these reforms, the National Housing Corporation (NHC) was established and
provided with a very broad mandate of constructing residential and other buildings in Tanzania
Its performance during the first 7 years of its existence was impressive; it carried out massive
slum clearance in major cities replacing the slums with new single storey housing units that were
rented out to the previous slum owners. Some of the housing was sold to tenants on a hire
purchase basis. A total of 5,705 houses- ‘low-cost-houses’ were built by the NHC, 70% of which
was in Dar es Salaam (Stern, 1985). But in the latter years, its performance dwindled mainly due
to meagre fund allocation from the government that dropped from US$ 3,600,000 in 1970/1 to
$416,000 in 1972/3. Rental income from the new housing developed in the slum areas was also
not forthcoming, mainly because the number of units realized was no more than the number
demolished and the renters of these units were the slums owners who did not have incentive to
pay rent and NHC could not evict them for political reasons (Stern et at 1985).

Also during this error, Private sector involvement in property development was almost non-
existent since the focus of the government was on socialism programs (Ujamaa) which included
nationalizing major private companies and private properties. Other reasons for lack of private
real estate developers in these two errors were lack of access to finance, lack of technical and
managerial capacity in the real estate development sector, high cost of using imported materials
and lack of provision of basic services and infrastructure by local authorities. Private developers
were, therefore, forced to develop their own solutions which inevitably raised housing costs
significantly (Urban Solutions, 2012: 36).

2.3.2.3 TRANSITION FROM UJAMAA TO MARKET-ORIENTED ECONOMY (1985-

1995)
During 1974-1984, Tanzania economy was performing very poorly mainly on account of the
1973 drought and 1974 ‘oil crisis’, but also as a result of going into war with neighboring
Uganda in 1978/79 (Komu, 2011). This was also a time when Tanzania played host to a number
of freedom fighting movements from Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia), Mozambique, Namibia,
Angola and South Africa, which carried a heavy expenditure on military ware and logistical
support to the movements.
In 1984, Tanzania adopted what it termed ‘Trade Liberalization Policy’ which guided steadily
the country’s path towards a market-oriented economy and eventual disbanding of the single-
party political system and introduction of multi-parties politics in 1992. Komu (2011) observes
that in the run-up to market-oriented economy, employer organizations, which had been major
suppliers of new housing in the market, stopped all new developments. At the same time, the
newly formed Presidential Parastatal Sector Reform Commission (PSRC) in 1992 - in striving to
privatize the public sector firms - sold off substantial residential assets owned by the Parastatal
organizations, largely reducing the public rental sector. Most of the employer housing units that
were sold off to the public were being converted into some other uses mostly hotels and offices
to take advantage of the location and latent value of the sites. In later years, realizing the
profitability of rental business, pension and insurance funds expanded their investment in
apartments within these areas. As a result, first-class residential accommodation in fenced estates
has been availed in the cities of Dar es Salaam and Arusha by the Parastatal Pension Funds.
Komu (2011: 56) adds that diplomatic missions accredited in Tanzania were also encouraged to
develop their own housing estates. Moreover, Municipal governments in Dar es Salaam and
Dodoma set aside lands for this purpose. To-date, the urban landscape is dotted with gated
housing compounds of foreign dignitaries. Typical examples are those in the Msasani area of the
city of Dar es Salaam which include Valhalla Village (Scandinavian countries), Canadian
Village (25 units), and Tipper Village (52 units for Italians). (Komu, 2011).

2.2.3.3 MARKET-ORIENTED ECONOMY (1996-TO DATE)

This era roughly fits into the 3rd Phase of Government which ran from 1995 to 2005 where by a
number of global initiatives towards eradicating poverty and opening up the economy to global
trade were adopted, thus transmitting the market-oriented policies in almost all sectors.

In terms of real estate, activities intensified in major cities and towns, adding substantial housing
units to the existing housing stock which led to the current real estate boom though it is still very
small but rapidly growing. Despite being at infancy stage, the sector contributes about 2.7% of
GDP (Kongela, 2013). (Lucian, 2011) also argues that investment in real estate has been positive
and increasing from the time Tanzania adopted trade liberalization measures.
 2.3.3 MAIN ACTORS IN HOUSING PRODUCTION/SUPPLY
The following are main actors in shelter development in Tanzania;

ACTORS CONTRIBUTION ROLES

Individual(unsurveyed) 70.0% Individual citizens who have managed to secure

dwellings the land and constructed their own residential
houses.
Individual (surveyed) 13.5%
dwellings

National Housing Corporation 5.1% National Housing Corporation (NHC) State

organization under the Ministry of Land and
Human Settlement Development that finance and
construct houses for rental for all citizens

Private real estate developers 3.9% Private registered real estate developers who are
constructing houses for both rental and sell to all
citizens

Central government 3.0% Formulation of policies, laws, guidelines, and land

under The Ministry of Lands, Housing and Human
Settlements Development (MLHHSD)

Human settlements administration issues

Pension institutions 2.4% Finance own housing projects

Local government authorities 2.1% Enforcing development control

Table 2: Main Actors in Housing Supply

As Table 2 indicates, the main housing producer of houses is the informal sector which
contributes 70% of the total housing stock in urban areas (Lugalla, 1995). House suppliers in this
category are generally developers who build houses incrementally (step-by-step over a long
period of time) as resources enable them; and the market caters for the urban poor. The public
sector, mainly through the National Housing Corporation (NHC) and the Tanzania Building
Agency (TBA), provides a limited amount of housing. In the past the sector aimed at government
employees, but now the concern has also been to the general public. The same trends apply to
housing provision through semi-public agencies such as parastatal pension funds and social
security institutions which have also shifted from housing provision for selling and renting to
their members to the general public. The medium and large-scale private real property
developers contribute 3.9% of the total housing stock. Other suppliers include the central and
local governments whose objective is still unchanged i.e. providing rental housing to central and
local government workers (Magina, 2016).
 CHAPTER 03

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses the detailed procedures and a chain of activities that were undertaken
since the beginning to the end of this research. The area of study covers Dar es Salaam city
where a standard questionnaire was prepared to look for the observation of apartment’s users’
preferences and satisfaction and also to the real estate developers to identify the qualities and
considerations taken to develop such projects. A total of 62questionnaires were collected and
evaluated.

Thus, this chapter describes the research methods used, area of the study, research design, and
targeted population, data collection.

3.2 RESEARCH METHODS

Research methods refer to the techniques used in conducting research. In accomplishing this
research, two research methods were applied based on the type of data needed and approaches
employed to obtain that data (C.R.Kothari, 1990).

