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Fault Calculation Examples

This document provides examples of calculating fault currents and voltages for different types of faults on a power system model. It first shows how to calculate zero, positive, and negative sequence impedances for a generator. It then provides examples of calculating: - Subtransient fault current for a bolted single line to ground fault - Fault currents for bolted line to line and double line to ground faults - Bus voltages during different fault conditions - Fault currents using bus impedance matrices The examples analyze faults using sequence network analysis and current division methods.

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taufiqishak09
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
162 views

Fault Calculation Examples

This document provides examples of calculating fault currents and voltages for different types of faults on a power system model. It first shows how to calculate zero, positive, and negative sequence impedances for a generator. It then provides examples of calculating: - Subtransient fault current for a bolted single line to ground fault - Fault currents for bolted line to line and double line to ground faults - Bus voltages during different fault conditions - Fault currents using bus impedance matrices The examples analyze faults using sequence network analysis and current division methods.

Uploaded by

taufiqishak09
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Examples 1

Draw the per unit zero, positive and negative networks on 100MVA, 13.8kV based in the zone of the
generator.

Zbase = (kV line to line)2/ MVA = (138)2/ 100 = 190.440ohm

X1= X2=20/190.44 =0.105 pu

Xo= 60/190.44 =0.315pu


Single Line to ground fault

The sequence components of the fault currents:


----------------------------------eqn 1

Transforming to the phase domain

--------------------eqn 2

Example 2

Calculate the sub transient fault current in per unit and in kA for a bolted single line to ground short
circuit from phase a to ground at bus 2. Also calculate the per unit line to ground voltages at faulted bus
2.

Since the short circuit is bolted, Zf =0.Using eqn 1


The sub transient fault current is using eqn 2

The based current at bus 2 is 100MVA/ (13.8kV *√3) = 4.1837kA

Therefore

The sequence components of the voltages at the fault are:


Double line fault

Calculate the subs transient fault current in per unit and in kA for a bolted line to line fault from phase b
to c at bus 2.
To calculate subtrasient current using this eqn

Using these equations for calculate different phase current


Double line to ground fault

Calculate :

(a) the subtransient fault current in each phase

(b) neutral fault current

(c) contributions to the fault current from the motor and from the transmission line, for a bolted double
line to ground fault from phase b to c to ground at bus 2.
In this case zf =0

(a)

(b)
(c)

From Zero sequence network, the contribution to the zero-sequence fault current from the line is zero
due to transformer connection.

From possitve network, the positive terminals on the internal machine voltages can be connected, since
E”g= E”m.

By using current division


From negative sequence network

Transforming to the phase domain with base current 0.41837kA for the line and 4.1837kA for the motor
Example 2
\
Bus voltages during fault

Bus 1
Bus 2

Bus 3
Bus 4

Bus 5

The bus voltage of bus 5 under faulted condition is zero because the fault impedance is zero.
QUIZ

The inductor connected to Generator 3 neutral has a reactance of 0.05 per unit using generator 3 rating
as a base. Draw the zero, positive, and negative sequence reactance diagram using a 100MVA, 765 kV
base in the zone of the line 1-2.

Determine the Thevenin equivalent of each sequence network as viewed from the fault at bus 1. Pre-
fault voltage is 1.0 per unit.
Example using Bus Impedance Matrices

Y11 = 1/j0.05 = -j20 , Y22= 1/(j0.10+j0.15) = -j4

Y12 =0 , Y21=0
Z10 =j0.15 -----Y10 = -j6.6667, Z12= j0.305----Y12 =-j3.2787, Z20=j0.20 ------Y20 =1/j0.20 =-j5

Y11= Y10+Y12 =- j9.9454, Y22= Y20+Y21 = -j8.2787


n = 1, Zf = 0;
The Substrasient fault at bus 1

N=2, Zf =0; fault at BUS 2

This is the same result as obtained in example 1.

Line to ground voltages at bus 1 during the fault at bus 1 with k=1, n=1
The line to ground voltages at BUS 1 during the fault at bus 1

Next, the sequence components of the line to ground voltages at BUS 2 during the fault at BUS 1: k=2,
n=1

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