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17BCH050 TP Comprehensive PDF

The document is a student's assignment on transport phenomena that discusses laminar flow, turbulent flow, and other related concepts. It begins by defining laminar flow as orderly fluid movement in parallel layers with little mixing between layers. Turbulent flow is then defined as more chaotic flow with eddies and lateral mixing. The document also discusses the no-slip boundary condition and reasons for turbulence such as mechanical turbulence from ground irregularities or thermal turbulence from temperature differences.

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Shreyash
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93 views12 pages

17BCH050 TP Comprehensive PDF

The document is a student's assignment on transport phenomena that discusses laminar flow, turbulent flow, and other related concepts. It begins by defining laminar flow as orderly fluid movement in parallel layers with little mixing between layers. Turbulent flow is then defined as more chaotic flow with eddies and lateral mixing. The document also discusses the no-slip boundary condition and reasons for turbulence such as mechanical turbulence from ground irregularities or thermal turbulence from temperature differences.

Uploaded by

Shreyash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A

COMPHREHENSIVE ASSIGNMENT
OF
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

Submitted By: Guided By:


Shreyash Khunt Dr. Amit Kumar
(17BCH050) Assistant Professor

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT


INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NIRMA UNIVERSITY
Discuss the following in detail:
1. Laminar Flow
In fluid dynamics, laminar flow is characterized by fluid particles following smooth
paths in layers, with each layer moving smoothly past the adjacent layers with little or
no mixing. At low velocities, the fluid tends to flow without lateral mixing, and adjacent
layers slide past one another like playing cards. There are no cross-currents
perpendicular to the direction of flow, nor eddies or swirls of fluids. In laminar flow,
the motion of the particles of the fluid is very orderly with particles close to a solid
surface moving in straight lines parallel to that surface. Laminar flow is a flow regime
characterized by high momentum diffusion and low momentum convection.
When a fluid is flowing through a closed channel such as a pipe or between two flat
plates, either of two types of flow may occur depending on the velocity and viscosity of
the fluid: laminar flow or turbulent flow. Laminar flow occurs at lower velocities, below a
threshold at which the flow becomes turbulent. The velocity is determined by a
dimensionless parameter characterizing the flow called the Reynolds number, which also
depends on the viscosity and density of the fluid and dimensions of the channel.
Turbulent flow is a less orderly flow regime that is characterized by eddies or small
packets of fluid particles, which result in lateral mixing. In non-scientific terms, laminar
flow is smooth, while turbulent flow is rough.

Turbulent Flow:
Turbulent flow is irregularity, mixing or turbulance of fluid constant
to laminar flow. Turbulent flow is a flow in which every point of fluid
that is passing in path have different direction and magnitude as shown
in figure above. Most sorts of fluid flow are turbulent, aside from
laminar flow at the main edge of solids moving comparative with
fluids or amazingly near strong surfaces, as example, river and ocean
water generally flows in turbulent flow.
No-slip boundary condition :
In the fluid flow operation, viscous fluids assumes that at solid
boundary, the fluid will have zero velocity relative to the
boundary. Hence, fluid velocity for all are in the path is same as
solid boundary. Also there is no relative movement of fluid layer
and boundary.

. Reasons for turbulence:


There are many reason for turbulance , some of them stated below:

• Mechanical turbulance: This is due to friction between


air and ground mainly due to irregularity of earth’s
surface (mountain and man-made structure) hence due to
that eddies will form and create turbulance in lower level.
• Thermal turbulance : The difference in heat ( temp.
difference) produces thermal turbulance in especially pipe
and other part.
• Wind shear
• Frontal turbulance.
Moment flux and Shear Force

SHEAR FORCE
Substantial derivative:
It is a very important concept in fluid dynamics that describe the change of fluid element like
temperature, density and velocity component along with their trajectory.

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