3.2.1 CASE STUDY METHOD

In this study, a case study research strategy was the most suitable than the rest. Selecting a case
study area is sometimes challenging and therefore there is a need to establish parameters for the
selection. Patton (1987: 52) and Flyvberg (1999) put clear the two basic criteria for selecting the
case study areas; information rich cases, fit the purpose, accessible as well as the interesting ones
in which one can learn a lot related to the research and maximize it from which data can be
accessible easily. The choice of a case study strategy in this work was legitimized by four main
criteria.

The first criterion was based on the issue being studied i.e. apartment users ‘preferences and
satisfaction which is one of the current phenomena taking place in various contexts and seems to
increase daily developed not only by public but also private institutions.

Secondly, the main questions of this research were to investigate and document how the provided
spaces and facilities used in residential apartments are formulated and what facilities favor users’
preferences in residential apartments and to what (research question 2). The how- and what-type
questions suggest inquiry since housing development is a process and it involves many
institutions and actors with different roles. Therefore, the nature of the research questions imply
that the study involves the use of different sources of evidence (Yin, 2003: 6; Hancock and
Algozzine, 2006: 16).

Thirdly, the processes being studied were in the context of a city fragment with defined spatial
and time boundaries (Yin, 2003: 21; Hancock and Algozzine, 2006: 15). Hence it was necessary
to emphasize the role of the context in which they occur at a particular time in order to relate the
issues with the theoretical background and the reality.

Lastly, because Dar es Salaam is a metropolitan City in the country with overlapping urban
planning and housing development processes, issues and challenges; the sub-cases selected for
this study are typical of all cases of certain types within the City and in other urban centres
conducted by both public and private organizations/institutions.

Based on those criteria three cases were selected, Victoria apartments, Palm village and Eco-
Residence.

Therefore, through intensive analysis, generalizations can be made and may be applicable to
other cases of the same type (Kumar, 2005: 113).

3.2.2 SURVEY METHOD

Survey refers to the method of securing information concerning a phenomena under study from
all or a selected number of respondents of the concerned universe (C.R.Kothari, 1990). This
method involved physically visiting the site (selected cases), observing the conditions of the area
as well as the available services and collection of relevant data for the study.

This method helped in easily identifying the available facilities and services in particular
apartments as well as observing on our own the frequency of use of those provided facilities. It
also facilitated us on employing various tools and methods which could be used for data
collection such as photographing and sketching.
3.3 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
3.3.1 INTERVIEW
This is the one of the methods of collecting data which involves presenting oral-verbal stimuli
and reply in terms of oral-verbal responses by using either personal interviews or telephone
interviews (Kothari, 2004).

Face to face interview was conducted with some Real Estate agents and other developers or
supervisors such as NHC for that particular apartment. Conducting interviews by targeting the
said respondents has provided an in-depth understanding of the subject matter and the rate of
response.

3.3.2 OBSERVATION
The observation method is the most commonly used method especially in studies relating to
behavioural sciences. In a way we all observe things around us, but this sort of observation is not
scientific observation. Observation becomes a scientific tool and the method of data collection
for the researcher, when it serves a formulated research purpose, is systematically planned and
recorded and is subjected to checks and controls on validity and reliability. Under the
observation method, the information is sought by way of the investigator's own direct
observation without asking from the respondent.

For our study which relates to users behaviour, we were able to investigate the rate of use of the
available facilities to accompany and provide proof of our questionnaire and interviews. The
main reasons and advantages of applying this method is that subjective bias is somehow
eliminated, the information obtained under this method relates to what is currently happening
and this method is independent of respondents’ willingness to respond.

3.3.3 DOCUMENTATION
This study used various documents that are published and documented by NHC and various
literature related to housing, housing market and quality and residential satisfaction so as to get
the detailed information. Furthermore various materials including articles, government provision,
Internet, books, newspaper, pamphlets, dissertations and published materials will also be
reviewed.

This method also involves collection of data from the field by physically visiting the site; it
involves equipment like cameras, sound recorders for data collection as well as the set of
drawings for the apartments.
3.4 DATA COLLECTION TOOLS
3.4.1 QUESTIONNAIRE
Questionnaire is the set of questions printed or typed and mailed to respondents who are
expected to read, understand and reply on the questions stated in the particular form
(C.R.Kothari, 1990).

This study used questionnaires to collect primary data due to its ability to reach out to many
respondents, it is also very economical and it can be administered within a short period of time.
Most of the data was obtained through a questionnaire in which two sets of questionnaires were
prepared to obtain information from our two main sources; the apartment developers and
apartment users. The questions were printed out and handed out to the respective group and later
on collected for data grouping and analysis

3.4.2 PHOTOGRAPH
Photographs were specific and taken systematically on each visited apartment together with their
respective facilities available. The photographs will be proof to portray the actual scenery of the
available facilities thus helping to understand and provide answers to some of our questions and
reasons to the responses obtained from users and developers.

3.4.3 SKETCHES
In some cases sketches were inevitable to accompany photographs. Sketches on the arrangement
and layout of the apartment rooms, the location of the available facilities and arrangement of
parking and buildings were roughly done to understand the spatial organisation and shape /form
which in one way or another could have influence on the level of users’ preferences and
satisfaction

3.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE METHODS AND TOOLS

For each applied research method and tool, a number of challenges rose up which in one way or
another limited the process of data collection.

To the developers, it was quite challenging to obtain permission to question them or hand out the
questionnaire and in some cases even rejected conducting our research in their apartments
claiming that we came there to investigate them.

This was also similar to some of the residents (apartment users) who were reluctant to give
information when handed the questionnaire sheet due to their own perceptions and experience
about people conducting research

Also difficulties to reach out to some parts of the study due to restricted permission when
surveying the area and limitation of the method or tool applied. For instance the observation
method is sometimes not that practical since the information provided by this method is very
limited and sometimes unforeseen factors may interfere with the observational task.

CHAPTER 04

DATA COLLECTION, ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the data collected, analysis of the collected data and interpretations, and the
presentation of the collected data. It presents the data collected through interviews,
questionnaires, photographs and sketches as well as the analysis of the data collected.

4.2 DATA COLLECTION

Observation and collection of data on various facilities within each apartment and their
variations in use with day and time was conducted in which various facilities accompanying the
residential purpose of apartments such as swimming pools, kids play area, shops, restaurants,
gym, parking, supermarkets, rooftop deck, balconies which have direct effects on the apartment
users were studied. Documentations on the apartment units, accompanying facilities used for
services and those used for entertainment and relaxation were followed up and summarized
below for each apartment.

4.2.1 APARTMENT USERS (RESIDENTS)

(a) Demographic Characteristics of Users
 16

14

12
NUMBER OF SAMPLES

10

0
CATEGORIES ACCORDING TO AGE

20-29 30-39 40-49

Figure 1: Demographic Characteristics of Users - Eco-residence

12

10
NUMBER OF SAMPLES

0
CATEGORIES ACCORDING TO AGE GROUP

20-29 30-39 40-49

Figure 2: Demographic Characteristics - Victoria Apartments

 9

7
NUMBER OF SAMPLES

0
CATEGORIES ACCORDING TO AGE

20-29 30-39 40-49

Figure 3: Demographic Characteristics - Palm Village

35

30

25

20

15

10

13-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 AB0VE 50

Figure 4: Demographic Characteristics - All Apartments

The data in figure 1, 2 and 3 for all apartments show that;

❖ Majority of the customers are male gender (64.5%).

❖ Majority of the respondents are between 20-29 age groups (33.33%).
❖ Most of the respondents are University graduates (34%).
❖ Most of the respondents (42.67%) have lived in their apartment for some months.
 (b) Attraction to the Apartment

CLOSE TO WORK

GOOD ENVIRONMENT

SAFETY & SECURITY

CULTURE

LIFESTYLE

SERVICES + FACILITIES

COST

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

20-29 40-49

Figure 5: Attraction to the Apartment - Eco-Residence

 CLOSE TO WORK

GOOD ENVIRONMENT

SAFETY & SECURITY

CULTURE

LIFESTYLE

SERVICES + FACILITIES

COST

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

20-29 30-39 40-49

Figure 6: Attraction to the Apartment - Victoria Place Apartments

CLOSE TO WORK

GOOD ENVIRONMENT

SAFETY & SECURITY

CULTURE

LIFESTYLE

SERVICES + FACILITIES

COST

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

20-29 30-39 40-49

Figure 7: Attraction to the Apartment - Palm Village Apartments

20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

20-29 30-39 40-49 AB0VE 50

Figure 8: Attraction to the Apartment - All Apartments

❖ The data from the above tables show some of the reasons that attracted the respondents to
live in the particular apartments.
❖ The most attraction force common and dominant in all apartments is the available
services and facilities followed by the good environment.

(c) Extension to Live

18

16

14

12

10

13-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 AB0VE 50

 Figure 9: Extension to Live - Eco- Residence

20-29 30-39 40-49

Figure 10: Extension to Live - Victoria Palace

20-29 30-39

Figure 11: Extension to Live - Palm Village

 35

30

25

20

15

10

13-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 AB0VE 50

Figure 12: Extension to Live - All Apartments

❖ Most of the respondents wish to continue their stay within those apartments including the
ones who responded “No”, the main reason being the limited time to stay due to work.
❖ The dominant factor forcing people to extend their stay is services and facilities available
as well as security.

(d) Satisfaction Level

14

12

10

20-29 30-39

Figure 13: Satisfaction Level - Eco- Residence Apartment

10

20-29 30-39 40-49

Figure 14: Satisfaction Level - Victoria Apartment

10

20-29 30-39 40-49

Figure 15: Satisfaction Level - Palm Village

 35

30

25

20

15

10

20-29 30-39 40-49 AB0VE 50

Figure 16: Satisfaction Level - All Apartments

❖ Almost all respondents seemed satisfied with their stay, main factor being the quality of
services available within the particular apartment unit and to other associated facilities.
❖ No compliment on less satisfied and not satisfied at all.

(e) Available Facilities and Services

Eco- Residence Victoria Place Palm Village

1. Swimming Pool Swimming Pool Swimming Pool

2. Gym Gym Gym & Aerobics

3. Mini-Supermarket Shops Shops

4. Offices Offices Offices

5. Balconies Balconies Balconies

6. Rooftop deck Kids Play Area Kids Play Area

7. Garbage Chutes Restaurant Restaurant

8. Basement parking Basement parking Basement parking

 9. CCTV Garbage Chutes Garden

10. ICT CCTV Food Court

11. ICT Pub and Sports Bar

12. Conference Halls

13. Female & Gents Saloon

14. Massage Centre

15. Sauna & Steam Bath Centre

16. CCTV

17. ICT

18. Fire Detectors and Escape

Routes

19. Garbage Chutes

Table 3: Facilities and Services Available

(f) Frequency of Use

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

20-29 30-39
Fi
gure 17: Frequency of Use - Eco – Residence
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

20-29 30-39 20-29 30-39 40-49

Figure 18: Frequency of Use - Victoria Place

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

20-29 30-39 40-49

Figure 19: Frequency of Use - Palm Village

AB0VE 50

40-49

30-39

20-29

13-19

0 5 10 15 20 25

FREQUENCY OF USE 1-2 TIMES FREQUENCY OF USE MORE THAN 2

FREQUENCY OF USE EVERYDAY FREQUENCY OF USE ONLY WEEKEND

Figure 20: Frequency of Use – All Apartments

❖ There are facilities which are unavoidable to be used daily such as Basement parking and
garbage chutes.
❖ There are some facilities which are used and utilized when the need arises either for
enjoyment, relaxation or emergencies such as swimming pool, restaurant, and shops

(g) Preferable Available Facilities

20-29 AB0VE 50
 Figure 21: Available Facilities- Eco- Residence

20-29 30-39 40-49

Figure 22: Available Facilities -Victoria Place

20-29 30-39 40-49

Figure 23: Available Facilities- Palm Village

 25

20

15

10

20-29 30-39 40-49

Figure 24: Available Facilities- All Apartments

❖ Each apartment has its own associated facilities with only few of these facilities being
present to all apartments such as swimming pool, shops and basement parking
❖ The number of preferences does not match with the frequency of use due to the tendency
of not being assured of the availability of the facility since they are maintained by other
individuals whose availability is not assured.

(h) Additional Facilities Recommended

20-29 30-39
 Figure 25: Additional Facilities -Eco- Residence

0
KIDS CLUB BAR GREEN COMMUNAL OUTSIDECAR SPA AND MOVIE
PLAYING SPACES AND SPACES SHADES SALON THEATRE
AREA GARDEN

20-29 30-39 40-49

Figure 26: Additional Facilities –Victoria Place

3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

20-29 30-39 40-49

 Figure 27: Additional Facilities –Palm Village

20-29 30-39 40-49

Figure 28: Additional Facilities –All Apartments

4.2.2 DEVELOPERS
Eco- Residence Victoria Place Palm Village

Demand and Market trends Shortage of housing Cost

Investment Value appreciation of the Culture

land use
Driving Forces And
Factors For Project Cost Implementation of their Market trends
Requirements 10yrs strategic plan.
Formulation Culture Exposure

Technology Access to services

Business Development

Majority Residents Citizens Mixture of citizens and Foreigners

and Customers in the
Apartment foreigners

Response to Yes Good in the scale(good Somehow

Expectations ,very good and excellent)

How Future Users are Feedback from previous Potential owners are Enjoyment and
Considered in Project projects involved from the design Relaxation
Requirements stage of the project
Formulation
Experience Stay longer

Business purposes

Safety

Good and calm

environment

Reasons for Provision To meet customer Needs To make the place

of Available Facilities requirements marketable and
unique

To modernize living style Value appreciation To attract people

for business

Competitiveness

Frequency of Use Often Average Somehow

Preferred Facilities Parking Parking Swimming pool

Garbage chutes Elevator

CCTV Lounge

ICT

Reasons for the Needs Security purposes Good attractive

Preferred Facilities environment

Security purposes Easy to access

Communication Free access to

tenants

Non - Preferred Swimming pool Swimming pool Kids Play area

Facilities
Gym Gym
Reasons for Non- Lifestyle (swimming pool) Most tenants do not
Preferred Facilities have children, they
are new couples

Gym ( business viability)

Frequency of Use Vs Frequent for all except yes very much

Expectations gym and swimming pool

Frequency of Use Vs Yes Somehow Somehow because

Maintenance and for now most of
Running Cost extra services are
not charged but for
running costs it
matches because it's
included in rent or
buying prices

Table 4: Developers' Responses

4.3 DATA ANALYSIS

The data was analyzed by making summaries and sorting the useful information based on the
intended objectives.

The methods used in data analysis were influenced by both qualitative and quantitative
approaches that have been used in collecting data. The quantitative data which were collected
showing the detailed number of respondents on each factor that affects users’ preferences and
satisfaction of residential units, commercial, office spaces, supermarkets, shops, restaurant etc
were descriptively analyzed by the use of graphs, tables, frequencies and percentage. On the
other hand the content analysis was used for all qualitative data which were collected through
interviews conducted to NHC staff and NHC financial partners and other palm village
managerial members.

(a) Demographic Data Analysis

DEMOGRAPHIC ECO- VICTORIA PALM TOTAL PERCENTAGE

CHARACTERISTICS RESIDENCE PLACE VILLAGE OBSERVATION ANALYSIS (%)
20-29 16 11 10 37 59.7
30-39 4 8 6 18 29.0
40-49 0 3 4 7 11.3
AGE  ABOVE 50 0 0 0 0 0.0
            
MALE 13 13 14 40 64.5
GENDER FEMALE 7 9 6 22 35.5
   
MARRIED 9 12 15 36 58.1
MARITAL NOT
STATUS MARRIED 11 6 5 22 35.5
   
PRIMARY 0 1 1 2 3.2
SECONDARY 1 1 2 4 6.5
EDUCATION UNIVERSITY 18 15 11 44 71.0
LEVEL OTHERS 1 1 6 8 12.9
   
YES 15 9 11 35 56.5
CITIZENSHIP NO 5 9 9 23 37.1
     
MONTHS 7 11 10 28 45.2
1-2 YEARS 10 5 7 22 35.5
3-5 YEARS 3 2 2 7 11.3
TIME SPENT 6-10 YEARS 0 0 0 0 0.0
Table 5: Demographic Characteristics Percentage Analysis
The data collected from the respondents were evaluated based on the percentage analysis, the
interpretations are given below:
❖ Majority of the apartment users are male gender (64.5%). This is due to the fact that the
male gender as heads of the family are more concentrated in apartment buying to
improve their societal status in the economy.
❖ Most of the respondents are between 20-29 (59.7%) and 30-39 (29%) age groups. It is in
this age group that people want to settle in their life, thus owning a house is an important
factor for fulfilling this need.
❖ Most of the respondents are literate and well educated, the majority of them being
university graduates (71%).
❖ Most of the respondents (45.2%) have lived in their apartment for months, followed by
the ones who have lived within 1-2 years (35.5%). This implies that the majority of
people temporarily live in the apartment for purposes such as temporary works or new to
the city.

(b) Attraction to the Apartment

ECO- VICTORIA PALM TOTAL PERCENTAGE

FACTORS RESIDENCE PLACE VILLAGE OBSERVATION ANALYSIS (%)
COST 6 5 5 16 11
 SERVICES + FACILITIES 9 12 11 32 23
LIFESTYLE 5 6 8 19 14
CULTURE 0 1 2 3 2
SAFETY & SECURITY 5 9 9 23 17
GOOD ENVIRONMENT 2 11 9 22 16
CLOSE TO WORK
(LOCATION) 7 14 2 23 17
Table 6: Factors for Attraction to the Apartment

From the above table 6 above, the following can be deducted;

❖ Most of the respondents (23%) agree that services and facilities available is one of the
important factors that attracted most of the respondents to choose to live in the particular
apartments.
❖ Another important attraction factor is Safety and Security (17%) of the area and
particular apartment
❖ During data collection another important factor rose up from the respondents, Location.
Most of the respondents from Victoria Palace and Eco-Residence chose them due to
location, meaning that they are located close to working places, schools, city centre and
other prime locations which could be easily accessed from the apartments.
 Figure 29: Maps showing the Proximity of the Apartments to Prime Areas

❖ Culture (2%) is the least factor to be considered since nowadays people are inspired and
in need to live as modern as possible to match with the global trend. Developers of these
apartments have also mentioned culture as one of the factors considered in developing
such projects in the sense of allocation of spaces and the associated facilities.

CLOSE TO WORK COST

17% 12%

SERVICES + FACILITIES
GOOD ENVIRONMENT 23%
16%

SAFETY & SECURITY LIFESTYLE

17% CULTURE 14%
2%

Figure 30: General Attraction Factors to Apartments

 (c) Extension to Live

PERCENTAGE
ECO- VICTORIA PALM TOTAL ANALYSIS
    RESIDENCE PLACE VILLAGE OBSERVATION (%)
EXTENSION TO YES 20 14 16 50 80.6
LIVE NO 0 4 4 8 12.9
           
COST 7 5 6 18 18
SERVICES +
FACILITIES 9 12 12 33 34
LIFESTYLE 6 6 6 18 18
  CULTURE 0 1 1 2 2
REASONS FOR SAFETY &
EXTENSION SECURITY 5 12 11 28 28
Table 7: Extension to Live in the Apartment and Reasons

From table 7 above, the following interpretations are made

❖ Most of the respondents about 81% wish to continue their stay within those apartments.
Even most of the “No” respondents also wish to extend their stay but due to some
limiting factors such as temporary works, vacation they have to cut short their stay.
❖ The dominant factor attracting people to extend their stay is services and facilities
available as well as security.

COST
18%
SAFETY & SECURITY
28%

CULTURE
2%

SERVICES + FACILITIES
33%
LIFESTYLE
18%

Figure 31: General Attraction Factors to Apartments

 (d) Satisfaction Level

ECO- VICTORIA PALM TOTAL PERCENTAGE

    RESIDENCE PLACE VILLAGE OBSERVATION ANALYSIS (%)
SATISFIES 14 12 14 40 64.5
VERY SATSFYING 6 6 4 16 25.8
LESS SATISFYING 0 0 0 0 0.0
UNIT
SATISFACTION NOT SATISFYING AT ALL 0 0 0 0 0.0
           
COST 11 7 7 25 14
SERVICES + FACILITIES 5 11 11 27 15
CULTURE 3 2 1 6 3
LIFESTYLE 7 12 12 31 17
ROOM AND SPACE
ARRANGEMENT 5 9 8 22 12
QUALITY OF FACILITIES 9 15 12 36 19
PRIVACY 3 5 4 12 6
REASONS FOR THE DESIGN 5 6 5 16 9
LEVEL OF OTHERS ( GOOD
SATISFACTION ENVIRONMENT) 1 3 5 9 5
Table 8: Apartment Unit Satisfaction and Associated Reasons
Table 8 shows the level of satisfaction of the responses from the apartment users, in which the
following can be deduced;
❖ All of the respondents are satisfied with their apartment unit and the associated facilities,
the only difference is on level of satisfaction.
❖ None of the responses show any kind of not being satisfied.

OTHERS ( GOOD
ENVIRONMENT) COST
THE DESIGN 5%
9% 14%

PRIVACY
7% SERVICES + FACILITIES
15%

QUALITY OF FACILITIES CULTURE

20% 3%

LIFESTYLE
ROOM AND SPACE 17%
ARRANGEMENT
12%

Figure 32: General Satisfaction Factors to Apartments

❖ Most of the respondents (19%) are impressed by the quality of facilities as one of the
major and important factor to increase the satisfaction level of the customers.
❖ Lifestyle (17%) also is one of the reasons for residential satisfaction. It is the way the
particular place (apartment) accommodates its users towards a certain way of life not so
far from what they are used to but in a modernized way that could have a triggering
effect to motivate people to stay and be satisfied with the place.
❖ Available services and facilities (15%) trigger the satisfaction level of the apartment
users as they have other benefits apart from accommodation purposes, followed by the
Cost (14%) since the choice of home depends on affordability.
❖ Available rooms and space arrangements (12%) also have a great influence on
satisfaction of users. This is due to the ability to offer variations in the available units for
varying family sizes and types as well as enough space to conduct different activities and
movement.
❖ Factors such as Culture (3%), the design (9%), the good environment (5%) and privacy
level (6%) are least considered in determination of the level of satisfaction.

(e) Available Facilities and Services

Table 3 shows the associated facilities and services for each apartment, some being common
to all three cases such as swimming pool, gym and shops. The provision of such facilities is
due to the fact that housing developers and suppliers are exploring ways to deliver high
levels of customization in housing design by integrating additional amenities despite
accommodation. Also the provision of a variety of facilities is due to the way people prefer to
have the opportunity to select from options.
Based on the interview with the Housing developers of the three apartments, we were able to
identify the major driving forces toward formulation of requirements and provision of
varying facilities;
❖ Demand and Market trends. The scarcity of housing leads to an increase in the
demand of places to live, this also applies to the accompanying facilities such as
recreational facilities, ding facilities and others. Also the housing market trend plays a
greater role as it is with fashion when it comes to clothing, most of the people want to
dress according to the prevailing trend, thus housing moves along with the trending
housing market.

❖ Investment and Business Development. The establishment of apartments itself is a big

investment to the developers but it only involves fewer people who would rent or buy
the apartment units. To eliminate such contradiction, inclusion of the provided
facilities becomes very useful as they do not only involve the apartment users but
even other individuals who wish to go for relaxation, dining and other purposes
depending on the provided facilities within a particular apartment.
 ❖ Property and Land Value appreciation. Land value is primarily associated with a
vacant plot or piece of land whereas property value is more appropriate for any built
structure. The value of land is attributed by the availability of the facilities such as
shopping areas, medical facilities, school, parks & playgrounds, and other basic needs
of the humans which help in saving the time of people every day, the time saved adds
up the cost of land. Also, the reduced travel and reduced trip distance will directly
have the monetary benefits of the person residing in an area with many such facilities
in proximity. Due to such factors, the additional facilities are necessary and
important.

❖ Cost, Culture and Exposure are also part of the driving forces towards developing
project requirements. Cost plays a great role not only for the developers but also to
the users as it determines the affordability of the unit by the users and the profit
gained by the developers which in order to increase that profit, more features are
introduced beyond accommodation.

Also we were able to know how the future users are considered in generating such requirements
❖ Feedback from previous relevant projects,
❖ Experience
❖ Potential owners involvement from the design stage of the project in some cases
❖ Provision of an adequate, good, safe and calm environment which could be preferred by
many despite the demographic variations to facilitate people to stay longer and induce the
“Wow” factor.

The major reasons for inclusion of variety of facilities and services in the apartment requirement
formulation identified by the Housing developers includes;
❖ To meet customer requirements and needs
❖ To modernize living style
❖ To make the place marketable and unique
❖ To attract people for business
❖ Competition
 (f) Frequency of Use

ECO- VICTORIA PALM TOTAL PERCENTAGE

    RESIDENCE PLACE VILLAGE OBSERVATION ANALYSIS (%)
FREQUENCY 1-2 TIMES 5 7 6 18 29.0
OF USE MORE THAN 2 11 8 9 28 45.2
EVERYDAY 3 1 2 6 9.7

ONLY WEEKEND 2 3 5 10 16.1

Table 9: Frequency of Use of Facilities in Apartments

From table 9, the following were the main interpretations;

❖ Approximately 45% of the users tend to utilize the available facilities more than twice a
week, followed by 29% who use them less than twice. This implies that the facilities are
utilized on the average level which is beyond twice per week
❖ The utilization of facilities during weekends only is about 16% despite the fact that it is
during weekends that most of these facilities are fully utilized and people are crowded.
❖ There are facilities which are unavoidable to be used daily such as Basement parking and
garbage chutes which contribute to approximately 10% of the everyday use.

ONLY WEEKEND
16%
1-2 TIMES
29%

EVERYDAY
10%

MORE THAN 2
45%

Figure 33: Frequency of Use of Facilities in Apartments

 Eco- Residence Victoria Place Palm Village

Response to Yes Good in the Somehow

Expectations scale(good ,very good
and excellent)

Frequency of Use Often Average Somehow

Frequency of Use Vs Frequent for all except Average Yes very much
Expectations gym and swimming
pool

Frequency of Use Vs Yes Yes Somehow because for now

Maintenance and most of extra services are
Running Cost not charged but for
running costs it matches
because it's included in
rent or buying prices

Table 10: Developers Response to Frequency of Use

Similarly to table 9, table 10 represents the determination of frequency of use of the facilities by
the developers. Based on all apartments, the deductions are as follows

❖ The facilities are often utilized.

❖ The frequency of use of such facilities somehow respond to the expectations for the
provision
 (g) Preferable Available Facilities

ECO- VICTORIA PALM

    RESIDENCE PLACE VILLAGE
SWIMMING POOL 10 10 10
GYM 3 4 7
SHOPS 0 12 12
MINI-SUPERMARKT 5 0 0
OFFICES 9 6 10
BALCONIES 7 9 9
KIDS PLAY AREA 0 10 7
ROOFTOP (VIEWING DECK) 8 0 0
RESTAURANT 0 6 6
BASEMENT PARKING 3 5 11
GARBAGE CHUTTES 8 11 13
CCTV SECURITY 12 12 10
ICT 10 15 15
GARDEN 0 0 15
FOOD COURT 0 0 16
PUB & SPORTS BAR 0 0 9
CONFERENCE HALLS 0 0 6
FEMALE & GENTS SZLOON 0 0 7
PREFERABLE MASSAGE CENTRE 0 0 11
AVAILABLE SAUNA & STEAM BATH
FACILITIES CENTRE 0 0 3
       
CULTURAL APPROPRIATE 1 0 1
GOOD QUALITY 9 13 13
PRIVACY 1 3 3
LIFESTYLE 5 8 7
REASONS FOR THE SECURITY 5 8 8
PREFERENCES HOBBY 3 7 7
Table 11: Preferable Facilities and Reasons
 3%1% 9%
3%2%2% 4%
5%
4% 7%
1%
11% 7%

7%
10%
5%
9% 5% 3% 2%

SWIMMING POOL GYM SHOPS MINI-SUPERMARKT

OFFICES BALCONIES KIDS PLAY AREA ROOFTOP (VIEWING DECK)
RESTAURANT BASEMENT PARKING GARBAGE CHUTTES CCTV SECURITY
ICT GARDEN FOOD COURT PUB & SPORTS BAR

Figure 34: Percentage Presentation of the Preferred Facilities

Eco- Residence Victoria Place Palm Village

Preferred Facilities Parking Parking Swimming pool

Garbage chutes Commercial Lounge

Space

CCTV

ICT

Reasons for the Needs Security purposes Good attractive environment

Preferred Facilities
Security purposes Easy to access Easy to access

Communication Free access to tenants

Non - Preferred Swimming pool Swimming pool Kids Play area

Facilities
Gym Gym

Reasons for Lifestyle (swimming pool) Most tenants do not have

children, they are new
Non-Preferred Gym ( business viability) couples
Facilities

Table 12: Preferred and Non-Preferred Facilities Based on Uses

❖ Table 11 and 12 shows the preferences of the facilities identified by the users and
developers respectively. A number of facilities seem quite preferable by the users as in
 table 11 but that does not mean that they are utilized as how they appear to be preferred.
For instance, swimming pools seem quite preferable but in real situations it is not fully
utilized to the extent that it is not being refilled until weekend to save the running cost for
the case of Victoria Place Apartments.
❖ From table 12, it is seen that swimming pools and gyms are not preferred in Eco-
Residence and Victoria Place Apartments based on the frequency of use while it is quite
the opposite to Palm Village Apartments. This is due to the fact that most of the residents
in Palm Village are foreigners with preferences on the use of such services who were the
major intended market for the development of its requirements.

Figure 35: Swimming Pool and Gym Closed – Victoria Place Apartments.

4.3 GENERAL FINDINGS

(a) Users Satisfaction Level
 All of the respondents are satisfied within their particular apartment
❖ Most of the respondents’ satisfaction level is increased by improving the facilities
and service quality
❖ Most of the respondents’ satisfaction level is contributed by the proximity of the
apartment to prime areas such as city center, working areas.
❖ Most of the respondents’ satisfaction level is not contributed by culture.

(b) Users Preferences

The available facilities seem to be preferable.
❖ The preferences on the available facilities does not determine the frequency of
use.
❖ The level of preferences is largely influenced by the quality of the facility,
security and good attractive environment which can be easily accessed.

(c) Frequency and Effective Use of Spaces and Facilities

Generally, the available facilities are often utilized.
❖ The frequency of use of facilities somehow respond to the expectations for the
provision
❖ The frequency of use has little effect on the maintenance and running costs. This
is due to the fact that most of extra services are not charged but for running costs
are included in rent or buying prices
❖ The frequency of use of the available facilities does not match with the number of
preferences as there is no assurance of the availability of the facility at the needed
time since they are developed to be rented and run by other external individuals
whose availability is not assured.
 CHAPTER 05

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 SUMMARY
The main purpose of this study was to examine the extent of consideration of users’ preferences
and satisfaction in apartments by checking the associated facilities and the frequency of use. The
achievement of this purpose was through questioning and interviewing firstly the users and then
the developers of the apartment.

5.2CONCLUSION
Based on the key findings of the study and the literature done, the following conclusion can be
drawn;

Users’ satisfaction with dwellings, particularly apartments is subjective and mostly

influenced by the socio-demographic characteristics. Socio- Demographic factors being one of
the residential satisfaction determinants have a huge influence in determination of the expected
users (residents) and associated preferences based on factors such as the age group, gender,
education level, income level, occupation and marital status. With such factors it becomes easier
to identify preferences and facilities to be associated based on the majority age group, gender and
education level since they make a bigger number of occupants in the apartments thus increasing
the level of consideration of the users’ preferences and satisfaction.

Despite the socio-demographic characteristics, the remaining residential satisfaction

determinants also play a great role in increasing the satisfaction level of the apartment users.
housing characteristics which involve factors such as arrangement of rooms and spaces, quality
of the provided spaces and facilities as well as the number and sizes of rooms in the available
residential units as well as Neighborhood and Behavioral characteristics with factors such as
Safety and security, easy accessibility of the services and facilities, privacy of the area and
adjustability and maintenance of the available facilities are among the reasons for residential
satisfaction which attract new users to the particular apartment and motivates the existing
residents to stay longer. Rarely is culture a contributing factor for residential satisfaction.

Similarly to users’ satisfaction, their preferences is also an important subject in this study.
The only distinguishing fact between satisfaction and preferences is that the latter is way before
procuring and accommodating the place, these are attractive factors towards purchasing the
place. A number of attracting forces towards purchasing a residential apartment have been
analyzed, the main one being the available services and facilities and their quality, followed by
the safety and security of the area. The design of the apartment building is not a direct attractive
factor, it only induces the “WOW” factor at a glance but it is what the apartment offers beyond
accommodation that truly makes it more preferable.

Culture is the least important factor to be considered since nowadays people are inspired
and in need to live as modern as possible to match with the global trend. Developers of these
apartments have also mentioned culture as one of the factors considered in developing such
projects in the sense of allocation of spaces and the associated facilities.
Additionally, the main contributing factor that decreases the frequency of use of the
available facilities is the assurance on the availability since most of the provided facilities which
demand space such as retail shops, restaurants, gyms and supermarkets are just provided to be
rent and run by other external individuals and not the developers or owner s whose assurance on
the availability of the needed service would be more assured.

The provided facilities and services accompanying the accommodation purpose of the
apartments are not just provided for the sake of being there. A number of factors have been
considered towards development of the requirements and inclusion of such services in the
apartments, such factors include Demand and Market trends, Investment and Business
Development, Property and Land Value appreciation, Cost, Culture and Exposure. Such factors
are associated with the little inclusion of users through Feedback from previous relevant projects,
Experience and involvement of Potential owners from the design stage of the project in some
cases in order to make the place marketable, unique, modern and competitive. Even with
considerations of such factors, there are some failures observed as the facilities seem to be
overprovided. This does not mean that they are not preferred by the users but as seen in the data
collected where the preferences do not quite match with the frequency of use and expectations of
the owners.
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
From this study the following recommendations/suggestions can be applied based on the
findings.

The provided facilities accompanying the accommodation purpose of the apartments

should be independent (self-run) rather than provided to be managed by other people and not the
concerned owners or developers. This will facilitate and ensure the targeted customers with the
assurance of availability of such facilities at the needed time.

Also the design for provision of facilities which require the use of space such as shops,
restaurants and gyms should be as flexible as possible to accommodate other facilities and even
services when requirements are not meant or efficient utilization of those facilities.

The main factor to ensure the satisfaction of the majority of users is by providing not only
preferable facilities that are either in trend or portray the modernized lifestyle but also by
ensuring they are frequently utilized as the frequency of use is the major determinant of the level
of satisfaction.

Last but not least, the identification of the expected customers or users should be highly
considered to enable the formulation of requirements which would fit with their preferences and
satisfaction while using them. This can be through customization to increase the satisfaction
level of the customers by either the use of social media which is the major information tool for
many people or use of the customer feedback model, which provides information about customer
satisfaction, leads to better decisions and helps to improve the quality of housing-related services
and products.

5.4ACHIEVEMENT

This study tries to identify the factors that increase the users’ satisfaction level in an apartment
and their preferences. This study provides a clue to housing developers and suppliers on the
importance of determining the users’ preferences and residential satisfaction towards developing
effective project requirements which would be fully utilized by the expected users.

First, this study has analysed the influential level of the quality of residential environment on
housing satisfaction. According to the analysis, the precedent factors to determine housing
satisfaction on the apartment houses are affected by four factors of socio-demographic
characteristics, household characteristics, neighbourhood characteristics and behavioural
characteristics and among those four factors, socio-demographic characteristics and household
characteristics have the most influential levels.
Second, the influential level of users’ preferences through incorporation of a variety of facilities
has been analysed along with the frequency of use. According to the analysis, the quality of the
available facilities as well as secure and safe environment are the main influence in this category.

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Campbell, A., 1976. The quality of American life. perceptions, evaluation and satisfaction.
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CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING RENTAL ACTIVITIES; HOUSING ECONOMIC VALUE
CHAIN AND HOUSING COST BENCHMARKING ANALYSIS. s.l.:s.n.

Deb, S., 2005. The layman’s guide to buying a house. New Delhi: Outlook Money Books.

E.Hofman, J.I.M Halman, n.d. Variations in Housing Design. Identifying Customers

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F. Jesin Esther Mary and Dr.S.T.Surulivel, 2013-2014. A Study on Buyer Satisfaction in

Residential Apartment With Reference to VGN Infra Pvt. Ltd. Thanjavur, TamilNadu-India:
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Frank, B. & Enkawa, T., 2009. Economic drivers of dwelling satisfaction: Evidence from
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Hae Lee Yim, Byeong Hun Lee, Ju Hyung Kim, and Jae Jun Kim, 2009. The Effect Of The
Quality Of Apartment Houses On The Residential Satisfaction And Corporation
Performance, Seoul: s.n.

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Stockholm: s.n.

Kongela, S. M., 2013. Framework and Value Drivers for Real Estate Development in Sub-
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Lepkova N., Butkiene E. Bełej M., 2016. Study Of Customer Satisfaction With Living
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Tanzania.. Global Journal of Finance and Management, 3(2), p. 223 – 233.

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empirical studies. Journal of Malaysian , Volume 3, pp. 47-66.

Morbale, S. & Deshmukh, M., 2004. Real Estate Marketing strategy for income based
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Nurzafira Zainul Abidin, Mohamad Isa Abdullah, Noraliza Basrah and Muhammad Nazim
Alias, 2019. Residential Satisfaction: Literature Review and A Conceptual Framework, Shah
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 WEEKLY SUMMARY REPORT
WEEK ONE
14TH – 19TH SEPTEMBER 2020
1 TASK Identification and Development of Research Title

2 OBJECTIVE To identify an issue which requires an architectural intervention

3 TOOLS Literature review

4 CHALLENGES To convert an issue into a research title

5 CONCLUSION The task was done accordingly despite the few challenges encountered

WEEKLY SUMMARY REPORT

WEEK TWO
21ST – 26TH SEPTEMBER 2020
1 TASK Preparation of a Research Proposal

2 OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of the research title through generation of the

research issue, objectives, questionnaires and probable methods to be
carried out.

3 TOOLS Literature review

4 CHALLENGES Identification of objectives and questionnaire to address the research

issue as well as the appropriate research methods and tools to answer
 the questions

5 CONCLUSION The task was done accordingly despite the few challenges encountered

WEEKLY SUMMARY REPORT

WEEK THREE
28TH SEPTEMBER– 3RD OCTOBER 2020
1 TASK Development of interview guide questions as well as the questionnaire
guide for the intended sources of information

Site selection

2 OBJECTIVE To select appropriate site to be used as a case study

3 TOOLS Literature review

4 CHALLENGES ------

5 CONCLUSION The task was done accordingly despite the few challenges encountered

WEEKLY SUMMARY REPORT

WEEK FOUR
5TH – 10TH OCTOBER 2020
1 TASK Research permit

Data collection-Eco Residence

2 OBJECTIVE To gather relevant information on apartments

3 TOOLS Survey, Field study, Questionnaire, Interview

4 CHALLENGES Reluctance of respondents in filling the questionnaires and interview

6 CONCLUSION The task was done accordingly despite the few challenges encountered
 WEEKLY SUMMARY REPORT
WEEK FIVE
12TH – 17TH OCTOBER 2020
1 TASK Research permit

Data collection-Palm Village

2 OBJECTIVE To gather relevant information on apartments

3 TOOLS Survey, Field study, Questionnaire, Interview

5 CHALLENGES Reluctance of respondents in filling the questionnaires and interview

6 CONCLUSION The task was done accordingly despite the few challenges encountered

WEEKLY SUMMARY REPORT

WEEK SIX
19TH – 24TH OCTOBER 2020
1 TASK Research permit

Data collection-Palm Village

2 OBJECTIVE To gather relevant information on apartments

3 TOOLS Survey, Field study, Questionnaire, Interview

5 CHALLENGES Reluctance of respondents in filling the questionnaires and interview

6 CONCLUSION The task was done accordingly despite the few challenges encountered
 WEEKLY SUMMARY REPORT
WEEK SEVEN
26TH – 31ST OCTOBER 2020
1 TASK Research permit

Data collection-Victoria Place

2 OBJECTIVE To gather relevant information on apartments

3 TOOLS Survey, Field study, Questionnaire, Interview

5 CHALLENGES Reluctance of respondents in filling the questionnaires and interview

6 CONCLUSION The task was done accordingly despite the few challenges encountered

WEEKLY SUMMARY REPORT

WEEK EIGHT
2ND – 7TH NOVEMBER 2020
1 TASK Research permit

Data collection-Victoria Place

2 OBJECTIVE To gather relevant information on apartments

3 TOOLS Survey, Field study, Questionnaire, Interview

5 CHALLENGES Reluctance of respondents in filling the questionnaires and interview

6 CONCLUSION The task was done accordingly despite the few challenges encountered
 WEEKLY SUMMARY REPORT
WEEK NINE
9TH – 14TH NOVEMBER 2020
1 TASK Data analysis

2 OBJECTIVE To hold discussions and analyze the collected data

3 TOOLS Discussions, mapping

5 CHALLENGES Reluctance of respondents in filling the questionnaires and interview

6 CONCLUSION The task was done accordingly despite the few challenges encountered

WEEKLY SUMMARY REPORT

WEEK TEN
16TH – 21ST NOVEMBER 2020
1 TASK Data analysis

2 OBJECTIVE To hold discussions and analyze the collected data

3 TOOLS Discussions, mapping

5 CHALLENGES Inadequate data

6 CONCLUSION The task was done accordingly despite the few challenges encountered
 WEEKLY SUMMARY REPORT
WEEK ELEVEN
23RD – 28TH NOVEMBER 2020
1 TASK Report writing and discussions

2 OBJECTIVE To organize data collected in graphs and tables

3 TOOLS Discussions

5 CHALLENGES Insufficient evidence

6 CONCLUSION The task was done accordingly despite the few challenges encountered
 RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE
I: APARTMENT USERS
Answer by choosing the correct letter and put a tick ( ) as to your understanding
1. Personal information;
Gender : A. Female B. Male
Age: A. 13-19 B. 20-29 C. 30-39 D. 40-49 E. More than 50
Are you married? A. Yes B. No
Education level: A. Primary B. Secondary C. University D. Others

2. Are you a citizen of Tanzania?

A. Yes B. No

3. If No, where do you come from? …………….

4. The name of your apartment ……………………..

5. How long have you been living here?

A. Months C. 3-5 years
B. 1-2 years D. 6-10 years

6. What attracted you to live in these apartments?

A. Cost D. Culture
B. Available services and E. Others………………
facilities ………………………………
C. Lifestyle ………………………………

7. Do you have any plans of extending your living here?

A. Yes B. No

8. What is the reason for your answer above (7)?

A. Cost D. Culture
B. Available services and E. Others………………………
facilities ………………………………
C. Lifestyle …………………………….

9. Does your apartment unit satisfy you?

A. Satisfies. C. Less satisfying.
B. Very satisfying. D. Not satisfying at all.
10. Based on your answer above (9), what could be the reasons?
A. Cost G. Privacy in using the available
B. Available services and facilities facilities
C. Culture H. Design of the building and
D. Lifestyle facilities
E. Arrangement of rooms and I. Others
spaces …………………………………
F. Quality of services/facilities
11. What other services/facilities are within the apartments apart from shelter?
A. Swimming pool G. Gymnasium
B. Shops H. Kindergarten
C. Restaurant I. Club and Bar
D. Basement parking J. Others………………………
E. Movie theater ………………………………
F. Kids’ playing area …………………………
12. Do you use those facilities?
A. Yes B. No

13. How frequent do you use those facilities per week?

A. Once or twice C. Everyday
B. More than twice D. Only weekends

14. Which among the available facilities do you prefer to use?

A. Swimming pool G. Gymnasium
B. Shops H. Kindergarten
C. Restaurant I. Club and Bar
D. Basement parking J. Others ………………………
E. Movie theater ………………………………
F. Kids’ playing area ………………………………

15. Why do you prefer those facilities (14)?

A. Cultural appropriate E. Security
B. Good quality of the F. …………………….
facilities ………………………
C. Privacy in using ………………………
D. Lifestyle

16. Which among the available facilities do you not prefer to use?
A. Swimming pool F. Kids’ playing area
B. Shops G. Gymnasium
C. Restaurant H. Kindergarten
D. Basement parking I. Club and Bar
E. Movie theater J. Others ………………………
 …………………………… ……
……………………………

17. What is the reason for your choice above (16)?

A. Cultural inappropriate F. ………………………
B. Bad Quality of the G. ………………………
facilities H. ………………………
C. No privacy I. ………………………
D. Not part of Lifestyle J. ………………………
E. Security

18. What other facilities would you recommend to be added?

A. …………………………………………………..
B. …………………………………………………..
C. …………………………………………………..
D. …………………………………………………..
E. ………………………………………………….

19. Which facilities would you recommend to be removed or totally absent?

A. …………………………………………………..
B. …………………………………………………..
C. …………………………………………………..
D. …………………………………………………..
E. ………………………………………………….
II: DEVELOPERS / REAL ESTATE MANAGERS

1. What are the main driving forces for developing such projects and their requirements?

2. What factors are considered in formulating project requirements?

A. Culture
B. Cost
C. Market trends

3. Who dominates the buildings?

A. Residents
B. Nonresidents(foreigners)

4. Does the market respond according to the expectations?

A. Yes
B. No
C. Somehow

5. How do you consider the future occupants (users) in formulating these project
requirements?

6. To what extent do you interpret users’ preferences into project requirements?

7. What other facilities/services are accompanying the apartment units?

8. What were the reasons for inclusion of such services?

9. How frequent are these facilities used?

10. Which facilities are mostly used by the occupants?

11. What could be the reasons for the answer above?

12. Which facilities are mostly not used by the occupants?

13. What could be the reasons for the answer above?

14. Does the frequency of use correspond to your expectation for the provision of those
facilities?

15. Does the frequency of use match with the maintenance and running cost?